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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database



8258
New Testament, Matthew, 7.1-7.2


Μὴ κρίνετε, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε·Don't judge, so that you won't be judged.


ἐν ᾧ γὰρ κρίματι κρίνετε κριθήσεσθε, καὶ ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν.For with whatever judgment you judge, you will be judged; and with whatever measure you measure, it will be measured to you.


Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

29 results
1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 13.1-13.6 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

13.1. אֵת כָּל־הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוֶּה אֶתְכֶם אֹתוֹ תִשְׁמְרוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת לֹא־תֹסֵף עָלָיו וְלֹא תִגְרַע מִמֶּנּוּ׃ 13.1. כִּי הָרֹג תַּהַרְגֶנּוּ יָדְךָ תִּהְיֶה־בּוֹ בָרִאשׁוֹנָה לַהֲמִיתוֹ וְיַד כָּל־הָעָם בָּאַחֲרֹנָה׃ 13.2. כִּי־יָקוּם בְּקִרְבְּךָ נָבִיא אוֹ חֹלֵם חֲלוֹם וְנָתַן אֵלֶיךָ אוֹת אוֹ מוֹפֵת׃ 13.3. וּבָא הָאוֹת וְהַמּוֹפֵת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר אֵלֶיךָ לֵאמֹר נֵלְכָה אַחֲרֵי אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יְדַעְתָּם וְנָעָבְדֵם׃ 13.4. לֹא תִשְׁמַע אֶל־דִּבְרֵי הַנָּבִיא הַהוּא אוֹ אֶל־חוֹלֵם הַחֲלוֹם הַהוּא כִּי מְנַסֶּה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם אֶתְכֶם לָדַעַת הֲיִשְׁכֶם אֹהֲבִים אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶם וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁכֶם׃ 13.5. אַחֲרֵי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם תֵּלֵכוּ וְאֹתוֹ תִירָאוּ וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתָיו תִּשְׁמֹרוּ וּבְקֹלוֹ תִשְׁמָעוּ וְאֹתוֹ תַעֲבֹדוּ וּבוֹ תִדְבָּקוּן׃ 13.6. וְהַנָּבִיא הַהוּא אוֹ חֹלֵם הַחֲלוֹם הַהוּא יוּמָת כִּי דִבֶּר־סָרָה עַל־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הַמּוֹצִיא אֶתְכֶם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם וְהַפֹּדְךָ מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים לְהַדִּיחֲךָ מִן־הַדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לָלֶכֶת בָּהּ וּבִעַרְתָּ הָרָע מִקִּרְבֶּךָ׃ 13.1. All this word which I command you, that shall ye observe to do; thou shalt not add thereto, nor diminish from it." 13.2. If there arise in the midst of thee a prophet, or a dreamer of dreams—and he give thee a sign or a wonder," 13.3. and the sign or the wonder come to pass, whereof he spoke unto thee—saying: ‘Let us go after other gods, which thou hast not known, and let us serve them’;" 13.4. thou shalt not hearken unto the words of that prophet, or unto that dreamer of dreams; for the LORD your God putteth you to proof, to know whether ye do love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul." 13.5. After the LORD your God shall ye walk, and Him shall ye fear, and His commandments shall ye keep, and unto His voice shall ye hearken, and Him shall ye serve, and unto Him shall ye cleave." 13.6. And that prophet, or that dreamer of dreams, shall be put to death; because he hath spoken perversion against the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, and redeemed thee out of the house of bondage, to draw thee aside out of the way which the LORD thy God commanded thee to walk in. So shalt thou put away the evil from the midst of thee."
2. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 19.1-19.8, 33.20 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

19.1. בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁלִישִׁי לְצֵאת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם בַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה בָּאוּ מִדְבַּר סִינָי׃ 19.1. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵךְ אֶל־הָעָם וְקִדַּשְׁתָּם הַיּוֹם וּמָחָר וְכִבְּסוּ שִׂמְלֹתָם׃ 19.2. וַיִּסְעוּ מֵרְפִידִים וַיָּבֹאוּ מִדְבַּר סִינַי וַיַּחֲנוּ בַּמִּדְבָּר וַיִּחַן־שָׁם יִשְׂרָאֵל נֶגֶד הָהָר׃ 19.2. וַיֵּרֶד יְהוָה עַל־הַר סִינַי אֶל־רֹאשׁ הָהָר וַיִּקְרָא יְהוָה לְמֹשֶׁה אֶל־רֹאשׁ הָהָר וַיַּעַל מֹשֶׁה׃ 19.3. וּמֹשֶׁה עָלָה אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים וַיִּקְרָא אֵלָיו יְהוָה מִן־הָהָר לֵאמֹר כֹּה תֹאמַר לְבֵית יַעֲקֹב וְתַגֵּיד לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃ 19.4. אַתֶּם רְאִיתֶם אֲשֶׁר עָשִׂיתִי לְמִצְרָיִם וָאֶשָּׂא אֶתְכֶם עַל־כַּנְפֵי נְשָׁרִים וָאָבִא אֶתְכֶם אֵלָי׃ 19.5. וְעַתָּה אִם־שָׁמוֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ בְּקֹלִי וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת־בְּרִיתִי וִהְיִיתֶם לִי סְגֻלָּה מִכָּל־הָעַמִּים כִּי־לִי כָּל־הָאָרֶץ׃ 19.6. וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ־לִי מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים וְגוֹי קָדוֹשׁ אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃ 19.7. וַיָּבֹא מֹשֶׁה וַיִּקְרָא לְזִקְנֵי הָעָם וַיָּשֶׂם לִפְנֵיהֶם אֵת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר צִוָּהוּ יְהוָה׃ 19.8. וַיַּעֲנוּ כָל־הָעָם יַחְדָּו וַיֹּאמְרוּ כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר יְהוָה נַעֲשֶׂה וַיָּשֶׁב מֹשֶׁה אֶת־דִּבְרֵי הָעָם אֶל־יְהוָה׃ 19.1. In the third month after the children of Israel were gone forth out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they into the wilderness of Sinai." 19.2. And when they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the wilderness of Sinai, they encamped in the wilderness; and there Israel encamped before the mount." 19.3. And Moses went up unto God, and the LORD called unto him out of the mountain, saying: ‘Thus shalt thou say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel:" 19.4. Ye have seen what I did unto the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles’wings, and brought you unto Myself." 19.5. Now therefore, if ye will hearken unto My voice indeed, and keep My covet, then ye shall be Mine own treasure from among all peoples; for all the earth is Mine;" 19.6. and ye shall be unto Me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.’" 19.7. And Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and set before them all these words which the LORD commanded him." 19.8. And all the people answered together, and said: ‘All that the LORD hath spoken we will do.’ And Moses reported the words of the people unto the LORD." 33.20. And He said: ‘Thou canst not see My face, for man shall not see Me and live.’"
3. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 4.5 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

