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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database



6465
Herodotus, Histories, 1.209


nanAfter he had crossed the Araxes, he dreamed that night while sleeping in the country of the Massagetae that he saw the eldest of Hystapes' sons with wings on his shoulders, the one wing overshadowing Asia and the other Europe . ,Hystaspes son of Arsames was an Achaemenid, and Darius was the eldest of his sons, then about twenty years old; this Darius had been left behind in Persia, not yet being of an age to go on campaign. ,So when Cyrus awoke he considered his vision, and because it seemed to him to be of great importance, he sent for Hystaspes and said to him privately, “Hystaspes, I have caught your son plotting against me and my sovereignty; and I will tell you how I know this for certain. ,The gods care for me and show me beforehand all that is coming. Now then, I have seen in a dream in the past night your eldest son with wings on his shoulders, overshadowing Asia with the one and Europe with the other. ,From this vision, there is no way that he is not plotting against me. Therefore hurry back to Persia, and see that when I come back after subjecting this country you bring your son before me to be questioned about this.”


Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

5 results
1. Herodotus, Histories, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.19, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.30, 1.31, 1.32, 1.33, 1.34, 1.35, 1.36, 1.37, 1.38, 1.39, 1.40, 1.41, 1.42, 1.43, 1.44, 1.45, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48, 1.49, 1.50, 1.51, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59, 1.60, 1.64, 1.65, 1.66, 1.67, 1.68, 1.69, 1.70, 1.71, 1.72, 1.73, 1.74, 1.75, 1.76, 1.77, 1.78, 1.79, 1.80, 1.81, 1.82, 1.83, 1.84, 1.85, 1.86, 1.87, 1.88, 1.89, 1.90, 1.91, 1.92, 1.93, 1.94, 1.107, 1.108, 1.118, 1.120, 1.124, 1.192, 1.196, 1.198, 1.199, 1.202, 1.203, 1.204, 1.205, 1.206, 1.207, 1.208, 1.209.4, 1.210, 1.211, 1.212, 1.213, 1.214, 1.215, 1.216, 2.139, 2.141, 2.152, 2.161, 2.162, 2.163, 2.169, 3.3, 3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22, 3.23, 3.24, 3.25, 3.26, 3.27, 3.29, 3.30, 3.31, 3.32, 3.33, 3.37, 3.38, 3.39, 3.40, 3.41, 3.42, 3.43, 3.64, 3.65, 3.98, 3.99, 3.100, 3.101, 3.102, 3.103, 3.104, 3.105, 3.108, 3.120, 3.121, 3.122, 3.123, 3.124, 3.125, 3.149, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17, 4.18, 4.19, 4.20, 4.21, 4.22, 4.23, 4.24, 4.25, 4.26, 4.27, 4.28, 4.29, 4.30, 4.31, 4.32, 4.33, 4.34, 4.35, 4.36, 4.37, 4.38, 4.39, 4.40, 4.41, 4.42, 4.43, 4.44, 4.45, 4.46, 4.47, 4.48, 4.49, 4.50, 4.51, 4.52, 4.53, 4.54, 4.55, 4.56, 4.57, 4.58, 4.59, 4.60, 4.61, 4.62, 4.63, 4.64, 4.65, 4.66, 4.67, 4.68, 4.69, 4.70, 4.71, 4.72, 4.73, 4.74, 4.75, 4.76, 4.77, 4.78, 4.79, 4.80, 4.81, 4.82, 4.83, 4.134, 4.135, 4.136, 4.137, 4.138, 4.139, 4.172, 4.179, 4.181, 4.183, 4.187, 4.188, 4.189, 4.197, 4.205, 5.3, 5.7, 5.9, 5.49, 5.91, 6.76, 6.107, 6.118, 7.8, 7.10.ε, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18, 7.19, 7.35, 7.37, 7.39, 7.46, 7.47, 7.49, 7.52, 7.53, 7.54, 7.55, 7.56, 7.57, 7.99, 7.113, 7.114, 7.117, 7.120, 7.133, 7.137, 7.143, 7.144, 7.208, 7.209, 7.210, 7.211, 8.54, 8.57, 8.58, 8.59, 8.60, 8.61, 8.62, 8.63, 8.68, 8.75, 8.76, 8.77, 8.79, 8.80, 8.81, 8.83, 8.84, 8.85, 8.86, 8.87, 8.88, 8.89, 8.90, 8.99, 8.109, 8.115, 8.120, 8.129, 9.16, 9.61, 9.62, 9.76, 9.122 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

