Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

9125

Pausanias, Description Of Greece, 1.4.5

Γαλατῶν δὲ οἱ πολλοὶ ναυσὶν ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν διαβάντες τὰ παραθαλάσσια αὐτῆς ἐλεηλάτουν· χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον οἱ Πέργαμον ἔχοντες, πάλαι δὲ Τευθρανίαν καλουμένην, ἐς ταύτην Γαλάτας ἐλαύνουσιν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης. οὗτοι μὲν δὴ τὴν ἐκτὸς Σαγγαρίου χώραν ἔσχον Ἄγκυραν πόλιν ἑλόντες Φρυγῶν, ἣν Μίδας ὁ Γορδίου πρότερον ᾤκισεν—ἄγκυρα δέ, ἣν ὁ Μίδας ἀνεῦρεν, ἦν ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἐν ἱερῷ Διὸς καὶ κρήνη Μίδου καλουμένη· ταύτην οἴνῳ κεράσαι Μίδαν φασὶν ἐπὶ τὴν θήραν τοῦ Σιληνοῦ—, ταύτην τε δὴ τὴν Ἄγκυραν εἷλον καὶ Πεσσινοῦντα τὴν ὑπὸ τὸ ὄρος τὴν Ἄγδιστιν, ἔνθα καὶ τὸν Ἄττην τεθάφθαι λέγουσι. The greater number of the Gauls crossed over to Asia by ship and plundered its coasts. Some time after, the inhabitants of Pergamus, that was called of old Teuthrania, drove the Gauls into it from the sea. Now this people occupied the country on the farther side of the river Sangarius capturing Ancyra, a city of the Phrygians, which Midas son of Gordius had founded in former time. And the anchor, which Midas found, A legend invented to explain the name “ Ancyra,” which means anchor. was even as late as my time in the sanctuary of Zeus, as well as a spring called the Spring of Midas, water from which they say Midas mixed with wine to capture Silenus. Well then, the Pergameni took Ancyra and Pessinus which lies under Mount Agdistis, where they say that Attis lies buried.

Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

22 results
1. Aristophanes, Peace, 211-212, 371, 204 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) 204. ̔́Ελλησιν ὀργισθέντες. εἶτ' ἐνταῦθα μὲν
2. Herodotus, Histories, 2.123.2, 4.95-4.96, 7.26-7.29, 8.39, 8.64, 8.138 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) 2.123.2. The Egyptians were the first who maintained the following doctrine, too, that the human soul is immortal, and at the death of the body enters into some other living thing then coming to birth; and after passing through all creatures of land, sea, and air, it enters once more into a human body at birth, a cycle which it completes in three thousand years. 4.95. I understand from the Greeks who live beside the Hellespont and Pontus, that this Salmoxis was a man who was once a slave in Samos, his master being Pythagoras son of Mnesarchus; ,then, after being freed and gaining great wealth, he returned to his own country. Now the Thracians were a poor and backward people, but this Salmoxis knew Ionian ways and a more advanced way of life than the Thracian; for he had consorted with Greeks, and moreover with one of the greatest Greek teachers, Pythagoras; ,therefore he made a hall, where he entertained and fed the leaders among his countrymen, and taught them that neither he nor his guests nor any of their descendants would ever die, but that they would go to a place where they would live forever and have all good things. ,While he was doing as I have said and teaching this doctrine, he was meanwhile making an underground chamber. When this was finished, he vanished from the sight of the Thracians, and went down into the underground chamber, where he lived for three years, ,while the Thracians wished him back and mourned him for dead; then in the fourth year he appeared to the Thracians, and thus they came to believe what Salmoxis had told them. Such is the Greek story about him. 4.96. Now I neither disbelieve nor entirely believe the tale about Salmoxis and his underground chamber; but I think that he lived many years before Pythagoras; ,and as to whether there was a man called Salmoxis or this is some deity native to the Getae, let the question be dismissed. 7.26. While these worked at their appointed task, all the land force had been mustered and was marching with Xerxes to Sardis, setting forth from Critalla in Cappadocia, which was the place appointed for gathering all the army that was to march with Xerxes himself by land. ,Now which of his governors received the promised gifts from the king for bringing the best-equipped army, I cannot say; I do not even know if the matter was ever determined. ,When they had crossed the river Halys and entered Phrygia, they marched through that country to Celaenae, where rises the source of the river Maeander and of another river no smaller, which is called Cataractes; it rises right in the market-place of Celaenae and issues into the Maeander. The skin of Marsyas the Silenus also hangs there; the Phrygian story tells that it was flayed off him and hung up by Apollo. 