1. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 3 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
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2. Hebrew Bible, 1 Kings, 19.16 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 19.16. וְאֵת יֵהוּא בֶן־נִמְשִׁי תִּמְשַׁח לְמֶלֶךְ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶת־אֱלִישָׁע בֶּן־שָׁפָט מֵאָבֵל מְחוֹלָה תִּמְשַׁח לְנָבִיא תַּחְתֶּיךָ׃ | 19.16. and Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel; and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room." |
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3. Hebrew Bible, 1 Samuel, 16.12-16.13 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 16.12. וַיִּשְׁלַח וַיְבִיאֵהוּ וְהוּא אַדְמוֹנִי עִם־יְפֵה עֵינַיִם וְטוֹב רֹאִי וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה קוּם מְשָׁחֵהוּ כִּי־זֶה הוּא׃ 16.13. וַיִּקַּח שְׁמוּאֵל אֶת־קֶרֶן הַשֶּׁמֶן וַיִּמְשַׁח אֹתוֹ בְּקֶרֶב אֶחָיו וַתִּצְלַח רוּחַ־יְהוָה אֶל־דָּוִד מֵהַיּוֹם הַהוּא וָמָעְלָה וַיָּקָם שְׁמוּאֵל וַיֵּלֶךְ הָרָמָתָה׃ | 16.12. And he sent, and brought him in. Now he was ruddy, with fine eyes, and good looking. And the Lord said, Arise, anoint him: for this is he." 16.13. Then Shemu᾽el took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brothers; and the spirit of the Lord came upon David from that day onwards. So Shemu᾽el rose up, and went to Rama." |
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4. Anon., Testament of Solomon, 1.7, 2.1, 3.6 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. CE)
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5. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q444, 0 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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6. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q560, 0 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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7. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 8.42-8.49 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 8.42. 5. Now the sagacity and wisdom which God had bestowed on Solomon was so great, that he exceeded the ancients; insomuch that he was no way inferior to the Egyptians, who are said to have been beyond all men in understanding; nay, indeed, it is evident that their sagacity was very much inferior to that of the king’s. 8.42. Accordingly Ahab appears to have been deceived thereby, till he disbelieved those that foretold his defeat; but, by giving credit to such as foretold what was grateful to him, was slain; and his son Ahaziah succeeded him. 8.43. He also excelled and distinguished himself in wisdom above those who were most eminent among the Hebrews at that time for shrewdness; those I mean were Ethan, and Heman, and Chalcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol. 8.44. He also composed books of odes and songs a thousand and five, of parables and similitudes three thousand; for he spake a parable upon every sort of tree, from the hyssop to the cedar; and in like manner also about beasts, about all sorts of living creatures, whether upon the earth, or in the seas, or in the air; for he was not unacquainted with any of their natures, nor omitted inquiries about them, but described them all like a philosopher, and demonstrated his exquisite knowledge of their several properties. 8.45. God also enabled him to learn that skill which expels demons, which is a science useful and sanative to men. He composed such incantations also by which distempers are alleviated. And he left behind him the manner of using exorcisms, by which they drive away demons, so that they never return; 8.46. and this method of cure is of great force unto this day; for I have seen a certain man of my own country, whose name was Eleazar, releasing people that were demoniacal in the presence of Vespasian, and his sons, and his captains, and the whole multitude of his soldiers. The manner of the cure was this: 8.47. He put a ring that had a root of one of those sorts mentioned by Solomon to the nostrils of the demoniac, after which he drew out the demon through his nostrils; and when the man fell down immediately, he abjured him to return into him no more, making still mention of Solomon, and reciting the incantations which he composed. 8.48. And when Eleazar would persuade and demonstrate to the spectators that he had such a power, he set a little way off a cup or basin full of water, and commanded the demon, as he went out of the man, to overturn it, and thereby to let the spectators know that he had left the man; 8.49. and when this was done, the skill and wisdom of Solomon was shown very manifestly: for which reason it is, that all men may know the vastness of Solomon’s abilities, and how he was beloved of God, and that the extraordinary virtues of every kind with which this king was endowed may not be unknown to any people under the sun for this reason, I say, it is that we have proceeded to speak so largely of these matters. |