4.5. וְאֶל־קַיִן וְאֶל־מִנְחָתוֹ לֹא שָׁעָה וַיִּחַר לְקַיִן מְאֹד וַיִּפְּלוּ פָּנָיו׃ 4.5. but unto Cain and to his offering He had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countece fell."
4. Hebrew Bible, Micah, 4.8 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

4.8. וְאַתָּה מִגְדַּל־עֵדֶר עֹפֶל בַּת־צִיּוֹן עָדֶיךָ תֵּאתֶה וּבָאָה הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה הָרִאשֹׁנָה מַמְלֶכֶת לְבַת־יְרוּשָׁלִָם׃ 4.8. And thou, Migdal-eder, the hill of the daughter of Zion, Unto thee shall it come; Yea, the former dominion shall come, The kingdom of the daughter of Jerusalem."
5. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 1.5, 37.11 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

1.5. עַל־כֵּן לֹא־יָקֻמוּ רְשָׁעִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּט וְחַטָּאִים בַּעֲדַת צַדִּיקִים׃ 37.11. וַעֲנָוִים יִירְשׁוּ־אָרֶץ וְהִתְעַנְּגוּ עַל־רֹב שָׁלוֹם׃ 1.5. Therefore the wicked shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous." 37.11. But the humble shall inherit the land, and delight themselves in the abundance of peace."
6. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 7.14, 8.4, 40.1-40.11, 52.7-52.9, 52.11-52.12 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

7.14. לָכֵן יִתֵּן אֲדֹנָי הוּא לָכֶם אוֹת הִנֵּה הָעַלְמָה הָרָה וְיֹלֶדֶת בֵּן וְקָרָאת שְׁמוֹ עִמָּנוּ אֵל׃ 8.4. כִּי בְּטֶרֶם יֵדַע הַנַּעַר קְרֹא אָבִי וְאִמִּי יִשָּׂא אֶת־חֵיל דַּמֶּשֶׂק וְאֵת שְׁלַל שֹׁמְרוֹן לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר׃ 40.1. נַחֲמוּ נַחֲמוּ עַמִּי יֹאמַר אֱלֹהֵיכֶם׃ 40.1. הִנֵּה אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה בְּחָזָק יָבוֹא וּזְרֹעוֹ מֹשְׁלָה לוֹ הִנֵּה שְׂכָרוֹ אִתּוֹ וּפְעֻלָּתוֹ לְפָנָיו׃ 40.2. הַמְסֻכָּן תְּרוּמָה עֵץ לֹא־יִרְקַב יִבְחָר חָרָשׁ חָכָם יְבַקֶּשׁ־לוֹ לְהָכִין פֶּסֶל לֹא יִמּוֹט׃ 40.2. דַּבְּרוּ עַל־לֵב יְרוּשָׁלִַם וְקִרְאוּ אֵלֶיהָ כִּי מָלְאָה צְבָאָהּ כִּי נִרְצָה עֲוֺנָהּ כִּי לָקְחָה מִיַּד יְהוָה כִּפְלַיִם בְּכָל־חַטֹּאתֶיהָ׃ 40.3. קוֹל קוֹרֵא בַּמִּדְבָּר פַּנּוּ דֶּרֶךְ יְהוָה יַשְּׁרוּ בָּעֲרָבָה מְסִלָּה לֵאלֹהֵינוּ׃ 40.3. וְיִעֲפוּ נְעָרִים וְיִגָעוּ וּבַחוּרִים כָּשׁוֹל יִכָּשֵׁלוּ׃ 40.4. כָּל־גֶּיא יִנָּשֵׂא וְכָל־הַר וְגִבְעָה יִשְׁפָּלוּ וְהָיָה הֶעָקֹב לְמִישׁוֹר וְהָרְכָסִים לְבִקְעָה׃ 40.5. וְנִגְלָה כְּבוֹד יְהוָה וְרָאוּ כָל־בָּשָׂר יַחְדָּו כִּי פִּי יְהוָה דִּבֵּר׃ 40.6. קוֹל אֹמֵר קְרָא וְאָמַר מָה אֶקְרָא כָּל־הַבָּשָׂר חָצִיר וְכָל־חַסְדּוֹ כְּצִיץ הַשָּׂדֶה׃ 40.7. יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר נָבֵל צִיץ כִּי רוּחַ יְהוָה נָשְׁבָה בּוֹ אָכֵן חָצִיר הָעָם׃ 40.8. יָבֵשׁ חָצִיר נָבֵל צִיץ וּדְבַר־אֱלֹהֵינוּ יָקוּם לְעוֹלָם׃ 40.9. עַל הַר־גָּבֹהַ עֲלִי־לָךְ מְבַשֶּׂרֶת צִיּוֹן הָרִימִי בַכֹּחַ קוֹלֵךְ מְבַשֶּׂרֶת יְרוּשָׁלִָם הָרִימִי אַל־תִּירָאִי אִמְרִי לְעָרֵי יְהוּדָה הִנֵּה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם׃ 40.11. כְּרֹעֶה עֶדְרוֹ יִרְעֶה בִּזְרֹעוֹ יְקַבֵּץ טְלָאִים וּבְחֵיקוֹ יִשָּׂא עָלוֹת יְנַהֵל׃ 52.7. מַה־נָּאווּ עַל־הֶהָרִים רַגְלֵי מְבַשֵּׂר מַשְׁמִיעַ שָׁלוֹם מְבַשֵּׂר טוֹב מַשְׁמִיעַ יְשׁוּעָה אֹמֵר לְצִיּוֹן מָלַךְ אֱלֹהָיִךְ׃ 52.8. קוֹל צֹפַיִךְ נָשְׂאוּ קוֹל יַחְדָּו יְרַנֵּנוּ כִּי עַיִן בְּעַיִן יִרְאוּ בְּשׁוּב יְהוָה צִיּוֹן׃ 52.9. פִּצְחוּ רַנְּנוּ יַחְדָּו חָרְבוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָם כִּי־נִחַם יְהוָה עַמּוֹ גָּאַל יְרוּשָׁלִָם׃ 52.11. סוּרוּ סוּרוּ צְאוּ מִשָּׁם טָמֵא אַל־תִּגָּעוּ צְאוּ מִתּוֹכָהּ הִבָּרוּ נֹשְׂאֵי כְּלֵי יְהוָה׃ 52.12. כִּי לֹא בְחִפָּזוֹן תֵּצֵאוּ וּבִמְנוּסָה לֹא תֵלֵכוּן כִּי־הֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵיכֶם יְהוָה וּמְאַסִּפְכֶם אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃ 7.14. Therefore the Lord Himself shall give you a sign: behold, the young woman shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel." 8.4. For before the child shall have knowledge to cry: My father, and: My mother, the riches of Damascus and the spoil of Samaria shall be carried away before the king of Assyria.’" 40.1. Comfort ye, comfort ye My people, saith your God." 40.2. Bid Jerusalem take heart, and proclaim unto her, that her time of service is accomplished, that her guilt is paid off; that she hath received of the LORD’S hand double for all her sins." 40.3. Hark! one calleth: ‘Clear ye in the wilderness the way of the LORD, make plain in the desert a highway for our God." 40.4. Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill shall be made low; and the rugged shall be made level, and the rough places a plain;" 40.5. And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together; for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it.’" 40.6. Hark! one saith: ‘Proclaim!’ And he saith: ‘What shall I proclaim?’ ’All flesh is grass, And all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field;" 40.7. The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; Because the breath of the LORD bloweth upon it— Surely the people is grass." 40.8. The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; But the word of our God shall stand for ever.’" 40.9. O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion, Get thee up into the high mountain; O thou that tellest good tidings to Jerusalem, Lift up thy voice with strength; Lift it up, be not afraid; Say unto the cities of Judah: ‘Behold your God! ’" 40.10. Behold, the Lord GOD will come as a Mighty One, And His arm will rule for Him; Behold, His reward is with Him, And His recompense before Him." 40.11. Even as a shepherd that feedeth his flock, That gathereth the lambs in his arm, And carrieth them in his bosom, And gently leadeth those that give suck." 52.7. How beautiful upon the mountains Are the feet of the messenger of good tidings, That announceth peace, the harbinger of good tidings, That announceth salvation; That saith unto Zion: ‘Thy God reigneth! ’" 52.8. Hark, thy watchmen! they lift up the voice, Together do they sing; For they shall see, eye to eye, The LORD returning to Zion." 52.9. Break forth into joy, sing together, Ye waste places of Jerusalem; For the LORD hath comforted His people, He hath redeemed Jerusalem." 52.11. Depart ye, depart ye, go ye out from thence, Touch no unclean thing; Go ye out of the midst of her; be ye clean, Ye that bear the vessels of the LORD." 52.12. For ye shall not go out in haste, Neither shall ye go by flight; For the LORD will go before you, And the God of Israel will be your rearward."
7. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 36.23-36.24 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

