Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

8585

Ovid, Fasti, 5.573-5.577
‘si mihi bellandi pater est Vestaeque sacerdos Loyal troops standing here, conspirators over there
auctor, et ulcisci numen utrumque paro: He stretched his hand out, and spoke these words:
Mars, ades et satia scelerato sanguine ferrum ‘If the death of my ‘father’ Julius, priest of Vesta
stetque favor causa pro meliore tuus. Gives due cause for this war, if I avenge for both
templa feres et, me victore, vocaberis Ultor.’ Come, Mars, and stain the sword with evil blood

Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

10 results
1. Augustus, Res Gestae Divi Augusti, 34.1-34.2 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
2. Horace, Odes, 3.30.1-3.30.5 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
3. Ovid, Fasti, 1.102, 1.587-1.616, 1.709-1.723, 2.533-2.570, 3.697-3.710, 4.953, 5.441, 5.444-5.450, 5.457-5.465, 5.470-5.472, 5.476, 5.479-5.480, 5.485-5.492, 5.517-5.518, 5.549-5.572, 5.574-5.596, 5.605-5.618, 6.349-6.394, 6.419-6.424, 6.431-6.432, 6.435-6.436, 6.465-6.468 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) 1.102. Over the days, and remember my speech. 1.587. offers to the flames the entrails of a gelded ram: 1.588. All the provinces were returned to our people 1.589. And your grandfather was given the name Augustus. 1.590. Read the legends on wax images in noble halls 1.591. Such titles were never bestowed on men before. 1.592. Here Africa named her conqueror after herself: 1.593. Another witnesses to Isaurian or Cretan power tamed: 1.594. This makes glory from Numidians, that Messana 1.595. While the next drew his fame from Numantia. 1.596. Drusus owed his death and glory to Germany – 1.597. Alas, how brief that great virtue was! 1.598. If Caesar was to take his titles from the defeated 1.599. He would need as many names as tribes on earth. 1.600. Some have earned fame from lone enemies 1.601. Named from a torque won or a raven-companion. 1.602. Pompey the Great, your name reflects your deeds 1.603. But he who defeated you was greater still. 1.604. No surname ranks higher than that of the Fabii 1.605. Their family was called Greatest for their services. 1.606. Yet these are human honours bestowed on all. 1.607. Augustus alone has a name that ranks with great Jove. 1.608. Sacred things are called august by the senators 1.609. And so are temples duly dedicated by priestly hands. 1.610. From the same root comes the word augury 1.611. And Jupiter augments things by his power. 1.612. May he augment our leader’s empire and his years 1.613. And may the oak-leaf crown protect his doors. 1.614. By the god’s auspices, may the father’s omen 1.615. Attend the heir of so great a name, when he rules the world. 1.616. When the third sun looks back on the past Ides 1.709. This day is the second from the month’s end. 1.710. Come, Peace, your graceful tresses wreathed 1.711. With laurel of Actium: stay gently in this world. 1.712. While we lack enemies, or cause for triumphs: 1.713. You’ll be a greater glory to our leaders than war. 1.714. May the soldier be armed to defend against arms 1.715. And the trumpet blare only for processions. 1.716. May the world far and near fear the sons of Aeneas 1.717. And let any land that feared Rome too little, love her. 1.718. Priests, add incense to the peaceful flames 1.719. Let a shining sacrifice fall, brow wet with wine 1.720. And ask the gods who favour pious prayer 1.721. That the house that brings peace, may so endure. 1.722. Now the first part of my labour is complete 1.723. And as its month ends, so does this book. 2.533. And the grave must be honoured. Appease your fathers’ 2.534. Spirits, and bring little gifts to the tombs you built. 2.535. Their shades ask little, piety they prefer to costly 2.536. offerings: no greedy deities haunt the Stygian depths. 