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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database



8253
New Testament, Romans, 7.12-7.13


ὥστε ὁ μὲν νόμος ἅγιος, καὶ ἡ ἐντολὴ ἁγία καὶ δικαία καὶ ἀγαθή.Therefore the law indeed is holy, and the commandment holy, and righteous, and good.


Τὸ οὖν ἀγαθὸν ἐμοὶ ἐγένετο θάνατος; μὴ γένοιτο· ἀλλὰ ἡ ἁμαρτία, ἵνα φανῇ ἁμαρτία διὰ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ μοι κατεργαζομένη θάνατον· ἵνα γένηται καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ἁμαρτωλὸς ἡ ἁμαρτία διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς.Did then that which is good become death to me? May it never be! But sin, that it might be shown to be sin, by working death to me through that which is good; that through the commandment sin might become exceeding sinful.


Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

43 results
1. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 19.5, 20.17, 24.7-24.8, 33.9, 33.11, 33.19, 34.5-34.6, 34.30, 34.33-34.35 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

19.5. וְעַתָּה אִם־שָׁמוֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ בְּקֹלִי וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת־בְּרִיתִי וִהְיִיתֶם לִי סְגֻלָּה מִכָּל־הָעַמִּים כִּי־לִי כָּל־הָאָרֶץ׃ 20.17. וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָעָם אַל־תִּירָאוּ כִּי לְבַעֲבוּר נַסּוֹת אֶתְכֶם בָּא הָאֱלֹהִים וּבַעֲבוּר תִּהְיֶה יִרְאָתוֹ עַל־פְּנֵיכֶם לְבִלְתִּי תֶחֱטָאוּ׃ 24.7. וַיִּקַּח סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית וַיִּקְרָא בְּאָזְנֵי הָעָם וַיֹּאמְרוּ כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר יְהוָה נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע׃ 24.8. וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הַדָּם וַיִּזְרֹק עַל־הָעָם וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּה דַם־הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר כָּרַת יְהוָה עִמָּכֶם עַל כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה׃ 33.9. וְהָיָה כְּבֹא מֹשֶׁה הָאֹהֱלָה יֵרֵד עַמּוּד הֶעָנָן וְעָמַד פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וְדִבֶּר עִם־מֹשֶׁה׃ 33.11. וְדִבֶּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים כַּאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר אִישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵהוּ וְשָׁב אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה וּמְשָׁרְתוֹ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נוּן נַעַר לֹא יָמִישׁ מִתּוֹךְ הָאֹהֶל׃ 33.19. וַיֹּאמֶר אֲנִי אַעֲבִיר כָּל־טוּבִי עַל־פָּנֶיךָ וְקָרָאתִי בְשֵׁם יְהוָה לְפָנֶיךָ וְחַנֹּתִי אֶת־אֲשֶׁר אָחֹן וְרִחַמְתִּי אֶת־אֲשֶׁר אֲרַחֵם׃ 34.5. וַיֵּרֶד יְהוָה בֶּעָנָן וַיִּתְיַצֵּב עִמּוֹ שָׁם וַיִּקְרָא בְשֵׁם יְהוָה׃ 34.6. וַיַּעֲבֹר יְהוָה עַל־פָּנָיו וַיִּקְרָא יְהוָה יְהוָה אֵל רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם וְרַב־חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת 34.33. וַיְכַל מֹשֶׁה מִדַּבֵּר אִתָּם וַיִּתֵּן עַל־פָּנָיו מַסְוֶה׃ 34.34. וּבְבֹא מֹשֶׁה לִפְנֵי יְהוָה לְדַבֵּר אִתּוֹ יָסִיר אֶת־הַמַּסְוֶה עַד־צֵאתוֹ וְיָצָא וְדִבֶּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵת אֲשֶׁר יְצֻוֶּה׃ 34.35. וְרָאוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־פְּנֵי מֹשֶׁה כִּי קָרַן עוֹר פְּנֵי מֹשֶׁה וְהֵשִׁיב מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הַמַּסְוֶה עַל־פָּנָיו עַד־בֹּאוֹ לְדַבֵּר אִתּוֹ׃ 19.5. Now therefore, if ye will hearken unto My voice indeed, and keep My covet, then ye shall be Mine own treasure from among all peoples; for all the earth is Mine;" 20.17. And Moses said unto the people: ‘Fear not; for God is come to prove you, and that His fear may be before you, that ye sin not.’" 24.7. And he took the book of the covet, and read in the hearing of the people; and they said: ‘All that the LORD hath spoken will we do, and obey.’" 24.8. And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said: ‘Behold the blood of the covet, which the LORD hath made with you in agreement with all these words.’" 33.9. And it came to pass, when Moses entered into the Tent, the pillar of cloud descended, and stood at the door of the Tent; and [the LORD] spoke with Moses." 33.11. And the LORD spoke unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend. And he would return into the camp; but his minister Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, departed not out of the Tent." 33.19. And He said: ‘I will make all My goodness pass before thee, and will proclaim the name of the LORD before thee; and I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy.’" 34.5. And the LORD descended in the cloud, and stood with him there, and proclaimed the name of the LORD." 34.6. And the LORD passed by before him, and proclaimed: ‘The LORD, the LORD, God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth;" 34.30. And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face sent forth beams; and they were afraid to come nigh him." 34.33. And when Moses had done speaking with them, he put a veil on his face." 34.34. But when Moses went in before the LORD that He might speak with him, he took the veil off, until he came out; and he came out; and spoke unto the children of Israel that which he was commanded." 34.35. And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’face sent forth beams; and Moses put the veil back upon his face, until he went in to speak with Him."
2. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 15.18, 17.2, 17.7, 17.19 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

15.18. בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא כָּרַת יְהוָה אֶת־אַבְרָם בְּרִית לֵאמֹר לְזַרְעֲךָ נָתַתִּי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת מִנְּהַר מִצְרַיִם עַד־הַנָּהָר הַגָּדֹל נְהַר־פְּרָת׃ 17.2. וּלְיִשְׁמָעֵאל שְׁמַעְתִּיךָ הִנֵּה בֵּרַכְתִּי אֹתוֹ וְהִפְרֵיתִי אֹתוֹ וְהִרְבֵּיתִי אֹתוֹ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר נְשִׂיאִם יוֹלִיד וּנְתַתִּיו לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל׃ 17.2. וְאֶתְּנָה בְרִיתִי בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ וְאַרְבֶּה אוֹתְךָ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד׃ 17.7. וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת־בְּרִיתִי בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ וּבֵין זַרְעֲךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ לְדֹרֹתָם לִבְרִית עוֹלָם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים וּלְזַרְעֲךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ׃ 17.19. וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֲבָל שָׂרָה אִשְׁתְּךָ יֹלֶדֶת לְךָ בֵּן וְקָרָאתָ אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יִצְחָק וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת־בְּרִיתִי אִתּוֹ לִבְרִית עוֹלָם לְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָיו׃ 15.18. In that day the LORD made a covet with Abram, saying: ‘Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates;" 17.2. And I will make My covet between Me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly.’" 17.7. And I will establish My covet between Me and thee and thy seed after thee throughout their generations for an everlasting covet, to be a God unto thee and to thy seed after thee." 17.19. And God said: ‘‘Nay, but Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son; and thou shalt call his name Isaac; and I will establish My covet with him for an everlasting covet for his seed after him."
3. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 25.12-25.13 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

