1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 6.4 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 6.4. שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ יְהוָה אֶחָד׃ | 6.4. HEAR, O ISRAEL: THE LORD OUR GOD, THE LORD IS ONE." |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Joel, 4.13 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 4.13. שִׁלְחוּ מַגָּל כִּי בָשַׁל קָצִיר בֹּאוּ רְדוּ כִּי־מָלְאָה גַּת הֵשִׁיקוּ הַיְקָבִים כִּי רַבָּה רָעָתָם׃ | 4.13. Put ye in the sickle, For the harvest is ripe; Come, tread ye, For the winepress is full, the vats overflow; For their wickedness is great." |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 24.17 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 24.17. אֶרְאֶנּוּ וְלֹא עַתָּה אֲשׁוּרֶנּוּ וְלֹא קָרוֹב דָּרַךְ כּוֹכָב מִיַּעֲקֹב וְקָם שֵׁבֶט מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל וּמָחַץ פַּאֲתֵי מוֹאָב וְקַרְקַר כָּל־בְּנֵי־שֵׁת׃ | 24.17. I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not nigh; There shall step forth a star out of Jacob, And a scepter shall rise out of Israel, And shall smite through the corners of Moab, And break down all the sons of Seth." |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 2.9, 110.6 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 2.9. תְּרֹעֵם בְּשֵׁבֶט בַּרְזֶל כִּכְלִי יוֹצֵר תְּנַפְּצֵם׃ 110.6. יָדִין בַּגּוֹיִם מָלֵא גְוִיּוֹת מָחַץ רֹאשׁ עַל־אֶרֶץ רַבָּה׃ | 2.9. Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel.'" 110.6. He will judge among the nations; He filleth it with the dead bodies, He crusheth the head over a wide land." |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 49.2, 63.1-63.6 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 49.2. עוֹד יֹאמְרוּ בְאָזְנַיִךְ בְּנֵי שִׁכֻּלָיִךְ צַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם גְּשָׁה־לִּי וְאֵשֵׁבָה׃ 49.2. וַיָּשֶׂם פִּי כְּחֶרֶב חַדָּה בְּצֵל יָדוֹ הֶחְבִּיאָנִי וַיְשִׂימֵנִי לְחֵץ בָּרוּר בְּאַשְׁפָּתוֹ הִסְתִּירָנִי׃ 63.1. וְהֵמָּה מָרוּ וְעִצְּבוּ אֶת־רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֹ וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֹיֵב הוּא נִלְחַם־בָּם׃ 63.1. מִי־זֶה בָּא מֵאֱדוֹם חֲמוּץ בְּגָדִים מִבָּצְרָה זֶה הָדוּר בִּלְבוּשׁוֹ צֹעֶה בְּרֹב כֹּחוֹ אֲנִי מְדַבֵּר בִּצְדָקָה רַב לְהוֹשִׁיעַ׃ 63.2. מַדּוּעַ אָדֹם לִלְבוּשֶׁךָ וּבְגָדֶיךָ כְּדֹרֵךְ בְּגַת׃ 63.3. פּוּרָה דָּרַכְתִּי לְבַדִּי וּמֵעַמִּים אֵין־אִישׁ אִתִּי וְאֶדְרְכֵם בְּאַפִּי וְאֶרְמְסֵם בַּחֲמָתִי וְיֵז נִצְחָם עַל־בְּגָדַי וְכָל־מַלְבּוּשַׁי אֶגְאָלְתִּי׃ 63.4. כִּי יוֹם נָקָם בְּלִבִּי וּשְׁנַת גְּאוּלַי בָּאָה׃ 63.5. וְאַבִּיט וְאֵין עֹזֵר וְאֶשְׁתּוֹמֵם וְאֵין סוֹמֵךְ וַתּוֹשַׁע לִי זְרֹעִי וַחֲמָתִי הִיא סְמָכָתְנִי׃ 63.6. וְאָבוּס עַמִּים בְּאַפִּי וַאֲשַׁכְּרֵם בַּחֲמָתִי וְאוֹרִיד לָאָרֶץ נִצְחָם׃ | 49.2. And He hath made my mouth like a sharp sword, In the shadow of His hand hath He hid me; And He hath made me a polished shaft, In His quiver hath He concealed me;" 63.1. ’Who is this that cometh from Edom, with crimsoned garments from Bozrah? This that is glorious in his apparel, stately in the greatness of his strength?’— ’I that speak in victory, mighty to save.’—" 63.2. ’Wherefore is Thine apparel red, and Thy garments like his that treadeth in the winevat?’—" 63.3. ’I have trodden the winepress alone, and of the peoples there was no man with Me; yea, I trod them in Mine anger, and trampled them in My fury; and their lifeblood is dashed against My garments, and I have stained all My raiment." 63.4. For the day of vengeance that was in My heart, and My year of redemption are come." 63.5. And I looked, and there was none to help, and I beheld in astonishment, and there was none to uphold; therefore Mine own arm brought salvation unto Me, And My fury, it upheld Me." 63.6. And I trod down the peoples in Mine anger, and made them drunk with My fury, and I poured out their lifeblood on the earth.’" |
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6. Hebrew Bible, 1 Chronicles, 21.15, 21.17 (5th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 21.15. וַיִּשְׁלַח הָאֱלֹהִים מַלְאָךְ לִירוּשָׁלִַם לְהַשְׁחִיתָהּ וּכְהַשְׁחִית רָאָה יְהוָה וַיִּנָּחֶם עַל־הָרָעָה וַיֹּאמֶר לַמַּלְאָךְ הַמַּשְׁחִית רַב עַתָּה הֶרֶף יָדֶךָ וּמַלְאַךְ יְהוָה עֹמֵד עִם־גֹּרֶן אָרְנָן הַיְבוּסִי׃ 21.17. וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִיד אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים הֲלֹא אֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי לִמְנוֹת בָּעָם וַאֲנִי־הוּא אֲשֶׁר־חָטָאתִי וְהָרֵעַ הֲרֵעוֹתִי וְאֵלֶּה הַצֹּאן מֶה עָשׂוּ יְהוָה אֱלֹהַי תְּהִי נָא יָדְךָ בִּי וּבְבֵית אָבִי וּבְעַמְּךָ לֹא לְמַגֵּפָה׃ | 21.15. And God sent an angel unto Jerusalem to destroy it; and as he was about to destroy, the LORD beheld, and He repented Him of the evil, and said to the destroying angel: ‘It is enough; now stay thy hand.’ And the angel of the LORD was standing by the threshing-floor of Or the Jebusite." 21.17. And David said unto God: ‘Is it not I that commanded the people to be numbered? even I it is that have sinned and done very wickedly; but these sheep, what have they done? let Thy hand, I pray Thee, O LORD my God, be against me, and against my father’s house; but not against Thy people, that they should be plagued.’" |
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7. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 12.16 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 12.16. They took the city by the will of God, and slaughtered untold numbers, so that the adjoining lake, a quarter of a mile wide, appeared to be running over with blood.' |
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8. Septuagint, Judith, 6.4 (2nd cent. BCE - 0th cent. CE)
| 6.4. We will burn them up, and their mountains will be drunk with their blood, and their fields will be full of their dead. They cannot withstand us, but will utterly perish. So says King Nebuchadnezzar, the lord of the whole earth. For he has spoken; none of his words shall be in vain. |
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9. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 1.1, 7.26 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 1.1. Love righteousness, you rulers of the earth,think of the Lord with uprightness,and seek him with sincerity of heart; 7.26. For she is a reflection of eternal light,a spotless mirror of the working of God,and an image of his goodness. |
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10. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, 7.132-7.157 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 7.132. 5. Now it is impossible to describe the multitude of the shows as they deserve, and the magnificence of them all; such indeed as a man could not easily think of as performed, either by the labor of workmen, or the variety of riches, or the rarities of nature; 7.133. for almost all such curiosities as the most happy men ever get by piecemeal were here one heaped on another, and those both admirable and costly in their nature; and all brought together on that day demonstrated the vastness of the dominions of the Romans; 7.134. for there was here to be seen a mighty quantity of silver, and gold, and ivory, contrived into all sorts of things, and did not appear as carried along in pompous show only, but, as a man may say, running along like a river. Some parts were composed of the rarest purple hangings, and so carried along; and others accurately represented to the life what was embroidered by the arts of the Babylonians. 7.135. There were also precious stones that were transparent, some set in crowns of gold, and some in other ouches, as the workmen pleased; and of these such a vast number were brought, that we could not but thence learn how vainly we imagined any of them to be rarities. 7.136. The images of the gods were also carried, being as well wonderful for their largeness, as made very artificially, and with great skill of the workmen; nor were any of these images of any other than very costly materials; and many species of animals were brought, every one in their own natural ornaments. 7.137. The men also who brought every one of these shows were great multitudes, and adorned with purple garments, all over interwoven with gold; those that were chosen for carrying these pompous shows having also about them such magnificent ornaments as were both extraordinary and surprising. 7.138. Besides these, one might see that even the great number of the captives was not unadorned, while the variety that was in their garments, and their fine texture, concealed from the sight the deformity of their bodies. 7.139. But what afforded the greatest surprise of all was the structure of the pageants that were borne along; for indeed he that met them could not but be afraid that the bearers would not be able firmly enough to support them, such was their magnitude; 7.141. for upon many of them were laid carpets of gold. There was also wrought gold and ivory fastened about them all; 7.142. and many resemblances of the war, and those in several ways, and variety of contrivances, affording a most lively portraiture of itself. 7.143. For there was to be seen a happy country laid waste, and entire squadrons of enemies slain; while some of them ran away, and some were carried into captivity; with walls of great altitude and magnitude overthrown and ruined by machines; with the strongest fortifications taken, and the walls of most populous cities upon the tops of hills seized on 7.144. and an army pouring itself within the walls; as also every place full of slaughter, and supplications of the enemies, when they were no longer able to lift up their hands in way of opposition. Fire also sent upon temples was here represented, and houses overthrown, and falling upon their owners: 7.145. rivers also, after they came out of a large and melancholy desert, ran down, not into a land cultivated, nor as drink for men, or for cattle, but through a land still on fire upon every side; for the Jews related that such a thing they had undergone during this war. 7.146. Now the workmanship of these representations was so magnificent and lively in the construction of the things, that it exhibited what had been done to such as did not see it, as if they had been there really present. 