2.537. A tile wreathed round with garlands offered is enough 2.538. A scattering of meal, and a few grains of salt 2.539. And bread soaked in wine, and loose violets: 2.540. Set them on a brick left in the middle of the path. 2.541. Not that I veto larger gifts, but these please the shades: 2.542. Add prayers and proper words to the fixed fires. 2.543. This custom was brought to your lands, just Latinus 2.544. By Aeneas, a fitting promoter of piety. 2.545. He brought solemn gifts to his father’s spirit: 2.546. From him the people learned the pious rites. 2.547. But once, waging a long war with fierce weapons 2.548. They neglected the Parentalia, Festival of the Dead. 2.549. It did not go unpunished: they say from that ominous day 2.550. Rome grew hot from funeral fires near the City. 2.551. I scarcely believe it, but they say that ancestral spirit 2.552. Came moaning from their tombs in the still of night 2.553. And misshapen spirits, a bodiless throng, howled 2.554. Through the City streets, and through the broad fields. 2.555. Afterwards neglected honour was paid to the tombs 2.556. And there was an end to the portents, and the funerals. 2.557. But while these rites are enacted, girls, don’t marry: 2.558. Let the marriage torches wait for purer days. 2.559. And virgin, who to your mother seem ripe for love 2.560. Don’t let the curved spear comb your tresses. 2.561. Hymen, hide your torches, and carry them far 2.562. From these dark fires! The gloomy tomb owns other torches. 2.563. And hide the gods, closing those revealing temple doors 2.564. Let the altars be free of incense, the hearths without fire. 2.565. Now ghostly spirits and the entombed dead wander 2.566. Now the shadow feeds on the nourishment that’s offered. 2.567. But it only lasts till there are no more days in the month 2.568. Than the feet (eleven) that my metres possess. 2.569. This day they call the Feralia because they bear (ferunt) 2.570. offerings to the dead: the last day to propitiate the shades. 3.697. Our leader, when Vesta spoke from her pure hearth: 3.698. Don’t hesitate to recall them: he was my priest 3.699. And those sacrilegious hands sought me with their blades. 3.700. I snatched him away, and left a naked semblance: 3.701. What died by the steel, was Caesar’s shadow.’ 3.702. Raised to the heavens he found Jupiter’s halls 3.703. And his is the temple in the mighty Forum. 3.704. But all the daring criminals who in defiance 3.705. of the gods, defiled the high priest’s head 3.706. Have fallen in merited death. Philippi is witness 3.707. And those whose scattered bones whiten its earth. 3.708. This work, this duty, was Augustus’ first task 3.709. Avenging his father by the just use of arms. 3.710. When the next dawn has revived the tender grass 4.953. Decked with branches of oak: one place holds three eternal gods. 5.441. He says this nine times without looking back: the shade 5.444. And asks the spirit to leave his house. 5.445. When nine times he’s cried: ‘Ancestral spirit, depart,’ 5.446. He looks back, and believes the sacred rite’s fulfilled. 5.447. Why the day’s so called, and the origin of the name 5.448. Escapes me: that’s for some god to discover. 5.449. Mercury, son of the Pleiad, explain it to me, by your 5.450. Potent wand: you’ve often seen Stygian Jove’s halls. 5.457. Then at twilight they returned home grieving 5.458. And flung themselves on the hard couch, just as it lay. 5.459. The bloodstained ghost of Remus seemed to stand 5.460. By the bed, speaking these words in a faint murmur: 5.461. ‘Behold, I who was half, the other part of your care 5.462. See what I am, and know what I was once! 5.463. If the birds had signalled the throne was mine 5.464. I might have been highest, ruling over the people 5.465. Now I’m an empty phantom, gliding from the fire: 5.470. O how gentle she was in comparison! 