1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 4.24, 7.8, 9.26, 10.16, 15.15, 21.8, 24.18, 30.6, 32.39, 32.43 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 4.24. כִּי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵשׁ אֹכְלָה הוּא אֵל קַנָּא׃ 7.8. כִּי מֵאַהֲבַת יְהוָה אֶתְכֶם וּמִשָּׁמְרוּ אֶת־הַשְּׁבֻעָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶם הוֹצִיא יְהוָה אֶתְכֶם בְּיָד חֲזָקָה וַיִּפְדְּךָ מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים מִיַּד פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרָיִם׃ 9.26. וָאֶתְפַּלֵּל אֶל־יְהוָה וָאֹמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת עַמְּךָ וְנַחֲלָתְךָ אֲשֶׁר פָּדִיתָ בְּגָדְלֶךָ אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵאתָ מִמִּצְרַיִם בְּיָד חֲזָקָה׃ 10.16. וּמַלְתֶּם אֵת עָרְלַת לְבַבְכֶם וְעָרְפְּכֶם לֹא תַקְשׁוּ עוֹד׃ 15.15. וְזָכַרְתָּ כִּי עֶבֶד הָיִיתָ בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם וַיִּפְדְּךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ עַל־כֵּן אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה הַיּוֹם׃ 21.8. כַּפֵּר לְעַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר־פָּדִיתָ יְהוָה וְאַל־תִּתֵּן דָּם נָקִי בְּקֶרֶב עַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנִכַּפֵּר לָהֶם הַדָּם׃ 24.18. וְזָכַרְתָּ כִּי עֶבֶד הָיִיתָ בְּמִצְרַיִם וַיִּפְדְּךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מִשָּׁם עַל־כֵּן אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה׃ 30.6. וּמָל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת־לְבָבְךָ וְאֶת־לְבַב זַרְעֶךָ לְאַהֲבָה אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁךָ לְמַעַן חַיֶּיךָ׃ 32.39. רְאוּ עַתָּה כִּי אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא וְאֵין אֱלֹהִים עִמָּדִי אֲנִי אָמִית וַאֲחַיֶּה מָחַצְתִּי וַאֲנִי אֶרְפָּא וְאֵין מִיָּדִי מַצִּיל׃ 32.43. הַרְנִינוּ גוֹיִם עַמּוֹ כִּי דַם־עֲבָדָיו יִקּוֹם וְנָקָם יָשִׁיב לְצָרָיו וְכִפֶּר אַדְמָתוֹ עַמּוֹ׃ | 4.24. For the LORD thy God is a devouring fire, a jealous God." 7.8. but because the LORD loved you, and because He would keep the oath which He swore unto your fathers, hath the LORD brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of bondage, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt." 9.26. And I prayed unto the LORD, and said: ‘O Lord GOD, destroy not Thy people and Thine inheritance, that Thou hast redeemed through Thy greatness, that Thou hast brought forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand." 10.16. Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked." 15.15. And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee; therefore I command thee this thing to-day." 21.8. Forgive, O LORD, Thy people Israel, whom Thou hast redeemed, and suffer not innocent blood to remain in the midst of Thy people Israel.’ And the blood shall be forgiven them." 24.18. But thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee thence; therefore I command thee to do this thing." 30.6. And the LORD thy God will circumcise thy heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live." 32.39. See now that I, even I, am He, And there is no god with Me; I kill, and I make alive; I have wounded, and I heal; And there is none that can deliver out of My hand." 32.43. Sing aloud, O ye nations, of His people; For He doth avenge the blood of His servants, And doth render vengeance to His adversaries, And doth make expiation for the land of His people." |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 6.4, 6.6, 12.13, 12.38, 12.45, 12.48-12.49, 15.13, 24.1-24.8, 30.5 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 6.4. וְגַם הֲקִמֹתִי אֶת־בְּרִיתִי אִתָּם לָתֵת לָהֶם אֶת־אֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן אֵת אֶרֶץ מְגֻרֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר־גָּרוּ בָהּ׃ 6.6. לָכֵן אֱמֹר לִבְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲנִי יְהוָה וְהוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם מִתַּחַת סִבְלֹת מִצְרַיִם וְהִצַּלְתִּי אֶתְכֶם מֵעֲבֹדָתָם וְגָאַלְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בִּזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה וּבִשְׁפָטִים גְּדֹלִים׃ 12.13. וְהָיָה הַדָּם לָכֶם לְאֹת עַל הַבָּתִּים אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם שָׁם וְרָאִיתִי אֶת־הַדָּם וּפָסַחְתִּי עֲלֵכֶם וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה בָכֶם נֶגֶף לְמַשְׁחִית בְּהַכֹּתִי בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם׃ 12.38. וְגַם־עֵרֶב רַב עָלָה אִתָּם וְצֹאן וּבָקָר מִקְנֶה כָּבֵד מְאֹד׃ 12.45. תּוֹשָׁב וְשָׂכִיר לֹא־יֹאכַל־בּוֹ׃ 12.48. וְכִי־יָגוּר אִתְּךָ גֵּר וְעָשָׂה פֶסַח לַיהוָה הִמּוֹל לוֹ כָל־זָכָר וְאָז יִקְרַב לַעֲשֹׂתוֹ וְהָיָה כְּאֶזְרַח הָאָרֶץ וְכָל־עָרֵל לֹא־יֹאכַל בּוֹ׃ 12.49. תּוֹרָה אַחַת יִהְיֶה לָאֶזְרָח וְלַגֵּר הַגָּר בְּתוֹכְכֶם׃ 15.13. נָחִיתָ בְחַסְדְּךָ עַם־זוּ גָּאָלְתָּ נֵהַלְתָּ בְעָזְּךָ אֶל־נְוֵה קָדְשֶׁךָ׃ 24.1. וַיִּרְאוּ אֵת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְתַחַת רַגְלָיו כְּמַעֲשֵׂה לִבְנַת הַסַּפִּיר וּכְעֶצֶם הַשָּׁמַיִם לָטֹהַר׃ 24.1. וְאֶל־מֹשֶׁה אָמַר עֲלֵה אֶל־יְהוָה אַתָּה וְאַהֲרֹן נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא וְשִׁבְעִים מִזִּקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶם מֵרָחֹק׃ 24.2. וְנִגַּשׁ מֹשֶׁה לְבַדּוֹ אֶל־יְהוָה וְהֵם לֹא יִגָּשׁוּ וְהָעָם לֹא יַעֲלוּ עִמּוֹ׃ 24.3. וַיָּבֹא מֹשֶׁה וַיְסַפֵּר לָעָם אֵת כָּל־דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה וְאֵת כָּל־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים וַיַּעַן כָּל־הָעָם קוֹל אֶחָד וַיֹּאמְרוּ כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר יְהוָה נַעֲשֶׂה׃ 24.4. וַיִּכְתֹּב מֹשֶׁה אֵת כָּל־דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה וַיַּשְׁכֵּם בַּבֹּקֶר וַיִּבֶן מִזְבֵּחַ תַּחַת הָהָר וּשְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה מַצֵּבָה לִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃ 24.5. וַיִּשְׁלַח אֶת־נַעֲרֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּעֲלוּ עֹלֹת וַיִּזְבְּחוּ זְבָחִים שְׁלָמִים לַיהוָה פָּרִים׃ 24.6. וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה חֲצִי הַדָּם וַיָּשֶׂם בָּאַגָּנֹת וַחֲצִי הַדָּם זָרַק עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ׃ 24.7. וַיִּקַּח סֵפֶר הַבְּרִית וַיִּקְרָא בְּאָזְנֵי הָעָם וַיֹּאמְרוּ כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר יְהוָה נַעֲשֶׂה וְנִשְׁמָע׃ 24.8. וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־הַדָּם וַיִּזְרֹק עַל־הָעָם וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּה דַם־הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר כָּרַת יְהוָה עִמָּכֶם עַל כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה׃ 30.5. וְעָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַבַּדִּים עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתָם זָהָב׃ | 6.4. And I have also established My covet with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their sojournings, wherein they sojourned." 6.6. Wherefore say unto the children of Israel: I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will deliver you from their bondage, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm, and with great judgments;" 12.13. And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and there shall no plague be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt." 12.38. And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle." 12.45. A sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat thereof." 12.48. And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land; but no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof." 12.49. One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.’" 15.13. Thou in Thy love hast led the people that Thou hast redeemed; Thou hast guided them in Thy strength to Thy holy habitation." 24.1. And unto Moses He said: ‘Come up unto the LORD, thou, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel; and worship ye afar off;" 24.2. and Moses alone shall come near unto the LORD; but they shall not come near; neither shall the people go up with him.’" 24.3. And Moses came and told the people all the words of the LORD, and all the ordices; and all the people answered with one voice, and said: ‘All the words which the Lord hath spoken will we do.’" 24.4. And Moses wrote all the words of the LORD, and rose up early in the morning, and builded an altar under the mount, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel." 24.5. And he sent the young men of the children of Israel, who offered burnt-offerings, and sacrificed peace-offerings of oxen unto the LORD." 24.6. And Moses took half of the blood, and put it in basins; and half of the blood he dashed against the altar." 24.7. And he took the book of the covet, and read in the hearing of the people; and they said: ‘All that the LORD hath spoken will we do, and obey.’" 24.8. And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said: ‘Behold the blood of the covet, which the LORD hath made with you in agreement with all these words.’" 30.5. And thou shalt make the staves of acacia-wood, and overlay them with gold." |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 3.22, 15.7-15.21, 17.1-17.21, 26.2-26.5, 28.13-28.15 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 3.22. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה כְּאַחַד מִמֶּנּוּ לָדַעַת טוֹב וָרָע וְעַתָּה פֶּן־יִשְׁלַח יָדוֹ וְלָקַח גַּם מֵעֵץ הַחַיִּים וְאָכַל וָחַי לְעֹלָם׃ 15.7. וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו אֲנִי יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִיךָ מֵאוּר כַּשְׂדִּים לָתֶת לְךָ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת לְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃ 15.8. וַיֹּאמַר אֲדֹנָי יֱהוִה בַּמָּה אֵדַע כִּי אִירָשֶׁנָּה׃ 15.9. וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו קְחָה לִי עֶגְלָה מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת וְעֵז מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת וְאַיִל מְשֻׁלָּשׁ וְתֹר וְגוֹזָל׃ 15.11. וַיֵּרֶד הָעַיִט עַל־הַפְּגָרִים וַיַּשֵּׁב אֹתָם אַבְרָם׃ 15.12. וַיְהִי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ לָבוֹא וְתַרְדֵּמָה נָפְלָה עַל־אַבְרָם וְהִנֵּה אֵימָה חֲשֵׁכָה גְדֹלָה נֹפֶלֶת עָלָיו׃ 15.13. וַיֹּאמֶר לְאַבְרָם יָדֹעַ תֵּדַע כִּי־גֵר יִהְיֶה זַרְעֲךָ בְּאֶרֶץ לֹא לָהֶם וַעֲבָדוּם וְעִנּוּ אֹתָם אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה׃ 15.14. וְגַם אֶת־הַגּוֹי אֲשֶׁר יַעֲבֹדוּ דָּן אָנֹכִי וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵן יֵצְאוּ בִּרְכֻשׁ גָּדוֹל׃ 15.15. וְאַתָּה תָּבוֹא אֶל־אֲבֹתֶיךָ בְּשָׁלוֹם תִּקָּבֵר בְּשֵׂיבָה טוֹבָה׃ 15.16. וְדוֹר רְבִיעִי יָשׁוּבוּ הֵנָּה כִּי לֹא־שָׁלֵם עֲוֺן הָאֱמֹרִי עַד־הֵנָּה׃ 15.17. וַיְהִי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בָּאָה וַעֲלָטָה הָיָה וְהִנֵּה תַנּוּר עָשָׁן וְלַפִּיד אֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר עָבַר בֵּין הַגְּזָרִים הָאֵלֶּה׃ 15.18. בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא כָּרַת יְהוָה אֶת־אַבְרָם בְּרִית לֵאמֹר לְזַרְעֲךָ נָתַתִּי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת מִנְּהַר מִצְרַיִם עַד־הַנָּהָר הַגָּדֹל נְהַר־פְּרָת׃ 15.19. אֶת־הַקֵּינִי וְאֶת־הַקְּנִזִּי וְאֵת הַקַּדְמֹנִי׃ 15.21. וְאֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי וְאֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִי וְאֶת־הַגִּרְגָּשִׁי וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִי׃ 17.1. זֹאת בְּרִיתִי אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁמְרוּ בֵּינִי וּבֵינֵיכֶם וּבֵין זַרְעֲךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ הִמּוֹל לָכֶם כָּל־זָכָר׃ 17.1. וַיְהִי אַבְרָם בֶּן־תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה וְתֵשַׁע שָׁנִים וַיֵּרָא יְהוָה אֶל־אַבְרָם וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו אֲנִי־אֵל שַׁדַּי הִתְהַלֵּךְ לְפָנַי וֶהְיֵה תָמִים׃ 17.2. וּלְיִשְׁמָעֵאל שְׁמַעְתִּיךָ הִנֵּה בֵּרַכְתִּי אֹתוֹ וְהִפְרֵיתִי אֹתוֹ וְהִרְבֵּיתִי אֹתוֹ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר נְשִׂיאִם יוֹלִיד וּנְתַתִּיו לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל׃ 17.2. וְאֶתְּנָה בְרִיתִי בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ וְאַרְבֶּה אוֹתְךָ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד׃ 17.3. וַיִּפֹּל אַבְרָם עַל־פָּנָיו וַיְדַבֵּר אִתּוֹ אֱלֹהִים לֵאמֹר׃ 17.4. אֲנִי הִנֵּה בְרִיתִי אִתָּךְ וְהָיִיתָ לְאַב הֲמוֹן גּוֹיִם׃ 17.5. וְלֹא־יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם וְהָיָה שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָהָם כִּי אַב־הֲמוֹן גּוֹיִם נְתַתִּיךָ׃ 17.6. וְהִפְרֵתִי אֹתְךָ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד וּנְתַתִּיךָ לְגוֹיִם וּמְלָכִים מִמְּךָ יֵצֵאוּ׃ 17.7. וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת־בְּרִיתִי בֵּינִי וּבֵינֶךָ וּבֵין זַרְעֲךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ לְדֹרֹתָם לִבְרִית עוֹלָם לִהְיוֹת לְךָ לֵאלֹהִים וּלְזַרְעֲךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ׃ 17.8. וְנָתַתִּי לְךָ וּלְזַרְעֲךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ אֵת אֶרֶץ מְגֻרֶיךָ אֵת כָּל־אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן לַאֲחֻזַּת עוֹלָם וְהָיִיתִי לָהֶם לֵאלֹהִים׃ 17.9. וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֶל־אַבְרָהָם וְאַתָּה אֶת־בְּרִיתִי תִשְׁמֹר אַתָּה וְזַרְעֲךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ לְדֹרֹתָם׃ 17.11. וּנְמַלְתֶּם אֵת בְּשַׂר עָרְלַתְכֶם וְהָיָה לְאוֹת בְּרִית בֵּינִי וּבֵינֵיכֶם׃ 17.12. וּבֶן־שְׁמֹנַת יָמִים יִמּוֹל לָכֶם כָּל־זָכָר לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם יְלִיד בָּיִת וּמִקְנַת־כֶּסֶף מִכֹּל בֶּן־נֵכָר אֲשֶׁר לֹא מִזַּרְעֲךָ הוּא׃ 17.13. הִמּוֹל יִמּוֹל יְלִיד בֵּיתְךָ וּמִקְנַת כַּסְפֶּךָ וְהָיְתָה בְרִיתִי בִּבְשַׂרְכֶם לִבְרִית עוֹלָם׃ 17.14. וְעָרֵל זָכָר אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִמּוֹל אֶת־בְּשַׂר עָרְלָתוֹ וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מֵעַמֶּיהָ אֶת־בְּרִיתִי הֵפַר׃ 17.15. וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֶל־אַבְרָהָם שָׂרַי אִשְׁתְּךָ לֹא־תִקְרָא אֶת־שְׁמָהּ שָׂרָי כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ׃ 17.16. וּבֵרַכְתִּי אֹתָהּ וְגַם נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנָּה לְךָ בֵּן וּבֵרַכְתִּיהָ וְהָיְתָה לְגוֹיִם מַלְכֵי עַמִּים מִמֶּנָּה יִהְיוּ׃ 17.17. וַיִּפֹּל אַבְרָהָם עַל־פָּנָיו וַיִּצְחָק וַיֹּאמֶר בְּלִבּוֹ הַלְּבֶן מֵאָה־שָׁנָה יִוָּלֵד וְאִם־שָׂרָה הֲבַת־תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה תֵּלֵד׃ 17.18. וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְרָהָם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים לוּ יִשְׁמָעֵאל יִחְיֶה לְפָנֶיךָ׃ 17.19. וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֲבָל שָׂרָה אִשְׁתְּךָ יֹלֶדֶת לְךָ בֵּן וְקָרָאתָ אֶת־שְׁמוֹ יִצְחָק וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת־בְּרִיתִי אִתּוֹ לִבְרִית עוֹלָם לְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָיו׃ 17.21. וְאֶת־בְּרִיתִי אָקִים אֶת־יִצְחָק אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵד לְךָ שָׂרָה לַמּוֹעֵד הַזֶּה בַּשָּׁנָה הָאַחֶרֶת׃ 26.2. וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו יְהוָה וַיֹּאמֶר אַל־תֵּרֵד מִצְרָיְמָה שְׁכֹן בָּאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אֹמַר אֵלֶיךָ׃ 26.2. וַיָּרִיבוּ רֹעֵי גְרָר עִם־רֹעֵי יִצְחָק לֵאמֹר לָנוּ הַמָּיִם וַיִּקְרָא שֵׁם־הַבְּאֵר עֵשֶׂק כִּי הִתְעַשְּׂקוּ עִמּוֹ׃ 26.3. גּוּר בָּאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת וְאֶהְיֶה עִמְּךָ וַאֲבָרְכֶךָּ כִּי־לְךָ וּלְזַרְעֲךָ אֶתֵּן אֶת־כָּל־הָאֲרָצֹת הָאֵל וַהֲקִמֹתִי אֶת־הַשְּׁבֻעָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָם אָבִיךָ׃ 26.3. וַיַּעַשׂ לָהֶם מִשְׁתֶּה וַיֹּאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁתּוּ׃ 26.4. וְהִרְבֵּיתִי אֶת־זַרְעֲךָ כְּכוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם וְנָתַתִּי לְזַרְעֲךָ אֵת כָּל־הָאֲרָצֹת הָאֵל וְהִתְבָּרֲכוּ בְזַרְעֲךָ כֹּל גּוֹיֵי הָאָרֶץ׃ 26.5. עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר־שָׁמַע אַבְרָהָם בְּקֹלִי וַיִּשְׁמֹר מִשְׁמַרְתִּי מִצְוֺתַי חֻקּוֹתַי וְתוֹרֹתָי׃ 28.13. וְהִנֵּה יְהוָה נִצָּב עָלָיו וַיֹּאמַר אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אָבִיךָ וֵאלֹהֵי יִצְחָק הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה שֹׁכֵב עָלֶיהָ לְךָ אֶתְּנֶנָּה וּלְזַרְעֶךָ׃ 28.14. וְהָיָה זַרְעֲךָ כַּעֲפַר הָאָרֶץ וּפָרַצְתָּ יָמָּה וָקֵדְמָה וְצָפֹנָה וָנֶגְבָּה וְנִבְרֲכוּ בְךָ כָּל־מִשְׁפְּחֹת הָאֲדָמָה וּבְזַרְעֶךָ׃ 28.15. וְהִנֵּה אָנֹכִי עִמָּךְ וּשְׁמַרְתִּיךָ בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־תֵּלֵךְ וַהֲשִׁבֹתִיךָ אֶל־הָאֲדָמָה הַזֹּאת כִּי לֹא אֶעֱזָבְךָ עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם־עָשִׂיתִי אֵת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּרְתִּי לָךְ׃ | 3.22. And the LORD God said: ‘Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil; and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever.’" 15.7. And He said unto him: ‘I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it.’" 15.8. And he said: ‘O Lord GOD, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it?’" 15.9. And He said unto him: ‘Take Me a heifer of three years old, and a she-goat of three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a turtle-dove, and a young pigeon.’" 15.10. And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each half over against the other; but the birds divided he not." 15.11. And the birds of prey came down upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away." 15.12. And it came to pass, that, when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, a dread, even a great darkness, fell upon him." 15.13. And He said unto Abram: ‘Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;" 15.14. and also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge; and afterward shall they come out with great substance." 15.15. But thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age." 15.16. And in the fourth generation they shall come back hither; for the iniquity of the Amorite is not yet full.’" 15.17. And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and there was thick darkness, behold a smoking furnace, and a flaming torch that passed between these pieces." 15.18. In that day the LORD made a covet with Abram, saying: ‘Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates;" 15.19. the Kenite, and the Kenizzite, and the Kadmonite," 15.20. and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Rephaim," 15.21. and the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Girgashite, and the Jebusite.’" 17.1. And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram, and said unto him: ‘I am God Almighty; walk before Me, and be thou wholehearted." 17.2. And I will make My covet between Me and thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly.’" 17.3. And Abram fell on his face; and God talked with him, saying:" 17.4. ’As for Me, behold, My covet is with thee, and thou shalt be the father of a multitude of nations." 17.5. Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for the father of a multitude of nations have I made thee." 17.6. And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee." 17.7. And I will establish My covet between Me and thee and thy seed after thee throughout their generations for an everlasting covet, to be a God unto thee and to thy seed after thee." 17.8. And I will give unto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the land of thy sojournings, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.’" 17.9. And God said unto Abraham: ‘And as for thee, thou shalt keep My covet, thou, and thy seed after thee throughout their generations." 