Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

8234

New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 9.7-9.12
διʼ ἡμᾶς γὰρ ἐγράφη, ὅτι ὀφείλει ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι ὁ ἀροτριῶν ἀροτριᾷν, καὶ ὁ ἀλοῶν ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι τοῦ μετέχειν. or does he say it assuredly for oursake? Yes, it was written for our sake, because he who plows ought toplow in hope, and he who threshes in hope should partake of his hope.
Εἰ ἡμεῖς ὑμῖν τὰ πνευματικὰ ἐσπείραμεν, μέγα εἰ ἡμεῖς ὑμῶν τὰ σαρκικὰ θερίσομεν; If we sowed to you spiritual things, is it a great thing if wereap your fleshly things?
εἰ ἄλλοι τῆς ὑμῶν ἐξουσίας μετέχουσιν, οὐ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς; ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐχρησάμεθα τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ταύτῃ, ἀλλὰ πάντα στέγομεν ἵνα μή τινα ἐνκοπὴν δῶμεν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ χριστοῦ. If others partake of this right overyou, don't we yet more? Nevertheless we did not use this right, but webear all things, that we may cause no hindrance to the gospel ofChrist.
τίς στρατεύεται ἰδίοις ὀψωνίοις ποτέ; τίς φυτεύει ἀμπελῶνα καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐσθίει; [ἢ] τίς ποιμαίνει ποίμνην καὶ ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος τῆς ποίμνης οὐκ ἐσθίει; What soldier ever serves athis own expense? Who plants a vineyard, and doesn't eat of its fruit?Or who feeds a flock, and doesn't drink from the flock's milk?
Μὴ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ταῦτα λαλῶ, ἢ καὶ ὁ νόμος ταῦτα οὐ λέγει; DoI speak these things according to the ways of men? Or doesn't the lawalso say the same thing?
ἐν γὰρ τῷ Μωυσέως νόμῳ γέγραπταιΟὐ φιμώσεις βοῦν ἀλοῶντα.μὴ τῶν βοῶν μέλει τῷ θεῷ, ἢ διʼ ἡμᾶς πάντως λέγει; For it is written in the law of Moses,"You shall not muzzle an ox while it treads out the grain." Is it forthe oxen that God cares

Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

33 results
1. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 19.13 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 19.13. כָּל־הַנֹּגֵעַ בְּמֵת בְּנֶפֶשׁ הָאָדָם אֲשֶׁר־יָמוּת וְלֹא יִתְחַטָּא אֶת־מִשְׁכַּן יְהוָה טִמֵּא וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל כִּי מֵי נִדָּה לֹא־זֹרַק עָלָיו טָמֵא יִהְיֶה עוֹד טֻמְאָתוֹ בוֹ׃ 19.13. Whosoever toucheth the dead, even the body of any man that is dead, and purifieth not himself—he hath defiled the tabernacle of the LORD—that soul shall be cut off from Israel; because the water of sprinkling was not dashed against him, he shall be unclean; his uncleanness is yet upon him."
2. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 22.20 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 22.20. Have not I written unto thee excellent things of counsels and knowledge;"
3. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 68.18 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 68.18. רֶכֶב אֱלֹהִים רִבֹּתַיִם אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָן אֲדֹנָי בָם סִינַי בַּקֹּדֶשׁ׃ 68.18. The chariots of God are myriads, even thousands upon thousands; The Lord is among them, as in Sinai, in holiness."
