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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database



8253
New Testament, Romans, 7.5


ὅτε γὰρ ἦμεν ἐν τῇ σαρκί, τὰ παθήματα τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν τὰ διὰ τοῦ νόμου ἐνηργεῖτο ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ἡμῶν εἰς τὸ καρποφορῆσαι τῷ θανάτῳ·For when we were in the flesh, the sinful passions which were through the law, worked in our members to bring forth fruit to death.


Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

42 results
1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 25.2 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

25.2. וְהָיָה אִם־בִּן הַכּוֹת הָרָשָׁע וְהִפִּילוֹ הַשֹּׁפֵט וְהִכָּהוּ לְפָנָיו כְּדֵי רִשְׁעָתוֹ בְּמִסְפָּר׃ 25.2. then it shall be, if the wicked man deserve to be beaten, that the judge shall cause him to lie down, and to be beaten before his face, according to the measure of his wickedness, by number."
2. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 34.5 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

34.5. וַיֵּרֶד יְהוָה בֶּעָנָן וַיִּתְיַצֵּב עִמּוֹ שָׁם וַיִּקְרָא בְשֵׁם יְהוָה׃ 34.5. And the LORD descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and proclaimed the name of the LORD."
3. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 15.5 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

15.5. וַיּוֹצֵא אֹתוֹ הַחוּצָה וַיֹּאמֶר הַבֶּט־נָא הַשָּׁמַיְמָה וּסְפֹר הַכּוֹכָבִים אִם־תּוּכַל לִסְפֹּר אֹתָם וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ כֹּה יִהְיֶה זַרְעֶךָ׃ 15.5. And He brought him forth abroad, and said: ‘Look now toward heaven, and count the stars, if thou be able to count them’; and He said unto him: ‘So shall thy seed be.’"
4. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 32.1-32.2, 145.8 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

32.1. רַבִּים מַכְאוֹבִים לָרָשָׁע וְהַבּוֹטֵחַ בַּיהוָה חֶסֶד יְסוֹבְבֶנּוּ׃ 32.1. לְדָוִד מַשְׂכִּיל אַשְׁרֵי נְשׂוּי־פֶּשַׁע כְּסוּי חֲטָאָה׃ 145.8. חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם יְהוָה אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם וּגְדָל־חָסֶד׃ 32.1. [A Psalm] of David. Maschil. Happy is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is pardoned." 145.8. The LORD is gracious, and full of compassion; Slow to anger, and of great mercy."
5. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 27.9, 59.20-59.21 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

27.9. לָכֵן בְּזֹאת יְכֻפַּר עֲוֺן־יַעֲקֹב וְזֶה כָּל־פְּרִי הָסִר חַטָּאתוֹ בְּשׂוּמוֹ כָּל־אַבְנֵי מִזְבֵּחַ כְּאַבְנֵי־גִר מְנֻפָּצוֹת לֹא־יָקֻמוּ אֲשֵׁרִים וְחַמָּנִים׃ 59.21. וַאֲנִי זֹאת בְּרִיתִי אוֹתָם אָמַר יְהוָה רוּחִי אֲשֶׁר עָלֶיךָ וּדְבָרַי אֲשֶׁר־שַׂמְתִּי בְּפִיךָ לֹא־יָמוּשׁוּ מִפִּיךָ וּמִפִּי זַרְעֲךָ וּמִפִּי זֶרַע זַרְעֲךָ אָמַר יְהוָה מֵעַתָּה וְעַד־עוֹלָם׃ 27.9. Therefore by this shall the iniquity of Jacob be expiated, And this is all the fruit of taking away his sin: When he maketh all the stones of the altar as chalkstones that are beaten in pieces, So that the Asherim and the sun-images shall rise no more." 59.20. And a redeemer will come to Zion, And unto them that turn from transgression in Jacob, Saith the LORD." 59.21. And as for Me, this is My covet with them, saith the LORD; My spirit that is upon thee, and My words which I have put in thy mouth, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seed’s seed, saith the LORD, from henceforth and for ever."
6. Cicero, De Finibus, 3.75, 4.74 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)

3.75.  "Then, how dignified, how lofty, how consistent is the character of the Wise Man as they depict it! Since reason has proved that moral worth is the sole good, it follows that he must always be happy, and that all those titles which the ignorant are so fond of deriding do in very truth belong to him. For he will have a better claim to the title of King than Tarquin, who could not rule either himself or his subjects; a better right to the name of 'Master of the People' (for that is what a dictator is) than Sulla, who was a master of three pestilential vices, licentiousness, avarice and cruelty; a better right to be called rich than Crassus, who had he lacked nothing could never have been induced to cross the Euphrates with no pretext for war. Rightly will he be said to own all things, who alone knows how to use all things; rightly also will he be styled beautiful, for the features of the soul are fairer than those of the body; rightly the one and only free man, as subject to no man's authority, and slave of no appetite; rightly unconquerable, for though his body be thrown into fetters, no bondage can enchain his soul. 4.74.  "The same verbal legerdemain supplies you with your kingdoms and empires and riches, riches so vast that you declare that everything the world contains is the property of the Wise Man. He alone, you say, is handsome, he alone a free man and a citizen: while the foolish are the opposite of all these, and according to you insane into the bargain. The Stoics call these paradoxa, as we might say 'startling truths.' But what is there so startling about them viewed at close quarters? I will consult you as to the meaning you attach to each term; there shall be no dispute. You Stoics say that all transgressions are equal. I won't jest with you now, as I did on the same subjects when you were prosecuting and I defending Lucius Murena. On that occasion I was addressing a jury, not an audience of scholars, and I even had to play to the gallery a little; but now I must reason more closely.
7. Cicero, On The Ends of Good And Evil, 3.75, 4.74 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)

