1. Hebrew Bible, Song of Songs, 1.5-1.6, 1.9, 1.15, 2.7, 3.5, 4.1-4.5, 4.7, 4.9-4.15, 6.4-6.10, 8.1, 8.5-8.9, 8.11-8.14 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 1.5. שְׁחוֹרָה אֲנִי וְנָאוָה בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָם כְּאָהֳלֵי קֵדָר כִּירִיעוֹת שְׁלֹמֹה׃ 1.6. אַל־תִּרְאוּנִי שֶׁאֲנִי שְׁחַרְחֹרֶת שֶׁשֱּׁזָפַתְנִי הַשָּׁמֶשׁ בְּנֵי אִמִּי נִחֲרוּ־בִי שָׂמֻנִי נֹטֵרָה אֶת־הַכְּרָמִים כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי לֹא נָטָרְתִּי׃ 1.9. לְסֻסָתִי בְּרִכְבֵי פַרְעֹה דִּמִּיתִיךְ רַעְיָתִי׃ 1.15. הִנָּךְ יָפָה רַעְיָתִי הִנָּךְ יָפָה עֵינַיִךְ יוֹנִים׃ 2.7. הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם בִּצְבָאוֹת אוֹ בְּאַיְלוֹת הַשָּׂדֶה אִם־תָּעִירוּ וְאִם־תְּעוֹרְרוּ אֶת־הָאַהֲבָה עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּץ׃ 3.5. הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם בִּצְבָאוֹת אוֹ בְּאַיְלוֹת הַשָּׂדֶה אִם־תָּעִירוּ וְאִם־תְּעוֹרְרוּ אֶת־הָאַהֲבָה עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּץ׃ 4.1. מַה־יָּפוּ דֹדַיִךְ אֲחֹתִי כַלָּה מַה־טֹּבוּ דֹדַיִךְ מִיַּיִן וְרֵיחַ שְׁמָנַיִךְ מִכָּל־בְּשָׂמִים׃ 4.1. הִנָּךְ יָפָה רַעְיָתִי הִנָּךְ יָפָה עֵינַיִךְ יוֹנִים מִבַּעַד לְצַמָּתֵךְ שַׂעְרֵךְ כְּעֵדֶר הָעִזִּים שֶׁגָּלְשׁוּ מֵהַר גִּלְעָד׃ 4.2. שִׁנַּיִךְ כְּעֵדֶר הַקְּצוּבוֹת שֶׁעָלוּ מִן־הָרַחְצָה שֶׁכֻּלָּם מַתְאִימוֹת וְשַׁכֻּלָה אֵין בָּהֶם׃ 4.3. כְּחוּט הַשָּׁנִי שִׂפְתֹתַיִךְ וּמִדְבָּרֵיךְ נָאוֶה כְּפֶלַח הָרִמּוֹן רַקָּתֵךְ מִבַּעַד לְצַמָּתֵךְ׃ 4.4. כְּמִגְדַּל דָּוִיד צַוָּארֵךְ בָּנוּי לְתַלְפִּיּוֹת אֶלֶף הַמָּגֵן תָּלוּי עָלָיו כֹּל שִׁלְטֵי הַגִּבּוֹרִים׃ 4.5. שְׁנֵי שָׁדַיִךְ כִּשְׁנֵי עֳפָרִים תְּאוֹמֵי צְבִיָּה הָרוֹעִים בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּים׃ 4.7. כֻּלָּךְ יָפָה רַעְיָתִי וּמוּם אֵין בָּךְ׃ 4.9. לִבַּבְתִּנִי אֲחֹתִי כַלָּה לִבַּבְתִּינִי באחד [בְּאַחַת] מֵעֵינַיִךְ בְּאַחַד עֲנָק מִצַּוְּרֹנָיִךְ׃ 4.11. נֹפֶת תִּטֹּפְנָה שִׂפְתוֹתַיִךְ כַּלָּה דְּבַשׁ וְחָלָב תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנֵךְ וְרֵיחַ שַׂלְמֹתַיִךְ כְּרֵיחַ לְבָנוֹן׃ 4.12. גַּן נָעוּל אֲחֹתִי כַלָּה גַּל נָעוּל מַעְיָן חָתוּם׃ 4.13. שְׁלָחַיִךְ פַּרְדֵּס רִמּוֹנִים עִם פְּרִי מְגָדִים כְּפָרִים עִם־נְרָדִים׃ 4.14. נֵרְדְּ וְכַרְכֹּם קָנֶה וְקִנָּמוֹן עִם כָּל־עֲצֵי לְבוֹנָה מֹר וַאֲהָלוֹת עִם כָּל־רָאשֵׁי בְשָׂמִים׃ 4.15. מַעְיַן גַּנִּים בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים וְנֹזְלִים מִן־לְבָנוֹן׃ 6.4. יָפָה אַתְּ רַעְיָתִי כְּתִרְצָה נָאוָה כִּירוּשָׁלִָם אֲיֻמָּה כַּנִּדְגָּלוֹת׃ 6.5. הָסֵבִּי עֵינַיִךְ מִנֶּגְדִּי שֶׁהֵם הִרְהִיבֻנִי שַׂעְרֵךְ כְּעֵדֶר הָעִזִּים שֶׁגָּלְשׁוּ מִן־הַגִּלְעָד׃ 6.6. שִׁנַּיִךְ כְּעֵדֶר הָרְחֵלִים שֶׁעָלוּ מִן־הָרַחְצָה שֶׁכֻּלָּם מַתְאִימוֹת וְשַׁכֻּלָה אֵין בָּהֶם׃ 6.7. כְּפֶלַח הָרִמּוֹן רַקָּתֵךְ מִבַּעַד לְצַמָּתֵךְ׃ 6.8. שִׁשִּׁים הֵמָּה מְּלָכוֹת וּשְׁמֹנִים פִּילַגְשִׁים וַעֲלָמוֹת אֵין מִסְפָּר׃ 6.9. אַחַת הִיא יוֹנָתִי תַמָּתִי אַחַת הִיא לְאִמָּהּ בָּרָה הִיא לְיוֹלַדְתָּהּ רָאוּהָ בָנוֹת וַיְאַשְּׁרוּהָ מְלָכוֹת וּפִילַגְשִׁים וַיְהַלְלוּהָ׃ 8.1. מִי יִתֶּנְךָ כְּאָח לִי יוֹנֵק שְׁדֵי אִמִּי אֶמְצָאֲךָ בַחוּץ אֶשָׁקְךָ גַּם לֹא־יָבוּזוּ לִי׃ 8.1. אֲנִי חוֹמָה וְשָׁדַי כַּמִּגְדָּלוֹת אָז הָיִיתִי בְעֵינָיו כְּמוֹצְאֵת שָׁלוֹם׃ 8.5. מִי זֹאת עֹלָה מִן־הַמִּדְבָּר