17.10. This is My covet, which ye shall keep, between Me and you and thy seed after thee: every male among you shall be circumcised." 17.11. And ye shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin; and it shall be a token of a covet betwixt Me and you." 17.12. And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every male throughout your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any foreigner, that is not of thy seed." 17.13. He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised; and My covet shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covet." 17.14. And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken My covet.’" 17.15. And God said unto Abraham: ‘As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be." 17.16. And I will bless her, and moreover I will give thee a son of her; yea, I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations; kings of peoples shall be of her.’" 17.17. Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart: ‘Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear?’" 17.18. And Abraham said unto God: ‘Oh that Ishmael might live before Thee! ’" 17.19. And God said: ‘‘Nay, but Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son; and thou shalt call his name Isaac; and I will establish My covet with him for an everlasting covet for his seed after him." 17.20. And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee; behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation." 17.21. But My covet will I establish with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year.’" 26.2. And the LORD appeared unto him, and said: ‘Go not down unto Egypt; dwell in the land which I shall tell thee of." 26.3. Sojourn in this land, and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for unto thee, and unto thy seed, I will give all these lands, and I will establish the oath which I swore unto Abraham thy father;" 26.4. and I will multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these lands; and by thy seed shall all the nations of the earth bless themselves;" 26.5. because that Abraham hearkened to My voice, and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes, and My laws.’" 28.13. And, behold, the LORD stood beside him, and said: ‘I am the LORD, the God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac. The land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it, and to thy seed." 28.14. And thy seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and thou shalt spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south. And in thee and in thy seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed." 28.15. And, behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee whithersoever thou goest, and will bring thee back into this land; for I will not leave thee, until I have done that which I have spoken to thee of.’" |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Hosea, 2.25 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 2.25. וּזְרַעְתִּיהָ לִּי בָּאָרֶץ וְרִחַמְתִּי אֶת־לֹא רֻחָמָה וְאָמַרְתִּי לְלֹא־עַמִּי עַמִּי־אַתָּה וְהוּא יֹאמַר אֱלֹהָי׃ | 2.25. And I will sow her unto Me in the land; And I will have compassion upon her that had not obtained compassion; And I will say to them that were not My people: ‘Thou art My people’; And they shall say: ‘Thou art my God.’" |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 12.3, 26.11-26.12 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 12.3. וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי יִמּוֹל בְּשַׂר עָרְלָתוֹ׃ 26.11. וְנָתַתִּי מִשְׁכָּנִי בְּתוֹכְכֶם וְלֹא־תִגְעַל נַפְשִׁי אֶתְכֶם׃ 26.12. וְהִתְהַלַּכְתִּי בְּתוֹכְכֶם וְהָיִיתִי לָכֶם לֵאלֹהִים וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ־לִי לְעָם׃ | 12.3. And in the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised." 26.11. And I will set My tabernacle among you, and My soul shall not abhor you." 26.12. And I will walk among you, and will be your God, and ye shall be My people." |
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6. Hebrew Bible, Micah, 4.1-4.2, 4.4 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 4.1. חוּלִי וָגֹחִי בַּת־צִיּוֹן כַּיּוֹלֵדָה כִּי־עַתָּה תֵצְאִי מִקִּרְיָה וְשָׁכַנְתְּ בַּשָּׂדֶה וּבָאת עַד־בָּבֶל שָׁם תִּנָּצֵלִי שָׁם יִגְאָלֵךְ יְהוָה מִכַּף אֹיְבָיִךְ׃ 4.1. וְהָיָה בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים יִהְיֶה הַר בֵּית־יְהוָה נָכוֹן בְּרֹאשׁ הֶהָרִים וְנִשָּׂא הוּא מִגְּבָעוֹת וְנָהֲרוּ עָלָיו עַמִּים׃ 4.2. וְהָלְכוּ גּוֹיִם רַבִּים וְאָמְרוּ לְכוּ וְנַעֲלֶה אֶל־הַר־יְהוָה וְאֶל־בֵּית אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב וְיוֹרֵנוּ מִדְּרָכָיו וְנֵלְכָה בְּאֹרְחֹתָיו כִּי מִצִּיּוֹן תֵּצֵא תוֹרָה וּדְבַר־יְהוָה מִירוּשָׁלִָם׃ 4.4. וְיָשְׁבוּ אִישׁ תַּחַת גַּפְנוֹ וְתַחַת תְּאֵנָתוֹ וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד כִּי־פִי יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת דִּבֵּר׃ | 4.1. But in the end of days it shall come to pass, That the mountain of the LORD’S house shall be established as the top of the mountains, And it shall be exalted above the hills; And peoples shall flow unto it." 4.2. And many nations shall go and say: ‘Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, And to the house of the God of Jacob; And He will teach us of His ways, And we will walk in His paths’; For out of Zion shall go forth the law, And the word of the LORD from Jerusalem." 4.4. But they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig-tree; And none shall make them afraid; For the mouth of the LORD of hosts hath spoken." |
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7. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 23.31 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 23.31. אַל־תֵּרֶא יַיִן כִּי יִתְאַדָּם כִּי־יִתֵּן בכיס [בַּכּוֹס] עֵינוֹ יִתְהַלֵּךְ בְּמֵישָׁרִים׃ | 23.31. Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth its colour in the cup, When it glideth down smoothly;" |
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8. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 24.7-24.10, 27.1, 29.3, 68.18-68.19, 103.3, 103.8 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 24.7. שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם וְהִנָּשְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵי עוֹלָם וְיָבוֹא מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד׃ 24.8. מִי זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד יְהוָה עִזּוּז וְגִבּוֹר יְהוָה גִּבּוֹר מִלְחָמָה׃ 24.9. שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם וּשְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵי עוֹלָם וְיָבֹא מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד׃ 27.1. כִּי־אָבִי וְאִמִּי עֲזָבוּנִי וַיהוָה יַאַסְפֵנִי׃ 27.1. לְדָוִד יְהוָה אוֹרִי וְיִשְׁעִי מִמִּי אִירָא יְהוָה מָעוֹז־חַיַּי מִמִּי אֶפְחָד׃ 29.3. קוֹל יְהוָה עַל־הַמָּיִם אֵל־הַכָּבוֹד הִרְעִים יְהוָה עַל־מַיִם רַבִּים׃ 68.18. רֶכֶב אֱלֹהִים רִבֹּתַיִם אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָן אֲדֹנָי בָם סִינַי בַּקֹּדֶשׁ׃ 68.19. עָלִיתָ לַמָּרוֹם שָׁבִיתָ שֶּׁבִי לָקַחְתָּ מַתָּנוֹת בָּאָדָם וְאַף סוֹרְרִים לִשְׁכֹּן יָהּ אֱלֹהִים׃ 103.3. הַסֹּלֵחַ לְכָל־עֲוֺנֵכִי הָרֹפֵא לְכָל־תַּחֲלֻאָיְכִי׃ 103.8. רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן יְהוָה אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם וְרַב־חָסֶד׃ | 24.7. Lift up your heads, O ye gates, and be ye lifted up, ye everlasting doors; that the King of glory may come in." 24.8. 'Who is the King of glory?' 'The LORD strong and mighty, The LORD mighty in battle.'" 24.9. Lift up your heads, O ye gates, Yea, lift them up, ye everlasting doors; That the King of glory may come in." 24.10. 'Who then is the King of glory?' 'The LORD of hosts; He is the King of glory.' Selah" 27.1. [A Psalm] of David. The LORD is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? The LORD is the stronghold of my life; of whom shall I be afraid?" 29.3. The voice of the LORD is upon the waters; The God of glory thundereth, Even the LORD upon many waters." 68.18. The chariots of God are myriads, even thousands upon thousands; The Lord is among them, as in Sinai, in holiness." 68.19. Thou hast ascended on high, Thou hast led captivity captive; Thou hast received gifts among men, Yea, among the rebellious also, that the LORD God might dwell there." 103.3. Who forgiveth all thine iniquity; Who healeth all Thy diseases;" 103.8. The LORD is full of compassion and gracious, Slow to anger, and plenteous in mercy." |
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9. Hebrew Bible, 2 Samuel, 7 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
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10. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 2.2-2.4, 6.3, 9.2, 10.17, 26.18, 42.6, 49.6, 51.4, 52.7, 57.19, 60.1 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 2.2. וְהָיָה בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים נָכוֹן יִהְיֶה הַר בֵּית־יְהוָה בְּרֹאשׁ הֶהָרִים וְנִשָּׂא מִגְּבָעוֹת וְנָהֲרוּ אֵלָיו כָּל־הַגּוֹיִם׃ 2.2. בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יַשְׁלִיךְ הָאָדָם אֵת אֱלִילֵי כַסְפּוֹ וְאֵת אֱלִילֵי זְהָבוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ־לוֹ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺת לַחְפֹּר פֵּרוֹת וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִים׃ 2.3. וְהָלְכוּ עַמִּים רַבִּים וְאָמְרוּ לְכוּ וְנַעֲלֶה אֶל־הַר־יְהוָה אֶל־בֵּית אֱלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב וְיֹרֵנוּ מִדְּרָכָיו וְנֵלְכָה בְּאֹרְחֹתָיו כִּי מִצִּיּוֹן תֵּצֵא תוֹרָה וּדְבַר־יְהוָה מִירוּשָׁלִָם׃ 2.4. וְשָׁפַט בֵּין הַגּוֹיִם וְהוֹכִיחַ לְעַמִּים רַבִּים וְכִתְּתוּ חַרְבוֹתָם לְאִתִּים וַחֲנִיתוֹתֵיהֶם לְמַזְמֵרוֹת לֹא־יִשָּׂא גוֹי אֶל־גּוֹי חֶרֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְדוּ עוֹד מִלְחָמָה׃ 6.3. וְקָרָא זֶה אֶל־זֶה וְאָמַר קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת מְלֹא כָל־הָאָרֶץ כְּבוֹדוֹ׃ 9.2. הִרְבִּיתָ הַגּוֹי לא [לוֹ] הִגְדַּלְתָּ הַשִּׂמְחָה שָׂמְחוּ לְפָנֶיךָ כְּשִׂמְחַת בַּקָּצִיר כַּאֲשֶׁר יָגִילוּ בְּחַלְּקָם שָׁלָל׃ 9.2. מְנַשֶּׁה אֶת־אֶפְרַיִם וְאֶפְרַיִם אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁה יַחְדָּו הֵמָּה עַל־יְהוּדָה בְּכָל־זֹאת לֹא־שָׁב אַפּוֹ וְעוֹד יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה׃ 10.17. וְהָיָה אוֹר־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְאֵשׁ וּקְדוֹשׁוֹ לְלֶהָבָה וּבָעֲרָה וְאָכְלָה שִׁיתוֹ וּשְׁמִירוֹ בְּיוֹם אֶחָד׃ 26.18. הָרִינוּ חַלְנוּ כְּמוֹ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ יְשׁוּעֹת בַּל־נַעֲשֶׂה אֶרֶץ וּבַל־יִפְּלוּ יֹשְׁבֵי תֵבֵל׃ 42.6. אֲנִי יְהוָה קְרָאתִיךָ בְצֶדֶק וְאַחְזֵק בְּיָדֶךָ וְאֶצָּרְךָ וְאֶתֶּנְךָ לִבְרִית עָם לְאוֹר גּוֹיִם׃ 49.6. וַיֹּאמֶר נָקֵל מִהְיוֹתְךָ לִי עֶבֶד לְהָקִים אֶת־שִׁבְטֵי יַעֲקֹב ונצירי [וּנְצוּרֵי] יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהָשִׁיב וּנְתַתִּיךָ לְאוֹר גּוֹיִם לִהְיוֹת יְשׁוּעָתִי עַד־קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ׃ 51.4. הַקְשִׁיבוּ אֵלַי עַמִּי וּלְאוּמִּי אֵלַי הַאֲזִינוּ כִּי תוֹרָה מֵאִתִּי תֵצֵא וּמִשְׁפָּטִי לְאוֹר עַמִּים אַרְגִּיעַ׃ 52.7. מַה־נָּאווּ עַל־הֶהָרִים רַגְלֵי מְבַשֵּׂר מַשְׁמִיעַ שָׁלוֹם מְבַשֵּׂר טוֹב מַשְׁמִיעַ יְשׁוּעָה אֹמֵר לְצִיּוֹן מָלַךְ אֱלֹהָיִךְ׃ 57.19. בּוֹרֵא נוב [נִיב] שְׂפָתָיִם שָׁלוֹם שָׁלוֹם לָרָחוֹק וְלַקָּרוֹב אָמַר יְהוָה וּרְפָאתִיו׃ 60.1. וּבָנוּ בְנֵי־נֵכָר חֹמֹתַיִךְ וּמַלְכֵיהֶם יְשָׁרְתוּנֶךְ כִּי בְקִצְפִּי הִכִּיתִיךְ וּבִרְצוֹנִי רִחַמְתִּיךְ׃ 60.1. קוּמִי אוֹרִי כִּי בָא אוֹרֵךְ וּכְבוֹד יְהוָה עָלַיִךְ זָרָח׃ | 2.2. And it shall come to pass in the end of days, That the mountain of the LORD’S house Shall be established as the top of the mountains, And shall be exalted above the hills; And all nations shall flow unto it." 2.3. And many peoples shall go and say: ‘Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, To the house of the God of Jacob; And He will teach us of His ways, And we will walk in His paths.’ For out of Zion shall go forth the law, And the word of the LORD from Jerusalem." 2.4. And He shall judge between the nations, And shall decide for many peoples; And they shall beat their swords into plowshares, And their spears into pruninghooks; Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, Neither shall they learn war any more." 6.3. And one called unto another, and said: Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts; The whole earth is full of His glory." 9.2. Thou hast multiplied the nation, Thou hast increased their joy; they joy before Thee according to the joy in harvest, as men rejoice when they divide the spoil." 10.17. And the light of Israel shall be for a fire, And his Holy One for a flame; And it shall burn and devour his thorns And his briers in one day." 26.18. We have been with child, we have been in pain, We have as it were brought forth wind; We have not wrought any deliverance in the land; Neither are the inhabitants of the world come to life." 42.6. I the LORD have called thee in righteousness, And have taken hold of thy hand, And kept thee, and set thee for a covet of the people, For a light of the nations;" 49.6. Yea, He saith: ‘It is too light a thing that thou shouldest be My servant To raise up the tribes of Jacob, And to restore the offspring of Israel; I will also give thee for a light of the nations, That My salvation may be unto the end of the earth.’" 51.4. Attend unto Me, O My people, And give ear unto Me, O My nation; For instruction shall go forth from Me, And My right on a sudden for a light of the peoples." 52.7. How beautiful upon the mountains Are the feet of the messenger of good tidings, That announceth peace, the harbinger of good tidings, That announceth salvation; That saith unto Zion: ‘Thy God reigneth! ’" 57.19. Peace, peace, to him that is far off and to him that is near, Saith the LORD that createth the fruit of the lips; And I will heal him." 60.1. Arise, shine, for thy light is come, And the glory of the LORD is risen upon thee." |
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11. Hebrew Bible, Jeremiah, 4.4, 31.32-31.34 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 4.4. הִמֹּלוּ לַיהֹוָה וְהָסִרוּ עָרְלוֹת לְבַבְכֶם אִישׁ יְהוּדָה וְיֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלִָם פֶּן־תֵּצֵא כָאֵשׁ חֲמָתִי וּבָעֲרָה וְאֵין מְכַבֶּה מִפְּנֵי רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם׃ 31.32. לֹא כַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר כָּרַתִּי אֶת־אֲבוֹתָם בְּיוֹם הֶחֱזִיקִי בְיָדָם לְהוֹצִיאָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם אֲשֶׁר־הֵמָּה הֵפֵרוּ אֶת־בְּרִיתִי וְאָנֹכִי בָּעַלְתִּי בָם נְאֻם־יְהוָה׃ 31.33. כִּי זֹאת הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר אֶכְרֹת אֶת־בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֲרֵי הַיָּמִים הָהֵם נְאֻם־יְהוָה נָתַתִּי אֶת־תּוֹרָתִי בְּקִרְבָּם וְעַל־לִבָּם אֶכְתֲּבֶנָּה וְהָיִיתִי לָהֶם לֵאלֹהִים וְהֵמָּה יִהְיוּ־לִי לְעָם׃ 31.34. וְלֹא יְלַמְּדוּ עוֹד אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ וְאִישׁ אֶת־אָחִיו לֵאמֹר דְּעוּ אֶת־יְהוָה כִּי־כוּלָּם יֵדְעוּ אוֹתִי לְמִקְטַנָּם וְעַד־גְּדוֹלָם נְאֻם־יְהוָה כִּי אֶסְלַח לַעֲוֺנָם וּלְחַטָּאתָם לֹא אֶזְכָּר־עוֹד׃ | 4.4. Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and take away the foreskins of your heart, ye men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem; lest My fury go forth like fire, and burn that none can quench it, Because of the evil of your doings." 31.32. not according to the covet that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; forasmuch as they broke My covet, although I was a lord over them, saith the LORD." 31.33. But this is the covet that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the LORD, I will put My law in their inward parts, and in their heart will I write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people;" 31.34. and they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying: ‘Know the LORD’; for they shall all know Me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD; for I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin will I remember no more." |
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12. Hebrew Bible, Joshua, 5.2-5.8 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 5.2. בָּעֵת הַהִיא אָמַר יְהוָה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ עֲשֵׂה לְךָ חַרְבוֹת צֻרִים וְשׁוּב מֹל אֶת־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל שֵׁנִית׃ 5.3. וַיַּעַשׂ־לוֹ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ חַרְבוֹת צֻרִים וַיָּמָל אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלוֹת׃ 5.4. וְזֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־מָל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כָּל־הָעָם הַיֹּצֵא מִמִּצְרַיִם הַזְּכָרִים כֹּל אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה מֵתוּ בַמִּדְבָּר בַּדֶּרֶךְ בְּצֵאתָם מִמִּצְרָיִם׃ 5.5. כִּי־מֻלִים הָיוּ כָּל־הָעָם הַיֹּצְאִים וְכָל־הָעָם הַיִּלֹּדִים בַּמִּדְבָּר בַּדֶּרֶךְ בְּצֵאתָם מִמִּצְרַיִם לֹא־מָלוּ׃ 5.6. כִּי אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה הָלְכוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּמִּדְבָּר עַד־תֹּם כָּל־הַגּוֹי אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה הַיֹּצְאִים מִמִּצְרַיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־שָׁמְעוּ בְּקוֹל יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע יְהוָה לָהֶם לְבִלְתִּי הַרְאוֹתָם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע יְהוָה לַאֲבוֹתָם לָתֶת לָנוּ אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ׃ 5.7. וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם הֵקִים תַּחְתָּם אֹתָם מָל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כִּי־עֲרֵלִים הָיוּ כִּי לֹא־מָלוּ אוֹתָם בַּדָּרֶךְ׃ 5.8. וַיְהִי כַּאֲשֶׁר־תַּמּוּ כָל־הַגּוֹי לְהִמּוֹל וַיֵּשְׁבוּ תַחְתָּם בַּמַּחֲנֶה עַד חֲיוֹתָם׃ | 5.2. At that time the LORD said unto Joshua: ‘Make thee knives of flint, and circumcise again the children of Israel the second time.’" 5.3. And Joshua made him knives of flint, and circumcised the children of Israel at Gibeath-ha-araloth." 5.4. And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise: all the people that came forth out of Egypt, that were males, even all the men of war, died in the wilderness by the way, after they came forth out of Egypt." 5.5. For all the people that came out were circumcised; but all the people that were born in the wilderness by the way as they came forth out of Egypt, had not been circumcised." 5.6. For the children of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness, till all the nation, even the men of war that came forth out of Egypt, were consumed, because they hearkened not unto the voice of the LORD; unto whom the LORD swore that He would not let them see the land which the LORD swore unto their fathers that He would give us, a land flowing with milk and honey." 5.7. And He raised up their children in their stead; them did Joshua circumcise; for they were uncircumcised, because they had not been circumcised by the way." 5.8. And it came to pass, when all the nation were circumcised, every one of them, that they abode in their places in the camp, till they were whole." |
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13. Crates, Letters, 15 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