3.75. quam gravis vero, quam magnifica, quam constans conficitur persona sapientis! qui, cum ratio docuerit, quod honestum esset, id esse solum bonum, semper sit necesse est beatus vereque omnia ista nomina possideat, quae irrideri ab inperitis solent. rectius enim appellabitur rex quam Tarquinius, qui nec se nec suos regere potuit, rectius magister populi—is enim est dictator dictator est BE —quam Sulla, qui trium pestiferorum vitiorum, luxuriae, avaritiae, crudelitatis, magister fuit, rectius dives quam Crassus, qui nisi eguisset, numquam Euphraten nulla belli causa transire voluisset. recte eius omnia dicentur, qui scit uti solus omnibus, recte etiam pulcher appellabitur— animi enim liniamenta sunt pulchriora quam corporis quam corporis NV quam corporibus ABE corporibus ( om. quam) R —, recte solus liber nec dominationi cuiusquam parens nec oboediens cupiditati, recte invictus, cuius etiamsi corpus constringatur, animo tamen vincula inici nulla possint, nec expectet ullum tempus aetatis, uti tum uti tum Se. ut tum (ut in ras., sequente ras. 2 vel 3 litt. ) N virtutum ABE ututū R ubi tum V denique iudicetur beatusne fuerit, cum extremum vitae diem morte confecerit, quod ille unus e septem sapientibus non sapienter Croesum monuit; 4.74. Nam ex eisdem verborum praestrigiis praestrigiis BEN praestigiis et regna nata vobis sunt et imperia et divitiae, et tantae quidem, ut omnia, quae ubique sint, sapientis esse dicatis. solum praeterea formosum, solum liberum, solum civem, stultos omnia contraria, add. hoc loco Mdv., post contraria Morel. quos etiam insanos esse vultis. haec para/doca illi, nos admirabilia dicamus. quid autem habent admirationis, cum prope accesseris? conferam tecum, quam cuique verbo rem subicias; nulla erit controversia. Omnia peccata paria dicitis. non ego tecum iam ita iocabor, Jocabor N locabor RB locabar E letabor V ut isdem his de his de edd. is de ER ijs de V de B om. N rebus, cum L. Murenam te accusante defenderem. apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt, aliquid etiam coronae datum; nunc agendum est subtilius. Peccata paria. 3.75.  "Then, how dignified, how lofty, how consistent is the character of the Wise Man as they depict it! Since reason has proved that moral worth is the sole good, it follows that he must always be happy, and that all those titles which the ignorant are so fond of deriding do in very truth belong to him. For he will have a better claim to the title of King than Tarquin, who could not rule either himself or his subjects; a better right to the name of 'Master of the People' (for that is what a dictator is) than Sulla, who was a master of three pestilential vices, licentiousness, avarice and cruelty; a better right to be called rich than Crassus, who had he lacked nothing could never have been induced to cross the Euphrates with no pretext for war. Rightly will he be said to own all things, who alone knows how to use all things; rightly also will he be styled beautiful, for the features of the soul are fairer than those of the body; rightly the one and only free man, as subject to no man's authority, and slave of no appetite; rightly unconquerable, for though his body be thrown into fetters, no bondage can enchain his soul. 4.74.  "The same verbal legerdemain supplies you with your kingdoms and empires and riches, riches so vast that you declare that everything the world contains is the property of the Wise Man. He alone, you say, is handsome, he alone a free man and a citizen: while the foolish are the opposite of all these, and according to you insane into the bargain. The Stoics call these paradoxa, as we might say 'startling truths.' But what is there so startling about them viewed at close quarters? I will consult you as to the meaning you attach to each term; there shall be no dispute. You Stoics say that all transgressions are equal. I won't jest with you now, as I did on the same subjects when you were prosecuting and I defending Lucius Murena. On that occasion I was addressing a jury, not an audience of scholars, and I even had to play to the gallery a little; but now I must reason more closely.
8. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q418, 0 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

9. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q444, 0 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

10. Dead Sea Scrolls, Community Rule, 11.9, 11.12 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

11. Philo of Alexandria, On The Life of Abraham, 257 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)

257. And the advice was this; not to afflict himself beyond all measure, as if he were stricken down with a novel and unprecedented calamity; nor, on the other hand, to give way to indifference, as if nothing had happened calculated to give him sorrow. But rather to choose the middle way in preference to either extreme; and to endeavour to grieve in a moderate degree; not being indigt at nature for having reclaimed what belonged to her as her due; and bearing what had befallen him with a mild and gentle spirit.
12. Philo of Alexandria, Questions On Genesis, 4.73 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)