מִתְרַפֶּקֶת עַל־דּוֹדָהּ תַּחַת הַתַּפּוּחַ עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ שָׁמָּה חִבְּלַתְךָ אִמֶּךָ שָׁמָּה חִבְּלָה יְלָדַתְךָ׃ 8.6. שִׂימֵנִי כַחוֹתָם עַל־לִבֶּךָ כַּחוֹתָם עַל־זְרוֹעֶךָ כִּי־עַזָּה כַמָּוֶת אַהֲבָה קָשָׁה כִשְׁאוֹל קִנְאָה רְשָׁפֶיהָ רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה׃ 8.7. מַיִם רַבִּים לֹא יוּכְלוּ לְכַבּוֹת אֶת־הָאַהֲבָה וּנְהָרוֹת לֹא יִשְׁטְפוּהָ אִם־יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶת־כָּל־הוֹן בֵּיתוֹ בָּאַהֲבָה בּוֹז יָבוּזוּ לוֹ׃ 8.8. אָחוֹת לָנוּ קְטַנָּה וְשָׁדַיִם אֵין לָהּ מַה־נַּעֲשֶׂה לַאֲחֹתֵנוּ בַּיּוֹם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּר־בָּהּ׃ 8.9. אִם־חוֹמָה הִיא נִבְנֶה עָלֶיהָ טִירַת כָּסֶף וְאִם־דֶּלֶת הִיא נָצוּר עָלֶיהָ לוּחַ אָרֶז׃ 8.11. כֶּרֶם הָיָה לִשְׁלֹמֹה בְּבַעַל הָמוֹן נָתַן אֶת־הַכֶּרֶם לַנֹּטְרִים אִישׁ יָבִא בְּפִרְיוֹ אֶלֶף כָּסֶף׃ 8.12. כָּרְמִי שֶׁלִּי לְפָנָי הָאֶלֶף לְךָ שְׁלֹמֹה וּמָאתַיִם לְנֹטְרִים אֶת־פִּרְיוֹ׃ 8.13. הַיוֹשֶׁבֶת בַּגַּנִּים חֲבֵרִים מַקְשִׁיבִים לְקוֹלֵךְ הַשְׁמִיעִינִי׃ 8.14. בְּרַח דּוֹדִי וּדְמֵה־לְךָ לִצְבִי אוֹ לְעֹפֶר הָאַיָּלִים עַל הָרֵי בְשָׂמִים׃ | 1.5. ’I am black, but comely, O ye daughters of Jerusalem, As the tents of Kedar, As the curtains of Solomon. 1.6. Look not upon me, that I am swarthy, That the sun hath tanned me; My mother’s sons were incensed against me, They made me keeper of the vineyards; But mine own vineyard have I not kept.’ 1.9. I have compared thee, O my love, To a steed in Pharaoh’s chariots. 1.15. Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; Thine eyes are as doves. . 2.7. ’I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, By the gazelles, and by the hinds of the field, That ye awaken not, nor stir up love, until it please.’ 3.5. ’I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, By the gazelles, and by the hinds of the field, That ye awaken not, nor stir up love, Until it please.’ 4.1. Behold, thou art fair, my love; behold, thou art fair; Thine eyes are as doves behind thy veil; Thy hair is as a flock of goats, that trail down from mount Gilead. 4.2. Thy teeth are like a flock of ewes all shaped alike, Which are come up from the washing; Whereof all are paired, and none faileth among them. 4.3. Thy lips are like a thread of scarlet, And thy mouth is comely; Thy temples are like a pomegranate split open Behind thy veil. 4.4. Thy neck is like the tower of David Builded with turrets, Whereon there hang a thousand shields, All the armour of the mighty men. 4.5. Thy two breasts are like two fawns That are twins of a gazelle, Which feed among the lilies. 4.7. Thou art all fair, my love; And there is no spot in thee. 4.9. Thou hast ravished my heart, my sister, my bride; Thou hast ravished my heart with one of thine eyes, With one bead of thy necklace. 4.10. How fair is thy love, my sister, my bride! How much better is thy love than wine! And the smell of thine ointments than all manner of spices! 4.11. Thy lips, O my bride, drop honey— Honey and milk are under thy tongue; And the smell of thy garments is like the smell of Lebanon. 4.12. A garden shut up is my sister, my bride; A spring shut up, a fountain sealed. 