1. Homer, Iliad, 1.352, 1.417-1.418, 18.50-18.64, 18.84-18.93 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
| 1.352. /Earnestly he prayed to his dear mother with hands outstretched:Mother, since you bore me, though to so brief a span of life, honour surely ought the Olympian to have given into my hands, Zeus who thunders on high; but now he has honoured me not a bit. Truly the son of Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon 1.417. /since your span of life is brief and endures no long time; but now you are doomed to a speedy death and are laden with sorrow above all men; therefore to an evil fate I bore you in our halls. Yet in order to tell this your word to Zeus who delights in the thunderbolt I will myself go to snowy Olympus, in hope that he may be persuaded. 1.418. /since your span of life is brief and endures no long time; but now you are doomed to a speedy death and are laden with sorrow above all men; therefore to an evil fate I bore you in our halls. Yet in order to tell this your word to Zeus who delights in the thunderbolt I will myself go to snowy Olympus, in hope that he may be persuaded. 18.50. /With these the bright cave was filled, and they all alike beat their breasts, and Thetis was leader in their lamenting:Listen, sister Nereids, that one and all ye may hear and know all the sorrows that are in my heart. Ah, woe is me unhappy, woe is me that bare to my sorrow the best of men 18.51. /With these the bright cave was filled, and they all alike beat their breasts, and Thetis was leader in their lamenting:Listen, sister Nereids, that one and all ye may hear and know all the sorrows that are in my heart. Ah, woe is me unhappy, woe is me that bare to my sorrow the best of men 18.52. /With these the bright cave was filled, and they all alike beat their breasts, and Thetis was leader in their lamenting:Listen, sister Nereids, that one and all ye may hear and know all the sorrows that are in my heart. Ah, woe is me unhappy, woe is me that bare to my sorrow the best of men 18.53. /With these the bright cave was filled, and they all alike beat their breasts, and Thetis was leader in their lamenting:Listen, sister Nereids, that one and all ye may hear and know all the sorrows that are in my heart. Ah, woe is me unhappy, woe is me that bare to my sorrow the best of men 18.54. /With these the bright cave was filled, and they all alike beat their breasts, and Thetis was leader in their lamenting:Listen, sister Nereids, that one and all ye may hear and know all the sorrows that are in my heart. Ah, woe is me unhappy, woe is me that bare to my sorrow the best of men 18.55. /for after I had borne a son peerless and stalwart, pre-eminent among warriors, and he shot up like a sapling; then when I had reared him as a tree in a rich orchard plot, I sent him forth in the beaked ships to Ilios to war with the Trojans; but never again shall I welcome him 18.56. /for after I had borne a son peerless and stalwart, pre-eminent among warriors, and he shot up like a sapling; then when I had reared him as a tree in a rich orchard plot, I sent him forth in the beaked ships to Ilios to war with the Trojans; but never again shall I welcome him 18.57. /for after I had borne a son peerless and stalwart, pre-eminent among warriors, and he shot up like a sapling; then when I had reared him as a tree in a rich orchard plot, I sent him forth in the beaked ships to Ilios to war with the Trojans; but never again shall I welcome him 18.58. /for after I had borne a son peerless and stalwart, pre-eminent among warriors, and he shot up like a sapling; then when I had reared him as a tree in a rich orchard plot, I sent him forth in the beaked ships to Ilios to war with the Trojans; but never again shall I welcome him 18.59. /for after I had borne a son peerless and stalwart, pre-eminent among warriors, and he shot up like a sapling; then when I had reared him as a tree in a rich