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8. New Testament, Acts, 16.16-16.24, 19.11-19.20 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 16.16. It happened, as we were going to prayer, that a certain girl having a spirit of divination met us, who brought her masters much gain by fortune telling. 16.17. The same, following after Paul and us, cried out, "These men are servants of the Most High God, who proclaim to us the way of salvation! 16.18. This she did for many days. But Paul, becoming greatly annoyed, turned and said to the spirit, "I charge you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her!" It came out that very hour. 16.19. But when her masters saw that the hope of their gain was gone, they seized Paul and Silas, and dragged them into the marketplace before the rulers. 16.20. When they had brought them to the magistrates, they said, "These men, being Jews, are agitating our city 16.21. and set forth customs which it is not lawful for us to accept or to observe, being Romans. 16.22. The multitude rose up together against them, and the magistrates tore their clothes off of them, and commanded them to be beaten with rods. 16.23. When they had laid many stripes on them, they threw them into prison, charging the jailer to keep them safely 16.24. who, having received such a charge, threw them into the inner prison, and secured their feet in the stocks. 19.11. God worked special miracles by the hands of Paul 19.12. so that even handkerchiefs or aprons were carried away from his body to the sick, and the evil spirits went out. 19.13. But some of the itinerant Jews, exorcists, took on themselves to name over those who had the evil spirits the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, "We adjure you by Jesus whom Paul preaches. 19.14. There were seven sons of one Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, who did this. 19.15. The evil spirit answered, "Jesus I know, and Paul I know, but who are you? 19.16. The man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, and overpowered them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded. 19.17. This became known to all, both Jews and Greeks, who lived at Ephesus. Fear fell on them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified. 19.18. Many also of those who had believed came, confessing, and declaring their deeds. 19.19. Many of those who practiced magical arts brought their books together and burned them in the sight of all. They counted the price of them, and found it fifty thousand pieces of silver. 19.20. So the word of the Lord was growing and becoming mighty. |
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9. New Testament, John, 1.41 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.41. He first found his own brother, Simon, and said to him, "We have found the Messiah!" (which is, being interpreted, Christ). |
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10. New Testament, Luke, 4.31-4.41, 8.26-8.39, 9.37-9.43 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 4.31. He came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee. He was teaching them on the Sabbath day 4.32. and they were astonished at his teaching, for his word was with authority. 4.33. In the synagogue there was a man who had a spirit of an unclean demon, and he cried out with a loud voice 4.34. saying, "Ah! what have we to do with you, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know you who you are: the Holy One of God! 4.35. Jesus rebuked him, saying, "Be silent, and come out of him!" When the demon had thrown him down in their midst, he came out of him, having done him no harm. 4.36. Amazement came on all, and they spoke together, one with another, saying, "What is this word? For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits, and they come out! 4.37. News about him went out into every place of the surrounding region. 4.38. He rose up from the synagogue, and entered into Simon's house. Simon's mother-in-law was afflicted with a great fever, and they begged him for her. 4.39. He stood over her, and rebuked the fever; and it left her. Immediately she rose up and served them. 4.40. When the sun was setting, all those who had any sick with various diseases brought them to him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them. 4.41. Demons also came out from many, crying out, and saying, "You are the Christ, the Son of God!" Rebuking them, he didn't allow them to speak, because they knew that he was the Christ. 8.26. They arrived at the country of the Gadarenes, which is opposite Galilee. 8.27. When Jesus stepped ashore, a certain man out of the city who had demons for a long time met him. He wore no clothes, and didn't live in a house, but in the tombs. 8.28. When he saw Jesus, he cried out, and fell down before him, and with a loud voice said, "What do I have to do with you, Jesus, you Son of the Most High God? I beg you, don't torment me! 8.29. For Jesus was commanding the unclean spirit to come out of the man. For the unclean spirit had often seized the man. He was kept under guard, and bound with chains and fetters. Breaking the bands apart, he was driven by the demon into the desert. 8.30. Jesus asked him, "What is your name?"He said, "Legion," for many demons had entered into him. 8.31. They begged him that he would not command them to go into the abyss. 8.32. Now there was there a herd of many pigs feeding on the mountain, and they begged him that he would allow them to enter into those. He allowed them. 8.33. The demons came out from the man, and entered into the pigs, and the herd rushed down the steep bank into the lake, and were drowned. 8.34. When those who fed them saw what had happened, they fled, and told it in the city and in the country. 8.35. People went out to see what had happened. They came to Jesus, and found the man from whom the demons had gone out, sitting at Jesus' feet, clothed and in his right mind; and they were afraid. 8.36. Those who saw it told them how he who had been possessed by demons was healed. 8.37. All the people of the surrounding country of the Gadarenes asked him to depart from them, for they were very much afraid. He entered into the boat, and returned. 