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14. Anon., Jubilees, 15.25-15.26, 22.16-22.17 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 15.25. And on the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and all the men of his house, (and those born in the house), and all those, whom he had bought with money from the children of the stranger, were circumcised with him. 15.26. This law is for all the generations for ever 22.16. May nations serve thee, And all the nations bow themselves before thy seed. 22.17. Be strong in the presence of men, And exercise authority over all the seed of Seth. Then thy ways and the ways of thy sons will be justified, So that they shall become a holy nation. |
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15. Dead Sea Scrolls, Damascus Covenant, 16.1-16.3 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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16. Dead Sea Scrolls, (Cairo Damascus Covenant) Cd-A, 16.1-16.3 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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17. Dead Sea Scrolls, Community Rule, 6.10-6.14, 9.14, 11.8-11.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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18. Dead Sea Scrolls, Hodayot, 3.22 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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19. Dead Sea Scrolls, Hodayot, 3.22 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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20. Hebrew Bible, Daniel, 7 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
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21. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, 1.60-1.61, 2.46 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 1.60. According to the decree, they put to death the women who had their children circumcised 1.61. and their families and those who circumcised them; and they hung the infants from their mothers necks. 2.46. they forcibly circumcised all the uncircumcised boys that they found within the borders of Israel. |
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22. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 6.10 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 6.10. For example, two women were brought in for having circumcised their children. These women they publicly paraded about the city, with their babies hung at their breasts, then hurled them down headlong from the wall.' |
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23. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 11.23, 12.1-12.2, 12.9-12.10 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 11.23. But thou art merciful to all, for thou canst do all things,and thou dost overlook mens sins, that they may repent. 12.1. For thy immortal spirit is in all things. 12.2. Therefore thou dost correct little by little those who trespass,and dost remind and warn them of the things wherein they sin,that they may be freed from wickedness and put their trust in thee, O Lord. 12.9. though thou wast not unable to give the ungodly into the hands of the righteous in battle,or to destroy them at one blow by dread wild beasts or thy stern word. 12.10. But judging them little by little thou gavest them a chance to repent,though thou wast not unaware that their origin was evil and their wickedness inborn,and that their way of thinking would never change. |
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24. Septuagint, 4 Maccabees, 4.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 4.11. Then Apollonius fell down half dead in the temple area that was open to all, stretched out his hands toward heaven, and with tears besought the Hebrews to pray for him and propitiate the wrath of the heavenly army. |
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25. Septuagint, 3 Maccabees, 3.3-3.4 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 3.3. The Jews, however, continued to maintain good will and unswerving loyalty toward the dynasty; 3.3. The letter was written in the above form. 3.4. but because they worshiped God and conducted themselves by his law, they kept their separateness with respect to foods. For this reason they appeared hateful to some; |
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26. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 40.3.3-40.3.4 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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27. Vergil, Aeneis, 6.851-6.853 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 6.851. Eridanus, through forests rolling free. 6.852. Here dwell the brave who for their native land 6.853. Fell wounded on the field; here holy priests |
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28. Clement of Rome, 1 Clement, 55.1, 59.3-59.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 55.1. Ἵνα δὲ καὶ ὑποδείγματα ἐθνῶν ἐνέγκωμεν. πολλοὶ βασιλεῖς καὶ ἡγούμενοι, λοιμικοῦ τινος ἐνστάντος καιροῦ, χρησμοδοτηθέντες παρέδωκαν ἑαυτοὺς εἰς θάνατον, ἵνα ῥύσωνται διὰ τοῦ ἑαυτῶν αἵματος τοὺς πολίτας: πολλοὶ ἐξεχώρησαν ἰδίων πόλεων, ἵνα μὴ στασιάζωσιν ἐπὶ πλεῖον. 59.3. ... ἐλπίζειν There appears to be a lucuna in the Greek : Lightfoot supplies *do\s h\mi=n, ku/rie. ἐπὶ τὸ ἀρχεγόνον πάσης κτίσεως ὄνομά σου, Eph 1, 18 ἀνοίξας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τῆς καρδίας ἡμῶν εἰς τὸ Is. 57, 15 γινώσκειν σε τὸν μόνον ὕψιστον ἐν ὑψίστοις, Is. 13, 11 Ps. 32, 10 ἅγιον ἐν ἀγίοις ἀναπαυόμενον. τὸν ταπεινοῦντα ὕβριν ὑπερηφάνων, τὸν διαλύοντα λογισμοὺς Job 5, 11 ἐθνῶν, τὸν ποιοῦντα ταπεινοὺς εἰς ὕψος καὶ τοὺς I Sam, 2, 7; cf. Luke 1, 53 ὑψηλοὺς ταπεινοῦντα, τὸν πλουτίζοντα καὶ πτωχίζοντα, τὸν ἀποκτείνοντα καὶ ζῆν ποιοῦντα, kai\ sw/zonta appears to be inserted before kai\ zh=n by SL, but is omitted by CK. Deut. 32, 39; cf. I Sam. 2,6; 11 Kings 5, 7 μόνον εὑρέτην eu)erge/thn ( "benefactor" ) C, "creator" K; the text is doubiful but eu(re/thn (LS) seems more likely to be implied by K than eu)erge/thn, and is therefore slightly more probable. πνευμάτων καὶ θεὸν πάσης σαρκός: τὸν ἐπιβλέποντα ἐν τοῖς ἀβύσσοις, τὸν ἐπόπτην Num. 16, 22; 27, 16 ἀνθρωπίνων ἔργων, τὸν τῶν κινδυνευόντων Dan, 3, 31 (*wulg. 3, 55); cf. Sirach 16, 18. 19 Judith 9, 11 βοηθόν, τὸν τῶν ἀπηλπισμένων σωτῆρα, τὸν παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστην καὶ ἐπίσκοπον: τὸν πληθύνοντα ἔθνη ἐπὶ γῆς καὶ ἐκ πάντων ἐκλεξάμενον τοὺς ἀγαπῶντάς σε διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ ἠγαπημένου παιδός σου, δἰ οὗ ἡμᾶς ἐπαίδευσας, Ps. 118, 114; cf, Judith 9, 11 ἡγίασας, ἐτίμησας: 59.4. ἀξιοῦμέν σε, δέσποτα, βοηθὸν γενέσθαι καὶ ἀντιλήπτορα ἡμῶν. τοὺς ἐν θλίψει ἡμῶν σῶσον, τοὺς ταπεινοὺς ἐλέησον, τοὺς πεπτωκότας ἔγειρον, τοῖς δεομένοις ἐπιφάνηθι, τοὺς ἀσθενεῖς ἴασαι, τοὺς πλανωμένους τοῦ λαοῦ σου ἐπίστρεψον: χόρτασον τοὺς πεινῶντας, λύτρωσαι τοὺς δεσμίους ἡμῶν, ἐξανάστησον τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας, παρακάλεσον τοὺς ὀλιγοψυχοῦντας: I Kings 3, 60; II Kings 19, 19; Ezek. 86, 23 Ps. 78, 13; 94, 7; 99, 8 γνώτωσάν σε ἅπαντα τὰ ἔθνη. ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ θεὸς μόνος καὶ Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ὁ παῖς σου καὶ ἡμεῖς λαός σου καὶ πρόβατα τῆς νομῆς σου. | |
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29. Dio Chrysostom, Orations, 48.5, 48.7 (1st cent. CE
| 48.5. Then what you do not tolerate from the lips of others will you yourselves say against yourselves? If ever a quarrel arises and your adversaries taunt you with having wicked citizens, with dissension, are you not put to shame? As for myself, I swear to you by all the gods, I was indeed violently angry when a certain person said to me, "Bring reconciliation to the city," and I was vexed with him. For may I never see the day when you need reconciliation, but, as the saying goes, may such things be diverted to the heads of our enemies, that is, to the accursed Getae, but not to any others, members of our own race. 48.7. Yes, it is a fine thing, just as it is with a well-trained chorus, for men to sing together one and the same tune, and not, like a bad musical instrument, to be discordant, emitting two kinds of notes and sounds as a result of twofold and varied natures, for in such discord, I venture to say, there is found not only contempt and misfortune but also utter impotence both among themselves and in their dealings with the proconsuls. For no one can readily hear what is being said either when choruses are discordant or when cities are at variance. Again, just as it is not possible, I fancy, for persons sailing in one ship each to obtain safety separately, but rather all together, so it is also with men who are members of one state. |
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30. Epictetus, Discourses, 3.22.10, 3.22.13, 3.22.20, 4.4.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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31. Ignatius, To The Ephesians, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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32. Josephus Flavius, Against Apion, 2.137 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 2.137. 14. As to the other things which he sets down as blameworthy, it may perhaps be the best way to let them pass without apology, that he may be allowed to be his own accuser, and the accuser of the rest of the Egyptians. However, he accuses us for sacrificing animals, and for abstaining from swine’s flesh, and laughs at us for the circumcision of our privy members. |
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33. Juvenal, Satires, 14.98-14.106 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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34. New Testament, 1 Peter, 2.4-2.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 2.4. coming to him, a living stone, rejected indeed by men, but chosen by God, precious. 2.5. You also, as living stones, are built up as a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. 2.6. Because it is contained in Scripture, "Behold, I lay in Zion a chief cornerstone, elect, precious: He who believes in him will not be put to shame. 2.7. For you therefore who believe is the honor, but for such as are disobedient, "The stone which the builders rejected, Has become the chief cornerstone 2.8. and, "A stone of stumbling, and a rock of offense."For they stumble at the word, being disobedient, whereunto also they were appointed. 2.9. But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for God's own possession, that you may show forth the excellencies of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light: 2.10. who in time past were no people, but now are God's people, who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy. |
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35. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 1.2, 1.10, 2.7-2.8, 3.9-3.17, 4.1-4.2, 4.16, 5.7, 5.9-5.11, 6.19, 7.18-7.19, 8.5-8.6, 9.17, 10.14-10.22, 10.32, 12.2, 15.3, 15.8-15.10, 15.44, 15.47, 15.53-15.54, 16.15 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.2. to the assembly of God whichis at Corinth; those who are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to besaints, with all who call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ in everyplace, both theirs and ours: 1.10. Now Ibeg you, brothers, through the name of our Lord, Jesus Christ, that youall speak the same thing and that there be no divisions among you, butthat you be perfected together in the same mind and in the samejudgment. 2.7. But we speak God's wisdom in amystery, the wisdom that has been hidden, which God foreordained beforethe worlds to our glory 2.8. which none of the rulers of this worldhas known. For had they known it, they wouldn't have crucified the Lordof glory. 3.9. For we are God's fellow workers. Youare God's farming, God's building. 3.10. According to the grace of Godwhich was given to me, as a wise master builder I laid a foundation,and another builds on it. But let each man be careful how he builds onit. 3.11. For no one can lay any other foundation than that which hasbeen laid, which is Jesus Christ. 3.12. But if anyone builds on thefoundation with gold, silver, costly stones, wood, hay, or stubble; 3.13. each man's work will be revealed. For the Day will declare it,because it is revealed in fire; and the fire itself will test what sortof work each man's work is. 3.14. If any man's work remains which hebuilt on it, he will receive a reward. 3.15. If any man's work isburned, he will suffer loss, but he himself will be saved, but asthrough fire. 3.16. Don't you know that you are a temple of God, and that God'sSpirit lives in you? 3.17. If anyone destroys the temple of God, Godwill destroy him; for God's temple is holy, which you are. 4.1. So let a man think of us as Christ's servants, and stewards ofGod's mysteries. 4.2. Here, moreover, it is required of stewards, thatthey be found faithful. 4.16. I beg you therefore, be imitators of me. 5.7. Purge out the old yeast, that you may bea new lump, even as you are unleavened. For indeed Christ, ourPassover, has been sacrificed in our place. 5.9. I wrote to you in my letter to have no company with sexual sinners; 5.10. yet not at all meaning with the sexual sinners of this world, orwith the covetous and extortioners, or with idolaters; for then youwould have to leave the world. 5.11. But as it is, I wrote to you notto associate with anyone who is called a brother who is a sexualsinner, or covetous, or an idolater, or a slanderer, or a drunkard, oran extortioner. Don't even eat with such a person. 6.19. Or don't you know that your body is a temple ofthe Holy Spirit which is in you, which you have from God? You are notyour own 7.18. Was anyone called having been circumcised? Let him not becomeuncircumcised. Has anyone been called in uncircumcision? Let him not becircumcised. 7.19. Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision isnothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God. 8.5. For though there are things that are called "gods,"whether in the heavens or on earth; as there are many "gods" and many"lords; 8.6. yet to us there is one God, the Father, of whom are allthings, and we for him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom areall things, and we live through him. 9.17. For if I do this of my own will, Ihave a reward. But if not of my own will, I have a stewardshipentrusted to me. 10.14. Therefore, my beloved, flee fromidolatry. 10.15. I speak as to wise men. Judge what I say. 10.16. Thecup of blessing which we bless, isn't it a communion of the blood ofChrist? The bread which we break, isn't it a communion of the body ofChrist? 10.17. Because we, who are many, are one bread, one body; forwe all partake of the one bread. 10.18. Consider Israel after theflesh. Don't those who eat the sacrifices have communion with the altar? 10.19. What am I saying then? That a thing sacrificed to idols isanything, or that an idol is anything? 10.20. But I say that thethings which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons, and notto God, and I don't desire that you would have communion with demons. 10.21. You can't both drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons.You can't both partake of the table of the Lord, and of the table ofdemons. 10.22. Or do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? Are we strongerthan he? 10.32. Give no occasions for stumbling, either to Jews, or to Greeks,or to the assembly of God; 12.2. You know that when you were heathen, you were ledaway to those mute idols, however you might be led. 15.3. For I delivered to youfirst of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sinsaccording to the Scriptures 15.8. and last of all, as to the child born at the wrongtime, he appeared to me also. 15.9. For I am the least of theapostles, who is not worthy to be called an apostle, because Ipersecuted the assembly of God. 15.10. But by the grace of God I amwhat I am. His grace which was bestowed on me was not futile, but Iworked more than all of them; yet not I, but the grace of God which waswith me. 15.44. It is sown a natural body; it is raised aspiritual body. There is a natural body and there is also a spiritualbody. 15.47. The first man is of the earth, made ofdust. The second man is the Lord from heaven. 15.53. For thiscorruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put onimmortality. 15.54. But when this corruptible will have put onincorruption, and this mortal will have put on immortality, then whatis written will happen: "Death is swallowed up in victory. 16.15. Now I beg you, brothers (you know the house of Stephanas,that it is the first fruits of Achaia, and that they have setthemselves to minister to the saints) |
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36. New Testament, 1 Thessalonians, 1.3, 1.9, 2.14-2.16, 2.19-2.20, 3.1-3.3, 5.4-5.8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.3. remembering without ceasing your work of faith and labor of love and patience of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ, before our God and Father. 1.9. For they themselves report concerning us what kind of a reception we had from you; and how you turned to God from idols, to serve a living and true God 2.14. For you, brothers, became imitators of the assemblies of God which are in Judea in Christ Jesus; for you also suffered the same things from your own countrymen, even as they did from the Jews; 2.15. who killed both the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and drove us out, and didn't please God, and are contrary to all men; 2.16. forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles that they may be saved; to fill up their sins always. But wrath has come on them to the uttermost. 2.19. For what is our hope, or joy, or crown of rejoicing? Isn't it even you, before our Lord Jesus at his coming? 2.20. For you are our glory and our joy. 3.1. Therefore, when we couldn't stand it any longer, we thought it good to be left behind at Athens alone 3.2. and sent Timothy, our brother and God's servant in the gospel of Christ, to establish you, and to comfort you concerning your faith; 3.3. that no one be moved by these afflictions. For you know that we are appointed to this task. 5.4. But you, brothers, aren't in darkness, that the day should overtake you like a thief. 5.5. You are all sons of light, and sons of the day. We don't belong to the night, nor to darkness 5.6. so then let's not sleep, as the rest do, but let's watch and be sober. 5.7. For those who sleep, sleep in the night, and those who are drunken are drunken in the night. 5.8. But let us, since we belong to the day, be sober, putting on the breastplate of faith and love, and, for a helmet, the hope of salvation. |
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37. New Testament, 1 Timothy, 2.1-2.6, 3.15, 5.8, 6.3-6.5, 6.17 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 2.1. I exhort therefore, first of all, that petitions, prayers, intercessions, and givings of thanks, be made for all men: 2.2. for kings and all who are in high places; that we may lead a tranquil and quiet life in all godliness and reverence. 2.3. For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Savior; 2.4. who desires all people to be saved and come to full knowledge of the truth. 2.5. For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus 2.6. who gave himself as a ransom for all; the testimony in its own times; 3.15. but if I wait long, that you may know how men ought to behave themselves in the house of God, which is the assembly of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth. 5.8. But if anyone doesn't provide for his own, and especially his own household, he has denied the faith, and is worse than an unbeliever. 6.3. If anyone teaches a different doctrine, and doesn't consent to sound words, the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness 6.4. he is conceited, knowing nothing, but obsessed with arguments, disputes, and word battles, from which come envy, strife, reviling, evil suspicions 6.5. constant friction of men of corrupt minds and destitute of the truth, who suppose that godliness is a means of gain. Withdraw yourself from such. 6.17. Charge those who are rich in this present world that they not be haughty, nor have their hope set on the uncertainty of riches, but on the living God, who richly provides us with everything to enjoy; |