7.147. On the top of every one of these pageants was placed the commander of the city that was taken, and the manner wherein he was taken. Moreover, there followed those pageants a great number of ships; 7.148. and for the other spoils, they were carried in great plenty. But for those that were taken in the temple of Jerusalem, they made the greatest figure of them all; that is, the golden table, of the weight of many talents; the candlestick also, that was made of gold, though its construction were now changed from that which we made use of; 7.149. for its middle shaft was fixed upon a basis, and the small branches were produced out of it to a great length, having the likeness of a trident in their position, and had every one a socket made of brass for a lamp at the tops of them. These lamps were in number seven, and represented the dignity of the number seven among the Jews; 7.151. After these spoils passed by a great many men, carrying the images of Victory, whose structure was entirely either of ivory or of gold. 7.152. After which Vespasian marched in the first place, and Titus followed him; Domitian also rode along with them, and made a glorious appearance, and rode on a horse that was worthy of admiration. 7.153. 6. Now the last part of this pompous show was at the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, whither when they were come, they stood still; for it was the Romans’ ancient custom to stay till somebody brought the news that the general of the enemy was slain. 7.154. This general was Simon, the son of Gioras, who had then been led in this triumph among the captives; a rope had also been put upon his head, and he had been drawn into a proper place in the forum, and had withal been tormented by those that drew him along; and the law of the Romans required that malefactors condemned to die should be slain there. 7.155. Accordingly, when it was related that there was an end of him, and all the people had sent up a shout for joy, they then began to offer those sacrifices which they had consecrated, in the prayers used in such solemnities; which when they had finished, they went away to the palace. 7.156. And as for some of the spectators, the emperors entertained them at their own feast; and for all the rest there were noble preparations made for their feasting at home; 7.157. for this was a festival day to the city of Rome, as celebrated for the victory obtained by their army over their enemies, for the end that was now put to their civil miseries, and for the commencement of their hopes of future prosperity and happiness. |
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11. New Testament, 1 Peter, 1.19 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.19. but with precious blood, as of a lamb without spot, the blood of Christ; |
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12. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 5.7, 8.6 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 5.7. Purge out the old yeast, that you may bea new lump, even as you are unleavened. For indeed Christ, ourPassover, has been sacrificed in our place. 8.6. yet to us there is one God, the Father, of whom are allthings, and we for him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom areall things, and we live through him. |
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13. New Testament, Acts, 2.2-2.3, 3.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 2.2. Suddenly there came from the sky a sound like the rushing of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. 2.3. Tongues like fire appeared and were distributed to them, and it sat on each one of them. 3.2. A certain man who was lame from his mother's womb was being carried, whom they laid daily at the door of the temple which is called Beautiful, to ask gifts for the needy of those who entered into the temple. |
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14. New Testament, Apocalypse, 1.13-1.16, 1.20, 2.5-2.7, 2.10-2.11, 2.16-2.17, 2.22-2.29, 3.3, 3.5, 3.9-3.12, 3.14, 3.16, 3.18, 3.20-3.22, 5.8-5.10, 6.9-6.17, 7.3-7.17, 9.20-9.21, 11.9-11.14, 11.17-11.18, 12.5, 12.7-12.12, 12.17, 14.1-14.20, 16.2-16.21, 17.1-17.18, 18.2-18.3, 18.9-18.24, 19.1-19.3, 19.6-19.8, 19.11-19.12, 19.14-19.21, 20.4-20.15, 21.4, 21.7-21.8, 21.27, 22.3-22.5, 22.14, 22.18-22.19 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.13. And in the midst of the lampstands was one like a son of man, clothed with a robe reaching down to his feet, and with a golden sash around his chest. 1.14. His head and his hair were white as white wool, like snow. His eyes were like a flame of fire. 1.15. His feet were like burnished brass, as if it had been refined in a furnace. His voice was like the voice of many waters. 1.16. He had seven stars in his right hand. Out of his mouth proceeded a sharp two-edged sword. His face was like the sun shining at its brightest. 1.20. the mystery of the seven stars which you saw in my right hand, and the seven golden lampstands. The seven stars are the angels of the seven assemblies. The seven lampstands are seven assemblies. 2.5. Remember therefore from where you have fallen, and repent and do the first works; or else I am coming to you swiftly, and will move your lampstand out of its place, unless you repent. 2.6. But this you have, that you hate the works of the Nicolaitans, which I also hate. 2.7. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies. To him who overcomes I will give to eat of the tree of life, which is in the Paradise of my God. 2.10. Don't be afraid of the things which you are about to suffer. Behold, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested; and you will have oppression for ten days. Be faithful to death, and I will give you the crown of life. 2.11. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies. He who overcomes won't be harmed by the second death. 2.16. Repent therefore, or else I am coming to you quickly, and I will make war against them with the sword of my mouth. 2.17. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies. To him who overcomes, to him I will give of the hidden manna, and I will give him a white stone, and on the stone a new name written, which no one knows but he who receives it. 2.22. Behold, I will throw her into a bed, and those who commit adultery with her into great oppression, unless they repent of her works. 2.23. I will kill her children with Death, and all the assemblies will know that I am he who searches the minds and hearts. I will give to each one of you according to your deeds. 2.24. But to you I say, to the rest who are in Thyatira, as many as don't have this teaching, who don't know what some call 'the deep things of Satan,' to you I say, I am not putting any other burden on you. 2.25. Nevertheless that which you have, hold firmly until I come. 2.26. He who overcomes, and he who keeps my works to the end, to him I will give authority over the nations. 2.27. He will rule them with a rod of iron, shattering them like clay pots; as I also have received of my Father: 2.28. and I will give him the morning star. 2.29. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies. 3.3. Remember therefore how you have received and heard. Keep it, and repent. If therefore you won't watch, I will come as a thief, and you won't know what hour I will come upon you. 3.5. He who overcomes will be arrayed in white garments, and I will in no way blot his name out of the book of life, and I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels. 3.9. Behold, I give of the synagogue of Satan, of those who say they are Jews, and they are not, but lie. Behold, I will make them to come and worship before your feet, and to know that I have loved you. 3.10. Because you kept the word of my patience, I also will keep you from the hour of testing, that which is to come on the whole world, to test those who dwell on the earth. 3.11. I come quickly. Hold firmly that which you have, so that no one takes your crown. 3.12. He who overcomes, I will make him a pillar in the temple of my God, and he will go out from there no more. I will write on him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, the new Jerusalem, which comes down out of heaven from my God, and my own new name. 3.14. To the angel of the assembly in Laodicea write: "The Amen, the Faithful and True Witness, the Head of God's creation, says these things: 3.16. So, because you are lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will vomit you out of my mouth. 3.18. I counsel you to buy from me gold refined by fire, that you may become rich; and white garments, that you may clothe yourself, and that the shame of your nakedness may not be revealed; and eye salve to anoint your eyes, that you may see. 3.20. Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, then I will come in to him, and will dine with him, and he with me. 3.21. He who overcomes, I will give to him to sit down with me on my throne, as I also overcame, and sat down with my Father on his throne. 3.22. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies. 5.8. Now when he had taken the book, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders fell down before the Lamb, each one having a harp, and golden bowls full of incense, which are the prayers of the saints. 