4. Cicero, On Duties, 1.11-1.13, 3.11-3.12, 3.63-3.64, 3.70 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 1.11. Principio generi animantium omni est a natura tributum, ut se, vitam corpusque tueatur, declinet ea, quae nocitura videantur, omniaque, quae sint ad vivendum necessaria, anquirat et paret, ut pastum, ut latibula, ut alia generis eiusdem. Commune item animantium omnium est coniunctionis adpetitus procreandi causa et cura quaedam eorum, quae procreata sint; sed inter hominem et beluam hoc maxime interest, quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur, ad id solum, quod adest quodque praesens est, se accommodat paulum admodum sentiens praeteritum aut futurum; homo autem, quod rationis est particeps, per quam consequentia cernit, causas rerum videt earumque praegressus et quasi antecessiones non ignorat, similitudines comparat rebusque praesentibus adiungit atque annectit futuras, facile totius vitae cursum videt ad eamque degendam praeparat res necessarias. 1.12. Eademque natura vi rationis hominem conciliat homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem ingeneratque in primis praecipuum quendam amorem in eos, qui procreati sunt, impellitque, ut hominum coetus et celebrationes et esse et a se obiri velit ob easque causas studeat parare ea, quae suppeditent ad cultum et ad victum, nec sibi soli, sed coniugi, liberis ceterisque, quos caros habeat tuerique debeat; quae cura exsuscitat etiam animos et maiores ad rem gerendam facit. 1.13. In primisque hominis est propria veri inquisitio atque investigatio. Itaque cum sumus necessariis negotiis curisque vacui, tum avemus aliquid videre, audire, addiscere cognitionemque rerum aut occultarum aut admirabilium ad beate vivendum necessariam ducimus. Ex quo intellegitur, quod verum, simplex sincerumque sit, id esse naturae hominis aptissimum. Huic veri videndi cupiditati adiuncta est appetitio quaedam principatus, ut nemini parere animus bene informatus a natura velit nisi praecipienti aut docenti aut utilitatis causa iuste et legitime imperanti; ex quo magnitudo animi exsistit humanarumque rerum contemptio. 3.11. Quam ob rem de iudicio Panaeti dubitari non potest; rectene autem hanc tertiam partem ad exquirendum officium adiunxerit an secus, de eo fortasse disputari potest. Nam, sive honestum solum bonum est, ut Stoicis placet, sive, quod honestum est, id ita summum bonum est, quem ad modum Peripateticis vestris videtur, ut omnia ex altera parte collocata vix minimi momenti instar habeant, dubitandum non est, quin numquam possit utilitas cum honestate contendere. Itaque accepimus Socratem exsecrari solitum eos, qui primum haec natura cohaerentia opinione distraxissent. Cui quidem ita sunt Stoici assensi, ut et, quicquid honestum esset, id utile esse censerent nec utile quicquam, quod non honestum. 3.12. Quodsi is esset Panaetius, qui virtutem propterea colendam diceret, quod ea efficiens utilitatis esset, ut ii, qui res expetendas vel voluptate vel indolentia metiuntur, liceret ei dicere utilitatem aliquando cum honestate pugnare; sed cum sit is, qui id solum bonum iudicet, quod honestum sit, quae autem huic repugnent specie quadam utilitatis, eorum neque accessione meliorem vitam fieri nec decessione peiorem, non videtur debuisse eius modi deliberationem introducere, in qua, quod utile videretur, cum eo, quod honestum est, compararetur. 3.63. Hecatonem quidem Rhodium, discipulum Panaeti, video in iis libris, quos de officio scripsit Q. Tuberoni, dicere sapientis esse nihil contra mores, leges, instituta facientem habere rationem rei familiaris. Neque enim solum nobis divites esse volumus, sed liberis, propinquis, amicis maximeque rei publicae. Singulorum enim facultates et copiae divitiae sunt civitatis. Huic Scaevolae factum, de quo paulo ante dixi, placere nullo modo potest; etenim omnino tantum se negat facturum compendii sui causa, quod non liceat. Huic nec laus magna tribuenda nec gratia est. 3.64. Sed, sive et simulatio et dissimulatio dolus malus est, perpaucae res sunt, in quibus non dolus malus iste versetur, sive vir bonus est is, qui prodest, quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus. Numquam igitur est utile peccare, quia semper est turpe, et, quia semper est honestum virum bonum esse, semper est utile. 3.70. Nam quanti verba illa: UTI NE PROPTER TE FIDEMVE TUAM CAPTUS FRAUDATUSVE SIM! quam illa aurea: UT INTER BONOS BENE AGIER OPORTET ET SINE FRAUDATIONE! Sed, qui sint boni, et quid sit bene agi, magna quaestio est. Q. quidem Scaevola, pontifex maximus, summam vim esse dicebat in omnibus iis arbitriis, in quibus adderetur EX FIDE BONA, fideique bonae nomen existimabat manare latissime, idque versari in tutelis societatibus, fiduciis mandatis, rebus emptis venditis, conductis locatis, quibus vitae societas contineretur; in iis magni esse iudicis statuere, praesertim cum in plerisque essent iudicia contraria, quid quemque cuique praestare oporteret. 3.11.  