1. Herodotus, Histories, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.19, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.30, 1.31, 1.32, 1.33, 1.34, 1.35, 1.36, 1.37, 1.38, 1.39, 1.40, 1.41, 1.42, 1.43, 1.44, 1.45, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48, 1.49, 1.50, 1.51, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59, 1.60, 1.64, 1.65, 1.66, 1.67, 1.68, 1.69, 1.70, 1.71, 1.72, 1.73, 1.74, 1.75, 1.76, 1.77, 1.78, 1.79, 1.80, 1.81, 1.82, 1.83, 1.84, 1.85, 1.86, 1.87, 1.88, 1.89, 1.90, 1.91, 1.92, 1.93, 1.94, 1.107, 1.108, 1.118, 1.120, 1.124, 1.192, 1.196, 1.198, 1.199, 1.202, 1.203, 1.204, 1.205, 1.206, 1.207, 1.208, 1.209.4, 1.210, 1.211, 1.212, 1.213, 1.214, 1.215, 1.216, 2.139, 2.141, 2.152, 2.161, 2.162, 2.163, 2.169, 3.3, 3.16, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22, 3.23, 3.24, 3.25, 3.26, 3.27, 3.29, 3.30, 3.31, 3.32, 3.33, 3.37, 3.38, 3.39, 3.40, 3.41, 3.42, 3.43, 3.64, 3.65, 3.98, 3.99, 3.100, 3.101, 3.102, 3.103, 3.104, 3.105, 3.108, 3.120, 3.121, 3.122, 3.123, 3.124, 3.125, 3.149, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17, 4.18, 4.19, 4.20, 4.21, 4.22, 4.23, 4.24, 4.25, 4.26, 4.27, 4.28, 4.29, 4.30, 4.31, 4.32, 4.33, 4.34, 4.35, 4.36, 4.37, 4.38, 4.39, 4.40, 4.41, 4.42, 4.43, 4.44, 4.45, 4.46, 4.47, 4.48, 4.49, 4.50, 4.51, 4.52, 4.53, 4.54, 4.55, 4.56, 4.57, 4.58, 4.59, 4.60, 4.61, 4.62, 4.63, 4.64, 4.65, 4.66, 4.67, 4.68, 4.69, 4.70, 4.71, 4.72, 4.73, 4.74, 4.75, 4.76, 4.77, 4.78, 4.79, 4.80, 4.81, 4.82, 4.83, 4.134, 4.135, 4.136, 4.137, 4.138, 4.139, 4.172, 4.179, 4.181, 4.183, 4.187, 4.188, 4.189, 4.197, 4.205, 5.3, 5.7, 5.9, 5.49, 5.91, 6.76, 6.107, 6.118, 7.8, 7.10.ε, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18, 7.19, 7.35, 7.37, 7.39, 7.46, 7.47, 7.49, 7.52, 7.53, 7.54, 7.55, 7.56, 7.57, 7.99, 7.113, 7.114, 7.117, 7.120, 7.133, 7.137, 7.143, 7.144, 7.208, 7.209, 7.210, 7.211, 8.54, 8.57, 8.58, 8.59, 8.60, 8.61, 8.62, 8.63, 8.68, 8.75, 8.76, 8.77, 8.79, 8.80, 8.81, 8.83, 8.84, 8.85, 8.86, 8.87, 8.88, 8.89, 8.90, 8.99, 8.109, 8.115, 8.120, 8.129, 9.16, 9.61, 9.62, 9.76, 9.122 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 1.10. As Gyges could not escape, he consented. Candaules, when he judged it to be time for bed, brought Gyges into the chamber; his wife followed presently, and when she had come in and was laying aside her garments, Gyges saw her; ,when she turned her back upon him to go to bed, he slipped from the room. The woman glimpsed him as he went out, and perceived what her husband had done. But though shamed, she did not cry out or let it be seen that she had perceived anything, for she meant to punish Candaules; ,since among the Lydians and most of the foreign peoples it is felt as a great shame that even a man be seen naked. |
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3. Xenophon, The Persian Expedition, 3.1.11-3.1.13, 4.3.8, 6.1.22 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 3.1.11. Now when the time of perplexity came, he was distressed as well as everybody else and was unable to sleep; but, getting at length a little sleep, he had a dream. It seemed to him that there was a clap of thunder and a bolt fell on his father’s house, setting the whole house ablaze. 3.1.12. He awoke at once in great fear, and judged the dream in one way an auspicious one, because in the midst of hardships and perils he had seemed to behold a great light from Zeus; but looking at it in another way he was fearful, since the dream came, as he thought, from Zeus the King and the fire appeared to blaze all about, lest he might not be able to escape out of the King’s country, King Zeus in the dream is the Persian King in the interpretation. but might be shut in on all sides by various difficulties. 3.1.13. Now what it really means to have such a dream one may learn from the events which followed the dream—and they were these: Firstly, on the moment of his awakening the thought occurred to him: Why do I lie here? The night is wearing on, and at daybreak it is likely that the enemy will be upon us. And if we fall into the King’s hands, what is there to prevent our living to behold all the most grievous sights and to experience all the most dreadful sufferings, and then being put to death with insult? 4.3.8. That day and night, accordingly, they remained there, in great perplexity. But Xenophon had a dream; he thought that he was bound in fetters, but that the fetters fell off from him of their own accord, so that he was released and could take as long steps διαβαίνειν, which also means to cross a river (see above). Here lay the good omen of the dream. as he pleased. When dawn came, he went to Cheirisophus, told him he had hopes that all would be well, and related to him his dream. 6.1.22. Quite unable as he was to decide the question, it seemed best to him to consult the gods; and he accordingly brought two victims to the altar and proceeded to offer sacrifice to King Zeus, the very god that the oracle at Delphi had prescribed for him; cp. Xen. Anab. 3.1.5 ff. and it was likewise from this god, as he believed, that the dream cp. Xen. Anab. 3.1.11 f. came which he had at the time when he took the first steps toward assuming a share in the charge of the army. |
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