8.38. But the man from whom the demons had gone out begged him that he might go with him, but Jesus sent him away, saying 8.39. Return to your house, and declare what great things God has done for you." He went his way, proclaiming throughout the whole city what great things Jesus had done for him. 9.37. It happened on the next day, when they had come down from the mountain, that a great multitude met him. 9.38. Behold, a man from the crowd called out, saying, "Teacher, I beg you to look at my son, for he is my only child. 9.39. Behold, a spirit takes him, he suddenly cries out, and it convulses him so that he foams, and it hardly departs from him, bruising him severely. 9.40. I begged your disciples to cast it out, and they couldn't. 9.41. Jesus answered, "Faithless and perverse generation, how long shall I be with you and bear with you? Bring your son here. 9.42. While he was still coming, the demon threw him down and convulsed him violently. But Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, and healed the boy, and gave him back to his father. 9.43. They were all astonished at the majesty of God. But while all were marveling at all the things which Jesus did, he said to his disciples |
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11. New Testament, Mark, 1.24-1.26, 1.43, 2.12, 5.1-5.20, 9.17-9.29 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.24. saying, "Ha! What do we have to do with you, Jesus, you Nazarene? Have you come to destroy us? I know you who you are: the Holy One of God! 1.25. Jesus rebuked him, saying, "Be quiet, and come out of him! 1.26. The unclean spirit, convulsing him and crying with a loud voice, came out of him. 1.43. He strictly warned him, and immediately sent him out 2.12. He arose, and immediately took up the mat, and went out in front of them all; so that they were all amazed, and glorified God, saying, "We never saw anything like this! 5.1. They came to the other side of the sea, into the country of the Gadarenes. 5.2. When he had come out of the boat, immediately there met him out of the tombs a man with an unclean spirit 5.3. who had his dwelling in the tombs. Nobody could bind him any more, not even with chains 5.4. because he had been often bound with fetters and chains, and the chains had been torn apart by him, and the fetters broken in pieces. Nobody had the strength to tame him. 5.5. Always, night and day, in the tombs and in the mountains, he was crying out, and cutting himself with stones. 5.6. When he saw Jesus from afar, he ran and bowed down to him 5.7. and crying out with a loud voice, he said, "What have I to do with you, Jesus, you Son of the Most High God? I adjure you by God, don't torment me. 5.8. For he said to him, "Come out of the man, you unclean spirit! 5.9. He asked him, "What is your name?"He said to him, "My name is Legion, for we are many. 5.10. He begged him much that he would not send them away out of the country. 5.11. Now there was on the mountainside a great herd of pigs feeding. 5.12. All the demons begged him, saying, "Send us into the pigs, that we may enter into them. 5.13. At once Jesus gave them permission. The unclean spirits came out and entered into the pigs. The herd of about two thousand rushed down the steep bank into the sea, and they were drowned in the sea. 5.14. Those who fed them fled, and told it in the city and in the country. The people came to see what it was that had happened. 5.15. They came to Jesus, and saw him who had been possessed by demons sitting, clothed, and in his right mind, even him who had the legion; and they were afraid. 5.16. Those who saw it declared to them how it happened to him who was possessed by demons, and about the pigs. 5.17. They began to beg him to depart from their region. 5.18. As he was entering into the boat, he who had been possessed by demons begged him that he might be with him. 5.19. He didn't allow him, but said to him, "Go to your house, to your friends, and tell them what great things the Lord has done for you, and how he had mercy on you. 5.20. He went his way, and began to proclaim in Decapolis how Jesus had done great things for him, and everyone marveled. 9.17. One of the multitude answered, "Teacher, I brought to you my son, who has a mute spirit; 9.18. and wherever it seizes him, it throws him down, and he foams at the mouth, and grinds his teeth, and wastes away. I asked your disciples to cast it out, and they weren't able. 9.19. He answered him, "Unbelieving generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I bear with you? Bring him to me. 9.20. They brought him to him, and when he saw him, immediately the spirit convulsed him, and he fell on the ground, wallowing and foaming at the mouth. 9.21. He asked his father, "How long has it been since this has come to him?"He said, "From childhood. 9.22. often it has cast him both into the fire and into the water, to destroy him. But if you can do anything, have compassion on us, and help us. 9.23. Jesus said to him, "If you can believe, all things are possible to him who believes. 9.24. Immediately the father of the child cried out with tears, "I believe. Help my unbelief! 9.25. When Jesus saw that a multitude came running together, he rebuked the unclean spirit, saying to him, "You mute and deaf spirit, I command you, come out of him, and never enter him again! 9.26. Having cried out, and convulsed greatly, it came out of him. The boy became like one dead; so much that most of them said, "He is dead. 9.27. But Jesus took him by the hand, and raised him up; and he arose. 9.28. When he had come into the house, his disciples asked him privately, "Why couldn't we cast it out? 9.29. He said to them, "This kind can come out by nothing, except by prayer and fasting. |