25.12. לָכֵן אֱמֹר הִנְנִי נֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת־בְּרִיתִי שָׁלוֹם׃ 25.13. וְהָיְתָה לּוֹ וּלְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָיו בְּרִית כְּהֻנַּת עוֹלָם תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר קִנֵּא לֵאלֹהָיו וַיְכַפֵּר עַל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃ 25.12. Wherefore say: Behold, I give unto him My covet of peace;" 25.13. and it shall be unto him, and to his seed after him, the covet of an everlasting priesthood; because he was jealous for his God, and made atonement for the children of Israel.’"
4. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 36.8-36.10, 89.4, 143.2 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

36.8. מַה־יָּקָר חַסְדְּךָ אֱלֹהִים וּבְנֵי אָדָם בְּצֵל כְּנָפֶיךָ יֶחֱסָיוּן׃ 36.9. יִרְוְיֻן מִדֶּשֶׁן בֵּיתֶךָ וְנַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ תַשְׁקֵם׃ 89.4. כָּרַתִּי בְרִית לִבְחִירִי נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְדָוִד עַבְדִּי׃ 89.4. נֵאַרְתָּה בְּרִית עַבְדֶּךָ חִלַּלְתָּ לָאָרֶץ נִזְרוֹ׃ 143.2. וְאַל־תָּבוֹא בְמִשְׁפָּט אֶת־עַבְדֶּךָ כִּי לֹא־יִצְדַּק לְפָנֶיךָ כָל־חָי׃ 36.8. How precious is Thy lovingkindness, O God! And the children of men take refuge in the shadow of Thy wings." 36.9. They are abundantly satisfied with the fatness of Thy house; And Thou makest them drink of the river of Thy pleasures." 36.10. For with Thee is the fountain of life; In Thy light do we see light." 89.4. I have made a covet with My chosen, I have sworn unto David My servant:" 143.2. And enter not into judgment with Thy servant; For in Thy sight shall no man living be justified."
5. Hebrew Bible, 2 Samuel, 23.5 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

23.5. כִּי־לֹא־כֵן בֵּיתִי עִם־אֵל כִּי בְרִית עוֹלָם שָׂם לִי עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל וּשְׁמֻרָה כִּי־כָל־יִשְׁעִי וְכָל־חֵפֶץ כִּי־לֹא יַצְמִיחַ׃ 23.5. but is not my house firm with God? for he has made with me an everlasting covet, ordered in all things and sure; for will he not make all my salvation, and all my desire, to prosper?"
6. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 6.10 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

6.10. Make the heart of this people fat, and make their ears heavy, and shut their eyes; lest they, seeing with their eyes, and hearing with their ears, and understanding with their heart, return, and be healed.’"
7. Hebrew Bible, Jeremiah, 31.31-31.34, 33.19-33.22 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

31.31. הִנֵּה יָמִים בָּאִים נְאֻם־יְהוָה וְכָרַתִּי אֶת־בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶת־בֵּית יְהוּדָה בְּרִית חֲדָשָׁה׃ 31.32. לֹא כַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר כָּרַתִּי אֶת־אֲבוֹתָם בְּיוֹם הֶחֱזִיקִי בְיָדָם לְהוֹצִיאָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם אֲשֶׁר־הֵמָּה הֵפֵרוּ אֶת־בְּרִיתִי וְאָנֹכִי בָּעַלְתִּי בָם נְאֻם־יְהוָה׃ 31.33. כִּי זֹאת הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר אֶכְרֹת אֶת־בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֲרֵי הַיָּמִים הָהֵם נְאֻם־יְהוָה נָתַתִּי אֶת־תּוֹרָתִי בְּקִרְבָּם וְעַל־לִבָּם אֶכְתֲּבֶנָּה וְהָיִיתִי לָהֶם לֵאלֹהִים וְהֵמָּה יִהְיוּ־לִי לְעָם׃ 31.34. וְלֹא יְלַמְּדוּ עוֹד אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶת־אָחִיו לֵאמֹר דְּעוּ אֶת־יְהוָה כִּי־כוּלָּם יֵדְעוּ אוֹתִי לְמִקְטַנָּם וְעַד־גְּדוֹלָם נְאֻם־יְהוָה כִּי אֶסְלַח לַעֲוֺנָם וּלְחַטָּאתָם לֹא אֶזְכָּר־עוֹד׃ 33.19. וַיְהִי דְּבַר־יְהוָה אֶל־יִרְמְיָהוּ לֵאמוֹר׃ 33.21. גַּם־בְּרִיתִי תֻפַר אֶת־דָּוִד עַבְדִּי מִהְיוֹת־לוֹ בֵן מֹלֵךְ עַל־כִּסְאוֹ וְאֶת־הַלְוִיִּם הַכֹּהֲנִים מְשָׁרְתָי׃ 33.22. אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִסָּפֵר צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם וְלֹא יִמַּד חוֹל הַיָּם כֵּן אַרְבֶּה אֶת־זֶרַע דָּוִד עַבְדִּי וְאֶת־הַלְוִיִּם מְשָׁרְתֵי אֹתִי׃ 31.31. Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covet with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah;" 31.32. not according to the covet that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; forasmuch as they broke My covet, although I was a lord over them, saith the LORD." 31.33. But this is the covet that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the LORD, I will put My law in their inward parts, and in their heart will I write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people;" 31.34. and they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying: ‘Know the LORD’; for they shall all know Me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD; for I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin will I remember no more." 33.19. And the word of the LORD came unto Jeremiah, saying:" 33.20. Thus saith the LORD: If ye can break My covet with the day, And My covet with the night, So that there should not be day and night in their season;" 33.21. Then may also My covet be broken with David My servant, That he should not have a son to reign upon his throne; And with the Levites the priests, My ministers." 33.22. As the host of heaven cannot be numbered, Neither the sand of the sea measured; So will I multiply the seed of David My servant, And the Levites that minister unto Me."
8. Plato, Phaedrus, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

274b. noble objects, no matter what happens to us. Phaedrus. Certainly. Socrates. We have, then, said enough about the art of speaking and that which is no art. Phaedrus. Assuredly. Socrates. But we have still to speak of propriety and impropriety in writing, how it should be done and how it is improper, have we not? Phaedrus. Yes. Socrates. Do you know how you can act or speak about rhetoric so as to please God best? Phaedrus. Not at all; do you?
9. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 45.24-45.25 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

45.24. Therefore a covet of peace was established with him,that he should be leader of the sanctuary and of his people,that he and his descendants should have the dignity of the priesthood for ever. 45.25. A covet was also established with David,the son of Jesse, of the tribe of Judah:the heritage of the king is from son to son only;so the heritage of Aaron is for his descendants.
10. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 8.21, 45.24-45.25 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)

8.21. But I perceived that I would not possess wisdom unless God gave her to me -- and it was a mark of insight to know whose gift she was -- so I appealed to the Lord and besought him,and with my whole heart I said:
11. Epictetus, Discourses, 3.7.4, 4.1.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

12. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 15.136, 20.200 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

