Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

6465

Herodotus, Histories, 1.73

ἐστρατεύετο δὲ ὁ Κροῖσος ἐπὶ τὴν Καππαδοκίην τῶνδε εἵνεκα, καὶ γῆς ἱμέρῳ προσκτήσασθαι πρὸς τὴν ἑωυτοῦ μοῖραν βουλόμενος, καὶ μάλιστα τῷ χρηστηρίῳ πίσυνος ἐὼν καὶ τίσασθαι θέλων ὑπὲρ Ἀστυάγεος Κῦρον. Ἀστυάγεα γὰρ τὸν Κυαξάρεω, ἐόντα Κροίσου μὲν γαμβρὸν Μήδων δὲ βασιλέα, Κῦρος ὁ Καμβύσεω καταστρεψάμενος εἶχε, γενόμενον γαμβρὸν Κροίσῳ ὧδε. Σκυθέων τῶν νομάδων εἴλῃ ἀνδρῶν στασιάσασα ὑπεξῆλθε ἐς γῆν τὴν Μηδικήν· ἐτυράννευε δὲ τὸν χρόνον τοῦτον Μήδων Κυαξάρης ὁ Φραόρτεω τοῦ Δηιόκεω, ὃς τοὺς Σκύθας τούτους τὸ μὲν πρῶτον περιεῖπε εὖ ὡς ἐόντας ἱκέτας· ὥστε δὲ περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεόμενος αὐτούς, παῖδάς σφι παρέδωκε τὴν γλῶσσάν τε ἐκμαθεῖν καὶ τὴν τέχνην τῶν τόξων. χρόνου δὲ γενομένου, καὶ αἰεὶ φοιτεόντων τῶν Σκυθέων ἐπʼ ἄγρην καὶ αἰεί τι φερόντων, καὶ κοτε συνήνεικε ἑλεῖν σφεας μηδέν· νοστήσαντας δὲ αὐτοὺς κεινῇσι χερσὶ ὁ Κυαξάρης ʽἦν γάρ, ὡς διέδεξε, ὀργὴν ἄκροσ̓ τρηχέως κάρτα περιέσπε ἀεικείῃ. οἳ δὲ ταῦτα πρὸς Κυαξάρεω παθόντες, ὥστε ἀνάξια σφέων αὐτῶν πεπονθότες, ἐβούλευσαν τῶν παρὰ σφίσι διδασκομένων παίδων ἕνα κατακόψαι, σκευάσαντες δὲ αὐτὸν ὥσπερ ἐώθεσαν καὶ τὰ θηρία σκευάζειν, Κυαξάρῃ δοῦναι φέροντες ὡς ἄγρην δῆθεν, δόντες δὲ τὴν ταχίστην κομίζεσθαι παρὰ Ἀλυάττεα τὸν Σαδυάττεω ἐς Σάρδις. ταῦτα καὶ ἐγένετο. καὶ γὰρ Κυαξάρης καὶ οἱ παρεόντες δαιτυμόνες τῶν κρεῶν τούτων ἐπάσαντο, καὶ οἱ Σκύθαι ταῦτα ποιήσαντες Ἀλυάττεω ἱκέται ἐγένοντο. The reasons for Croesus' expedition against Cappadocia were these: he desired to gain territory in addition to his own, and (these were the chief causes) he trusted the oracle and wished to avenge Astyages on Cyrus; for Cyrus, son of Cambyses, had conquered Astyages and held him in subjection. ,Now Astyages, son of Cyaxares and the king of Media, was Croesus' brother-in-law: and this is how he came to be so. ,A tribe of wandering Scythians separated itself from the rest, and escaped into Median territory. This was then ruled by Cyaxares, son of Phraortes, son of Deioces. Cyaxares at first treated the Scythians kindly, as suppliants for his mercy; and, as he had a high regard for them, he entrusted boys to their tutelage to be taught their language and the skill of archery. ,As time went on, it happened that the Scythians, who were accustomed to go hunting and always to bring something back, once had taken nothing, and when they returned empty-handed, Cyaxares treated them very roughly and contemptuously (being, as appears from this, prone to anger). ,The Scythians, feeling themselves wronged by the treatment they had from Cyaxares, planned to take one of the boys who were their pupils and cut him in pieces; then, dressing the flesh as they were accustomed to dress the animals which they killed, to bring and give it to Cyaxares as if it were the spoils of the hunt; and after that, to make their way with all speed to Alyattes son of Sadyattes at Sardis . All this they did. ,Cyaxares and the guests who ate with him dined on the boy's flesh, and the Scythians, having done as they planned, fled to Alyattes for protection.