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12. New Testament, Matthew, 4.23-4.25, 8.16, 12.22-12.24, 15.22-15.28, 17.14-17.18 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 4.23. Jesus went about in all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every disease and every sickness among the people. 4.24. The report about him went out into all Syria. They brought to him all who were sick, afflicted with various diseases and torments, possessed with demons, epileptics, and paralytics; and he healed them. 4.25. Great multitudes from Galilee, Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea and from beyond the Jordan followed him. 8.16. When evening came, they brought to him many possessed with demons. He cast out the spirits with a word, and healed all who were sick; 12.22. Then one possessed by a demon, blind and mute, was brought to him and he healed him, so that the blind and mute man both spoke and saw. 12.23. All the multitudes were amazed, and said, "Can this be the son of David? 12.24. But when the Pharisees heard it, they said, "This man does not cast out demons, except by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons. 15.22. Behold, a Canaanite woman came out from those borders, and cried, saying, "Have mercy on me, Lord, you son of David! My daughter is severely demonized! 15.23. But he answered her not a word. His disciples came and begged him, saying, "Send her away; for she cries after us. 15.24. But he answered, "I wasn't sent to anyone but the lost sheep of the house of Israel. 15.25. But she came and worshiped him, saying, "Lord, help me. 15.26. But he answered, "It is not appropriate to take the children's bread and throw it to the dogs. 15.27. But she said, "Yes, Lord, but even the dogs eat the crumbs which fall from their masters' table. 15.28. Then Jesus answered her, "Woman, great is your faith! Be it done to you even as you desire." And her daughter was healed from that hour. 17.14. When they came to the multitude, a man came to him, kneeling down to him, saying 17.15. Lord, have mercy on my son, for he is epileptic, and suffers grievously; for he often falls into the fire, and often into the water. 17.16. So I brought him to your disciples, and they could not cure him. 17.17. Jesus answered, "Faithless and perverse generation! How long will I be with you? How long will I bear with you? Bring him here to me. 17.18. Jesus rebuked him, the demon went out of him, and the boy was cured from that hour. |
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13. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 30.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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14. Anon., The Acts of John, 57 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
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15. Anon., Acts of Thomas, 44, 46, 77, 32 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
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16. Anon., Acts of John, 57 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
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17. Anon., Acts of Peter, 11 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
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18. Anon., Acts of Philip, 8.4 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
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19. Lucian, The Lover of Lies, 16 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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20. Nag Hammadi, The Apocryphon of John, 10 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
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21. Philostratus The Athenian, Life of Apollonius, 3.38, 4.18, 4.20 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
| 3.38. THIS discussion was interrupted by the appearance among the sages of the messenger bringing in certain Indians who were in want of succor. And he brought forward a poor woman who interceded in behalf of her child, who was, she said, a boy of sixteen years of age, but had been for two years possessed by a devil. Now the character of the devil was that of a mocker and a liar. Here one of the sages asked, why she said this, and she replied: This child of mine is extremely good-looking, and therefore the devil is amorous of him and will not allow him to retain his reason, nor will he permit him to go to school, or to learn archery, nor even to remain at home, but drives him out into desert places. And the boy does not even retain his own voice, but speaks in a deep hollow tone, as men do; and he looks at you with other eyes rather than with his own. As for myself I weep over all this and I tear my cheeks, and I rebuke my son so far as I well may; but he does not know me. And I made my mind to repair hither, indeed I planned to do so a year ago; only the demon discovered himself using my child as a mask, and what he told me was this, that he was the ghost of man, who fell long ago in battle, but that at death he was passionately attached to his wife. Now he had been dead for only three days when his wife insulted their union by marrying another man, and the consequence was that he had come to detest the love of women, and had transferred himself wholly into this boy. But he promised, if I would only not denounce him to yourselves, to endow the child with many noble blessings. As for myself, I was influenced by these promises; but he has put me off and off for such a long time now, that he has got sole control of my household, yet has no honest or true intentions. Here the sage asked afresh, if the boy was at hand; and she said not, for, although she had done all she could to get him to come with her, the demon had threatened her with steep places and precipices and