1.10. As Gyges could not escape, he consented. Candaules, when he judged it to be time for bed, brought Gyges into the chamber; his wife followed presently, and when she had come in and was laying aside her garments, Gyges saw her; ,when she turned her back upon him to go to bed, he slipped from the room. The woman glimpsed him as he went out, and perceived what her husband had done. But though shamed, she did not cry out or let it be seen that she had perceived anything, for she meant to punish Candaules; ,since among the Lydians and most of the foreign peoples it is felt as a great shame that even a man be seen naked.
2. Thucydides, The History of The Peloponnesian War, 5.84-5.111 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

3. Xenophon, The Persian Expedition, 3.1.11-3.1.13, 4.3.8, 6.1.22 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

3.1.11. Now when the time of perplexity came, he was distressed as well as everybody else and was unable to sleep; but, getting at length a little sleep, he had a dream. It seemed to him that there was a clap of thunder and a bolt fell on his father’s house, setting the whole house ablaze. 3.1.12. He awoke at once in great fear, and judged the dream in one way an auspicious one, because in the midst of hardships and perils he had seemed to behold a great light from Zeus; but looking at it in another way he was fearful, since the dream came, as he thought, from Zeus the King and the fire appeared to blaze all about, lest he might not be able to escape out of the King’s country, King Zeus in the dream is the Persian King in the interpretation. but might be shut in on all sides by various difficulties. 3.1.13. Now what it really means to have such a dream one may learn from the events which followed the dream—and they were these: Firstly, on the moment of his awakening the thought occurred to him: Why do I lie here? The night is wearing on, and at daybreak it is likely that the enemy will be upon us. And if we fall into the King’s hands, what is there to prevent our living to behold all the most grievous sights and to experience all the most dreadful sufferings, and then being put to death with insult? 4.3.8. That day and night, accordingly, they remained there, in great perplexity. But Xenophon had a dream; he thought that he was bound in fetters, but that the fetters fell off from him of their own accord, so that he was released and could take as long steps διαβαίνειν, which also means to cross a river (see above). Here lay the good omen of the dream. as he pleased. When dawn came, he went to Cheirisophus, told him he had hopes that all would be well, and related to him his dream. 6.1.22. Quite unable as he was to decide the question, it seemed best to him to consult the gods; and he accordingly brought two victims to the altar and proceeded to offer sacrifice to King Zeus, the very god that the oracle at Delphi had prescribed for him; cp. Xen. Anab. 3.1.5 ff. and it was likewise from this god, as he believed, that the dream cp. Xen. Anab. 3.1.11 f. came which he had at the time when he took the first steps toward assuming a share in the charge of the army.
4. Xenophon, The Education of Cyrus, 8.7.21 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

8.7.21. Consider again, he continued, that there is nothing in the world more nearly akin to death than is sleep; and the soul of man at just such times is revealed in its most divine aspect and at such times, too, it looks forward into the future; for then, it seems, it is most untrammelled by the bonds of the flesh.
5. Septuagint, Judith, 8.3, 8.12-8.14 (2nd cent. BCE - 0th cent. CE)

8.3. For as he stood overseeing the men who were binding sheaves in the field, he was overcome by the burning heat, and took to his bed and died in Bethulia his city. So they buried him with his fathers in the field between Dothan and Balamon. 8.12. Who are you, that have put God to the test this day, and are setting yourselves up in the place of God among the sons of men? 8.13. You are putting the Lord Almighty to the test -- but you will never know anything! 8.14. You cannot plumb the depths of the human heart, nor find out what a man is thinking; how do you expect to search out God, who made all these things, and find out his mind or comprehend his thought? No, my brethren, do not provoke the Lord our God to anger.