36.23. וְקִדַּשְׁתִּי אֶת־שְׁמִי הַגָּדוֹל הַמְחֻלָּל בַּגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר חִלַּלְתֶּם בְּתוֹכָם וְיָדְעוּ הַגּוֹיִם כִּי־אֲנִי יְהוָה נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה בְּהִקָּדְשִׁי בָכֶם לְעֵינֵיהֶם׃ 36.24. וְלָקַחְתִּי אֶתְכֶם מִן־הַגּוֹיִם וְקִבַּצְתִּי אֶתְכֶם מִכָּל־הָאֲרָצוֹת וְהֵבֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם אֶל־אַדְמַתְכֶם׃ 36.23. And I will sanctify My great name, which hath been profaned among the nations, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the nations shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes." 36.24. For I will take you from among the nations, and gather you out of all the countries, and will bring you into your own land."
8. Dead Sea Scrolls, Damascus Covenant, 4.14-4.19 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

9. Dead Sea Scrolls, (Cairo Damascus Covenant) Cd-A, 4.14-4.19 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

10. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 1.24-1.29 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

1.24. The prayer was to this effect:'O Lord, Lord God, Creator of all things, who art awe-inspiring and strong and just and merciful, who alone art King and art kind,' 1.25. who alone art bountiful, who alone art just and almighty and eternal, who dost rescue Israel from every evil, who didst choose the fathers and consecrate them,' 1.26. accept this sacrifice on behalf of all thy people Israel and preserve thy portion and make it holy. 1.27. Gather together our scattered people, set free those who are slaves among the Gentiles, look upon those who are rejected and despised, and let the Gentiles know that thou art our God.' 1.28. Afflict those who oppress and are insolent with pride. 1.29. Plant thy people in thy holy place, as Moses said.'
11. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 2.24 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)

2.24. but through the devils envy death entered the world,and those who belong to his party experience it.
12. Anon., Didache, 1.5, 3.7 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

13. Mishnah, Avot, 2.4 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

2.4. He used to say: do His will as though it were your will, so that He will do your will as though it were His. Set aside your will in the face of His will, so that he may set aside the will of others for the sake of your will. Hillel said: do not separate yourself from the community, Do not trust in yourself until the day of your death, Do not judge not your fellow man until you have reached his place. Do not say something that cannot be understood [trusting] that in the end it will be understood. Say not: ‘when I shall have leisure I shall study;’ perhaps you will not have leisure."
14. Mishnah, Sotah, 1.7 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