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38. New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 1.1, 2.8, 2.12-2.13, 4.4, 4.6, 5.1, 5.15-5.19, 6.5, 6.14, 6.16, 7.6-7.7, 8.2, 10.1, 11.22-11.23, 12.1, 12.7 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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39. New Testament, 2 Thessalonians, 1.1, 2.16 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.1. Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy, to the assembly of the Thessalonians in God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ: 2.16. Now our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God our Father, who loved us and gave us eternal comfort and good hope through grace |
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40. New Testament, 2 Timothy, 1.5, 3.15 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.5. having been reminded of the unfeigned faith that is in you; which lived first in your grandmother Lois, and your mother Eunice, and, I am persuaded, in you also. 3.15. From infancy, you have known the sacred writings which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith, which is in Christ Jesus. |
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41. New Testament, Acts, 6.14, 7.48, 7.55-7.56, 10.45, 11.2-11.3, 13.44-13.50, 14.1-14.7, 14.19-14.20, 15.1-15.5, 16.1-16.3, 17.18, 17.24, 17.31, 18.18-18.21, 18.23, 21.27-21.31 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 6.14. For we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place, and will change the customs which Moses delivered to us. 7.48. However, the Most High doesn't dwell in temples made with hands, as the prophet says 7.55. But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looked up steadfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God 7.56. and said, "Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of Man standing on the right hand of God! 10.45. They of the circumcision who believed were amazed, as many as came with Peter, because the gift of the Holy Spirit was also poured out on the Gentiles. 11.2. When Peter had come up to Jerusalem, those who were of the circumcision contended with him 11.3. saying, "You went in to uncircumcised men, and ate with them! 13.44. The next Sabbath almost the whole city was gathered together to hear the word of God. 13.45. But when the Jews saw the multitudes, they were filled with jealousy, and contradicted the things which were spoken by Paul, and blasphemed. 13.46. Paul and Barnabas spoke out boldly, and said, "It was necessary that God's word should be spoken to you first. Since indeed you thrust it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of eternal life, behold, we turn to the Gentiles. 13.47. For so has the Lord commanded us, saying, 'I have set you as a light of the Gentiles, That you should be for salvation to the uttermost parts of the earth.' 13.48. As the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified the word of God. As many as were appointed to eternal life believed. 13.49. The Lord's word was spread abroad throughout all the region. 13.50. But the Jews urged on the devout women of honorable estate, and the chief men of the city, and stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and threw them out of their borders. 14.1. It happened in Iconium that they entered together into the synagogue of the Jews, and so spoke that a great multitude both of Jews and of Greeks believed. 14.2. But the disobedient Jews stirred up and embittered the souls of the Gentiles against the brothers. 14.3. Therefore they stayed there a long time, speaking boldly in the Lord, who testified to the word of his grace, granting signs and wonders to be done by their hands. 14.4. But the multitude of the city was divided. Part sided with the Jews, and part with the apostles. 14.5. When some of both the Gentiles and the Jews, with their rulers, made a violent attempt to insult them and to stone them 14.6. they became aware of it, and fled to the cities of Lycaonia, Lystra, Derbe, and the surrounding region. 14.7. There they preached the gospel. 14.19. But some Jews from Antioch and Iconium came there, and having persuaded the multitudes, they stoned Paul, and dragged him out of the city, supposing that he was dead. 14.20. But as the disciples stood around him, he rose up, and entered into the city. On the next day he went out with Barnabas to Derbe. 15.1. Some men came down from Judea and taught the brothers, "Unless you are circumcised after the custom of Moses, you can't be saved. 15.2. Therefore when Paul and Barnabas had no small discord and discussion with them, they appointed Paul and Barnabas, and some others of them, to go up to Jerusalem to the apostles and elders about this question. 15.3. They, being sent on their way by the assembly, passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles. They caused great joy to all the brothers. 15.4. When they had come to Jerusalem, they were received by the assembly and the apostles and the elders, and they reported all things that God had done with them. 15.5. But some of the sect of the Pharisees who believed rose up, saying, "It is necessary to circumcise them, and to charge them to keep the law of Moses. 16.1. He came to Derbe and Lystra: and behold, a certain disciple was there, named Timothy, the son of a Jewess who believed; but his father was a Greek. 16.2. The brothers who were at Lystra and Iconium gave a good testimony about him. 16.3. Paul wanted to have him go out with him, and he took and circumcised him because of the Jews who were in those parts; for they all knew that his father was a Greek. 17.18. Some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers also encountered him. Some said, "What does this babbler want to say?"Others said, "He seems to be advocating foreign demons," because he preached Jesus and the resurrection. 17.24. The God who made the world and all things in it, he, being Lord of heaven and earth, dwells not in temples made with hands 17.31. because he has appointed a day in which he will judge the world in righteousness by the man whom he has ordained; whereof he has given assurance to all men, in that he has raised him from the dead. 18.18. Paul, having stayed after this yet many days, took his leave of the brothers, and sailed from there for Syria, with Priscilla and Aquila with him. He shaved his head in Cenchreae, for he had a vow. 18.19. He came to Ephesus, and he left them there; but he himself entered into the synagogue, and reasoned with the Jews. 18.20. When they asked him to stay with them a longer time, he declined; 18.21. but taking his leave of them, and saying, "I must by all means keep this coming feast in Jerusalem, but I will return again to you if God wills," he set sail from Ephesus. 18.23. Having spent some time there, he departed, and went through the region of Galatia, and Phrygia, in order, establishing all the disciples. 21.27. When the seven days were almost completed, the Jews from Asia, when they saw him in the temple, stirred up all the multitude and laid hands on him 21.28. crying out, "Men of Israel, help! This is the man who teaches all men everywhere against the people, and the law, and this place. Moreover, he also brought Greeks into the temple, and has defiled this holy place! 21.29. For they had seen Trophimus, the Ephesian, with him in the city, and they supposed that Paul had brought him into the temple. 21.30. All the city was moved, and the people ran together. They seized Paul and dragged him out of the temple. Immediately the doors were shut. 21.31. As they were trying to kill him, news came up to the commanding officer of the regiment that all Jerusalem was in an uproar. |
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42. New Testament, Apocalypse, 21.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 21.14. The wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve Apostles of the Lamb. |
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43. New Testament, James, 2.1, 2.13 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 2.1. My brothers, don't hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ of glory with partiality. 2.13. For judgment is without mercy to him who has shown no mercy. Mercy triumphs over judgment. |
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44. New Testament, Philemon, 9, 1 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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45. New Testament, Colossians, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.25, 2.11, 2.12, 3, 3.1, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.18-4.1, 4.11, 4.16 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.12. giving thanks to the Father, who made us fit to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light; |
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46. New Testament, Ephesians, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 2.17, 2.18, 2.19, 2.20, 2.21, 2.22, 2.25, 2.26, 2.27, 2.28, 2.29, 2.30, 2.31, 2.32, 2.33, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15, 3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17, 4.18, 4.19, 4.20, 4.21, 4.22, 4.23, 4.24, 4.25, 4.25-5.2, 4.29, 4.30, 4.32, 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19, 5.20, 5.21, 5.21-6.9, 5.22, 5.23, 5.24, 5.25, 5.26, 5.27, 5.28, 5.29, 5.30, 5.31, 5.32, 5.33, 6.1, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, 6.15, 6.16, 6.17, 6.18, 6.19, 6.20, 6.21, 6.22, 6.23, 6.24 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.1. Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, to the saints who are at Ephesus, and the faithful in Christ Jesus: |
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47. New Testament, Galatians, 1.3-1.4, 1.11-1.12, 1.15-1.16, 1.23, 2.2-2.3, 2.7-2.9, 2.12, 2.20, 3.3, 3.6-3.9, 3.13-3.19, 3.23-3.29, 4.4-4.7, 4.19, 4.21-4.31, 5.2-5.3, 5.6, 5.11, 5.13-5.18, 5.22-5.24, 6.10, 6.12-6.16 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.3. Grace to you and peace from God the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ 1.4. who gave himself for our sins, that he might deliver us out of this present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father -- 1.11. But Imake known to you, brothers, concerning the gospel which was preachedby me, that it is not according to man. 1.12. For neither did Ireceive it from man, nor was I taught it, but it came to me throughrevelation of Jesus Christ. 1.15. Butwhen it was the good pleasure of God, who separated me from my mother'swomb, and called me through his grace 1.16. to reveal his Son in me,that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I didn't immediately conferwith flesh and blood 1.23. but they only heard: "He who once persecuted us nowpreaches the faith that he once tried to destroy. 2.2. I went up byrevelation, and I laid before them the gospel which I preach among theGentiles, but privately before those who were respected, for fear thatI might be running, or had run, in vain. 2.3. But not even Titus, whowas with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised. 2.7. but to the contrary, when they saw that Ihad been entrusted with the gospel for the uncircumcision, even asPeter with the gospel for the circumcision 2.8. (for he who appointedPeter to the apostleship of the circumcision appointed me also to theGentiles); 2.9. and when they perceived the grace that was given tome, James and Cephas and John, they who were reputed to be pillars,gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should goto the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision. 2.12. For before some people came fromJames, he ate with the Gentiles. But when they came, he drew back andseparated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. 2.20. I have been crucified with Christ, andit is no longer I that live, but Christ living in me. That life which Inow live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me,and gave himself up for me. 3.3. Areyou so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now completed inthe flesh? 3.6. Even as Abraham "believed God, and it wascounted to him for righteousness. 3.7. Know therefore that those whoare of faith, the same are sons of Abraham. 3.8. The Scripture,foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached thegospel beforehand to Abraham, saying, "In you all the nations will beblessed. 3.9. So then, those who are of faith are blessed with thefaithful Abraham. 3.13. Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become acurse for us. For it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on atree 3.14. that the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentilesthrough Christ Jesus; that we might receive the promise of the Spiritthrough faith. 3.15. Brothers, I speak like men. Though it is only aman's covet, yet when it has been confirmed, no one makes it void,or adds to it. 3.16. Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and tohis seed. He doesn't say, "To seeds," as of many, but as of one, "Toyour seed," which is Christ. 3.17. Now I say this. A covetconfirmed beforehand by God in Christ, the law, which came four hundredand thirty years after, does not annul, so as to make the promise of noeffect. 3.18. For if the inheritance is of the law, it is no more ofpromise; but God has granted it to Abraham by promise. 3.19. What then is the law? It was added because of transgressions,until the seed should come to whom the promise has been made. It wasordained through angels by the hand of a mediator. 3.23. But before faith came, we were kept in custodyunder the law, shut up to the faith which should afterwards berevealed. 3.24. So that the law has become our tutor to bring us toChrist, that we might be justified by faith. 3.25. But now that faithis come, we are no longer under a tutor. 3.26. For you are all sons ofGod, through faith in Christ Jesus. 3.27. For as many of you as werebaptized into Christ have put on Christ. 3.28. There is neither Jewnor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither malenor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 3.29. If you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's seed and heirs according to promise. 4.4. But when the fullness of the time came,God sent out his Son, born to a woman, born under the law 4.5. thathe might redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive theadoption of sons. 4.6. And because you are sons, God sent out theSpirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, "Abba, Father! 4.7. Soyou are no longer a bondservant, but a son; and if a son, then an heirof God through Christ. 4.19. My little children, of whom I am again in travail untilChrist is formed in you-- 4.21. Tell me, you that desire to be under the law, don't you listen to thelaw? 4.22. For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by thehandmaid, and one by the free woman. 4.23. However, the son by thehandmaid was born according to the flesh, but the son by the free womanwas born through promise. 4.24. These things contain an allegory, forthese are two covets. One is from Mount Sinai, bearing children tobondage, which is Hagar. 4.25. For this Hagar is Mount Sinai inArabia, and answers to the Jerusalem that exists now, for she is inbondage with her children. 4.26. But the Jerusalem that is above isfree, which is the mother of us all. 4.27. For it is written,"Rejoice, you barren who don't bear. Break forth and shout, you that don't travail. For more are the children of the desolate than of her who has a husband. 4.28. Now we, brothers, as Isaac was, are children of promise. 4.29. But as then, he who was born according to the flesh persecutedhim who was born according to the Spirit, so also it is now. 4.30. However what does the Scripture say? "Throw out the handmaid and herson, for the son of the handmaid will not inherit with the son of thefree woman. 4.31. So then, brothers, we are not children of ahandmaid, but of the free woman. 5.2. Behold, I, Paul, tell you that if you receive circumcision, Christ willprofit you nothing. 5.3. Yes, I testify again to every man whoreceives circumcision, that he is a debtor to do the whole law. 5.6. For in Christ Jesusneither circumcision amounts to anything, nor uncircumcision, but faithworking through love. 5.11. But I, brothers, if I still preach circumcision, why am Istill persecuted? Then the stumbling-block of the cross has beenremoved. 5.13. For you, brothers, were called for freedom. Only don't useyour freedom for gain to the flesh, but through love be servants to oneanother. 5.14. For the whole law is fulfilled in one word, in this:"You shall love your neighbor as yourself. 5.15. But if you bite anddevour one another, be careful that you don't consume one another. 5.16. But I say, walk by the Spirit, and you won't fulfill the lust ofthe flesh. 5.17. For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and theSpirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one other, that youmay not do the things that you desire. 5.18. But if you are led by theSpirit, you are not under the law. 5.22. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience,kindness, goodness, faithfulness 5.23. gentleness, and self-control.Against such things there is no law. 5.24. Those who belong to Christhave crucified the flesh with its passions and lusts. 6.10. So then, as we have opportunity, let's do whatis good toward all men, and especially toward those who are of thehousehold of the faith. 6.12. As many as desire to look good in the flesh, they compel you tobe circumcised; only that they may not be persecuted for the cross ofChrist. 6.13. For even they who receive circumcision don't keep thelaw themselves, but they desire to have you circumcised, that they mayboast in your flesh. 6.14. But far be it from me to boast, except inthe cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has beencrucified to me, and I to the world. 6.15. For in Christ Jesus neitheris circumcision anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creation. 6.16. As many as walk by this rule, peace and mercy be on them, and onGod's Israel. |