13. Anon., Epistle of Barnabas, 10.3-10.8 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

10.3. Accordingly he mentioned the swine with this intent. Thou shalt not cleave, saith he, to such men who are like unto swine; that is, when they are in luxury they forget the Lord, but when they are in want they recognize the Lord, just as the swine when it eateth knoweth not his lord, but when it is hungry it crieth out, and when it has received food again it is silent. 10.4. Neither shalt thou eat eagle nor falcon nor kite nor crow. Thou shalt not, He saith, cleave unto, or be likened to, such men who now not how to provide food for themselves by toil and sweat, but in their lawlessness seize what belongeth to others, and as if they were walking in guilelessness watch and search about for some one to rob in their rapacity, just as these birds alone do not provide food for themselves, but sit idle and seek how they may eat the meat that belongeth to others, being pestilent in their evil-doings. 10.5. And thou shalt not eat, saith He, lamprey nor polypus nor cuttle fish . Thou shalt not, He meaneth, become like unto such men, who are desperately wicked, and are already condemned to death, just as these fishes alone are accursed and swim in the depths, not swimming on the surface like the rest, but dwell on the ground beneath the deep sea. 10.6. Moreover thou shalt not eat the hare. Why so? Thou shalt not be found a corrupter of boys, nor shalt thou become like such persons; for the hare gaineth one passage in the body every year; for according to the number of years it lives it has just so many orifices. 10.7. Again, neither shalt thou eat the hyena; thou shalt not, saith He, become an adulterer or a fornicator, neither shalt thou resemble such persons. Why so? Because this animal changeth its nature year by year, and becometh at one time male and at another female. 10.8. Moreover He hath hated the weasel also and with good reason. Thou shalt not, saith He, become such as those men of whom we hear as working iniquity with their mouth for uncleanness, neither shalt thou cleave unto impure women who work iniquity with their mouth. For this animal conceiveth with its mouth.
14. New Testament, 1 John, 1.9, 2.12, 3.9-3.10, 5.1-5.2 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.9. If we confess our sins, he is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. 2.12. I write to you, little children, because your sins are forgiven you for his name's sake. 3.9. Whoever is born of God doesn't commit sin, because his seed remains in him; and he can't sin, because he is born of God. 3.10. In this the children of God are revealed, and the children of the devil. Whoever doesn't do righteousness is not of God, neither is he who doesn't love his brother. 5.1. Whoever believes that Jesus is the Christ is born of God. Whoever loves the father also loves the child who is born of him. 5.2. By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and keep his commandments.
15. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 1.20-1.22, 1.26, 2.13, 3.18-3.21, 5.5, 6.13, 7.14, 7.18, 7.21-7.23, 7.32-7.35, 10.6-10.10, 10.16-10.17, 10.32, 11.24-11.27, 12.12-12.27, 14.2, 14.28, 15.3, 15.17, 15.39, 15.56 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.20. Where is the wise? Where is the scribe? Where is the lawyerof this world? Hasn't God made foolish the wisdom of this world? 1.21. For seeing that in the wisdom of God, the world through its wisdomdidn't know God, it was God's good pleasure through the foolishness ofthe preaching to save those who believe. 1.22. For Jews ask for signs,Greeks seek after wisdom 1.26. For you seeyour calling, brothers, that not many are wise according to the flesh,not many mighty, and not many noble; 2.13. Which things also we speak, not inwords which man's wisdom teaches, but which the Holy Spirit teaches,comparing spiritual things with spiritual things. 3.18. Letno one deceive himself. If anyone thinks that he is wise among you inthis world, let him become a fool, that he may become wise. 3.19. Forthe wisdom of this world is foolishness with God. For it is written,"He has taken the wise in their craftiness. 3.20. And again, "TheLord knows the reasoning of the wise, that it is worthless. 3.21. Therefore let no one boast in men. For all things are yours 5.5. are to deliver such a one to Satan for thedestruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day ofthe Lord Jesus. 6.13. Foods for the belly, andthe belly for foods," but God will bring to nothing both it and them.But the body is not for sexual immorality, but for the Lord; and theLord for the body. 7.14. For theunbelieving husband is sanctified in the wife, and the unbelieving wifeis sanctified in the husband. Otherwise your children would be unclean,but now are they holy. 7.18. Was anyone called having been circumcised? Let him not becomeuncircumcised. Has anyone been called in uncircumcision? Let him not becircumcised. 7.21. Were you calledbeing a bondservant? Don't let that bother you, but if you get anopportunity to become free, use it. 7.22. For he who was called in theLord being a bondservant is the Lord's free man. Likewise he who wascalled being free is Christ's bondservant. 7.23. You were bought witha price. Don't become bondservants of men. 7.32. But I desire to have you tobe free from cares. He who is unmarried is concerned for the things ofthe Lord, how he may please the Lord; 7.33. but he who is married isconcerned about the things of the world, how he may please his wife. 7.34. There is also a difference between a wife and a virgin. Theunmarried woman cares about the things of the Lord, that she may beholy both in body and in spirit. But she who is married cares about thethings of the world -- how she may please her husband. 7.35. This Isay for your own profit; not that I may ensnare you, but for that whichis appropriate, and that you may attend to the Lord withoutdistraction. 10.6. Nowthese things were our examples, to the intent we should not lust afterevil things, as they also lusted. 10.7. Neither be idolaters, as someof them were. As it is written, "The people sat down to eat and drink,and rose up to play. 10.8. Neither let us commit sexual immorality,as some of them committed, and in one day twenty-three thousand fell. 10.9. Neither let us test the Lord, as some of them tested, andperished by the serpents. 10.10. Neither grumble, as some of them alsogrumbled, and perished by the destroyer. 10.16. Thecup of blessing which we bless, isn't it a communion of the blood ofChrist? The bread which we break, isn't it a communion of the body ofChrist? 10.17. Because we, who are many, are one bread, one body; forwe all partake of the one bread. 10.32. Give no occasions for stumbling, either to Jews, or to Greeks,or to the assembly of God; 11.24. When he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "Take,eat. This is my body, which is broken for you. Do this in memory ofme. 11.25. In the same way he also took the cup, after supper,saying, "This cup is the new covet in my blood. Do this, as often asyou drink, in memory of me. 11.26. For as often as you eat this breadand drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes. 11.27. Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks the Lord's cup i unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and the blood of theLord. 12.12. For as the body is one, and has many members, and all themembers of the body, being many, are one body; so also is Christ. 12.13. For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whetherJews or Greeks, whether bond or free; and were all given to drink intoone Spirit. 12.14. For the body is not one member, but many. 12.15. If the foot would say, "Because I'm not the hand, I'm not part of thebody," it is not therefore not part of the body. 12.16. If the earwould say, "Because I'm not the eye, I'm not part of the body," it'snot therefore not part of the body. 12.17. If the whole body were aneye, where would the hearing be? If the whole were hearing, where wouldthe smelling be? 12.18. But now God has set the members, each one ofthem, in the body, just as he desired. 12.19. If they were all onemember, where would the body be? 12.20. But now they are many members,but one body. 12.21. The eye can't tell the hand, "I have no need foryou," or again the head to the feet, "I have no need for you. 12.22. No, much rather, those members of the body which seem to be weaker arenecessary. 12.23. Those parts of the body which we think to be lesshonorable, on those we bestow more abundant honor; and ourunpresentable parts have more abundant propriety; 12.24. whereas ourpresentable parts have no such need. But God composed the bodytogether, giving more abundant honor to the inferior part 12.25. thatthere should be no division in the body, but that the members shouldhave the same care for one another. 12.26. When one member suffers,all the members suffer with it. Or when one member is honored, all themembers rejoice with it. 12.27. Now you are the body of Christ, and members individually. 14.2. For he who speaks in anotherlanguage speaks not to men, but to God; for no one understands; but inthe Spirit he speaks mysteries. 14.28. Butif there is no interpreter, let him keep silent in the assembly, andlet him speak to himself, and to God. 15.3. For I delivered to youfirst of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sinsaccording to the Scriptures 15.17. If Christ has not been raised, your faithis vain; you are still in your sins. 15.39. All flesh is not the same flesh, butthere is one flesh of men, another flesh of animals, another of fish,and another of birds. 15.56. The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law.
16. New Testament, 1 Thessalonians, 1.10, 2.16, 4.5, 4.13-4.18, 5.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.10. and to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead -- Jesus, who delivers us from the wrath to come. 2.16. forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles that they may be saved; to fill up their sins always. But wrath has come on them to the uttermost. 4.5. not in the passion of lust, even as the Gentiles who don't know God; 4.13. But we don't want you to be ignorant, brothers, concerning those who have fallen asleep, so that you don't grieve like the rest, who have no hope. 4.14. For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so those who have fallen asleep in Jesus will God bring with him. 4.15. For this we tell you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left to the coming of the Lord, will in no way precede those who have fallen asleep. 4.16. For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with God's trumpet. The dead in Christ will rise first 4.17. then we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air. So we will be with the Lord forever. 4.18. Therefore comfort one another with these words. 5.9. For God didn't appoint us to wrath, but to the obtaining of salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ
17. New Testament, 1 Timothy, 3.16 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