1.7. In the measure with which a person metes out to others, they mete out to him. She adorned herself for a sin; the Omnipresent made her repulsive. She exposed herself for a sin; the Omnipresent exposed her. She began the transgression with the thigh and afterwards with the womb; therefore she is punished first in the thigh and afterwards in the womb, nor does all the body escape."
15. New Testament, 1 Peter, 1.5-1.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.5. who by the power of God are guarded through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time. 1.6. Wherein you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while, if need be, you have been put to grief in various trials 1.7. that the proof of your faith, which is more precious than gold that perishes even though it is tested by fire, may be found to result in praise, glory, and honor at the revelation of Jesus Christ -- 1.8. whom not having known you love; in whom, though now you don't see him, yet believing, you rejoice greatly with joy unspeakable and full of glory -- 1.9. receiving the result of your faith, the salvation of your souls. 1.10. Concerning this salvation, the prophets sought and searched diligently, who prophesied of the grace that would come to you 1.11. searching for who or what kind of time the Spirit of Christ, which was in them, pointed to, when he predicted the sufferings of Christ, and the glories that would follow them. 1.12. To them it was revealed, that not to themselves, but to you, did they minister these things, which now have been announced to you through those who preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent out from heaven; which things angels desire to look into.
16. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, a b c d\n0 "6.12" "6.12" "6 12"\n1 12.10 12.10 12 10\n2 12.8 12.8 12 8\n3 12.9 12.9 12 9\n4 13.1 13.1 13 1\n5 13.10 13.10 13 10\n6 13.11 13.11 13 11\n7 13.12 13.12 13 12\n8 13.2 13.2 13 2\n9 13.3 13.3 13 3\n10 13.8 13.8 13 8\n11 13.9 13.9 13 9\n12 15.50 15.50 15 50\n13 5.4 5.4 5 4\n14 6.11 6.11 6 11 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

17. New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 5.1-5.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

18. New Testament, Acts, 9.28, 15.7, 20.24 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

9.28. He was with them going in and going out at Jerusalem 15.7. When there had been much discussion, Peter rose up and said to them, "Brothers, you know that a good while ago God made choice among you, that by my mouth the Gentiles should hear the word of the gospel, and believe. 20.24. But these things don't count; nor do I hold my life dear to myself, so that I may finish my race with joy, and the ministry which I received from the Lord Jesus, to fully testify to the gospel of the grace of God.
19. New Testament, James, 2.12, 2.14-2.16, 3.13, 3.17-3.18, 4.6, 5.9, 5.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.12. So speak, and so do, as men who are to be judged by a law of freedom. 2.14. What good is it, my brothers, if a man says he has faith, but has no works? Can that faith save him? 2.15. And if a brother or sister is naked and in lack of daily food 2.16. and one of you tells them, "Go in peace, be warmed and filled;" and yet you didn't give them the things the body needs, what good is it? 3.13. Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show by his good conduct that his deeds are done in gentleness of wisdom. 3.17. But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceful, gentle, reasonable, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. 3.18. Now the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace. 4.6. But he gives more grace. Therefore it says, "God resists the proud, but gives grace to the humble. 5.9. Don't grumble, brothers, against one another, so that you won't be judged. Behold, the judge stands at the door. 5.12. But above all things, my brothers, don't swear, neither by heaven, nor by the earth, nor by any other oath; but let your "yes" be "yes," and your "no," "no;" so that you don't fall into hypocrisy.
20. New Testament, Ephesians, 1.3-1.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.3. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ; 1.4. even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and without blemish before him in love; 1.5. having predestined us for adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his desire 1.6. to the praise of the glory of his grace, by which he freely bestowed favor on us in the Beloved 1.7. in whom we have our redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace 1.8. which he made to abound toward us in all wisdom and prudence 1.9. making known to us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure which he purposed in him 1.10. to an administration of the fullness of the times, to sum up all things in Christ, the things in the heavens, and the things on the earth, in him; 1.11. in whom also we were assigned an inheritance, having been foreordained according to the purpose of him who works all things after the counsel of his will; 1.12. to the end that we should be to the praise of his glory, we who had before hoped in Christ: 1.13. in whom you also, having heard the word of the truth, the gospel of your salvation, -- in whom, having also believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise 1.14. who is a pledge of our inheritance, to the redemption of God's own possession, to the praise of his glory.
21. New Testament, Romans, 2.1 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.1. Therefore you are without excuse, O man, whoever you are who judge. For in that which you judge another, you condemn yourself. For you who judge practice the same things.
22. New Testament, John, 1.11, 4.40-4.44, 5.16, 5.18, 12.27-12.28, 21.18-21.19 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.11. He came to his own, and those who were his own didn't receive him. 4.40. So when the Samaritans came to him, they begged him to stay with them. He stayed there two days. 4.41. Many more believed because of his word. 4.42. They said to the woman, "Now we believe, not because of your speaking; for we have heard for ourselves, and know that this is indeed the Christ, the Savior of the world. 4.43. After the two days he went out from there and went into Galilee. 4.44. For Jesus himself testified that a prophet has no honor in his own country. 5.16. For this cause the Jews persecuted Jesus, and sought to kill him, because he did these things on the Sabbath. 5.18. For this cause therefore the Jews sought all the more to kill him, because he not only broke the Sabbath, but also called God his own Father, making himself equal with God. 12.27. Now my soul is troubled. What shall I say? 'Father, save me from this time?' But for this cause I came to this time. 12.28. Father, glorify your name!"Then there came a voice out of the sky, saying, "I have both glorified it, and will glorify it again. 21.18. Most assuredly I tell you, when you were young, you dressed yourself, and walked where you wanted to. But when you are old, you will stretch out your hands, and another will dress you, and carry you where you don't want to go. 21.19. Now he said this, signifying by what kind of death he would glorify God. When he had said this, he said to him, "Follow me.
23. New Testament, Luke, 6.20-6.27, 6.31, 6.36-6.38, 6.43, 17.3, 18.18-18.25, 21.31 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

6.20. He lifted up his eyes to his disciples, and said, "Blessed are you poor, For yours is the Kingdom of God. 6.21. Blessed are you who hunger now, For you will be filled. Blessed are you who weep now, For you will laugh. 6.22. Blessed are you when men shall hate you, and when they shall separate you from them and reproach you, and throw out your name as evil, for the Son of Man's sake. 6.23. Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven, for their fathers did the same thing to the prophets. 6.24. But woe to you who are rich! For you have received your consolation. 6.25. Woe to you, you who are full now! For you will be hungry. Woe to you who laugh now! For you will mourn and weep. 6.26. Woe, when men speak well of you! For their fathers did the same thing to the false prophets. 6.27. But I tell you who hear: love your enemies, do good to those who hate you 6.31. As you would like people to do to you, do exactly so to them. 6.36. Therefore be merciful, Even as your Father is also merciful. 6.37. Don't judge, And you won't be judged. Don't condemn, And you won't be condemned. Set free, And you will be set free. 6.38. Give, and it will be given to you: good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over, will be given to you. For with the same measure you measure it will be measured back to you. 6.43. For there is no good tree that brings forth rotten fruit; nor again a rotten tree that brings forth good fruit. 17.3. Be careful. If your brother sins against you, rebuke him. If he repents, forgive him. 18.18. A certain ruler asked him, saying, "Good Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? 18.19. Jesus asked him, "Why do you call me good? No one is good, except one -- God. 18.20. You know the commandments: 'Don't commit adultery,' 'Don't murder,' 'Don't steal,' 'Don't give false testimony,' 'Honor your father and your mother.' 18.21. He said, "I have observed all these things from my youth up. 18.22. When Jesus heard these things, he said to him, "You still lack one thing. Sell all that you have, and distribute it to the poor. You will have treasure in heaven. Come, follow me. 18.23. But when he heard these things, he became very sad, for he was very rich. 18.24. Jesus, seeing that he became very sad, said, "How hard it is for those who have riches to enter into the Kingdom of God! 18.25. For it is easier for a camel to enter in through a needle's eye, than for a rich man to enter into the Kingdom of God. 21.31. Even so you also, when you see these things happening, know that the Kingdom of God is near.
24. New Testament, Mark, 4.24, 10.17-10.25, 12.31, 15.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