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1. Hebrew Bible, Esther, 1.10-1.12, 5.1, 5.4, 5.6, 5.9, 7.1-7.10 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) 1.11. לְהָבִיא אֶת־וַשְׁתִּי הַמַּלְכָּה לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּכֶתֶר מַלְכוּת לְהַרְאוֹת הָעַמִּים וְהַשָּׂרִים אֶת־יָפְיָהּ כִּי־טוֹבַת מַרְאֶה הִיא׃ 1.12. וַתְּמָאֵן הַמַּלְכָּה וַשְׁתִּי לָבוֹא בִּדְבַר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲשֶׁר בְּיַד הַסָּרִיסִים וַיִּקְצֹף הַמֶּלֶךְ מְאֹד וַחֲמָתוֹ בָּעֲרָה בוֹ׃ 5.1. וַיִּתְאַפַּק הָמָן וַיָּבוֹא אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ וַיִּשְׁלַח וַיָּבֵא אֶת־אֹהֲבָיו וְאֶת־זֶרֶשׁ אִשְׁתּוֹ׃ 5.1. וַיְהִי בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי וַתִּלְבַּשׁ אֶסְתֵּר מַלְכוּת וַתַּעֲמֹד בַּחֲצַר בֵּית־הַמֶּלֶךְ הַפְּנִימִית נֹכַח בֵּית הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהַמֶּלֶךְ יוֹשֵׁב עַל־כִּסֵּא מַלְכוּתוֹ בְּבֵית הַמַּלְכוּת נֹכַח פֶּתַח הַבָּיִת׃ 5.4. וַתֹּאמֶר אֶסְתֵּר אִם־עַל־הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֹב יָבוֹא הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהָמָן הַיּוֹם אֶל־הַמִּשְׁתֶּה אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂיתִי לוֹ׃ 5.6. וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ לְאֶסְתֵּר בְּמִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן מַה־שְּׁאֵלָתֵךְ וְיִנָּתֵן לָךְ וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַד־חֲצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ׃ 5.9. וַיֵּצֵא הָמָן בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא שָׂמֵחַ וְטוֹב לֵב וְכִרְאוֹת הָמָן אֶת־מָרְדֳּכַי בְּשַׁעַר הַמֶּלֶךְ וְלֹא־קָם וְלֹא־זָע מִמֶּנּוּ וַיִּמָּלֵא הָמָן עַל־מָרְדֳּכַי חֵמָה׃ 7.1. וַיִּתְלוּ אֶת־הָמָן עַל־הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר־הֵכִין לְמָרְדֳּכָי וַחֲמַת הַמֶּלֶךְ שָׁכָכָה׃ 7.1. וַיָּבֹא הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהָמָן לִשְׁתּוֹת עִם־אֶסְתֵּר הַמַּלְכָּה׃ 7.2. וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ לְאֶסְתֵּר גַּם בַּיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי בְּמִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן מַה־שְּׁאֵלָתֵךְ אֶסְתֵּר הַמַּלְכָּה וְתִנָּתֵן לָךְ וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַד־חֲצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְתֵעָשׂ׃ 7.3. וַתַּעַן אֶסְתֵּר הַמַּלְכָּה וַתֹּאמַר אִם־מָצָאתִי חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ הַמֶּלֶךְ וְאִם־עַל־הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֹב תִּנָּתֶן־לִי נַפְשִׁי בִּשְׁאֵלָתִי וְעַמִּי בְּבַקָּשָׁתִי׃ 7.4. כִּי נִמְכַּרְנוּ אֲנִי וְעַמִּי לְהַשְׁמִיד לַהֲרוֹג וּלְאַבֵּד וְאִלּוּ לַעֲבָדִים וְלִשְׁפָחוֹת נִמְכַּרְנוּ הֶחֱרַשְׁתִּי כִּי אֵין הַצָּר שֹׁוֶה בְּנֵזֶק הַמֶּלֶךְ׃ 7.5. וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ וַיֹּאמֶר לְאֶסְתֵּר הַמַּלְכָּה מִי הוּא זֶה וְאֵי־זֶה הוּא אֲשֶׁר־מְלָאוֹ לִבּוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן׃ 7.6. וַתֹּאמֶר־אֶסְתֵּר אִישׁ צַר וְאוֹיֵב הָמָן הָרָע הַזֶּה וְהָמָן נִבְעַת מִלִּפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהַמַּלְכָּה׃ 7.7. וְהַמֶּלֶךְ קָם בַּחֲמָתוֹ מִמִּשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן אֶל־גִּנַּת הַבִּיתָן וְהָמָן עָמַד לְבַקֵּשׁ עַל־נַפְשׁוֹ מֵאֶסְתֵּר הַמַּלְכָּה כִּי רָאָה כִּי־כָלְתָה אֵלָיו הָרָעָה מֵאֵת הַמֶּלֶךְ׃ 7.8. וְהַמֶּלֶךְ שָׁב מִגִּנַּת הַבִּיתָן אֶל־בֵּית מִשְׁתֵּה הַיַּיִן וְהָמָן נֹפֵל עַל־הַמִּטָּה אֲשֶׁר אֶסְתֵּר עָלֶיהָ וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ הֲגַם לִכְבּוֹשׁ אֶת־הַמַּלְכָּה עִמִּי בַּבָּיִת הַדָּבָר יָצָא מִפִּי הַמֶּלֶךְ וּפְנֵי הָמָן חָפוּ׃ 7.9. וַיֹּאמֶר חַרְבוֹנָה אֶחָד מִן־הַסָּרִיסִים לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ גַּם הִנֵּה־הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה הָמָן לְמָרְדֳּכַי אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר־טוֹב עַל־הַמֶּלֶךְ עֹמֵד בְּבֵית הָמָן גָּבֹהַּ חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה וַיֹּאמֶר הַמֶּלֶךְ תְּלֻהוּ עָלָיו׃ 1.10. On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine, he commanded Mehuman, Bizzetha, Harbona, Bigtha, and Abagtha, Zethar, and Carcas, the seven chamberlains that ministered in the presence of Ahasuerus the king," 1.11. to bring Vashti the queen before the king with the crown royal, to show the peoples and the princes her beauty; for she was fair to look on." 1.12. But the queen Vashti refused to come at the king’s commandment by the chamberlains; therefore was the king very wroth, and his anger burned in him." 5.1. Now it came to pass on the third day, that Esther put on her royal apparel, and stood in the inner court of the king’s house, over against the king’s house; and the king sat upon his royal throne in the royal house, over against the entrance of the house." 