5.471. Savage Celer, wounded, may you yield your cruel spirit 5.472. And bloodstained as I am, sink beneath the earth. 5.476. To signal a day of celebration in my honour.’ 5.479. When the phantom fleeing dispelled their sleep 5.480. They both told the king of his brother’s words. 5.485. And soon the silent spirits were called Lemures too: 5.486. That’s the meaning of the word, that’s its force. 5.487. And the ancients closed the temples on these days 5.488. As you see them shut still at the season of the dead. 5.489. It’s a time when it’s not suitable for widows or virgin 5.490. To wed: she who marries then won’t live long. 5.491. And if you attend to proverbs, then, for that reason too 5.492. People say unlucky women wed in the month of May. 5.517. Recovering his wits, he sacrificed the ox that ploughed 5.518. His meagre land, and roasted it in a great fire: 5.549. Why does bright day, presaged by the Morning Star 5.550. Lift its radiance more swiftly from the ocean waves? 5.551. Am I wrong, or did weapons clash? I’m not: they clashed 5.552. Mars comes, giving the sign for war as he comes. 5.553. The Avenger himself descends from the sky 5.554. To view his shrine and honours in Augustus’ forum. 5.555. The god and the work are mighty: Mar 5.556. Could not be housed otherwise in his son’s city. 5.557. The shrine is worthy of trophies won from Giants: 5.558. From it the Marching God initiates fell war 5.559. When impious men attack us from the East 5.560. Or those from the setting sun must be conquered. 5.561. The God of Arms sees the summits of the work 5.562. And approves of unbeaten gods holding the heights. 5.563. He sees the various weapons studding the doors 5.564. Weapons from lands conquered by his armies. 5.565. Here he views Aeneas bowed by his dear burden 5.566. And many an ancestor of the great Julian line: 5.567. There he views Romulus carrying Acron’s weapon 5.568. And famous heroes’ deeds below their ranked statues. 5.569. And he sees Augustus’ name on the front of the shrine 5.570. And reading ‘Caesar’ there, the work seems greater still. 5.571. He had vowed it as a youth, when dutifully taking arms: 5.572. With such deeds a Prince begins his reign. 5.574. He stretched his hand out, and spoke these words: 5.575. ‘If the death of my ‘father’ Julius, priest of Vesta 5.576. Gives due cause for this war, if I avenge for both 5.577. Come, Mars, and stain the sword with evil blood 5.578. And lend your favour to the better side. You’ll gain 5.579. A temple, and be called the Avenger, if I win.’ 5.580. So he vowed, and returned rejoicing from the rout. 5.581. Nor is he satisfied to have earned Mars that name 5.582. But seeks the standards lost to Parthian hands 5.583. That race protected by deserts, horses, arrows 5.584. Inaccessible, behind their encircling rivers. 5.585. The nation’s pride had been roused by the death 5.586. of the Crassi, when army, leader, standards all were lost. 5.587. The Parthians kept the Roman standards, ornament 5.588. of war, and an enemy bore the Roman eagle. 5.589. That shame would have remained, if Italy’s power 5.590. Had not been defended by Caesar’s strong weapons. 5.591. He ended the old reproach, a generation of disgrace: 5.592. The standards were regained, and knew their own. 5.593. What use now the arrows fired from behind your backs 5.594. Your deserts and your swift horses, you Parthians? 5.595. You carry the eagles home: offer your unstrung bows: 5.596. Now you no longer own the emblems of our shame. 5.605. The day before the Ides is marked by Taurus lifting 5.606. His starry muzzle. The sign’s explained by a familiar tale. 5.607. Jupiter, as a bull, offered his back to a Tyrian girl 5.608. And carried horns on his deceptive forehead. 5.609. Europa grasped his hair in her right hand, her drapery 5.610. In her left, while fear itself lent her fresh grace. 