5.9. They sang a new song, saying, "You are worthy to take the book, And to open its seals: For you were killed, And bought us for God with your blood, Out of every tribe, language, people, and nation 5.10. And made them kings and priests to our God, And they reign on earth. 6.9. When he opened the fifth seal, I saw underneath the altar the souls of those who had been killed for the Word of God, and for the testimony of the Lamb which they had. 6.10. They cried with a loud voice, saying, "How long, Master, the holy and true, do you not judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth? 6.11. A long white robe was given them. They were told that they should rest yet for a while, until their fellow servants and their brothers, who would also be killed even as they were, completed their course. 6.12. I saw when he opened the sixth seal, and there was a great earthquake. The sun became black as sackcloth made of hair, and the whole moon became as blood. 6.13. The stars of the sky fell to the earth, like a fig tree dropping its unripe figs when it is shaken by a great wind. 6.14. The sky was removed like a scroll when it is rolled up. Every mountain and island were moved out of their places. 6.15. The kings of the earth, the princes, the commanding officers, the rich, the strong, and every slave and free person, hid themselves in the caves and in the rocks of the mountains. 6.16. They told the mountains and the rocks, "Fall on us, and hide us from the face of him who sits on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb 6.17. for the great day of his wrath has come; and who is able to stand? 7.3. saying, "Don't harm the earth, neither the sea, nor the trees, until we have sealed the bondservants of our God on their foreheads! 7.4. I heard the number of those who were sealed, one hundred forty-four thousand, sealed out of every tribe of the children of Israel: 7.5. of the tribe of Judah were sealed twelve thousand, of the tribe of Reuben twelve thousand, of the tribe of Gad twelve thousand 7.6. of the tribe of Asher twelve thousand, of the tribe of Naphtali twelve thousand, of the tribe of Manasseh twelve thousand 7.7. of the tribe of Simeon twelve thousand, of the tribe of Levi twelve thousand, of the tribe of Issachar twelve thousand 7.8. of the tribe of Zebulun twelve thousand, of the tribe of Joseph twelve thousand, of the tribe of Benjamin were sealed twelve thousand. 7.9. After these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude, which no man could number, out of every nation and of all tribes, peoples, and languages, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, dressed in white robes, with palm branches in their hands. 7.10. They cried with a loud voice, saying, "Salvation be to our God, who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb! 7.11. All the angels were standing around the throne, the elders, and the four living creatures; and they fell before his throne on their faces, and worshiped God 7.12. saying, "Amen! Blessing, glory, wisdom, thanksgiving, honor, power, and might, be to our God forever and ever! Amen. 7.13. One of the elders answered, saying to me, "These who are arrayed in white robes, who are they, and where did they come from? 7.14. I told him, "My lord, you know."He said to me, "These are those who came out of the great tribulation. They washed their robes, and made them white in the Lamb's blood. 7.15. Therefore they are before the throne of God, they serve him day and night in his temple. He who sits on the throne will spread his tent over them. 7.16. They will never be hungry, neither thirsty any more; neither will the sun beat on them, nor any heat; 7.17. for the Lamb who is in the midst of the throne shepherds them, and leads them to living springs of waters. God will wipe away every tear from their eyes. 9.20. The rest of mankind, who were not killed with these plagues, didn't repent of the works of their hands, that they wouldn't worship demons, and the idols of gold, and of silver, and of brass, and of stone, and of wood; which can neither see, nor hear, nor walk. 9.21. They didn't repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their sexual immorality, nor of their thefts. 11.9. From among the peoples, tribes, languages, and nations people will look at their dead bodies for three and a half days, and will not allow their dead bodies to be laid in a tomb. 11.10. Those who dwell on the earth rejoice over them, and they will be glad. They will give gifts to one another, because these two prophets tormented those who dwell on the earth. 11.11. After the three and a half days, the breath of life from God entered into them, and they stood on their feet. Great fear fell on those who saw them. 11.12. I heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them, "Come up here!" They went up into heaven in the cloud, and their enemies saw them. 11.13. In that day there was a great earthquake, and a tenth of the city fell. Seven thousand people were killed in the earthquake, and the rest were terrified, and gave glory to the God of heaven. 11.14. The second woe is past. Behold, the third woe comes quickly. 11.17. saying: "We give you thanks, Lord God, the Almighty, the one who is and who was; because you have taken your great power, and reigned. 11.18. The nations were angry, and your wrath came, as did the time for the dead to be judged, and to give your servants the prophets, their reward, as well as the saints, and those who fear your name, the small and the great; and to destroy those who destroy the earth. 12.5. She gave birth to a son, a male child, who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron. Her child was caught up to God, and to his throne. 12.7. There was war in the sky. Michael and his angels made war on the dragon. The dragon and his angels made war. 12.8. They didn't prevail, neither was a place found for him any more in heaven. 12.9. The great dragon was thrown down, the old serpent, he who is called the devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world. He was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. 12.10. I heard a loud voice in heaven, saying, "Now is come the salvation, the power, and the Kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ; for the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down, who accuses them before our God day and night. 12.11. They overcame him because of the Lamb's blood, and because of the word of their testimony. They didn't love their life, even to death. 12.12. Therefore rejoice, heavens, and you who dwell in them. Woe to the earth and to the sea, because the devil has gone down to you, having great wrath, knowing that he has but a short time. 12.17. The dragon grew angry with the woman, and went away to make war with the rest of her seed, who keep God's commandments and hold Jesus' testimony. 14.1. I saw, and behold, the Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with him a number, one hundred forty-four thousand, having his name, and the name of his Father, written on their foreheads. 14.2. I heard a sound from heaven, like the sound of many waters, and like the sound of a great thunder. The sound which I heard was like that of harpers playing on their harps. 14.3. They sing a new song before the throne, and before the four living creatures and the elders. No one could learn the song except the one hundred forty-four thousand, those who had been redeemed out of the earth. 14.4. These are those who were not defiled with women, for they are virgins. These are those who follow the Lamb wherever he goes. These were redeemed by Jesus from among men, the first fruits to God and to the Lamb. 14.5. In their mouth was found no lie, for they are blameless. 14.6. I saw an angel flying in mid heaven, having an eternal gospel to proclaim to those who dwell on the earth, and to every nation, tribe, language, and people. 14.7. He said with a loud voice, "Fear the Lord, and give him glory; for the hour of his judgment has come. Worship him who made the heaven, the earth, the sea, and the springs of waters! 14.8. Another, a second angel, followed, saying, "Babylon the great has fallen, which has made all the nations to drink of the wine of the wrath of her sexual immorality. 14.9. Another angel, a third, followed them, saying with a great voice, "If anyone worships the beast and his image, and receives a mark on his forehead, or on his hand 14.10. he also will drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is prepared unmixed in the cup of his anger. He will be tormented with fire and sulfur in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb. 14.11. The smoke of their torment goes up forever and ever. They have no rest day and night, those who worship the beast and his image, and whoever receives the mark of his name. 14.12. Here is the patience of the saints, those who keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus. 14.13. I heard the voice from heaven saying, "Write, 'Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on.'""Yes," says the Spirit, "that they may rest from their labors; for their works follow with them. 14.14. I looked, and behold, a white cloud; and on the cloud one sitting like a son of man, having on his head a golden crown, and in his hand a sharp sickle. 14.15. Another angel came out from the temple, crying with a loud voice to him who sat on the cloud, "Send forth your sickle, and reap; for the hour to reap has come; for the harvest of the earth is ripe! 14.16. He who sat on the cloud thrust his sickle on the earth, and the earth was reaped. 14.17. Another angel came out from the temple which is in heaven. He also had a sharp sickle. 