4.13. Thy shoots are a park of pomegranates, With precious fruits; Henna with spikenard plants 4.14. Spikenard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon, With all trees of frankincense; Myrrh and aloes, with all the chief spices. 4.15. Thou art a fountain of gardens, A well of living waters, And flowing streams from Lebanon. 6.4. Thou art beautiful, O my love, as Tirzah, Comely as Jerusalem, Terrible as an army with banners. 6.5. Turn away thine eyes from me, For they have overcome me. Thy hair is as a flock of goats, That trail down from Gilead. 6.6. Thy teeth are like a flock of ewes, Which are come up from the washing; Whereof all are paired, And none faileth among them. 6.7. Thy temples are like a pomegranate split open Behind thy veil. 6.8. There are threescore queens, And fourscore concubines, And maidens without number. 6.9. My dove, my undefiled, is but one; She is the only one of her mother; She is the choice one of her that bore her. The daughters saw her, and called her happy; Yea, the queens and the concubines, and they praised her. 6.10. Who is she that looketh forth as the dawn, Fair as the moon, Clear as the sun, Terrible as an army with banners? 8.1. Oh that thou wert as my brother, That sucked the breasts of my mother! When I should find thee without, I would kiss thee; Yea, and none would despise me. 8.5. Who is this that cometh up from the wilderness, Leaning upon her beloved? Under the apple-tree I awakened thee; There thy mother was in travail with thee; There was she in travail and brought thee forth. 8.6. Set me as a seal upon thy heart, As a seal upon thine arm; For love is strong as death, Jealousy is cruel as the grave; The flashes thereof are flashes of fire, A very flame of the LORD. 8.7. Many waters cannot quench love, Neither can the floods drown it; If a man would give all the substance of his house for love, He would utterly be contemned. 8.8. We have a little sister, And she hath no breasts; What shall we do for our sister In the day when she shall be spoken for? 8.9. If she be a wall, We will build upon her a turret of silver; And if she be a door, We will enclose her with boards of cedar. 8.11. Solomon had a vineyard at Baal-hamon; He gave over the vineyard unto keepers; Every one for the fruit thereof Brought in a thousand pieces of silver. 8.12. My vineyard, which is mine, is before me; Thou, O Solomon, shalt have the thousand, And those that keep the fruit thereof two hundred. 8.13. Thou that dwellest in the gardens, The companions hearken for thy voice: ‘Cause me to hear it.’ 8.14. Make haste, my beloved, And be thou like to a gazelle or to a young hart Upon the mountains of spices. |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 4.28, 6.26-6.27, 16.35, 31.13, 35.33 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 4.28. וַיַּגֵּד מֹשֶׁה לְאַהֲרֹן אֵת כָּל־דִּבְרֵי יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר שְׁלָחוֹ וְאֵת כָּל־הָאֹתֹת אֲשֶׁר צִוָּהוּ׃ 6.26. הוּא אַהֲרֹן וּמֹשֶׁה אֲשֶׁר אָמַר יְהוָה לָהֶם הוֹצִיאוּ אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם עַל־צִבְאֹתָם׃ 6.27. הֵם הַמְדַבְּרִים אֶל־פַּרְעֹה מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם לְהוֹצִיא אֶת־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרָיִם הוּא מֹשֶׁה וְאַהֲרֹן׃ 