7.27. In this city Pythius son of Atys, a Lydian, sat awaiting them; he entertained Xerxes himself and all the king's army with the greatest hospitality, and declared himself willing to provide money for the war. ,When Pythius offered the money, Xerxes asked the Persians present who this Pythius was and how much wealth he possessed in making the offer. They said, “O king, this is the one who gave your father Darius the gift of a golden plane-tree and vine; he is now the richest man we know of after you.” 7.28. Xerxes marvelled at this last saying and next himself asked Pythius how much wealth he had. “O king,” said Pythius, “I will not conceal the quantity of my property from you, nor pretend that I do not know; I know and will tell you the exact truth. ,As soon as I learned that you were coming down to the Greek sea, I wanted to give you money for the war, so I inquired into the matter, and my reckoning showed me that I had two thousand talents of silver, and four million Daric staters of gold, lacking seven thousand. ,All this I freely give to you; for myself, I have a sufficient livelihood from my slaves and my farms.” 7.29. Thus he spoke. Xerxes was pleased with what he said and replied: “My Lydian friend, since I came out of Persia I have so far met with no man who was willing to give hospitality to my army, nor who came into my presence unsummoned and offered to furnish money for the war, besides you. ,But you have entertained my army nobly and offer me great sums. In return for this I give you these privileges: I make you my friend, and out of my own wealth I give you the seven thousand staters which will complete your total of four million, so that your four million not lack the seven thousand and the even number be reached by my completing it. ,Remain in possession of what you now possess, and be mindful to be always such as you are; neither for the present nor in time will you regret what you now do.” 8.39. These two, say the Delphians, were the native heroes Phylacus and Autonous, whose precincts are near the temple, Phylacus' by the road itself above the shrine of Athena Pronaea, and Autonous' near the Castalian spring, under the Hyarapean Peak. ,The rocks that fell from Parnassus were yet to be seen in my day, lying in the precinct of Athena Pronaea, from where their descent through the foreigners' ranks had hurled them. Such, then, was the manner of those men's departure from the temple. 8.64. After this skirmish of words, since Eurybiades had so resolved, the men at Salamis prepared to fight where they were. At sunrise on the next day there was an earthquake on land and sea, ,and they resolved to pray to the gods and summon the sons of Aeacus as allies. When they had so resolved, they did as follows: they prayed to all the gods, called Ajax and Telamon to come straight from Salamis, and sent a ship to Aegina for Aeacus and his sons. 8.138. So they departed, but one of those who sat nearby declared to the king what this was that the boy had done and how it was of set purpose that the youngest of them had accepted the gift offered. When the king heard this, he was angered, and sent riders after them to slay them. There is, however, in that land a river, to which the descendants from Argos of these men offer sacrifice as their deliverer. ,This river, when the sons of Temenus had crossed it, rose in such flood that the riders could not cross. So the brothers came to another part of Macedonia and settled near the place called the garden of Midas son of Gordias, where roses grow of themselves, each bearing sixty blossoms and of surpassing fragrance. ,In this garden, according to the Macedonian story, Silenus was taken captive. Above it rises the mountain called Bermius, which none can ascend for the wintry cold. From there they issued forth when they had won that country and presently subdued also the rest of Macedonia.