14.18. Another angel came out from the altar, he who has power over fire, and he called with a great voice to him who had the sharp sickle, saying, "Send forth your sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth, for the earth's grapes are fully ripe! 14.19. The angel thrust his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vintage of the earth, and threw it into the great winepress of the wrath of God. 14.20. The winepress was trodden outside of the city, and blood came out from the winepress, even to the bridles of the horses, as far as one thousand six hundred stadia. 16.2. The first went, and poured out his bowl into the earth, and it became a harmful and evil sore on the men who had the mark of the beast, and who worshiped his image. 16.3. The second angel poured out his bowl into the sea, and it became blood as of a dead man. Every living thing in the sea died. 16.4. The third poured out his bowl into the rivers and springs of water, and it became blood. 16.5. I heard the angel of the waters saying, "You are righteous, who are and who were, you Holy One, because you judged this way. 16.6. For they poured out the blood of the saints and the prophets, and you have given them blood to drink. They deserve this. 16.7. I heard the altar saying, "Yes, Lord God, the Almighty, true and righteous are your judgments. 16.8. The fourth poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was given to him to scorch men with fire. 16.9. People were scorched with great heat, and people blasphemed the name of God who has the power over these plagues. They didn't repent and give him glory. 16.10. The fifth poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast, and his kingdom was darkened. They gnawed their tongues because of the pain 16.11. and they blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores. They didn't repent of their works. 16.12. The sixth poured out his bowl on the great river, the Euphrates. Its water was dried up, that the way might be made ready for the kings that come from the sunrise. 16.13. I saw coming out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet, three unclean spirits, something like frogs; 16.14. for they are spirits of demons, performing signs; which go forth to the kings of the whole inhabited earth, to gather them together for the war of that great day of God, the Almighty. 16.15. Behold, I come like a thief. Blessed is he who watches, and keeps his clothes, so that he doesn't walk naked, and they see his shame. 16.16. He gathered them together into the place which is called in Hebrew, Megiddo. 16.17. The seventh poured out his bowl into the air. A loud voice came forth out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, saying, "It is done! 16.18. There were lightnings, sounds, and thunders; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since there were men on the earth, so great an earthquake, so mighty. 16.19. The great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell. Babylon the great was remembered in the sight of God, to give to her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath. 16.20. Every island fled away, and the mountains were not found. 16.21. Great hailstones, about the weight of a talent, came down out of the sky on men. Men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail, for this plague is exceedingly severe. 17.1. One of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke with me, saying, "Come here. I will show you the judgment of the great prostitute who sits on many waters 17.2. with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality, and those who dwell in the earth were made drunken with the wine of her sexual immorality. 17.3. He carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness. I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet-colored animal, full of blasphemous names, having seven heads and ten horns. 17.4. The woman was dressed in purple and scarlet, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having in her hand a golden cup full of abominations and the impurities of the sexual immorality of the earth. 17.5. And on her forehead a name was written, "MYSTERY, BABYLON THE GREAT, THE MOTHER OF THE PROSTITUTES AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH. 17.6. I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. When I saw her, I wondered with great amazement. 17.7. The angel said to me, "Why do you wonder? I will tell you the mystery of the woman, and of the beast that carries her, which has the seven heads and the ten horns. 17.8. The beast that you saw was, and is not; and is about to come up out of the abyss, and to go into destruction. Those who dwell on the earth will wonder, whose name has not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they see that the beast was, and is not, and will pe present. 17.9. Here is the mind that has wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sits. 17.10. They are seven kings. Five have fallen, the one is, the other has not yet come. When he comes, he must continue a little while. 17.11. The beast that was, and is not, is himself also an eighth, and is of the seven; and he goes to destruction. 17.12. The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have received no kingdom as yet, but they receive authority as kings, with the beast, for one hour. 17.13. These have one mind, and they give their power and authority to the beast. 17.14. These will war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings. They also will overcome who are with him, called and chosen and faithful. 17.15. He said to me, "The waters which you saw, where the prostitute sits, are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages. 17.16. The ten horns which you saw, and the beast, these will hate the prostitute, and will make her desolate, and will make her naked, and will eat her flesh, and will burn her utterly with fire. 17.17. For God has put in their hearts to do what he has in mind, and to come to unity of mind, and to give their kingdom to the beast, until the words of God should be accomplished. 17.18. The woman whom you saw is the great city, which reigns over the kings of the earth. 18.2. He cried with a mighty voice, saying, "Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great, and has become a habitation of demons, and a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean and hateful bird! 18.3. For all the nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her sexual immorality, the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality with her, and the merchants of the earth grew rich from the abundance of her luxury. 18.9. The kings of the earth, who committed sexual immorality and lived wantonly with her, will weep and wail over her, when they look at the smoke of her burning 18.10. standing far away for the fear of her torment, saying, 'Woe, woe, the great city, Babylon, the strong city! For your judgment has come in one hour.' 18.11. The merchants of the earth weep and mourn over her, for no one buys their merchandise any more; 18.12. merchandise of gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple, silk, scarlet, all expensive wood, every vessel of ivory, every vessel made of most precious wood, and of brass, and iron, and marble; 18.13. and cinnamon, incense, perfume, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, wheat, sheep, horses, chariots, bodies, and people's souls. 18.14. The fruits which your soul lusted after have been lost to you, and all things that were dainty and sumptuous have perished from you, and you will find them no more at all. 18.15. The merchants of these things, who were made rich by her, will stand far away for the fear of her torment, weeping and mourning; 18.16. saying, 'Woe, woe, the great city, she who was dressed in fine linen, purple, and scarlet, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls! 18.17. For in an hour such great riches are made desolate.' Every shipmaster, and everyone who sails anywhere, and mariners, and as many as gain their living by sea, stood far away 18.18. and cried out as they looked at the smoke of her burning, saying, 'What is like the great city?' 18.19. They cast dust on their heads, and cried, weeping and mourning, saying, 'Woe, woe, the great city, in which all who had their ships in the sea were made rich by reason of her great wealth!' For in one hour is she made desolate. 18.20. Rejoice over her, O heaven, you saints, apostles, and prophets; for God has judged your judgment on her. 18.21. A mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone and cast it into the sea, saying, "Thus with violence will Babylon, the great city, be thrown down, and will be found no more at all. 18.22. The voice of harpers and minstrels and flute players and trumpeters will be heard no more at all in you. No craftsman, of whatever craft, will be found any more at all in you. The sound of a mill will be heard no more at all in you. 18.23. The light of a lamp will shine no more at all in you. The voice of the bridegroom and of the bride will be heard no more at all in you; for your merchants were the princes of the earth; for with your sorcery all the nations were deceived. 18.24. In her was found the blood of prophets and of saints, and of all who have been slain on the earth. 19.1. After these things I heard something like a loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying, "Hallelujah! Salvation, power, and glory belong to our God: 19.2. for true and righteous are his judgments. For he has judged the great prostitute, her who corrupted the earth with her sexual immorality, and he has avenged the blood of his servants at her hand. 19.3. A second said, "Hallelujah! Her smoke goes up forever and ever. 19.6. I heard something like the voice of a great multitude, and like the voice of many waters, and like the voice of mighty thunders, saying, "Hallelujah! For the Lord our God, the Almighty, reigns! 