Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

8234

New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 8.2
ἡ γνῶσις φυσιοῖ, ἡ δὲ ἀγάπη οἰκοδομεῖ. But ifanyone thinks that he knows anything, he doesn't yet know as he oughtto know.

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29 results
1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 12.8, 32.4, 32.15-32.42 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 12.8. לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר אֲנַחְנוּ עֹשִׂים פֹּה הַיּוֹם אִישׁ כָּל־הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינָיו׃ 32.4. כִּי־אֶשָּׂא אֶל־שָׁמַיִם יָדִי וְאָמַרְתִּי חַי אָנֹכִי לְעֹלָם׃ 32.4. הַצּוּר תָּמִים פָּעֳלוֹ כִּי כָל־דְּרָכָיו מִשְׁפָּט אֵל אֱמוּנָה וְאֵין עָוֶל צַדִּיק וְיָשָׁר הוּא׃ 32.15. וַיִּשְׁמַן יְשֻׁרוּן וַיִּבְעָט שָׁמַנְתָּ עָבִיתָ כָּשִׂיתָ וַיִּטֹּשׁ אֱלוֹהַ עָשָׂהוּ וַיְנַבֵּל צוּר יְשֻׁעָתוֹ׃ 32.16. יַקְנִאֻהוּ בְּזָרִים בְּתוֹעֵבֹת יַכְעִיסֻהוּ׃ 32.17. יִזְבְּחוּ לַשֵּׁדִים לֹא אֱלֹהַ אֱלֹהִים לֹא יְדָעוּם חֲדָשִׁים מִקָּרֹב בָּאוּ לֹא שְׂעָרוּם אֲבֹתֵיכֶם׃ 32.18. צוּר יְלָדְךָ תֶּשִׁי וַתִּשְׁכַּח אֵל מְחֹלְלֶךָ׃ 32.19. וַיַּרְא יְהוָה וַיִּנְאָץ מִכַּעַס בָּנָיו וּבְנֹתָיו׃ 32.21. הֵם קִנְאוּנִי בְלֹא־אֵל כִּעֲסוּנִי בְּהַבְלֵיהֶם וַאֲנִי אַקְנִיאֵם בְּלֹא־עָם בְּגוֹי נָבָל אַכְעִיסֵם׃ 32.22. כִּי־אֵשׁ קָדְחָה בְאַפִּי וַתִּיקַד עַד־שְׁאוֹל תַּחְתִּית וַתֹּאכַל אֶרֶץ וִיבֻלָהּ וַתְּלַהֵט מוֹסְדֵי הָרִים׃ 32.23. אַסְפֶּה עָלֵימוֹ רָעוֹת חִצַּי אֲכַלֶּה־בָּם׃ 32.24. מְזֵי רָעָב וּלְחֻמֵי רֶשֶׁף וְקֶטֶב מְרִירִי וְשֶׁן־בְּהֵמוֹת אֲשַׁלַּח־בָּם עִם־חֲמַת זֹחֲלֵי עָפָר׃ 32.25. מִחוּץ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶרֶב וּמֵחֲדָרִים אֵימָה גַּם־בָּחוּר גַּם־בְּתוּלָה יוֹנֵק עִם־אִישׁ שֵׂיבָה׃ 32.26. אָמַרְתִּי אַפְאֵיהֶם אַשְׁבִּיתָה מֵאֱנוֹשׁ זִכְרָם׃ 32.27. לוּלֵי כַּעַס אוֹיֵב אָגוּר פֶּן־יְנַכְּרוּ צָרֵימוֹ פֶּן־יֹאמְרוּ יָדֵינוּ רָמָה וְלֹא יְהוָה פָּעַל כָּל־זֹאת׃ 32.28. כִּי־גוֹי אֹבַד עֵצוֹת הֵמָּה וְאֵין בָּהֶם תְּבוּנָה׃ 32.29. לוּ חָכְמוּ יַשְׂכִּילוּ זֹאת יָבִינוּ לְאַחֲרִיתָם׃ 32.31. כִּי לֹא כְצוּרֵנוּ צוּרָם וְאֹיְבֵינוּ פְּלִילִים׃ 32.32. כִּי־מִגֶּפֶן סְדֹם גַּפְנָם וּמִשַּׁדְמֹת עֲמֹרָה עֲנָבֵמוֹ עִנְּבֵי־רוֹשׁ אַשְׁכְּלֹת מְרֹרֹת לָמוֹ׃ 32.33. חֲמַת תַּנִּינִם יֵינָם וְרֹאשׁ פְּתָנִים אַכְזָר׃ 32.34. הֲלֹא־הוּא כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי חָתֻם בְּאוֹצְרֹתָי׃ 32.35. לִי נָקָם וְשִׁלֵּם לְעֵת תָּמוּט רַגְלָם כִּי קָרוֹב יוֹם אֵידָם וְחָשׁ עֲתִדֹת לָמוֹ׃ 32.36. כִּי־יָדִין יְהוָה עַמּוֹ וְעַל־עֲבָדָיו יִתְנֶחָם כִּי יִרְאֶה כִּי־אָזְלַת יָד וְאֶפֶס עָצוּר וְעָזוּב׃ 32.37. וְאָמַר אֵי אֱלֹהֵימוֹ צוּר חָסָיוּ בוֹ׃ 32.38. אֲשֶׁר חֵלֶב זְבָחֵימוֹ יֹאכֵלוּ יִשְׁתּוּ יֵין נְסִיכָם יָקוּמוּ וְיַעְזְרֻכֶם יְהִי עֲלֵיכֶם סִתְרָה׃ 32.39. רְאוּ עַתָּה כִּי אֲנִי אֲנִי הוּא וְאֵין אֱלֹהִים עִמָּדִי אֲנִי אָמִית וַאֲחַיֶּה מָחַצְתִּי וַאֲנִי אֶרְפָּא וְאֵין מִיָּדִי מַצִּיל׃ 32.41. אִם־שַׁנּוֹתִי בְּרַק חַרְבִּי וְתֹאחֵז בְּמִשְׁפָּט יָדִי אָשִׁיב נָקָם לְצָרָי וְלִמְשַׂנְאַי אֲשַׁלֵּם׃ 32.42. אַשְׁכִּיר חִצַּי מִדָּם וְחַרְבִּי תֹּאכַל בָּשָׂר מִדַּם חָלָל וְשִׁבְיָה מֵרֹאשׁ פַּרְעוֹת אוֹיֵב׃ 12.8. Ye shall not do after all that we do here this day, every man whatsoever is right in his own eyes;" 32.4. The Rock, His work is perfect; For all His ways are justice; A God of faithfulness and without iniquity, Just and right is He. ." 32.15. But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked— Thou didst wax fat, thou didst grow thick, thou didst become gross— And he forsook God who made him, And contemned the Rock of his salvation." 32.16. They roused Him to jealousy with strange gods, With abominations did they provoke Him." 32.17. They sacrificed unto demons, no-gods, Gods that they knew not, New gods that came up of late, Which your fathers dreaded not." 32.18. of the Rock that begot thee thou wast unmindful, And didst forget God that bore thee. ." 