3. Plato, Symposium, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) 221d. Nestor, Antenor, or others I might mention, with Pericles; and in the same order you may liken most great men; but with the odd qualities of this person, both in himself and in his conversation, you would not come anywhere near finding a comparison if you searched either among men of our day or among those of the past, unless perhaps you borrowed my words and matched him, not with any human being, but with the Silenuses and satyrs, in his person and his speech.
4. Xenophon, The Persian Expedition, 1.2.7, 1.2.13 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
5. Cicero, On Divination, 1.78, 2.66 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 1.78. Magnum illud etiam, quod addidit Coelius, eo tempore ipso, cum hoc calamitosum proelium fieret, tantos terrae motus in Liguribus, Gallia compluribusque insulis totaque in Italia factos esse, ut multa oppida conruerint, multis locis labes factae sint terraeque desederint fluminaque in contrarias partes fluxerint atque in amnes mare influxerit. Fiunt certae divinationum coniecturae a peritis. Midae illi Phrygi, cum puer esset, dormienti formicae in os tritici grana congesserunt. Divitissumum fore praedictum est; quod evenit. At Platoni cum in cunis parvulo dormienti apes in labellis consedissent, responsum est singulari illum suavitate orationis fore. Ita futura eloquentia provisa in infante est. 2.66. Atque haec ostentorum genera mirabile nihil habent; quae cum facta sunt, tum ad coniecturam aliqua interpretatione revocantur, ut illa tritici grana in os pueri Midae congesta aut apes, quas dixisti in labris Platonis consedisse pueri, non tam mirabilia sint quam coniecta belle; quae tamen vel ipsa falsa esse vel ea, quae praedicta sunt, fortuito cecidisse potuerunt. De ipso Roscio potest illud quidem esse falsum, ut circumligatus fuerit angui, sed ut in cunis fuerit anguis, non tam est mirum, in Solonio praesertim, ubi ad focum angues nundinari solent. Nam quod haruspices responderint nihil illo clarius, nihil nobilius fore, miror deos immortales histrioni futuro claritatem ostendisse, nullam ostendisse Africano. 1.78. Coelius has added the further notable fact that, at the very time this disastrous battle was going on, earthquakes of such violence occurred in Liguria, in Gaul, on several islands, and in every part of Italy, that a large number of towns were destroyed, landslips took place in many regions, the earth sank, rivers flowed upstream, and the sea invaded their channels.[36] Trustworthy conjectures in divining are made by experts. For instance, when Midas, the famous king of Phrygia, was a child, ants filled his mouth with grains of wheat as he slept. It was predicted that he would be a very wealthy man; and so it turned out. Again, while Plato was an infant, asleep in his cradle, bees settled on his lips and this was interpreted to mean that he would have a rare sweetness of speech. Hence in his infancy his future eloquence was foreseen. 2.66. There is nothing remarkable about the so‑called portents of the kind just mentioned; but after they have happened they are brought within the field of prophecy by some interpretation Take, for example, your stories of the grains of wheat heaped into the mouth of Midas when a boy, and of the bees which settled on the lips of Plato, when he was a child — they are more remarkable as guesses than as real prophecies. Besides, the incidents may have been fictitious; if not, then the fulfilment of the prophecy may have been accidental. As to that incident about Roscius it may, of course, be untrue that a snake coiled itself around him; but it is not so surprising that a snake was in his cradle — especially in Solonium where snakes are attracted in large numbers by the heat of the fireplaces. As to your statement that the soothsayers prophesied a career of unrivalled brilliancy for Roscius, it is a strange thing to me that the immortal gods foretold the glory of a future actor and did not foretell that of Africanus!
6. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations, 1.114 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 1.114. simili precatione praec. X (12 prec. V) Trophonius et Agamedes usi dicuntur; qui cum Apollini apolloni G apollin o K 1 Delphis templum exaedificavissent, exedificavissent RK (-et) venerantes verantes V 1 deum petiverunt mercedem mercedem V non parvam quidem operis et laboris sui: nihil certi, sed quod esset optimum homini. quibus Apollo se id daturum ostendit post eius diei die die K 1 diem tertium; qui ut inluxit, mortui sunt reperti. iudicavisse deum dicunt, et eum quidem deum, cui reliqui dii concessissent, ut praeter ceteros divinaret. adfertur etiam de Sileno fabella quaedam; qui cum a Mida captus esset, hoc ei muneris pro sua missione dedisse scribitur: docuisse regem non nasci homini longe optimum esse, proximum autem quam primum mori.
7. Polybius, Histories, 21.6.7, 21.37.6 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) 21.6.7.  Two Galli or priests of Cybele with images and pectorals came out of the town, and besought them not to resort to extreme measures against the city. Naval Matters (Suid.) 21.37.6.  announcing that the goddess foretold his victory.
8. Livy, History, 38.18.9 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
9. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 11.90-11.93 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
10. Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, 2.3 (1st cent. CE - missingth cent. CE)
11. Plutarch, Aratus, 32.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
12. Plutarch, Cimon, 8.3-8.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
13. Plutarch, Letter of Condolence To Apollonius, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 115b. There is no vacant pathway for the air? Not merely now, but long ago, as Crantor says, the lot of man has been bewailed by many wise men, who have felt that life is a punishment and that for man to be born at all is the greatest calamity. Aristotle says that Silenus when he was captured declared this to Midas. It is better to quote the very words of the philosopher. He says, in the work which is entitled Eudemus, or ofthe Soul, the following: "'Wherefore, Obest and blessedest of all, in addition to believing that those who have ended this life are blessed and happy
14. Plutarch, Themistocles, 15.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
15. Plutarch, Theseus, 36 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
16. Aelian, Varia Historia, 3.18, 4.17 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
17. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1.4.4, 1.35.7-1.35.8, 7.17.10-7.17.12, 10.19.12 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 1.4.4. So they tried to save Greece in the way described, but the Gauls, now south of the Gates, cared not at all to capture the other towns, but were very eager to sack Delphi and the treasures of the god. They were opposed by the Delphians themselves and the Phocians of the cities around Parnassus ; a force of Aetolians also joined the defenders, for the Aetolians at this time were pre-eminent for their vigorous activity. When the forces engaged, not only were thunderbolts and rocks broken off from Parnassus hurled against the Gauls, but terrible shapes as armed warriors haunted the foreigners. They say that two of them, Hyperochus and Amadocus, came from the Hyperboreans, and that the third was Pyrrhus son of Achilles. Because of this help in battle the Delphians sacrifice to Pyrrhus as to a hero, although formerly they held even his tomb in dishonor, as being that of an enemy. 1.35.7. But what really caused me surprise is this. There is a small city of upper Lydia called The Doors of Temenus. There a crest broke away in a storm, and there appeared bones the shape of which led one to suppose that they were human, but from their size one would never have thought it. At once the story spread among the multitude that it was the corpse of Geryon, the son of Chrysaor, and that the seat also was his. For there is a man's seat carved on a rocky spur of the mountain. And a torrent they called the river Ocean, and they said that men ploughing met with the horns of cattle, for the story is that Geryon reared excellent cows. 1.35.8. And when I criticized the account and pointed out to them that Geryon is at Gadeira, where there is, not his tomb, but a tree showing different shapes, the guides of the Lydians related the true story, that the corpse is that of Hyllus, a son of Earth, from whom the river is named. They also said that Heracles from his sojourning with Omphale called his son Hyllus after the river. 