19.7. Let us rejoice and be exceedingly glad, and let us give the glory to him. For the marriage of the Lamb has come, and his wife has made herself ready. 19.8. It was given to her that she would array herself in bright, pure, fine linen: for the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints. 19.11. I saw the heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and he who sat on it is called Faithful and True. In righteousness he judges and makes war. 19.12. His eyes are a flame of fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has names written and a name written which no one knows but he himself. 19.14. The armies which are in heaven followed him on white horses, clothed in white, pure, fine linen. 19.15. Out of his mouth proceeds a sharp, double-edged sword, that with it he should strike the nations. He will rule them with a rod of iron. He treads the winepress of the fierceness of the wrath of God, the Almighty. 19.16. He has on his garment and on his thigh a name written, "KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS. 19.17. I saw an angel standing in the sun. He cried with a loud voice, saying to all the birds that fly in the sky, "Come! Be gathered together to the great supper of God 19.18. that you may eat the flesh of kings, the flesh of captains, the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses and of those who sit on them, and the flesh of all men, both free and slave, and small and great. 19.19. I saw the beast, and the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against him who sat on the horse, and against his army. 19.20. The beast was taken, and with him the false prophet who worked the signs in his sight, with which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. They two were thrown alive into the lake of fire that burns with sulfur. 19.21. The rest were killed with the sword of him who sat on the horse, the sword which came forth out of his mouth. All the birds were filled with their flesh. 20.4. I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them. I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus, and for the word of God, and such as didn't worship the beast nor his image, and didn't receive the mark on their forehead and on their hand. They lived, and reigned with Christ for the thousand years. 20.5. The rest of the dead didn't live until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. 20.6. Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over these, the second death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and will reign with him one thousand years. 20.7. And after the thousand years, Satan will be released from his prison 20.8. and he will come out to deceive the nations which are in the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them together to the war; the number of whom is as the sand of the sea. 20.9. They went up over the breadth of the earth, and surrounded the camp of the saints, and the beloved city. Fire came down out of heaven from God, and devoured them. 20.10. The devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur, where the beast and the false prophet are also. They will be tormented day and night forever and ever. 20.11. I saw a great white throne, and him who sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away. There was found no place for them. 20.12. I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and they opened books. Another book was opened, which is the book of life. The dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works. 20.13. The sea gave up the dead who were in it. Death and Hades gave up the dead who were in them. They were judged, each one according to his works. 20.14. Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire. 20.15. If anyone was not found written in the book of life, he was cast into the lake of fire. 21.4. He will wipe away from them every tear from their eyes. Death will be no more; neither will there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain, any more. The first things have passed away. 21.7. He who overcomes, I will give him these things. I will be his God, and he will be my son. 21.8. But for the cowardly, unbelieving, sinners, abominable, murderers, sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their part is in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death. 21.27. There will in no way enter into it anything profane, or one who causes an abomination or a lie, but only those who are written in the Lamb's book of life. 22.3. There will be no curse any more. The throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and his servants serve him. 22.4. They will see his face, and his name will be on their foreheads. 22.5. There will be no night, and they need no lamp light; for the Lord God will illuminate them. They will reign forever and ever. 22.14. Blessed are those who do his commandments, that they may have the right to the tree of life, and may enter in by the gates into the city. 22.18. I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book, if anyone adds to them, may God add to him the plagues which are written in this book. 22.19. If anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, may God take away his part from the tree of life, and out of the holy city, which are written in this book. |
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15. New Testament, Ephesians, 6.17 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 6.17. And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God; |
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16. New Testament, Hebrews, 4.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 4.12. For the word of God is living, and active, and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing even to the dividing of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and is able to discern the thoughts and intentions of the heart. |
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17. New Testament, Romans, 11.25 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 11.25. For I don't desire, brothers, to have you ignorant of this mystery, so that you won't be wise in your own conceits, that a partial hardening has happened to Israel, until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in |
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18. New Testament, John, 1.1-1.18 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.1. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. 1.2. The same was in the beginning with God. 1.3. All things were made through him. Without him was not anything made that has been made. 1.4. In him was life, and the life was the light of men. 1.5. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness hasn't overcome it. 1.6. There came a man, sent from God, whose name was John. 1.7. The same came as a witness, that he might testify about the light, that all might believe through him. 1.8. He was not the light, but was sent that he might testify about the light. 1.9. The true light that enlightens everyone was coming into the world. 1.10. He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world didn't recognize him. 1.11. He came to his own, and those who were his own didn't receive him. 1.12. But as many as received him, to them he gave the right to become God's children, to those who believe in his name: 1.13. who were born not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. 1.14. The Word became flesh, and lived among us. We saw his glory, such glory as of the one and only Son of the Father, full of grace and truth. 1.15. John testified about him. He cried out, saying, "This was he of whom I said, 'He who comes after me has surpassed me, for he was before me.' 1.16. From his fullness we all received grace upon grace. 1.17. For the law was given through Moses. Grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. 1.18. No one has seen God at any time. The one and only Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he has declared him. |
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19. New Testament, Luke, 1.78-1.79 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.78. Because of the tender mercy of our God, Whereby the dawn from on high will visit us 1.79. To shine on those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death; To guide our feet into the way of peace. |
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20. New Testament, Matthew, 24.27 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 24.27. For as the lightning comes forth from the east, and is seen even to the west, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. |
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21. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 9.62 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
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22. Anon., Lamentations Rabbah, 2.4 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