In regard to Panaetius's real intentions, therefore, no doubt can be entertained. But whether he was or was not justified in adding this third division to the inquiry about duty may, perhaps, be a matter for debate. For whether moral goodness is the only good, as the Stoics believe, or whether, as your Peripatetics think, moral goodness is in so far the highest good that everything else gathered together into the opposing scale would have scarcely the slightest weight, it is beyond question that expediency can never conflict with moral rectitude. And so, we have heard, Socrates used to pronounce a curse upon those who first drew a conceptual distinction between things naturally inseparable. With this doctrine the Stoics are in agreement in so far as they maintain that if anything is morally right, it is expedient, and if anything is not morally right, it is not expedient. 3.12.  But if Panaetius were the sort of man to say that virtue is worth cultivating only because it is productive of advantage, as do certain philosophers who measure the desirableness of things by the standard of pleasure or of absence of pain, he might argue that expediency sometimes clashes with moral rectitude. But since he is a man who judges that the morally right is the only good, and that those things which come in conflict with it have only the appearance of expediency and cannot make life any better by their presence nor any worse by their absence, it follows that he ought not to have raised a question involving the weighing of what seems expedient against what is morally right. 3.63.  Now I observe that Hecaton of Rhodes, a pupil of Panaetius, says in his books on "Moral Duty" dedicated to Quintus Tubero that "it is a wise man's duty to take care of his private interests, at the same time doing nothing contrary to the civil customs, laws, and institutions. But that depends on our purpose in seeking prosperity; for we do not aim to be rich for ourselves alone but for our children, relatives, friends, and, above all, for our country. For the private fortunes of individuals are the wealth of the state." Hecaton could not for a moment approve of Scaevola's act, which I cited a moment ago; for he openly avows that he will abstain from doing for his own profit only what the law expressly forbids. Such a man deserves no great praise nor gratitude. 3.64.  Be that as it may, if both pretence and concealment constitute "criminal fraud," there are very few transactions into which "criminal fraud" does not enter; or, if he only is a good man who helps all he can, and harms no one, it will certainly be no easy matter for us to find the good man as thus defined. To conclude, then, it is never expedient to do wrong, because wrong is always immoral; and it is always expedient to be good, because goodness is always moral. 3.70.  For how weighty are the words: "That I be not deceived and defrauded through you and my confidence in you"! How precious are these "As between honest people there ought to be honest dealing, and no deception"! But who are "honest people," and what is "honest dealing" — these are serious questions. It was Quintus Scaevola, the pontifex maximus, who used to attach the greatest importance to all questions of arbitration to which the formula was appended "as good faith requires"; and he held that the expression "good faith" had a very extensive application, for it was employed in trusteeships and partnerships, in trusts and commissions, in buying and selling, in hiring and letting — in a word, in all the transactions on which the social relations of daily life depend; in these, he said, it required a judge of great ability to decide the extent of each individual's obligation to the other, especially when the counter-claims were admissible in most cases.
5. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 15.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 15.11. because he failed to know the one who formed him and inspired him with an active soul and breathed into him a living spirit.
6. Demetrius, Style, 232 (1st cent. BCE
7. Philo of Alexandria, On The Life of Moses, 2.1, 2.4 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) 2.1. The first volume of this treatise relates to the subject of the birth and bringing up of Moses, and also of his education and of his government of his people, which he governed not merely irreproachably, but in so exceedingly praiseworthy a manner; and also of all the affairs, which took place in Egypt, and in the travels and journeyings of the nation, and of the events which happened with respect to their crossing the Red Sea and in the desert, which surpass all power of description; and, moreover, of all the labours which he conducted to a successful issue, and of the inheritances which he distributed in portions to his soldiers. But the book which we are now about to compose relates to the affairs which follow those others in due order, and bear a certain correspondence and connection with them. 2.4. It becomes a king to command what ought to be done, and to forbid what ought not to be done; but the commanding what ought to be done, and the prohibition of what ought not to be done, belongs especially to the law, so that the king is at once a living law, and the law is a just king.