3.16. Without controversy, the mystery of godliness is great: God was revealed in the flesh, Justified in the spirit, Seen by angels, Preached among the nations, Believed on in the world, And received up in glory.
18. New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 1.17, 3.6, 3.7, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15, 3.16, 3.17, 4.1, 5.21, 6.14-7.1, 7.1, 7.15, 11.7, 11.22 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

19. New Testament, 2 Thessalonians, 2.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.3. Let no one deceive you in any way. For it will not be, unless the falling away comes first, and the man of sin is revealed, the son of destruction
20. New Testament, Acts, 2.38, 5.31, 8.37, 10.43, 13.38, 26.18 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

2.38. Peter said to them, "Repent, and be baptized, everyone of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 5.31. God exalted him with his right hand to be a Prince and a Savior, to give repentance to Israel, and remission of sins. 10.43. All the prophets testify about him, that through his name everyone who believes in him will receive remission of sins. 13.38. Be it known to you therefore, brothers, that through this man is proclaimed to you remission of sins 26.18. to open their eyes, that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive remission of sins and an inheritance among those who are sanctified by faith in me.'
21. New Testament, Apocalypse, 4.8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

4.8. The four living creatures, having each one of them six wings, are full of eyes around about and within. They have no rest day and night, saying, "Holy, holy, holy, holy, holy, holy, holy, holy, holy is the Lord God, the Almighty, who was and who is and who is to come!
22. New Testament, Colossians, 1.14, 1.22, 3.4-3.5, 4.7-4.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.14. in whom we have our redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our sins; 1.22. yet now he has reconciled in the body of his flesh through death, to present you holy and without blemish and blameless before him 3.4. When Christ, our life, is revealed, then you will also be revealed with him in glory. 3.5. Put to death therefore your members which are on the earth: sexual immorality, uncleanness, depraved passion, evil desire, and covetousness, which is idolatry; 4.7. All my affairs will be made known to you by Tychicus, the beloved brother, faithful servant, and fellow bondservant in the Lord. 4.8. I am sending him to you for this very purpose, that he may know your circumstances and comfort your hearts 4.9. together with Onesimus, the faithful and beloved brother, who is one of you. They will make known to you everything that is going on here.
23. New Testament, Ephesians, 2.1-2.22, 4.4-4.6, 5.5-5.7, 6.3, 6.22 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.1. You were made alive when you were dead in transgressions and sins 2.2. in which you once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the powers of the air, the spirit who now works in the sons of disobedience; 2.3. among whom we also all once lived in the lust of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest. 2.4. But God, being rich in mercy, for his great love with which he loved us 2.5. even when we were dead through our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved) 2.6. and raised us up with him, and made us to sit with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus 2.7. that in the ages to come he might show the exceeding riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus; 2.8. for by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God 2.9. not of works, that no one would boast. 2.10. For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared before that we would walk in them. 2.11. Therefore remember that once you, the Gentiles in the flesh, who are called "uncircumcision" by that which is called "circumcision," (in the flesh, made by hands); 2.12. that you were at that time separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covets of the promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 2.13. But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off are made near in the blood of Christ. 2.14. For he is our peace, who made both one, and broke down the middle wall of partition 2.15. having abolished in the flesh the hostility, the law of commandments contained in ordices, that he might create in himself one new man of the two, making peace; 2.16. and might reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, having killed the hostility thereby. 2.17. He came and preached peace to you who were far off and to those who were near. 2.18. For through him we both have our access in one Spirit to the Father. 2.19. So then you are no longer strangers and sojourners, but you are fellow citizens with the saints, and of the household of God 2.20. being built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the chief cornerstone; 2.21. in whom the whole building, fitted together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord; 2.22. in whom you also are built together for a habitation of God in the Spirit. 4.4. There is one body, and one Spirit, even as you also were called in one hope of your calling; 4.5. one Lord, one faith, one baptism 4.6. one God and Father of all, who is over all, and through all, and in us all. 5.5. Know this for sure, that no sexually immoral person, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, has any inheritance in the Kingdom of Christ and God. 5.6. Let no one deceive you with empty words. For because of these things, the wrath of God comes on the sons of disobedience. 5.7. Therefore don't be partakers with them. 6.3. that it may be well with you, and you may live long on the earth. 6.22. whom I have sent to you for this very purpose, that you may know our state, and that he may comfort your hearts.