32.19. And the LORD saw, and spurned, Because of the provoking of His sons and His daughters." 32.20. And He said: ‘I will hide My face from them, I will see what their end shall be; For they are a very froward generation, Children in whom is no faithfulness." 32.21. They have roused Me to jealousy with a no-god; They have provoked Me with their vanities; And I will rouse them to jealousy with a no-people; I will provoke them with a vile nation." 32.22. For a fire is kindled in My nostril, And burneth unto the depths of the nether-world, And devoureth the earth with her produce, And setteth ablaze the foundations of the mountains." 32.23. I will heap evils upon them; I will spend Mine arrows upon them;" 32.24. The wasting of hunger, and the devouring of the fiery bolt, And bitter destruction; And the teeth of beasts will I send upon them, With the venom of crawling things of the dust." 32.25. Without shall the sword bereave, And in the chambers terror; Slaying both young man and virgin, The suckling with the man of gray hairs." 32.26. I thought I would make an end of them, I would make their memory cease from among men;" 32.27. Were it not that I dreaded the enemy’s provocation, Lest their adversaries should misdeem, Lest they should say: Our hand is exalted, And not the LORD hath wrought all this.’" 32.28. For they are a nation void of counsel, And there is no understanding in them." 32.29. If they were wise, they would understand this, They would discern their latter end." 32.30. How should one chase a thousand, And two put ten thousand to flight, Except their Rock had given them over And the LORD had delivered them up?" 32.31. For their rock is not as our Rock, Even our enemies themselves being judges." 32.32. For their vine is of the vine of Sodom, And of the fields of Gomorrah; Their grapes are grapes of gall, Their clusters are bitter;" 32.33. Their wine is the venom of serpents, And the cruel poison of asps." 32.34. ’Is not this laid up in store with Me, Sealed up in My treasuries?" 32.35. Vengeance is Mine, and recompense, Against the time when their foot shall slip; For the day of their calamity is at hand, And the things that are to come upon them shall make haste." 32.36. For the LORD will judge His people, And repent Himself for His servants; When He seeth that their stay is gone, And there is none remaining, shut up or left at large." 32.37. And it is said: Where are their gods, The rock in whom they trusted;" 32.38. Who did eat the fat of their sacrifices, and drank the wine of their drink-offering? Let him rise up and help you, Let him be your protection." 32.39. See now that I, even I, am He, And there is no god with Me; I kill, and I make alive; I have wounded, and I heal; And there is none that can deliver out of My hand." 32.40. For I lift up My hand to heaven, And say: As I live for ever," 32.41. If I whet My glittering sword, And My hand take hold on judgment; I will render vengeance to Mine adversaries, And will recompense them that hate Me." 32.42. I will make Mine arrows drunk with blood, And My sword shall devour flesh; With the blood of the slain and the captives, From the long-haired heads of the enemy.’"
2. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 17.7 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 17.7. וְלֹא־יִזְבְּחוּ עוֹד אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם לַשְּׂעִירִם אֲשֶׁר הֵם זֹנִים אַחֲרֵיהֶם חֻקַּת עוֹלָם תִּהְיֶה־זֹּאת לָהֶם לְדֹרֹתָם׃ 17.7. And they shall no more sacrifice their sacrifices unto the satyrs, after whom they go astray. This shall be a statute for ever unto them throughout their generations. ."
3. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 21.5-21.9 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 21.5. וַיְדַבֵּר הָעָם בֵּאלֹהִים וּבְמֹשֶׁה לָמָה הֶעֱלִיתֻנוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם לָמוּת בַּמִּדְבָּר כִּי אֵין לֶחֶם וְאֵין מַיִם וְנַפְשֵׁנוּ קָצָה בַּלֶּחֶם הַקְּלֹקֵל׃ 21.6. וַיְשַׁלַּח יְהוָה בָּעָם אֵת הַנְּחָשִׁים הַשְּׂרָפִים וַיְנַשְּׁכוּ אֶת־הָעָם וַיָּמָת עַם־רָב מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל׃ 21.7. וַיָּבֹא הָעָם אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וַיֹּאמְרוּ חָטָאנוּ כִּי־דִבַּרְנוּ בַיהוָה וָבָךְ הִתְפַּלֵּל אֶל־יְהוָה וְיָסֵר מֵעָלֵינוּ אֶת־הַנָּחָשׁ וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל מֹשֶׁה בְּעַד הָעָם׃ 21.8. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה עֲשֵׂה לְךָ שָׂרָף וְשִׂים אֹתוֹ עַל־נֵס וְהָיָה כָּל־הַנָּשׁוּךְ וְרָאָה אֹתוֹ וָחָי׃ 21.9. וַיַּעַשׂ מֹשֶׁה נְחַשׁ נְחֹשֶׁת וַיְשִׂמֵהוּ עַל־הַנֵּס וְהָיָה אִם־נָשַׁךְ הַנָּחָשׁ אֶת־אִישׁ וְהִבִּיט אֶל־נְחַשׁ הַנְּחֹשֶׁת וָחָי׃ 21.5. And the people spoke against God, and against Moses: ‘Wherefore have ye brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? for there is no bread, and there is no water; and our soul loatheth this light bread.’" 21.6. And the LORD sent fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and much people of Israel died." 21.7. And the people came to Moses, and said: ‘We have sinned, because we have spoken against the LORD, and against thee; pray unto the LORD, that He take away the serpents from us.’ And Moses prayed for the people." 21.8. And the LORD said unto Moses: ‘Make thee a fiery serpent, and set it upon a pole; and it shall come to pass, that every one that is bitten, when he seeth it, shall live.’" 21.9. And Moses made a serpent of brass, and set it upon the pole; and it came to pass, that if a serpent had bitten any man, when he looked unto the serpent of brass, he lived."
4. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 82.6, 106.37 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 82.6. אֲ‍נִי־אָמַרְתִּי אֱלֹהִים אַתֶּם וּבְנֵי עֶלְיוֹן כֻּלְּכֶם׃ 106.37. וַיִּזְבְּחוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶם לַשֵּׁדִים׃ 82.6. I said: Ye are godlike beings, and all of you sons of the Most High." 106.37. Yea, they sacrificed their sons and their daughters unto demons,"
5. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 2.8, 65.3 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) 2.8. וַתִּמָּלֵא אַרְצוֹ אֱלִילִים לְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדָיו יִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לַאֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ אֶצְבְּעֹתָיו׃ 65.3. הָעָם הַמַּכְעִיסִים אוֹתִי עַל־פָּנַי תָּמִיד זֹבְחִים בַּגַּנּוֹת וּמְקַטְּרִים עַל־הַלְּבֵנִים׃ 2.8. Their land also is full of idols; Every one worshippeth the work of his own hands, That which his own fingers have made." 65.3. A people that provoke Me to My face continually, that sacrifice in gardens, and burn incense upon bricks;"
6. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 30.13 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) 30.13. כֹּה־אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה וְהַאֲבַדְתִּי גִלּוּלִים וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי אֱלִילִים מִנֹּף וְנָשִׂיא מֵאֶרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם לֹא יִהְיֶה־עוֹד וְנָתַתִּי יִרְאָה בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם׃ 30.13. Thus saith the Lord GOD: I will also destroy the idols, And I will cause the things of nought to cease from Noph; And there shall be no more a prince out of the land of Egypt; And I will put a fear in the land of Egypt."
7. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 13.10-13.19, 16.2-16.3, 16.5, 16.10, 16.12-16.14 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 13.10. But miserable, with their hopes set on dead things, are the men who give the name "gods" to the works of mens hands,gold and silver fashioned with skill,and likenesses of animals,or a useless stone, the work of an ancient hand. 13.11. A skilled woodcutter may saw down a tree easy to handle and skilfully strip off all its bark,and then with pleasing workmanship make a useful vessel that serves lifes needs 13.12. and burn the castoff pieces of his work to prepare his food, and eat his fill. 13.13. But a castoff piece from among them, useful for nothing,a stick crooked and full of knots,he takes and carves with care in his leisure,and shapes it with skill gained in idleness;he forms it like the image of a man 13.14. or makes it like some worthless animal,giving it a coat of red paint and coloring its surface red and covering every blemish in it with paint; 13.15. then he makes for it a niche that befits it,and sets it in the wall, and fastens it there with iron. 13.16. So he takes thought for it, that it may not fall,because he knows that it cannot help itself,for it is only an image and has need of help. 13.17. When he prays about possessions and his marriage and children,he is not ashamed to address a lifeless thing. 13.18. For health he appeals to a thing that is weak;for life he prays to a thing that is dead;for aid he entreats a thing that is utterly inexperienced;for a prosperous journey, a thing that cannot take a step; 13.19. for money-making and work and success with his hands he asks strength of a thing whose hands have no strength. 16.2. Instead of this punishment thou didst show kindness to thy people,and thou didst prepare quails to eat,a delicacy to satisfy the desire of appetite; 16.3. in order that those men, when they desired food,might lose the least remt of appetite because of the odious creatures sent to them,while thy people, after suffering want a short time,might partake of delicacies. 16.5. For when the terrible rage of wild beasts came upon thy people and they were being destroyed by the bites of writhing serpents,thy wrath did not continue to the end; 16.10. but thy sons were not conquered even by the teeth of venomous serpents,for thy mercy came to their help and healed them. 16.12. For neither herb nor poultice cured them,but it was thy word, O Lord, which heals all men. 16.13. For thou hast power over life and death;thou dost lead men down to the gates of Hades and back again. 16.14. A man in his wickedness kills another,but he cannot bring back the departed spirit,nor set free the imprisoned soul.