| 2.4. בִּלַּע ה' וְלֹא חָמַל אֵת כָּל נְאוֹת יַעֲקֹב, רַבִּי פִּנְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא אָמַר אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת וּשְׁמוֹנִים בָּתֵּי כְנֵסִיּוֹת הָיוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, מִנְיַן (ישעיה א, כא): מְלֵאֲתִי מִשְׁפָּט, מְלֵתִי כְּתִיב, וְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד הָיָה לוֹ בֵּית סֵפֶר וּבֵית תַּלְמוּד, בֵּית סֵפֶר לְמִקְרָא, וּבֵית תַּלְמוּד לְמִשְׁנָה. דָּבָר אַחֵר, בִּלַּע ה' וְלֹא חָמַל אֵת כָּל נְאוֹת יַעֲקֹב, אֶת כָּל נְאוֹתָיו שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב, כְּגוֹן רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, וְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, וְרַבִּי יְשֵׁבָב, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בָּבָא, וְרַבִּי חוּצְפִּית הַמְתוּרְגְּמָן, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַנַּחְתּוֹם, וְרַבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בֶּן תְּרַדְיוֹן, וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, וּבֶן עֲזַאי, וְרַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. וְאִית דְּמַפְקִין רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן וּמְעַיְילִין רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר חַרְסְנָה. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הֲוָה דָּרֵשׁ שִׁיתִּין אַפִּין בְּבִּלַּע ה' וְלֹא חָמַל, וְרַבִּי הֲוָה דָּרֵישׁ עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה אַפִּין. וְלֹא דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן יַתִּיר עַל רַבִּי, אֶלָּא רַבִּי עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהָיָה סָמוּךְ לְחֻרְבַּן הַבַּיִת הָיָה נִזְכַּר וְהָיָה דּוֹרֵשׁ וּבוֹכֶה וּמִתְנַחֵם. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן רַבִּי הָיָה דוֹרֵשׁ (במדבר כד, יז): דָּרַךְ כּוֹכָב מִיַּעֲקֹב, אַל תִּקְרֵי כּוֹכָב אֶלָּא כּוֹזָב. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא כַּד הֲוָה חָמֵי לֵיהּ לְהָדֵין בַּר כּוֹזִיבָא הֲוָה אָמַר הַיְינוּ מַלְכָּא מְשִׁיחָא, אָמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן תּוֹרָתָא עֲקִיבָא יַעֲלוּ עֲשָׂבִים בִּלְחָיֶיךָ וַעֲדַיִן אֵינוֹ בָּא. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן (בראשית כז, כב): הַקֹּל קוֹל יַעֲקֹב, קוֹל אַדְרִיָּאנוּס קֵיסָר הָרַג בְּבֵיתָר שְׁמוֹנִים אֶלֶף רִבּוֹא בְּנֵי אָדָם וּשְׁמוֹנִים אֶלֶף תּוֹקְעֵי קְרָנוֹת הָיוּ צָרִין עַל בֵּיתָר, וְהָיָה שָׁם בֶּן כּוֹזִיבָא, וְהָיוּ לוֹ מָאתַיִם אֶלֶף מְקֻטָּעֵי אֶצְבַּע, שָׁלְחוּ לוֹ חֲכָמִים עַד מָתַי אַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין, אָמַר לָהֶם וְהֵיאַךְ יִבָּדְקוּ, אָמְרוּ לוֹ כָּל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹקֵר אֶרֶז מִלְּבָנוֹן אַל יִכָּתֵב בְּאִסְטְרַטְיָא שֶׁלְּךָ. וְהָיוּ לוֹ מָאתַיִם אֶלֶף מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן, וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיוּ יוֹצְאִין לַמִּלְחָמָה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים לָא תִסְעוֹד וְלָא תַסְכֵּיף, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים ס, יב): הֲלֹא אַתָּה אֱלֹהִים זְנַחְתָּנוּ וְלֹא תֵצֵא אֱלֹהִים בְּצִבְאוֹתֵינוּ. וּמֶה הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה בֶּן כּוֹזִיבָא, הָיָה מְקַבֵּל אַבְנֵי בַּלִּיסְטְרָא בְּאֶחָד מֵאַרְכּוּבוֹתָיו וְזוֹרְקָן וְהוֹרֵג מֵהֶן כַּמָּה נְפָשׁוֹת, וְעַל זֶה אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא כָּךְ. שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים וּמֶחֱצָה הִקִּיף אַדְרִיָאנוּס קֵיסָר לְבֵיתָר, וְהָיָה שָׁם רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר הַמּוֹדָעִי עָסוּק בְּשַׂקּוֹ וּבְתַעֲנִיתוֹ, וּבְכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם מִתְפַּלֵּל וְאוֹמֵר רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם אַל תֵּשֵׁב בַּדִּין הַיּוֹם. וּלְבַסּוֹף נָתַן דַּעְתּוֹ לַחֲזֹר, אֲתָא חַד כּוּתָאי וּמְצָאוֹ וְאָמַר לוֹ, אֲדוֹנִי, כָּל יוֹמִין דַּהֲדָא תַּרְנְגוֹלְתָּא מִתְגַּעְגַּע בְּקִיטְמָא לֵית אַתְּ כָּבֵישׁ לָהּ, אֶלָּא הַמְתֵּן לִי דַּאֲנָא עָבֵיד לָךְ דְּתַכְבְּשִׁנָּהּ יוֹמָא דֵין, מִיָּד עָלֵיל בֵּיהּ בְּבוּבֵיהּ דִּמְדִינְתָּא, וְאַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ לְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר דַּהֲוָה קָאֵים וּמַצְלֵי, עֲבַד גַּרְמֵיהּ לָחֵישׁ בְּאוּדְנֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר הַמּוֹדָעִי, אָזְלוּן וְאָמְרוּן לְבַר כוּזִיבָא חֲבִיבָךְ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בָּעֵי לְאַשְׁלָמָא מְדִינְתָּא עִם אַדְרִיָּאנוּס, שְׁלַח וְאַתְיֵיהּ לְהַהוּא כּוּתָאי אֲמַר לֵיהּ מַאי אֲמַרְתְּ לֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִין אֲנָא אָמַר לָךְ, מַלְכָּא קָטֵיל לֵיהּ לְהַהוּא גַבְרָא, וְאִין לֵית אֲנָא אָמַר לָךְ אַתְּ קָטֵיל לֵיהּ לְהַהוּא גַבְרָא, אֲבָל מוּטָב לִיקְטְלֵיהּ הַהוּא גַבְרָא לְגַרְמֵיהּ וְלָא תִתְפָּרְסִין מִיסְטֵירִין דְּמַלְכוּתָא. בֶּן כּוֹזִיבָא סָבַר בְּדַעְתֵּיהּ דִּבְעֵי לְאַשְׁלָמָא מְדִינְתָּא, כֵּיוָן דַּחֲסַל רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר צְלוֹתֵיהּ שְׁלַח וְאַיְיתֵיהּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ מָה אֲמַר לָךְ הָדֵין כּוּתָאי. אֲמַר לֵיהּ לֵית אֲנָא יָדַע מַה לְּחִישׁ לִי בְּאוּדְנָאי וְלָא שְׁמָעֵת לֵיהּ כְּלוּם דַּאֲנָא בִּצְלוֹתִי קָאֵימְנָא, וְלֵית אֲנָא יָדַע מָה הֲוָה אֲמַר. נִתְמַלֵּא רוּגְזֵיהּ לְבֶן כּוֹזִיבָא יְהַב לֵיהּ חַד בְּעִיטָא בְּרַגְלֵיהּ וְקָטְלֵיהּ, יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה (זכריה יא, יז): הוֹי רֹעִי הָאֱלִיל עֹזְבִי הַצֹּאן חֶרֶב עַל זְרוֹעוֹ וְעַל עֵין יְמִינוֹ, אָמְרָה לוֹ אַתָּה סִמִּיתָ זְרוֹעָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְסִמִּיתָ עֵין יְמִינָן, לְפִיכָךְ זְרֹעוֹ שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ יָבוֹשׁ תִּיבָשׁ וְעֵין יְמִינוֹ כָּהֹה תִּכְהֶה. מִיָּד גָּרְמוּ עֲוֹנוֹת וְנִלְכְּדָה בֵּיתָר וְנֶהֱרַג בֶּן כּוֹזִיבָא, וְאַיתִיאוּ רֵישֵׁיהּ לְגַבֵּי אַדְרִיָּאנוּס, אֲמַר מַאן קָטְלֵיהּ לְדֵין, אֲמַר לֵיהּ חַד גּוּנְתָאי אֲנָא קְטַלְתֵּיהּ לְדֵין, אֲמַר לֵיהּ זִיל וְאַיְיתֵיהּ לִי, אֲזַל וְאַיְיתֵיהּ וְאַשְׁכַּח עַכְנָא כְּרִיכָא עַל צַוָּארֵיהּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִלּוּ לָא אֱלָהֵיהּ קְטָלֵיהּ לְדֵין מַאן הֲוָה יָכֵיל לֵיהּ, וּקְרָא עֲלוֹי (דברים לב, ל): אִם לֹא כִּי צוּרָם מְכָרָם. הָיוּ הוֹרְגִים בָּהֶם עַד שֶׁשָּׁקַע הַסּוּס בְּדָם עַד חָטְמוֹ, וְהָיָה הַדָּם מְגַלְגֵּל אֲבָנִים שֶׁל אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה וְהוֹלֵךְ בַּיָּם אַרְבָּעָה מִילִין. וְאִם תֹּאמַר שֶׁקְּרוֹבָה לַיָּם, וַהֲלֹא רְחוֹקָה מִן הַיָּם אַרְבָּעָה מִילִין. וְכֶרֶם גָּדוֹל הָיָה לוֹ לְאַדְרִיָּאנוּס שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר מִיל עַל שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר מִיל, כְּמִן טְבֶרְיָא לְצִפּוֹרִי, וְהִקִּיפוֹ גָּדֵר מֵהֲרוּגֵי בֵּיתָר, וְלֹא גָּזַר עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁיִּקָּבְרוּ עַד שֶׁעָמַד מֶלֶךְ אֶחָד וְגָזַר עֲלֵיהֶם וּקְבָרוּם. רַבִּי הוּנָא אָמַר יוֹם שֶׁנִּתְּנוּ הֲרוּגֵי בֵּיתָר לִקְבוּרָה נִקְבְּעָה הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב, הַטּוֹב שֶׁלֹא הִסְרִיחוּ וְהַמֵּטִיב שֶׁנִּתְּנוּ לִקְבוּרָה. חֲמִשִּׁים וּשְׁתַּיִם שָׁנָה עָשְׂתָה בֵּיתָר אַחַר חֻרְבַּן הַבַּיִת, וְלָמָּה נֶחְרְבָה עַל שֶׁהִדְלִיקוּ נֵרוֹת לְחֻרְבַּן בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְלָמָה הִדְלִיקוּ, אָמְרוּ הַבּוּלְיוֹטִין שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם הָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין בְּאֶמְצַע הַמְּדִינָה, וְכַד הֲוָה סָלֵיק חַד מִנְהוֹן לְצַלָּאָה, אֲמַר לֵיהּ בָּעֵית לְעִיבָדָא בּוּלְיוֹטִין, אֲמַר לֵיהּ לָא. בָּעֵית לְאִיעַבְדָא אַרְכוֹנְטִיס, אֲמַר לְהוֹ לָא. אָמְרֵי לֵיהּ מִן בְּגִין דִּשְׁמַעְנָא דְּאִית לָךְ חָדָא אִיסְיָא אַתְּ בָּעֵי מְזַבְּנָא יָתֵיהּ לִי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ לֵית בְּדַעְתִּי, וַהֲוָה כּוֹתֵב וּמַשְׁלַח אוֹנוֹתֵיהּ לְבַר בֵּיתֵיהּ אִין אָתֵי גְּבַר פְּלוֹנִי לָא תִשְׁבְּקִינֵיהּ מֵיעַל לְאִיסְיָא דְּהוּא מַזְבְּנָא לִי. וַהֲוָה אָמַר הַהוּא גַבְרָא הַלְּוַאי אִיתָּבְרַת רַגְלֵיהּ דְּהַהוּא גַבְרָא וְלָא סָלֵיק לְהָדֵין זָוִיתָא, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איכה ד, יח): צָדוּ צְעָדֵינוּ, צָדְיָאה אוֹרְחָא מִלְּהַלָּכָא בְּאִילֵּין פְּלַטְיָיאתָא. קָרַב קִצֵּנוּ, קִיצָא דְּהַהוּא בֵּיתָא. מָלְאוּ יָמֵינוּ, יוֹמָא דְהַהוּא בֵּיתָא. אַף אִינוּן לָא פָּשַׁת לְהוֹן טַב, דִּכְתִיב (משלי יז, ה): שָׂמֵחַ לְאֵיד לֹא יִנָּקֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן שְׁלשׁ מֵאוֹת מוֹחֵי תִּינוֹקוֹת נִמְצְאוּ עַל אֶבֶן אַחַת, וּשְׁלשׁ מֵאוֹת קֻפּוֹת שֶׁל קְצוּצֵי תְּפִלִּין נִמְצְאוּ בְּבֵיתָר, וְכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת מַחֲזֶקֶת שָׁלשׁ סְאִין, וּכְשֶׁאַתָּה בָּא לְחֶשְׁבּוֹן אַתָּה מוֹצֵא שְׁלשׁ מֵאוֹת סְאִין. אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת בָּתֵּי סוֹפְרִים הָיוּ בְּבֵיתָר, וְקָטָן שֶׁבָּהֶם לֹא הָיָה פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלשׁ מֵאוֹת תִּינוֹקוֹת, וְהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים אִם יָבוֹאוּ הַשֹּׂוֹנְאִים עָלֵינוּ בַּמַּכְתְּבִין הַלָּלוּ אָנוּ יוֹצְאִין וְדוֹקְרִין אוֹתָם. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁגָּרְמוּ הָעֲוֹנוֹת וּבָאוּ הַשֹּׂוֹנְאִים כָּרְכוּ כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בְּסִפְרוֹ וְשָׂרְפוּ אוֹתָם וְלֹא נִשְׁתַּיֵּיר מֵהֶם אֶלָּא אֲנִי וְקָרָא עַל עַצְמוֹ (איכה ג, נא): עֵינִי עוֹלְלָה לְנַפְשִׁי וגו'. שְׁנֵי אַחִין הָיוּ בִּכְפַר חֲרוֹכָא, וְלָא הֲווֹן שָׁבְקִין רוֹמָאֵי עֲבַר תַּמָּן דְּלָא הֲווֹ קַטְלֵי יָתֵיהּ, אָמְרֵי כָּל סַמָּא דְּמִילָה נֵיתֵי כְּלִילָא דְּאַדְרִיָאנוּס וְנֵיתֵיב בְּרֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל [אלו] שִׁמְעוֹן, דְּהָא רוֹמָאֵי אַתּוּן, מִן דְּנָפְקִין פָּגַע בְּהוֹן חַד סָבָא אֲמַר לְהוֹן בָּרְיָיא בְּסַעֲדֵיכוֹן מִן אִלֵּין, אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ לָא נִסְעוֹד וְלָא נִסְכֵּיף, מִיָּד גָּרְמוּ עֲוֹנוֹת וְנֶהֶרְגוּ, וְאַיְיתִיאוּ רֵישֵׁיהוֹן לְגַבֵּי אַדְרִיָּאנוּס, אֲמַר מָאן קָטֵיל אִילֵין, אֲמַר לֵיהּ חַד גּוּנְתָאי אֲנָא קְטִילַת לְהוֹן, אֲמַר לֵיהּ זִיל אַיְיתֵי לִי פִּיטּוֹמַיְיהוּ, אֲזַל אַשְׁכַּח עַכְנָא כְּרִיכָא עַל צַוָּארֵיהוֹן, אֲמַר אִילּוּ אֱלָהֲהוֹן דְּאִילֵין לָא קָטֵיל לְהוֹן מָאן הֲוָה יָכֵיל לְמִקְטְלִינוֹן, וּקְרָא עֲלֵיהוֹן (דברים לב, ל): אִם לֹא כִּי צוּרָם מְכָרָם. שְׁנֵי אֲרָזִים הָיוּ בְּהַר הַמִּשְׁחָה, וְתַחַת אֶחָד מֵהֶן הָיוּ אַרְבַּע חֲנֻיּוֹת שֶׁל מוֹכְרֵי טְהָרוֹת, וּמִן הָאֶחָד הָיוּ מוֹצִיאִין אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה גּוֹזָלוֹת לְכָל חֹדֶשׁ, וּמֵהֶן הָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מַסְפִּיקִין לַקִּנִּים. טוּר שִׁמְעוֹן הֲוָה מַפִּיק תְּלַת מְאָה גָּרָבִין, וְלָמָּה חָרְבוּ, אִי תֵימָא