1. Cicero, Brutus, 186 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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2. Cicero, Brutus, 186 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 186. an censes, dum illi viguerunt quos ante dixi, non eosdem gradus oratorum vulgi iudicio et doctorum fuisse? De populo si quem ita rogavisses: Quis est in hac civitate eloquentissimus? in Antonio et Crasso aut dubitaret aut hunc alius, ilium alius diceret. Nemone Philippum tam suavem oratorem, tam gravem, tam facetum his anteferret, quem nosmet ipsi, qui haec arte aliqua volumus expendere, proximum illis fuisse diximus? Nemo profecto; id enim ipsum est summi oratoris summum oratorem populo videri. | |
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3. Cicero, On Divination, 1.101 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 1.101. Saepe etiam et in proeliis Fauni auditi et in rebus turbidis veridicae voces ex occulto missae esse dicuntur; cuius generis duo sint ex multis exempla, sed maxuma: Nam non multo ante urbem captam exaudita vox est a luco Vestae, qui a Palatii radice in novam viam devexus est, ut muri et portae reficerentur; futurum esse, nisi provisum esset, ut Roma caperetur. Quod neglectum tum, cum caveri poterat, post acceptam illam maximam cladem expiatum est; ara enim Aio Loquenti, quam saeptam videmus, exadversus eum locum consecrata est. Atque etiam scriptum a multis est, cum terrae motus factus esset, ut sue plena procuratio fieret, vocem ab aede Iunonis ex arce extitisse; quocirca Iunonem illam appellatam Monetam. Haec igitur et a dis significata et a nostris maioribus iudicata contemnimus? | 1.101. Again, we are told that fauns have often been heard in battle and that during turbulent times truly prophetic messages have been sent from mysterious places. Out of many instances of this class I shall give only two, but they are very striking. Not long before the capture of the city by the Gauls, a voice, issuing from Vestas sacred grove, which slopes from the foot of the Palatine Hill to New Road, was heard to say, the walls and gates must be repaired; unless this is done the city will be taken. Neglect of this warning, while it was possible to heed it, was atoned for after the supreme disaster had occurred; for, adjoining the grove, an altar, which is now to be seen enclosed with a hedge, was dedicated to Aius the Speaker. The other illustration has been reported by many writers. At the time of the earthquake a voice came from Junos temple on the citadel commanding that an expiatory sacrifice be made of a pregt sow. From this fact the goddess was called Juno the Adviser. Are we, then, lightly to regard these warnings which the gods have sent and our forefathers adjudged to be trustworthy? |
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4. Cicero, On The Nature of The Gods, 1.18 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 1.18. Hereupon Velleius began, in the confident manner (I need not say) that is customary with Epicureans, afraid of nothing so much as lest he should appear to have doubts about anything. One would have supposed he had just come down from the assembly of the gods in the intermundane spaces of Epicurus! "I am not going to expound to you doctrines that are mere baseless figments of the imagination, such as the artisan deity and world-builder of Plato's Timaeus, or that old hag of a fortune-teller, the Pronoia (which we may render 'Providence') of the Stoics; nor yet a world endowed with a mind and senses of its own, a spherical, rotatory god of burning fire; these are the marvels and monstrosities of philosophers who do not reason but dream. |
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5. Cicero, De Oratore, 3.196, 3.216, 3.225-3.227 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 3.196. Itaque non solum verbis arte positis moventur omnes, verum etiam numeris ac vocibus. Quotus enim quisque est qui teneat artem numerorum ac modorum? At in eis si paulum modo offensum est, ut aut contractione brevius fieret aut productione longius, theatra tota reclamant. Quid, hoc non idem fit in vocibus, ut a multitudine et populo non modo catervae atque concentus, sed etiam ipsi sibi singuli discrepantes eiciantur? 3.216. Omnis enim motus animi suum quendam a natura habet vultum et sonum et gestum; corpusque totum hominis et eius omnis vultus omnesque voces, ut nervi in fidibus, ita sot, ut a motu animi quoque sunt pulsae. Nam voces ut chordae sunt intentae, quae ad quemque tactum respondeant, acuta gravis, cita tarda, magna parva; quas tamen inter omnis est suo quoque in genere mediocris, atque etiam illa sunt ab his delapsa plura genera, leve asperum, contractum diffusum, continenti spiritu intermisso, fractum scissum, flexo sono extenuatum inflatum; 3.225. Quid, ad auris nostras et actionis suavitatem quid est vicissitudine et varietate et commutatione aptius? Itaque idem Gracchus, quod potes audire, Catule, ex Licinio cliente tuo, litterato homine, quem servum sibi ille habuit ad manum, cum eburneola solitus est habere fistula qui staret occulte post ipsum, cum contionaretur, peritum hominem, qui inflaret celeriter eum sonum, quo illum aut remissum excitaret aut a contentione revocaret.' 