8. Anon., Didache, 13.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
9. Epictetus, Discourses, 2.2.26, 3.22.3-3.22.4, 3.22.39, 3.22.43, 3.22.48, 3.22.82, 3.24.67, 3.24.95, 4.1.114, 4.1.162-4.1.163, 4.7.13 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
10. Epictetus, Enchiridion, 53 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
11. Musonius Rufus, Fragments, 8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
12. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, None (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 1.30. But of him, you are in ChristJesus, who was made to us wisdom from God, and righteousness andsanctification, and redemption:
13. New Testament, 1 Thessalonians, 4.9, 4.11-4.12, 5.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 4.9. But concerning brotherly love, you have no need that one write to you. For you yourselves are taught by God to love one another 4.11. and that you make it your ambition to lead a quiet life, and to do your own business, and to work with your own hands, even as we charged you; 4.12. that you may walk properly toward those who are outside, and may have need of nothing. 5.14. We exhort you, brothers, admonish the disorderly, encourage the fainthearted, support the weak, be patient toward all.
14. New Testament, 1 Timothy, 1.7, 4.3-4.5, 5.17-5.18, 6.6, 6.8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 1.7. desiring to be teachers of the law, though they understand neither what they say, nor about what they strongly affirm. 4.3. forbidding marriage and commanding to abstain from foods which God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth. 4.4. For every creature of God is good, and nothing is to be rejected, if it is received with thanksgiving. 4.5. For it is sanctified through the word of God and prayer. 5.17. Let the elders who rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and in teaching. 5.18. For the Scripture says, "You shall not muzzle the ox when it treads out the grain." And, "The laborer is worthy of his wages. 6.6. But godliness with contentment is great gain. 6.8. But having food and clothing, we will be content with that.
15. New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 4.6, 6.8-6.10, 8.15, 9.9, 10.18, 11.9, 13.1 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
16. New Testament, 2 Thessalonians, 2.5, 3.6-3.13 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.5. Don't you remember that, when I was still with you, I told you these things? 3.6. Now we command you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you withdraw yourselves from every brother who walks in rebellion, and not after the tradition which they received from us. 3.7. For you know how you ought to imitate us. For we didn't behave ourselves rebelliously among you 3.8. neither did we eat bread from anyone's hand without paying for it, but in labor and travail worked night and day, that we might not burden any of you; 3.9. not because we don't have the right, but to make ourselves an example to you, that you should imitate us. 3.10. For even when we were with you, we commanded you this: "If anyone will not work, neither let him eat. 3.11. For we hear of some who walk among you in rebellion, who don't work at all, but are busybodies. 3.12. Now those who are that way, we command and exhort in the Lord Jesus Christ, that with quietness they work, and eat their own bread. 3.13. But you, brothers, don't be weary in doing well.
17. New Testament, 2 Timothy, 2.5, 2.19, 3.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.5. Also, if anyone competes in athletics, he isn't crowned unless he has competed by the rules. 2.19. However God's firm foundation stands, having this seal, "The Lord knows those who are his," and, "Let every one who names the name of the Lord depart from unrighteousness. 3.5. holding a form of godliness, but having denied the power thereof. Turn away from these, also.
18. New Testament, Acts, 2.17, 5.34 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 2.17. 'It will be in the last days, says God, I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh. Your sons and your daughters will prophesy. Your young men will see visions. Your old men will dream dreams. 5.34. But one stood up in the council, a Pharisee named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, honored by all the people, and commanded to take the apostles out a little while.
19. New Testament, James, 4.6 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 4.6. But he gives more grace. Therefore it says, "God resists the proud, but gives grace to the humble.
20. New Testament, Ephesians, 2.1-2.10, 3.7, 4.8, 5.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.1. You were made alive when you were dead in transgressions and sins 2.2. in which you once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the powers of the air, the spirit who now works in the sons of disobedience; 2.3. among whom we also all once lived in the lust of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest. 2.4. But God, being rich in mercy, for his great love with which he loved us 2.5. even when we were dead through our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved) 2.6. and raised us up with him, and made us to sit with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus 2.7. that in the ages to come he might show the exceeding riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus; 2.8. for by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God 2.9. not of works, that no one would boast. 2.10. For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared before that we would walk in them. 3.7. whereof I was made a servant, according to the gift of that grace of God which was given me according to the working of his power. 4.8. Therefore he says, "When he ascended on high, he led captivity captive, and gave gifts to men. 5.14. Therefore he says, "Awake, you who sleep, and arise from the dead, and Christ will shine on you.