15.136. for these Arabians have done what both the Greeks and barbarians own to be an instance of the grossest wickedness, with regard to our ambassadors, which they have beheaded, while the Greeks declare that such ambassadors are sacred and inviolable. And for ourselves, we have learned from God the most excellent of our doctrines, and the most holy part of our law, by angels or ambassadors; for this name brings God to the knowledge of mankind, and is sufficient to reconcile enemies one to another.
13. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 1.2, 1.30-1.31, 2.6-2.16, 3.17, 5.7, 6.1-6.2, 6.11, 6.15, 6.19, 7.10, 7.14, 7.18-7.19, 7.24-7.25, 7.34, 7.39, 8.9, 9.8, 9.19-9.22, 10.2, 10.32, 11.23-11.25, 12.13, 14.21, 14.34, 14.37, 15.12, 16.1 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.2. to the assembly of God whichis at Corinth; those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to besaints, with all who call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ in everyplace, both theirs and ours: 1.30. But of him, you are in ChristJesus, who was made to us wisdom from God, and righteousness andsanctification, and redemption: 1.31. that, according as it iswritten, "He who boasts, let him boast in the Lord. 2.6. We speak wisdom, however, among those who are fullgrown; yet a wisdom not of this world, nor of the rulers of this world,who are coming to nothing. 2.7. But we speak God's wisdom in amystery, the wisdom that has been hidden, which God foreordained beforethe worlds to our glory 2.8. which none of the rulers of this worldhas known. For had they known it, they wouldn't have crucified the Lordof glory. 2.9. But as it is written,"Things which an eye didn't see, and an ear didn't hear,Which didn't enter into the heart of man,These God has prepared for those who love him. 2.10. But to us, God revealed them through the Spirit. For theSpirit searches all things, yes, the deep things of God. 2.11. For whoamong men knows the things of a man, except the spirit of the man,which is in him? Even so, no one knows the things of God, except God'sSpirit. 2.12. But we received, not the spirit of the world, but theSpirit which is from God, that we might know the things that werefreely given to us by God. 2.13. Which things also we speak, not inwords which man's wisdom teaches, but which the Holy Spirit teaches,comparing spiritual things with spiritual things. 2.14. Now thenatural man doesn't receive the things of God's Spirit, for they arefoolishness to him, and he can't know them, because they arespiritually discerned. 2.15. But he who is spiritual discerns allthings, and he himself is judged by no one. 2.16. For who has knownthe mind of the Lord, that he should instruct him?" But we haveChrist's mind. 3.17. If anyone destroys the temple of God, Godwill destroy him; for God's temple is holy, which you are. 5.7. Purge out the old yeast, that you may bea new lump, even as you are unleavened. For indeed Christ, ourPassover, has been sacrificed in our place. 6.1. Dare any of you, having a matter against his neighbor, go tolaw before the unrighteous, and not before the saints? 6.2. Don't youknow that the saints will judge the world? And if the world is judgedby you, are you unworthy to judge the smallest matters? 6.11. Such were some of you, but you were washed. But you were sanctified.But you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and in the Spiritof our God. 6.15. Don't you know that your bodies aremembers of Christ? Shall I then take the members of Christ, and makethem members of a prostitute? May it never be! 6.19. Or don't you know that your body is a temple ofthe Holy Spirit which is in you, which you have from God? You are notyour own 7.10. But to the married I command-- not I, but the Lord -- that the wife not leave her husband 7.14. For theunbelieving husband is sanctified in the wife, and the unbelieving wifeis sanctified in the husband. Otherwise your children would be unclean,but now are they holy. 7.18. Was anyone called having been circumcised? Let him not becomeuncircumcised. Has anyone been called in uncircumcision? Let him not becircumcised. 7.19. Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision isnothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God. 7.24. Brothers, let eachman, in whatever condition he was called, stay in that condition withGod. 7.25. Now concerning virgins, I have no commandment from the Lord,but I give my judgment as one who has obtained mercy from the Lord tobe trustworthy. 7.34. There is also a difference between a wife and a virgin. Theunmarried woman cares about the things of the Lord, that she may beholy both in body and in spirit. But she who is married cares about thethings of the world -- how she may please her husband. 7.39. A wife is bound by law for as long as her husband lives;but if the husband is dead, she is free to be married to whoever shedesires, only in the Lord. 8.9. But be careful that by no means does this liberty ofyours become a stumbling block to the weak. 9.8. DoI speak these things according to the ways of men? Or doesn't the lawalso say the same thing? 9.19. For though I was free fromall, I brought myself under bondage to all, that I might gain the more. 9.20. To the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain Jews; to thosewho are under the law, as under the law, that I might gain those whoare under the law; 9.21. to those who are without law, as without law(not being without law toward God, but under law toward Christ), that Imight win those who are without law. 9.22. To the weak I became asweak, that I might gain the weak. I have become all things to all men,that I may by all means save some. 10.2. andwere all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea; 10.32. Give no occasions for stumbling, either to Jews, or to Greeks,or to the assembly of God; 11.23. For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered toyou, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed tookbread. 11.24. When he had given thanks, he broke it, and said, "Take,eat. This is my body, which is broken for you. Do this in memory ofme. 11.25. In the same way he also took the cup, after supper,saying, "This cup is the new covet in my blood. Do this, as often asyou drink, in memory of me. 12.13. For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whetherJews or Greeks, whether bond or free; and were all given to drink intoone Spirit. 14.21. In the law it is written,"By men of strange languages and by the lips of strangers I will speakto this people. Not even thus will they hear me, says the Lord. 14.34. let your wives keepsilent in the assemblies, for it has not been permitted for them tospeak; but let them be in subjection, as the law also says. 14.37. If any man thinks himself to be a prophet, orspiritual, let him recognize the things which I write to you, that theyare the commandment of the Lord. 15.12. Now if Christ is preached, that he has been raised from thedead, how do some among you say that there is no resurrection of thedead? 16.1. Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I commandedthe assemblies of Galatia, you do likewise.
14. New Testament, 1 Thessalonians, 1.4-1.6, 2.13, 3.13, 4.3-4.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.4. We know, brothers loved by God, that you are chosen 1.5. and that our gospel came to you not in word only, but also in power, and in the Holy Spirit, and with much assurance. You know what kind of men we showed ourselves to be among you for your sake. 1.6. You became imitators of us, and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Spirit 2.13. For this cause we also thank God without ceasing, that, when you received from us the word of the message of God, you accepted it not as the word of men, but, as it is in truth, the word of God, which also works in you who believe. 3.13. to the end he may establish your hearts blameless in holiness before our God and Father, at the coming of our Lord Jesus with all his saints. 4.3. For this is the will of God: your sanctification, that you abstain from sexual immorality 4.4. that each one of you know how to possess himself of his own vessel in sanctification and honor
15. New Testament, 1 Timothy, 1.1, 1.8-1.9, 4.5, 6.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.1. Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus according to the commandment of God our Savior, and Christ Jesus our hope; 1.8. But we know that the law is good, if a man uses it lawfully 1.9. as knowing this, that law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and insubordinate, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers 4.5. For it is sanctified through the word of God and prayer. 6.3. If anyone teaches a different doctrine, and doesn't consent to sound words, the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness
16. New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 3.1-3.9, 3.14-3.15, 3.17, 4.1-4.17, 5.4-5.5, 5.21, 7.1, 8.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

17. New Testament, 2 Timothy, 1.13, 2.21-2.22 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.13. Hold the pattern of sound words which you have heard from me, in faith and love which is in Christ Jesus. 2.21. If anyone therefore purges himself from these, he will be a vessel for honor, sanctified, and suitable for the master's use, prepared for every good work. 2.22. Flee from youthful lusts; but pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace with those who call on the Lord out of a pure heart.
18. New Testament, Acts, 7.53 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

7.53. You received the law as it was ordained by angels, and didn't keep it!
19. New Testament, Apocalypse, 9.20-9.21 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