orchard plot, I sent him forth in the beaked ships to Ilios to war with the Trojans; but never again shall I welcome him 18.60. /back to his home, to the house of Peleus. And while yet he liveth, and beholdeth the light of the sun, he hath sorrow, neither can I anywise help him, though I go to him. Howbeit go I will, that I may behold my dear child, and hear what grief has come upon him while yet he abideth aloof from the war. 18.61. /back to his home, to the house of Peleus. And while yet he liveth, and beholdeth the light of the sun, he hath sorrow, neither can I anywise help him, though I go to him. Howbeit go I will, that I may behold my dear child, and hear what grief has come upon him while yet he abideth aloof from the war. 18.62. /back to his home, to the house of Peleus. And while yet he liveth, and beholdeth the light of the sun, he hath sorrow, neither can I anywise help him, though I go to him. Howbeit go I will, that I may behold my dear child, and hear what grief has come upon him while yet he abideth aloof from the war. 18.63. /back to his home, to the house of Peleus. And while yet he liveth, and beholdeth the light of the sun, he hath sorrow, neither can I anywise help him, though I go to him. Howbeit go I will, that I may behold my dear child, and hear what grief has come upon him while yet he abideth aloof from the war. 18.64. /back to his home, to the house of Peleus. And while yet he liveth, and beholdeth the light of the sun, he hath sorrow, neither can I anywise help him, though I go to him. Howbeit go I will, that I may behold my dear child, and hear what grief has come upon him while yet he abideth aloof from the war. 18.84. /but what pleasure have I therein, seeing my dear comrade is dead, even Patroclus, whom I honoured above all my comrades, even as mine own self? Him have I lost, and his armour Hector that slew him hath stripped from him, that fair armour, huge of size, a wonder to behold, that the gods gave as a glorious gift to Peleus 18.85. /on the day when they laid thee in the bed of a mortal man. Would thou hadst remained where thou wast amid the immortal maidens of the sea, and that Peleus had taken to his home a mortal bride. But now—it was thus that thou too mightest have measureless grief at heart for thy dead son, whom thou shalt never again welcome 18.86. /on the day when they laid thee in the bed of a mortal man. Would thou hadst remained where thou wast amid the immortal maidens of the sea, and that Peleus had taken to his home a mortal bride. But now—it was thus that thou too mightest have measureless grief at heart for thy dead son, whom thou shalt never again welcome 18.87. /on the day when they laid thee in the bed of a mortal man. Would thou hadst remained where thou wast amid the immortal maidens of the sea, and that Peleus had taken to his home a mortal bride. But now—it was thus that thou too mightest have measureless grief at heart for thy dead son, whom thou shalt never again welcome 18.88. /on the day when they laid thee in the bed of a mortal man. Would thou hadst remained where thou wast amid the immortal maidens of the sea, and that Peleus had taken to his home a mortal bride. But now—it was thus that thou too mightest have measureless grief at heart for thy dead son, whom thou shalt never again welcome 18.89. /on the day when they laid thee in the bed of a mortal man. Would thou hadst remained where thou wast amid the immortal maidens of the sea, and that Peleus had taken to his home a mortal bride. But now—it was thus that thou too mightest have measureless grief at heart for thy dead son, whom thou shalt never again welcome 18.90. /to his home; for neither doth my own heart bid me live on and abide among men, unless Hector first, smitten by my spear, shall lose his life, and pay back the price for that he made spoil of Patroclus, son of Menoetius. Then Thetis again spake unto him, shedding tears the while: 18.91. /to