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48. New Testament, Hebrews, 2.10, 2.14-2.16, 4.9, 7.11-7.12, 8.1-8.6, 8.10-8.12, 9.1-9.15, 9.23-9.24, 10.9, 10.16-10.18, 11.1-11.40, 13.2-13.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 2.10. For it became him, for whom are all things, and through whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to make the author of their salvation perfect through sufferings. 2.14. Since then the children have shared in flesh and blood, he also himself in like manner partook of the same, that through death he might bring to nothing him who had the power of death, that is, the devil 2.15. and might deliver all of them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage. 2.16. For most assuredly, not to angels does he give help, but he gives help to the seed of Abraham. 4.9. There remains therefore a Sabbath rest for the people of God. 7.11. Now if there was perfection through the Levitical priesthood (for under it the people have received the law), what further need was there for another priest to arise after the order of Melchizedek, and not be called after the order of Aaron? 7.12. For the priesthood being changed, there is of necessity a change made also in the law. 8.1. Now in the things which we are saying, the main point is this. We have such a high priest, who sat down on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens 8.2. a minister of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, not man. 8.3. For every high priest is appointed to offer both gifts and sacrifices. Therefore it is necessary that this high priest also have something to offer. 8.4. For if he were on earth, he would not be a priest at all, seeing there are priests who offer the gifts according to the law; 8.5. who serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things, even as Moses was warned by God when he was about to make the tabernacle, for he said, "See, you shall make everything according to the pattern that was shown to you on the mountain. 8.6. But now he has obtained a more excellent ministry, by so much as he is also the mediator of a better covet, which has been enacted on better promises. 8.10. For this is the covet that I will make with the house of Israel . After those days," says the Lord; "I will put my laws into their mind, I will also write them on their heart. I will be to them a God, And they will be to me a people. 8.11. They will not teach every man his fellow citizen, Every man his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord,' For all will know me, From the least of them to the greatest of them. 8.12. For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness. I will remember their sins and lawless deeds no more. 9.1. Now indeed even the first covet had ordices of divine service, and an earthly sanctuary. 9.2. For there was a tabernacle prepared. In the first part were the lampstand, the table, and the show bread; which is called the Holy Place. 9.3. After the second veil was the tabernacle which is called the Holy of Holies 9.4. having a golden altar of incense, and the ark of the covet overlaid on all sides with gold, in which was a golden pot holding the manna, Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covet; 9.5. and above it cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat, of which things we can't now speak in detail. 9.6. Now these things having been thus prepared, the priests go in continually into the first tabernacle, accomplishing the services 9.7. but into the second the high priest alone, once in the year, not without blood, which he offers for himself, and for the errors of the people. 9.8. The Holy Spirit is indicating this, that the way into the Holy Place wasn't yet revealed while the first tabernacle was still standing; 9.9. which is a symbol of the present age, where gifts and sacrifices are offered that are incapable, concerning the conscience, of making the worshipper perfect; 9.10. being only (with meats and drinks and various washings) fleshly ordices, imposed until a time of reformation. 9.11. But Christ having come as a high priest of the coming good things, through the greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this creation 9.12. nor yet through the blood of goats and calves, but through his own blood, entered in once for all into the Holy Place, having obtained eternal redemption. 9.13. For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling those who have been defiled, sanctify to the cleanness of the flesh: 9.14. how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? 9.15. For this reason he is the mediator of a new covet, since a death has occurred for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first covet, that those who have been called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. 9.23. It was necessary therefore that the copies of the things in the heavens should be cleansed with these; but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. 9.24. For Christ hasn't entered into holy places made with hands, which are representations of the true, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us; 10.9. then he has said, "Behold, I have come to do your will." He takes away the first, that he may establish the second 10.16. This is the covet that I will make with them: 'After those days,' says the Lord, 'I will put my laws on their heart, I will also write them on their mind;'"then he says 10.17. I will remember their sins and their iniquities no more. 10.18. Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin. 11.1. Now faith is assurance of things hoped for, proof of things not seen. 11.2. For by this, the elders obtained testimony. 11.3. By faith, we understand that the universe has been framed by the word of God, so that what is seen has not been made out of things which are visible. 11.4. By faith, Abel offered to God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, through which he had testimony given to him that he was righteous, God bearing witness with respect to his gifts; and through it he, being dead, still speaks. 11.5. By faith, Enoch was taken away, so that he wouldn't see death, and he was not found, because God translated him. For he has had testimony given to him that before his translation he had been well pleasing to God. 11.6. Without faith it is impossible to be well pleasing to him, for he who comes to God must believe that he exists, and that he is a rewarder of those who seek him. 11.7. By faith, Noah, being warned about things not yet seen, moved with godly fear, prepared an ark for the saving of his house, through which he condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness which is according to faith. 11.8. By faith, Abraham, when he was called, obeyed to go out to the place which he was to receive for an inheritance. He went out, not knowing where he went. 11.9. By faith, he lived as an alien in the land of promise, as in a land not his own, dwelling in tents, with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise. 11.10. For he looked for the city which has the foundations, whose builder and maker is God. 11.11. By faith, even Sarah herself received power to conceive, and she bore a child when she was past age, since she counted him faithful who had promised. 11.12. Therefore as many as the stars of the sky in multitude, and as innumerable as the sand which is by the sea shore, were fathered by one man, and him as good as dead. 11.13. These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them and embraced them from afar, and having confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth. 11.14. For those who say such things make it clear that they are seeking after a country of their own. 11.15. If indeed they had been thinking of that country from which they went out, they would have had enough time to return. 11.16. But now they desire a better country, that is, a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed of them, to be called their God, for he has prepared a city for them. 11.17. By faith, Abraham, being tested, offered up Isaac. Yes, he who had gladly received the promises was offering up his one and only son; 11.18. even he to whom it was said, "In Isaac will your seed be called; 11.19. accounting that God is able to raise up even from the dead. Figuratively speaking, he also did receive him back from the dead. 11.20. By faith, Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau, even concerning things to come. 11.21. By faith, Jacob, when he was dying, blessed each of the sons of Joseph, and worshiped, leaning on the top of his staff. 11.22. By faith, Joseph, when his end was near, made mention of the departure of the children of Israel; and gave instructions concerning his bones. 11.23. By faith, Moses, when he was born, was hidden for three months by his parents, because they saw that he was a beautiful child, and they were not afraid of the king's commandment. 11.24. By faith, Moses, when he had grown up, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter 11.25. choosing rather to share ill treatment with God's people, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a time; 11.26. accounting the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures of Egypt ; for he looked to the reward. 11.27. By faith, he left Egypt, not fearing the wrath of the king; for he endured, as seeing him who is invisible. 11.28. By faith, he kept the Passover, and the sprinkling of the blood, that the destroyer of the firstborn should not touch them. 11.29. By faith, they passed through the Red sea as on dry land. When the Egyptians tried to do so, they were swallowed up. 11.30. By faith, the walls of Jericho fell down, after they had been encircled for seven days. 11.31. By faith, Rahab the prostitute, didn't perish with those who were disobedient, having received the spies in peace. 11.32. What more shall I say? For the time would fail me if I told of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel, and the prophets; 11.33. who, through faith subdued kingdoms, worked out righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions 11.34. quenched the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, from weakness were made strong, grew mighty in war, and turned to flight armies of aliens. 11.35. Women received their dead by resurrection. Others were tortured, not accepting their deliverance, that they might obtain a better resurrection. 11.36. Others were tried by mocking and scourging, yes, moreover by bonds and imprisonment. 11.37. They were stoned. They were sawn apart. They were tempted. They were slain with the sword. They went around in sheepskins, in goatskins; being destitute, afflicted, ill-treated 11.38. (of whom the world was not worthy), wandering in deserts, mountains, caves, and the holes of the earth. 11.39. These all, having had testimony given to them through their faith, didn't receive the promise 11.40. God having provided some better thing concerning us, so that apart from us they should not be made perfect. 13.2. Don't forget to show hospitality to strangers, for in doing so, some have entertained angels without knowing it. 13.3. Remember those who are in bonds, as bound with them; and those who are ill-treated, since you are also in the body. 13.4. Let marriage be held in honor among all, and let the bed be undefiled: but God will judge the sexually immoral and adulterers. 13.5. Be free from the love of money, content with such things as you have, for he has said, "I will in no way leave you, neither will I in any way forsake you. 13.6. So that with good courage we say, "The Lord is my helper. I will not fear. What can man do to me? 13.7. Remember your leaders, men who spoke to you the word of God, and considering the results of their conduct, imitate their faith. 13.8. Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever. 13.9. Don't be carried away by various and strange teachings, for it is good that the heart be established by grace, not by food, through which those who were so occupied were not benefited. 13.10. We have an altar from which those who serve the holy tabernacle have no right to eat. 13.11. For the bodies of those animals, whose blood is brought into the holy place by the high priest as an offering for sin, are burned outside of the camp. 13.12. Therefore Jesus also, that he might sanctify the people through his own blood, suffered outside of the gate. 13.13. Let us therefore go forth to him outside of the camp, bearing his reproach. 13.14. For we don't have here an enduring city, but we seek that which is to come. |
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49. New Testament, Philippians, 1.1-1.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.20-3.21 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.1. Paul and Timothy, servants of Jesus Christ; To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the overseers and deacons: 1.2. Grace to you, and peace from God, our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ. 3.3. For we are the circumcision, who worship God in the Spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh; 3.5. circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; concerning the law, a Pharisee; 3.20. For our citizenship is in heaven, from where we also wait for a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ; 3.21. who will change the body of our humiliation to be conformed to the body of his glory, according to the working by which he is able even to subject all things to himself. |
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50. New Testament, Romans, 1, 1.5, 1.7, 2, 2.4, 2.25, 2.26, 2.27, 2.28, 2.29, 3.1, 3.2, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.21, 3.22, 3.23, 3.24, 3.25, 3.27, 3.28, 3.29, 3.30, 3.31, 4.1, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.25, 5.8, 5.10, 5.11, 6.17, 6.18, 6.19, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.18, 8.3, 8.4, 8.14, 8.15, 8.16, 8.17, 8.23, 8.35, 8.36, 8.37, 8.38, 8.39, 9, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.8, 9.16, 9.23, 9.24, 10, 10.4, 11, 11.1, 11.2, 11.5, 11.6, 11.11, 11.12, 11.13, 11.14, 11.15, 11.16, 11.17, 11.18, 11.19, 11.20, 11.21, 11.22, 11.23, 11.24, 11.25, 11.26, 11.27, 11.28, 11.29, 11.30, 11.31, 11.32, 11.33, 11.34, 11.35, 11.36, 12, 12.1, 13, 13.12, 13.14, 14, 14.1-15.13, 15, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8, 15.9, 15.10, 15.16, 15.30, 16.17 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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51. New Testament, Titus, 1.10-1.16, 2.1-2.12, 2.14, 3.3-3.7 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.10. For there are also many unruly men, vain talkers and deceivers, especially those of the circumcision 1.11. whose mouths must be stopped; men who overthrow whole houses, teaching things which they ought not, for dishonest gain's sake. 1.12. One of them, a prophet of their own, said, "Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, and idle gluttons. 1.13. This testimony is true. For this cause, reprove them sharply, that they may be sound in the faith 1.14. not paying attention to Jewish fables and commandments of men who turn away from the truth. 1.15. To the pure, all things are pure; but to those who are defiled and unbelieving, nothing is pure; but both their mind and their conscience are defiled. 1.16. They profess that they know God, but by their works they deny him, being abominable, disobedient, and unfit for any good work. 2.1. But say the things which fit sound doctrine 2.2. that older men should be temperate, sensible, sober-minded, sound in faith, in love, and in patience: 2.3. and that older women likewise be reverent in behavior, not slanderers nor enslaved to much wine, teachers of that which is good; 2.4. that they may train the young women to love their husbands, to love their children 2.5. to be sober-minded, chaste, workers at home, kind, being in subjection to their own husbands, that God's word may not be blasphemed. 2.6. Likewise, exhort the younger men to be sober-minded; 2.7. in all things showing yourself an example of good works; in your teaching showing integrity, seriousness, incorruptibility 2.8. and soundness of speech that can't be condemned; that he who opposes you may be ashamed, having no evil thing to say about us. 2.9. Exhort servants to be in subjection to their own masters, and to be well-pleasing in all things; not contradicting; 2.10. not stealing, but showing all good fidelity; that they may adorn the doctrine of God, our Savior, in all things. 2.11. For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all men 2.12. instructing us to the intent that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we would live soberly, righteously, and godly in this present world; 2.14. who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify for himself a people for his own possession, zealous for good works. 3.3. For we were also once foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another. 3.4. But when the kindness of God our Savior and his love toward mankind appeared 3.5. not by works of righteousness, which we did ourselves, but according to his mercy, he saved us, through the washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy Spirit 3.6. which he poured out on us richly, through Jesus Christ our Savior; 3.7. that, being justified by his grace, we might be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. |
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52. New Testament, John, 1.26, 2.21, 19.36 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.26. John answered them, "I baptize in water, but among you stands one whom you don't know. 2.21. But he spoke of the temple of his body. 19.36. For these things happened, that the Scripture might be fulfilled, "A bone of him will not be broken. |
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53. New Testament, Luke, 1.68, 1.72-1.75 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.68. Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, For he has visited and worked redemption for his people; 1.72. To show mercy towards our fathers, To remember his holy covet 1.73. The oath which he spoke to Abraham, our father 1.74. To grant to us that we, being delivered out of the hand of our enemies, should serve him without fear 1.75. In holiness and righteousness before him all the days of our life. |
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54. New Testament, Mark, 2.7, 14.58, 15.29, 15.38 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 2.7. Why does this man speak blasphemies like that? Who can forgive sins but God alone? 14.58. We heard him say, 'I will destroy this temple that is made with hands, and in three days I will build another made without hands.' 15.29. Those who passed by blasphemed him, wagging their heads, and saying, "Ha! You who destroy the temple, and build it in three days 15.38. The veil of the temple was torn in two from the top to the bottom. |
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55. New Testament, Matthew, 1.21, 5.46-5.47, 7.7, 18.17, 24.9, 26.61, 27.40-27.43, 27.45-27.46, 27.49-27.51 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.21. She shall bring forth a son. You shall call his name Jesus, for it is he who shall save his people from their sins. 5.46. For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Don't even the tax collectors do the same? 5.47. If you only greet your friends, what more do you do than others? Don't even the tax collectors do the same? 7.7. Ask, and it will be given you. Seek, and you will find. Knock, and it will be opened for you. 18.17. If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the assembly. If he refuses to hear the assembly also, let him be to you as a Gentile or a tax collector. 24.9. Then they will deliver you up to oppression, and will kill you. You will be hated by all of the nations for my name's sake. 26.61. and said, "This man said, 'I am able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it in three days.' 27.40. and saying, "You who destroy the temple, and build it in three days, save yourself! If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross! 27.41. Likewise the chief priests also mocking, with the scribes, the Pharisees, and the elders, said 27.42. He saved others, but he can't save himself. If he is the King of Israel, let him come down from the cross now, and we will believe in him. 27.43. He trusts in God. Let God deliver him now, if he wants him; for he said, 'I am the Son of God.' 27.45. Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour. 27.46. About the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?" That is, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? 27.49. The rest said, "Let him be. Let's see whether Elijah comes to save him. 27.50. Jesus cried again with a loud voice, and yielded up his spirit. 27.51. Behold, the veil of the temple was torn in two from the top to the bottom. The earth quaked and the rocks were split. |