5.4. And Esther said: ‘If it seem good unto the king, let the king and Haman come this day unto the banquet that I have prepared for him.’" 5.6. And the king said unto Esther at the banquet of wine: ‘Whatever thy petition, it shall be granted thee; and whatever thy request, even to the half of the kingdom, it shall be performed.’" 5.9. Then went Haman forth that day joyful and glad of heart; but when Haman saw Mordecai in the king’s gate, that he stood not up, nor moved for him, Haman was filled with wrath against Mordecai." 7.1. So the king and Haman came to banquet with Esther the queen." 7.2. And the king said again unto Esther on the second day at the banquet of wine: ‘Whatever thy petition, queen Esther, it shall be granted thee; and whatever thy request, even to the half of the kingdom, it shall be performed.’" 7.3. Then Esther the queen answered and said: ‘If I have found favour in thy sight, O king, and if it please the king, let my life be given me at my petition, and my people at my request;" 7.4. for we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. But if we had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen, I had held my peace, for the adversary is not worthy that the king be endamaged.’" 7.5. Then spoke the king Ahasuerus and said unto Esther the queen: ‘Who is he, and where is he, that durst presume in his heart to do so?’" 7.6. And Esther said: ‘An adversary and an enemy, even this wicked Haman.’ Then Haman was terrified before the king and the queen." 7.7. And the king arose in his wrath from the banquet of wine and went into the palace garden; but Haman remained to make request for his life to Esther the queen; for he saw that there was evil determined against him by the king." 7.8. Then the king returned out of the palace garden into the place of the banquet of wine; and Haman was fallen upon the couch whereon Esther was. Then said the king: ‘Will he even force the queen before me in the house?’ As the word went out of the king’s mouth, they covered Haman’s face." 7.9. Then said Harbonah, one of the chamberlains that were before the king: ‘Behold also, the gallows fifty cubits high, which Haman hath made for Mordecai, who spoke good for the king, standeth in the house of Haman.’ And the king said: ‘Hang him thereon.’" 7.10. So they hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai. Then was the king’s wrath assuaged."
2. Hebrew Bible, 1 Samuel, 25.36-25.38 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) 25.36. וַתָּבֹא אֲבִיגַיִל אֶל־נָבָל וְהִנֵּה־לוֹ מִשְׁתֶּה בְּבֵיתוֹ כְּמִשְׁתֵּה הַמֶּלֶךְ וְלֵב נָבָל טוֹב עָלָיו וְהוּא שִׁכֹּר עַד־מְאֹד וְלֹא־הִגִּידָה לּוֹ דָּבָר קָטֹן וְגָדוֹל עַד־אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר׃ 25.37. וַיְהִי בַבֹּקֶר בְּצֵאת הַיַּיִן מִנָּבָל וַתַּגֶּד־לוֹ אִשְׁתּוֹ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וַיָּמָת לִבּוֹ בְּקִרְבּוֹ וְהוּא הָיָה לְאָבֶן׃ 25.38. וַיְהִי כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים וַיִּגֹּף יְהוָה אֶת־נָבָל וַיָּמֹת׃ 25.36. And Avigayil came to Naval; and, behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Naval’s heart was merry within him, for he was very drunk: and so she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light." 25.37. But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Naval, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone." 25.38. And it came to pass about ten days after, that the Lord smote Naval, and he died."
3. Hebrew Bible, Judges, 4.16-4.22, 5.24-5.27, 14.10, 14.14, 14.17-14.19 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) 4.16. וּבָרָק רָדַף אַחֲרֵי הָרֶכֶב וְאַחֲרֵי הַמַּחֲנֶה עַד חֲרֹשֶׁת הַגּוֹיִם וַיִּפֹּל כָּל־מַחֲנֵה סִיסְרָא לְפִי־חֶרֶב לֹא נִשְׁאַר עַד־אֶחָד׃ 4.17. וְסִיסְרָא נָס בְּרַגְלָיו אֶל־אֹהֶל יָעֵל אֵשֶּׁת חֶבֶר הַקֵּינִי כִּי שָׁלוֹם בֵּין יָבִין מֶלֶךְ־חָצוֹר וּבֵין בֵּית חֶבֶר הַקֵּינִי׃ 4.18. וַתֵּצֵא יָעֵל לִקְרַאת סִיסְרָא וַתֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו סוּרָה אֲדֹנִי סוּרָה אֵלַי אַל־תִּירָא וַיָּסַר אֵלֶיהָ הָאֹהֱלָה וַתְּכַסֵּהוּ בַּשְּׂמִיכָה׃ 4.19. וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלֶיהָ הַשְׁקִינִי־נָא מְעַט־מַיִם כִּי צָמֵאתִי וַתִּפְתַּח אֶת־נֹאוד הֶחָלָב וַתַּשְׁקֵהוּ וַתְּכַסֵּהוּ׃ 