his home; for neither doth my own heart bid me live on and abide among men, unless Hector first, smitten by my spear, shall lose his life, and pay back the price for that he made spoil of Patroclus, son of Menoetius. Then Thetis again spake unto him, shedding tears the while: 18.92. /to his home; for neither doth my own heart bid me live on and abide among men, unless Hector first, smitten by my spear, shall lose his life, and pay back the price for that he made spoil of Patroclus, son of Menoetius. Then Thetis again spake unto him, shedding tears the while: 18.93. /to his home; for neither doth my own heart bid me live on and abide among men, unless Hector first, smitten by my spear, shall lose his life, and pay back the price for that he made spoil of Patroclus, son of Menoetius. Then Thetis again spake unto him, shedding tears the while: |
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2. Homer, Odyssey, 24.47-24.49 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
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3. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 562-886, 561 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 561. τίς γῆ; τί γένος; τίνα φῶ λεύσσειν | 561. What land is this? What people? By what name am I to call the one I see exposed to the tempest in bonds of rock? What offence have you committed that as punishment you are doomed to destruction? |
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4. Aeschylus, Suppliant Women, 541-573, 540 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 540. λειμῶνα βούχιλον, ἔνθεν Ἰὼ | 540. into that pasture, from which Io, tormented by the gad-fly’s sting, fled in frenzy, traversing many tribes of men, and |
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5. Herodotus, Histories, 2.41, 2.59 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 2.41. All Egyptians sacrifice unblemished bulls and bull-calves; they may not sacrifice cows: these are sacred to Isis. ,For the images of Isis are in woman's form, horned like a cow, exactly as the Greeks picture Io, and cows are held by far the most sacred of all beasts of the herd by all Egyptians alike. ,For this reason, no Egyptian man or woman will kiss a Greek man, or use a knife, or a spit, or a cauldron belonging to a Greek, or taste the flesh of an unblemished bull that has been cut up with a Greek knife. ,Cattle that die are dealt with in the following way. Cows are cast into the river, bulls are buried by each city in its suburbs, with one or both horns uncovered for a sign; then, when the carcass is decomposed, and the time appointed is at hand, a boat comes to each city from the island called Prosopitis, ,an island in the Delta, nine schoeni in circumference. There are many other towns on Prosopitis; the one from which the boats come to gather the bones of the bulls is called Atarbekhis; a temple of Aphrodite stands in it of great sanctity. ,From this town many go out, some to one town and some to another, to dig up the bones, which they then carry away and all bury in one place. As they bury the cattle, so do they all other beasts at death. Such is their ordice respecting these also; for they, too, may not be killed. 2.59. The Egyptians hold solemn assemblies not once a year, but often. The principal one of these and the most enthusiastically celebrated is that in honor of Artemis at the town of Bubastis , and the next is that in honor of Isis at Busiris. ,This town is in the middle of the Egyptian Delta, and there is in it a very great temple of Isis, who is Demeter in the Greek language. ,The third greatest festival is at Saïs in honor of Athena; the fourth is the festival of the sun at Heliopolis, the fifth of Leto at Buto, and the sixth of Ares at Papremis. |
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6. Ovid, Epistulae (Heroides), 14.86 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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7. Ovid, Fasti, 4.623, 5.605-5.618 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