4.24. He said to them, "Take heed what you hear. With whatever measure you measure, it will be measured to you, and more will be given to you who hear. 10.17. As he was going out into the way, one ran to him, knelt before him, and asked him, "Good Teacher, what shall I do that I may inherit eternal life? 10.18. Jesus said to him, "Why do you call me good? No one is good except one -- God. 10.19. You know the commandments: 'Do not murder,' 'Do not commit adultery,' 'Do not steal,' 'Do not give false testimony,' 'Do not defraud,' 'Honor your father and mother.' 10.20. He said to him, "Teacher, I have observed all these things from my youth. 10.21. Jesus looking at him loved him, and said to him, "One thing you lack. Go, sell whatever you have, and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me, taking up the cross. 10.22. But his face fell at that saying, and he went away sorrowful, for he was one who had great possessions. 10.23. Jesus looked around, and said to his disciples, "How difficult it is for those who have riches to enter into the Kingdom of God! 10.24. The disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus answered again, "Children, how hard is it for those who trust in riches to enter into the Kingdom of God! 10.25. It is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye than for a rich man to enter into the Kingdom of God. 12.31. The second is like this, 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.' There is no other commandment greater than these. 15.10. For he perceived that for envy the chief priests had delivered him up.
25. New Testament, Matthew, None (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

26. Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter To The Philippians, 2.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

27. Aristides of Athens, Apology, 15.5-15.7, 15.9 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

28. Irenaeus, Refutation of All Heresies, 3.22.1, 4.9.2, 4.20.5, 5.9.4 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

29. Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)