21. New Testament, Galatians, 2, 2.15, 3.19, 3.23, 4.21, 4.21-5.1, 4.22, 4.23, 4.24, 4.25, 4.26, 4.27, 4.28, 4.29, 4.30, 4.31, 5.18, 6.2, 6.6 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
22. New Testament, Philippians, 2.2-2.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.2. make my joy full, by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind; 2.3. doing nothing through rivalry or through conceit, but in humility, each counting others better than himself; 2.4. each of you not just looking to his own things, but each of you also to the things of others. 2.5. Have this in your mind, which was also in Christ Jesus
23. New Testament, Romans, 1.17, 2.24, 3.1, 3.4, 3.9-3.10, 3.31, 4.17, 6.1, 6.15, 7.7, 8.36, 9.13-9.14, 9.30, 9.33, 10.5-10.13, 10.15, 11.8, 11.26, 15.3, 15.9, 15.21, 15.27 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 1.17. For in it is revealed God's righteousness from faith to faith. As it is written, "But the righteous shall live by faith. 2.24. For "the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you," just as it is written. 3.1. Then what advantage does the Jew have? Or what is the profit of circumcision? 3.4. May it never be! Yes, let God be found true, but every man a liar. As it is written, "That you might be justified in your words, And might prevail when you come into judgment. 3.9. What then? Are we better than they? No, in no way. For we previously charged both Jews and Greeks, that they are all under sin. 3.10. As it is written, "There is no one righteous. No, not one. 3.31. Do we then nullify the law through faith? May it never be! No, we establish the law. 4.17. As it is written, "I have made you a father of many nations." This is in the presence of him whom he believed: God, who gives life to the dead, and calls the things that are not, as though they were. 6.1. What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? 6.15. What then? Shall we sin, because we are not under law, but under grace? May it never be! 7.7. What shall we say then? Is the law sin? May it never be! However, I wouldn't have known sin, except through the law. For I wouldn't have known coveting, unless the law had said, "You shall not covet. 8.36. Even as it is written, "For your sake we are killed all day long. We were accounted as sheep for the slaughter. 9.13. Even as it is written, "Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated. 9.14. What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? May it never be! 9.30. What shall we say then? That the Gentiles, who didn't follow after righteousness, attained to righteousness, even the righteousness which is of faith; 9.33. even as it is written, "Behold, I lay in Zion a stumbling stone and a rock of offense; And no one who believes in him will be put to shame. 10.5. For Moses writes about the righteousness of the law, "The one who does them will live by them. 10.6. But the righteousness which is of faith says this, "Don't say in your heart, 'Who will ascend into heaven?' (that is, to bring Christ down); 10.7. or, 'Who will descend into the abyss?' (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead.) 10.8. But what does it say? "The word is near you, in your mouth, and in your heart;" that is, the word of faith, which we preach: 10.9. that if you will confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus, and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. 10.10. For with the heart, one believes unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation. 10.11. For the Scripture says, "Whoever believes in him will not be put to shame. 10.12. For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is Lord of all, and is rich to all who call on him. 10.13. For, "Whoever will call on the name of the Lord will be saved. 10.15. And how will they preach unless they are sent? As it is written: "How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the gospel of peace, Who bring glad tidings of good things! 11.8. According as it is written, "God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear, to this very day. 11.26. and so all Israel will be saved. Even as it is written, "There will come out of Zion the Deliverer, And he will turn away ungodliness from Jacob. 15.3. For even Christ didn't please himself. But, as it is written, "The reproaches of those who reproached you fell on me. 15.9. and that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy. As it is written, "Therefore will I give praise to you among the Gentiles, And sing to your name. 15.21. But, as it is written, "They will see, to whom no news of him came. They who haven't heard will understand. 15.27. Yes, it has been their good pleasure, and they are their debtors. For if the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, they owe it to them also to serve them in fleshly things.
24. New Testament, John, 2.6 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.6. Now there were six water pots of stone set there after the Jews' manner of purifying, containing two or three metretes apiece.
25. New Testament, Luke, 5.17, 5.21, 10.7 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 5.17. It happened on one of those days, that he was teaching; and there were Pharisees and teachers of the law sitting by, who had come out of every village of Galilee, Judea, and Jerusalem. The power of the Lord was with him to heal them. 5.21. The scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, "Who is this that speaks blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone? 10.7. Remain in that same house, eating and drinking the things they give, for the laborer is worthy of his wages. Don't go from house to house.