'Audivi me hercule,' inquit Catulus 'et saepe sum admiratus hominis cum diligentiam tum etiam doctrinam et scientiam.' 3.226. 'Ego vero,' inquit Crassus 'ac doleo quidem illos viros in eam fraudem in re publica esse delapsos; quamquam ea tela texitur et ea in civitate ratio vivendi posteritati ostenditur, ut eorum civium, quos nostri patres non tulerunt, iam similis habere cupiamus.' 'Mitte, obsecro,' inquit 'Crasse,' Iulius 'sermonem istum et te ad Gracchi fistulam refer; cuius ego nondum plane rationem intellego.' 3.227. 'In omni voce' inquit Crassus 'est quiddam medium, sed suum cuique voci: hinc gradatim ascendere vocem utile et suave est (nam a principio clamare agreste quiddam est), et idem illud ad firmandam est vocem salutare; deinde est quiddam contentionis extremum, quod tamen interius est, quam acutissimus clamor, quo te fistula progredi non sinet, et iam ab ipsa contentione revocabit; est item contra quiddam in remissione gravissimum quoque tamquam sonorum gradibus descenditur. Haec varietas et hic per omnis sonos vocis cursus et se tuebitur et actioni adferet suavitatem. Sed fistulatorem domi relinquetis, sensum huius consuetudinis vobiscum ad forum deferetis. | |
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6. Varro, On The Latin Language, 7.44 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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7. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 2.70 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 2.70. 1. The sixth division of his religious institutions was devoted to those the Romans call Salii, whom Numa himself appointed out of the patricians, choosing twelve young men of the most graceful appearance. These are the Salii whose holy things are deposited on the Palatine hill and who are themselves called the (Salii) Palatini; for the (Salii) Agonales, by some called the Salii Collini, the repository of whose holy things is on the Quirinal hill, were appointed after Numa's time by King Hostilius, in pursuance of a vow he had made in the war against the Sabines. All these Salii are a kind of dancers and singers of hymns in praise of the gods of war.,2. Their festival falls about the time of the Panathenaea, in the month which they call March, and is celebrated at the public expense for many days, during which they proceed through the city with their dances to the Forum and to the Capitol and to many other places both private and public. They wear embroidered tunics girt about with wide girdles of bronze, and over these are fastened, with brooches, robes striped with scarlet and bordered with purple, which they call trabeae; this garment is peculiar to the Romans and a mark of the greatest honour. On their heads they wear apices, as they are called, that is, high caps contracted into the shape of a cone, which the Greeks call kyrbasiai.,3. They have each of them a sword hanging at their girdle and in their right hand they hold a spear or a staff or something else of the sort, and on their left arm a Thracian buckler, which resembles a lozenge-shaped shield with its sides drawn in, such as those are said to carry who among the Greeks perform the sacred rites of the Curetes.,4. And, in my opinion at least, the Salii, if the word be translated into Greek, are Curetes, whom, because they are kouroi or "young men," we call by that name from their age, whereas the Romans call them Salii from their lively motions. For to leap and skip is by them called salire; and for the same reason they call all other dancers saltatores, deriving their name from the Salii, because their dancing also is attended by much leaping and capering.,5. Whether I have been well advised or not in giving them this appellation, anyone who pleases may gather from their actions. For they execute their movements in arms, keeping time to a flute, sometimes all together, sometimes by turns, and while dancing sing certain traditional hymns. But this dance and exercise performed by armed men and the noise they make by striking their bucklers with their daggers, if we may base any conjectures on the ancient accounts, was originated by the Curetes. I need not mention the legend which is related concerning them, since almost everybody is acquainted with it. |