24. New Testament, Galatians, 1.4, 1.13-1.14, 2.11-2.21, 3.7, 3.10-3.14, 3.22, 3.24, 3.26-3.27, 3.29, 4.3-4.10, 4.21-4.31, 5.1-5.2, 5.11, 5.13, 5.16-5.25, 6.7-6.8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.4. who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us out of this present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father -- 1.13. For you have heard of my way ofliving in time past in the Jews' religion, how that beyond measure Ipersecuted the assembly of God, and ravaged it. 1.14. I advanced inthe Jews' religion beyond many of my own age among my countrymen, beingmore exceedingly zealous for the traditions of my fathers. 2.11. But when Peter came to Antioch, I resisted him to the face,because he stood condemned. 2.12. For before some people came fromJames, he ate with the Gentiles. But when they came, he drew back andseparated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. 2.13. And the rest of the Jews joined him in his hypocrisy; so that evenBarnabas was carried away with their hypocrisy. 2.14. But when I sawthat they didn't walk uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, Isaid to Peter before them all, "If you, being a Jew, live as theGentiles do, and not as the Jews do, why do you compel the Gentiles tolive as the Jews do? 2.15. We, being Jews by nature, and not Gentile sinners 2.16. yet knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law butthrough the faith of Jesus Christ, even we believed in Christ Jesus,that we might be justified by faith in Christ, and not by the works ofthe law, because no flesh will be justified by the works of the law. 2.17. But if, while we sought to be justified in Christ, we ourselvesalso were found sinners, is Christ a servant of sin? Certainly not! 2.18. For if I build up again those things which I destroyed, I provemyself a law-breaker. 2.19. For I, through the law, died to the law,that I might live to God. 2.20. I have been crucified with Christ, andit is no longer I that live, but Christ living in me. That life which Inow live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me,and gave himself up for me. 2.21. I don't make void the grace of God.For if righteousness is through the law, then Christ died for nothing! 3.7. Know therefore that those whoare of faith, the same are sons of Abraham. 3.10. For as many as are of the works of the law areunder a curse. For it is written, "Cursed is everyone who doesn'tcontinue in all things that are written in the book of the law, to dothem. 3.11. Now that no man is justified by the law before God isevident, for, "The righteous will live by faith. 3.12. The law is notof faith, but, "The man who does them will live by them. 3.13. Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become acurse for us. For it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on atree 3.14. that the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentilesthrough Christ Jesus; that we might receive the promise of the Spiritthrough faith. 3.22. But the Scriptures shut up all things undersin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to thosewho believe. 3.24. So that the law has become our tutor to bring us toChrist, that we might be justified by faith. 3.26. For you are all sons ofGod, through faith in Christ Jesus. 3.27. For as many of you as werebaptized into Christ have put on Christ. 3.29. If you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's seed and heirs according to promise. 4.3. So we also, when we were children, were held in bondage under theelements of the world. 4.4. But when the fullness of the time came,God sent out his Son, born to a woman, born under the law 4.5. thathe might redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive theadoption of sons. 4.6. And because you are sons, God sent out theSpirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, "Abba, Father! 4.7. Soyou are no longer a bondservant, but a son; and if a son, then an heirof God through Christ. 4.8. However at that time, not knowing God, youwere in bondage to those who by nature are not gods. 4.9. But now thatyou have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, why do youturn back again to the weak and miserable elements, to which you desireto be in bondage all over again? 4.10. You observe days, months,seasons, and years. 4.21. Tell me, you that desire to be under the law, don't you listen to thelaw? 4.22. For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by thehandmaid, and one by the free woman. 4.23. However, the son by thehandmaid was born according to the flesh, but the son by the free womanwas born through promise. 4.24. These things contain an allegory, forthese are two covets. One is from Mount Sinai, bearing children tobondage, which is Hagar. 4.25. For this Hagar is Mount Sinai inArabia, and answers to the Jerusalem that exists now, for she is inbondage with her children. 4.26. But the Jerusalem that is above isfree, which is the mother of us all. 4.27. For it is written,"Rejoice, you barren who don't bear. Break forth and shout, you that don't travail. For more are the children of the desolate than of her who has a husband. 4.28. Now we, brothers, as Isaac was, are children of promise. 4.29. But as then, he who was born according to the flesh persecutedhim who was born according to the Spirit, so also it is now. 4.30. However what does the Scripture say? "Throw out the handmaid and herson, for the son of the handmaid will not inherit with the son of thefree woman. 4.31. So then, brothers, we are not children of ahandmaid, but of the free woman. 5.1. Stand firm therefore in the liberty by which Christ has madeus free, and don't be entangled again with a yoke of bondage. 5.2. Behold, I, Paul, tell you that if you receive circumcision, Christ willprofit you nothing. 5.11. But I, brothers, if I still preach circumcision, why am Istill persecuted? Then the stumbling-block of the cross has beenremoved. 5.13. For you, brothers, were called for freedom. Only don't useyour freedom for gain to the flesh, but through love be servants to oneanother. 5.16. But I say, walk by the Spirit, and you won't fulfill the lust ofthe flesh. 5.17. For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and theSpirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one other, that youmay not do the things that you desire. 5.18. But if you are led by theSpirit, you are not under the law. 5.19. Now the works of the fleshare obvious, which are: adultery, sexual immorality, uncleanness,lustfulness 5.20. idolatry, sorcery, hatred, strife, jealousies,outbursts of anger, rivalries, divisions, heresies 5.21. envyings,murders, drunkenness, orgies, and things like these; of which Iforewarn you, even as I also forewarned you, that those who practicesuch things will not inherit the Kingdom of God. 5.22. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience,kindness, goodness, faithfulness 5.23. gentleness, and self-control.Against such things there is no law. 5.24. Those who belong to Christhave crucified the flesh with its passions and lusts. 5.25. If we liveby the Spirit, let's also walk by the Spirit. 6.7. Don't be deceived. God is notmocked, for whatever a man sows, that will he also reap. 6.8. For hewho sows to his own flesh will from the flesh reap corruption. But hewho sows to the Spirit will from the Spirit reap eternal life.