9.20. The rest of mankind, who were not killed with these plagues, didn't repent of the works of their hands, that they wouldn't worship demons, and the idols of gold, and of silver, and of brass, and of stone, and of wood; which can neither see, nor hear, nor walk. 9.21. They didn't repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their sexual immorality, nor of their thefts.
20. New Testament, Colossians, 2.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.12. having been buried with him in baptism, in which you were also raised with him through faith in the working of God, who raised him from the dead.
21. New Testament, Ephesians, 2.12, 2.15, 5.26 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.12. that you were at that time separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covets of the promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 2.15. having abolished in the flesh the hostility, the law of commandments contained in ordices, that he might create in himself one new man of the two, making peace; 5.26. that he might sanctify it, having cleansed it by the washing of water with the word
22. New Testament, Galatians, 1.13-1.14, 1.19, 2.4, 2.7-2.8, 2.11-2.21, 3.10-3.14, 3.16, 3.19-3.22, 3.24, 3.27-3.28, 4.2-4.5, 4.21-4.31, 5.1-5.6, 5.11, 5.13-5.14, 5.17, 5.22-5.23, 6.2, 6.8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.13. For you have heard of my way ofliving in time past in the Jews' religion, how that beyond measure Ipersecuted the assembly of God, and ravaged it. 1.14. I advanced inthe Jews' religion beyond many of my own age among my countrymen, beingmore exceedingly zealous for the traditions of my fathers. 1.19. But of the otherapostles I saw no one, except James, the Lord's brother. 2.4. Thiswas because of the false brothers secretly brought in, who stole in tospy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they mightbring us into bondage; 2.7. but to the contrary, when they saw that Ihad been entrusted with the gospel for the uncircumcision, even asPeter with the gospel for the circumcision 2.8. (for he who appointedPeter to the apostleship of the circumcision appointed me also to theGentiles); 2.11. But when Peter came to Antioch, I resisted him to the face,because he stood condemned. 2.12. For before some people came fromJames, he ate with the Gentiles. But when they came, he drew back andseparated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. 2.13. And the rest of the Jews joined him in his hypocrisy; so that evenBarnabas was carried away with their hypocrisy. 2.14. But when I sawthat they didn't walk uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, Isaid to Peter before them all, "If you, being a Jew, live as theGentiles do, and not as the Jews do, why do you compel the Gentiles tolive as the Jews do? 2.15. We, being Jews by nature, and not Gentile sinners 2.16. yet knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law butthrough the faith of Jesus Christ, even we believed in Christ Jesus,that we might be justified by faith in Christ, and not by the works ofthe law, because no flesh will be justified by the works of the law. 2.17. But if, while we sought to be justified in Christ, we ourselvesalso were found sinners, is Christ a servant of sin? Certainly not! 2.18. For if I build up again those things which I destroyed, I provemyself a law-breaker. 2.19. For I, through the law, died to the law,that I might live to God. 2.20. I have been crucified with Christ, andit is no longer I that live, but Christ living in me. That life which Inow live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me,and gave himself up for me. 2.21. I don't make void the grace of God.For if righteousness is through the law, then Christ died for nothing! 3.10. For as many as are of the works of the law areunder a curse. For it is written, "Cursed is everyone who doesn'tcontinue in all things that are written in the book of the law, to dothem. 3.11. Now that no man is justified by the law before God isevident, for, "The righteous will live by faith. 3.12. The law is notof faith, but, "The man who does them will live by them. 3.13. Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become acurse for us. For it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on atree 3.14. that the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentilesthrough Christ Jesus; that we might receive the promise of the Spiritthrough faith. 3.16. Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and tohis seed. He doesn't say, "To seeds," as of many, but as of one, "Toyour seed," which is Christ. 3.19. What then is the law? It was added because of transgressions,until the seed should come to whom the promise has been made. It wasordained through angels by the hand of a mediator. 3.20. Now amediator is not between one, but God is one. 3.21. Is the law thenagainst the promises of God? Certainly not! For if there had been a lawgiven which could make alive, most assuredly righteousness would havebeen of the law. 3.22. But the Scriptures shut up all things undersin, that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to thosewho believe. 3.24. So that the law has become our tutor to bring us toChrist, that we might be justified by faith. 3.27. For as many of you as werebaptized into Christ have put on Christ. 3.28. There is neither Jewnor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither malenor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 4.2. but isunder guardians and stewards until the day appointed by the father. 4.3. So we also, when we were children, were held in bondage under theelements of the world. 4.4. But when the fullness of the time came,God sent out his Son, born to a woman, born under the law 4.5. thathe might redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive theadoption of sons. 4.21. Tell me, you that desire to be under the law, don't you listen to thelaw? 4.22. For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by thehandmaid, and one by the free woman. 4.23. However, the son by thehandmaid was born according to the flesh, but the son by the free womanwas born through promise. 4.24. These things contain an allegory, forthese are two covets. One is from Mount Sinai, bearing children tobondage, which is Hagar. 4.25. For this Hagar is Mount Sinai inArabia, and answers to the Jerusalem that exists now, for she is inbondage with her children. 4.26. But the Jerusalem that is above isfree, which is the mother of us all. 4.27. For it is written,"Rejoice, you barren who don't bear. Break forth and shout, you that don't travail. For more are the children of the desolate than of her who has a husband. 4.28. Now we, brothers, as Isaac was, are children of promise. 4.29. But as then, he who was born according to the flesh persecutedhim who was born according to the Spirit, so also it is now. 4.30. However what does the Scripture say? "Throw out the handmaid and herson, for the son of the handmaid will not inherit with the son of thefree woman. 4.31. So then, brothers, we are not children of ahandmaid, but of the free woman. 5.1. Stand firm therefore in the liberty by which Christ has madeus free, and don't be entangled again with a yoke of bondage. 5.2. Behold, I, Paul, tell you that if you receive circumcision, Christ willprofit you nothing. 5.3. Yes, I testify again to every man whoreceives circumcision, that he is a debtor to do the whole law. 5.4. You are alienated from Christ, you who desire to be justified by thelaw. You have fallen away from grace. 5.5. For we, through the Spirit,by faith wait for the hope of righteousness. 5.6. For in Christ Jesusneither circumcision amounts to anything, nor uncircumcision, but faithworking through love. 5.11. But I, brothers, if I still preach circumcision, why am Istill persecuted? Then the stumbling-block of the cross has beenremoved. 5.13. For you, brothers, were called for freedom. Only don't useyour freedom for gain to the flesh, but through love be servants to oneanother. 5.14. For the whole law is fulfilled in one word, in this:"You shall love your neighbor as yourself. 5.17. For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and theSpirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one other, that youmay not do the things that you desire. 5.22. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience,kindness, goodness, faithfulness 5.23. gentleness, and self-control.Against such things there is no law. 6.2. Bear one another'sburdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ. 6.8. For hewho sows to his own flesh will from the flesh reap corruption. But hewho sows to the Spirit will from the Spirit reap eternal life.
23. New Testament, Hebrews, 2.2, 6.2, 7.5, 7.16, 7.18, 9.10, 9.19 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.2. For if the word spoken through angels proved steadfast, and every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense; 6.2. of the teaching of baptisms, of laying on of hands, of resurrection of the dead, and of eternal judgment. 7.5. They indeed of the sons of Levi who receive the priest's office have a commandment to take tithes of the people according to the law, that is, of their brothers, though these have come out of the loins of Abraham 7.16. who has been made, not after the law of a fleshly commandment, but after the power of an endless life: 7.18. For there is an annulling of a foregoing commandment because of its weakness and uselessness 9.10. being only (with meats and drinks and various washings) fleshly ordices, imposed until a time of reformation. 9.19. For when every commandment had been spoken by Moses to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of the calves and the goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people
24. New Testament, Philippians, 1.9, 1.17, 1.25, 2.2, 2.17-2.18, 2.27-2.28, 3.1, 3.3-3.11, 4.1, 4.4, 4.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.9. This I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and all discernment; 1.17. but the latter out of love, knowing that I am appointed for the defense of the gospel. 1.25. Having this confidence, I know that I will remain, yes, and remain with you all, for your progress and joy in the faith 2.2. make my joy full, by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind; 2.17. Yes, and if I am poured out on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I rejoice, and rejoice with you all. 2.27. For indeed he was sick, nearly to death, but God had mercy on him; and not on him only, but on me also, that I might not have sorrow on sorrow. 2.28. I have sent him therefore the more diligently, that, when you see him again, you may rejoice, and that I may be the less sorrowful. 3.1. Finally, my brothers, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same things to you, to me indeed is not tiresome, but for you it is safe. 3.3. For we are the circumcision, who worship God in the Spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh; 3.4. though I myself might have confidence even in the flesh. If any other man thinks that he has confidence in the flesh, I yet more: 3.5. circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; concerning the law, a Pharisee; 3.6. concerning zeal, persecuting the assembly; concerning the righteousness which is in the law, found blameless. 3.7. However, what things were gain to me, these have I counted loss for Christ. 3.8. Yes most assuredly, and I count all things to be loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus, my Lord, for whom I suffered the loss of all things, and count them nothing but refuse, that I may gain Christ 3.9. and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own, that which is of the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is from God by faith; 3.10. that I may know him, and the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his sufferings, becoming conformed to his death; 3.11. if by any means I may attain to the resurrection from the dead. 4.1. Therefore, my brothers, beloved and longed for, my joy and crown, so stand firm in the Lord, my beloved. 4.4. Rejoice in the Lord always! Again I will say, Rejoice! 4.10. But I rejoice in the Lord greatly, that now at length you have revived your thought for me; in which you did indeed take thought, but you lacked opportunity.
25. New Testament, Romans, 1, 1.4, 1.11, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.18-3.20, 1.19, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.30, 1.31, 1.32, 2, 2.6, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.17, 2.18, 2.19, 2.20, 2.21, 2.22, 2.23, 2.24, 2.25, 2.26, 2.27, 2.28, 2.29, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22, 3.23, 3.24, 3.25, 3.26, 3.27, 3.28, 3.29, 3.30, 3.31, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17, 4.19, 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19, 5.20, 5.21, 6, 6.1, 6.1-8.13, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.14, 6.15, 6.16, 6.17, 6.18, 6.19, 6.20, 6.21, 6.22, 6.23, 7, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18, 7.19, 7.20, 7.21, 7.22, 7.23, 7.24, 7.25, 7.32, 7.33, 7.34, 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11, 8.12, 8.13, 8.14, 8.15, 8.16, 8.17, 8.18, 8.19, 8.20, 8.21, 8.22, 8.23, 8.24, 8.25, 8.26, 8.27, 8.28, 8.29, 8.30, 8.31, 8.32, 8.33, 8.34, 8.35, 8.36, 8.37, 8.38, 8.39, 9, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15, 9.16, 9.17, 9.18, 9.19, 9.20, 9.21, 9.22, 9.23, 9.24, 9.25, 9.26, 9.27, 9.28, 9.29, 9.30, 9.31, 10, 10.4, 10.5, 10.14, 11, 11.6, 11.7, 11.25, 11.27, 11.33, 11.34, 11.35, 11.36, 12, 12.1, 12.2, 13, 13.8, 13.9, 13.10, 13.13, 13.14, 14, 14.15, 14.17, 14.20, 14.21, 15, 15.16, 15.26, 15.31, 16 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