8. Philo of Alexandria, On The Migration of Abraham, 154-157, 151 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) 151. for this is that disposition which attaches itself to the soul in such a manner as to be difficult to shake off, hindering it from proceeding swiftly on its progress towards virtue. This, too, when we leave Egypt, that is to say, the whole of the district connected with the body, being anxious to unlearn our subjection to the passions, in accordance with the language and precepts of the prophet Moses, follows us close, checking and impeding our zeal in the departure, and out of envy causing delay to the rapidity of setting forth;
9. Philo of Alexandria, On The Special Laws, 4.126-4.131 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) 4.126. The lawgiver blames some persons of his time as gluttons, and as believing that the mere indulgence of luxury is the happiest of all possible conditions, not being content to live in this manner only in cities in which there were abundant supplies and stores of all kinds of necessary things, but carrying their effeminacy even into pathless and untrodden deserts, and choosing in them also to have markets for fish and meat, and all things which can contribute to an easy life: 4.127. then, when a scarcity arose, they assembled together and raised an outcry, and looked miserable, and with shameless audacity impeached their ruler, and did not desist from creating disturbances till they obtained what they desired; and they obtained it to their destruction, for two reasons: first of all, that it might be shown that all things are possible to God, who can find a way in the most difficult and apparently hopeless circumstances; and secondly, that punishment might fall on those who were intemperate in their gluttonous appetites, and obstinate resisters of holiness. 4.128. For a vast cloud being Raised{28}{#ex 16:13.} out of the sea showered down quails about the time of sunrise, and the camp and all the district around it for a day's journey for a well-girt active man was overshadowed all about with the Birds.{29}{#nu 11:31.} And the height of the flight of the birds was distant from the ground a height of about two cubits, in order that they might be easily caught. 4.129. It would have been natural therefore for them, being amazed at the marvellous nature of the prodigy which they beheld, to be satisfied with the sight, and being filled with piety to nourish their souls on that, and to abstain from eating flesh; but these men, on the contrary, stirred up their desires even more than before, and pursued these birds as the greatest good imaginable, and catching hold of them with both their hands filled their bosoms; then, having stored them up in their tents, they sallied forth to catch others, for immoderate covetousness has no limit. And when they had collected every description of food they devoured it insatiably, being about, vain-minded generation that they were, to perish by their own fulness; 4.130. and indeed at no distant time they did perish by the purging of their bile, {30}{#nu 11:20.} so that the place itself derived its name from the calamity which fell upon them, for it was called the graves of their lust, {31}{see #Nu 11:34: "And he called the name of that place Kibroth-hattaavah, because there they buried the people that lusted."} than which there is not in the soul, as the scripture teaches, us, any greater evil. 4.131. For which reason Moses says with great beauty in his recommendations, "Let not every man do that which seemeth good to his own Eyes,"{32}{#de 11:8.} which is equivalent to saying, let not any one gratify his own desire, but let each person seek to please God, and the world, and nature, and wise men, repudiating self-love, if he would become a good and virtuous man.XXV.
10. Anon., Epistle of Barnabas, 7, 10 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
11. Anon., Didache, 13.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
12. Dio Chrysostom, Orations, 4.83-4.96 (1st cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) 4.83.  "Now as there are, roughly speaking, three prevailing types of lives which the majority usually adopt, not after thoughtful consideration and testing, I assure you, but because they are carried away by chance and thoughtless impulse, we must affirm that there is just the same number of spirits whom the great mass of foolish humanity follows and serves — some men one spirit and some another — just as a wicked and wanton troop follows a wicked and frenzied leader. 4.84.  of these types of lives which I have mentioned, the first is luxurious and self-indulgent as regards bodily pleasures, the second, in its turn, is acquisitive and avaricious, while the third is more conspicuous and more disordered than the other two — I mean the one that loves honour and glory — and it manifests a more evident and violent disorder or frenzy, deluding itself into believing that it is enamoured of some noble ideal. 4.85.  "Therefore, come, let us imitate clever artists. They put the impress of their thought and art upon practically everything, representing not only the various gods in human forms but everything else as well. Sometimes they paint rivers in the likeness of men and springs in certain feminine shapes, yes, and islands and cities and well-nigh everything else, like Homer, who boldly represented the Scamander as speaking beneath his flood 4.86.  and though they cannot give speech to their figures, nevertheless do give them forms and symbols appropriate to their nature, as, for example, their river gods recline, usually naked, and wear long flowing beards and on their heads crowns of tamarisk or rushes. 4.87.  Let us then show ourselves to be no whit worse or less competent in the field of discourse than they in their several arts as we mould and depict the characters of the three spirits of the three lives, therein displaying an accomplishment the reverse of and complementary to the skill and prophetic power of the physiognomists, as they call them. 4.88.  These men can determine and announce a man's character from his shape and appearance; while we propose to draw from a man's habits and acts, a type and shape that will match the physiognomist's work — that is, if we shall succeed in getting hold rather of the average and lower types. 4.89.  Since our purpose is to show the absurdity existing in human lives, there is no impropriety or objection to our being seen imitating poets or artists or, if need be, priests of purification and to our striving to furnish illustrations and examples from every source, in the hope of being able to win souls from evil, delusion, and wicked desires and to lead them to love virtue and to long for a better life; 4.90.  or else we might follow the practice of some of those who deal with initiations and rites of purification, who appease the wrath of Hecate and undertake to make a person sound, and then before the cleansing process, as I understand, set forth and point to the many and various visions that, as they claim, the goddess sends when angry. 4.91.  "Well, then, the avaricious spirit craves gold, silver, lands, cattle, blocks of houses, and every kind of possession. Would it not be represented by a good artist as downcast and gloomy of appearance, humble and mean of dress — aye, as squalid and ragged, loving neither children nor parents nor native land, and recognizing no kinship but that of money, and considering the gods as nothing more than that which reveals to him many vast treasures or the deaths of certain kinsfolk and connections from whom he might inherit, regarding our holy festivals as sheer loss and useless expense, never laughing or smiling 4.92.  eyeing all with suspicion and thinking them dangerous, distrusting everybody, having a rapacious look, ever twitching his fingers as he computes his own property, I take it, or that of someone else — a spirit not only without appreciation or capacity for any other thing, but scoffing at education and literature except when they have to do with estimates and contracts, the still blinder lover of wealth, which is rightly described and portrayed as blind; 4.93.  mad about every kind of possession and thinking that nothing should be thrown away; unlike the magnetic stone, which they say attracts iron to itself, but amassing copper and lead as well, yes, even sand and rock if anyone gives them, and everywhere and in almost every case regarding possession as more profitable and better than non-possession. He is most frantic and eager, however, to get money, simply because success here is quickest and cheapest, since money goes on piling up day and night and outstrips, I ween, the circuits of the moon. 4.94.  He recks naught of dislike, hate, and curses and, besides, holds that while other kinds of possessions may be pretty baubles wherewith to amuse oneself, money, to put it succinctly, is the very essence of wealth. 4.95.  This, therefore, is what he seeks and pursues from any and every source, never concerning himself at all to ask whether it is acquired by shameful or by unjust means, except insofar as, observing the punishments meted out to footpads, he lets cowardice get the better of him and becomes cautious. For he has the soul of a worthless cur, that snatches up things when it expects not to be noticed, and looks on other morsels with longing eyes but keeps away from them, though reluctantly, because the guards are by. 4.96.  So let him be a man insignificant in appearance, servile, unsleeping, never smiling, ever quarrelling and fighting with someone, very much like a pander, who in garb as well as in character is shameless and niggardly, dressed in a coloured mantle, the finery of one of his harlots.