4.21. וַתִּקַּח יָעֵל אֵשֶׁת־חֶבֶר אֶת־יְתַד הָאֹהֶל וַתָּשֶׂם אֶת־הַמַּקֶּבֶת בְּיָדָהּ וַתָּבוֹא אֵלָיו בַּלָּאט וַתִּתְקַע אֶת־הַיָּתֵד בְּרַקָּתוֹ וַתִּצְנַח בָּאָרֶץ וְהוּא־נִרְדָּם וַיָּעַף וַיָּמֹת׃ 4.22. וְהִנֵּה בָרָק רֹדֵף אֶת־סִיסְרָא וַתֵּצֵא יָעֵל לִקְרָאתוֹ וַתֹּאמֶר לוֹ לֵךְ וְאַרְאֶךָּ אֶת־הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה מְבַקֵּשׁ וַיָּבֹא אֵלֶיהָ וְהִנֵּה סִיסְרָא נֹפֵל מֵת וְהַיָּתֵד בְּרַקָּתוֹ׃ 5.24. תְּבֹרַךְ מִנָּשִׁים יָעֵל אֵשֶׁת חֶבֶר הַקֵּינִי מִנָּשִׁים בָּאֹהֶל תְּבֹרָךְ׃ 5.25. מַיִם שָׁאַל חָלָב נָתָנָה בְּסֵפֶל אַדִּירִים הִקְרִיבָה חֶמְאָה׃ 5.26. יָדָהּ לַיָּתֵד תִּשְׁלַחְנָה וִימִינָהּ לְהַלְמוּת עֲמֵלִים וְהָלְמָה סִיסְרָא מָחֲקָה רֹאשׁוֹ וּמָחֲצָה וְחָלְפָה רַקָּתוֹ׃ 5.27. בֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ כָּרַע נָפַל שָׁכָב בֵּין רַגְלֶיהָ כָּרַע נָפָל בַּאֲשֶׁר כָּרַע שָׁם נָפַל שָׁדוּד׃ 14.14. וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם מֵהָאֹכֵל יָצָא מַאֲכָל וּמֵעַז יָצָא מָתוֹק וְלֹא יָכְלוּ לְהַגִּיד הַחִידָה שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים׃ 14.17. וַתֵּבְךְּ עָלָיו שִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר־הָיָה לָהֶם הַמִּשְׁתֶּה וַיְהִי בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וַיַּגֶּד־לָהּ כִּי הֱצִיקַתְהוּ וַתַּגֵּד הַחִידָה לִבְנֵי עַמָּהּ׃ 14.18. וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי בְּטֶרֶם יָבֹא הַחַרְסָה מַה־מָּתוֹק מִדְּבַשׁ וּמֶה עַז מֵאֲרִי וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם לוּלֵא חֲרַשְׁתֶּם בְּעֶגְלָתִי לֹא מְצָאתֶם חִידָתִי׃ 14.19. וַתִּצְלַח עָלָיו רוּחַ יְהוָה וַיֵּרֶד אַשְׁקְלוֹן וַיַּךְ מֵהֶם שְׁלֹשִׁים אִישׁ וַיִּקַּח אֶת־חֲלִיצוֹתָם וַיִּתֵּן הַחֲלִיפוֹת לְמַגִּידֵי הַחִידָה וַיִּחַר אַפּוֹ וַיַּעַל בֵּית אָבִיהוּ׃ 4.16. But Baraq pursued after the chariots, and after the host, as far as Ĥaroshet-haggoyim: and all the host of Sisera fell by the edge of the sword; there was not a man left." 4.17. But Sisera fled away by foot to the tent of Ya᾽el the wife of Ĥever the Qenite: for there was peace between Yavin the king of Ĥażor and the house of Ĥever the Qeni." 4.18. And Ya᾽el went out to meet Sisera, and said to him, Turn in, my lord, turn in to me; fear not. And when he had turned in to her into the tent, she covered him with a blanket." 4.19. And he said to her, Give me, I pray thee, a little water to drink; for I am thirsty. And she opened a bottle of milk, and gave him drink, and covered him." 4.20. Then he said to her, Stand in the door of the tent, and it shall be, if any man comes and inquires of thee, and says, Is there anyone here? that thou shalt say, No." 4.21. Then Ya᾽el Ĥever’s wife took a tent peg, and took a hammer in her hand, and went softly to him, and drove the tent peg into his temple, and fastened it to the ground: for he was fast asleep and weary. So he died." 4.22. And, behold, as Baraq pursued Sisera, Ya᾽el came out to meet him, and said to him, Come, and I will show thee the man whom thou seekest. And when he came into her tent, behold, Sisera lay dead, and the peg in his temple." 5.24. Blessed above women is Ya᾽el the wife of Ĥever the Qenite, blessed is she more than women in the tent." 5.25. He asked water, but she gave him milk; she brought forth cream in a lordly dish." 5.26. She put her hand to the tent peg, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer; and she hammered Sisera, she smote through his head; she crushed and pierced his temple." 5.27. At her feet he bent, he fell, he lay down: at her feet he bent, he fell: where he bowed, there he fell down, bereft of life." 14.10. So his father went down to the woman: and Shimshon made there a feast; for so used the young men to do." 14.14. And he said to them, Out of the eater came forth food, and out of the strong came forth sweetness. And they could not in three days expound the riddle." 14.17. And she wept before him the seven days, while their feast lasted: and it came to pass on the seventh day, that he told her, because she harassed him: and she told the riddle to the children of her people." 14.18. And the men of the city said to him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said to them, If you had not ploughed with my heifer, you would not have found out my riddle." 14.19. And the spirit of the Lord came upon him, and he went down to Ashqelon, and slew thirty men of them, and took their clothing, and gave the changes of garments to them who had expounded the riddle. And his anger burned, and he went up to his father’s house."