7.17.10. Then certain Lydians, with Attis himself, were killed by the boar, and it is consistent with this that the Gauls who inhabit Pessinus abstain from pork. But the current view about Attis is different, the local legend about him being this. Zeus, it is said, let fall in his sleep seed upon the ground, which in course of time sent up a demon, with two sexual organs, male and female. They call the demon Agdistis. But the gods, fearing With δήσαντες the meaning is: “bound Agdistis and cut off.” Agdistis, cut off the male organ. 7.17.11. There grew up from it an almond-tree with its fruit ripe, and a daughter of the river Sangarius, they say, took of the fruit and laid it in her bosom, when it at once disappeared, but she was with child. A boy was born, and exposed, but was tended by a he-goat. As he grew up his beauty was more than human, and Agdistis fell in love with him. When he had grown up, Attis was sent by his relatives to Pessinus, that he might wed the king's daughter. 7.17.12. The marriage-song was being sung, when Agdistis appeared, and Attis went mad and cut off his genitals, as also did he who was giving him his daughter in marriage. But Agdistis repented of what he had done to Attis, and persuaded Zeus to grant that the body of Attis should neither rot at all nor decay. 10.19.12. This was the size of the army, and such was the intention of Brennus, when he attacked Greece . The spirit of the Greeks was utterly broken, but the extremity of their terror forced them to defend Greece . They realized that the struggle that faced them would not be one for liberty, as it was when they fought the Persian, and that giving water and earth would not bring them safety. They still remembered the fate of Macedonia, Thrace and Paeonia during the former incursion of the Gauls, and reports were coming in of enormities committed at that very time on the Thessalians. So every man, as well as every state, was convinced that they must either conquer or perish.
18. Tertullian, On The Soul, 2.3 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
19. Diogenes Laertius, Lives of The Philosophers, 8.4-8.5, 8.36 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) 8.4. This is what Heraclides of Pontus tells us he used to say about himself: that he had once been Aethalides and was accounted to be Hermes' son, and Hermes told him he might choose any gift he liked except immortality; so he asked to retain through life and through death a memory of his experiences. Hence in life he could recall everything, and when he died he still kept the same memories. Afterwards in course of time his soul entered into Euphorbus and he was wounded by Menelaus. Now Euphorbus used to say that he had once been Aethalides and obtained this gift from Hermes, and then he told of the wanderings of his soul, how it migrated hither and thither, into how many plants and animals it had come, and all that it underwent in Hades, and all that the other souls there have to endure. 8.5. When Euphorbus died, his soul passed into Hermotimus, and he also, wishing to authenticate the story, went up to the temple of Apollo at Branchidae, where he identified the shield which Menelaus, on his voyage home from Troy, had dedicated to Apollo, so he said: the shield being now so rotten through and through that the ivory facing only was left. When Hermotimus died, he became Pyrrhus, a fisherman of Delos, and again he remembered everything, how he was first Aethalides, then Euphorbus, then Hermotimus, and then Pyrrhus. But when Pyrrhus died, he became Pythagoras, and still remembered all the facts mentioned. 8.36. This is what Alexander says that he found in the Pythagorean memoirs. What follows is Aristotle's.But Pythagoras's great dignity not even Timon overlooked, who, although he digs at him in his Silli, speaks ofPythagoras, inclined to witching works and ways,Man-snarer, fond of noble periphrase.Xenophanes confirms the statement about his having been different people at different times in the elegiacs beginning:Now other thoughts, another path, I show.What he says of him is as follows:They say that, passing a belaboured whelp,He, full of pity, spake these words of dole:Stay, smite not ! 'Tis a friend, a human soul;I knew him straight whenas I heard him yelp !