5.611. The breeze filled her dress, ruffled her blonde hair: 5.612. Sidonian girl, like that, you were fit to be seen by Jove. 5.613. often girlishly she withdrew her feet from the sea 5.614. Fearing the touch of the leaping billows: 5.615. often the god knowingly plunged his back in the waves 5.616. So that she’d cling to his neck more tightly. 5.617. Reaching shore, the god was no longer a bull 5.618. Jupiter stood there, without the horns. 6.349. I’ll explain the meaning of an altar of Jove the Baker 6.350. That stands on the Thunderer’s citadel, more famou 6.351. For name than worth. The Capitol was surrounded 6.352. By fierce Gauls: the siege had already caused a famine. 6.353. Summoning the gods to his royal throne 6.354. Jupiter said to Mars: ‘Begin!’ and he quickly replied: 6.355. ‘My people’s plight is surely unknown 6.356. A grief that needs a voice of heartfelt complaint. 6.357. But if I’m to tell a sad and shameful tale in brief 6.358. Rome lies under the feet of an Alpine enemy. 6.359. Jupiter, is this the Rome that was promised power 6.360. Over the world! Rome, the mistress of the earth? 6.361. She’d crushed the neighbouring cities, and the Etruscans: 6.362. Hope was rampant: now she’s driven from her home. 6.363. We’ve seen old men, dressed in embroidered robe 6.364. of triumph, murdered in their bronze-clad halls: 6.365. We’ve seen Ilian Vesta’s sacred pledges hurried 6.366. From their place: some clearly think of the gods. 6.367. But if they look back at the citadel you hold 6.368. And see so many of your homes under siege 6.369. They’ll think worship of the gods is vain 6.370. And incense from a fearful hand thrown away. 6.371. If only they’d an open field of battle! Let them arm 6.372. And if they can’t be victorious, let them die. 6.373. Now without food, and dreading a cowardly death 6.374. They’re penned on their hill, pressed by a barbarous mob.’ 6.375. Then Venus, and Vesta, and glorious Quirinus with auger’s staff 6.376. And striped gown, pleaded on behalf of their Latium. 6.377. Jupiter replied: ‘There’s a common concern for those walls. 6.378. And the Gauls will be defeated and receive punishment. 6.379. But you, Vesta, mustn’t leave your place, and see to it 6.380. That the bread that’s lacking be considered plentiful. 6.381. Let whatever grain is left be ground in a hollow mill 6.382. Kneaded by hand, and then baked in a hot oven.’ 6.383. He gave his orders, and Saturn’s virgin daughter 6.384. Obeyed his command, as the hour reached midnight. 6.385. Now sleep had overcome the weary leaders: Jupiter 6.386. Rebuked them, and spoke his wishes from holy lips: 6.387. ‘Rise, and from the heights of the citadel, throw down 6.388. Among the enemy, the last thing you’d wish to yield!’ 6.389. They shook off sleep, and troubled by the strange command 6.390. Asked themselves what they must yield, unwillingly. 6.391. It seemed it must be bread: They threw down the gift 6.392. of Ceres, clattering on the enemy helms and shields. 6.393. The expectation that they could be starved out vanished. 6.394. The foe was repulsed, and a bright altar raised to Jove the Baker. 6.419. Ilus, scion of Dardanus, had founded a new city 6.420. (Ilus was still rich, holding the wealth of Asia) 6.421. A sky-born image of armed Minerva was said 6.422. To have fallen on the hillside near to Troy. 6.423. (I was anxious to see it: I saw the temple and the site 6.424. That’s all that’s left there: Rome has the Palladium.) 6.431. Priam failed to take like care: so Pallas wished it 6.432. Judgement having gone against her beauty. 6.435. The agent’s unknown, but the thing’s in Rome: 6.436. Vesta guards it: who sees all things by her unfailing light. 6.465. Crassus, near the Euphrates, lost the eagles, his army 6.466. And his son, and at the end himself as well. 6.467. The goddess said: ‘Parthians, why exult? You’ll send 6.468. The standards back, a Caesar will avenge Crassus’ death.’
4. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.560-1.563, 2.259, 2.538-2.539, 15.843-15.851, 15.871-15.879 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
5. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 2.94 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
6. Suetonius, Augustus, 29.2, 94.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
7. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 37.24.1-37.24.2, 51.20.4, 54.8.2 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) 37.24.1.  All of this took place in the course of time. Temporarily the Romans had a respite from war for the remainder of the year, so that they even held the so‑called augurium salutis after a very long interval. This is a kind of augury, which is in the nature of an inquiry whether the god permits them to ask for prosperity for the people, as if it were unholy even to ask for it until permission is granted. 37.24.2.  It was observed on that day of each year on which no army was going out to war, or was preparing itself against any foes, or was fighting a battle. For this reason, amid the constant perils, especially those of civil strife, it was not observed. For it was very difficult for them in any case to determine accurately upon a day free from all such disturbances 51.20.4.  Now Caesar accepted all but a few of these honours, though he expressly requested that one of them, the proposal that the whole population of the city should go out to meet him, should not be put into effect. Nevertheless, the action which pleased him more than all the decrees was the closing by the senate of the gates of Janus, implying that all their wars had entirely ceased, and the taking of the augurium salutis, which at this time fallen into disuse for the reasons I have mentioned. 54.8.2.  Augustus received them as if he had conquered the Parthian in a war; for he took great pride in the achievement, declaring that he had recovered without a struggle what had formerly been lost in battle.
8. Epigraphy, Cil, 6.36841
9. Manilius, Astronomica, 1.23
10. Vergil, Aeneis, 6.753-6.892 6.753. And strove to thrust Jove from his seat on high. 6.754. I saw Salmoneus his dread stripes endure 6.755. Who dared to counterfeit Olympian thunder 6.756. And Jove's own fire. In chariot of four steeds 6.757. Brandishing torches, he triumphant rode 6.758. Through throngs of Greeks, o'er Elis ' sacred way 6.759. Demanding worship as a god. 0 fool! 6.760. To mock the storm's inimitable flash— 6.761. With crash of hoofs and roll of brazen wheel! 6.762. But mightiest Jove from rampart of thick cloud 6.763. Hurled his own shaft, no flickering, mortal flame 6.764. And in vast whirl of tempest laid him low. 6.765. Next unto these, on Tityos I looked 6.766. Child of old Earth, whose womb all creatures bears: 6.767. Stretched o'er nine roods he lies; a vulture huge 6.768. Tears with hooked beak at his immortal side 6.769. Or deep in entrails ever rife with pain 6.770. Gropes for a feast, making his haunt and home 6.771. In the great Titan bosom; nor will give 6.772. To ever new-born flesh surcease of woe. 6.773. Why name Ixion and Pirithous 6.774. The Lapithae, above whose impious brows 6.775. A crag of flint hangs quaking to its fall 6.776. As if just toppling down, while couches proud 6.777. Propped upon golden pillars, bid them feast 6.778. In royal glory: but beside them lies 6.779. The eldest of the Furies, whose dread hands 6.780. Thrust from the feast away, and wave aloft 6.781. A flashing firebrand, with shrieks of woe. 6.782. Here in a prison-house awaiting doom 6.783. Are men who hated, long as life endured 6.784. Their brothers, or maltreated their gray sires 6.785. Or tricked a humble friend; the men who grasped 6.786. At hoarded riches, with their kith and kin 6.787. Not sharing ever—an unnumbered throng; 6.788. Here slain adulterers be; and men who dared 6.789. To fight in unjust cause, and break all faith 6.790. With their own lawful lords. Seek not to know 6.791. What forms of woe they feel, what fateful shape 6.792. of retribution hath o'erwhelmed them there. 6.793. Some roll huge boulders up; some hang on wheels 6.794. Lashed to the whirling spokes; in his sad seat 6.795. Theseus is sitting, nevermore to rise; 6.796. Unhappy Phlegyas uplifts his voice 6.797. In warning through the darkness, calling loud 6.798. ‘0, ere too late, learn justice and fear God!’ 6.799. Yon traitor sold his country, and for gold 6.800. Enchained her to a tyrant, trafficking 6.801. In laws, for bribes enacted or made void; 6.802. Another did incestuously take 6.803. His daughter for a wife in lawless bonds. 6.804. All ventured some unclean, prodigious crime; 6.805. And what they dared, achieved. I could not tell 6.806. Not with a hundred mouths, a hundred tongues 6.807. Or iron voice, their divers shapes of sin 6.809. So spake Apollo's aged prophetess. 6.810. “Now up and on!” she cried. “Thy task fulfil! 6.811. We must make speed. Behold yon arching doors 6.812. Yon walls in furnace of the Cyclops forged! 6.813. 'T is there we are commanded to lay down 6.814. Th' appointed offering.” So, side by side 6.815. Swift through the intervening dark they strode 6.816. And, drawing near the portal-arch, made pause. 6.817. Aeneas, taking station at the door 6.818. Pure, lustral waters o'er his body threw 6.820. Now, every rite fulfilled, and tribute due 6.821. Paid to the sovereign power of Proserpine 6.822. At last within a land delectable 6.823. Their journey lay, through pleasurable bowers 6.824. of groves where all is joy,—a blest abode! 6.825. An ampler sky its roseate light bestows 6.826. On that bright land, which sees the cloudless beam 6.827. of suns and planets to our earth unknown. 6.828. On smooth green lawns, contending limb with limb 6.829. Immortal athletes play, and wrestle long 6.830. 