4. Homer, Iliad, 2.864-2.866 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) 2.864. /but was slain beneath the hands of the son of Aeacus, swift of foot, in the river, where Achilles was making havoc of the Trojans and the others as well.And Phorcys and godlike Ascanius led the Phrygians from afar, from Ascania, and were eager to fight in the press of battle.And the Maeonians had captains twain, Mesthles and Antiphus 2.865. /the two sons of TaIaemenes, whose mother was the nymph of the Gygaean lake; and they led the Maeonians, whose birth was beneath Tmolas.And Nastes again led the Carians, uncouth of speech, who held Miletus and the mountain of Phthires, dense with its leafage, and the streams of Maeander, and the steep crests of Mycale. 2.866. /the two sons of TaIaemenes, whose mother was the nymph of the Gygaean lake; and they led the Maeonians, whose birth was beneath Tmolas.And Nastes again led the Carians, uncouth of speech, who held Miletus and the mountain of Phthires, dense with its leafage, and the streams of Maeander, and the steep crests of Mycale.
5. Aristophanes, Birds, 982-991, 981 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) 981. οὐδὲν ἄρ' ὅμοιός ἐσθ' ὁ χρησμὸς τουτῳί
6. Herodotus, Histories, 1.1-1.72, 1.35.1, 1.48.1, 1.53.2-1.53.3, 1.74-1.94, 1.92.2, 1.106, 1.118-1.119, 1.157-1.160, 1.165, 1.167, 1.173, 1.182, 1.192, 1.196, 1.198-1.199, 1.201-1.216, 1.209.4, 2.18, 2.29, 2.45-2.46, 2.52, 2.54-2.57, 2.64, 2.83, 2.100, 2.107, 2.130-2.131, 2.134-2.135, 2.139, 2.147, 2.152, 2.155-2.156, 2.158, 2.161-2.163, 2.169, 3.16-3.27, 3.29, 3.31-3.33, 3.38-3.43, 3.64, 3.98-3.105, 3.120-3.125, 4.5-4.84, 4.91, 4.134-4.142, 4.149-4.151, 4.156, 4.161, 4.171-4.173, 4.177, 4.179-4.189, 4.191-4.199, 4.203, 5.1, 5.3-5.9, 5.18-5.20, 5.43, 5.79, 5.82, 5.89-5.92, 5.114, 6.34-6.36, 6.57, 6.66, 6.75-6.76, 6.84, 6.118, 6.125, 6.135, 6.139, 7.6, 7.12-7.19, 7.35, 7.39, 7.44-7.56, 7.76, 7.111, 7.114-7.120, 7.133, 7.137, 7.139, 7.178, 7.189, 7.197, 7.208-7.212, 8.33, 8.36, 8.60, 8.99, 8.114-8.115, 8.118-8.120, 8.122, 8.129, 8.133-8.135, 8.141, 9.33, 9.42, 9.93, 9.100, 9.108-9.113 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) 1.1. The Persian learned men say that the Phoenicians were the cause of the dispute. These (they say) came to our seas from the sea which is called Red, and having settled in the country which they still occupy, at once began to make long voyages. Among other places to which they carried Egyptian and Assyrian merchandise, they came to Argos, ,which was at that time preeminent in every way among the people of what is now called Hellas . The Phoenicians came to Argos, and set out their cargo. ,On the fifth or sixth day after their arrival, when their wares were almost all sold, many women came to the shore and among them especially the daughter of the king, whose name was Io (according to Persians and Greeks alike), the daughter of Inachus. ,As these stood about the stern of the ship bargaining for the wares they liked, the Phoenicians incited one another to set upon them. Most of the women escaped: Io and others were seized and thrown into the ship, which then sailed away for Egypt .
7. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 9.8-9.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) 9.8. Turn away your eyes from a shapely woman,and do not look intently at beauty belonging to another;many have been misled by a womans beauty,and by it passion is kindled like a fire. 9.9. Never dine with another mans wife,nor revel with her at wine;lest your heart turn aside to her,and in blood you be plunged into destruction.
8. Septuagint, Judith, 10.3-10.4, 12.20, 16.7-16.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 0th cent. CE) 10.3. and she removed the sackcloth which she had been wearing, and took off her widow's garments, and bathed her body with water, and anointed herself with precious ointment, and combed her hair and put on a tiara, and arrayed herself in her gayest apparel, which she used to wear while her husband Manasseh was living. 10.4. And she put sandals on her feet, and put on her anklets and bracelets and rings, and her earrings and all her ornaments, and made herself very beautiful, to entice the eyes of all men who might see her. 12.20. And Holofernes was greatly pleased with her, and drank a great quantity of wine, much more than he had ever drunk in any one day since he was born. 16.7. For their mighty one did not fall by the hands of the young men, nor did the sons of the Titans smite him, nor did tall giants set upon him; but Judith the daughter of Merari undid him with the beauty of her countece. 16.8. For she took off her widow's mourning to exalt the oppressed in Israel. She anointed her face with ointment and fastened her hair with a tiara and put on a linen gown to deceive him. 16.9. Her sandal ravished his eyes, her beauty captivated his mind, and the sword severed his neck.