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56. Tacitus, Histories, 5.5.1-5.5.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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57. Tosefta, Avodah Zarah, 3.12 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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58. Tosefta, Shabbat, 15.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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59. Hermas, Mandates, 4.1-4.2, 11.4 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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60. Irenaeus, Refutation of All Heresies, 2.1.1, 3.3.4, 4.8.1, 4.33.2 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
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61. Justin, First Apology, 26.5, 53.2-53.3, 53.5 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 26. And, thirdly, because after Christ's ascension into heaven the devils put forward certain men who said that they themselves were gods; and they were not only not persecuted by you, but even deemed worthy of honours. There was a Samaritan, Simon, a native of the village called Gitto, who in the reign of Claudius C sar, and in your royal city of Rome, did mighty acts of magic, by virtue of the art of the devils operating in him. He was considered a god, and as a god was honoured by you with a statue, which statue was erected on the river Tiber, between the two bridges, and bore this inscription, in the language of Rome: - Simoni Deo Sancto, To Simon the holy God. And almost all the Samaritans, and a few even of other nations, worship him, and acknowledge him as the first god; and a woman, Helena, who went about with him at that time, and had formerly been a prostitute, they say is the first idea generated by him. And a man, Meder, also a Samaritan, of the town Capparet a, a disciple of Simon, and inspired by devils, we know to have deceived many while he was in Antioch by his magical art. He persuaded those who adhered to him that they should never die, and even now there are some living who hold this opinion of his. And there is Marcion, a man of Pontus, who is even at this day alive, and teaching his disciples to believe in some other god greater than the Creator. And he, by the aid of the devils, has caused many of every nation to speak blasphemies, and to deny that God is the maker of this universe, and to assert that some other being, greater than He, has done greater works. All who take their opinions from these men, are, as we before said, called Christians; just as also those who do not agree with the philosophers in their doctrines, have yet in common with them the name of philosophers given to them. And whether they perpetrate those fabulous and shameful deeds - the upsetting of the lamp, and promiscuous intercourse, and eating human flesh - we know not; but we do know that they are neither persecuted nor put to death by you, at least on account of their opinions. But I have a treatise against all the heresies that have existed already composed, which, if you wish to read it, I will give you. |
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62. Justin, Dialogue With Trypho, 16.2, 17.1 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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63. Tertullian, Against Marcion, 1.11.1, 1.15, 2.14.1, 2.29.3, 4.1.10, 5.17.14 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
| 1.15. After all, or, if you like, before all, since you have said that he has a creation of his own, and his own world, and his own sky; we shall see, indeed, about that third heaven, when we come to discuss even your own apostle. Meanwhile, whatever is the (created) substance, it ought at any rate to have made its appearance in company with its own god. But now, how happens it that the Lord has been revealed since the twelfth year of Tiberius C sar, while no creation of His at all has been discovered up to the fifteenth of the Emperor Severus; although, as being more excellent than the paltry works of the Creator, it should certainly have ceased to conceal itself, when its lord and author no longer lies hid? I ask, therefore, if it was unable to manifest itself in this world, how did its Lord appear in this world? If this world received its Lord, why was it not able to receive the created substance, unless perchance it was greater than its Lord? But now there arises a question about place, having reference both to the world above and to the God thereof. For, behold, if he has his own world beneath him, above the Creator, he has certainly fixed it in a position, the space of which was empty between his own feet and the Creator's head. Therefore God both Himself occupied local space, and caused the world to occupy local space; and this local space, too, will be greater than God and the world together. For in no case is that which contains not greater than that which is contained. And indeed we must look well to it that no small patches be left here and there vacant, in which some third god also may be able with a world of his own to foist himself in. Now, begin to reckon up your gods. There will be local space for a god, not only as being greater than God, but as being also unbegotten and unmade, and therefore eternal, and equal to God, in which God has ever been. Then, inasmuch as He too has fabricated a world out of some underlying material which is unbegotten, and unmade, and contemporaneous with God, just as Marcion holds of the Creator, you reduce this likewise to the dignity of that local space which has enclosed two gods, both God and matter. For matter also is a god according to the rule of Deity, being (to be sure) unbegotten, and unmade, and eternal. If, however, it was out of nothing that he made his world, this also (our heretic) will be obliged to predicate of the Creator, to whom he subordinates matter in the substance of the world. But it will be only right that he too should have made his world out of matter, because the same process occurred to him as God which lay before the Creator as equally God. And thus you may, if you please, reckon up so far, three gods as Marcion's - the Maker, local space, and matter. Furthermore, he in like manner makes the Creator a god in local space, which is itself to be appraised on a precisely identical scale of dignity; and to Him as its lord he subordinates matter, which is notwithstanding unbegotten, and unmade, and by reason hereof eternal. With this matter he further associates evil, an unbegotten principle with an unbegotten object, an unmade with an unmade, and an eternal with an eternal; so here he makes a fourth God. Accordingly you have three substances of Deity in the higher instances, and in the lower ones four. When to these are added their Christs - the one which appeared in the time of Tiberius, the other which is promised by the Creator - Marcion suffers a manifest wrong from those persons who assume that he holds two gods, whereas he implies no less than nine, though he knows it not. |
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64. Babylonian Talmud, Yevamot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
| 71a. המרת דת פוסלת ואין המרת דת פוסלת במעשר,כל ערל לא יאכל בו למה לי בו אינו אוכל אבל אוכל הוא במצה ומרור,ואיצטריך למכתב ערל ואיצטריך למכתב כל בן נכר דאי כתב רחמנא ערל משום דמאיס אבל בן נכר דלא מאיס אימא לא ואי כתב רחמנא כל בן נכר משום דאין לבו לשמים אבל ערל דלבו לשמים אימא לא צריכא,(שמות יב, ט) ממנו ממנו למה לי לכדרבה א"ר יצחק,אמר מר ר"ע אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר (ויקרא כב, ד) איש איש לרבות את הערל ואימא לרבות את האונן א"ר יוסי בר' חנינא אמר קרא (ויקרא כב, י) וכל זר זרות אמרתי לך ולא אנינות,אימא ולא ערלות הא כתיב איש איש,ומה ראית מסתברא ערלות הוה ליה לרבויי שכן מעשי"ם כרותי"ם בדב"ר העב"ד מחוסר מעשה ומעשה בגופו וענוש כרת וישנו לפני הדבור ומילת זכריו ועבדיו מעכבת,אדרבה אנינות הוה ליה לרבויי שכן ישנה בכל שעה ונוהגת באנשים ונשים ואין בידו לתקן עצמו,הנך נפישן רבא אמר בלא הנך נפישן נמי לא מצית אמרת אמר קרא איש איש איזהו דבר שישנו באיש ואינו באשה הוי אומר זה ערלות,ורבי עקיבא האי תושב ושכיר מאי עביד ליה אמר רב שמעיא לאתויי ערבי מהול וגבעוני מהול,והני מולין נינהו והא תנן קונם שאני נהנה לערלים מותר בערלי ישראל ואסור במולי עובדי כוכבים קונם שאני נהנה למולין מותר במולי עובדי כוכבים ואסור בערלי ישראל,אלא לאתויי גר שמל ולא טבל וקטן שנולד כשהוא מהול וקסבר צריך להטיף ממנו דם ברית,ור' אליעזר לטעמיה דאמר גר שמל ולא טבל גר מעליא הוא וקסבר קטן כשנולד מהול אין צריך להטיף ממנו דם ברית,ור' אליעזר האי איש איש מאי עביד ליה דברה תורה כלשון בני אדם,בעי רב חמא בר עוקבא קטן ערל מהו לסוכו בשמן של תרומה ערלות שלא בזמנה מעכבא או לא מעכבא,א"ר זירא ת"ש אין לי אלא מילת זכריו בשעת עשיה ועבדיו בשעת אכילה מנין ליתן את האמור של זה בזה ואת האמור של זה בזה ת"ל (שמות יב, מח) אז אז לגזירה שוה,בשלמא עבדיו משכחת לה דאיתנהו בשעת אכילה וליתנהו בשעת עשיה כגון דזבנינהו ביני ביני,אלא זכריו דאיתנהו בשעת אכילה וליתנהו בשעת עשיה היכי משכחת לה לאו דאתילוד בין עשיה לאכילה ש"מ ערלות שלא בזמנה הויא ערלות,אמר רבא ותסברא (שמות יב, מח) המול לו כל זכר אמר רחמנא ואז יקרב לעשותו והאי לאו בר מהילא הוא אלא הכא במאי עסקינן כגון שחלצתו חמה,וניתוב ליה כל שבעה (דאמר שמואל חלצתו חמה נותנין לו כל שבעה) דיהבינן ליה כל שבעה ונימהליה מצפרא בעינן | 71a. that bapostasy [ imeshumadut /i] disqualifies,as the term “stranger” in this context is understood to refer to a Jew whose conduct makes him estranged from God, and he is disqualified from eating the Paschal lamb, bbut apostasy does not disqualifyone from eating btithe. /b,The Gemara asks further: If so, with regard to the phrase “from it” in the verse b“No uncircumcised person shall eat from it”(Exodus 12:48), which again emphasizes “from it” and not from another item, bwhy do Ineed it? The Gemara answers: This teaches that only bfrom it,the Paschal lamb, one who is uncircumcised bmay not eat, but he eats imatzaand bitter herbs.One who is uncircumcised is obligated to eat imatzaand bitter herbs on Passover, just like any other Jew.,The Gemara continues: bAnd it was necessaryfor the Torah bto writethe prohibition with regard to ban uncircumcisedman, band it was necessaryfor the Torah bto writea separate prohibition with regard to bany stranger. As, if the Merciful One had writtenonly about ban uncircumcisedman, one might have thought that only for him is it prohibited to eat from the Paschal lamb bbecausethe foreskin bis repulsive, butwith regard to ba stranger,who bis not repulsive, saythat it is bnotprohibited. bAnd if the Merciful One had writtenonly about bany stranger,one might have concluded that only for him is it prohibited to eat from the Paschal lamb bbecause his heart is notdirected btoward Heavendue to his apostasy, bbutwith regard to ban uncircumcisedman, bwhose heart isdirected btoward Heaven,and it is only on account of unavoidable circumstances that he has not undergone circumcision, bsaythat there is bnoprohibition against his eating the Paschal lamb. Therefore, bit is necessaryto teach both cases.,The Gemara asks: With regard to the phrase b“of it”in the verse “Do not eat of it raw, nor boiled in water, but roasted in fire” (Exodus 12:9), and the phrase b“of it”in the verse “And you shall let nothing of it remain until the morning” (Exodus 12:10), both of which are terms of exclusion, bwhy do Ineed them? The Gemara answers that they are necessary bfor that which Rabba saidthat bRabbi Yitzḥak said,as will be explained later (74a)., bThe Master saidabove in the ibaraita /i: bRabbi Akiva saysthat it bis not necessaryto derive by way of a verbal analogy the ihalakhathat an uncircumcised priest may not eat iteruma /i, basthe verse bsays: “Any man [ iish ish /i]from the seed of Aaron who is a leper or a izavshall not eat of the holy things” (Leviticus 22:4). The repetition of the word iishcomes bto include an uncircumcisedman and indicate that he too may not partake of consecrated food. The Gemara asks: bBut saythat the verse comes bto include an acute mournerin the prohibition against eating iteruma /i. bRabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: The verse states: “No foreignermay eat of the holy thing” (Leviticus 22:10), which indicates: A disqualification stemming from bforeignness I told youprevents one from eating iteruma /i, bbut nota disqualification based on bacute mourning. /b,The Gemara asks: bSaythat the verse comes to teach that a disqualification stemming from foreignness prevents one from eating iteruma /i, bbut nota disqualification based on the priest’s black of circumcision,and so it should be permitted for an uncircumcised priest to partake of iteruma /i. The Gemara answers: bIsn’t it written: “Any man [ iish ish /i],”where the repetition of the word iishcomes to include an uncircumcised priest in the prohibition?,The Gemara asks: bAnd what did you seethat led you to include an uncircumcised priest in the prohibition against eating iterumaand exclude an acute mourner? The Gemara answers: bIt stands to reasonthat black of circumcision should be includedand should preclude a priest’s eating iteruma /i, basthe ihalakhotgoverning an uncircumcised man are stringent in several respects, as alluded to by the following mnemonic of key words: bActs; ikaretim /i; thedivine bword; the slave.The Gemara explains: An uncircumcised man blacksthe bactof circumcision, bandthis bactis performed bon his body;the failure to perform circumcision is bpunishable by ikaret /i;circumcision bexisted before thedivine bwordwas spoken at Mount Sinai, as the mitzva of circumcision had already been given to Abraham; band thelack of bcircumcision of one’s malechildren band slaves precludesone’s eating the Paschal lamb.,The Gemara counters: bOn the contrary, acute mourning should be includedand it should prevent a priest from eating iteruma /i, basacute mourning bisrelevant bat any time, it applies toboth bmen and women, and it is not inthe mourner’s bpower to render himself fituntil after the deceased is buried.,The Gemara answers: bThesearguments for including an uncircumcised priest in the prohibition baremore bnumerous. Rava said:Even bwithoutthe rationale that bthesearguments baremore bnumerous, you still cannot saythat an acute mourner should be included and an uncircumcised priest should be excluded, as bthe verse states: “Any man [ iish ish /i],”emphasizing maleness. Now, bwhat matter applies to a man and not to a woman? You must saythat bit is lack of circumcision,and therefore it cannot be that the phrase comes to include acute mourning in the prohibition.,The Gemara asks: bAnd what does Rabbi Akiva dowith bthisphrase: b“A sojourner and a hired servant,”as it is not needed for the Paschal lamb? bRav Shemaya said:It serves bto include a circumcised Arab and a circumcised Gibeonitein the prohibition against the eating of the Paschal lamb. Although they have been circumcised, it is prohibited for them to partake of the offering.,The Gemara poses a question: bAnd are theseconsidered bcircumcised? But didn’t we learnin a mishna ( iNedarim31b): If one vowed: bThe benefit that Imight gain bfrom the uncircumcised is ikonam /ito me, i.e., forbidden to me like consecrated property, then it bis permittedfor him to derive benefit bfrom uncircumcised Jews, andit bis prohibitedfor him to derive benefit bfrom the circumcised of the nations of the world,as gentiles are considered uncircumcised even if they have their foreskins removed. And conversely, if he vowed: bThe benefit that Imight gain bfrom the circumcised is ikonam /ito me, it is bpermittedfor him to derive benefit bfrom the circumcised of the nations of the world,as they are not considered circumcised, bandit bis prohibitedfor him to derive benefit bfrom uncircumcised Jews.This indicates that the circumcision of gentiles is disregarded., bRather,the phrase “a sojourner and a hired servant” comes bto includein the prohibition against eating of the Paschal lamb ba convertto Judaism bwho was circumcised but did notyet bimmersein a ritual bath, band a child who was born circumcised,i.e., without a foreskin. Although he does not have a foreskin, he is still seen as lacking the act of circumcision. bAnd he,Rabbi Akiva, bmaintainsthat bit is necessary to drip covetal blood from him,in lieu of circumcision, in order to usher him into the covet of Abraham, even though he has no foreskin that can be removed., bAnd Rabbi Eliezer,who uses the words “a sojourner and a hired servant” for a verbal analogy, conforms bto hisstandard line of breasoning, as he said: A convert who was circumcised but did notyet bimmerse is a proper convertin every way. Therefore, the verse cannot come to exclude such an individual. bAnd he maintainsthat in the case of ba child who was born circumcised, it is not necessary to drip covetal blood from him.Since he was born without a foreskin, no additional procedure is necessary.,The Gemara asks: bAnd what does Rabbi Eliezer dowith bthisinclusive phrase b“any man [ iish ish /i]”?The Gemara answers: He maintains that bthe Torah spoke in the language of men,meaning that no special ihalakhais derived from this expression, as it is common biblical vernacular., bRav Ḥama bar Ukva raises a dilemma:With regard to ban uncircumcised childwho is less than eight days old and not yet fit for circumcision, bwhat isthe ihalakhawith respect bto anointing him with oil of iteruma /i?The Gemara explains the two sides of the question: Does black of circumcision not at itsappointed btime,meaning before the obligation of circumcision goes into effect, bprecludethe infant’s benefiting from iteruma /i, as he has the status of an one who is uncircumcised, borperhaps it bdoes not precludehis benefiting from iteruma /i, as he is not considered uncircumcised until the mitzva of circumcision is applicable?, bRabbi Zeira said: Comeand bheara proof from the following ibaraita /i: bI havederived bonlythe ihalakhaconcerning bthe circumcision of one’s malechildren bat the time of the preparation,i.e., the slaughter, of the Paschal lamb, as it is stated: “Let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it” (Exodus 12:48), bandthe ihalakhaconcerning the circumcision of bone’s slaves at the time of the eatingof the Paschal lamb, as it is stated: “But every man’s servant…when you have circumcised him, then shall he eat from it” (Exodus 12:44). bFrom wheredo I derive that it is proper bto applythe prohibition bthat was stated about thiscase bto thatcase, bandthe prohibition bthat was said about thatcase bto thiscase, i.e., that the circumcision of both one’s male children and one’s slaves is indispensable both at the time of the preparation of the Paschal lamb and at the time of its consumption? The itannaanswers that bthe verse statesthe term b“then”with regard to male children and the term b“then”with regard to slaves bas a verbal analogy. /b,The Gemara comments: bGranted,with regard to bone’s slaves you finda case bwhere they are present at the time of eating but they were not present at the time of preparation; for example, if he purchased them in the meantime,i.e., they did not belong to him when the Paschal lamb was slaughtered but he bought them immediately afterward, before it was time to eat it., bHowever,with regard to bhis malechildren, bhow can you finda case bwhere they are present at the time of eating, but they were not present at the time of preparation?Does it bnotinvolve a situation bwhere they were born betweenthe time of the Paschal lamb’s bpreparation andthe time of its beating? Learn from thisthat black of circumcision,even bnot at,i.e., before, bitsappointed btime, isnevertheless considered black of circumcisionthat prevents the father from partaking of the offering., bRava said: Andhow can byou understandit that way? How can you think that the lack of circumcision of a newborn child precludes his father’s eating from the Paschal lamb? Doesn’t bthe Merciful One state: “Let all his males be circumcised,”followed by b“and then let him come near and keep it”(Exodus 12:48), bandas bthisinfant bis notyet bfit for circumcisionhe cannot possibly preclude the father’s partaking of the offering? bRather, with whatcase bare we dealing here?With the case, bfor example,of a baby who was exempt from circumcision at the time of the preparation of the Paschal lamb because he was sick with a high fever, and subsequently bthe fever left himand he recovered. In such a case, failure to immediately circumcise his son precludes the father’s eating from the Paschal lamb.,The Gemara raises a difficulty: If the case is one of a child recovering from an illness, blet us give him the full sevendays that he needs to recuperate properly. bAs Shmuel said:In the case of a baby that was sick with a high fever, and subsequently bthe fever left him, one gives him a full seven daysto heal and only then is he circumcised, but not before. The Gemara answers: The case is in fact one where bwealready bgave him a full sevendays to heal, but they culminated on the eve of Passover. The Gemara asks: bButif the seven-day recovery period ended on the eve of Passover, why did the father wait until the time of eating the Paschal lamb, i.e., the first night of Passover? bHe should have circumcised himalready bin the morning,before the time of the preparation of the Paschal lamb. The Gemara answers: bWe require /b |