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8. Livy, History, 10.47.6-10.47.7, 26.9.7 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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9. Livy, Per., 11 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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10. Ovid, Fasti, 2.649-2.655, 3.30 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 2.649. Then he nurses the first flames with dry bark 2.650. While a boy stands by and holds the wide basket. 2.651. When he’s thrown grain three times into the fire 2.652. The little daughter offers the sliced honeycombs. 2.653. Others carry wine: part of each is offered to the flames: 2.654. The crowd, dressed in white, watch silently. 2.655. Terminus, at the boundary, is sprinkled with lamb’s blood 3.30. Slipped from my hair, and fell down, in front of the sacred fire. |
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11. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.437, 1.477, 2.413, 5.110, 7.429, 8.744, 9.771, 13.623-14.608, 15.12, 15.13, 15.14, 15.15, 15.16, 15.17, 15.18, 15.19, 15.20, 15.21, 15.22, 15.23, 15.24, 15.25, 15.26, 15.27, 15.28, 15.29, 15.30, 15.31, 15.32, 15.33, 15.34, 15.35, 15.36, 15.37, 15.38, 15.39, 15.40, 15.41, 15.42, 15.43, 15.44, 15.45, 15.46, 15.47, 15.48, 15.49, 15.50, 15.51, 15.52, 15.53, 15.54, 15.55, 15.56, 15.57, 15.131, 15.487, 15.488, 15.489, 15.490, 15.491, 15.492, 15.493, 15.494, 15.495, 15.496, 15.497, 15.498, 15.499, 15.500, 15.501, 15.502, 15.503, 15.504, 15.505, 15.506, 15.507, 15.508, 15.509, 15.510, 15.511, 15.512, 15.513, 15.514, 15.515, 15.516, 15.517, 15.518, 15.519, 15.520, 15.521, 15.522, 15.523, 15.524, 15.525, 15.526, 15.527, 15.528, 15.529, 15.530, 15.531, 15.532, 15.533, 15.534, 15.535, 15.536, 15.537, 15.538, 15.539, 15.540, 15.541, 15.542, 15.543, 15.544, 15.545, 15.546, 15.622, 15.623, 15.624, 15.625, 15.626, 15.627, 15.628, 15.629, 15.630, 15.631, 15.632, 15.633, 15.634, 15.635, 15.636, 15.637, 15.638, 15.639, 15.640, 15.641, 15.642, 15.643, 15.644, 15.645, 15.646, 15.647, 15.648, 15.649, 15.650, 15.651, 15.652, 15.653, 15.654, 15.655, 15.656, 15.657, 15.658, 15.659, 15.660, 15.661, 15.662, 15.663, 15.664, 15.665, 15.666, 15.667, 15.668, 15.669, 15.670, 15.671, 15.672, 15.673, 15.674, 15.676, 15.677, 15.678, 15.679, 15.680, 15.681, 15.682, 15.683, 15.684, 15.685, 15.686, 15.687, 15.688, 15.689, 15.690, 15.691, 15.692, 15.693, 15.694, 15.695, 15.696, 15.697, 15.698, 15.699, 15.700, 15.701, 15.702, 15.703, 15.704, 15.705, 15.706, 15.707, 15.708, 15.709, 15.710, 15.711, 15.712, 15.713, 15.714, 15.715, 15.716, 15.717, 15.718, 15.719, 15.720, 15.721, 15.722, 15.723, 15.724, 15.725, 15.726, 15.727, 15.728, 15.729, 15.730, 15.731, 15.732, 15.733, 15.734, 15.735, 15.736, 15.737, 15.738, 15.739, 15.740, 15.741, 15.742, 15.743, 15.744, 15.745, 15.746, 15.747, 15.748, 15.749, 15.750, 15.751, 15.752, 15.753, 15.754, 15.755, 15.756, 15.757, 15.758, 15.759, 15.760, 15.761, 15.762, 15.763, 15.764, 15.765, 15.766, 15.767, 15.768, 15.769, 15.770, 15.771, 15.772, 15.773, 15.774, 15.775, 15.776, 15.777, 15.778, 15.779, 15.780, 15.781, 15.782, 15.783, 15.784, 15.785, 15.786, 15.787, 15.788, 15.789, 15.790, 15.791, 15.792, 15.793, 15.794, 15.795, 15.796, 15.797, 15.798, 15.799, 15.800, 15.801, 15.802, 15.803, 15.804, 15.805, 15.806, 15.807, 15.808, 15.809, 15.810, 15.811, 15.812, 15.813, 15.814, 15.815, 15.816, 15.817, 15.818, 15.819, 15.820, 15.821, 15.822, 15.823, 15.824, 15.825, 15.826, 15.827, 15.828, 15.829, 15.830, 15.831, 15.832, 15.833, 15.834, 15.835, 15.836, 15.837, 15.838, 15.839, 15.840, 15.841, 15.842, 15.843, 15.844, 15.845, 15.846, 15.847, 15.848, 15.849, 15.850, 15.851 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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12. Tibullus, Elegies, 2.2.2-2.2.10 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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13. Vergil, Aeneis, 1.480, 2.132-2.133, 2.156, 2.221, 2.296, 2.429-2.430, 3.62-3.64, 3.80-3.81, 3.173-3.174, 3.369-3.371, 5.296, 7.351, 7.418-7.419, 11.480-11.481 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 1.480. in all that land. Betwixt these twain there rose 2.132. Nor rest had he, till Calchas, as his tool,- 2.133. but why unfold this useless, cruel story? 2.156. the wild winds were appeased, when first ye came 2.221. I publish to the world. No fatherland 2.296. each dragon coiled, and on the shrinking flesh 2.429. eized on my soul. I only sought what way 3.62. was kin of thine. This blood is not of trees. 3.63. Haste from this murderous shore, this land of greed. 3.64. O, I am Polydorus! Haste away! 3.80. on all the gold. O, whither at thy will 3.81. curst greed of gold, may mortal hearts be driven? 3.173. if Jove but bless, the third day's dawn should see 3.174. our ships at Cretan land.” So, having said 3.369. or but vast birds, ill-omened and unclean. 3.370. Father Anchises to the gods in heaven 3.371. uplifted suppliant hands, and on that shore 5.296. with Mnestheus, cleaving her last stretch of sea 7.351. Thus having said, the sire took chosen steeds 7.419. So saying, with aspect terrible she sped 11.480. for peace, O Turnus! and, not less than peace 11.481. its one inviolable pledge. Behold |