9. Strabo, Geography, 13.4.6, 14.1.3, 14.1.5, 14.2.23-14.2.24 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) 13.4.6. The verses of Homer are about as follows: Mnesthles and Antiphus, the two sons of Talaemenes, whose mother was Lake Gygaea, who led also the Meionians, who were born at the foot of Tmolus; but some add the following fourth verse: At the foot of snowy Tmolus, in the fertile land of Hyde. But there is no Hyde to be found in the country of the Lydians. Some also put Tychius there, of whom the poet says,far the best of workers in hide, who lived in Hyde. And they add that the place is woody and subject to strokes of lightning, and that the Arimi live there, for after Homer's verse,in the land of the Arimi where men say is the couch of Typhon, they insert the words,in a wooded place, in the fertile land of Hyde. But others lay the scene of this myth in Cilicia, and some lay it in Syria, and still others in the Pithecussae Islands, who say that among the Tyrrhenians pitheci are called arimi. Some call Sardeis Hyde, while others call its acropolis Hyde. But the Scepsian thinks that those writers are most plausible who place the Arimi in the Catacecaumene country in Mysia. But Pindar associates the Pithecussae which lie off the Cymaean territory, as also the territory in Sicily, with the territory in Cilicia, for he says that Typhon lies beneath Aetna: Once he dwelt in a far-famed Cilician cavern; now, however, his shaggy breast is o'er-pressed by the sea-girt shores above Cumae and by Sicily. And again,round about him lies Aetna with her haughty fetters, and again,but it was father Zeus that once amongst the Arimi, by necessity, alone of the gods, smote monstrous Typhon of the fifty heads. But some understand that the Syrians are Arimi, who are now called the Arimaeans, and that the Cilicians in Troy, forced to migrate, settled again in Syria and cut off for themselves what is now called Cilicia. Callisthenes says that the Arimi, after whom the neighboring mountains are called Arima, are situated near Mt. Calycadnus and the promontory of Sarpedon near the Corycian cave itself. 14.1.3. Pherecydes says concerning this seaboard that Miletus and Myus and the parts round Mycale and Ephesus were in earlier times occupied by Carians, and that the coast next thereafter, as far as Phocaea and Chios and Samos, which were ruled by Ancaeus, was occupied by Leleges, but that both were driven out by the Ionians and took refuge in the remaining parts of Caria. He says that Androclus, legitimate son of Codrus the king of Athens, was the leader of the Ionian colonization, which was later than the Aeolian, and that he became the founder of Ephesus; and for this reason, it is said, the royal seat of the Ionians was established there. And still now the descendants of his family are called kings; and they have certain honors, I mean the privilege of front seats at the games and of wearing purple robes as insignia of royal descent, and staff instead of sceptre, and of the superintendence of the sacrifices in honor of the Eleusinian Demeter. Miletus was founded by Neleus, a Pylian by birth. The Messenians and the Pylians pretend a kind of kinship with one another, according to which the more recent poets call Nestor a Messenian; and they say that many of the Pylians accompanied Melanthus, father of Codrus, and his followers to Athens, and that, accordingly, all this people sent forth the colonizing expedition in common with the Ionians. There is an altar, erected by Neleus, to be seen on the Poseidium. Myus was founded by Cydrelus, bastard son of Codrus; Lebedus by Andropompus, who seized a place called Artis; Colophon by Andraemon a Pylian, according to Mimnermus in his Nanno; Priene by Aepytus the son of Neleus, and then later by Philotas, who brought a colony from Thebes; Teos, at first by Athamas, for which reason it is by Anacreon called Athamantis, and at the time of the Ionian colonization by Nauclus, bastard son of Codrus, and after him by Apoecus and Damasus, who were Athenians, and Geres, a Boeotian; Erythrae by Cnopus, he too a bastard son of Codrus; Phocaea by the Athenians under Philogenes; Clazomenae by Paralus; Chios by Egertius, who brought with him a mixed crowd; Samos by Tembrion, and then later by Procles. 14.1.5. Next after the Poseidium of the Milesians, eighteen stadia inland, is the oracle of Apollo Didymeus among the Branchidae. It was set on fire by Xerxes, as were also the other sanctuaries, except that at Ephesus. The Branchidae gave over the treasures of the god to the Persian king, and accompanied him in his flight in order to escape punishment for the robbing and the betrayal of the sanctuary. But later the Milesians erected the largest temple in the world, though on account of its size it remained without a roof. At any rate, the circuit of the sacred enclosure holds a village settlement; and there is a magnificent sacred grove both inside and outside the enclosure; and other sacred enclosures contain the oracle and sacred things. Here is laid the scene of the myth of Branchus and the love of Apollo. It is adorned with costliest offerings consisting of early works of art. Thence to the city is no long journey, by land or by sea. 14.2.23. But as for Mylasa: it is situated in an exceedingly fertile plain; and above the plain, towering into a peak, rises a mountain, which has a most excellent quarry of white marble. Now this quarry is of no small advantage, since it has stone in abundance and close at hand, for building purposes and in particular for the building of sanctuaries and other public works; accordingly this city, if any city is, is in every way beautifully adorned with porticoes and temples. But one may well be amazed at those who so absurdly founded the city at the foot of a steep and commanding crag. Accordingly, one of the commanders, amazed at the fact, is said to have said, If the man who founded this city was not afraid, wasn't he at least ashamed? The Mylasians have two sanctuaries of Zeus, Zeus Osogoos, as he is called, and Zeus Labraundenus. The former is in the city, whereas Labraunda is a village far from the city, being situated on the mountain near the pass that leads over from Alabanda to Mylasa. At Labraunda there is an ancient temple and image [xoanon] of Zeus Stratius. It is honored by the people all about and by the Mylasians; and there is a paved road of almost sixty stadia from it to Mylasa, called the Sacred Way, on which their sacred processions are conducted. The priestly offices are held by the most distinguished of the citizens, always for life. Now these two are particular to the city; but there is a third sanctuary, that of the Carian Zeus, which is a common possession of all Carians, and in which, as brothers, both Lydians and Mysians have a share. It is related that Mylasa was a mere village in ancient times, but that it was the native land and royal residence of the Carians of the house of Hecatomnos. The city is nearest to the sea at Physcus; and this is their seaport. 14.2.24. Mylasa has had two notable men in my time, who were at once orators and leaders of the city, Euthydemus and Hybreas. Now Euthydemus, having inherited from his ancestors great wealth and high repute, and having added to these his own cleverness, was not only a great man in his native land, but was also thought worthy of the foremost honor in Asia. As for Hybreas, as he himself used to tell the story in his school and as confirmed by his fellow-citizens, his father left him a mule-driver and a wood-carrying mule. And, being supported by these, he became a pupil of Diotrephes of Antiocheia for a short time, and then came back and surrendered himself to the office of market-clerk. But when he had been tossed about in this office and had made but little money, he began to apply himself to the affairs of state and to follow closely the speakers of the forum. He quickly grew in power, and was already an object of amazement in the lifetime of Euthydemus, but in particular after his death, having become master of the city. So long as Euthydemus lived he strongly prevailed, being at once powerful and useful to the city, so that even if there was something tyrannical about him, it was atoned for by the fact that it was attended by what was good for the city. At any rate, people applaud the following statement of Hybreas, made by him towards the end of a public speech: Euthydemus: you are an evil necessary to the city, for we can live neither with you nor without you. However, although he had grown very strong and had the repute of being both a good citizen and orator, he stumbled in his political opposition to Labienus; for while the others, since they were without arms and inclined to peace, yielded to Labienus when he was coming against them with an army and an allied Parthian force, the Parthians by that time being in possession of Asia, yet Zeno of Laodiceia and Hybreas, both orators, refused to yield and caused their own cities to revolt. Hybreas also provoked Labienus, a lad who was irritable and full of folly, by a certain pronouncement; for when Labienus proclaimed himself Parthian Emperor, Hybreas said, Then I too call myself Carian Emperor. Consequently Labienus set out against the city with cohorts of Roman soldiers in Asia that were already organized. Labienus did not seize Hybreas, however, since he had withdrawn to Rhodes, but he shamefully maltreated his home, with its costly furnishings, and plundered it. And he likewise damaged the whole of the city. But though Hybreas abandoned Asia, he came back and rehabilitated both himself and the city. So much, then, for Mylasa.