Subjects of this text:

subject book bibliographic info
"historiography,classical" Hau (2017) 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 206
"historiography,hellenistic" Hau (2017) 181
"justice,divine" Hau (2017) 181, 183, 185, 206
"justice,human" Hau (2017) 206
"moralising,intertextual" Hau (2017) 206
"morality,traditional" Hau (2017) 206
"punishment,mirroring or apt" Hau (2017) 185
ability to handle good fortune Hau (2017) 181, 182, 183, 185
advice and advisers Gera (2014) 67
aphrodite,of delion Mikalson (2003) 158
arrogance Hau (2017) 181, 182, 183, 185
artabanus of persia Mikalson (2003) 160
artaüctes of persia Mikalson (2003) 158
artemisia Gera (2014) 65, 67
astyages Lipka (2021) 153
astyages of lydia Mikalson (2003) 158
athenians,trust in gods and heroes Mikalson (2003) 82
audience Lipka (2021) 153
babylon,babylonians Torok (2014) 43
blood Gera (2014) 66
book of judith,and greek writings Gera (2014) 65, 66, 67
cambyses Hau (2017) 182; Lipka (2021) 153; Torok (2014) 43
cambyses of persia,dreams of Mikalson (2003) 82, 158, 227
cambyses of persia,impieties of Mikalson (2003) 160
cambyses of persia,oracles to Mikalson (2003) 158
coincidences,as a sign of divine involvement Hau (2017) 185
corpses Gera (2014) 66
councils and conferences Gera (2014) 67
court tales Gera (2014) 65, 66, 67
croesus Hau (2017) 181, 182, 183, 184, 185; Lipka (2021) 153
croesus of lydia,piety of Mikalson (2003) 158, 160
croesus of lydia,solon and Mikalson (2003) 82
ctesias Gera (2014) 65
culture Lipka (2021) 153
cyrus Lipka (2021) 153
cyrus of persia,divine favor of Mikalson (2003) 160, 227
cyrus of persia,dreams of Mikalson (2003) 158
cyrus the great Gera (2014) 66, 67; Hau (2017) 182, 184, 206
dante Gera (2014) 66
darius Hau (2017) 182
datis,persians general,apollo of delion and Mikalson (2003) 158
datis,persians general,dreams of Mikalson (2003) 158
delphic oracle Hau (2017) 181, 184
dialogue Hau (2017) 206
diet Gera (2014) 66
diodorus siculus Hau (2017) 181, 185
dramaturgy Lipka (2021) 153
dream,passim,esp.,epiphany dream Lipka (2021) 153
dream,passim,esp.,sign dream (= episode dream) Lipka (2021) 153
dreams,of astyages Mikalson (2003) 158
dreams,of otanes Mikalson (2003) 158
dreams Mikalson (2003) 158
ephialtes Gera (2014) 65
evaluation,internal Hau (2017) 181, 182
fate Hau (2017) 185
food Gera (2014) 66, 67
graeca interpretatio Mikalson (2003) 158, 160
hand,of a woman Gera (2014) 65
hephaestus Lipka (2021) 153
hero Lipka (2021) 153
herodotus Gera (2014) 65, 66, 67; Hau (2017) 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 206
heroes and heroines Mikalson (2003) 82
hippias Lipka (2021) 153
holophernes,death and decapitation Gera (2014) 66
holophernes Gera (2014) 67
humility Hau (2017) 183, 184, 185
impiety,of violating and destroying sanctuaries Mikalson (2003) 82
impiety Mikalson (2003) 82, 160
india,indians Torok (2014) 43
inheritance,by women Gera (2014) 67
intertextuality Hau (2017) 206
jael,and judith Gera (2014) 66
jael,of judges Gera (2014) 66
jealousy of the divine Hau (2017) 185