13. Epictetus, Discourses, 2.18.19, 2.19.26-2.19.27, 3.24.60, 3.24.64-3.24.65, 3.24.67-3.24.70, 4.1.81-4.1.82, 4.1.90, 4.4.47 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
14. Josephus Flavius, Against Apion, 2.252-2.253 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.252. The painters also, and statuaries of Greece, had herein great power, as each of them could contrive a shape [proper for a god]; the one to be formed out of clay, and the other by making a bare picture of such a one; but those workmen that were principally admired, had the use of ivory and of gold as the constant materials for their new statues; 2.253. [whereby it comes to pass that some temples are quite deserted, while others are in great esteem, and adorned with all the rites of all kinds of purification]. Besides this, the first gods, who have long flourished in the honors done them, are now grown old [while those that flourished after them are come in their room as a second rank, that I may speak the most honorably of them that I can]:
15. New Testament, 1 John, 4.8, 4.13 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 4.8. He who doesn't love doesn't know God, for God is love. 4.13. By this we know that we remain in him and he in us, because he has given us of his Spirit.
16. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, None (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 1.10. Now Ibeg you, brothers, through the name of our Lord, Jesus Christ, that youall speak the same thing and that there be no divisions among you, butthat you be perfected together in the same mind and in the samejudgment.
17. New Testament, 1 Thessalonians, 1.8-1.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 1.8. For from you has sounded forth the word of the Lord, not only in Macedonia and Achaia, but also in every place your faith toward God has gone forth; so that we need not to say anything. 1.9. For they themselves report concerning us what kind of a reception we had from you; and how you turned to God from idols, to serve a living and true God
18. New Testament, 1 Timothy, 5.18 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 5.18. For the Scripture says, "You shall not muzzle the ox when it treads out the grain." And, "The laborer is worthy of his wages.
19. New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 1.1-2.13, 1.12, 2.14-6.13, 5.9, 5.10, 6.16, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18, 7.19, 7.20, 7.21, 7.22, 7.23, 7.24, 7.25, 7.26, 7.27, 7.28, 7.29, 7.30, 7.31, 7.32, 7.33, 7.34, 7.35, 7.36, 7.37, 7.38, 7.39, 7.40, 8, 9, 10.1-13.13, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 11.5, 13.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
20. New Testament, Acts, 10.9-10.16, 10.28 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 10.9. Now on the next day as they were on their journey, and got close to the city, Peter went up on the housetop to pray at about noon. 10.10. He became hungry and desired to eat, but while they were preparing, he fell into a trance. 10.11. He saw heaven opened and a certain container descending to him, like a great sheet let down by four corners on the earth 10.12. in which were all kinds of four-footed animals of the earth, wild animals, reptiles, and birds of the sky. 10.13. A voice came to him, "Rise, Peter, kill and eat! 10.14. But Peter said, "Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten anything that is common or unclean. 10.15. A voice came to him again the second time, "What God has cleansed, you must not make unholy. 10.16. This was done three times, and immediately the vessel was received up into heaven. 10.28. He said to them, "You yourselves know how it is an unlawful thing for a man who is a Jew to join himself or come to one of another nation, but God has shown me that I shouldn't call any man unholy or unclean.
21. New Testament, Apocalypse, 2.14-2.16, 2.20-2.25, 17.8, 17.11 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.14. But I have a few things against you, because you have there some who hold the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to throw a stumbling block before the children of Israel , to eat things sacrificed to idols, and to commit sexual immorality. 2.15. So you also have some who hold to the teaching of the Nicolaitans in the same way. 2.16. Repent therefore, or else I am coming to you quickly, and I will make war against them with the sword of my mouth. 2.20. But I have this against you, that you tolerate your woman, Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess. She teaches and seduces my servants to commit sexual immorality, and to eat things sacrificed to idols. 2.21. I gave her time to repent, but she refuses to repent of her sexual immorality. 2.22. Behold, I will throw her into a bed, and those who commit adultery with her into great oppression, unless they repent of her works. 2.23. I will kill her children with Death, and all the assemblies will know that I am he who searches the minds and hearts. I will give to each one of you according to your deeds. 2.24. But to you I say, to the rest who are in Thyatira, as many as don't have this teaching, who don't know what some call 'the deep things of Satan,' to you I say, I am not putting any other burden on you. 2.25. Nevertheless that which you have, hold firmly until I come. 17.8. The beast that you saw was, and is not; and is about to come up out of the abyss, and to go into destruction. Those who dwell on the earth will wonder, whose name has not been written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they see that the beast was, and is not, and will pe present. 17.11. The beast that was, and is not, is himself also an eighth, and is of the seven; and he goes to destruction.