declared that he would kill her son, in case, she added, I haled him hither for trial. Take courage, said the sage, for he will not slay him when he has read this. And so saying he drew a letter out of his bosom and gave it to the woman; and the letter, it appears, was addressed to the ghost and contained threats of an alarming kind. 4.18. It was then the day of the Epidaurian festival, at which it is still customary for the Athenians to hold the initiation at a second sacrifice after both proclamation and victims have been offered; and this custom was instituted in honor of Asclepius, because they still initiated him when on one occasion he arrived from Epidaurus too late for the mysteries. Now most people neglected the initiation and hung around Apollonius, and thought more of doing that than of being perfected in their religion before they went home; but Apollonius said that he would join them later on, and urged them to attend at once to the rites of the religion, for that he himself would be initiated. But the hierophant was not disposed to admit him to the rites, for he said that he would never initiate a wizard and charlatan, nor open the Eleusinian rite to a man who dabbled in impure rites. Thereupon Apollonius, fully equal to the occasion, said: You have not yet mentioned the chief of my offense, which is that knowing, as I do, more about the initiatory rite than you do yourself, I have nevertheless come for initiation to you, as if you were wiser than I am. The bystanders applauded these words, and deemed that he had answered with vigor and like himself; and thereupon the hierophant, since he saw that his exclusion of Apollonius was not by any means popular with the crowd, changed his tone and said: Be thou initiated, for thou seemest to be some wise man who has come here. But Apollonius replied: I will be initiated at another time, and it is so and so, mentioning a name, who will initiate me. Herein he showed his gift of prevision, for he glanced at the hierophant who succeeded the one he addressed, and presided over the sanctuary four years later. 4.20. Now while he was discussing the question of libations, there chanced to be present in his audience a young dandy who bore so evil a reputation for licentiousness that his conduct had long been the subject of coarse street-corner songs. His home was Corcyra, and he traced his pedigree to Alcinous the Phaeacian who entertained Odysseus. Apollonius then was talking about libations, and was urging them not to drink out of a particular cup, but to reserve it for the gods, without ever touching it or drinking out of it. But when he also urged them to have handles on the cup, and to pour the libation over the handle, because that is the part at which men are least likely to drink, the youth burst out into loud and coarse laughter, and quite drowned his voice. Then Apollonius looked up and said: It is not yourself that perpetrates this insult, but the demon, who drives you without your knowing it. And in fact the youth was, without knowing it, possessed by a devil; for he would laugh at things that no one else laughed at, and then would fall to weeping for no reason at all, and he would talk and sing to himself. Now most people thought that it was boisterous humor of youth which led him into excesses; but he was really the mouthpiece of a devil, though it only seemed a drunken frolic in which on that occasion he was indulging. Now, when Apollonius gazed on him, the ghost in him began to utter cries of fear and rage, such as one hears from people who are being branded or racked; and the ghost swore that he would leave the you man alone and never take possession of any man again. But Apollonius addressed him with anger, as a master might a shifty, rascally, and shameless slave and so on, and he ordered him to quit the young man and show by a visible sign that he had done so. I will throw down yonder statue, said the devil, and pointed to one of the images which were there in the Royal Stoa, for there it was that the scene took place. But when the statue began by moving gently, and then fell down, it would defy anyone to describe the hubbub which arose thereat and the way they clapped their hand with wonder. But the young man rubbed his eyes as if he had just woke up, and he looked towards the rays of the sun, and assumed a modest aspect, as all had their attention concentrated on him; for he no longer showed himself licentious, nor did he stare madly about, but he had returned to his own self, as thoroughly as if he had been treated with drugs; and he gave up his dainty dress and summery garments and the rest of his sybaritic way of life, and he fell in love with the austerity of philosophers, and donned their cloak, and stripping off his old self modeled his life and future upon that of Apollonius. |
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22. Babylonian Talmud, Meilah, 17b (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