26. New Testament, Matthew, 10.1, 10.9-10.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 10.1. He called to himself his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every sickness. 10.9. Don't take any gold, nor silver, nor brass in your money belts. 10.10. Take no bag for your journey, neither two coats, nor shoes, nor staff: for the laborer is worthy of his food.
27. Plutarch, On Stoic Self-Contradictions, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
28. Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory, 4.5.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
29. Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, 4.5.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
30. Seneca The Younger, Letters, 70.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
31. Marcus Aurelius Emperor of Rome, Meditations, 2.5 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
32. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 2.20.9 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
33. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 2.20.9 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
abraham, sons of	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
abraham, two wives of	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
abraham	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 20, 130
abram/abraham	Cover, Philo of Alexandria: On the Change of Names (2023) 584
adiaphora/indistinguishable/neutral	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 160
advantage (sumpheron, utilitas)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 168, 176
allegory/allegorical, genealogical allegory	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
allegory/allegorical, in alexandria	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 20
allegory/allegorical, of hagar/sarah	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
antinomism	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60
antithesis	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
appropriation (oikeiōsis)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 160
aristotle	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 163
athletics/training	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 167, 168
circumcision	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
citation	Immendörfer, Ephesians and Artemis: The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus As the Epistle's Context (2017) 254
comparative method	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 20
contemporization	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60
contradiction, within scripture	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60
corinth, redaction issues	Falcetta, Early Christian Teachers: The 'Didaskaloi' From Their Origins to the Middle of the Second Century (2020) 63
craft/craftsman (technē)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 163, 164, 165, 166
cynics/cynicism, free will	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 306
cynics/cynicism	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 306
cynics	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 154
darkness	Immendörfer, Ephesians and Artemis: The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus As the Epistle's Context (2017) 254
de principiis (on principles, origen)	Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 619
devil/satan	Immendörfer, Ephesians and Artemis: The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus As the Epistle's Context (2017) 254
differentiation	Immendörfer, Ephesians and Artemis: The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus As the Epistle's Context (2017) 254
endtime	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
ephesians, author/authorship	Immendörfer, Ephesians and Artemis: The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus As the Epistle's Context (2017) 254
epictetus	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 161
epistemology, pauls	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 158, 160
epistemology, suneidēsis	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 154
epistle, pastorals	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
eristic, connection with heresy	Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 146
eschatology	Cover, Philo of Alexandria: On the Change of Names (2023) 584
eternity	Cover, Philo of Alexandria: On the Change of Names (2023) 584
ethnicity/ethnic	Jeong, Pauline Baptism among the Mysteries: Ritual Messages and the Promise of Initiation (2023) 179
example, pauline	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 298
exousia	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 154
figurative/allegorical exegesis, different senses or levels of biblical meaning for	Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 619
free will, pauline	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 306
free will, stoicism	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 306
free will	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 297, 298
freedom, pauline	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 297, 306
freedom	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 297
freedom (eleutheria)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 166, 167, 168, 176
gamaliel	Falcetta, Early Christian Teachers: The 'Didaskaloi' From Their Origins to the Middle of the Second Century (2020) 151
gentiles, and the torah/law	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60, 130
gnosticism, as sophistical	Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 146, 147
good, appropriate actions (kathēkonta)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 154, 158, 161
good, right actions (kathorthōmata)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 158
good (agathos)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 158
hagar	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
hermeneutics, and making communities	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
hermeneutics, and the endtime	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
household, divine	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 306
idol food	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 161, 166
impulses	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 77
inclusio	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 298
influence	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 20
interlocutor	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 297
intermediates	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 154, 161, 167
introductory formulae	Immendörfer, Ephesians and Artemis: The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus As the Epistle's Context (2017) 254
irenaeus, on heresy and sophism	Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 146, 147
isaac	Cover, Philo of Alexandria: On the Change of Names (2023) 584
jewish practices/torah observance	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 77, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166
jewish scriptures	Immendörfer, Ephesians and Artemis: The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus As the Epistle's Context (2017) 254
law, of moses	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
law of christ	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166