22. New Testament, Ephesians, 2.1-2.3, 2.8, 4.22, 5.1-5.10, 5.14 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.1. You were made alive when you were dead in transgressions and sins 2.2. in which you once walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the powers of the air, the spirit who now works in the sons of disobedience; 2.3. among whom we also all once lived in the lust of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest. 2.8. for by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God 4.22. that you put away, as concerning your former way of life, the old man, that grows corrupt after the lusts of deceit; 5.1. Be therefore imitators of God, as beloved children. 5.2. Walk in love, even as Christ also loved you, and gave himself up for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweet-smelling fragrance. 5.3. But sexual immorality, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not even be mentioned among you, as becomes saints; 5.4. nor filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not appropriate; but rather giving of thanks. 5.5. Know this for sure, that no sexually immoral person, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, has any inheritance in the Kingdom of Christ and God. 5.6. Let no one deceive you with empty words. For because of these things, the wrath of God comes on the sons of disobedience. 5.7. Therefore don't be partakers with them. 5.8. For you were once darkness, but are now light in the Lord. Walk as children of light 5.9. for the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth 5.10. proving what is well-pleasing to the Lord. 5.14. Therefore he says, "Awake, you who sleep, and arise from the dead, and Christ will shine on you.
23. New Testament, Galatians, 4.8-4.11, 5.16-5.23 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 4.8. However at that time, not knowing God, youwere in bondage to those who by nature are not gods. 4.9. But now thatyou have come to know God, or rather to be known by God, why do youturn back again to the weak and miserable elements, to which you desireto be in bondage all over again? 4.10. You observe days, months,seasons, and years. 4.11. I am afraid for you, that I might havewasted my labor for you. 5.16. But I say, walk by the Spirit, and you won't fulfill the lust ofthe flesh. 5.17. For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and theSpirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one other, that youmay not do the things that you desire. 5.18. But if you are led by theSpirit, you are not under the law. 5.19. Now the works of the fleshare obvious, which are: adultery, sexual immorality, uncleanness,lustfulness 5.20. idolatry, sorcery, hatred, strife, jealousies,outbursts of anger, rivalries, divisions, heresies 5.21. envyings,murders, drunkenness, orgies, and things like these; of which Iforewarn you, even as I also forewarned you, that those who practicesuch things will not inherit the Kingdom of God. 5.22. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience,kindness, goodness, faithfulness 5.23. gentleness, and self-control.Against such things there is no law.
24. New Testament, Philippians, 3.12-3.15 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 3.12. Not that I have already obtained, or am already made perfect; but I press on, if it is so that I may take hold of that for which also I was taken hold of by Christ Jesus. 3.13. Brothers, I don't regard myself as yet having taken hold, but one thing I do. Forgetting the things which are behind, and stretching forward to the things which are before 3.14. I press on toward the goal for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. 3.15. Let us therefore, as many as are perfect, think this way. If in anything you think otherwise, God will also reveal that to you.
25. New Testament, Romans, 2.15, 3.8, 6.1-6.23, 8.2-8.14, 9.1, 11.11-11.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 2.15. in that they show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience testifying with them, and their thoughts among themselves accusing or else excusing them) 3.8. Why not (as we are slanderously reported, and as some affirm that we say), "Let us do evil, that good may come?" Those who say so are justly condemned. 6.1. What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? 6.2. May it never be! We who died to sin, how could we live in it any longer? 6.3. Or don't you know that all we who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? 6.4. We were buried therefore with him through baptism to death, that just like Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we also might walk in newness of life. 6.5. For if we have become united with him in the likeness of his death, we will also be part of his resurrection; 6.6. knowing this, that our old man was crucified with him, that the body of sin might be done away with, so that we would no longer be in bondage to sin. 6.7. For he who has died has been freed from sin. 6.8. But if we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him; 6.9. knowing that Christ, being raised from the dead, dies no more. Death no more has dominion over him! 6.10. For the death that he died, he died to sin one time; but the life that he lives, he lives to God. 6.11. Thus also consider yourselves also to be dead to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord. 6.12. Therefore don't let sin reign in your mortal body, that you should obey it in its lusts. 6.13. Neither present your members to sin as instruments of unrighteousness, but present yourselves to God, as alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness to God. 6.14. For sin will not have dominion over you. For you are not under law, but under grace. 6.15. What then? Shall we sin, because we are not under law, but under grace? May it never be! 6.16. Don't you know that to whom you present yourselves as servants to obedience, his servants you are whom you obey; whether of sin to death, or of obedience to righteousness? 6.17. But thanks be to God, that, whereas you were bondservants of sin, you became obedient from the heart to that form of teaching whereunto you were delivered. 6.18. Being made free from sin, you became bondservants of righteousness. 6.19. I speak in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh, for as you presented your members as servants to uncleanness and to wickedness upon wickedness, even so now present your members as servants to righteousness for sanctification. 6.20. For when you were servants of sin, you were free in regard to righteousness. 6.21. What fruit then did you have at that time in the things of which you are now ashamed? For the end of those things is death. 6.22. But now, being made free from sin, and having become servants of God, you have your fruit of sanctification, and the result of eternal life. 6.23. For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord. 8.2. For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus made me free from the law of sin and of death. 8.3. For what the law couldn't do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God did, sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, he condemned sin in the flesh; 8.4. that the ordice of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit. 8.5. For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. 8.6. For the mind of the flesh is death, but the mind of the Spirit is life and peace; 8.7. because the mind of the flesh is hostile towards God; for it is not subject to God's law, neither indeed can it be. 8.8. Those who are in the flesh can't please God. 8.9. But you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if it is so that the Spirit of God dwells in you. But if any man doesn't have the Spirit of Christ, he is not his. 8.10. If Christ is in you, the body is dead because of sin, but the spirit is alive because of righteousness. 8.11. But if the Spirit of him who raised up Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised up Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you. 8.12. So then, brothers, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live after the flesh. 8.13. For if you live after the flesh, you must die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live. 8.14. For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are children of God. 9.1. I tell the truth in Christ. I am not lying, my conscience testifying with me in the Holy Spirit 11.11. I ask then, did they stumble that they might fall? May it never be! But by their fall salvation has come to the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy. 11.12. Now if their fall is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fullness?