16.35. וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָכְלוּ אֶת־הַמָּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה עַד־בֹּאָם אֶל־אֶרֶץ נוֹשָׁבֶת אֶת־הַמָּן אָכְלוּ עַד־בֹּאָם אֶל־קְצֵה אֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן׃ 31.13. וְאַתָּה דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר אַךְ אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹתַי תִּשְׁמֹרוּ כִּי אוֹת הִוא בֵּינִי וּבֵינֵיכֶם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם לָדַעַת כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶם׃ 35.33. וּבַחֲרֹשֶׁת אֶבֶן לְמַלֹּאת וּבַחֲרֹשֶׁת עֵץ לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּכָל־מְלֶאכֶת מַחֲשָׁבֶת׃ | 4.28. And Moses told Aaron all the words of the LORD wherewith He had sent him, and all the signs wherewith He had charged him." 6.26. These are that Aaron and Moses, to whom the LORD said: ‘Bring out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their hosts.’" 6.27. These are they that spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring out the children of Israel from Egypt. These are that Moses and Aaron." 16.35. And the children of Israel did eat the manna forty years, until they came to a land inhabited; they did eat the manna, until they came unto the borders of the land of Canaan." 31.13. ’Speak thou also unto the children of Israel, saying: Verily ye shall keep My sabbaths, for it is a sign between Me and you throughout your generations, that ye may know that I am the LORD who sanctify you." 35.33. and in cutting of stones for setting, and in carving of wood, to work in all manner of skilful workmanship." |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 19.14 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 19.14. וַיֵּצֵא לוֹט וַיְדַבֵּר אֶל־חֲתָנָיו לֹקְחֵי בְנֹתָיו וַיֹּאמֶר קוּמוּ צְּאוּ מִן־הַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה כִּי־מַשְׁחִית יְהוָה אֶת־הָעִיר וַיְהִי כִמְצַחֵק בְּעֵינֵי חֲתָנָיו׃ | 19.14. And Lot went out, and spoke unto his sons-in-law, who married his daughters, and said: ‘Up, get you out of this place; for the LORD will destroy the city.’ But he seemed unto his sons-in-law as one that jested." |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 22.32 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 22.32. וְלֹא תְחַלְּלוּ אֶת־שֵׁם קָדְשִׁי וְנִקְדַּשְׁתִּי בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲנִי יְהוָה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶם׃ | 22.32. And ye shall not profane My holy name; but I will be hallowed among the children of Israel: I am the LORD who hallow you," |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 13.33 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 13.33. וְשָׁם רָאִינוּ אֶת־הַנְּפִילִים בְּנֵי עֲנָק מִן־הַנְּפִלִים וַנְּהִי בְעֵינֵינוּ כַּחֲגָבִים וְכֵן הָיִינוּ בְּעֵינֵיהֶם׃ | 13.33. And there we saw the Nephilim, the sons of Anak, who come of the Nephilim; and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight.’" |
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6. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 3.7, 3.17 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 3.7. אַל־תְּהִי חָכָם בְּעֵינֶיךָ יְרָא אֶת־יְהוָה וְסוּר מֵרָע׃ 3.17. דְּרָכֶיהָ דַרְכֵי־נֹעַם וְכָל־נְתִיבוֹתֶיהָ שָׁלוֹם׃ | 3.7. Be not wise in thine own eyes; Fear the LORD, and depart from evil;" 3.17. Her ways are ways of pleasantness, And all her paths are peace." |