26. New Testament, Titus, 1.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.9. holding to the faithful word which is according to the teaching, that he may be able to exhort in the sound doctrine, and to convict those who contradict him.
27. New Testament, John, 1.3, 3.6, 6.63, 13.34, 15.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.3. All things were made through him. Without him was not anything made that has been made. 3.6. That which is born of the flesh is flesh. That which is born of the Spirit is spirit. 6.63. It is the spirit who gives life. The flesh profits nothing. The words that I speak to you are spirit, and are life. 13.34. A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another, just like I have loved you; that you also love one another. 15.12. This is my commandment, that you love one another, even as I have loved you.
28. New Testament, Luke, 16.18 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

16.18. Everyone who divorces his wife, and marries another, commits adultery. He who marries one who is divorced from a husband commits adultery.
29. New Testament, Mark, 10.1-10.11, 14.38 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

10.1. He arose from there and came into the borders of Judea and beyond the Jordan. Multitudes came together to him again. As he usually did, he was again teaching them. 10.2. Pharisees came to him testing him, and asked him, "Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife? 10.3. He answered, "What did Moses command you? 10.4. They said, "Moses allowed a certificate of divorce to be written, and to divorce her. 10.5. But Jesus said to them, "For your hardness of heart, he wrote you this commandment. 10.6. But from the beginning of the creation, 'God made them male and female. 10.7. For this cause a man will leave his father and mother, and will join to his wife 10.8. and the two will become one flesh,' so that they are no longer two, but one flesh. 10.9. What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate. 10.10. In the house, his disciples asked him again about the same matter. 10.11. He said to them, "Whoever divorces his wife, and marries another, commits adultery against her. 14.38. Watch and pray, that you not enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.
30. New Testament, Matthew, a b c d\n0 "3.4" "3.4" "3 4"\n1 15.4 15.4 15 4\n2 15.5 15.5 15 5\n3 15.6 15.6 15 6\n4 15.7 15.7 15 7\n5 15.8 15.8 15 8\n6 15.9 15.9 15 9\n7 19 19 19 None\n8 19.1 19.1 19 1\n9 19.2 19.2 19 2\n10 19.3 19.3 19 3\n11 19.4 19.4 19 4\n12 19.5 19.5 19 5\n13 19.6 19.6 19 6\n14 19.7 19.7 19 7\n15 19.8 19.8 19 8\n16 19.9 19.9 19 9\n17 26.41 26.41 26 41\n18 5.21 5.21 5 21\n19 5.22 5.22 5 22\n20 5.23 5.23 5 23\n21 5.24 5.24 5 24\n22 5.25 5.25 5 25\n23 5.26 5.26 5 26\n24 5.27 5.27 5 27\n25 5.28 5.28 5 28\n26 5.29 5.29 5 29\n27 5.30 5.30 5 30\n28 5.31 5.31 5 31\n29 5.32 5.32 5 32\n30 5.33 5.33 5 33\n31 5.34 5.34 5 34\n32 5.35 5.35 5 35\n33 5.36 5.36 5 36\n34 5.37 5.37 5 37\n35 5.39 5.39 5 39\n36 8.6 8.6 8 6 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

31. Ptolemy, Epistle To Flora, 3.6 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

32. Tertullian, On The Veiling of Virgins, 1.1, 4.1 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

33. Nag Hammadi, The Gospel of Philip, 74.2-74.12, 75.3-75.9 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

34. Origen, Commentary On John, 5.8 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

35. Augustine, Confessions, 8, 10 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

36. Augustine, Against Julian, 1.48, 5.6 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

37. Augustine, De Diversis Quaestionibus Ad Simplicianum, 1.1.1-1.1.3, 1.1.7, 1.1.17, 1.2, 1.2.12-1.2.13, 66.5, 68.5 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

38. Augustine, De Nuptiis Et Concupiscentia, 1.35 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

39. Augustine, De Peccatorum Meritis Et Remissione Et De Baptismo Parvulorum, 1.6, 1.9-1.10, 1.13-1.15, 1.19, 2.15-2.17 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