26. New Testament, Luke, 10.7 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 10.7. Remain in that same house, eating and drinking the things they give, for the laborer is worthy of his wages. Don't go from house to house.
27. New Testament, Matthew, 7.21, 10.10, 11.28 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) 7.21. Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter into the Kingdom of Heaven; but he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. 10.10. Take no bag for your journey, neither two coats, nor shoes, nor staff: for the laborer is worthy of his food. 11.28. Come to me, all you who labor and are heavily burdened, and I will give you rest.
28. Justin, Dialogue With Trypho, 40-41, 20 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) 20. Justin: Moreover, you were commanded to abstain from certain kinds of food, in order that you might keep God before your eyes while you ate and drank, seeing that you were prone and very ready to depart from His knowledge, as Moses also affirms: 'The people ate and drank, and rose up to play.' Exodus 32:6 And again: 'Jacob ate, and was satisfied, and grew fat; and he who was beloved kicked: he grew fat, he grew thick, he was enlarged, and he forsook God who had made him.' Deuteronomy 32:15 For it was told you by Moses in the book of Genesis, that God granted to Noah, being a just man, to eat of every animal, but not of flesh with the blood, which is dead. And as he was ready to say, as the green herbs, I anticipated him: Why do you not receive this statement, 'as the green herbs,' in the sense in which it was given by God, to wit, that just as God has granted the herbs for sustece to man, even so has He given the animals for the diet of flesh? But, you say, a distinction was laid down thereafter to Noah, because we do not eat certain herbs. As you interpret it, the thing is incredible. And first I shall not occupy myself with this, though able to say and to hold that every vegetable is food, and fit to be eaten. But although we discriminate between green herbs, not eating all, we refrain from eating some, not because they are common or unclean, but because they are bitter, or deadly, or thorny. But we lay hands on and take of all herbs which are sweet, very nourishing and good, whether they are marine or land plants. Thus also God by the mouth of Moses commanded you to abstain from unclean and improper and violent animals: when, moreover, though you were eating manna in the desert, and were seeing all those wondrous acts wrought for you by God, you made and worshipped the golden calf. Hence he cries continually, and justly, 'They are foolish children, in whom is no faith.' Deuteronomy 32:6, 20
29. Pseudo-Tertullian, Martyrdom of Perpetua And Felicitas, 6

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
abyss	McDonough (2009), Christ as Creator: Origins of a New Testament Doctrine, 161
advantage (sumpheron,utilitas)	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 124
agency,divine	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 123
agency,divine and human in paul	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 123
agency,human	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 123
agency,transferral of in paul	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 123
alcinous	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
apostle	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 404
appropriation (oikeiōsis)	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 124
augustine	Cheuk-Yin Yam (2019), Trinity and Grace in Augustine, 95
authority	Papaioannou et al. (2021), Rhetoric and Religion in Ancient Greece and Rome, 180; Papaioannou, Serafim and Demetriou (2021), Rhetoric and Religion in Ancient Greece and Rome, 180
censure	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
christianity,convert	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
christianity,early,feasting practices	König (2012), Saints and Symposiasts: The Literature of Food and the Symposium in Greco-Roman and Early Christian Culture, 127
christianity,early,relationship between early christian and jewish feasting and feasting literature	König (2012), Saints and Symposiasts: The Literature of Food and the Symposium in Greco-Roman and Early Christian Culture, 127
cook-shops	McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 223
corinth	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 109
corinthian assembly,correspondence	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
cynics/cynicism	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
deity,deities	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
deity,temples to	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50
demons	McDonough (2009), Christ as Creator: Origins of a New Testament Doctrine, 160, 161
desires	Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 109, 110
deus dilectio/caritas est	Cheuk-Yin Yam (2019), Trinity and Grace in Augustine, 666
didaskalikos (alcinous)	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
dining	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
diogenes,the cynic in epictetus	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 238
education,stoicism	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
epictetus	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 239
epicureans,epicureanism	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 53
epistemology,pauls	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 150
esler,p.	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 238
eucharist,of bread and water	McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 223
exousia	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 150, 151
family	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
free will	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
freedom,and cognition	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 123
freedom,pauline	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
freedom	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
freedom (eleutheria)	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 149, 150
friendship,divine-human	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 140
galen.,on intellectual independence	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
gift of cognition,in epictetus and paul	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 123
gluttons,gluttony	Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 109
gnosis (knowledge) in paul	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 238
god (pauline),involvement in human affairs	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 140
god of	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
good,appropriate actions (kathēkonta)	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 151
grace,as gods beneficence	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
grace,response to	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
graeco-roman piety	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 151
hebrews/israelites,and idolatry	Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 198
historical tradition	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 404
honor and dishonor	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
household,codes	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
household	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
identity construction	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
idol food	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 126
idolatry,denounced in jewish texts	Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 198
idolatry,in paul	Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 198
idolatry	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
idols,as demons	McDonough (2009), Christ as Creator: Origins of a New Testament Doctrine, 160, 161
idols,as mediators	McDonough (2009), Christ as Creator: Origins of a New Testament Doctrine, 160
idols,food offered to	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 404
idols,food sacrificed to	McDonough (2009), Christ as Creator: Origins of a New Testament Doctrine, 153
inheritance	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
intellectual independence,,galen and medical discourse on	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
intellectual independence,,in christianity	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
intellectual independence,,paul versus valentinians on	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