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7. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 93, 92 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
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8. Hebrew Bible, 1 Kings, 6.16, 9.3 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 6.16. וַיִּבֶן אֶת־עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה מירכותי [מִיַּרְכְּתֵי] הַבַּיִת בְּצַלְעוֹת אֲרָזִים מִן־הַקַּרְקַע עַד־הַקִּירוֹת וַיִּבֶן לוֹ מִבַּיִת לִדְבִיר לְקֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים׃ 9.3. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֵלָיו שָׁמַעְתִּי אֶת־תְּפִלָּתְךָ וְאֶת־תְּחִנָּתְךָ אֲשֶׁר הִתְחַנַּנְתָּה לְפָנַי הִקְדַּשְׁתִּי אֶת־הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר בָּנִתָה לָשׂוּם־שְׁמִי שָׁם עַד־עוֹלָם וְהָיוּ עֵינַי וְלִבִּי שָׁם כָּל־הַיָּמִים׃ | 6.16. And he built twenty cubits on the hinder part of the house with boards of cedar from the floor unto the joists; he even built them for himself within, for a Sanctuary, even for the most holy place." 9.3. And the LORD said unto him: ‘I have heard thy prayer and thy supplication, that thou hast made before Me: I have hallowed this house, which thou hast built, to put My name there for ever; and Mine eyes and My heart shall be there perpetually." |
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9. Hebrew Bible, 2 Kings, 2.12, 13.14 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 2.12. וֶאֱלִישָׁע רֹאֶה וְהוּא מְצַעֵק אָבִי אָבִי רֶכֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפָרָשָׁיו וְלֹא רָאָהוּ עוֹד וַיַּחֲזֵק בִּבְגָדָיו וַיִּקְרָעֵם לִשְׁנַיִם קְרָעִים׃ 13.14. וֶאֱלִישָׁע חָלָה אֶת־חָלְיוֹ אֲשֶׁר יָמוּת בּוֹ וַיֵּרֶד אֵלָיו יוֹאָשׁ מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֵּבְךְּ עַל־פָּנָיו וַיֹּאמַר אָבִי אָבִי רֶכֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפָרָשָׁיו׃ | 2.12. And Elisha saw it, and he cried: ‘My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof! ’ And he saw him no more; and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces." 13.14. Now Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness whereof he was to die; and Joash the king of Israel came down unto him, and wept over him, and said: ‘My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof! ’" |
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10. Hebrew Bible, 2 Samuel, 6.22 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 6.22. וּנְקַלֹּתִי עוֹד מִזֹּאת וְהָיִיתִי שָׁפָל בְּעֵינָי וְעִם־הָאֲמָהוֹת אֲשֶׁר אָמַרְתְּ עִמָּם אִכָּבֵדָה׃ | 6.22. and I will yet be more lightly esteemed than this, holding myself lowly: and of the maidservants of whom thou hast spoken, of them shall I be had in honour." |