מִפְּנֵי הַזּוֹנוֹת, וַהֲלֹא לֹא הָיְתָה אֶלָּא רִיבָה אַחַת וְהוֹצִיאוּהָ מִשָּׁם. אָמַר רַבִּי הוּנָא מִשּׁוּם שֶׁהָיוּ מְשַׂחֲקִין בְּכַדּוּר בְּשַׁבָּת. עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים עֲיָרוֹת הָיוּ בְּהַר הַמֶּלֶךְ, לְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן חַרְסוֹם, הָיָה הָאֶלֶף אֶחָד מֵהֶם, וּכְנֶגְדָּן הָיוּ לוֹ אֶלֶף סְפִינוֹת בַּיָּם. שְׁלשָׁה עֲיָרוֹת הָיָה טִימָס שֶׁלָּהֶם עוֹלֶה לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, כָּבוּל, שִׁיחִין, וּמַגְדְּלָא. וְלָמָּה חָרוּב, כָּבוּל, מִפְּנֵי הַמַּחְלֹקֶת. שִׁיחִין, מִפְּנֵי כְשָׁפִים. מַגְדְּלָא, מִפְּנֵי הַזְּנוּת. שְׁלשָׁה עֲיָרוֹת הָיוּ בַּדָּרוֹם וְהָיוּ מוֹצִיאוֹת כִּפְלַיִם כְּיוֹצְאֵי מִצְרַיִם, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: כְּפַר בִּישׁ, כְּפַר שַׁחֲלַיִם, כְּפַר דִּיכְרִין. כְּפַר בִּישׁ, לָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמָהּ כְּפַר בִּישׁ, דְּלָא הֲוַת מְקַבְּלָא אַכְסַנְיָא. כְּפַר שַׁחֲלַיִם, לָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמָהּ כְּפַר שַׁחֲלַיִם, דַּהֲווֹ מְרַבְיָן בְּנֵיהוֹן כְּאִילֵין תַּחֲלוּסַיָּיא. כְּפַר דִּיכְרִין, לָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמָהּ כְּפַר דִּיכְרִין, דְּכָל אִתְּתָא דַּהֲוַת תַּמָּן הֲוַת יָלְדָה בְּנִין דִּיכְרִין, וְכָל אִתְּתָא דַּהֲוַת בָּעְיָא לְמֵילַד נְקֵבָה, הֲוַת נָפְקָא לְבַר מִן קַרְתָּא וַהֲוַת יָלְדָה נְקֵבָה, וְכָל אִתְּתָא אַחֲרִיתָא דַּהֲוַת בָּעְיָא לְמֵילַד בַּר דְּכַר, הֲוַת אַתְיָא תַּמָּן וַהֲוַת יָלְדָה זָכָר. וְכַדּוּ כַּד אַתְּ נְצַעְהוֹן בְּשִׁתִּין רִבְוָון דְּקַנְיֵי לָא נָסְיָין לְהוֹן. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן קָפְצָה לָהּ אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. רַב הוּנָא אָמַר שְׁלשׁ מֵאוֹת חֲנֻיּוֹת שֶׁל מוֹכְרֵי טְהָרוֹת הָיוּ בְּמַגְדְּלָא דְּצַבָּעַיָּא וּשְׁלשׁ מֵאוֹת חֲנֻיּוֹת שֶׁל אוֹרְגֵי פָּרוֹכוֹת הָיוּ בִּכְפַר נִמְרָה. וְרַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר שְׁמוֹנִים אַחִים כֹּהֲנִים הָיוּ נְשׂוּאִים לִשְׁמוֹנִים כֹּהֲנוֹת אֲחָיוֹת, בְּלַיְלָה אֶחָד תְּלוּנְהוּ בַּחֲדָא גַפְנָא, חוּץ מֵאַחִים בְּלֹא אֲחָיוֹת, חוּץ מֵאֲחָיוֹת בְּלֹא אַחִים, חוּץ מִלְוִיִּים וְחוּץ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. שְׁמוֹנִים אֶלֶף פִּרְחֵי כְּהֻנָּה נֶהֶרְגוּ עַל דָּמוֹ שֶׁל זְכַרְיָה. רַבִּי יודָן שָׁאַל לְרַבִּי אַחָא הֵיכָן הָרְגוּ אֶת זְכַרְיָה בְּעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹ בְּעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים, אָמַר לוֹ לֹא בְּעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֹא בְּעֶזְרַת נָשִׁים, אֶלָּא בְּעֶזְרַת כֹּהֲנִים, וְלֹא נָהֲגוּ בְּדָמוֹ לֹא כְדַם צְבִי וְלֹא כְדַם אַיָּל, תַּמָּן כְּתִיב (ויקרא יז, יג): וְאִישׁ אִישׁ מִבֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר יָצוּד צֵיד חַיָּה וגו' וְכִסָּהוּ בֶּעָפָר, בְּרַם הָכָא כְּתִיב (יחזקאל כד, ז): כִּי דָמָהּ בְּתוֹכָהּ הָיָה עַל צְחִיחַ סֶלַע שָׂמָתְהוּ לֹא שְׁפָכַתְהוּ עַל הָאָרֶץ לְכַסּוֹת עָלָיו עָפָר, וְכָל כָּךְ לָמָּה, (יחזקאל כד, ח): לְהַעֲלוֹת חֵמָה לִנְקֹם נָקָם נָתַתִּי אֶת דָּמָהּ עַל צְחִיחַ סֶלַע לְבִלְתִּי הִכָּסוֹת. שֶׁבַע עֲבֵרוֹת עָבְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם, הָרְגוּ כֹּהֵן וְנָבִיא וְדַיָּן, וְשָׁפְכוּ דַם נָקִי וְחִלְּלוּ אֶת הַשֵּׁם וְטִמְּאוּ אֶת הָעֲזָרָה, וְשַׁבָּת וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים הָיָה, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁעָלָה נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן חַזְיֵיהּ לִדְמֵיהּ דִּזְכַרְיָה דַּהֲוָה קָא רָתִיחַ, אֲמַר לְהוֹן מַאי הִיא, אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ דַּם פָּרִים וּכְבָשִׂים, אַיְיתֵי פָּרִים וּכְבָשִׂים וְלָא אִידוּם, אַיְיתֵי כָּל מִינֵי דָמִים וְלָא אִידוּם, אֲמַר לְהוֹן אִי אַמְרִיתוּ לִי מוּטָב וְאִי לָא אֲנָא מַסְרֵיקְנָא לְבִישְׂרָא דַּהֲנָךְ אֵינָשֵׁי בְּמַסְרֵיקִין דְּפַרְזְלָא וְלָא אֲמָרוּ לֵיהּ, וְהַשְׁתָּא דַּאֲמַר לְהוֹ הָכֵי אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ מַה נְּכַסֵּי מִינָךְ, נְבִיָּיא כַּהֲנָא הֲוָה לָן וַהֲוָה מוֹכִיחַ לָן לְשׁוּם שְׁמַיָא קַבִּילוּ, וְלָא קַבְּלֵינַן מִינֵיהּ אֶלָּא קָאֵימְנָא עִילָּוֵיהּ וְקַטְלִינַן לֵיהּ. אֲמַר לְהוֹן אֲנָא מְפַיַּיסְנָא לֵיהּ, אַיְיתֵי סַנְהֶדְּרֵי גְדוֹלָה שָׁחַט עִילָּוֵיהּ וְלָא נָח. שָׁחַט סַנְהֶדְּרֵי קְטַנָּה עִילָּוֵיהּ וְלָא נָח. אַיְיתֵי פִּרְחֵי כְּהֻנָּה שָׁחַט עִילָּוֵיהּ וְלָא נָח. שָׁחַט תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן עִילָּוֵיהּ וְלָא נָח. אָמַר לוֹ זְכַרְיָה טוֹבִים שֶׁבְּעַמְּךָ אִבַּדְתִּי רְצוֹנְךָ שֶׁיֹּאבְדוּ כֻּלָּם, לְאַלְתָּר נָח. וְהִרְהֵר נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן הָרָשָׁע תְּשׁוּבָה וְאָמַר, וּמַה מִּי שֶׁמְאַבֵּד נֶפֶשׁ אַחַת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל כָּךְ כְּתִיב בּוֹ (בראשית ט, ו): שֹׁפֵךְ דַּם הָאָדָם בָּאָדָם דָּמוֹ יִשָּׁפֵךְ, אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ שֶׁאִבֵּד נְפָשׁוֹת הַרְבֵּה, עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, מִיָּד נִתְמַלֵּא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא רַחֲמִים וְרָמַז לַדָּם וְנִבְלַע בִּמְקוֹמוֹ. שְׁמוֹנִים אֲלָפִים פִּרְחֵי כְּהֻנָּה בָּקְעוּ בַּחֲיָלוֹתָיו שֶׁל נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר וּבְיָדָן מָגִינֵּי זָהָב, הָלְכוּ לָהֶם אֵצֶל יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים וְהוֹצִיאוּ לָהֶם מִינֵי מְלוּחִים וְנוֹדוֹת מְנֻפָּחוֹת, אָמְרוּ לָהֶם נִשְׁתֶּה קֳדָמַיי, אָמְרוּ לָהֶם אִכְלוּ קֳדָמַיי וּלְבָתַר כֵּן אַתּוּן שָׁתְיָין, מִן דַּאֲכָלוּן הֲוָה נָסֵיב כָּל חַד וְחַד מִינַיְיהוּ זִיקָא וִיהַב לֵיהּ בְּפוּמֵיהּ וַהֲוָה רוּחָא עָלֵיל בִּכְרֵיסֵהּ וּבָקְעָה לֵיהּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ישעיה כא, יג): מַשָֹּׂא בַּעְרָב בַּיַּעַר בַּעְרַב תָּלִינוּ אֹרְחוֹת דְּדָנִים, לִקְרַאת צָמֵא הֵתָיוּ מָיִם ישְׁבֵי אֶרֶץ תֵּימָא בְּלַחְמוֹ קִדְּמוּ נֹדֵד. מִי נָתוּן בְּיַעַר הַלְּבָנוֹן בַּעְרָב תָּלִינוּ, אֶלָּא אֹרְחוֹת דְּדָנִים, אָרְחֲהוֹן דִּבְנֵי דְּדָנַיָּיא עָבְדִין כֵּן, וְכִי כֵן עֲבַד אֲבוּהוֹן לַאֲבוּכוֹן, מַה כְּתִיב בַּאֲבוּכוֹן (בראשית כא, יט): וַיִּפְקַח אֱלֹהִים אֶת עֵינֶיהָ וַתֵּרֶא בְּאֵר מָיִם וַתֵּלֶךְ וַתְּמַלֵא אֶת הַחֵמֶת מַיִם וַתַּשְׁק אֶת הַנָּעַר, וְאַתֶּם לֹא קִיַּמְתֶּם לִקְרַאת צָמֵא הֵתָיוּ מָיִם, וְכִי מִטִּיבוּתְהוֹן אַיְיתָן לְגַבֵּיכוֹן (ישעיה כא, טו): כִּי מִפְּנֵי חֲרָבוֹת נָדָדוּ, מִפְּנֵי חַרְבּוֹ שֶׁל נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר נָדָדוּ. מִפְּנֵי חֶרֶב נְטוּשָׁה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹא הָיוּ שׁוֹמְרִים שְׁמִטּוֹתֵיהֶן כָּרָאוּי, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (שמות כג, יא): וְהַשְּׁבִיעִית תִּשְׁמְטֶנָּה וּנְטַשְׁתָּהּ. וּמִפְּנֵי קֶשֶׁת דְּרוּכָה, עַל יְדֵי שֶׁלֹא הָיוּ שׁוֹמְרִים שַׁבָּת כָּרָאוּי, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (נחמיה יג, טו): בַּיָּמִים הָהֵמָה רָאִיתִי בִיהוּדָה דֹרְכִים גִּתּוֹת בַּשַּׁבָּת. וּמִפְּנֵי כֹּבֶד מִלְחָמָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹא הָיוּ נוֹשְׂאִין וְנוֹתְנִין בְּמִלְחַמְתָּהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה, דִּכְתִיב בָּהּ (במדבר כא, יד): עַל כֵּן יֵאָמַר בְּסֵפֶר מִלְחֲמֹת ה'. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִגִּיבְתּוֹן וְעַד אַנְטִיפְרַס שִׁשִּׁים רִבּוֹא עֲיָרוֹת הָיוּ, וּקְטַנָּה שֶׁבָּהֶן זוֹ בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (שמואל א ו, יט): וַיַּךְ בְּאַנְשֵׁי בֵית שֶׁמֶשׁ וגו', וְכַדּוּן אֲפִלּוּ מֵאָה קָנֵי לֵית בָּהּ. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשְׁמַרְתָּהּ הָיְתָה קְטַנָּה בַּמִּשְׁמָרוֹת, וְהָיְתָה מוֹצִיאָה שְׁמוֹנִים אֶלֶף פְּרָחִים. כַּמָּה פּוּלְמְסָאוֹת עָשָׂה אַדְרִיָּאנוֹס, תְּרֵין אָמוֹרָאִין, חַד אֲמַר חֲמִשִּׁים וּשְׁתַּיִם, וְחַד אֲמַר חֲמִשִּׁים וְאַרְבָּעָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, אַשְׁרֵי מִי שֶׁרָאָה בְּמַפַּלְתָּהּ שֶׁל תַּרְמוֹד, לָמָּה, שֶׁהָיְתָה שֻׁתֶּפֶת בִּשְׁתֵּי חֻרְבָּנוֹת. רַבִּי יוּדָן אָמַר בְּחֻרְבָּן רִאשׁוֹן הֶעֱמִידָה שְׁמוֹנִים אֶלֶף קַשָּׁתִין, וּבַשֵּׁנִי הֶעֱמִידָה אַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף קַשָּׁתִין. רַב הוּנָא אָמַר בְּחֻרְבָּן אַחֲרוֹן הֵם כָּרִאשׁוֹן. | |
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23. Babylonian Talmud, Yevamot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
| 105b. אמר רב יהודה אמר רב זו דברי ר' מאיר אבל חכמים אומרים אין חליצת קטן כלום:,קטנה שחלצה וכו': אמר רב יהודה אמר רב זו דברי ר"מ דאמר איש כתוב בפרשה ומקשינן אשה לאיש,אבל חכמים אומרים איש כתיב בפרשה אשה בין גדולה בין קטנה,מאן חכמים רבי יוסי היא דר' חייא ור' שמעון בר רבי הוו יתבי פתח חד מינייהו ואמר המתפלל צריך שיתן עיניו למטה שנאמר (מלכים א ט, ג) והיו עיני ולבי שם כל הימים,וחד אמר עיניו למעלה שנאמר (איכה ג, מא) נשא לבבנו אל כפים אדהכי אתא ר' ישמעאל בר' יוסי לגבייהו אמר להו במאי עסקיתו אמרו ליה בתפלה אמר להו כך אמר אבא המתפלל צריך שיתן עיניו למטה ולבו למעלה כדי שיתקיימו שני מקראות הללו,אדהכי אתא רבי למתיבתא אינהו דהוו קלילי יתיבו בדוכתייהו רבי ישמעאל ברבי יוסי אגב יוקריה הוה מפסע ואזיל,אמר ליה אבדן מי הוא זה שמפסע על ראשי עם קדוש אמר ליה אני ישמעאל בר' יוסי שבאתי ללמוד תורה מרבי אמר ליה וכי אתה הגון ללמוד תורה מרבי,אמר ליה וכי משה היה הגון ללמוד תורה מפי הגבורה אמר ליה וכי משה אתה אמר ליה וכי רבך אלהים הוא אמר רב יוסף שקליה רבי למטרפסיה דקאמר ליה רבך ולא רבי,אדהכי אתיא יבמה לקמיה דרבי אמר ליה רבי לאבדן פוק בדקה לבתר דנפק אמר ליה ר' ישמעאל כך אמר אבא איש כתוב בפרשה אבל אשה בין גדולה בין קטנה,אמר ליה תא לא צריכת כבר הורה זקן קמפסע אבדן ואתי אמר ליה רבי ישמעאל בר' יוסי מי שצריך לו עם קדוש יפסע על ראשי עם קדוש מי שאין צריך לו עם קדוש היאך יפסע על ראשי עם קדוש,אמר ליה רבי לאבדן קום בדוכתיך תאנא באותה שעה נצטרע אבדן וטבעו שני בניו ומאנו שתי כלותיו אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק בריך רחמנא דכספיה לאבדן בהאי עלמא,אמר ר' אמי מדבריו של ברבי נלמוד קטנה חולצת בפעוטות רבא אמר עד שתגיע לעונת נדרים והלכתא עד שתביא שתי שערות:,חלצה בשנים וכו': אמר רב יוסף בר מניומי אמר רב נחמן אין הלכה כאותו הזוג והא אמר ר"נ חדא זימנא דאמר רב יוסף בר מניומי אמר רב נחמן חליצה