31a. שהמרו זה את זה אמרו כל מי שילך ויקניט את הלל יטול ד' מאות זוז אמר אחד מהם אני אקניטנו אותו היום ע"ש היה והלל חפף את ראשו הלך ועבר על פתח ביתו אמר מי כאן הלל מי כאן הלל נתעטף ויצא לקראתו אמר לו בני מה אתה מבקש א"ל שאלה יש לי לשאול א"ל שאל בני שאל מפני מה ראשיהן של בבליים סגלגלות א"ל בני שאלה גדולה שאלת מפני שאין להם חיות פקחות,הלך והמתין שעה אחת חזר ואמר מי כאן הלל מי כאן הלל נתעטף ויצא לקראתו אמר לו בני מה אתה מבקש א"ל שאלה יש לי לשאול א"ל שאל בני שאל מפני מה עיניהן של תרמודיין תרוטות אמר לו בני שאלה גדולה שאלת מפני שדרין בין החולות,הלך והמתין שעה אחת חזר ואמר מי כאן הלל מי כאן הלל נתעטף ויצא לקראתו א"ל בני מה אתה מבקש א"ל שאלה יש לי לשאול א"ל שאל בני שאל מפני מה רגליהם של אפרקיים רחבות א"ל בני שאלה גדולה שאלת מפני שדרין בין בצעי המים,אמר לו שאלות הרבה יש לי לשאול ומתירא אני שמא תכעוס נתעטף וישב לפניו א"ל כל שאלות שיש לך לשאול שאל א"ל אתה הוא הלל שקורין אותך נשיא ישראל א"ל הן א"ל אם אתה הוא לא ירבו כמותך בישראל א"ל בני מפני מה א"ל מפני שאבדתי על ידך ד' מאות זוז א"ל הוי זהיר ברוחך כדי הוא הלל שתאבד על ידו ד' מאות זוז וד' מאות זוז והלל לא יקפיד:,ת"ר מעשה בנכרי אחד שבא לפני שמאי אמר לו כמה תורות יש לכם אמר לו שתים תורה שבכתב ותורה שבעל פה א"ל שבכתב אני מאמינך ושבעל פה איני מאמינך גיירני ע"מ שתלמדני תורה שבכתב גער בו והוציאו בנזיפה בא לפני הלל גייריה יומא קמא א"ל א"ב ג"ד למחר אפיך ליה א"ל והא אתמול לא אמרת לי הכי א"ל לאו עלי דידי קא סמכת דעל פה נמי סמוך עלי:,שוב מעשה בנכרי אחד שבא לפני שמאי א"ל גיירני ע"מ שתלמדני כל התורה כולה כשאני עומד על רגל אחת דחפו באמת הבנין שבידו בא לפני הלל גייריה אמר לו דעלך סני לחברך לא תעביד זו היא כל התורה כולה ואידך פירושה הוא זיל גמור.,שוב מעשה בנכרי אחד שהיה עובר אחורי בית המדרש ושמע קול סופר שהיה אומר (שמות כח, ד) ואלה הבגדים אשר יעשו חושן ואפוד אמר הללו למי אמרו לו לכהן גדול אמר אותו נכרי בעצמו אלך ואתגייר בשביל שישימוני כהן גדול בא לפני שמאי אמר ליה גיירני על מנת שתשימני כהן גדול דחפו באמת הבנין שבידו בא לפני הלל גייריה,א"ל כלום מעמידין מלך אלא מי שיודע טכסיסי מלכות לך למוד טכסיסי מלכות הלך וקרא כיון שהגיע (במדבר א, נא) והזר הקרב יומת אמר ליה מקרא זה על מי נאמר א"ל אפי' על דוד מלך ישראל נשא אותו גר קל וחומר בעצמו ומה ישראל שנקראו בנים למקום ומתוך אהבה שאהבם קרא להם (שמות ד, כב) בני בכורי ישראל כתיב עליהם והזר הקרב יומת גר הקל שבא במקלו ובתרמילו על אחת כמה וכמה,בא לפני שמאי א"ל כלום ראוי אני להיות כהן גדול והלא כתיב בתורה והזר הקרב יומת בא לפני הלל א"ל ענוותן הלל ינוחו לך ברכות על ראשך שהקרבתני תחת כנפי השכינה לימים נזדווגו שלשתן למקום אחד אמרו קפדנותו של שמאי בקשה לטורדנו מן העולם ענוותנותו של הלל קרבנו תחת כנפי השכינה:,אמר ר"ל מאי דכתיב (ישעיהו לג, ו) והיה אמונת עתיך חוסן ישועות חכמת ודעת וגו' אמונת זה סדר זרעים עתיך זה סדר מועד חוסן זה סדר נשים ישועות זה סדר נזיקין חכמת זה סדר קדשים ודעת זה סדר טהרות ואפ"ה (ישעיהו לג, ו) יראת ה' היא אוצרו,אמר רבא בשעה שמכניסין אדם לדין אומרים לו נשאת ונתת באמונה קבעת עתים לתורה עסקת בפו"ר צפית לישועה פלפלת בחכמה הבנת דבר מתוך דבר ואפ"ה אי יראת ה' היא אוצרו אין אי לא לא משל לאדם שאמר לשלוחו העלה לי כור חיטין לעלייה הלך והעלה לו א"ל עירבת לי בהן קב חומטון א"ל לאו א"ל מוטב אם לא העליתה,תנא דבי ר"י מערב אדם קב חומטון בכור של תבואה ואינו חושש:,אמר רבה בר רב הונא כל אדם שיש בו תורה ואין בו 31a. bwho wagered with each otherand bsaid: Anyone who will go and aggravate Hillelto the point that he reprimands him, bwill take four-hundred izuz /i. bOne of them said: I will aggravate him. That daythat he chose to bother Hillel bwas Shabbat eve, and Hillel was washingthe hair on bhis head. He went and passed the entrance toHillel’s bhouseand in a demeaning manner bsaid: Who here is Hillel, who here is Hillel?Hillel bwrapped himselfin a dignified garment band went out to greet him. He said to him: My son, what do you seek? He said to him: I have a question to ask.Hillel bsaid to him: Ask, my son, ask.The man asked him: bWhy are the heads of Babylonians oval?He was alluding to and attempting to insult Hillel, who was Babylonian. bHe said to him: My son, you have asked a significant question.The reason is bbecause they do not have clever midwives.They do not know how to shape the child’s head at birth.,That man bwent and waited one hour,a short while, breturnedto look for Hillel, band said: Who here is Hillel, who here is Hillel?Again, Hillel bwrapped himself and went out to greet him.Hillel bsaid to him: My son, what do you seek?The man bsaid to him: I have a question to ask. He said to him: Ask, my son, ask.The man asked: bWhy are the eyes of the residents of Tadmor bleary [ iterutot /i]?Hillel bsaid to him: My son, you have asked a significant question.The reason is bbecause they live among the sandsand the sand gets into their eyes.,Once again the man bwent, waited one hour, returned, and said: Who here is Hillel, who here is Hillel?Again, bhe,Hillel, bwrapped himself and went out to greet him. He said to him: My son, what do you seek? He said to him: I have a question to ask. He said to him: Ask, my son, ask.The man asked: bWhy do Africans have wide feet?Hillel bsaid to him: You have asked a significant question.The reason is bbecause they live in marshlandsand their feet widened to enable them to walk through those swampy areas.,That man bsaid to him: I have manymore bquestions to ask, but I am afraid lest you get angry.Hillel bwrapped himself and sat before him,and bhe said to him: All ofthe bquestions that you have to ask, askthem. The man got angry and bsaid to him: Are you Hillel whom they callthe iNasiof Israel? He said to him: Yes. He said to him: Ifit bis you,then bmay there not be many like you in Israel.Hillel bsaid to him: My son, for whatreason do you say this? The man bsaid to him: Because I lost four hundred izuzbecause of you.Hillel bsaid to him: Be vigilant of your spiritand avoid situations of this sort. bHillel is worthy of having you lose four hundred izuzandanother bfour hundred izuzon his account, and Hillel will not get upset. /b, bThe Sages taught:There was ban incident involving one gentile who came before Shammai.The gentile bsaid to Shammai: How many Torahs do you have? He said to him: Two, the Written Torah and the Oral Torah.The gentile bsaid to him:With regard to bthe WrittenTorah, bI believe you, butwith regard to bthe OralTorah, bI