| 5.605. The day before the Ides is marked by Taurus lifting 5.606. His starry muzzle. The sign’s explained by a familiar tale. 5.607. Jupiter, as a bull, offered his back to a Tyrian girl 5.608. And carried horns on his deceptive forehead. 5.609. Europa grasped his hair in her right hand, her drapery 5.610. In her left, while fear itself lent her fresh grace. 5.611. The breeze filled her dress, ruffled her blonde hair: 5.612. Sidonian girl, like that, you were fit to be seen by Jove. 5.613. often girlishly she withdrew her feet from the sea 5.614. Fearing the touch of the leaping billows: 5.615. often the god knowingly plunged his back in the waves 5.616. So that she’d cling to his neck more tightly. 5.617. Reaching shore, the god was no longer a bull 5.618. Jupiter stood there, without the horns. |
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8. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.473, 1.474, 1.475, 1.476, 1.477, 1.478, 1.479, 1.480, 1.481, 1.482, 1.483, 1.484, 1.485, 1.486, 1.487, 1.488, 1.489, 1.490, 1.491, 1.492, 1.493, 1.494, 1.495, 1.496, 1.497, 1.498, 1.499, 1.500, 1.501, 1.502, 1.503, 1.504, 1.505, 1.506, 1.507, 1.508, 1.509, 1.510, 1.511, 1.512, 1.513, 1.514, 1.515, 1.516, 1.517, 1.518, 1.519, 1.520, 1.521, 1.522, 1.523, 1.524, 1.525, 1.526, 1.527, 1.528, 1.529, 1.530, 1.531, 1.532, 1.533, 1.534, 1.535, 1.536, 1.537, 1.538, 1.539, 1.540, 1.541, 1.542, 1.543, 1.544, 1.545, 1.546, 1.547, 1.548, 1.549, 1.550, 1.551, 1.552, 1.553, 1.554, 1.555, 1.556, 1.557, 1.558, 1.559, 1.560, 1.561, 1.562, 1.563, 1.564, 1.565, 1.566, 1.567, 1.578, 1.583, 1.584, 1.585, 1.586, 1.587, 1.588, 1.589, 1.590, 1.591, 1.592, 1.593, 1.594, 1.595, 1.596, 1.597, 1.598, 1.599, 1.600, 1.601, 1.602, 1.603, 1.604, 1.605, 1.606, 1.607, 1.609, 1.610, 1.611, 1.612, 1.613, 1.614, 1.615, 1.616, 1.617, 1.618, 1.619, 1.620, 1.621, 1.622, 1.623, 1.624, 1.625, 1.626, 1.627, 1.628, 1.629, 1.630, 1.631, 1.632, 1.633, 1.634, 1.635, 1.636, 1.637, 1.638, 1.639, 1.640, 1.641, 1.642, 1.643, 1.644, 1.645, 1.646, 1.647, 1.648, 1.649, 1.650, 1.651, 1.652, 1.653, 1.654, 1.655, 1.656, 1.657, 1.658, 1.659, 1.660, 1.661, 1.662, 1.663, 1.664, 1.665, 1.666, 1.667, 1.668, 1.669, 1.670, 1.671, 1.672, 1.673, 1.674, 1.675, 1.676, 1.677, 1.678, 1.679, 1.680, 1.681, 1.682, 1.683, 1.684, 1.685, 1.686, 1.687, 1.688, 1.689, 1.690, 1.691, 1.692, 1.693, 1.694, 1.695, 1.696, 1.697, 1.698, 1.699, 1.700, 1.701, 1.702, 1.703, 1.704, 1.705, 1.706, 1.707, 1.708, 1.709, 1.710, 1.711, 1.712, 1.713, 1.714, 1.715, 1.716, 1.717, 1.718, 1.719, 1.720, 1.721, 1.722, 1.723, 1.724, 1.725, 1.726, 1.727, 1.728, 1.729, 1.730, 1.731, 1.732, 1.733, 1.734, 1.735, 1.736, 1.737, 1.738, 1.739, 1.740, 1.741, 1.742, 1.743, 1.744, 1.745, 1.746, 1.747, 1.748, 1.749, 1.750, 2.401, 2.402, 2.403, 2.405, 2.409, 2.410, 2.415, 2.416, 2.417, 2.418, 2.419, 2.420, 2.421, 2.422, 2.423, 2.424, 2.425, 2.426, 2.427, 2.428, 2.429, 2.430, 2.431, 2.432, 2.433, 2.434, 2.435, 2.436, 2.437, 2.438, 2.439, 2.440, 2.441, 2.442, 2.443, 2.451, 2.452, 2.836-3.2, 2.850, 2.851, 2.852, 2.853, 2.854, 2.855, 2.856, 2.857, 2.858, 2.859, 2.860, 2.861, 2.862, 2.863, 2.864, 2.865, 2.866, 2.867, 2.868, 2.869, 2.870, 2.871, 2.872, 2.873, 2.874, 2.875, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 6.103, 6.104, 6.105, 6.106, 6.107, 9.666, 9.667, 9.668, 9.669, 9.670, 9.671, 9.672, 9.673, 9.674, 9.675, 9.676, 9.677, 9.678, 9.679, 9.680, 9.681, 9.682, 9.683, 9.684, 9.685, 9.686, 9.687, 9.688, 9.689, 9.690, 9.691, 9.692, 9.693, 9.694, 9.695, 9.696, 9.697, 9.698, 9.699, 9.700, 9.701, 9.702, 9.703, 9.704, 9.705, 9.706, 9.707, 9.708, 9.709, 9.710, 9.711, 9.712, 9.713, 9.714, 9.715, 9.716, 9.717, 9.718, 9.719, 9.720, 9.721, 9.722, 9.723, 9.724, 9.725, 9.726, 9.727, 9.728, 9.729, 9.730, 9.731, 9.732, 9.733, 9.734, 9.735, 9.736, 9.737, 9.738, 9.739, 9.740, 9.741, 