judith,advises Gera (2014) 67
judith,and god Gera (2014) 67
judith,and warrior queens Gera (2014) 65, 66, 67
judith,beautiful and seductive Gera (2014) 65
judith,deceives and lies Gera (2014) 65
judith,moral stature Gera (2014) 67
judith,widow Gera (2014) 65
juxtaposition,as a means of moralising Hau (2017) 182, 183
leto,goddess,of egypt Mikalson (2003) 158
libya,libyans Torok (2014) 43
logos,structure Torok (2014) 43
luxury Hau (2017) 183
lydia Torok (2014) 43
magoi Mikalson (2003) 158
manasseh,judiths husband Gera (2014) 67
manteis Mikalson (2003) 158
mardonius of persia,oracles to Mikalson (2003) 158
mary Gera (2014) 66
massagetae Gera (2014) 65, 66; Torok (2014) 43
medes and media Gera (2014) 66
melian dialogue Hau (2017) 206
miracles,at elaeus Mikalson (2003) 158
moderation Hau (2017) 206
narrative manners and techniques Torok (2014) 43
necessity Mikalson (2003) 160, 227
omens,to artaüctes Mikalson (2003) 158
oracles Hau (2017) 181; Mikalson (2003) 158
otanes Lipka (2021) 153
otanes of persia Mikalson (2003) 158
overconfidence Hau (2017) 181, 182, 183, 185, 206
overdetermination Hau (2017) 184, 185
paintings of judith Gera (2014) 66
patterning Hau (2017) 181, 182, 183, 185
peripeteia Hau (2017) 181, 182, 183
persian traces in judith Gera (2014) 65, 66, 67
pheretima of cyrene Mikalson (2003) 82
phthonos Mikalson (2003) 82, 160
phylarchus Hau (2017) 185
polybius Hau (2017) 181
polycrates of samos Hau (2017) 182; Mikalson (2003) 82
revenge Hau (2017) 206
sabacus Lipka (2021) 153
sack,judiths food Gera (2014) 66
sacrifices,by persians Mikalson (2003) 158
salamis Gera (2014) 65, 67
samians Mikalson (2003) 158
satan Gera (2014) 66
scythia,scythians Torok (2014) 43
sethus Lipka (2021) 153
sign Lipka (2021) 153
sisera,of judges Gera (2014) 66
smerdis of persia Mikalson (2003) 158
solon of athens Mikalson (2003) 82
soul Lipka (2021) 153
spartans Mikalson (2003) 158
speculum humanae salvationis Gera (2014) 66
spies Torok (2014) 43
table of the sun Torok (2014) 43
temple in jerusalem Gera (2014) 67
tents,holophernes Gera (2014) 67
themistocles Gera (2014) 65
themistocles of athens Mikalson (2003) 82
thrace,thracians Torok (2014) 43
thucydides Hau (2017) 206
timaeus of tauromenium Hau (2017) 185
tomyris Gera (2014) 65, 66, 67
tyche Mikalson (2003) 160
uncertainty of human life Hau (2017) 183, 185, 206
uzziah Gera (2014) 67
vignettes,moralising Hau (2017) 183
warrior women Gera (2014) 65, 66, 67
wealth' Hau (2017) 185
wealth Hau (2017) 181
weapons Gera (2014) 67
widows Gera (2014) 65, 66, 67
wine and drunkenness Gera (2014) 66, 67
xerxes Gera (2014) 65, 67; Hau (2017) 182, 183; Lipka (2021) 153
xerxes of persia,dreams of Mikalson (2003) 82, 158, 227
xerxes of persia,impieties of Mikalson (2003) 82
xerxes of persia,omens to Mikalson (2003) 158
xerxes of persia,phthonos and Mikalson (2003) 82
zeus,of persia Mikalson (2003) 160
θώματα (marvels) Torok (2014) 43
λόγος (oral report,story,prose text) Torok (2014) 43
νόμοι (laws and customs) Torok (2014) 43
ἔργα μεγάλα (great accomplishments) Torok (2014) 43