| 17b. ילך ר' שמעון בן יוחאי שהוא מלומד בנסים ואחריו מי ילך ר"א בר ר' יוסי,אמר להם רבי יוסי ואילו היה אבא חלפתא קיים יכולין אתם לומר לו תן בנך להריגה אמר להם ר' שמעון אילו היה יוחאי אבא קיים יכולין אתם לומר לו תן בנך להריגה,אמר להו רבי יוסי אנא אזלין דלמא עניש ליה ר' שמעון דקא מסתפינא קביל עליה דלא ליענשיה אפילו הכי ענשיה,כשהיו מהלכין בדרך נשאלה שאלה זו בפניהם מנין לדם השרץ שהוא טמא עקם פיו ר' אלעזר בר רבי יוסי ואמר (ויקרא יא, כט) וזה לכם הטמא אמר ליה ר' שמעון מעקימת שפתיך אתה ניכר שתלמיד חכם אתה אל יחזור הבן אצל אביו,יצא לקראתו בן תמליון רצונכם אבוא עמכם בכה ר' שמעון ואמר מה שפחה של בית אבא נזדמן לה מלאך שלש פעמים ואני לא פעם אחת יבא הנס מכל מקום,קדים הוא על בברתיה דקיסר כי מטא התם אמר בן תמליון צא בן תמליון צא וכיון דקרו ליה נפק אזל אמר להון שאילו כל מה דאית לכון למישאל ועיילינהו לגנזיה לשקול כל דבעו אשכחו ההוא איגרא שקלוה וקרעוה,והיינו דאמר רבי אלעזר בר רבי יוסי אני ראיתיה בעיר [רומי] והוו עליה כמה טיפי דמים, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big הפיגול והנותר אין מצטרפין מפני שהן שני שמות השרץ והנבלה וכן הנבלה ובשר המת אין מצטרפין זה עם זה לטמא אפילו בקל שבשניהן, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל לא שנו אלא לטומאת הידים דמדרבנן היא אבל לענין אכילה מצטרפין דתניא ר' אליעזר אומר (שמות כט, לד) לא יאכל כי קדש הוא כל שבקדש פסול בא הכתוב ליתן לא תעשה על אכילתו, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big האוכל שנטמא באב הטומאה ושנטמא בולד הטומאה מצטרפין זה עם זה לטמא בקל שבשניהם כל האוכלים מצטרפין זה עם זה לפסול הגוייה כבחצי פרס כבמזון,שתי סעודות לעירוב וכביצה לטמא טומאת אוכלין וכגרוגרת להוצאת שבת וככותבת ביום הכפורים כל המשקין מצטרפין זו עם זו לפסול את הגוייה ברביעית וכמלא לוגמא ביום הכפורים, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big תניא רבי שמעון אומר מה טעם שאפשר לשני שיעשה ראשון ומי קא עביד שני ראשון הא לא אפשר,אמר רבא הכי קאמר מי גרם לשני לאו ראשון רב אשי אמר ראשון ושני לגבי שלישי בני חדא ביקתא אינון: | 17b. Let bRabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai goto Rome, bas he is accustomed toexperiencing bmiracles. And who shall go after him,i.e., with him? bRabbi Elazar bar Rabbi Yosei. /b,When bRabbi Yosei,Rabbi Elazar’s father, heard this suggestion, he bsaid tothe Sages: bBut if Abba Ḥalafta,my father, bwere alive,would byou be able to say to him: Give your son to be killed?If so, how can you ask me to send my son to Rome, where he is likely to be killed? bRabbi Shimon said tothe Sages: bIf Yoḥai,my bfather, were alive,would byou be able to say to him: Give your son to be killed?Nevertheless, I am prepared to risk my life and go to Rome, and if so, Rabbi Elazar bar Rabbi Yosei should accompany me.,Upon hearing this, bRabbi Yosei said tothe Sages: If so, bI will goin place of my son. I do not want him to go with Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai, basthis is what bI fear:My son Elazar is young and quick to answer, and I am concerned blest Rabbi Shimon,who is hot-tempered, will become angry with him and bpunishhim. Rabbi Shimon baccepted upon himself that he would not punishRabbi Elazar. The Gemara notes that beven so,Rabbi Shimon did bpunish himwhile they were on their journey.,Why did Rabbi Shimon end up punishing Rabbi Elazar? bWhen they were walking on the road, thisfollowing bquestion was asked before them: From whereis it derived bwith regard to blood of a creeping animal that it is impure? Rabbi Elazar bar Rabbi Yosei twisted his mouthto whisper band said:It is derived from the verse: b“And these are they that are impurefor you among the creeping animals” (Leviticus 11:29). Although Rabbi Elazar tried to whisper so that Rabbi Shimon would not hear, bRabbi Shimon said to him: From the twisting of your mouthand your answer bit is clearthat byou are a Torah scholar.Nevertheless, it is prohibited for a student to issue a ruling of ihalakhain the presence of his teacher. Therefore, I curse you that bthe son will not returnfrom this journey bto his father. /b,The Gemara continues the story: As they were journeying, a demon named bben Temalyon emerged to greet them.He said to them: Do byou wishthat bIwill join you and bcome with youin order to help nullify this decree? When he saw that a demon was coming to help save the Jewish people, bRabbi Shimon cried and said: What,even for ba maidservant ofmy bfather’s home,Hagar the Egyptian, who was Abraham’s handmaid, ban angel was made availableto appear bto her three timesto help her. Each of the three mentions of “and the angel of the Lord said unto her” (Genesis 16:9–11) in the story of Hagar is understood as a reference to a different angel. bBut Iapparently do bnotdeserve assistance from an angel even bone time,but only help from a demon. bIn any case, let the miracle comeand save the Jewish people, even if only through a demon.,The demon ben Temalyon went bbeforethem and bascended into the emperor’s daughterand possessed her. bWhenRabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai barrived there,the emperor’s palace, bhe said: Ben Temalyon, emerge! Ben Temalyon, emerge! And onceRabbi Shimon bcalledto bhim,ben Temalyon bemerged and leftthe emperor’s daughter, and she was cured. When the emperor saw that Rabbi Shimon had cured his daughter, bhe said to them: Askfrom me banyreward bthat you want to ask. And he took them up to his treasury to take whatever they wanted. They found that letterthere that contained the decrees against the Jewish people, and bthey took it and tore itup, and thereby nullified the decrees.,The Gemara adds: bAnd this isthe background for that bwhich Rabbi Elazar bar Rabbi Yosei said( iYoma57a): bI sawthe Curtain of the Sanctuary bin the city of Rome, and onthe Curtain bwere several drops of bloodfrom the bull and the goat of Yom Kippur. When the emperor took them into his treasury Rabbi Elazar saw the Temple vessels that the Romans had captured when they conquered Jerusalem, including the Curtain., strongMISHNA: /strong Sacrificial meat that is ipiggulandsacrificial meat that is inotardo not join togetherto constitute the requisite measure of an olive-bulk, bdue tothe fact bthat theybelong to btwoseparate bcategoriesof prohibition. The flesh of the carcass of bthe creeping animal andthe flesh of bthe animal carcass, and likewisethe flesh of bthe animal carcass and the flesh of the corpse, do not join together to transmit ritual impurity,not beven for themore blenient of the twoimpurities, i.e., the impurity that requires the greater measure., strongGEMARA: /strong