1. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 30.31 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 30.31. זַרְזִיר מָתְנַיִם אוֹ־תָיִשׁ וּמֶלֶךְ אַלְקוּם עִמּוֹ׃ | 30.31. The greyhound; the he-goat also; And the king, against whom there is no rising up." |
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2. Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes, 1007 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 1007. ἰὼ ἰὼ δαιμονῶντες ἄτᾳ. Ἀντιγόνη | 1007. You were possessed by delusion. Antigone |
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3. Lycurgus, Against Leocrates, 101 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
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4. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, 9.14 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 9.14. Judas saw that Bacchides and the strength of his army were on the right; then all the stouthearted men went with him |
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5. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 4.37, 6.18-7.42, 6.28, 7.2, 7.20, 7.21, 7.37, 8.21, 13.10, 13.14, 14.18, 14.37, 14.38, 14.39, 14.40, 14.41, 14.42, 14.43, 14.44, 14.45, 14.46, 15.30 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 13.10. But when Judas heard of this, he ordered the people to call upon the Lord day and night, now if ever to help those who were on the point of being deprived of the law and their country and the holy temple,' |
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6. Septuagint, 4 Maccabees, 6.11, 9.23, 17.5-17.7, 17.9-17.16, 17.18 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 6.11. in fact, with his face bathed in sweat, and gasping heavily for breath, he amazed even his torturers by his courageous spirit. 9.23. Imitate me, brothers, he said. "Do not leave your post in my struggle or renounce our courageous brotherhood. 17.5. The moon in heaven, with the stars, does not stand so august as you, who, after lighting the way of your star-like seven sons to piety, stand in honor before God and are firmly set in heaven with them. 17.6. For your children were true descendants of father Abraham. 17.7. If it were possible for us to paint the history of your piety as an artist might, would not those who first beheld it have shuddered as they saw the mother of the seven children enduring their varied tortures to death for the sake of religion? 17.9. Here lie buried an aged priest and an aged woman and seven sons, because of the violence of the tyrant who wished to destroy the way of life of the Hebrews. 17.10. They vindicated their nation, looking to God and enduring torture even to death. 17.11. Truly the contest in which they were engaged was divine 17.12. for on that day virtue gave the awards and tested them for their endurance. The prize was immortality in endless life. 17.13. Eleazar was the first contestant, the mother of the seven sons entered the competition, and the brothers contended. 17.14. The tyrant was the antagonist, and the world and the human race were the spectators. 17.15. Reverence for God was victor and gave the crown to its own athletes. 17.16. Who did not admire the athletes of the divine legislation? Who were not amazed? 17.18. because of which they now stand before the divine throne and live through blessed eternity. |
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7. Septuagint, 3 Maccabees, 7.18 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 7.18. There they celebrated their deliverance, for the king had generously provided all things to them for their journey, to each as far as his own house. |
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8. Philo of Alexandria, On The Cherubim, 41 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 41. for since we say, that woman is to be understood symbolically as the outward sense, and since knowledge consists in alienation from the outward sense and from the body, it is plain that the lovers of wisdom must repudiate the outward sense rather than choose it, and is not this quite natural? for they who live with these men are in name indeed wives, but in fact virtues. Sarah is princess and guide, Rebecca is perseverance in what is good; Leah again is virtue, fainting and weary at the long continuance of exertion, which every foolish man declines, and avoids, and repudiates; and Zipporah, the wife of Moses, is virtue, mounting up from earth to heaven, and arriving at a just comprehension of the divine and blessed virtues which exist there, and she is called a bird. 41. For if the uncreated, and immortal, and everlasting God, who is in need of nothing and who is the maker of the universe, and the benefactor and King of kings, and God of gods, cannot endure to overlook even the meanest of human beings, but has thought even such worthy of being banqueted in sacred oracles and laws, as if he were about to give him a lovefeast, and to prepare for him alone a banquet for the refreshing and expanding of his soul instructed in the divine will and in the manner in which the great ceremonies ought to be performed, how can it be right for me, who am a mere mortal, to hold my head up high and to allow myself to be puffed up, behaving with insolence to my equals whose fortunes may, perhaps, not be equal to mine, but whose relationship to me is equal and complete, inasmuch as they are set down as the children of one mother, the common nature of all men? |
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9. Philo of Alexandria, Allegorical Interpretation, 2.24 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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10. Ignatius, To Polycarp, 3.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 3.1. Let not those that seem to be plausible and yet teach strange doctrine dismay thee. Stand thou firm, as an anvil when it is smitten. It is the part of a great athlete to receive blows and be victorious. But especially must we for God's sake endure all things, that He also may endure us. 3.1. For I know and believe that He was in the flesh even after the resurrection; |
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11. New Testament, 1 Peter, 2.18-2.19 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 2.18. Servants, be in subjection to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the wicked. 2.19. For it is commendable if someone endures pain, suffering unjustly, because of conscience toward God. |
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12. New Testament, Luke, 21.19 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 21.19. By your endurance you will win your lives. |
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