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14. Lucan, Pharsalia, 2.31 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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15. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 28.11 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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16. Plutarch, Camillus, 6.1, 6.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 6.1. After he had utterly sacked the city, he determined to transfer the image of Juno to Rome, in accordance with his vows. The workmen were assembled for the purpose, and Camillus was sacrificing and praying the goddess to accept of their zeal and to be a kindly co-dweller with the gods of Rome, when the image, they say, spoke in low tones and said she was ready and willing. |
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17. Seneca The Younger, De Vita Beata (Dialogorum Liber Vii), 26.7 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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18. Tacitus, Histories, 1.86 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 1.86. Prodigies which were reported on various authorities also contributed to the general terror. It was said that in the vestibule of the Capitol the reins of the chariot in which Victory stood had fallen from the goddess's hands, that a superhuman form had rushed out of Juno's chapel, that a statue of the deified Julius on the island of the Tiber had turned from west to east on a bright calm day, that an ox had spoken in Etruria, that animals had given birth to strange young, and that many other things had happened which in barbarous ages used to be noticed even during peace, but which now are only heard of in seasons of terror. Yet the chief anxiety which was connected with both present disaster and future danger was caused by a sudden overflow of the Tiber which, swollen to a great height, broke down the wooden bridge and then was thrown back by the ruins of the bridge which dammed the stream, and overflowed not only the low-lying level parts of the city, but also parts which are normally free from such disasters. Many were swept away in the public streets, a larger number cut off in shops and in their beds. The common people were reduced to famine by lack of employment and failure of supplies. Apartment houses had their foundations undermined by the standing water and then collapsed when the flood withdrew. The moment people's minds were relieved of this danger, the very fact that when Otho was planning a military expedition, the Campus Martius and the Flaminian Way, over which he was to advance, were blocked against him was interpreted as a prodigy and an omen of impending disaster rather than as the result of chance or natural causes. |
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19. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 1.8.2 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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20. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 3.23.6-3.23.7 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 3.23.6. The country of the Boeatae is adjoined by Epidaurus Limera, distant some two hundred stades from Epidelium. The people say that they are not descended from the Lacedaemonians but from the Epidaurians of the Argolid, and that they touched at this point in Laconia when sailing on public business to Asclepius in Cos. Warned by dreams that appeared to them, they remained and settled here. 3.23.7. They also say that a snake, which they were bringing from their home in Epidaurus, escaped from the ship, and disappeared into the ground not far from the sea. As a result of the portent of the snake together with the vision in their dreams they resolved to remain and settle here. There are altars to Asclepius where the snake disappeared, with olive trees growing round them. |
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21. Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.9.12 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
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22. Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.9.12 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
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23. Servius, Commentary On The Aeneid, 10.538 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
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24. Justinian, Digest, 1.8.9.2 (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
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