40. Augustine, De Praedestinatione Sanctorum., 11 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

41. Augustine, The City of God, 14.21-14.24 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

14.21. Far be it, then, from us to suppose that our first parents in Paradise felt that lust which caused them afterwards to blush and hide their nakedness, or that by its means they should have fulfilled the benediction of God, Increase and multiply and replenish the earth; Genesis 1:28 for it was after sin that lust began. It was after sin that our nature, having lost the power it had over the whole body, but not having lost all shame, perceived, noticed, blushed at, and covered it. But that blessing upon marriage, which encouraged them to increase and multiply and replenish the earth, though it continued even after they had sinned, was yet given before they sinned, in order that the procreation of children might be recognized as part of the glory of marriage, and not of the punishment of sin. But now, men being ignorant of the blessedness of Paradise, suppose that children could not have been begotten there in any other way than they know them to be begotten now, i.e., by lust, at which even honorable marriage blushes; some not simply rejecting, but sceptically deriding the divine Scriptures, in which we read that our first parents, after they sinned, were ashamed of their nakedness, and covered it; while others, though they accept and honor Scripture, yet conceive that this expression, Increase and multiply, refers not to carnal fecundity, because a similar expression is used of the soul in the words, You will multiply me with strength in my soul; and so, too, in the words which follow in Genesis, And replenish the earth, and subdue it, they understand by the earth the body which the soul fills with its presence, and which it rules over when it is multiplied in strength. And they hold that children could no more then than now be begotten without lust, which, after sin, was kindled, observed, blushed for, and covered; and even that children would not have been born in Paradise, but only outside of it, as in fact it turned out. For it was after they were expelled from it that they came together to beget children, and begot them. 14.22. But we, for our part, have no manner of doubt that to increase and multiply and replenish the earth in virtue of the blessing of God, is a gift of marriage as God instituted it from the beginning before man sinned, when He created them male and female - in other words, two sexes manifestly distinct. And it was this work of God on which His blessing was pronounced. For no sooner had Scripture said, Male and female created He them, Genesis 1:27-28 than it immediately continues, And God blessed them, and God said to them, Increase, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it, etc. And though all these things may not unsuitably be interpreted in a spiritual sense, yet male and female cannot be understood of two things in one man, as if there were in him one thing which rules, another which is ruled; but it is quite clear that they were created male and female, with bodies of different sexes, for the very purpose of begetting offspring, and so increasing, multiplying, and replenishing the earth; and it is great folly to oppose so plain a fact. It was not of the spirit which commands and the body which obeys, nor of the rational soul which rules and the irrational desire which is ruled, nor of the contemplative virtue which is supreme and the active which is subject, nor of the understanding of the mind and the sense of the body, but plainly of the matrimonial union by which the sexes are mutually bound together, that our Lord, when asked whether it were lawful for any cause to put away one's wife (for on account of the hardness of the hearts of the Israelites Moses permitted a bill of divorcement to be given), answered and said, Have you not read that He which made them at the beginning made them male and female, and said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife, and they two shall be one flesh? Wherefore they are no more two, but one flesh. What, therefore, God has joined together, let not man put asunder. Matthew 19:4-5 It is certain, then, that from the first men were created, as we see and know them to be now, of two sexes, male and female, and that they are called one, either on account of the matrimonial union, or on account of the origin of the woman, who was created from the side of the man. And it is by this original example, which God Himself instituted, that the apostle admonishes all husbands to love their own wives in particular. Ephesians 5:25 14.23. But he who says that there should have been neither copulation nor generation but for sin, virtually says that man's sin was necessary to complete the number of the saints. For if these two by not sinning should have continued to live alone, because, as is supposed, they could not have begotten children had they not sinned, then certainly sin was necessary in order that there might be not only two but many righteous men. And if this cannot be maintained without absurdity, we must rather believe that the number of the saints fit to complete this most blessed city would have been as great though no one had sinned, as it is now that the grace of God gathers its citizens out of the multitude of sinners, so long as the children of this world generate and are generated. Luke 20:34 And therefore that marriage, worthy of the happiness of Paradise, should have had desirable fruit without the shame of lust, had there been no sin. But how that could be, there is now no example to teach us. Nevertheless, it ought not to seem incredible that one member might serve the will without lust then, since so many serve it now. Do we now move our feet and hands when we will to do the things we would by means of these members? Do we meet with no resistance in them, but perceive that they are ready servants of the will, both in our own case and in that of others, and especially of artisans employed in mechanical operations, by which the weakness and clumsiness of nature become, through industrious exercise, wonderfully dexterous? And shall we not believe that, like as all those members obediently serve the will, so also should the members have discharged the function of generation, though lust, the award of disobedience, had been awanting? Did not Cicero, in discussing the difference of governments in his De Republica, adopt a simile from human nature, and say that we command our bodily members as children, they are so obedient; but that the vicious parts of the soul must be treated as slaves, and be coerced with a more stringent authority? And no doubt, in the order of nature, the soul is more excellent than the body; and yet the soul commands the body more easily than itself. Nevertheless this lust, of which we at present speak, is the more shameful on this account, because the soul is therein neither master of itself, so as not to lust at all, nor of the body, so as to keep the members under the control of the will; for if they were thus ruled, there should be no shame. But now the soul is ashamed that the body, which by nature is inferior and subject to it, should resist its authority. For in the resistance experienced by the soul in the other emotions there is less shame, because the resistance is from itself, and thus, when it is conquered by itself, itself is the conqueror, although the conquest is inordinate and vicious, because accomplished by those parts of the soul which ought to be subject to reason, yet, being accomplished by its own parts and energies, the conquest is, as I say, its own. For when the soul conquers itself to a due subordination, so that its unreasonable motions are controlled by reason, while it again is subject to God, this is a conquest virtuous and praiseworthy. Yet there is less shame when the soul is resisted by its own vicious parts than when its will and order are resisted by the body, which is distinct from and inferior to it, and dependent on it for life itself. But so long as the will retains under its authority the other members, without which the members excited by lust to resist the will cannot accomplish what they seek, chastity is preserved, and the delight of sin foregone. And certainly, had not culpable disobedience been visited with penal disobedience, the marriage of Paradise should have been ignorant of this struggle and rebellion, this quarrel between will and lust, that the will may be satisfied and lust restrained, but those members, like all the rest, should have obeyed the will. The field of generation should have been sown by the organ created for this purpose, as the earth is sown by the hand. And whereas now, as we essay to investigate this subject more exactly, modesty hinders us, and compels us to ask pardon of chaste ears, there would have been no cause to do so, but we could have discoursed freely, and without fear of seeming obscene, upon all those points which occur to one who meditates on the subject. There would not have been even words which could be called obscene, but all that might be said of these members would have been as pure as what is said of the other parts of the body. Whoever, then, comes to the perusal of these pages with unchaste mind, let him blame his disposition, not his nature; let him brand the actings of his own impurity, not the words which necessity forces us to use, and for which every pure and pious reader or hearer will very readily pardon me, while I expose the folly of that scepticism which argues solely on the ground of its own experience, and has no faith in anything beyond. He who is not scandalized at the apostle's censure of the horrible wickedness of the women who changed the natural use into that which is against nature, Romans 1:26 will read all this without being shocked, especially as we are not, like Paul, citing and censuring a damnable uncleanness, but are explaining, so far as we can, human generation, while with Paul we avoid all obscenity of language. 14.24. The man, then, would have sown the seed, and the woman received it, as need required, the generative organs being moved by the will, not excited by lust. For we move at will not only those members which are furnished with joints of solid bone, as the hands, feet, and fingers, but we move also at will those which are composed of slack and soft nerves: we can put them in motion, or stretch them out, or bend and twist them, or contract and stiffen them, as we do with the muscles of the mouth and face. The lungs, which are the very tenderest of the viscera except the brain, and are therefore carefully sheltered in the cavity of the chest, yet for all purposes of inhaling and exhaling the breath, and of uttering and modulating the voice, are obedient to the will when we breathe, exhale, speak, shout, or sing, just as the bellows obey the smith or the organist. I will not press the fact that some animals have a natural power to move a single spot of the skin with which their whole body is covered, if they have felt on it anything they wish to drive off - a power so great, that by this shivering tremor of the skin they can not only shake off flies that have settled on them, but even spears that have fixed in their flesh. Man, it is true, has not this power; but is this any reason for supposing that God could not give it to such creatures as He wished to possess it? And therefore man himself also might very well have enjoyed absolute power over his members had he not forfeited it by his disobedience; for it was not difficult for God to form him so that what is now moved in his body only by lust should have been moved only at will. We know, too, that some men are differently constituted from others, and have some rare and remarkable faculty of doing with their body what other men can by no effort do, and, indeed, scarcely believe when they hear of others doing. There are persons who can move their ears, either one at a time, or both together. There are some who, without moving the head, can bring the hair down upon the forehead, and move the whole scalp backwards and forwards at pleasure. Some, by lightly pressing their stomach, bring up an incredible quantity and variety of things they have swallowed, and produce whatever they please, quite whole, as if out of a bag. Some so accurately mimic the voices of birds and beasts and other men, that, unless they are seen, the difference cannot be told. Some have such command of their bowels, that they can break wind continuously at pleasure, so as to produce the effect of singing. I myself have known a man who was accustomed to sweat whenever he wished. It is well known that some weep when they please, and shed a flood of tears. But far more incredible is that which some of our brethren saw quite recently. There was a presbyter called Restitutus, in the parish of the Calamensian Church, who, as often as he pleased (and he was asked to do this by those who desired to witness so remarkable a phenomenon), on some one imitating the wailings of mourners, became so insensible, and lay in a state so like death, that not only had he no feeling when they pinched and pricked him, but even when fire was applied to him, and he was burned by it, he had no sense of pain except afterwards from the wound. And that his body remained motionless, not by reason of his self-command, but because he was insensible, was proved by the fact that he breathed no more than a dead man; and yet he said that, when any one spoke with more than ordinary distinctness, he heard the voice, but as if it were a long way off. Seeing, then, that even in this mortal and miserable life the body serves some men by many remarkable movements and moods beyond the ordinary course of nature, what reason is there for doubting that, before man was involved by his sin in this weak and corruptible condition, his members might have served his will for the propagation of offspring without lust? Man has been given over to himself because he abandoned God, while he sought to be self-satisfying; and disobeying God, he could not obey even himself. Hence it is that he is involved in the obvious misery of being unable to live as he wishes. For if he lived as he wished, he would think himself blessed; but he could not be so if he lived wickedly.
42. Augustine, Retractiones, 1.23.1, 1.24.2, 1.26.2, 2.1.1 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