בשלשה,צריכי דאי איתמר הך קמייתא הוה אמינא ה"מ לכתחילה אבל דיעבד אפי' תרי קמ"ל אין הלכה כאותו הזוג ואי אשמועינן אין הלכה כאותו הזוג אלא כתנא קמא ה"א דיעבד אבל לכתחילה ליבעי חמשה צריכא:,מעשה שחלצו כו': בינו לבינה מי ידענא אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל ועדים רואין אותו מבחוץ,איבעיא להו מעשה שחלצו בינו לבינה אבראי ובא מעשה לפני ר"ע בבית האסורין או דלמא מעשה שחלצו בינו לבינה בבית האסורין אמר רב יהודה אמר רב בבית האסורין היה מעשה ולבית האסורין בא מעשה | 105b. bRav Yehuda saidthat bRav said: Thisteaching of the mishna with regard to a minor is bthe statement of Rabbi Meir,who maintains that such a iḥalitzahas significance in that it disqualifies a subsequent levirate marriage, but it is insufficient to permit the woman to marry a stranger. bBut the Rabbis say: The iḥalitzaof a male minor isn’tsignificant of banything,as she is permitted to one of the brothers in levirate marriage as one who no iḥalitzawas performed at all.,§ It was taught in the mishna: bIf a female minor performed iḥalitza /i,she must perform iḥalitzaa second time once she becomes an adult, and if she does not, her first iḥalitzais invalid. bRav Yehuda saidthat bRav said: This is the statement of Rabbi Meir, who said: “Man” is written in theTorah bportionabout iḥalitza /i: “And if the man does not wish” (Deuteronomy 25:7), implying an adult must perform iḥalitza /i, band we juxtaposeand compare ba woman with a man,indicating that the woman must also be an adult at the time of iḥalitza /i., bBut the Rabbis say: “Man” is written in thisTorah bportion,which indicates that an adult male must perform iḥalitza /i, but with respect to the bwomanwho removes the shoe, since the term woman is not used to describe her, but rather the more general term iyevamais written, as the continuation of the above-mentioned verse says: “To take his iyevama /i” (Deuteronomy 25:9), bshe may be either an adult or a female minor. /b,The Gemara asks: bWho are these Rabbiswho disagree with Rabbi Meir? The Gemara answers: bIt is Rabbi Yosei,as it seems from this incident: bAs, Rabbi Ḥiyya and Rabbi Shimon bar RabbiYehuda HaNasi bwere sittingoutside the house of study, immersed in Torah learning. bOne of them began and said: One who prays must direct his gaze downwardwhile praying, bas it is statedby God with regard to the Holy Temple: b“And My eyes and My heart shall be there perpetually”(I Kings 9:3), meaning: The Divine Presence rests in the Eretz Yisrael, and one must direct his gaze to the sacred land when praying., bAnd one of them saidhe must direct bhis eyes upward, because it is stated: “Let us lift our hearts with our handstoward God in Heaven” (Lamentations 3:41). bIn the meantime, Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, came beside them. He said to them: What are you dealing with? They saidto him: bWith prayer,as we are debating the proper posture for prayer. bHe said to them: My father,Rabbi Yosei, bsaid as follows: One who prays must direct his eyes downward and his heart upward, in order to fulfill both of these verses. /b, bIn the meantime,while they were talking, bRabbiYehuda HaNasi bcame to the house of studyand everyone quickly went to sit in their assigned places. bThose who were light-footedhurried and bsat in their places. Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, due to his being very heavy, was stepping and walkingslowly, as everyone was already sitting in his place on the ground, requiring him to pass over their heads in order to get to his place., bAbdon,the shortened form of the name of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi’s student and attendant, Abba Yudan, bsaid to him: Who is that individual stepping over the heads of a sacred people,for it appeared to him as an act of disrespect to those sitting that Rabbi Yishmael stepped over their heads. bHe said to him: I am Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, who came to learn Torah from RabbiYehuda HaNasi. Abdon bsaid to him: But are you fit to learn Torah from RabbiYehuda HaNasi, for it seems that you are showing disrespect to others in order to accomplish it?,He bsaid to him: Was Moses fit to learn Torah from the mouth of the Almighty?Rather, it is not necessary that the student be as dignified as his teacher. He bsaid to him: And are you Moses?Rabbi Yishmael bsaid to him: And is your teacher God? Rav Yosef saidabout this part of the story: Here bRabbiYehuda HaNasi breceived his retribution[imittarpesei/b] for remaining silent during this discussion and not reprimanding his student for humiliating Rabbi Yishmael. And what is his retribution? bWhenRabbi Yishmael spoke to Abdon, bhe said your teacher, and not my teacher,implying that he did not accept Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi’s authority upon himself., bIn the meantime, a iyevamacame before Rabbi,and she was a minor close to the age of maturity who had performed iḥalitza /i, but it was not clear whether she had already reached the age of maturity necessary to validate her iḥalitza /i. bRabbiYehuda HaNasi bsaid to Abdon: Go and checkto see if she has already reached maturity. bAfterAbdon bleft, Rabbi Yishmael said toRabbi Yehuda HaNasi b: My father,Rabbi Yosei, bsaid as follows: “Man” is written in theTorah bportionof iḥalitza /i, bbutthe bwoman may be either an adult woman or a female minor. /b, bRabbiYehuda HaNasi bsaid toAbdon b: Comeback. bYou do not needto check, as bthe Elder,Rabbi Yosei, bhas already ruledthat a minor can perform iḥalitza /i, and therefore no further examination is required. bAbdon was stepping and comingover the heads of the others in order to return to his place. bRabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, said to him: One upon whom a holy people depends may step over the heads of a holy people. But one upon whom a holy people does not depend,as there is no longer a need for Abdon to examination the woman, bhow can he step over the heads of a holy people? /b, bRabbiYehuda HaNasi bsaid to Abdon: Stand in your placeand do not go any further. bIt was taught: At that moment Abdon was afflicted with leprosyas a punishment for insulting Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, and btwo of his sonswho were recently married bdrowned, and his two daughters-in-law,who were minors married to those sons, bmade declarations of refusaland annulled their marriages. bRav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: Blessed is the Merciful One, Who shames Abdon in this world,for this prevents him from being punished further in the World-to-Come, as all his iniquities have been forgiven through this suffering., bRabbi Ami said: From the words of the great man,Rabbi Yosei, blet us learn: A female minor performs iḥalitza /ieven bas a young child,at age six or seven. bRava said:She may not perform iḥalitza buntil she reaches the age of vowsas an eleven-year-old, when she has enough intellectual capacity to understand the meaning of a vow. However, the Gemara concludes: bAnd the ihalakhais:She may not perform iḥalitza buntil she has twopubic bhairs. /b,It was taught in the mishna: bIf she performed iḥalitzabefore twoor three people, and one of them is found to be disqualified to serve as a judge, Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yoḥa the Cobbler validate it. bRav Yosef bar Minyumi saidthat bRav Naḥman said: The ihalakhadoes not follow this pairwho validate such a case. The Gemara asks: bBut didn’t Rav Naḥmanalready bsay thissame ruling bone timebefore? bAs Rav Yosef bar Minyumi saidthat bRav Naḥman said: iḤalitzamust beconducted bbefore threepeople, indicating that there must be no fewer than three valid judges.,The Gemara answers: Both bare necessary, for if only thefirst one, stating that iḥalitzamust be before three judges, bwere stated, I would say: This applies iab initio /i, but after the fact even twois acceptable. Therefore, bhe teaches us that the ihalakhadoes not follow this pairof Sages, and her iḥalitzabefore two people is invalid even after the fact. And vice versa: bIf he would have told us only that the ihalakhadoes not follow this pair, but rather the first itanna /i, I would saythat it is valid if performed before three people only bafter the fact, but they must require fivepeople iab initio /i,in accordance with Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion. Therefore bit is necessaryto say both of these statements.,§ bA story is toldin the mishna about ban incidentin which a couple bonce performed iḥalitza /ibetween themselves in private while alone in prison, and the case later came before Rabbi Akiva and he validated it. The Gemara asks: bHow can we know what happened between him and her?There was no testimony to confirm it, and how can we be certain that the iḥalitzawas done properly to validate it? bRav Yehuda saidthat bShmuel said: Andthe iḥalitzawas validated because bthere were witnesses who saw them from outsidethe prison, who testified that the iḥalitzawas performed properly., bA dilemma was raised beforethe students in the house of study with regard to the incident recorded in the mishna in which a private iḥalitzaperformed in a prison was validated: bDid the incident in which they performed iḥalitzabetween him and herprivately actually btake place outsidein a different locale, bandthe reference to prison is that bthe case came before Rabbi Akivawhen he was confined bin prison? Or, perhaps the incident when they performed iḥalitzabetween him and her took place in prison,and then this case came before Rabbi Akiva? bRav Yehuda saidthat bRav said: The iḥalitza bincident took place in prison, andalso bthe case cameto Rabbi Akiva when he was bin prison. /b |
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24. Anon., Leges Publicae, 2.4
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