20. Porphyry, Life of Pythagoras, 25 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) 25. While at the Olympic games, he was discoursing with his friends about auguries, omens, and divine signs, and how men of true piety do receive messages from the Gods. Flying over his head was an eagle, who stopped, and came down to Pythagoras. After stroking her awhile, he released her. Meeting with some fishermen who were drawing in their nets heavily laden with fishes from the deep, he predicted the exact number of fish they had caught. The fishermen said that if his estimate was accurate they would do whatever he commanded. They counted them accurately, and found the number correct. He then bade them return the fish alive into the sea; and, what is more wonderful, not one of them died, although they had been out of the water a considerable time. He paid them and left. SPAN
21. Strabo, Geography, 12.5.1, 12.5.3 12.5.1. GALATIAThe Galatians, then, are to the south of the Paphlagonians. And of these there are three tribes; two of them, the Trocmi and the Tolistobogii, are named after their leaders, whereas the third, the Tectosages, is named after the tribe in Celtica. This country was occupied by the Galatae after they had wandered about for a long time, and after they had overrun the country that was subject to the Attalid and the Bithynian kings, until by voluntary cession they received the present Galatia, or Gallo-Graecia, as it is called. Leonnorius is generally reputed to have been the chief leader of their expedition across to Asia. The three tribes spoke the same language and differed from each other in no respect; and each was divided into four portions which were called tetrarchies, each tetrarchy having its own tetrarch, and also one judge and one military commander, both subject to the tetrarch, and two subordinate commanders. The Council of the twelve tetrarchs consisted of three hundred men, who assembled at Drynemetum, as it was called. Now the Council passed judgment upon murder cases, but the tetrarchs and the judges upon all others. Such, then, was the organization of Galatia long ago, but in my time the power has passed to three rulers, then to two; and then to one, Deiotarus, and then to Amyntas, who succeeded him. But at the present time the Romans possess both this country and the whole of the country that became subject to Amyntas, having united them into one province. 12.5.3. Pessinus is the greatest of the emporiums in that part of the world, containing a sanctuary of the Mother of the Gods, which is an object of great veneration. They call her Agdistis. The priests were in ancient times potentates, I might call them, who reaped the fruits of a great priesthood, but at present the prerogatives of these have been much reduced, although the emporium still endures. The sacred precinct has been built up by the Attalic kings in a manner befitting a holy place, with a sanctuary and also with porticos of white marble. The Romans made the sanctuary famous when, in accordance with oracles of the Sibyl, they sent for the statue of the goddess there, just as they did in the case of that of Asclepius at Epidaurus. There is also a mountain situated above the city, Dindymum, after which the country Dindymene was named, just as Cybele was named after Cybela. Near by, also, flows the Sangarius River; and on this river are the ancient habitations of the Phrygians, of Midas, and of Gordius, who lived even before his time, and of certain others, — habitations which preserve not even traces of cities, but are only villages slightly larger than the others, for instance, Gordium and Gorbeus, the royal residence of Castor the son of Saocondarius, where Deiotarus, Castor's father-in-law, slew him and his own daughter. And he pulled down the fortress and ruined most of the settlement.
22. Vergil, Aeneis, 9.116 9.116. these on the Dardan warrior at his need

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
a(n)gdistis/agdus	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 283
achilles	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 190
adonis,resurrection	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280
aeacids	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
aegina	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
alexander iii (the great) of macedon	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
anchyrus	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
ancyra	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
anecdotal mode	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
ankyra (today ankara),name of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
antiochos i,seleucid	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
apamea celaenae	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
apollo,in myth	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
apollo	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18; Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191
apollonios of aphrodisias,writer	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
archives	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
ariobarzanes of pontos	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
artemis	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191; Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
asia,greeks (ionians) of	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
asia,name of continent	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
ates/atys	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
athena	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191
athens	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
athens and athenians,and religious authority	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
athens and athenians,cults and cult places of	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
athens and athenians,in peloponnesian war era	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
attalos i of pergamon	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
attis,as god	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280
attis,as papas	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280
attis,body of	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280
attis,grave	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280
attis,in lydia	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280
attis,in phrygia	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280, 283
attis,resurrection	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280
attis	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280, 283
bacchants	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
barbarian/barbarians	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
bermium,mount	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
blukion,fortress	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
bona dea	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
bosporus,thracian	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
brassidas	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
callisthenes of olynthus	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
cappadocia/cappadocians,galatians	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
celaenae	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
celts	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
cerri,giovanni	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
cilicia and cilicians	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
cimon	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
coins	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
council house,of athens	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
croton	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
cult	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
cult of gods,goddesses,and heroes,royal cults	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
cyrus the younger	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
danala	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
delphi,oracle of	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
delphi	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
demeter	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
deo	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
diodorus siculus	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191
dyrrhachium	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
eleusinian,orpheus,orphic,samothracian,mater	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
eleusinian,orpheus,orphic,samothracian	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
emporion,trading center,	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
epigethes	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
epigoni,age of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
epiphanization	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
eunuchs	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
galatia/galatians/celts,arrival and settlement	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
galatia and galatians	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