do not believe you. Convert me on condition that you will teach meonly the bWritten Torah.Shammai bscolded him and cast him out with reprimand.The same gentile bcame before Hillel,who bconverted himand began teaching him Torah. bOn the first day, heshowed him the letters of the alphabet and bsaid to him: iAlef /i, ibet /i, igimmel /i, idalet /i. The next day he reversedthe order of the letters and told him that an ialefis a itavand so on. The convert bsaid to him: But yesterday you did not tell me that.Hillel bsaid to him:You see that it is impossible to learn what is written without relying on an oral tradition. bDidn’t you rely on me?Therefore, you should balso rely on mewith regard to the matter bof the OralTorah, and accept the interpretations that it contains.,There was banother incident involving one gentile who came before Shammaiand bsaid toShammai: bConvert me on condition that you teach me the entire Torah while I am standing on one foot.Shammai bpushed himaway bwith the builder’s cubit in his hand.This was a common measuring stick and Shammai was a builder by trade. The same gentile bcame before Hillel. He converted himand bsaid to him:That bwhich is hateful to you do not do to another; that is the entire Torah, and the rest is its interpretation. Go study. /b,There was banother incident involving one gentile who was passing behind the study halland bheard the voice of a teacher who wasteaching Torah to his students and bsayingthe verse: b“And these are the garments which they shall make: A breastplate, and an iefod, /iand a robe, and a tunic of checkered work, a mitre, and a girdle” (Exodus 28:4). bThe gentile said: Thesegarments, bfor whom are theydesignated? The students bsaid to him: For the High Priest. The gentile said to himself: I will go and convert so that they will install me as High Priest. He came before Shammaiand bsaid to him: Convert me on condition that you install meas High Priest. Shammai bpushed him with the builder’s cubit in his hand. He came before Hillel; he converted him. /b,Hillel bsaid to him,to the convert: bIs it notthe way of the world that bonly one who knows the protocols [ itakhsisei /i]of royalty bis appointed king? Goand blearn the royal protocolsby engaging in Torah study. bHe went and readthe Bible. bWhen he reachedthe verse which says: b“And the common man that draws near shall be put to death”(Numbers 1:51), the convert bsaid toHillel: bWith regard to whom is the verse speaking?Hillel bsaid to him: Even with regard to David, king of Israel. The convert reasoned an ia fortioriinference himself: If the Jewish people are called God’s children, and due to the love that God loved them he called them: “Israel is My son, My firstborn”(Exodus 4:22), and nevertheless bit is written about them: And the common man that draws near shall be put to death; a mere convert who camewithout merit, bwithnothing more than bhis staff and traveling bag, all the more sothat this applies to him, as well.,The convert bcame before Shammaiand btold himthat he retracts his demand to appoint him High Priest, saying: bAm I at all worthy to be High Priest? Is it not written in the Torah: And the common man that draws near shall be put to death? He came before Hilleland bsaid to him: Hillel the patient, may blessings rest upon your head as you brought me under the wings of the Divine Presence.The Gemara relates: bEventually, the threeconverts bgathered togetherin bone place,and bthey said: Shammai’s impatience sought to drive us from the world; Hillel’s patience brought us beneath the wings of the Divine Presence. /b,The Gemara continues discussing the conduct of the Sages, citing that bReish Lakish said: Whatis the meaning of bthat which is written: “And the faith of your times shall be a strength of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge,the fear of the Lord is his treasure” (Isaiah 33:6)? bFaith; that is the order of iZera /i’ iim /i, Seeds,in the Mishna, because a person has faith in God and plants his seeds (Jerusalem Talmud). bYour times; that is the order of iMoed /i, Festival,which deals with the various occasions and Festivals that occur throughout the year. bStrength; that is the order of iNashim /i, Women. Salvations; that is the order of iNezikin /i, Damages,as one who is being pursued is rescued from the hands of his pursuer. bWisdom; that is the order of iKodashim /i, Consecrated Items. And knowledge; that is the order of iTeharot /i, Purity,which is particularly difficult to master. bAnd evenif a person studies and masters all of these, b“the fear of the Lord is his treasure,”it is preeminent.,With regard to the same verse, bRava said:After departing from this world, bwhen a person is brought to judgmentfor the life he lived in this world, bthey say to himin the order of that verse: Did byou conduct business faithfully?Did byou designate times for Torahstudy? Did byou engage in procreation? Did you await salvation? Did you engagein the dialectics of bwisdomor understand bone matter from another? And, nevertheless,beyond all these, bif the fear of the Lord is his treasure, yes,he is worthy, and bif not, no,none of these accomplishments have any value. There is ba parablethat illustrates this. bA person who said to his emissary: Bring a ikorof wheat up to the attic for meto store there. The messenger bwent and brought it up for him. He said to the emissary:Did byou mix a ikavof iḥomton /i,a preservative to keep away worms, binto it for me? He said to him: No. He said to him:If so, it would have been bpreferable had you not brought it up.of what use is worm-infested wheat? Likewise, Torah and mitzvot without the fear of God are of no value.,On a related note, the Gemara cites a ihalakhathat was btaughtin bthe schoolof bRabbi Yishmael: A personwho sells wheat bmay, iab initio /i, bmix a ikavof iḥomtoninto a ikorof grain and need not be concernedthat by selling it all at the price of grain he will be guilty of theft, as the ikavof iḥomtonis essential for the preservation of the wheat., bRabba bar Rav Huna said: Any person who has Torah in him but does not have /b