9.742, 9.743, 9.744, 9.745, 9.746, 9.747, 9.748, 9.749, 9.750, 9.751, 9.752, 9.753, 9.754, 9.755, 9.756, 9.757, 9.758, 9.759, 9.760, 9.761, 9.762, 9.763, 9.764, 9.765, 9.766, 9.767, 9.768, 9.769, 9.770, 9.771, 9.772, 9.773, 9.774, 9.775, 9.776, 9.777, 9.778, 9.779, 9.780, 9.781, 9.782, 9.783, 9.784, 9.785, 9.786, 9.787, 9.788, 9.789, 9.790, 9.791, 9.792, 9.793, 9.794, 9.795, 9.796, 9.797, 15.815 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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9. Vergil, Aeneis, 5.166 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 5.166. in triple order rise. Sergestus, he |
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10. Vergil, Eclogues, 6.47-6.52 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 6.47. little by little; and how the earth amazed 6.48. beheld the new sun shining, and the shower 6.49. fall, as the clouds soared higher, what time the wood 6.50. 'gan first to rise, and living things to roam 6.51. cattered among the hills that knew them not. 6.52. Then sang he of the stones by Pyrrha cast |
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11. Vergil, Georgics, 4.461-4.463 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 4.461. “His feet may tread the threshold even of Gods.” 4.462. So saying, she bids the flood yawn wide and yield 4.463. A pathway for his footsteps; but the wave |
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12. Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 2.1.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 2.1.3. Ἄργου δὲ καὶ Ἰσμήνης τῆς Ἀσωποῦ παῖς Ἴασος, 2 -- οὗ φασιν Ἰὼ γενέσθαι. Κάστωρ δὲ ὁ συγγράψας τὰ χρονικὰ καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν τραγικῶν Ἰνάχου τὴν Ἰὼ λέγουσιν· Ἡσίοδος δὲ καὶ Ἀκουσίλαος Πειρῆνος αὐτήν φασιν εἶναι. ταύτην ἱερωσύνην τῆς Ἥρας ἔχουσαν Ζεὺς ἔφθειρε. φωραθεὶς δὲ ὑφʼ Ἥρας τῆς μὲν κόρης ἁψάμενος εἰς βοῦν μετεμόρφωσε λευκήν, ἀπωμόσατο δὲ ταύτῃ 1 -- μὴ συνελθεῖν· διό φησιν Ἡσίοδος οὐκ ἐπισπᾶσθαι τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν ὀργὴν τοὺς γινομένους ὅρκους ὑπὲρ ἔρωτος. Ἥρα δὲ αἰτησαμένη παρὰ Διὸς τὴν βοῦν φύλακα αὐτῆς κατέστησεν Ἄργον τὸν πανόπτην, ὃν Φερεκύδης 2 -- μὲν Ἀρέστορος λέγει, Ἀσκληπιάδης δὲ Ἰνάχου, Κέρκωψ 3 -- δὲ Ἄργου καὶ Ἰσμήνης τῆς Ἀσωποῦ θυγατρός· Ἀκουσίλαος δὲ γηγενῆ αὐτὸν λέγει. οὗτος ἐκ τῆς ἐλαίας ἐδέσμευεν αὐτὴν ἥτις ἐν τῷ Μυκηναίων ὑπῆρχεν ἄλσει. Διὸς δὲ ἐπιτάξαντος Ἑρμῇ κλέψαι τὴν βοῦν, μηνύσαντος Ἱέρακος, ἐπειδὴ λαθεῖν οὐκ ἠδύνατο, λίθῳ βαλὼν ἀπέκτεινε τὸν Ἄργον, ὅθεν ἀργειφόντης ἐκλήθη. Ἥρα δὲ τῇ βοῒ οἶστρον ἐμβάλλει ἡ δὲ πρῶτον ἧκεν εἰς τὸν ἀπʼ ἐκείνης Ἰόνιον κόλπον κληθέντα, ἔπειτα διὰ τῆς Ἰλλυρίδος πορευθεῖσα καὶ τὸν Αἷμον ὑπερβαλοῦσα διέβη τὸν τότε μὲν καλούμενον πόρον Θρᾴκιον, νῦν δὲ ἀπʼ ἐκείνης Βόσπορον. ἀπελθοῦσα 4 -- δὲ εἰς Σκυθίαν καὶ τὴν Κιμμερίδα γῆν, πολλὴν χέρσον πλανηθεῖσα καὶ πολλὴν διανηξαμένη θάλασσαν Εὐρώπης τε καὶ Ἀσίας, τελευταῖον ἧκεν 1 -- εἰς Αἴγυπτον, ὅπου τὴν ἀρχαίαν μορφὴν ἀπολαβοῦσα γεννᾷ παρὰ τῷ Νείλῳ ποταμῷ Ἔπαφον παῖδα. τοῦτον δὲ Ἥρα δεῖται Κουρήτων ἀφανῆ ποιῆσαι· οἱ δὲ ἠφάνισαν αὐτόν. καὶ Ζεὺς μὲν αἰσθόμενος κτείνει Κούρητας, Ἰὼ δὲ ἐπὶ ζήτησιν τοῦ παιδὸς ἐτράπετο. πλανωμένη δὲ κατὰ τὴν Συρίαν ἅπασαν (ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἐμηνύετο ὅτι 2 -- ἡ 3 -- τοῦ Βυβλίων βασιλέως γυνὴ 4 -- ἐτιθήνει τὸν υἱόν) καὶ τὸν Ἔπαφον εὑροῦσα, εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐλθοῦσα ἐγαμήθη Τηλεγόνῳ τῷ βασιλεύοντι τότε Αἰγυπτίων. ἱδρύσατο δὲ ἄγαλμα Δήμητρος, ἣν ἐκάλεσαν Ἶσιν Αἰγύπτιοι, καὶ τὴν Ἰὼ Ἶσιν ὁμοίως προσηγόρευσαν. | |
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13. Statius, Thebais, 2.656 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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14. Valerius Flaccus Gaius, Argonautica, 1.549-1.551, 2.445-2.578, 4.42-4.43, 4.344-4.422 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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