gallus	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
gaul/gauls	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
gordius	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
greece (mainland),old	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
hellenistic period	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
heracles	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
hero	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
herodotus	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18; Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191
heroization	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
history,greek	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
hyperochos and amadokos	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 190
identity,greek	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
identity,local/regional	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
initiates	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
intentional reality/ history	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
ionia	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
iran/iranian	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
julian	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
justin	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191
kalaos	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280
king,lydian	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
kolophon	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280
kybe(l)la/on,mt	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 283
kybebe/le,etymology	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 283
kybebe/le	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280, 283
laodiceia	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
league,ionian	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
leonidas	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
leonnorios,celtic military leader	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
life	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
lityerses	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
localism	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191
macedon and macedonians	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
macedonia	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
maeander river	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
magnesia (thessaly)	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
magnesia by sipylos	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
marathon	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
marsyas	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
men/meis,in ankyra	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
metragyrtes	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
metroön,at athens	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
midas,and marsyas	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
midas,and seilenus	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
midas,garden of	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
midas,tomb and epigram of	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
midas	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 283; Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159; Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71; de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
mithridates ii,king of pontos	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
mithridation,castle	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
mother of the gods,and athens	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
mother of the gods,as demeter	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
mother of the gods,as rhea	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
mother of the gods,myths of	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
mother of the gods,rites of	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
mother of the gods,scholarship on	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
mother of the gods	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280, 283
myth	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
neolithic/chalcolithic age (ca.	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
neoptolemus	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 190, 191
nikomedes i of bithynia	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
nonnos	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
odryssus	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
oracle (divine message)	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
oracles,delphic	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
orpheus	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
orphic,see mystery cults	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
pan	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
peion,galatian fortress	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
pellene	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
peloponnese	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
pelops	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
pergamon,attalids	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
pericles	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
persia/persians	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
persians	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191
pessinous	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280, 283
phrygia and phrygians,as home of kingship	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
phrygia and phrygians,as stereotype	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
phrygia and phrygians,dominion of	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
phye	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
phylakos and autonoos	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191
polybius	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191
pompeius trogus	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 191
porphyry	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
prestige	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
ptolemaios ii philadelphos	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
pythagoras and pythagoreans	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
rhea	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
sacrifice,to the mother of the gods	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
salamis	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
samothracian mysteries	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
satyr	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
satyrs	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
scyrus	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
seilenus,midas and	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
silenus	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159; de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
sositheus tragicus	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
stephanos of byzantium	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
sulla,lucius cornelius	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
syrian wars,first syrian war	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
sōteria	Gagne (2021), Cosmography and the Idea of Hyperborea in Ancient Greece, 190
taxes,galatian syntaxis	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
tektosages,galatian tribe	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
themisonion	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
thermopylai,battle at	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18
theseus	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
thrace	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
timotheus'	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 280
timotheus	Bremmer (2008), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible, and the Ancient Near East, 283
tolistoagii or tolistobogii,galatian tribe	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
tomb,of metragyrtes	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
trokmoi,galatian tribe	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
tumulus,of midas	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
vermaseren,maarten j.	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
wine,wine-god	de Jáuregui (2010), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 265
women	Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 159
wycherley,richard ernest	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 59
xenophanes of colophon	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
xenophon of athens,on persians	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
xenophon of athens,on religious customs and institutions	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
xerxes	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 18; Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
zeus,cults and shrines of	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71
zeus	Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 71