'gainst mate or rival on the tawny sand; 6.831. With sounding footsteps and ecstatic song 6.832. Some thread the dance divine: among them moves 6.833. The bard of Thrace, in flowing vesture clad 6.834. Discoursing seven-noted melody 6.835. Who sweeps the numbered strings with changeful hand 6.836. Or smites with ivory point his golden lyre. 6.837. Here Trojans be of eldest, noblest race 6.838. Great-hearted heroes, born in happier times 6.839. Ilus, Assaracus, and Dardanus 6.840. Illustrious builders of the Trojan town. 6.841. Their arms and shadowy chariots he views 6.842. And lances fixed in earth, while through the fields 6.843. Their steeds without a bridle graze at will. 6.844. For if in life their darling passion ran 6.845. To chariots, arms, or glossy-coated steeds 6.846. The self-same joy, though in their graves, they feel. 6.847. Lo! on the left and right at feast reclined 6.848. Are other blessed souls, whose chorus sings 6.849. Victorious paeans on the fragrant air 6.850. of laurel groves; and hence to earth outpours 6.851. Eridanus, through forests rolling free. 6.852. Here dwell the brave who for their native land 6.853. Fell wounded on the field; here holy priests 6.854. Who kept them undefiled their mortal day; 6.855. And poets, of whom the true-inspired song 6.856. Deserved Apollo's name; and all who found 6.857. New arts, to make man's life more blest or fair; 6.858. Yea! here dwell all those dead whose deeds bequeath 6.859. Deserved and grateful memory to their kind. 6.860. And each bright brow a snow-white fillet wears. 6.861. Unto this host the Sibyl turned, and hailed 6.862. Musaeus, midmost of a numerous throng 6.863. Who towered o'er his peers a shoulder higher: 6.864. “0 spirits blest! 0 venerable bard! 6.865. Declare what dwelling or what region holds 6.866. Anchises, for whose sake we twain essayed 6.867. Yon passage over the wide streams of hell.” 6.868. And briefly thus the hero made reply: 6.869. “No fixed abode is ours. In shadowy groves 6.870. We make our home, or meadows fresh and fair 6.871. With streams whose flowery banks our couches be. 6.872. But you, if thitherward your wishes turn 6.873. Climb yonder hill, where I your path may show.” 6.874. So saying, he strode forth and led them on 6.875. Till from that vantage they had prospect fair 6.876. of a wide, shining land; thence wending down 6.877. They left the height they trod; for far below 6.878. Father Anchises in a pleasant vale 6.879. Stood pondering, while his eyes and thought surveyed 6.880. A host of prisoned spirits, who there abode 6.881. Awaiting entrance to terrestrial air. 6.882. And musing he reviewed the legions bright 6.883. of his own progeny and offspring proud— 6.884. Their fates and fortunes, virtues and great deeds. 6.885. Soon he discerned Aeneas drawing nigh 6.886. o'er the green slope, and, lifting both his hands 6.887. In eager welcome, spread them swiftly forth. 6.888. Tears from his eyelids rained, and thus he spoke: 6.889. “Art here at last? Hath thy well-proven love 6.890. of me thy sire achieved yon arduous way? 6.891. Will Heaven, beloved son, once more allow 6.892. That eye to eye we look? and shall I hear

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
actium,actian,actiaca	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
aeneas,reader	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
aeneas	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
ancestors	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
anchises	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
animals,burial	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
animals,dogs	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
anna perenna (festival of)	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 305
apollo	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156; Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
astronomy,stars	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
atia	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
augury	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
augustan religious innovations	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190, 191
augustus,augustan,accomplishments (res gestae)	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
augustus,augustan,augustan rome	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
augustus,augustan,caesar	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
augustus,augustan	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
augustus,augustus house on the palatine	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
augustus,divi filius	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
augustus	Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 125
augustus (attributes of)	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 305, 311
authority	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
belief,fama	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
birth,infants	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
birth,postpartum period	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
brutus,decimus junius brutus (	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
brutus,lucius junius brutus (d.	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
burial goods	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
burial practices	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
burial urns,inhumation	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
caesar,julius	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 305, 311
calendar,roman (fasti)	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 305
capitoline	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
children burial	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
cologne	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
corona civica	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
corpse	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
creation	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
cult of the dead	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
cults,ancestors	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
death,unavoidability	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
death,untimely death	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
death,violent death	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
deification,ascent to heavens	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
deification,consecration	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
deification,heroes,individuals	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
di manes	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
distancing,(divine) charisma	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
divinity (of a mortal)	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