10. Plutarch, Pericles, 1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
"historiography, classical"	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 182, 183, 184, 185
"historiography, hellenistic"	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181
"justice, divine"	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 183, 185
"punishment, mirroring or apt"	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 185
abigail	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
ability to handle good fortune	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 182, 183, 185
adrastus, phrygian, son of gordius	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
aetiology	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
agriculture	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
ahasuerus	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
alyattes	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
amphiaraos, delphi, rivalry with in kroisos logos	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147
amphiaraos, kroisos and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147
amphiaraos, shield and spear of	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 142, 147
amphiaraos, theban ismenion and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 147
amphiareion, delphi, rivalry with	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 141, 142, 143, 144, 147
amphiareion, location of	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 147
amphilytos	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 145
antoniopolis	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
antonius, m.	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
apollo	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
apollo (god)	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
apollonia in lydia	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
apollonihieritae	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
arrogance	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 182, 183, 185
assyria and assyrians	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
astyages	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
astyages (king of media)	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
ates/atys	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
babylon, babylonians	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
bagoas	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
bakis	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139
bekos	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
biblical women, cause death	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
biblical women, hospitality of	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
book of judith, and greek writings	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
branchidae	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
cadi	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
callimachus	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
cambyses	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 182; Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
candaules	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
changing	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
charis	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 140, 147
chrēsmologos, amphilytos as	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 145
chrēsmologos, seer and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139
clio	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
coincidences, as a sign of divine involvement	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 185
colonial discourse, delphis oracular monopoly and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139
croesus, and atys	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
croesus	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 182, 183, 184, 185; Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
croesus (king of lydia)	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
croesus of lydia	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
cyno, as a mule	Bosak-Schroeder, Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography (2020) 66
cyno	Bosak-Schroeder, Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography (2020) 66
cyrus the great	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 182, 184; Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
cyrus the great (king of persia)	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
darius	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 182
david, and abigail	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
delphi, amphiareion, rivalry with in kroisos logos	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147
delphi, kroisos and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144
delphi	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
delphic apollo/delphic oracle, in competition with other oracles	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139
delphic oracle	Bosak-Schroeder, Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography (2020) 66; Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 184
destruction/ruin	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
didyma	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
diodorus siculus	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 185
discourse of	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139
divination, the delphic oracle	Tor, Mortal and Divine in Early Greek Epistemology (2017) 31
divination	Tor, Mortal and Divine in Early Greek Epistemology (2017) 31
drews, robert	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
effeminacy	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
egypt and egyptians	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
epiphany, of apollo	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 140
epiphany, of solon	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 140
esther, in mt	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
ethnicity, and animality	Bosak-Schroeder, Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography (2020) 66
evaluation, internal	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 182
fate	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 185
feasting	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
food	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
gift -exchange model of reciprocity	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139, 140, 144, 147
gordius	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
gyges, in assyrian sources	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
gyges	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97; Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
halys river	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
haman	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
herodotus, ethnic perspectives of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
herodotus, imperialism in	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
herodotus, military training in	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
herodotus, prosperity in	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
herodotus, subjugation/subject-people in	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
herodotus, weakness of non-persians	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
herodotus, wise advisers	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
herodotus	Gera, Judith (2014) 384; Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124; Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 182, 183, 184, 185; Tor, Mortal and Divine in Early Greek Epistemology (2017) 31
histories (herodotus), mixing of species in	Bosak-Schroeder, Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography (2020) 66
holophernes, death and decapitation	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
holophernes	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
humility	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 183, 184, 185
hyde	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
india, indians	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
ionia, ionians	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
jael, of judges	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
jael, of l.a.b.	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
jealousy of the divine	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 185
jeffery, lilian h.	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