law of nature/natural law, stoic politics	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 163, 164
law of nature/natural law	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 163, 164, 165
light	Immendörfer, Ephesians and Artemis: The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus As the Epistle's Context (2017) 254
model, pauline	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 298
moses	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 20, 60
myth and mythmaking	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
necessity/require (anagkē, anagkazō)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 155, 158, 165
new perspective on paul school	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 20, 60
nomos/nomoi	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60
old age	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
on principles (de principiis, origen)	Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 619
orality	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60
origen, de principiis (on principles)	Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 619
origen, different senses or levels of biblical meaning	Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 619
origen	Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 619
panaetius generally	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 176
parallels/parallelism	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
passions (pathē)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 168
pastoral epistles	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
pastorals	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
paul, adversaries	Falcetta, Early Christian Teachers: The 'Didaskaloi' From Their Origins to the Middle of the Second Century (2020) 151
paul, attacks against	Falcetta, Early Christian Teachers: The 'Didaskaloi' From Their Origins to the Middle of the Second Century (2020) 151
paul, determinism	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 297, 298, 306
paul, free will	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 297, 298, 306
paul	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
paul (saul)	Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 338
paul and stoicism, relationship of	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 77
peter	Falcetta, Early Christian Teachers: The 'Didaskaloi' From Their Origins to the Middle of the Second Century (2020) 63
philosophers	Falcetta, Early Christian Teachers: The 'Didaskaloi' From Their Origins to the Middle of the Second Century (2020) 151
pistis	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
platonism	Cover, Philo of Alexandria: On the Change of Names (2023) 584; Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 164
pleasure	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 297, 298, 306
posidonius generally	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 163
preaching, pauline	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 306
preferreds (proēgmena)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 167, 168
proverb	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 298, 501
qumran	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 20, 130
rabbis	Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 338
reference, quotation	Immendörfer, Ephesians and Artemis: The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus As the Epistle's Context (2017) 254
resurrection	Jeong, Pauline Baptism among the Mysteries: Ritual Messages and the Promise of Initiation (2023) 179
rhetoric, examples	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 298
rhetoric, questions	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 297, 298
rhetoric, rhetorical	Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 338
rhetoric	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 20, 60
righteousness by pistis/deeds	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60
salvation	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 154, 158, 159, 160, 167, 168
sarah	Cover, Philo of Alexandria: On the Change of Names (2023) 584; Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
scribe (γραμματεύς)	Falcetta, Early Christian Teachers: The 'Didaskaloi' From Their Origins to the Middle of the Second Century (2020) 151
scripture, antithesis within	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60
self-defense, pauline	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 297
shepherd, as rhetorical trope	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 298
shepherd	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 298, 306
shepherd of hermas	Carleton Paget and Schaper, The New Cambridge History of the Bible (2013) 619
slavery	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 158, 159, 160, 161, 167, 168
socrates	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 159, 164, 165
sophistry, heresy connected to	Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 146, 147
stoic(ism)	Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 338
stoicism, determinism	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 306
stoicism, freedom	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 306
stoicism, oikonomia	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 306
supersessionism	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 20
tarfon, r.	Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 338
teacher, of the law	Falcetta, Early Christian Teachers: The 'Didaskaloi' From Their Origins to the Middle of the Second Century (2020) 151
telos	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 154, 157, 158, 159, 168
temple	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 306
textual variants	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
thessalonika	Tomson, Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries (2019) 338
time	Cover, Philo of Alexandria: On the Change of Names (2023) 584
torah, and christ antithesis	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
torah, conceptualization of	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60
torah, for gentiles	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 130
torah, two torot, double torah	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60
torah, written torah/oral torah	Fisch,, Written for Us: Paul’s Interpretation of Scripture and the History of Midrash (2023) 60
tradition	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
triad, the	Falcetta, Early Christian Teachers: The 'Didaskaloi' From Their Origins to the Middle of the Second Century (2020) 63
value (axia)	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 155, 157, 159, 160, 168, 176
virtue	Cover, Philo of Alexandria: On the Change of Names (2023) 584; Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 77, 158, 164, 176
weapon	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 297, 298, 306
weiss, johannes	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
women'	Malherbe et al., Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J (2014) 501
zeus	Wilson, Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency (2022) 158, 164
zimmermann, a.f.	Falcetta, Early Christian Teachers: The 'Didaskaloi' From Their Origins to the Middle of the Second Century (2020) 63
αἰσχροκερδής	Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 146, 147
καπηλεύειν	Boulluec, The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries (2022) 146, 147