intellectual independence	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
interdependence,morally formative	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 140
intermediates	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 149, 151
irenaeus,on heresy and paganism	Boulluec (2022), The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries, 130
israel,israelites	Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 109, 110
jesus,return of	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
jesus (christ) (see also yeshu)	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 404
jesus christ	Cheuk-Yin Yam (2019), Trinity and Grace in Augustine, 95
jewish practices/torah observance	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 124, 151
jews/judeans/ioudaioi,and idolatry	Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 198
josephus	Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 198
judaizing	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 151
judgment	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
knowledge,pauline	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 126, 133, 140
long,a. a.	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 238
macedon/macedonians	Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 198
manuscript	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 53
marcellinus	Cheuk-Yin Yam (2019), Trinity and Grace in Augustine, 95
maturity	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 140
meat	McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 223
mediation	McDonough (2009), Christ as Creator: Origins of a New Testament Doctrine, 160, 161
medicine and medical discourse,intellectual independence and	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
meeks,w. a.	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 239
miracles	McDonough (2009), Christ as Creator: Origins of a New Testament Doctrine, 160
moral formation,adaptation in	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 133, 140
moral formation,frank criticism in	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 133
moral formation,involvement of god/gods within	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 140
moral formation,love in	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 133, 140
moral formation,protocol of	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 133, 140
moral formation,via imitation	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 140
moral formation,via meals	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 126
moses	Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 109
necessity/require (anagkē,anagkazō)	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 149
new person	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
offerings	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
old person	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
paganism,heresy assimilated to	Boulluec (2022), The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries, 130
passions	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
paul,1 corinthians	McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 223
paul,determinism	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
paul,free will	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
paul,on idolatry	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
paul,on intellectual independence	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
paul	Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 198; Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53; König (2012), Saints and Symposiasts: The Literature of Food and the Symposium in Greco-Roman and Early Christian Culture, 127; McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 223; Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 109, 110
paul (saul)	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 404
peter (cephas,simon –)	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 404
pleasure	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
preferreds (proēgmena)	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 149, 151
procedere,procession,proceed	Cheuk-Yin Yam (2019), Trinity and Grace in Augustine, 647
ritual	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
sacrifice and sacrificial feasting,christian attitudes to sacrificial meat	König (2012), Saints and Symposiasts: The Literature of Food and the Symposium in Greco-Roman and Early Christian Culture, 127
salvation	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 140; Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 149; deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
se cogitare – se nosse	Cheuk-Yin Yam (2019), Trinity and Grace in Augustine, 647
self-sufficiency	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 140
seneca	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
septuagint	Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 109
slave/slavery	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
slavery	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 149
socrates,in epictetus	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 238
song of moses'	McDonough (2009), Christ as Creator: Origins of a New Testament Doctrine, 161
song of moses	McDonough (2009), Christ as Creator: Origins of a New Testament Doctrine, 160
specific christian intellectuals,intellectual independence in	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
spirituality,spiritual exercise,spiritual journey	Cheuk-Yin Yam (2019), Trinity and Grace in Augustine, 647
stoicism,and freedom through cognition	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 123
stoicism,diatribe	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
stoicism,exousia	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
stoicism,freedom	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
stoicism,haustafeln	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
stoicism,military imagery	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
stoicism,on freedom	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
stoicism,virtues	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
stoicism,wise man	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
stoicism	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
strong	McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 223
style	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
synoptic,tradition	Tomson (2019), Studies on Jews and Christians in the First and Second Centuries. 404
telos	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 149
theissen,gerd	McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 223
transformation	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
tyrant	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
valentinus and valentinians	Ayres and Ward (2021), The Rise of the Early Christian Intellectual, 90
value (axia)	Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 149
values/character as identity marker,for paul	Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 198
vice,list	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
virtue,life of	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
virtue	Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 109; Wilson (2022), Paul and the Jewish Law: A Stoic Ethical Perspective on his Inconsistency, 149
watson,f.	Engberg-Pedersen (2010), Cosmology and Self in the Apostle Paul: The Material Spirit, 238
weak	McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 223
weakness,of corinthian believers	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 126, 133
weakness,of epicurean students	Allison (2020), Saving One Another: Philodemus and Paul on Moral Formation in Community, 133
weapon	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 294
wilderness passim,place	Smith and Stuckenbruck (2020), Testing and Temptation in Second Temple Jewish and Early Christian Texts, 109, 110
wisdom (concept)	Gunderson (2022), The Social Worlds of Ancient Jews and Christians: Essays in Honor of L. Michael White, 50, 53
wise,man	Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 767
worship/ritual/cult as identity markers,for jews in paul	Gruen (2020), Ethnicity in the Ancient World - Did it matter, 198
wrath,of god	deSilva (2022), Ephesians, 254
εἰδωλόθυτον	Boulluec (2022), The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries, 130
πορνεία	Boulluec (2022), The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries, 130