judith, beautiful and seductive	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
juxtaposition, as a means of moralising	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 182, 183
kingship, lydian	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
kingship, of midas	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
kroisos, amphiaraos and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 142, 143, 144, 147
kroisos, apollo and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139, 140, 145, 146, 147
kroisos, delphi and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144
kroisos, herodotean logos of	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147
kroisos, nicolaus of damascus pyre scene and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 145, 146, 147
kroisos, solon and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 140, 141
liber antiquitatum biblicarum	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
libya, libyans	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
logos, structure	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
luxury	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 183
lydia, lydians	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
lydia	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306; Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
lydia and lydians, and phrygian symbols	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
lydia and lydians, dominion of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
lydians	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
macedonia, macedonians, settlers elsewhere	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
maeander river	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
maeonia, maeonii	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
maid, judiths	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
mantic-oracular rivalry	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147
mantic authority, oracular authority and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147
massagetae	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
medes, contemporary to mermnad lydia	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
medes	Bosak-Schroeder, Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography (2020) 66; Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
medes and media	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
mermnads	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
midas, golden touch of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
midas, historical record of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
midas, mother of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
midas, name of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
midas	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
miletus	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
military, training	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
mita	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
mother of the gods, as mother of midas	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
mother of the gods, as phrygian matar	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
mother of the gods, rivers, streams, and springs associated with	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
motivation, of characters	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
mycerinus	Bosak-Schroeder, Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography (2020) 66
mys	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 147
mysotimolitae	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
myth-critics'	Tor, Mortal and Divine in Early Greek Epistemology (2017) 31
narrative manners and techniques	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
non-greeks, characterized as animals	Bosak-Schroeder, Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography (2020) 66
non-greeks	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
oracles, of zeus ammon	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 141
oracles, reports, herodotus	Moxon, Peter's Halakhic Nightmare: The 'Animal' Vision of Acts 10:9–16 in Jewish and Graeco-Roman Perspective (2017) 454
oracles, rivalry between	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139
oracles	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181; Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
oropos, amphiareion at	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 147
overconfidence	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 182, 183, 185
overdetermination	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 184, 185
pactolus river	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97; Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
palaephatus	Tor, Mortal and Divine in Early Greek Epistemology (2017) 31
patterning	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 182, 183, 185
pelasgians	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
peripeteia	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 182, 183
persia, persians	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
persians	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
philistines	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
phoenicians	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
phrygia	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
phrygia and phrygians, art and monuments of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
phrygia and phrygians, as home of kingship	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
phrygia and phrygians, dominion of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
phrygia and phrygians, language of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
phylarchus	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 185
polybius	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181
polycrates of samos	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 182
priestley, j.	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
prophecy, unsolicited oracles	Moxon, Peter's Halakhic Nightmare: The 'Animal' Vision of Acts 10:9–16 in Jewish and Graeco-Roman Perspective (2017) 454
prophecy	Morrison, Apollonius Rhodius, Herodotus and Historiography (2020) 97
samson	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
sardis, under lydians	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
sardis	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
scythia, scythians	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
scythians	Bosak-Schroeder, Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography (2020) 66
seers, chrēsmologos and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 139
shame and disgrace	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
sibyl	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 145, 146, 147
sisera, of judges	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
sisera, of l.a.b.	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
softness/weakness	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
solon	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 140, 141, 144, 147
spies	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
table of the sun	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
talamo, clara	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
tents, holophernes	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
theban ismenion	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 147
thrace, thracians	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
timaeus of tauromenium	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 185
tmolus, mt.	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
tyranny, associated with lydia	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
tyranny, metaphysics of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
tyranny, theology of	Munn, The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion (2006) 97
uncertainty of human life	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 183, 185
vignettes, moralising	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 183
vipsanius agrippa, m.	Roller, A Guide to the Geography of Pliny the Elder (2022) 306
wealth/prosperity	Gorman, Gorman, Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature (2014) 124
wealth	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 181, 185
wine and drunkenness, drinking parties	Gera, Judith (2014) 384
xerxes	Hau, Moral History from Herodotus to Diodorus Siculus (2017) 182, 183
zeus, kroisos and	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 146, 147
zeus, oracle of zeus ammon	Foster, The Seer and the City: Religion, Politics, and Colonial Ideology in Ancient Greece (2017) 141
θώματα (marvels)	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
λόγος (oral report, story, prose text)	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
νόμοι (laws and customs)	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43
ἔργα μεγάλα (great accomplishments)	Torok, Herodotus In Nubia (2014) 43