Subjects of this text:

subject book bibliographic info
(biblical) law, lawlessness Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135
abel Pomeroy, Chrysostom as Exegete: Scholarly Traditions and Rhetorical Aims in the Homilies on Genesis (2021) 198
accuracy of transmission, comparisons of different versions Galinsky, Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (2016) 311, 312
accuracy of transmission, mnemonic devices Galinsky, Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (2016) 305, 306
aeneid (vergil), agriculture, economic rules of Galinsky, Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (2016) 311
alms Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 136
anger Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 133
anti-marcionite rhetoric, in tertullian Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126
antithetical Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
aphorisms Galinsky, Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (2016) 305, 306, 307, 311, 312
apostles Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
aqiva, r. Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
aristides of athens Breytenbach and Tzavella, Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas (2022) 97
athenagoras Breytenbach and Tzavella, Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas (2022) 97
authority Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
beatitudes, apostolic fathers Potter Suh and Holladay, Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays (2021) 441
beatitudes, irenaeus Potter Suh and Holladay, Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays (2021) 441
beatitudes, reception history Potter Suh and Holladay, Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays (2021) 441
beatitudes, two gospel versions Potter Suh and Holladay, Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays (2021) 400
beatitudes Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282, 283; Potter Suh and Holladay, Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays (2021) 400, 441
belief, believer Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 136
birth Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
blood Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
boundaries Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 283
bread Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
cain and abel Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131
carthage, conference of (411) Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 427
children Breytenbach and Tzavella, Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas (2022) 97
christ, humanity Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 427
christ. see jesus, christ-killers Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132
christian, critique of traditional gods Breytenbach and Tzavella, Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas (2022) 97
christians, hope Breytenbach and Tzavella, Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas (2022) 97
christians, resurrection Breytenbach and Tzavella, Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas (2022) 97
church, binding and loosing Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 427
church, jealousy in Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 133
clothing Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132
community, christian Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132
community Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135, 136
conversion, process Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 283
conversion, psychological aspects Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 283
councils and synods, carthage ( Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 427
covenant, new Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124
covenant Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124; Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
creation Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137; Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
creator Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
cross, unity through Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
cross Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
crucifixion of christ, in cyril Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
crucifixion of christ, reasons for Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 133
cyril of alexandria Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187; Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 427
death, judgment of the dead Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 427
devil, as murderer Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 132
devil, envy of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131
disciple Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282
disciples, jewishness of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
disciples of jesus, following jesus Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132, 135
disciples of jesus Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124, 132, 135, 137
drinking Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132
earth Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137
encounter Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
enemy love as vengeance deferred Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126
enoch Pomeroy, Chrysostom as Exegete: Scholarly Traditions and Rhetorical Aims in the Homilies on Genesis (2021) 198
envy, murder resulting from Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 133
envy Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 133
eschatological prophet, non-eschatological Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
eschatology, eschatological, belonging to the end-of-days, messianic age Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
eschatology Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135, 137
ethics Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135, 137
eucharist Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132
eutychians Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 427
exegesis, exegetical, interpretation of scripture, jesus command of scriptural exegesis Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
facundus of hermiane, christology Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 427
facundus of hermiane, on judgment of theologians Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 427
facundus of hermiane, pro defensio trium capitulorum Yates and Dupont, The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part II: Consolidation of the Canon to the Arab Conquest (ca. 393 to 650 CE). (2023) 427
faith Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132
fast Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 136
father, in the heavens Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137
first day of the week Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
first jewish-roman war Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
food Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132
forgiveness Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 136
gentiles, calling of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
gentiles, receiving christ Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131
god, future of Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137
god, of the creation Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137
god, one and only god Breytenbach and Tzavella, Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas (2022) 97
god, power of Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137
god, reign of Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137
god as father Sandnes and Hvalvik, Early Christian Prayer and Identity Formation (2014) 94
gospel, of matthew Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124, 132, 135, 136, 137
gospel of john, passion account of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
greek, language Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 360
happiness Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 283
hartin, patrick Visnjic, The Invention of Duty: Stoicism as Deontology (2021) 232
healing at the pool Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 133
healing of the blind man Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
health Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132
heaven Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137
hebrew language Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 360
hellenistic Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282
high priest, chief priests, hillel, the school of Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
hope Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
identity construction, along violent jew/merciful christian binary Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126
irenaeus Potter Suh and Holladay, Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays (2021) 441
israel, people/nation of Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282
jealousy Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 132, 133
jerusalem. see also temple, destruction of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
jesus, brothers of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
jesus, disciples, early followers, messianic movement Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
jesus, divine status Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
jesus, matthean Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124, 135, 137
jesus, not walking among the jews Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 187
jesus, rejection of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131
jesus, sabbath and Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 133
jewish other, religious sensitivity Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
jews Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282
jews (jewish people), anger of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 133
jews (jewish people), as chrysostoms audience Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 133
jews (jewish people), envy of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 133
jews (jewish people), killing christ Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 187
john chrysostom, audience of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 133
john chrysostom Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 133
josephus Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
judaism Sandnes and Hvalvik, Early Christian Prayer and Identity Formation (2014) 94
judgement, final (endgericht) Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132, 136
judgement Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137
just Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
justice Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124, 135, 137
justification Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 283
kingdom Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
kingdom of god/heaven Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282, 283
kingdom of god Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
kyrios Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135
law, as shadow Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
law, idolatry parallel to Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
law, unable to unify jews and gentiles Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
law Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
law in paul Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 360
literalism, judaism and Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
logion Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135
lords prayer, as community prayer Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 136
lords prayer, as supplicatory prayer Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137
lords prayer, matthean Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124, 132, 135, 136, 137
lords prayer, structure of the Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124, 136
love Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135
male as constituent factor for groups Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282
marcionite thinking, on divine judgment Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126
marx, groucho Galinsky, Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (2016) 311
mary Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
matthew, five discourses Potter Suh and Holladay, Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays (2021) 400
matthew, gospel of Sandnes and Hvalvik, Early Christian Prayer and Identity Formation (2014) 94
matthew (evangelist) Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135, 137
meier, john p. Visnjic, The Invention of Duty: Stoicism as Deontology (2021) 232
metanoia/metanoeō Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282, 283
money Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132
murder, envy leading to Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 131, 132, 133
murder, greek terms for Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 132
non-literal interpretation, name-interpretation, onomastic Pomeroy, Chrysostom as Exegete: Scholarly Traditions and Rhetorical Aims in the Homilies on Genesis (2021) 198
orthodoxy Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
parable Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135
passion narrative Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
paul (saul) Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 360
penner, todd Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126
peter Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
petitions of the lords prayer Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 136
pharisees Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282
piety, trilogy of pious actions →alms, fast, prayer Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 136
piety Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135, 136
pilate Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
poor Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282, 283
power Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
prayer, practice of Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 136
prayer Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 136
profanization Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132
prophets, gods messengers, false prophets Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
prophets, gods messengers Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
prophets/prophetic Sandnes and Hvalvik, Early Christian Prayer and Identity Formation (2014) 94
prophets Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
psychological Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 283
q source Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 137
rabbinic Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
rabbis Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
reason Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135
religion, religious Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 283
resurrection Pomeroy, Chrysostom as Exegete: Scholarly Traditions and Rhetorical Aims in the Homilies on Genesis (2021) 198
rich/wealthy Despotis and Lohr, Religious and Philosophical Conversion in the Ancient Mediterranean Traditions (2022) 282
roman empire, as threat to temple Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 132
roman empire, jerusalem destroyed by Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
rome Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
rylaarsdam, david m., sabbath, healing on Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 133
sacrality Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132
sadducees Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
salvation Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
scripture, law as Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
second temple period, jewry, tradition Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
seeing god, beatitudes, irenaeus Potter Suh and Holladay, Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays (2021) 441
seeing god Potter Suh and Holladay, Hellenistic Jewish Literature and the New Testament: Collected Essays (2021) 441
sermon of the mount, interpretation of the Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124
sermon of the mount, redaction of the Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124
sermon of the mount, structure of the Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124, 132, 135, 136
sermon of the mount Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124, 132, 136, 137
sermon on the mount/sermon on the plain as vengeance deferred Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126
sermon on the mount Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
seth Pomeroy, Chrysostom as Exegete: Scholarly Traditions and Rhetorical Aims in the Homilies on Genesis (2021) 198
similiarities between, written sources Galinsky, Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (2016) 306, 307
similiarities between Galinsky, Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (2016) 305, 306
sinai, sinai tradition Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 124
sins, transgressions, sinners, forgiveness of Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
sons/children of god Sandnes and Hvalvik, Early Christian Prayer and Identity Formation (2014) 94
stendahl, krister Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126
suffering Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
synagogues, sons of the Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 187
synoptic, tradition Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 360
synoptic gospels, discrepancies between Galinsky, Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity (2016) 306, 307, 311, 312
talionic justice Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126
temple, jesus as threat to Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 132
temptation Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 121
tertullian Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126
the poor, care of Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 133
torah Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135, 136; Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
twelve Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
vainglory Azar, Exegeting the Jews: the early reception of the Johannine "Jews" (2016) 133
valentinians Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
vengeance, divine Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126
virtue Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 135, 136, 137
way of life Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 136
wisdom Langstaff, Stuckenbruck, and Tilly,, The Lord’s Prayer (2022) 132, 135; Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
women' Vinzent, Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament (2013) 90
worship, early christian worship Sandnes and Hvalvik, Early Christian Prayer and Identity Formation (2014) 94
worship Breytenbach and Tzavella, Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas (2022) 97
zerbe, gordon Matthews, Perfect Martyr: The Stoning of Stephen and the Construction of Christian Identity (2010) 126