bRav Yehuda saysthat bShmuel says:The mishna btaughtthat ipigguland inotardo not join together bonly with regard tothe ritual bimpurity of the handsif one touched them, which bis by rabbinic law. But with regard tothe bmatter of eating, they do join together. As it is taughtin a ibaraitathat bRabbi Eliezer says:The verse states with regard to leftover sacrificial food from meat and bread: b“It shall not be eaten because it is sacred”(Exodus 29:34). This teaches with regard to banything sacredthat has been bdisqualifiedfor whatever reason, that bthe verse comes to apply a prohibition with regard to its consumption. /b, strongMISHNA: /strong bThe food that became ritually impurethrough contact bwith a primary source of ritual impurity,thereby assuming first-degree ritual impurity, bandthe food bthat became ritually impurethrough contact bwith a secondary source of ritual impurity,thereby assuming second-degree ritual impurity, bjoin togetherto constitute the requisite measure of an egg-bulk bto transmit impurity in accordance with themore blenient of the two,i.e., second-degree ritual impurity. bAll theritually impure bfoods join togetherto constitute the requisite measure bto disqualify the body [ ihageviyya /i]of one who eats bhalf of a half-loaf-bulk [ iperas /i]of the impure foods from partaking of iteruma /i.,Likewise, all foods join together to constitute the requisite measure bof foodsufficient for btwo meals, toestablish ba joining ofShabbat bboundaries; andto form the requisite measure bof an egg-bulk, to renderan item bimpurewith bthe ritual impurity of food; andto form the measure bofa dried bfig-bulk,which establishes liability bfor carrying outfood on bShabbat; andto form the volume bof a large date,which establishes liability for eating bon Yom Kippur. All the liquids join togetherto constitute the requisite measure bto disqualify the body ofone who drinks ba quarter- ilog /iof ritually impure liquid from partaking of iteruma /i; bandto constitute the measure bof a cheekful,which establishes liability for drinking bon Yom Kippur. /b, strongGEMARA: /strong It bis taughtin a ibaraitathat bRabbi Shimon says: What is the reasonthat food with first-degree ritual impurity joins together with food that has second-degree ritual impurity? The reason is bthat it is possible forthe food with bsecond- /bdegree impurity bto renderanother food impure with bfirst- /bdegree impurity. The Gemara asks: bBut cana food with bsecond- /bdegree impurity brenderanother food impure with bfirst- /bdegree impurity? That is bnot possible.If food impure with second-degree impurity touches other food, it renders that food impure with third-degree impurity, not first-degree impurity., bRava saidthat bthisis what Rabbi Shimon bis saying: What causedthat food to become impure with bsecond- /bdegree impurity? Is it bnotthat it was touched by food with bfirst- /bdegree impurity? Since they share a common source, they join together. bRav Ashisimilarly bsaid:Food impure with bfirst- /bdegree impurity bandfood impure with bsecond- /bdegree impurity, bwith regard tofood impure with bthird- /bdegree impurity, bareconsidered like bmembers of one house,i.e., they both lead to third-degree impurity, either directly or indirectly, and for this reason they join together. |
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23. Papyri, Papyri Graecae Magicae, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 2.17, 2.18, 2.19, 2.20, 2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.26, 2.27, 2.28, 2.29, 2.30, 2.31, 2.32, 2.33, 2.34, 2.35, 2.36, 2.37, 2.38, 2.39, 2.40, 2.41, 2.42, 2.43, 2.44, 2.45, 2.46, 2.47, 2.48, 2.49, 2.50, 2.51, 2.52, 2.53, 2.54, 2.55, 2.56, 2.57, 2.58, 2.59, 2.60, 2.61, 2.62, 2.63, 2.64, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15, 3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22, 3.23, 3.24, 3.25, 3.26, 3.27, 3.28, 3.29, 3.30, 3.31, 3.32, 3.33, 3.34, 3.35, 3.36, 3.37, 3.38, 3.39, 3.40, 3.41, 3.42, 3.43, 3.44, 3.45, 3.46, 3.47, 3.48, 3.49, 3.50, 3.51, 3.52, 3.53, 3.54, 3.55, 3.56, 3.57, 3.58, 3.59, 3.60, 3.61, 3.62, 3.63, 3.64, 3.65, 3.66, 3.67, 3.68, 3.69, 3.70, 3.71, 3.72, 3.73, 3.74, 3.75, 3.76, 3.77, 3.78, 3.79, 3.80, 3.81, 3.82, 3.83, 3.84, 3.85, 3.86, 3.87, 3.88, 3.89, 3.90, 3.91, 3.92, 3.93, 3.94, 3.95, 3.96, 3.97, 3.98, 3.99, 3.100, 3.101, 3.102, 3.103, 3.104, 3.105, 3.106, 3.107, 3.108, 3.109, 3.110, 3.111, 3.112, 3.113, 3.114, 3.115, 3.116, 3.117, 3.118, 3.119, 3.120, 3.121, 3.122, 3.123, 3.124, 3.125, 3.126, 3.127, 3.128, 3.129, 3.130, 3.131, 3.132, 3.133, 3.134, 3.135, 3.136, 3.137, 3.138, 3.139, 3.140, 3.141, 3.142, 3.143, 3.144, 3.145, 3.146, 3.147, 3.148, 3.149, 3.150, 3.151, 3.152, 3.153, 3.154, 3.155, 3.156, 3.157, 3.158, 3.159, 3.160, 3.161, 3.162, 3.163, 3.164, 3.291, 3.292, 3.293, 3.294, 3.295, 3.296, 3.297, 3.298, 3.299, 3.300, 3.301, 3.302, 3.303, 3.304, 3.305, 3.306, 3.307, 3.308, 3.309, 3.310, 3.328, 3.329, 3.330, 3.331, 3.335, 4.26, 4.27, 4.28, 4.29, 4.30, 4.31, 4.32, 4.33, 4.34, 4.35, 4.36, 4.37, 4.38, 4.39, 4.40, 4.41, 4.42, 4.43, 4.44, 4.45, 4.46, 4.47, 4.48, 4.49, 4.50, 4.51, 4.52, 4.53, 4.54, 4.55, 4.56, 4.57, 4.58, 4.59, 4.60, 4.61, 4.62, 4.63, 4.64, 4.65, 4.66, 4.67, 4.68, 4.69, 4.70, 4.71, 4.72, 4.73, 4.74, 4.75, 4.76, 4.77, 4.78, 4.79, 4.80, 4.81, 4.82, 4.83, 4.84, 4.85, 4.154, 4.155, 4.156, 4.157, 4.158, 4.159, 4.160, 4.161, 4.162, 4.163, 4.164, 4.165, 4.166, 4.167, 4.168, 4.169, 4.170, 4.171, 4.172, 4.173, 4.174, 4.175, 4.176, 4.177, 4.178, 4.179, 4.180, 4.181, 4.182, 4.183, 4.184, 4.185, 4.186, 4.187, 4.188, 4.189, 4.190, 4.191, 4.192, 4.193, 4.194, 4.195, 4.196, 4.197, 4.198, 4.199, 4.200, 4.201, 4.202, 4.203, 4.204, 4.205, 4.206, 4.207, 4.208, 4.209, 4.210, 4.211, 