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65. Diogenes Laertius, Lives of The Philosophers, 6.56 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
| 6.56. Being asked if the wise eat cakes, Yes, he said, cakes of all kinds, just like other men. Being asked why people give to beggars but not to philosophers, he said, Because they think they may one day be lame or blind, but never expect that they will turn to philosophy. He was begging of a miserly man who was slow to respond; so he said, My friend, it's for food that I'm asking, not for funeral expenses. Being reproached one day for having falsified the currency, he said, That was the time when I was such as you are now; but such as I am now, you will never be. To another who reproached him for the same offence he made a more scurrilous repartee. |
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66. Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, 2.23.4 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
| 2.23.4. James, the brother of the Lord, succeeded to the government of the Church in conjunction with the apostles. He has been called the Just by all from the time of our Saviour to the present day; for there were many that bore the name of James. |
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67. Origen, Against Celsus, 6.52-6.53 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
| 6.52. Celsus proceeds as follows: With regard to the origin of the world and its destruction, whether it is to be regarded as uncreated and indestructible, or as created indeed, but not destructible, or the reverse, I at present say nothing. For this reason we too say nothing on these points, as the work in hand does not require it. Nor do we allege that the Spirit of the universal God mingled itself in things here below as in things alien to itself, as might appear from the expression, The Spirit of God moved upon the water; nor do we assert that certain wicked devices directed against His Spirit, as if by a different creator from the great God, and which were tolerated by the Supreme Divinity, needed to be completely frustrated. And, accordingly, I have nothing further to say to those who utter such absurdities; nor to Celsus, who does not refute them with ability. For he ought either not to have mentioned such matters at all, or else, in keeping with that character for philanthropy which he assumes, have carefully set them forth, and then endeavoured to rebut these impious assertions. Nor have we ever heard that the great God, after giving his spirit to the creator, demands it back again. Proceeding next foolishly to assail these impious assertions, he asks: What god gives anything with the intention of demanding it back? For it is the mark of a needy person to demand back (what he has given), whereas God stands in need of nothing. To this he adds, as if saying something clever against certain parties: Why, when he lent (his spirit), was he ignorant that he was lending it to an evil being? He asks, further: Why does he pass without notice a wicked creator who was counter-working his purposes? 6.53. In the next place, mixing up together various heresies, and not observing that some statements are the utterances of one heretical sect, and others of a different one, he brings forward the objections which we raised against Marcion. And, probably, having heard them from some paltry and ignorant individuals, he assails the very arguments which combat them, but not in a way that shows much intelligence. Quoting then our arguments against Marcion, and not observing that it is against Marcion that he is speaking, he asks: Why does he send secretly, and destroy the works which he has created? Why does he secretly employ force, and persuasion, and deceit? Why does he allure those who, as you assert, have been condemned or accused by him, and carry them away like a slave-dealer? Why does he teach them to steal away from their Lord? Why to flee from their father? Why does he claim them for himself against the father's will? Why does he profess to be the father of strange children? To these questions he subjoins the following remark, as if by way of expressing his surprise: Venerable, indeed, is the god who desires to be the father of those sinners who are condemned by another (god), and of the needy, and, as themselves say, of the very offscourings (of men), and who is unable to capture and punish his messenger, who escaped from him! After this, as if addressing us who acknowledge that this world is not the work of a different and strange god, he continues in the following strain: If these are his works, how is it that God created evil? And how is it that he cannot persuade and admonish (men)? And how is it that he repents on account of the ingratitude and wickedness of men? He finds fault, moreover, with his own handwork, and hates, and threatens, and destroys his own offspring? Whither can he transport them out of this world, which he himself has made? Now it does not appear to me that by these remarks he makes clear what evil is; and although there have been among the Greeks many sects who differ as to the nature of good and evil, he hastily concludes, as if it were a consequence of our maintaining that this world also is a work of the universal God, that in our judgment God is the author of evil. Let it be, however, regarding evil as it may - whether created by God or not - it nevertheless follows only as a result when you compare the principal design. And I am greatly surprised if the inference regarding God's authorship of evil, which he thinks follows from our maintaining that this world also is the work of the universal God, does not follow too from his own statements. For one might say to Celsus: If these are His works, how is it that God created evil? And how is it that He cannot persuade and admonish men? It is indeed the greatest error in reasoning to accuse those who are of different opinions of holding unsound doctrines, when the accuser himself is much more liable to the same charge with regard to his own. |
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68. Anon., Numbers Rabba, 8.4 (4th cent. CE - 9th cent. CE)
| 8.4. אִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה וגו', הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִיב (תהלים קלח, ד): יוֹדוּךָ ה' כָּל מַלְכֵי אָרֶץ כִּי שָׁמְעוּ אִמְרֵי פִיךָ, אָמַר רַבִּי פִּינְחָס שְׁנֵי דְּבָרִים שָׁמְעוּ מַלְכֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם מִפִּי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְעָמְדוּ מִכִּסְאוֹתָם וְהוֹדוּ, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנָּתַן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא תּוֹרָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַר (שמות כ, ב): אָנֹכִי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ, אָמְרוּ מַלְכֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם זֶה כָּמוֹנוּ אוֹמֵר, אֵיזֶה מֶלֶךְ רוֹצֶה שֶׁיְהֵא אַחֵר מַכְּחִישׁ, וְכֵן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר (שמות כ, ג): לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ, אָמְרוּ, אֵי זֶה מֶלֶךְ רוֹצֶה שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לוֹ שֻׁתָּף וְכֵן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר (שמות כ, ז): לֹא תִשָֹּׂא, אָמְרוּ, אֵי זֶה מֶלֶךְ רוֹצֶה שֶׁיִּהְיוּ נִשְׁבָּעִים בּוֹ וּמְשַׁקְּרִים וְכֵן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר (שמות כ, ח): זָכוֹר אֶת יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת, אָמְרוּ, אֵי זֶה מֶלֶךְ רוֹצֶה שֶׁלֹא יִהְיוּ הַבְּרִיוֹת מְכַבְּדִים אֶת יוֹם שֶׁשָּׁבַת, אֲבָל בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר (שמות כ, יב): כַּבֵּד, אָמְרוּ בַּנִּימוֹסוֹת שֶׁלָּנוּ כָּל מִי שֶׁמַּכְתִּיב אֶת עַצְמוֹ סֶגְרוֹן לַמֶּלֶךְ, הוּא כּוֹפֵר בַּאֲבוֹתָיו, וְזֶה מַכְרִיז וְאוֹמֵר: כַּבֵּד אֶת אָבִיךָ וְאֶת אִמֶּךָ, עָמְדוּ מִכִּסְאוֹתָם וְהוֹדוּ לוֹ. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (ויקרא ה, טז): וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר חָטָא מִן הַקֹּדֶשׁ יְשַׁלֵּם, אָמְרוּ בַּנִּימוֹסוֹת שֶׁלָּנוּ כָּל דְּאָכֵיל צִנּוֹרָא מִן קֵיסָר יָהֵב בֵּיהּ סַכִּין דְּפַדָּן, וְזֶה מַכְרִיז וְאוֹמֵר: וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר חָטָא מִן הַקֹּדֶשׁ יְשַׁלֵּם, וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁהֶחְמִיר בְּהֶדְיוֹט יוֹתֵר מִגָּבוֹהַּ, שֶׁבְּגָבוֹהַּ כְּתִיב (ויקרא ה, טו): נֶפֶשׁ כִּי תִמְעֹל מַעַל וגו', וּבְהֶדְיוֹט כְּתִיב (ויקרא ה, כא): נֶפֶשׁ כִּי תֶחֱטָא וגו', עֲשָׂאוֹ כַּמֵּזִיד, וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁבָּזֶה הִקְדִּים מְעִילָה לַחֵטְא, וּבָזֶה הִקְדִּים חֵטְא לַמְּעִילָה. וְלֹא עוֹד לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶלָּא אֲפִלּוּ בְּגוֹזֵל הַגֵּר כֵּן, מִי הוּא אֱלוֹהַּ כָּזֶה הָאוֹהֵב אֶת אוֹהֲבָיו וּמְקָרֵב רְחוֹקִים כַּקְּרוֹבִים הַבָּאִים לִשְׁמוֹ, עָמְדוּ מִכִּסְאוֹתָם וְהוֹדוּ לוֹ. וְלֹא תֹאמַר בְּגֵרֵי הַצֶּדֶק שֶׁנִּתְגַּיְרוּ לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם קֵרַב הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אֶלָּא אֲפִלּוּ אוֹתָן שֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ שֶׁלֹא לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם, מָצִינוּ שֶׁתָּבַע הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עֶלְבּוֹנָם, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמואל ב כא, א): וַיְהִי רָעָב בִּימֵי דָוִד וגו', מַהוּ (שמואל ב כא, א): שָׁנָה אַחֲרֵי שָׁנָה, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהָיוּ שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים רְצוּפוֹת, כְּשֶׁרָאָה דָּוִד שֶׁהִתְחִיל הָרָעָב לָבוֹא בְּיָמָיו, אָמַר בַּעֲוֹן חֲמִשָּׁה דְּבָרִים הַגְּשָׁמִים אֵינָן יוֹרְדִין, בַּעֲוֹן עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים, וּמְגַלֵּי עֲרָיוֹת, וְשׁוֹפְכֵי דָמִים, וּפוֹסְקֵי צְדָקָה בָּרַבִּים וְאֵינָן נוֹתְנִין, וּבַעֲוֹן שֶׁאֵינָן נוֹתְנִין מַעַשְׂרוֹתֵיהֶם כְּתִקְּנָן. בַּעֲוֹן עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יא, טז): הִשָּׁמְרוּ לָכֶם פֶּן יִפְתֶּה וגו', וְאוֹמֵר (דברים יא, יז): וְחָרָה אַף ה' בָּכֶם וגו'. בַּעֲוֹן מְגַלֵי עֲרָיוֹת מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה ג, ב): וַתַּחֲנִיפִי הָאָרֶץ בִּזְנוּתַיִּךְ וגו', וְאוֹמֵר (ירמיה ג, ג): וַיִּמָּנְעוּ רְבִבִים וּמַלְקוֹשׁ וגו'. בַּעֲוֹן שׁוֹפְכֵי דָמִים מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר לה, לג): כִּי הַדָּם הוּא יַחֲנִיף אֶת הָאָרֶץ, כִּי הַדָּם הוּא יַחַן אַף עַל הָאָרֶץ. בַּעֲוֹן פּוֹסְקֵי צְדָקָה בָּרַבִּים וְאֵינָן נוֹתְנִין מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי כה, יד): נְשִׂיאִים וְרוּחַ וְגֶשֶׁם אָיִן, לָמָּה (משלי כה, יד): אִישׁ מִתְהַלֵּל בְּמַתַּת שָׁקֶר. בַּעֲוֹן שֶׁאֵין נוֹתְנִין מַעְשְׂרוֹתֵיהֶן כְּתִקְּנָן מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלאכי ג, י): הָבִיאוּ אֶת כָּל הַמַּעֲשֵׂר אֶל בֵּית הָאוֹצָר וגו'. שָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה הִתְחִיל דָּוִד לְהוֹכִיחַ דּוֹרוֹ בְּעֵת הָרֶגֶל וְאָמַר לָהֶן שֶׁמָּא יֵשׁ בָּכֶם בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁהֵן עוֹבְדִים עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁאֵין הַשָּׁמַיִם נֶעֱצָרִים מֵהוֹרִיד טַל וּמָטָר, אֶלָּא בְּעָוֹן זֶה יָצְאוּ וּבִקְּשׁוּ וְלֹא מָצְאוּ. שָׁנָה שְׁנִיָּה אָמַר לָהֶם שֶׁמָּא גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת יֵשׁ בָּכֶם, שֶׁאֵין הַשָּׁמַיִם נֶעֱצָרִים אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי כָּךְ, יָצְאוּ וּבִקְּשׁוּ וְלֹא מָצְאוּ. שָׁנָה שְׁלִישִׁית אָמַר לָהֶם שֶׁמָּא שׁוֹפְכֵי דָמִים אוֹ פּוֹסְקֵי צְדָקָה בָּרַבִּים וְאֵינָן נוֹתְנִין יֵשׁ בָּכֶם, אוֹ מוֹנְעֵי הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת יֵשׁ בָּכֶם, שֶׁאֵין הַגְּשָׁמִים נֶעֱצָרִים אֶלָּא עֲלֵיהֶם, יָצְאוּ וּבִקְּשׁוּ וְלֹא מָצְאוּ, מִכָּאן וָאֵילָךְ אָמַר דָּוִד אֵין הַדָּבָר תָּלוּי אֶלָּא בִּי, הִתְחִיל שׁוֹאֵל בָּאוּרִים וְתֻמִּים, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמואל ב כא, א): וַיְבַקֵּשׁ דָּוִד אֶת פְּנֵי ה', אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ שֶׁשָּׁאַל בָּאוּרִים וְתֻמִּים. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר טַעֲמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אַתְיָא פְּנֵי פְּנֵי, כְּתִיב הָכָא: וַיְבַקֵּשׁ דָּוִד אֶת פְּנֵי ה', וּכְתִיב הָתָם (במדבר כז, כא): וְלִפְנֵי אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן יַעֲמֹד וְשָׁאַל לוֹ וגו', אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא דָּוִד מֻצָּל אַתָּה אֶלָּא עַל שָׁאוּל וְעַל בֵּית הַדָּמִים, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמואל ב כא, כ): וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל שָׁאוּל וְאֶל בֵּית הַדָּמִים וגו', עַל שָׁאוּל, שֶׁלֹא עֲשִׂיתֶם עִמּוֹ חֶסֶד וְלֹא נִסְפַּד כַּהֲלָכָה, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא דָּוִד אֵינוֹ שָׁאוּל שֶׁנִּמְשַׁח בְּשֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה, אֵינוֹ שָׁאוּל שֶׁבְּיָמָיו לֹא נַעֲשָׂה עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵינוֹ שָׁאוּל שֶׁחֶלְקוֹ עִם שְׁמוּאֵל הַנָּבִיא, וְאַתָּה בָּאָרֶץ וְהוּא בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וְאֶל בֵּית הַדָּמִים עַל אֲשֶׁר הֵמִית אֶת הַגִּבְעֹנִים, וְהֵיכָן מָצִינוּ שֶׁהֵמִית גִּבְעוֹנִים, אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁהָרַג נוֹב עִיר הַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁהָיוּ מַסְפִּיקִין לָהֶם מַיִם וּמָזוֹן, מַעֲלֶה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב כְּאִלּוּ הֲרָגָן. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר כְּתִיב (צפניה ב, ג): בַּקְּשׁוּ אֶת ה' כָּל עַנְוֵי הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר מִשְׁפָּטוֹ פָּעָלוּ, מַהוּ אֲשֶׁר מִשְׁפָּטוֹ פָּעָלוּ, שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּטוֹ וּפָעֳלוֹ כְּאַחַת, אַתְּ מוֹצֵא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא תּוֹבֵעַ מִשְׁפָּטָן שֶׁל גִּבְעוֹנִים מִן שָׁאוּל וְזוֹכֵר פְּעֻלָּתוֹ שֶׁל שָׁאוּל לְשַׁלֵּם לוֹ שָׂכָר טוֹב, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אָמַר דָּוִד וְכִי בִּשְׁבִיל הַגֵּרִים הַלָּלוּ עָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְעַמּוֹ כֵּן, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אִם תַּרְחִיק אֶת הָרְחוֹקִים סוֹפְךָ לְרַחֵק אֶת הַקְּרוֹבִים, צֵא וּלְמַד מִיהוֹשֻׁעַ רַבָּךְ שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמְרוּ הַגִּבְעוֹנִים (יהושע י, ו): עֲלֵה אֵלֵינוּ מְהֵרָה וְהוֹשִׁיעָה לָנוּ וְעָזְרֵנוּ, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אָמַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכִי בִּשְׁבִיל הַגֵּרִים הַלָּלוּ אָנוּ מַטְרִיחִים עַל הַצִּבּוּר. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אִם תַּרְחִיק אֶת הָרְחוֹקִים סוֹפְךָ לְרַחֵק אֶת הַקְּרוֹבִים, צֵא וּלְמַד מֵהֵיכָן הוּא מַטָּעֲךָ לֹא מִן הַגֵרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית מו, כ): וַיִּוָּלֵד לְיוֹסֵף בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם וגו', וּכְתִיב (במדבר יג, ח): לְמַטֵּה אֶפְרָיִם הוֹשֵׁעַ בִּן נוּן, מִיָּד (שמואל ב כא, ב): וַיִּקְרָא הַמֶּלֶךְ לַגִּבְעֹנִים וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם וְהַגִּבְעֹנִים וגו', מַה שֶּׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: וְהַגִּבְעֹנִים לֹא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵמָּה, וְכִי מָה עִנְיָן זֶה לָזֶה, אֶלָּא כָּךְ אָמַר הַכָּתוּב לְפִי שֶׁקָּרָא דָּוִד לַגִּבְעֹנִים וְאָמַר אֲלֵיהֶם מַה שֶּׁאָמַר וְלֹא קִבְּלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ, לְכָךְ וְהַגִּבְעֹנִים לֹא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵמָּה, שֶׁעָמַד דָּוִד וְרִחֲקָן שֶׁלֹא יָבוֹאוּ בַּקָּהָל, וְזוֹ הִיא שֶׁשָּׁנִינוּ (גמרא יבמות עט-א): שֶׁנְּתִינִים אֲסוּרִים לָבוֹא בַּקָּהָל, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אָמַר דָּוִד שָׁלשׁ מַתָּנוֹת נָתַן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, רַחֲמָנִין וּבַיְשָׁנִין וְגוֹמְלֵי חֲסָדִים. רַחֲמָנִין, דִּכְתִיב (דברים יג, יח): וְנָתַן לְךָ רַחֲמִים וְרִחַמְךָ וְהִרְבֶּךָ. בַּיְשָׁנִים, דִּכְתִיב (שמות כ, יז): וּבַעֲבוּר תִּהְיֶה יִרְאָתוֹ עַל פְּנֵיכֶם לְבִלְתִּי תֶחֱטָאוּ, זֶה סִימָן לַבַּיְשָׁן שֶׁאֵינוֹ חוֹטֵא, וְכָל מִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בּשֶׁת פָּנִים דָּבָר בָּרִי שֶׁלֹא עָמְדוּ אֲבוֹתָיו עַל הַר סִינַי וגו'. גּוֹמְלֵי חֲסָדִים מִנַּיִן, דִּכְתִיב (בראשית יח, יט): לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר יְצַוֶּה אֶת בָּנָיו וְאֶת בֵּיתוֹ וגו', וּכְתִיב (דברים ז, יב): וְשָׁמַר ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְךָ אֶת הַבְּרִית וְאֶת הַחֶסֶד, וְאֵלּוּ אֵין בָּהֶם אֶחָד מֵאֵלֶּה, מִיָּד עָמַד וְרִחֲקָן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וְהַגִּבְעוֹנִים לֹא מִבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵמָּה, אֵין רְאוּיִן אֵלֶּה לְהִתְעָרֵב עִמָּהֶם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגֵּרִים הֵם לֹא עָמְדוּ אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם עַל הַר סִינַי, כִּי עַל שֵׁם כְּנַעֲנִים מִתְחַשְּׁבִים, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמואל ב כא, ב): כִּי אִם מִיֶּתֶר הָאֱמֹרִי. מַה כְּתִיב בָּהֶם (דברים ז, ג): וְלֹא תִתְחַתֵּן בָּם וגו', אַף אֵלּוּ כְּמוֹתָן אֵינָן רְאוּיִן לִדָּבֵק בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. כָּתוּב אֶחָד אוֹמֵר (יהושע ט, ז): וַיֹּאמֶר אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל הַחִוִּי וגו', וְכָאן קָרֵי לֵיהּ אֱמוֹרִי, אֶלָּא מִן הָאֱמוֹרִי הָיוּ וְלָמָּה קוֹרֵא אוֹתָן חִוִּי, עַל שֶׁעָשׂוּ מַעֲשֵׂה חִוִּי, מַעֲשֵׂה נָחָשׁ. הַנָּחָשׁ אָמַר יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (בראשית ב, יז): כִּי בְּיוֹם אֲכָלְךָ מִמֶּנּוּ מוֹת תָּמוּת, אֶלָּא הֲרֵינִי הוֹלֵךְ וּמְרַמֶּה בָּהֶם וְהֵם אוֹכְלִין וְנֶעֱנָשִׁים וַאֲנִי יוֹרֵשׁ אֶת הָאָרֶץ לְעַצְמִי, כָּךְ עָשׂוּ הַגִּבְעוֹנִים, אָמְרוּ יוֹדְעִים אָנוּ שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל (דברים כ, יז): כִּי הַחֲרֵם תַּחֲרִימֵם הַחִתִּי וְהָאֱמֹרִי וגו' (דברים ז, ב): לֹא תִכְרֹת לָהֶם בְּרִית וגו', אֶלָּא הֲרֵי אָנוּ הוֹלְכִין וּמְרַמִּין בָּהֶם וְהֵם כּוֹרְתִים אִתָּנוּ בְּרִית, מַה נַּפְשָׁךְ, יַהַרְגוּ אוֹתָנוּ יַעַבְרוּ עַל הַשְּׁבוּעָה, יְקַיְּמוּ אוֹתָנוּ עוֹבְרִים עַל הַגְּזֵרָה, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ נֶעֱנָשִׁים וְאָנוּ יוֹרְשִׁין אֶת הָאָרֶץ לְעַצְמֵנוּ, לְפִיכָךְ כְּשֶׁרָאָה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כֵּן, אָמַר לָהֶם (יהושע ט, כב): לָמָּה רִמִּיתֶם אֹתָנוּ וגו', אָמַר לָהֶם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אַתֶּם עֲשִׂיתֶם מַעֲשֵׂה נָחָשׁ לְפִיכָךְ תִּטְלּוּ שְׂכָרוֹ שֶׁל נָחָשׁ. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אֵרֲרָן כְּנָחָשׁ, דִּכְתִיב (יהושע ט, כג): וְעַתָּה אֲרוּרִים אַתֶּם, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁכָּתוּב בַּנָּחָשׁ (בראשית ג, יד): אָרוּר אַתָּה מִכָּל הַבְּהֵמָה, מַהוּ (שמואל ב כא, ב): וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נִשְׁבְּעוּ לָהֶם, אָמַר דָּוִד בְּעֵת שֶׁבְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נִשְׁבְּעוּ לָהֶם תָּלוּ הַדָּבָר בִּי, שֶׁאִם אֶחְפֹּץ לְרַחֲקָן וּלְקָרְבָן הָרְשׁוּת בְּיָדִי, הֲרֵינִי מְרַחֲקָן. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁתָּלוּ הַדָּבָר בְּדָוִד, דִּכְתִיב (יהושע ט, כז): וַיִּתְּנֵם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא חֹטְבֵי עֵצִים וְשֹׁאֲבֵי מַיִם וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי אַמֵּי בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אַחַר שֶׁאָמַר (יהושע ט, כז): לָעֵדָה וּלְמִזְבַּח ה', מַה צֹּרֶךְ לוֹמַר (יהושע ט, כז): אֶל הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחָר, אֶלָּא תְּלָאוֹ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּדָוִד, אָמַר אֲנִי אֵינִי לֹא מְקָרְבָן וְלֹא מְרַחֲקָן, אֶלָּא מִי שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לִבְנוֹת בֵּית הַבְּחִירָה, אִם רָאֲתָה דַּעְתּוֹ לְקָרֵב יְקָרֵב, לְרַחֵק יְרַחֵק, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁבָּא דָּוִד וְרָאָה שֶׁהָיוּ אַכְזָרִים רִחֲקָן, אַף עֶזְרָא רִחֲקָן, דִּכְתִיב (נחמיה יא, כא): וְהַנְּתִינִים ישְׁבִים בָּעֹפֶל וגו'. אַף לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְרַחֲקָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל מח, יט): וְהָעֹבֵד הָעִיר יַעַבְדוּהוּ מִכֹּל שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, יְאַבְּדוּהוּ מִכֹּל שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, (שמואל ב כא, ב): וַיְבַקֵּשׁ שָׁאוּל לְהַכֹּתָם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹא הִכָּם נִתְאַכְזְרוּ עָלָיו, לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁלֹא עַל חִנָּם רִחֲקָן דָּוִד (שמואל ב כא, ב): בְּקַנֹּאתוֹ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוּדָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹא כָּעַס עֲלֵיהֶם שָׁאוּל אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל קִנְאָה שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל וִיהוּדָה וְלֹא עָשָׂה בִּשְׁבִיל שִׂנְאָה שֶׁהָיָה שׂוֹנְאָם, וְלֹא רִחֲמוּ עַל בָּנָיו. מַה הִיא הַקִּנְאָה, שֶׁלֹא הָיוּ מְגַלִּים לוֹ הֵיכָן דָּוִד מִתְחַבֵּא, מִיָּד שָׁלַח דָּוִד וְקָרָא לָהֶם מַה לָּכֶם וּלְבֵית שָׁאוּל, אֲמַרוּן לֵיהּ עַל שֶׁפָּסַק מְזוֹנֵנוּ וְעַל שֶׁהֵמִית מִמֶּנּוּ שִׁבְעָה אֲנָשִׁים, שְׁנֵי חוֹטְבֵי עֵצִים, וּשְׁנֵי שׁוֹאֲבֵי מַיִם, וְחַזָּן, וְסוֹפֵר, וְשַׁמָּשׁ. אֲמַר לוֹן וּמָה אַתּוּן בָּעֲיִן כַּדּוּן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמואל ב כא, ג): וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִד אֶל הַגִּבְעֹנִים מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה לָכֶם וּבַמָּה אֲכַפֵּר וּבָרְכוּ אֶת נַחֲלַת ה', אָמַר לָהֶם מָה הֲנָיָה לֶהֱוֵי לְכוֹן אִם תִּקְטְלוּן מִן בֵּית שָׁאוּל נַפְשָׁא, אֶלָּא אִמְרוּ לִי מַה תַּקָנָה אֶעֱשֶׂה לָכֶם שֶׁאַתֶּם מִתְפַּיְסִין וְכַמָּה כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב אֶתֵּן לָכֶם כֹּפֶר נַפְשְׁכֶם, וּבַמָּה אֲכַפֵּר, כְּמָה דְתֵימָא (שמות כא, ל): אִם כֹּפֶר יוּשַׁת עָלָיו וְנָתַן פִּדְיֹן נַפְשׁוֹ, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְסֹק הָרָעָב, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וּבָרְכוּ אֶת נַחֲלַת ה', וּכְמָה דְתֵימָא (בראשית מז, ז): וַיְבָרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב אֶת פַּרְעֹה, שֶׁבֵּרֲכוֹ שֶׁיִּכְלֶה הָרָעָב. (שמואל ב כא, ד): וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ הַגִּבְעֹנִים אֵין לָנוּ כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב עִם שָׁאוּל וְעִם בֵּיתוֹ, לִי כְתִיב לָנוּ קְרִי, לָמָּה כֵן, אָמַר לָהֶם דָּוִד, מָה הֲנָיָה לְכוֹן דְּאִנּוּן מִתְקַטְלִין, סְבוּ לְכוֹן כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב. אָמְרוּ לוֹ אֵין אָנוּ מְבַקְּשִׁין כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב עִם שָׁאוּל וְעִם בְּנֵי בֵיתוֹ, לֹא הָיָה לָנוּ חַיָּב מָמוֹן שֶׁמָּמוֹן נִטֹּל מִמֶּנּוּ, אֶלָּא נְפָשׁוֹת חַיָּב לָנוּ, וּנְפָשׁוֹת אָנוּ מְבַקְּשִׁין. אָמַר דָּוִד דִּלְמָא דְּאִנּוּן בָּהֲתִין פַּלְגוֹן מִן פַּלְגוֹן, נְסַב כָּל חַד וְחַד מִנְּהוֹן וַהֲוָה מְפַיֵּס לֵיהּ, קֳבֵל גַּרְמֵיהּ, וְהוּא אֲמַר לֵיהּ מָה הֲנָיָה לָךְ וְאִינוּן מִתְקַטְּלִין סַב לָךְ מָמוֹן, וְהוּא אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֵין לִי כֶסֶף וְזָהָב עִם שָׁאוּל וְעִם בֵּיתוֹ, וְאֵין לָנוּ לַחֲזֹר עַל אֲחֵרִים אֶלָּא עָלָיו, שֶׁעֲבָדָיו לֹא רָצוּ לִשְׁלוֹחַ יָד בַּכֹּהֲנִים וְלֹא בָּנוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א כב, יז): וְלֹא אָבוּ עַבְדֵּי הַמֶּלֶךְ לִשְׁלוֹחַ אֶת יָדָם לִפְגֹּעַ בְּכֹהֲנֵי ה', הֱוֵי (שמואל ב כא, ד): וְאֵין לָנוּ אִישׁ לְהָמִית בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה דָּוִד שֶׁלֹא קִבְּלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ, אָמַר לָהֶם מָה אַתֶּם אוֹמְרִים אֲנִי עוֹשֶׂה לָכֶם, אִם נְפָשׁוֹת אַתֶּם מְבַקְּשִׁים אֲנִי אֶעֱשֶׂה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמואל ב כא, ד): וַיֹּאמֶר מָה אַתֶּם אֹמְרִים אֶעֱשֶׂה לָכֶם, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם דָּוִד כֵּן, אָמְרוּ לוֹ אֵין אָנוּ מְבַקְּשִׁים לִפְרֹעַ לוֹ כְּכָל מִדָּתוֹ, הוּא כִּלָּנוּ וְחָשַׁב לְהַשְׁמִידֵנוּ שֶׁלֹא יִהְיֶה לָנוּ עֲמִידָה בְּכָל גְּבוּל יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵין אָנוּ מְבַקְּשִׁין מִכָּל בָּנָיו אֶלָּא שִׁבְעָה, כְּנֶגֶד הַשִּׁבְעָה אֲשֶׁר הֲרָגָם מִמֶּנּוּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמואל ב כא, ה): וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל הַמֶּלֶךְ הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר כִּלָּנוּ וַאֲשֶׁר דִּמָּה לָנוּ וגו', אֲשֶׁר כִּלָּנוּ שֶׁבַע אוֹתִיּוֹת הֵן, כְּנֶגֶד שֶׁבַע נְפָשׁוֹת שֶׁהָרַג מֵהֶם, לְפִיכָךְ (שמואל ב כא, ו): יֻתַּן לָנוּ שִׁבְעָה אֲנָשִׁים מִבָּנָיו וְהוֹקַעֲנוּם לַה' בְּגִבְעַת שָׁאוּל בְּחִיר ה' וגו', כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּרְאוּ כָּל הָעוֹלָם וְיִתְיָרְאוּ וְלֹא יוֹסִיפוּ עוֹד לְהָרַע לַגֵּרִים, לְכָךְ כְּתִיב לַה', שֶׁהוּא צִוָּה לְהֵיטִיב לַגֵּרִים, וְהוּא הֵרַע לָהֶם, לָמָּה בְּגִבְעַת שָׁאוּל, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּדְעוּ אִם לַמֶּלֶךְ לֹא נָשָׂא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא פָּנִים קַל וָחֹמֶר לָהֶדְיוֹטִים. בְּחִיר ה', אֶתְמְהָה, הֵם מְקַטְרְגִים עָלָיו, וְקָרְיִין לֵיהּ בְּחִיר ה'. אֶלָּא הֵם אָמְרוּ: בְּגִבְעַת שָׁאוּל, יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה: בְּחִיר ה'. כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה דָּוִד צָרָתוֹ צָרָה, הִתְחִיל אוֹמֵר לָהֶם אֲנִי אֶתֵּן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמואל ב כא, ו): וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲנִי אֶתֵּן, (שמואל ב כא, ז): וַיַּחְמֹל הַמֶּלֶךְ עַל מְפִיבשֶׁת בֶּן יְהוֹנָתָן וגו', עַל שֶׁהָיָה אָדָם גָּדוֹל בַּתּוֹרָה נָתַן דָּוִד עֵינָיו בּוֹ לְהַצִּילוֹ מִיָּדָם, אָמַר דָּוִד הֲרֵינִי מַעֲבִירָן לִפְנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְכָל מִי שֶׁהַמִּזְבֵּחַ קוֹלְטוֹ הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁלּוֹ, וְהֶעֱבִירָן לִפְנֵי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְנִתְפַּלֵּל עָלָיו וְהָלַךְ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּקְלָטוֹ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים נז, ג): אֶקְרָא לֵאלֹהִים עֶלְיוֹן לָאֵל גֹּמֵר עָלָי, שֶׁהִסְכִּים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עִם דָּוִד. (שמואל ב כא, ח): וַיִּקַּח הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי רִצְפָּה בַת אַיָּה אֲשֶׁר יָלְדָה לְשָׁאוּל וגו', וְהָכְתִיב (שמואל ב ו, כג): וּלְמִיכַל בַּת שָׁאוּל לֹא הָיָה לָהּ יָלֶד עַד יוֹם מוֹתָהּ, וּמֵרַב הֵיכָן הִיא, אֱמֹר מֵעַתָּה בְּנֵי מֵרַב הָיוּ וְגִדְּלָתַם מִיכַל וְנִקְרְאוּ עַל שְׁמָהּ. (שמואל ב כא, ט): וַיִּתְּנֵם בְּיַד הַגִּבְעֹנִים וַיֹּקִיעֻם בָּהָר לִפְנֵי ה' וַיִּפְּלוּ שְׁבַעְתָּם יָחַד, שְׁבַעְתָּם כְּתִיב חָסֵר יו"ד, זֶה מְפִיבשֶׁת בֶּן יוֹנָתָן שֶׁנִּצַּל, שֶׁהָיָה חָסֵר מִן הַשִּׁבְעָה. (שמואל ב כא, ט): וְהֵמָּה הֻמְתוּ בִּימֵי קָצִיר בָּרִאשֹׁנִים בִּתְחִלַּת קְצִיר שְׂעֹרִים, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהוּמְתוּ בְּשִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּנִיסָן, יוֹם שֶׁהָיוּ מַקְרִיבִים אֶת הָעוֹמֶר. (שמואל ב כא, י): וַתִּקַּח רִצְפָּה בַת אַיָּה אֶת הַשַֹּׂק וַתַּטֵּהוּ לָהּ אֶל הַצּוּר, מַהוּ אֶל הַצּוּר, אָמַר רַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא שֶׁהָיְתָה אוֹמֶרֶת (דברים לב, ד): הַצּוּר תָּמִים פָּעֳלוֹ. (שמואל ב כא, י): מִתְּחִלַּת קָצִיר עַד נִתַּךְ מַיִם עֲלֵיהֶם מִן הַשָּׁמָיִם, רַבִּי אַחָא בַּר זְבִינָא אָמַר בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא גָּדוֹל הוּא קִדּוּשׁ הַשֵּׁם מֵחִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם, בְּחִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם כְּתִיב (דברים כא, כג): לֹא תָלִין נִבְלָתוֹ עַל הָעֵץ, וּבְקִדּוּשׁ הַשֵּׁם כְּתִיב: מִתְּחִלַת קָצִיר עַד נִתַּךְ מַיִם עֲלֵיהֶם מִן הַשָּׁמָיִם, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁעָמְדוּ תְּלוּיִם מִשִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּנִיסָן עַד שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר בְּמַרְחֶשְׁוָן. וְהָכְתִיב (דברים כד, טז): לֹא יוּמְתוּ אָבוֹת עַל בָּנִים, וּבָנִים מֵתוּ בַּעֲוֹן אֲבִיהֶם, אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר אַבָּא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מוּטָב שֶׁתֵּעָקֵר אוֹת אַחַת מִן הַתּוֹרָה וְאַל יִתְחַלֵּל שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם בְּפַרְהֶסְיָא, וְהָיוּ אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם אוֹמְרִים תּוֹרָתָן שֶׁל אֵלּוּ פְּלַסְטוֹן הִיא, כָּתוּב בְּתוֹרָתָן: לֹא תָלִין נִבְלָתוֹ, וְאֵלּוּ תְּלוּיִם שִׁבְעָה חֳדָשִׁים. כָּתוּב בְּתוֹרָתָן אֵין דָּנִים שְׁנַיִם בְּיוֹם אֶחָד, וְאֵלוּ שְׁבַעְתָּם יָחַד. כָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה: לֹא יוּמְתוּ אָבוֹת עַל בָּנִים, וְאֵלּוּ מֵתִים בַּעֲוֹן אֲבוֹתָם. וְהָיוּ שׁוֹאֲלִים עֲלֵיהֶם מֶה חָטְאוּ אֵלּוּ שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּנֵּית מִדַּת הַדִּין, וְהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹמְרִים לָהֶם אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם שֶׁל אֵלּוּ פָּשְׁטוּ יְדֵיהֶם בְּגֵרִים גְּרוּרִים, אָמְרוּ לָהֶם וְכִי מַה טִּיבָן, אָמְרוּ לָהֶם אֵלּוּ הַגֵּרִים שֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ בִּימֵי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם וְכִי בִּשְׁבִיל הַגֵּרִים הַגְּרוּרִים הָאֲרוּרִים הַלָּלוּ עָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְעַמּוֹ כֵן, מַה בִּבְנֵי מְלָכִים כֵּן בְּהֶדְיוֹטוֹת עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, מָה אִם אֵלּוּ שֶׁלֹא נִתְגַּיְּרוּ לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם רְאוּ הֵיאַךְ תָּבַע הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת דָּמָן, הַמִּתְגַּיֵּר לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, וַדַּאי אֵין אֱלוֹהַּ כֵּאלֹהֵיהֶם וְאֵין אֻמָּה כְּאֻמָּתָם, וְאֵין לָנוּ לִדָּבֵק אֶלָּא בְּאֻמָּה זוֹ שֶׁאֱלֹהֶיהָ גָּדוֹל מִכָּל אֱלֹהִים. מִיָּד נִתְגַּיְּרוּ הַרְבֵּה גֵרִים מֵאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה מֵאָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברי הימים ב ב, טז): וַיִסְפֹּר שְׁלֹמֹה כָּל הָאֲנָשִׁים הַגֵּירִים אֲשֶׁר בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֲרֵי הַסְּפָר אֲשֶׁר סְפָרָם דָּוִיד אָבִיו וַיִּמָּצְאוּ מֵאָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים אֶלֶף וּשְׁלשֶׁת אֲלָפִים וְשֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת. מֵהֶם עָשָׂה שְׁלֹמֹה שִׁבְעִים אֶלֶף נוֹשֵׂא סַבָּל, וּשְׁמוֹנִים אֶלֶף חוֹצֵב בָּהָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברי הימים ב ב, א): וַיִּסְפֹּר שְׁלֹמֹה שִׁבְעִים אֶלֶף אִישׁ סַבָּל וגו'. וְכָל כָּךְ לָמָּה לְהוֹדִיעַ שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הוּא מְקָרֵב אֶת הָרְחוֹקִים, וְסָמַךְ לָרְחוֹקִים כַּקְּרוֹבִים, וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁמַּקְדִּים שָׁלוֹם לָרְחוֹקִים מִן הַקְּרוֹבִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה נז, יט): שָׁלוֹם שָׁלוֹם לָרָחוֹק וְלַקָּרוֹב, הֱוֵי: עַד נִתַּךְ מַיִם עֲלֵיהֶם מִן הַשָּׁמָיִם. מַהוּ (שמואל ב כא, י): וְלֹא נָתְנָה עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם לָנוּחַ עֲלֵיהֶם, בּוֹא וּרְאֵה הַחֶסֶד שֶׁעָשְׂתָה רִצְפָּה בַת אַיָּה עִמָּהֶם, שֶׁהָיְתָה שׁוֹמַרְתָּם בַּיּוֹם מֵעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבַלַּיְלָה מֵחַיַּת הַשָֹּׂדֶה שִׁבְעָה חֳדָשִׁים, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְדָוִד עַל שָׁאוּל שֶׁלֹא נִסְפַּד כַּהֲלָכָה וְהוּא נִקְבַּר בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, הָיָה דָּוִד מִתְעַצֵּל בְּהֶסְפֵּדוֹ, שֶׁאָמַר שָׁאוּל כְּבָר עָבְרוּ עָלָיו תְּרֵיסַר יַרְחֵי שַׁתָּא וְלָא אָרְחֵיהּ לְאַסְפּוּדֵיהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּידוּ לוֹ מַעֲשִׂים שֶׁל רִצְפָּה בַת אַיָּה, נָשָׂא קַל וָחֹמֶר בְּעַצְמוֹ, וְאָמַר: מַה זּוֹ שֶׁהִיא אִשָּׁה כָּךְ עָשְׂתָה לִגְמִילוּת חֲסָדִים, אֲנִי שֶׁאֲנִי מֶלֶךְ עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, מִיָּד הָלַךְ לִגְמֹל חֶסֶד עִמָּהֶם, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמואל ב כא, יא): וַיֻּגַּד לְדָוִד אֵת אֲשֶׁר עָשְׂתָה וגו', (שמואל ב כא, יב יג): וַיֵּלֶךְ דָּוִד וַיִּקַּח אֶת עַצְמוֹת שָׁאוּל וגו' וַיַּעַל מִשָּׁם אֶת עַצְמוֹת שָׁאוּל וגו'. מֶה עָשָׂה דָּוִד, עָמַד וְכִנֵּס כָּל זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּגְדוֹלֵיהֶם, וְעָבְרוּ אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן וּבָאוּ לְיָבֵישׁ גִּלְעָד, וּמָצְאוּ אֶת עַצְמוֹת שָׁאוּל וִיהוֹנָתָן בְּנוֹ וְנָתְנוּ אוֹתָם בְּתוֹךְ אֲרוֹן הַמֵּת וְעָבְרוּ אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל ב כא, יד): וַיִּקְבְּרוּ אֶת עַצְמוֹת שָׁאוּל וִיהוֹנָתָן בְּנוֹ וגו', מַהוּ (שמואל ב כא, יד): בְּצֵלָע בְּקֶבֶר קִישׁ אָבִיו, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהֱבִיאוּהוּ לִגְבוּל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם וּקְבָרוּהוּ שָׁם, וְצֵלָע הִיא בְּצַד יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יהושע יח, כח): וְצֵלַע הָאֶלֶף וְהַיְבוּסִי הִיא יְרוּשָׁלָיִם וגו'. (שמואל ב כא, יד): וַיַּעֲשׂוּ כֹּל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה הַמֶּלֶךְ, וּמַה צִּוָּה הַמֶּלֶךְ, צִוָּה לִהְיוֹת מַעֲבִירִים אֲרוֹנוֹ שֶׁל שָׁאוּל בְּכָל שֵׁבֶט וְשֵׁבֶט וְהָיָה הַשֵּׁבֶט שֶׁהָיָה נִכְנַס בּוֹ אֲרוֹנוֹ שֶׁל שָׁאוּל יוֹצְאִים הֵם וּנְשֵׁיהֶם וּבְנֵיהֶם וּבְנוֹתֵיהֶם וְגוֹמְלִים חֶסֶד עִם שָׁאוּל וּבָנָיו, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצְאוּ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל יְדֵי חוֹבָתָן בִּגְמִילוּת חֲסָדִים, עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ לְאֶרֶץ אֲחֻזָּתוֹ לִגְבוּל יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁגָּמְלוּ לוֹ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל חֶסֶד וְעָשׂוּ דִּינָם שֶׁל גִּבְעוֹנִים, מִיָּד נִתְמַלֵּא רַחֲמִים וְנָתַן מָטָר עַל הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל ב כא, יד): וַיֵּעָתֵר אֱלֹהִים לָאָרֶץ אַחֲרֵי כֵן, הָא לָמַדְנוּ כַּמָּה קֵרַב הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת הָרְחוֹקִים, אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ שֶׁלֹא לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר עַל גֵּרֵי הַצֶּדֶק, הֱוֵי: יוֹדוּךָ ה' כָּל מַלְכֵי אָרֶץ וגו'. | 8.4. ... “And David went and he took the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son from the men of Jabesh- gilead… And he brought up from there the bones of Saul and the bones of Jonathan his son…” (Shmuel II 21:12-13) What did David do? He went and gathered all the elders and great ones of Israel, crossed the Jordan River, and came to Yavesh-gilead. He found the bones of Shaul and his son Yonatan, placed them in a casket and crossed back over the Jordan, as it says “And they buried the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son in the country of Benjamin in Zela, in the tomb of Kish his father and they did all that the king commanded…” (Shmuel II 21:14) What does ‘in Zela, in the tomb of Kish his father’ mean? It comes to teach us that they brought them to the border of Jerusalem and buried them there. Zela is next to Jerusalem, as it says “And Zelah, Eleph, and the Jebusite, which is Jerusalem…” (Yehoshua 18:28) ‘and they did all that the king commanded’ And what did the king command? He commanded that they carry Shaul’s casket from tribe to tribe. As Shaul’s casket entered each tribe’s territory all the men, women and children came out in order to perform an act of loving kindness to Shaul and his sons and thereby all of Israel would fulfill its obligation to loving kindness. This went on until they reached the land of his portion on the border of Jerusalem. Since the Holy One saw that they did loving kindness to Shaul and fulfilled the judgement of the Givonites He was immediately filled with mercy and sent rain upon the land, as it says “And God was entreated for the land after that.” (Shmuel II 21:14) From this we learn how close the Holy One brings those that are far away, even though they converted not for the sake of heaven. There is no need to even mention how he draws near righteous converts, “O Lord, all the kings of the earth will acknowledge You…” (Tehillim 138:4)" |
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69. Ephrem, Prose Refutations, 1.44.20-49.3 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
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70. Ephrem, Hymns Against The Heresies, 35-36, 34 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
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71. Epiphanius, Panarion, 42.7.3-42.7.6, 42.12.3 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
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72. Adamantius, Dialogue of Adamantius, 84.20, 98.2, 104.6
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73. Anon., 4 Ezra, 6.56, 7.92
| 6.56. As for the other nations which have descended from Adam, thou hast said that they are nothing, and that they are like spittle, and thou hast compared their abundance to a drop from a bucket. 7.92. The first order, because they have striven with great effort to overcome the evil thought which was formed with them, that it might not lead them astray from life into death. |
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74. Anon., Letter of Aristeas, 135, 139, 134
| 134. he would not escape detection, for he made it clear that the power of God pervaded the whole of the law. |
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75. Epigraphy, I.Ephesos, 669
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