43. Jerome, On Illustrious Men, 61 (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)



Subjects of this text:

subject book bibliographic info
(akratēs) / weakness of the will Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
abraham Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 64; Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 166, 204
adam-christ typology Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 427, 437, 591
adam Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 591; Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
adultery Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 387
advantage (sumpheron, utilitas) Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 211
akrasia (weakness of will), stoic versus platonic understanding of Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 79
akrasia (weakness of will) Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 77
allegory, allegorical exegesis Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 588
ambrose Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 588
amore iustitiae Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 489
angel Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 378
animalism Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
anti-pauline Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 364
antithetical Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
apelles Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
apostle Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 364
apostle paul Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 427, 437, 438, 484, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 570
appearance Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
argument Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
aristotle Hayes, What's Divine about Divine Law?: Early Perspectives (2015) 155
arriano, de nuptiis et concupiscentia Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
arriano, on marriage Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
arriano, on original sin Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
asyndeton Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
athletics/training Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 211
augustine Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 367, 374, 427, 433, 435, 437, 438, 478, 481, 484, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 570, 588, 591
augustine of hippo Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52
augustus Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 59
baptism Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 494, 588, 591
behavior Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
believer Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
benedictio Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
bible, as judge Dunderberg, Beyond Gnosticism: Myth, Lifestyle, and Society in the School of Valentinus (2008) 89
bible, marcions views of Dunderberg, Beyond Gnosticism: Myth, Lifestyle, and Society in the School of Valentinus (2008) 89
bible Dunderberg, Beyond Gnosticism: Myth, Lifestyle, and Society in the School of Valentinus (2008) 89
bion of borysthenes Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
birth Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
blood, of christ Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 204
blood Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
body (human), xv Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
bonum Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 481; Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
boundary Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 378, 379
boundary marker Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 378
boyarin, daniel Hayes, What's Divine about Divine Law?: Early Perspectives (2015) 155
bread Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
bridal chamber Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
bultmann, rudolf Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
calvin, john Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52
carnal concupiscence, and marriage Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
celibacy Tabbernee, Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism (2007) 114
celsus Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012) 235
character (diathesis, hexis, disposition, stable state) Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
children Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
christ movement Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 378
christianity, and greek/pagan religion, and judaism Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012) 235
christianity Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
christians, gentile, in the jewish temple Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012) 235
churches/tradition of paul pauline Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 364
circumcision Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 374, 481, 484, 486; Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 64; Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 364
clothing Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
cognitive terms, and physical ones Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 179
cognitive terms, two sides of same coin Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 179
commandment Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 378, 379
commandments Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
concupiscentia, concupiscence Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 490, 491, 492, 588, 591
conscious Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
conversion Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
conversion account for paraenetic, purposes Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 164, 167, 168
corpus Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
covenant, mosaic Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 204
covenant Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 204; Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
creation, mistake Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
creation Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103; Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 379
creator Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263; Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
cross Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
david Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 204
death Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263; Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 378
decalogue / ten commandments Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 374, 433, 484, 486
deconstruction Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
defilement Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
destabilize Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
diaspora Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 364
diatribe Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
dio chrysostom Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
distress (lupē, grief, pain) Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
donatist, donatism Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 367
double aspect Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 78, 79, 179
drunkenness Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
encounter Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
epictetus Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
erubesco Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
esau Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 570
eschatology Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
ethics / ethical theory Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
eve Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
evil, and good Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
exegesis, allegorical Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 214
ezra Allen and Doedens, Turmoil, Trauma and Tenacity in Early Jewish Literature (2022) 258
faith Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 166
first day of the week Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
flesh Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406; Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 204
food (dietary) laws, kashrut Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 364
freud, sigmund Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52
genitals Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
gentile christians / gentile churches Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 364, 387
gentiles, and the torah/law Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 64
glory Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
gnosis (knowledge) in paul Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 179
gnosticism, schools of thought Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
gnostics and gnosticism, hermeneutics of Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 597
gnostics and gnosticism, secret or oral tradition, belief in Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 597
gnostics and gnosticism Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 597
god (theos) ix Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
gods, paul on Brouwer and Vimercati, Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age (2020) 112
good, and evil Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
good (agathos) Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 114, 211
grace, carnal concupiscence and Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
guilt Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52
gutman, h., as missionary goal Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 164
historical tradition Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 387
history Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 204
hortatory Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
identity Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
idolatry Allen and Doedens, Turmoil, Trauma and Tenacity in Early Jewish Literature (2022) 258
ignorance Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
inconsistency, in paul Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 1
increase and multiply command Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
interior homo, inner man Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 433, 438, 489, 493, 494, 611
irenaeus of lyons, on gnostic hermeneutics Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 597
iustitia, justice Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 437, 478
iustitia dei Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 478, 611, 612
iustus, iustitia Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
jacob Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 570
james (brother of jesus) Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 364
jesus/christ (and law, sacrifice/sacrificial vocabulary) Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012) 235
jesus Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
jesus (christ) (see also yeshu) Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 351, 364, 387
jesus christ Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 374, 427, 433, 481, 489, 591, 611, 612
jew Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 378, 379
jewish practices/torah observance, circumcision Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 1
jewish practices/torah observance Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 1, 211
jewish succession, ritual and legal observance Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 214
jews Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 481
job Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 490
joy (chara) Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
judaism Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 374
julian of aeclanum, ad turbantium Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
julian of aeclanum, enters pelagian controversy Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
julian of aeclanum, life Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
just Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
kierkegaard, søren Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52
law, biblical Dunderberg, Beyond Gnosticism: Myth, Lifestyle, and Society in the School of Valentinus (2008) 89
law, jewish Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012) 235
law, the, gnostic views of Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 214
law Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263; Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 166, 204; Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
law in paul Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 351, 364, 387
letter, diatribe Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
lex fidei Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 374, 433, 435, 478, 484, 486, 487
lex operum / factorum Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 374, 433, 435, 437, 478, 486
libido Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
life Seim and Okland, Metamorphoses: Resurrection, Body and Transformative Practices in Early Christianity (2009) 140
liturgy Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 204
lust Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
luther, martin Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52
magi, on law and the old testament Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 214
marcellinus Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 367, 374, 427, 433, 435, 437, 438, 478, 481, 484, 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 570
marcion Dunderberg, Beyond Gnosticism: Myth, Lifestyle, and Society in the School of Valentinus (2008) 89
marriage/s Tabbernee, Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism (2007) 114
marriage Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166; Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
marriage (see also divorce) Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 387
marriage law Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 387
martyr Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
mary Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
maximus of tyre Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
melchizedek Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 166
membrum Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
messianic concepts Allen and Doedens, Turmoil, Trauma and Tenacity in Early Jewish Literature (2022) 258
metaphor(ical) Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 387
milan Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 588
monogamy Tabbernee, Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism (2007) 114
mors, mortalis Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
mosaic law Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 374
moses Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 166
moses and mosaic law Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 164, 165
movement Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 378
musonius Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
nan, apocalypticism Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
nan, argumentation Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
nan, audience Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
narrative Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 64
natura Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
nazarenes Tabbernee, Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism (2007) 114
new testament, as source Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012) 235
new testament Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 214
nomos/nomoi Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 64
nomos pisteōs Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 64
non-jew Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 378, 379
novelty (charge of ) Tabbernee, Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism (2007) 114
observance of law Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 364
oracles/sayings logia (montanist) Tabbernee, Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism (2007) 114
origen Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012) 235
original sin, and marriage Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
original sin, augustine on Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
original sin, carnal concupiscence and Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
original sin, julian of aeclanum on Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
original sin Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 591
palestinian Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 351
papias of hierapolis Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
paraenesis (moral exhortation), and transmission of pneuma Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 168
paraenesis (moral exhortation) Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 79
parousia Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
paul, and auctoritas Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 59
paul, and guilt Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52
paul, and pros¯opopoiia Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 59
paul, and slavery Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52, 59
paul, and stoicism Brouwer and Vimercati, Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age (2020) 112
paul, and textual first-person Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52
paul, and the self Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 59
paul, anthropology of Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 59
paul, attitude of to the law Hayes, What's Divine about Divine Law?: Early Perspectives (2015) 155
paul, his activity/attitudes to the law, jesus and sacrifice Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012) 235
paul, his epistles Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012) 235
paul, on god Brouwer and Vimercati, Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age (2020) 112
paul, on predestination/predetermination (προόρισις) Brouwer and Vimercati, Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age (2020) 112
paul, on slavery Brouwer and Vimercati, Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age (2020) 112
paul, on spirit (πνεῦμα) Brouwer and Vimercati, Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age (2020) 112
paul, pauline corpus Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 166, 204
paul Brouwer and Vimercati, Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age (2020) 112; Seim and Okland, Metamorphoses: Resurrection, Body and Transformative Practices in Early Christianity (2009) 140
paul (apostle) Tabbernee, Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism (2007) 114
paul (apostle) / pauline Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
paul (saul) Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 351, 364, 387
paul and pauline epistles, on concupiscence and chastity Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 271
paul of tarsus Allen and Doedens, Turmoil, Trauma and Tenacity in Early Jewish Literature (2022) 258
peccatum Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
pelagius xxvi Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 438, 481, 484, 493, 494, 611, 612
per fidem iesu christi Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 437, 611
peter Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
philip Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
philosopher Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
physical terms, and cognitive ones Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 179
plato Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 487
plutarch Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
pneuma (spirit) in paul, and habitus Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 168
pneuma (spirit) in paul, as a material phenomenon in paul Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 71
pneuma (spirit) in paul, as arriving in the bodies of believers Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 71
pneuma (spirit) in paul, as having a cognitive function Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 77, 78, 79
pneuma (spirit) in paul, how received? Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 71
pneuma (spirit) in paul, transmission of in paraenesis Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 168
pneuma (spirit, breath) Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
polemic Estes, The Tree of Life (2020) 263
power Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
practice, and body Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 179
praeceptum Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 486
preaching Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 734
predestination (προόρισις), paul on Brouwer and Vimercati, Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age (2020) 112
promise Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 204
prophetess, prophetesses Tabbernee, Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism (2007) 114
prophets Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
prosopopoiia Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52
protestant Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 351
ptolemaeus Dunderberg, Beyond Gnosticism: Myth, Lifestyle, and Society in the School of Valentinus (2008) 89
ptolemy Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
ptolemy (gnostic) Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 214
pudicitia/pudicus Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
purification/purity Jeong, Pauline Baptism among the Mysteries: Ritual Messages and the Promise of Initiation (2023) 154
purity, putting on Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
rabbis Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
reason (human) / rational faculty (logos, logistikon) Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
reconfiguration Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406
regulations, ceremonial Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 379
resurrection of the body Seim and Okland, Metamorphoses: Resurrection, Body and Transformative Practices in Early Christianity (2009) 140
revelation Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 166
righteousness by pistis/deeds Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 64
rome, churches/christians in Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 387
rome Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406; Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
sabbath Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 364
sabbatum, sabbath Cheuk-Yin Yam, Trinity and Grace in Augustine (2019) 374, 433, 481, 486, 612
sacrifice, animal, in judaism v, vi Petropoulou, Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Greek Religion, Judaism, and Christianity, 100 BC to AD 200 (2012) 235
sage (wise person) Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
salvation, and life Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 71
salvation Robbins, von Thaden and Bruehler,Foundations for Sociorhetorical Exploration : A Rhetoric of Religious Antiquity Reader (2006)" 406; Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth, A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews (2018) 204; Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
sanders, e. p. Hayes, What's Divine about Divine Law?: Early Perspectives (2015) 155
school Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 103
school (scholē) / sect (hairesis) Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
scripture, as weapon/criterion against heresy Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 214
scripture, harmony of the scriptures/unity of the testaments Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 214
self, apostolic self Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 179
self, self of conversion Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 179
self-sufficiency (autarkēs, autonomy) Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
self Engberg-Pedersen, Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit (2010) 164, 165, 167, 168
sex, sexuality Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
sexual abstinence Tabbernee, Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism (2007) 114
shame Trettel, Desires in Paradise: An Interpretative Study of Augustine's City of God 14 (2019) 166
slave Weissenrieder, Borders: Terminologies, Ideologies, and Performances (2016) 379
slavery, and law' Hayes, What's Divine about Divine Law?: Early Perspectives (2015) 155
slavery Brakke, Satlow, Weitzman, Religion and the Self in Antiquity (2005) 52, 59; Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 1, 114
slavery (δουλεία), paul on Brouwer and Vimercati, Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age (2020) 112
soul / mind (psuchē, animus) vii Lee, Moral Transformation in Greco-Roman Philosophy of Mind: Mapping the Moral Milieu of the Apostle Paul and His Diaspora Jewish Contemporaries (2020) 26
spirit (πνεῦμα), paul on Brouwer and Vimercati, Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age (2020) 112