25. New Testament, Philippians, 2.28, 3.3-3.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.28. I have sent him therefore the more diligently, that, when you see him again, you may rejoice, and that I may be the less sorrowful. 3.3. For we are the circumcision, who worship God in the Spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh; 3.4. though I myself might have confidence even in the flesh. If any other man thinks that he has confidence in the flesh, I yet more: 3.5. circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; concerning the law, a Pharisee; 3.6. concerning zeal, persecuting the assembly; concerning the righteousness which is in the law, found blameless. 3.7. However, what things were gain to me, these have I counted loss for Christ. 3.8. Yes most assuredly, and I count all things to be loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus, my Lord, for whom I suffered the loss of all things, and count them nothing but refuse, that I may gain Christ 3.9. and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own, that which is of the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is from God by faith;
26. New Testament, Romans, 1.3, 1.4, 1.11, 1.24, 1.26, 1.27, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.25, 2.28, 2.29, 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, 3.9, 3.10, 3.18, 3.19, 3.21, 3.22, 3.23, 3.24, 3.25, 3.27, 3.28, 3.29, 3.30, 3.31, 4.7, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, 4.16, 4.17, 4.18, 5, 5.5, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15, 6, 6.1-8.13, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, 6.15, 6.16, 6.17, 6.18, 6.19, 6.20, 6.21, 6.22, 6.23, 7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18, 7.19, 7.20, 7.21, 7.22, 7.23, 7.24, 7.25, 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11, 8.12, 8.13, 8.14, 8.15, 8.16, 8.17, 8.18, 8.19, 8.20, 8.21, 8.22, 8.23, 8.24, 8.25, 8.26, 8.27, 8.28, 8.29, 8.30, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 10.4, 10.13, 11.1, 11.27, 11.36, 13.13, 13.14, 14.15, 14.21, 15.12, 15.13, 15.14, 15.15, 15.16, 15.17, 15.18, 15.19, 15.20, 15.21, 15.22, 15.23, 15.24, 15.25, 15.26, 15.27, 15.28, 15.29, 15.30, 15.31, 15.32, 15.33, 15.44, 15.45, 15.54, 15.55, 15.56, 15.58, 16.2, 16.20, 16.24 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.11. For I long to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift, to the end that you may be established;
27. New Testament, Titus, 1.5, 2.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.5. I left you in Crete for this reason, that you would set in order the things that were lacking, and appoint elders in every city, as I directed you; 2.5. to be sober-minded, chaste, workers at home, kind, being in subjection to their own husbands, that God's word may not be blasphemed.
28. New Testament, John, 1.12-1.13, 3.1-3.21, 4.18, 4.28, 4.30 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.12. But as many as received him, to them he gave the right to become God's children, to those who believe in his name: 1.13. who were born not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. 3.1. Now there was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews. 3.2. The same came to him by night, and said to him, "Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher come from God, for no one can do these signs that you do, unless God is with him. 3.3. Jesus answered him, "Most assuredly, I tell you, unless one is born anew, he can't see the Kingdom of God. 3.4. Nicodemus said to him, "How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother's womb, and be born? 3.5. Jesus answered, "Most assuredly I tell you, unless one is born of water and spirit, he can't enter into the Kingdom of God! 3.6. That which is born of the flesh is flesh. That which is born of the Spirit is spirit. 3.7. Don't marvel that I said to you, 'You must be born anew.' 3.8. The wind blows where it wants to, and you hear its sound, but don't know where it comes from and where it is going. So is everyone who is born of the Spirit. 3.9. Nicodemus answered him, "How can these things be? 3.10. Jesus answered him, "Are you the teacher of Israel, and don't understand these things? 3.11. Most assuredly I tell you, we speak that which we know, and testify of that which we have seen, and you don't receive our witness. 3.12. If I told you earthly things and you don't believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things? 3.13. No one has ascended into heaven, but he who descended out of heaven, the Son of Man, who is in heaven. 3.14. As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up 3.15. that whoever believes in him should not perish, but have eternal life. 3.16. For God so loved the world, that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish, but have eternal life. 3.17. For God didn't send his Son into the world to judge the world, but that the world should be saved through him. 3.18. He who believes in him is not judged. He who doesn't believe has been judged already, because he has not believed in the name of the only born Son of God. 3.19. This is the judgment, that the light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light; for their works were evil. 3.20. For everyone who does evil hates the light, and doesn't come to the light, lest his works would be exposed. 3.21. But he who does the truth comes to the light, that his works may be revealed, that they have been done in God. 4.18. for you have had five husbands; and he whom you now have is not your husband. This you have said truly. 4.28. So the woman left her water pot, and went away into the city, and said to the people 4.30. They went out of the city, and were coming to him.
29. New Testament, Luke, 1.77, 3.3, 3.22, 11.2-11.4, 24.47 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.77. To give knowledge of salvation to his people by the remission of their sins 3.3. He came into all the region around the Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance for remission of sins. 3.22. and the Holy Spirit descended in a bodily form as a dove on him; and a voice came out of the sky, saying "You are my beloved Son. In you I am well pleased. 11.2. He said to them, "When you pray, say, 'Our Father in heaven, May your name be kept holy. May your kingdom come. May your will be done on Earth, as it is in heaven. 11.3. Give us day by day our daily bread. 11.4. Forgive us our sins, For we ourselves also forgive everyone who is indebted to us. Bring us not into temptation, But deliver us from the evil one.' 24.47. and that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name to all the nations, beginning at Jerusalem.
30. New Testament, Mark, 9.29 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