4.212, 4.213, 4.214, 4.215, 4.216, 4.217, 4.218, 4.219, 4.220, 4.221, 4.222, 4.223, 4.224, 4.225, 4.226, 4.227, 4.228, 4.229, 4.230, 4.231, 4.232, 4.233, 4.234, 4.235, 4.236, 4.237, 4.238, 4.239, 4.240, 4.241, 4.242, 4.243, 4.244, 4.245, 4.246, 4.247, 4.248, 4.249, 4.250, 4.251, 4.252, 4.253, 4.254, 4.255, 4.256, 4.257, 4.258, 4.259, 4.260, 4.261, 4.262, 4.263, 4.264, 4.265, 4.266, 4.267, 4.268, 4.269, 4.270, 4.271, 4.272, 4.273, 4.274, 4.275, 4.276, 4.277, 4.278, 4.279, 4.280, 4.281, 4.282, 4.283, 4.284, 4.285, 4.475, 4.476, 4.477, 4.478, 4.479, 4.480, 4.481, 4.482, 4.483, 4.484, 4.485, 4.486, 4.487, 4.488, 4.489, 4.490, 4.491, 4.492, 4.493, 4.494, 4.495, 4.496, 4.497, 4.498, 4.499, 4.500, 4.501, 4.502, 4.503, 4.504, 4.505, 4.506, 4.507, 4.508, 4.509, 4.510, 4.511, 4.512, 4.513, 4.514, 4.515, 4.516, 4.517, 4.518, 4.519, 4.520, 4.521, 4.522, 4.523, 4.524, 4.525, 4.526, 4.527, 4.528, 4.529, 4.530, 4.531, 4.532, 4.533, 4.534, 4.535, 4.536, 4.537, 4.538, 4.539, 4.540, 4.541, 4.542, 4.543, 4.544, 4.545, 4.546, 4.547, 4.548, 4.549, 4.550, 4.551, 4.552, 4.553, 4.554, 4.555, 4.556, 4.557, 4.558, 4.559, 4.560, 4.561, 4.562, 4.563, 4.564, 4.565, 4.566, 4.567, 4.568, 4.569, 4.570, 4.571, 4.572, 4.573, 4.574, 4.575, 4.576, 4.577, 4.578, 4.579, 4.580, 4.581, 4.582, 4.583, 4.584, 4.585, 4.586, 4.587, 4.588, 4.589, 4.590, 4.591, 4.592, 4.593, 4.594, 4.595, 4.596, 4.597, 4.598, 4.599, 4.600, 4.601, 4.602, 4.603, 4.604, 4.605, 4.606, 4.607, 4.608, 4.609, 4.610, 4.611, 4.612, 4.613, 4.614, 4.615, 4.616, 4.617, 4.618, 4.619, 4.620, 4.621, 4.622, 4.623, 4.624, 4.625, 4.626, 4.627, 4.628, 4.629, 4.630, 4.631, 4.632, 4.633, 4.634, 4.635, 4.636, 4.637, 4.638, 4.639, 4.640, 4.641, 4.642, 4.643, 4.644, 4.645, 4.646, 4.647, 4.648, 4.649, 4.650, 4.651, 4.652, 4.653, 4.654, 4.655, 4.656, 4.657, 4.658, 4.659, 4.660, 4.661, 4.662, 4.663, 4.664, 4.665, 4.666, 4.667, 4.668, 4.669, 4.670, 4.671, 4.672, 4.673, 4.674, 4.675, 4.676, 4.677, 4.678, 4.679, 4.680, 4.681, 4.682, 4.683, 4.684, 4.685, 4.686, 4.687, 4.688, 4.689, 4.690, 4.691, 4.692, 4.693, 4.694, 4.695, 4.696, 4.697, 4.698, 4.699, 4.700, 4.701, 4.702, 4.703, 4.704, 4.705, 4.706, 4.707, 4.708, 4.709, 4.710, 4.711, 4.712, 4.713, 4.714, 4.715, 4.716, 4.717, 4.718, 4.719, 4.720, 4.721, 4.722, 4.723, 4.724, 4.725, 4.726, 4.727, 4.728, 4.729, 4.730, 4.731, 4.732, 4.733, 4.734, 4.735, 4.736, 4.737, 4.738, 4.739, 4.740, 4.741, 4.742, 4.743, 4.744, 4.745, 4.746, 4.747, 4.748, 4.749, 4.750, 4.751, 4.752, 4.753, 4.754, 4.755, 4.756, 4.757, 4.758, 4.759, 4.760, 4.761, 4.762, 4.763, 4.764, 4.765, 4.766, 4.767, 4.768, 4.769, 4.770, 4.771, 4.772, 4.773, 4.774, 4.775, 4.776, 4.777, 4.778, 4.779, 4.780, 4.781, 4.782, 4.783, 4.784, 4.785, 4.786, 4.787, 4.788, 4.789, 4.790, 4.791, 4.792, 4.793, 4.794, 4.795, 4.796, 4.797, 4.798, 4.799, 4.800, 4.801, 4.802, 4.803, 4.804, 4.805, 4.806, 4.807, 4.808, 4.809, 4.810, 4.811, 4.812, 4.813, 4.814, 4.815, 4.816, 4.817, 4.818, 4.819, 4.820, 4.821, 4.822, 4.823, 4.824, 4.825, 4.826, 4.827, 4.828, 4.829, 4.850, 4.851, 4.852, 4.853, 4.854, 4.855, 4.856, 4.857, 4.858, 4.859, 4.860, 4.861, 4.862, 4.863, 4.864, 4.865, 4.866, 4.867, 4.868, 4.869, 4.870, 4.871, 4.872, 4.873, 4.874, 4.875, 4.876, 4.877, 4.878, 4.879, 4.880, 4.881, 4.882, 4.883, 4.884, 4.885, 4.886, 4.887, 4.888, 4.889, 4.890, 4.891, 4.892, 4.893, 4.894, 4.895, 4.896, 4.897, 4.898, 4.899, 4.900, 4.901, 4.902, 4.903, 4.904, 4.905, 4.906, 4.907, 4.908, 4.909, 4.910, 4.911, 4.912, 4.913, 4.914, 4.915, 4.916, 4.917, 4.918, 4.919, 4.920, 4.921, 4.922, 4.923, 4.924, 4.925, 4.926, 4.927, 4.928, 4.929, 4.930, 4.931, 4.932, 4.933, 4.934, 4.935, 4.936, 4.937, 4.938, 4.939, 4.940, 4.941, 4.942, 4.943, 4.944, 4.945, 4.946, 4.947, 4.948, 4.949, 4.950, 4.951, 4.952, 4.953, 4.954, 4.955, 4.956, 4.957, 4.958, 4.959, 4.960, 4.961, 4.962, 4.963, 4.964, 4.965, 4.966, 4.967, 4.968, 4.969, 4.970, 4.971, 4.972, 4.973, 4.974, 4.975, 4.976, 4.977, 4.978, 4.979, 4.980, 4.981, 4.982, 4.983, 4.984, 4.985, 4.986, 4.987, 4.988, 4.989, 4.990, 4.991, 4.992, 4.993, 4.994, 4.995, 4.996, 4.997, 4.998, 4.999, 4.1000, 4.1001, 4.1002, 4.1003, 4.1004, 4.1005, 4.1006, 4.1007, 4.1008, 4.1009, 4.1010, 4.1011, 4.1012, 4.1013, 4.1014, 4.1015, 4.1016, 4.1017, 4.1018, 4.1019, 4.1020, 4.1021, 4.1022, 4.1023, 4.1024, 4.1025, 4.1026, 4.1027, 4.1028, 4.1029, 4.1030, 4.1031, 4.1032, 4.1033, 4.1034, 4.1035, 4.1036, 4.1037, 4.1038, 4.1039, 4.1040, 4.1041, 4.1042, 4.1043, 4.1044, 4.1045, 4.1046, 4.1047, 4.1048, 4.1049, 4.1050, 4.1051, 4.1052, 4.1053, 4.1054, 4.1055, 4.1056, 4.1057, 4.1058, 4.1059, 4.1060, 4.1061, 4.1062, 4.1063, 4.1064, 4.1065, 4.1066, 4.1067, 4.1068, 4.1069, 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13.545, 13.546, 13.547, 13.548, 13.549, 13.550, 13.551, 13.552, 13.553, 13.554, 13.555, 13.556, 13.557, 13.558, 13.559, 13.560, 13.561, 13.562, 13.563, 13.564, 13.565, 13.566, 13.567, 13.568, 13.569, 13.570, 13.571, 13.572, 13.573, 13.574, 13.575, 13.576, 13.577, 13.578, 13.579, 13.580, 13.581, 13.582, 13.583, 13.584, 13.585, 13.586, 13.587, 13.588, 13.589, 13.590, 13.591, 13.592, 13.593, 13.594, 13.595, 13.596, 13.597, 13.598, 13.599, 13.600, 13.601, 13.602, 13.603, 13.604, 13.605, 13.606, 13.607, 13.608, 13.609, 13.610, 13.611, 13.612, 13.613, 13.614, 13.615, 13.616, 13.617, 13.618, 13.619, 13.620, 13.621, 13.622, 13.623, 13.624, 13.625, 13.626, 13.627, 13.628, 13.629, 13.630, 13.631, 13.632, 13.633, 13.634, 13.635, 13.636, 13.637, 13.638, 13.639, 13.640, 13.641, 13.642, 13.643, 13.644, 13.645, 13.646, 13.738, 38.1, 38.2, 38.3, 38.4, 38.5, 38.6, 38.7, 38.8, 38.9, 38.10, 38.11, 38.12, 38.13, 38.14, 38.15, 38.16, 38.17, 38.18, 38.19, 38.20, 38.21, 38.22, 38.23, 38.24, 38.25, 38.26, 20, 22b (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
|