egypt	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
emotions,happiness	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
emotions	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
ethical qualities,intelligence (sapientia,mêtis)	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
ethical qualities,restraint,self-control,self-restraint	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
etymology	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
eulogy	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
evil	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
experience,post-mortality	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
family	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
fasti praenestini	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
fate	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
feralia,lemuria	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95, 118
feralia,rosalia	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
feralia	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
festivals,ludi victoriae caesaris	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
fire	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 311
flesh,bred	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
flora / floralia	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 305
forum augustum	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
freed persons	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
freedom,freeom of speech (libertas)	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
funerary epigraphy	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
funerary monuments	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
ge,earthly existence	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
heroization,individuals as heroes	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
history	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
honorific titles,of augustus	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
ides	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
illness	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
immortality,of gods,boundaries between gods and humans	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
italy	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
julius caesar,deification,divinity	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 156
julius caesar	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190, 191
jupiter	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
kings	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
leadership	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
m. crassus	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190, 191
mars ultor	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
mars ultor (temple of)	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 305
mummification	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
necropolis	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
ovid	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 305, 311; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 125
palatine	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
pan	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
parthians	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
perpetrators	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
philippi,battle of (	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
piety,pietas	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
plutarch	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
pontifex maximus	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
post-mortality belief,fear	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
post-mortality belief,suffering	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
prayer	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
presence	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 305, 311
religious-political legitimisation	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
revenants,unpeaceful dead	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
revenge,vengeance	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
rituals,funerary	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
rituals	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
romans	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
rome	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239; Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
romulus	Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 125
sacrifice	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
salus,well-being	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
self-fashioning	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190, 191
soldiers	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
soul	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
story	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
suicide	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239; Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 95
supplicatio	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
tarquin kings	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239
temples,of janus	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190
testamentum lingonis	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
textual space	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 305
theoi katachthonioi	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
tiberius,emperor	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
tombs,expenses	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
tombs	Waldner et al. (2016), Burial Rituals, Ideas of Afterlife, and the Individual in the Hellenistic World and the Roman Empire, 118
uates'	Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 125
vengeance	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 190, 191
verrius flaccus	Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 125
vesta	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
vesta (augustan,pre-augustan)	Bierl (2017), Time and Space in Ancient Myth, Religion and Culture, 305, 311
war,weapons (arma)	Erker (2023), Ambiguity and Religion in Ovid’s Fasti: Religious Innovation and the Imperial Family, 191
words	Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 239