9.29. He said to them, "This kind can come out by nothing, except by prayer and fasting.
31. New Testament, Matthew, 6.9-6.13, 17.20 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

6.9. Pray like this: 'Our Father in heaven, may your name be kept holy. 6.10. Let your kingdom come. Let your will be done, as in heaven, so on earth. 6.11. Give us today our daily bread. 6.12. Forgive us our debts, as we also forgive our debtors. 6.13. Bring us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. For yours is the kingdom, the power, and the glory forever. Amen.' 17.20. He said to them, "Because of your unbelief. For most assuredly I tell you, if you have faith as a grain of mustard seed, you will tell this mountain, 'Move from here to there,' and it will move; and nothing will be impossible for you.
32. Seneca The Younger, De Vita Beata (Dialogorum Liber Vii), 15.7 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

33. Clement of Alexandria, Miscellanies, 2.22.131-2.22.136 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

34. Irenaeus, Refutation of All Heresies, 5.8.3 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

35. Diogenes Laertius, Lives of The Philosophers, 7.121-7.122 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

7.121. But Heraclides of Tarsus, who was the disciple of Antipater of Tarsus, and Athenodorus both assert that sins are not equal.Again, the Stoics say that the wise man will take part in politics, if nothing hinders him – so, for instance, Chrysippus in the first book of his work On Various Types of Life – since thus he will restrain vice and promote virtue. Also (they maintain) he will marry, as Zeno says in his Republic, and beget children. Moreover, they say that the wise man will never form mere opinions, that is to say, he will never give assent to anything that is false; that he will also play the Cynic, Cynicism being a short cut to virtue, as Apollodorus calls it in his Ethics; that he will even turn cannibal under stress of circumstances. They declare that he alone is free and bad men are slaves, freedom being power of independent action, whereas slavery is privation of the same; 7.122. though indeed there is also a second form of slavery consisting in subordination, and a third which implies possession of the slave as well as his subordination; the correlative of such servitude being lordship; and this too is evil. Moreover, according to them not only are the wise free, they are also kings; kingship being irresponsible rule, which none but the wise can maintain: so Chrysippus in his treatise vindicating Zeno's use of terminology. For he holds that knowledge of good and evil is a necessary attribute of the ruler, and that no bad man is acquainted with this science. Similarly the wise and good alone are fit to be magistrates, judges, or orators, whereas among the bad there is not one so qualified.
36. Nag Hammadi, The Gospel of Philip, 74.2-74.12 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

37. Origen, Commentary On John, 13.33, 13.38, 13.59 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

38. Origen, On First Principles, 4.2.4 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

39. Methodius of Olympus, Symposium, 9.2 (4th cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

40. Anon., Letter of Aristeas, 166, 165

165. it falls in their way to damage. The weasel class, too, is peculiar: for besides what has been said, it has a characteristic which is defiling: It conceives through the ears and brings forth through the
41. Septuagint, 4 Maccabees, 1.26

1.26. In the soul it is boastfulness, covetousness, thirst for honor, rivalry, and malice;
42. Stobaeus, Eclogues, None



Subjects of this text:

subject book bibliographic info
abraham Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 192
adiaphora/indistinguishable/neutral Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 194
ambrose Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 298
animalism Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
apatheia\u2003 Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
aristotle Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231; Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
ascetic movements of the,and prayer Beatrice (2013), The Transmission of Sin: Augustine and the Pre-Augustinian Sources, 199
augustine Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 298
baptism,filial identity Potter Suh and Holladay (2021), Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays, 555
baptism,forgiveness of sins Potter Suh and Holladay (2021), Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays, 555
baptism,paul Potter Suh and Holladay (2021), Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays, 555
body,connection to sin Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 230
body,passions of Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 230
body Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
body borders of Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153
bridal chamber Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
cassian Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 298
causes of corruption,liturgical influence Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 298
celsus Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235
change of bodily conditions,for sign production Dürr (2022), Paul on the Human Vocation: Reason Language in Romans and Ancient Philosophical Tradition, 223
chastity Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 230
christ-followers,vocation of Dürr (2022), Paul on the Human Vocation: Reason Language in Romans and Ancient Philosophical Tradition, 223
christ event,and human vocation Dürr (2022), Paul on the Human Vocation: Reason Language in Romans and Ancient Philosophical Tradition, 223
christianity,and greek/pagan religion,and judaism Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235
christians,gentile,in the jewish temple Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235
chromatius Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 298
church,as one body in christ deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 144
church Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328
clement of alexandria,on the technical criterion Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
clement of alexandria Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328; Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
cognitive theory Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
compassion,conversion,significance of deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 116, 144
conversion account for paraenetic,fits stoicism better than platonism Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231
conversion account for paraenetic,purposes Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 168
cosmology Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153
creation,inherent goodness of Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 230
creation,mistake Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
creator Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
cynics Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 63
dead sea scrolls Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239
death Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263; Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239, 328
defilement Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
deification/theosis/christosis Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328
demons and sexual sin Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153
demons in paul Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153
desire (epithumia) Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 85
dietary laws biblical Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 85
dietary laws in the second-and third-century texts Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 85
dietary laws symbolic interpretation of Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 85
drunkenness Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
dunn,j. d. g. Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231
emotions [ passions Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
epictetus Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 194
eschatological Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328
eschatology Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
evil,and good Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
exorcisms/exorcise/exorcists/exorcistic Tellbe Wasserman and Nyman (2019), Healing and Exorcism in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity, 232
exousia Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 63
ferguson,e. Potter Suh and Holladay (2021), Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays, 555
flesh Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153; Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239
flesh (as negative force) deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 144
food,impurity of in second- and third-century sources Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 85
free/freedom (ἐλεύθερος/ἐλευθερία,liber/libertas),paul on Brouwer and Vimercati (2020), Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age, 108
freedom (eleutheria) Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 63
galen.,on christianity Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
galen.,on intellectual independence Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
galen.,on the best kind of teaching Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
glory,transformation into Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 230
gnosticism,schools of thought Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
gods,paul on Brouwer and Vimercati (2020), Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age, 108, 109
good,and evil Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
grace,as gods beneficence deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 116
greek vocables and phrases,ἵνα Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 314
harmony Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
heal/healers/healings Tellbe Wasserman and Nyman (2019), Healing and Exorcism in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity, 232
hebrews/israelites,and paul Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 192
heracleon Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79; Tellbe Wasserman and Nyman (2019), Healing and Exorcism in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity, 232
heresy,origen opposing Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
heretics Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 85
hierarchies,social Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153
hilary Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 298
hodayot (thanksgiving) ( Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239
homonymy,immortality Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 230
honor and dishonor deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 116
identity Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 85
idolatry Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153
ignorance Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
inconsistency,in paul Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 1
intellectual independence,,galen and medical discourse on Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
intellectual independence,,in christianity Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
intellectual independence,,paul versus valentinians on Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
intellectual independence Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
interpetation of john,spiritual Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
jacobs well Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
jerome Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 298
jesus,and the samaritan woman at the well Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
jesus,as healer/exorcist Tellbe Wasserman and Nyman (2019), Healing and Exorcism in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity, 232
jesus,atoning/reconciling death of deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 144
jesus,law and Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
jesus/christ (and law,sacrifice/sacrificial vocabulary) Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235
jesus Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
jesus christ Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328
jewish practices/torah observance,circumcision Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 1
jewish practices/torah observance Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 1
jews/judeans/ioudaioi,and ethnic vocabulary in paul Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 192
jews (jewish people),as resistors of divine things Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
jews and gentiles,reconciliation of deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 144
knowledge Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239
law,christ and Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
law,freedom from Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
law,jewish Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235
law,letter of Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
law,paul on Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
law Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
law of nature/natural law,stoic politics Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 63
life Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239, 328
lineage and genealogy as identity marker,in paul Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 192
liturgy of st. james Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 298
marriage,abstinence in Beatrice (2013), The Transmission of Sin: Augustine and the Pre-Augustinian Sources, 199
marriage Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153
marriage analogy Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
matter (material substance/existence) Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
medicine and medical discourse,intellectual independence and Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
menn,stephen Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
messalianism Beatrice (2013), The Transmission of Sin: Augustine and the Pre-Augustinian Sources, 199
methodius of olympus Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 230
metriopatheia\u2003 Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
meyer,p. w. Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231
middle platonism Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
miracles/miraculous/miracle-workers Tellbe Wasserman and Nyman (2019), Healing and Exorcism in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity, 232
moral transformation Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 230
moses (mosaic) Brouwer and Vimercati (2020), Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age, 108
nature/nature Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 194
neither/nothing (oudeteros/ouden) Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 194
neoplatonism Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
new identity Dürr (2022), Paul on the Human Vocation: Reason Language in Romans and Ancient Philosophical Tradition, 223
new testament,as source Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235
on the best kind of teaching (galen) Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
origen,spiritual interpretation by Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
origen Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79; Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235; Tellbe Wasserman and Nyman (2019), Healing and Exorcism in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity, 232
paraenesis (moral exhortation),and transmission of pneuma Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 168
paraenesis (moral exhortation),its stoic character Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231
passions deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 116
passions [ emotions Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
paul,,pauline Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239
paul,,pauline soteriology Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328
paul,baptismal theology Potter Suh and Holladay (2021), Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays, 555
paul,his activity/attitudes to the law,jesus and sacrifice Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235
paul,his epistles Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235
paul,law in Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
paul,marriage analogy of Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
paul,on freedom (ἐλευθερία) from the mosaic law Brouwer and Vimercati (2020), Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age, 108
paul,on god Brouwer and Vimercati (2020), Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age, 108, 109
paul,on intellectual independence Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
paul,on slavery Brouwer and Vimercati (2020), Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age, 108, 109
paul,on spirit (πνεῦμα) Brouwer and Vimercati (2020), Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age, 108, 109
paul Brouwer and Vimercati (2020), Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age, 108, 109; Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328; Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 192; Seim and Okland (2009), Metamorphoses: Resurrection, Body and Transformative Practices in Early Christianity, 155
pauline epistles,letter-carriers Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 314
philip Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
philo Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
philo judeas Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239, 328
plato/platonic/platonism,theaetetus Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328
plato Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231; Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
plutarch Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
pneuma (spirit) in paul,and habitus Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 168
pneuma (spirit) in paul,and prayer Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231
pneuma (spirit) in paul,transmission of in paraenesis Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 168
polemic Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
power Seim and Okland (2009), Metamorphoses: Resurrection, Body and Transformative Practices in Early Christianity, 155
prayer,and pneuma Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231
purity systems,categorization of Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153
reconciliation,ethnic deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 144
reichert,angelika Dürr (2022), Paul on the Human Vocation: Reason Language in Romans and Ancient Philosophical Tradition, 223
resurrection,as eradicator of sin Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 230
resurrection Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328
romans,book of Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239
royal official/βασιλικός Tellbe Wasserman and Nyman (2019), Healing and Exorcism in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity, 232
rüpke,jörg Dürr (2022), Paul on the Human Vocation: Reason Language in Romans and Ancient Philosophical Tradition, 223
sacred and profane Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153
sacrifice,animal,in judaism v,vi Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235
samaritan woman Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
school Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
scripture,allegory for Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
scripture,water metaphor for Azar (2016), Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews", 79
self Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 168
seneca generally Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 63
sexual relations in first-century christian sources Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 153
sexual relations in second- and third-century christian sources Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 85
sin Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239; Mcglothlin (2018), Resurrection as Salvation: Development and Conflict in Pre-Nicene Paulinism, 230
slavery Dürr (2022), Paul on the Human Vocation: Reason Language in Romans and Ancient Philosophical Tradition, 223; Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 1, 63
slavery (δουλεία),paul on Brouwer and Vimercati (2020), Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age, 108, 109
socrates Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 63
specific christian intellectuals,intellectual independence in Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
spirit,effects of,,power,empowerment Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328
spirit,effects of,,transformation Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328
spirit,modes of presence,,indwelling Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239
spirit (πνεῦμα),paul on Brouwer and Vimercati (2020), Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age, 108, 109
stoicism,and paraenesis Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231
stoicism Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 76
stowers,s. k. Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231
suffer/suffering Tellbe Wasserman and Nyman (2019), Healing and Exorcism in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity, 232
temple,(in)justice Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 239
temple (jewish) in jerusalem,christians and the Petropoulou (2012), Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200, 235
theissen,g. Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231
torah deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 144
transformation' Frey and Levison (2014), The Holy Spirit, Inspiration, and the Cultures of Antiquity Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 328
tychicus Doble and Kloha (2014), Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of J. Keith Elliott, 314
valentinian gnosticism Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
valentinus and valentinians Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 87
value (axia) Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 63
values/character as identity marker,for paul Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 192
vocation,of christ-followers,as sign production Dürr (2022), Paul on the Human Vocation: Reason Language in Romans and Ancient Philosophical Tradition, 223
wasserman,e. Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 231
wisdom Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
word Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 263
works,good deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 144
wrath,of god deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 116
zeno Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 63
δικαιοσύνη,sign production for Dürr (2022), Paul on the Human Vocation: Reason Language in Romans and Ancient Philosophical Tradition, 223