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11. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 5.6, 6.3, 8.14, 62.7, 63.4, 66.11 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 5.6. וַאֲשִׁיתֵהוּ בָתָה לֹא יִזָּמֵר וְלֹא יֵעָדֵר וְעָלָה שָׁמִיר וָשָׁיִת וְעַל הֶעָבִים אֲצַוֶּה מֵהַמְטִיר עָלָיו מָטָר׃ 6.3. וְקָרָא זֶה אֶל־זֶה וְאָמַר קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת מְלֹא כָל־הָאָרֶץ כְּבוֹדוֹ׃ 8.14. וְהָיָה לְמִקְדָּשׁ וּלְאֶבֶן נֶגֶף וּלְצוּר מִכְשׁוֹל לִשְׁנֵי בָתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְפַח וּלְמוֹקֵשׁ לְיוֹשֵׁב יְרוּשָׁלִָם׃ 62.7. וְאַל־תִּתְּנוּ דֳמִי לוֹ עַד־יְכוֹנֵן וְעַד־יָשִׂים אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַם תְּהִלָּה בָּאָרֶץ׃ 63.4. כִּי יוֹם נָקָם בְּלִבִּי וּשְׁנַת גְּאוּלַי בָּאָה׃ 66.11. לְמַעַן תִּינְקוּ וּשְׂבַעְתֶּם מִשֹּׁד תַּנְחֻמֶיהָ לְמַעַן תָּמֹצּוּ וְהִתְעַנַּגְתֶּם מִזִּיז כְּבוֹדָהּ׃ | 5.6. And I will lay it waste: It shall not be pruned nor hoed, But there shall come up briers and thorns; I will also command the clouds That they rain no rain upon it." 6.3. And one called unto another, and said: Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts; The whole earth is full of His glory." 8.14. And He shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem." 62.7. And give Him no rest, Till He establish, And till He make Jerusalem A praise in the earth.’" 63.4. For the day of vengeance that was in My heart, and My year of redemption are come." 66.11. That ye may suck, and be satisfied With the breast of her consolations; That ye may drink deeply with delight of the abundance of her glory." |
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12. Hebrew Bible, Jeremiah, 7.11 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 7.11. הַמְעָרַת פָּרִצִים הָיָה הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָא־שְׁמִי עָלָיו בְּעֵינֵיכֶם גַּם אָנֹכִי הִנֵּה רָאִיתִי נְאֻם־יְהוָה׃ | 7.11. Is this house, whereupon My name is called, become a den of robbers in your eyes? Behold, I, even I, have seen it, saith the LORD." |
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13. Hebrew Bible, Lamentations, 2.20 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 2.20. ’See, O LORD, and consider, To whom Thou hast done thus! Shall the women eat their fruit, The children that are dandled in the hands? Shall the priest and the prophet be slain In the sanctuary of the Lord?" |
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14. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 11.13, 11.15-11.21, 37.28, 47.1-47.12 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 11.13. וַיְהִי כְּהִנָּבְאִי וּפְלַטְיָהוּ בֶן־בְּנָיָה מֵת וָאֶפֹּל עַל־פָּנַי וָאֶזְעַק קוֹל־גָּדוֹל וָאֹמַר אֲהָהּ אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה כָּלָה אַתָּה עֹשֶׂה אֵת שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל׃ 11.15. בֶּן־אָדָם אַחֶיךָ אַחֶיךָ אַנְשֵׁי גְאֻלָּתֶךָ וְכָל־בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל כֻּלֹּה אֲשֶׁר אָמְרוּ לָהֶם יֹשְׁבֵי יְרוּשָׁלִַם רַחֲקוּ מֵעַל יְהוָה לָנוּ הִיא נִתְּנָה הָאָרֶץ לְמוֹרָשָׁה׃ 11.16. לָכֵן אֱמֹר כֹּה־אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה כִּי הִרְחַקְתִּים בַּגּוֹיִם וְכִי הֲפִיצוֹתִים בָּאֲרָצוֹת וָאֱהִי לָהֶם לְמִקְדָּשׁ מְעַט בָּאֲרָצוֹת אֲשֶׁר־בָּאוּ שָׁם׃ 11.17. לָכֵן אֱמֹר כֹּה־אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה וְקִבַּצְתִּי אֶתְכֶם מִן־הָעַמִּים וְאָסַפְתִּי אֶתְכֶם מִן־הָאֲרָצוֹת אֲשֶׁר נְפֹצוֹתֶם בָּהֶם וְנָתַתִּי לָכֶם אֶת־אַדְמַת יִשְׂרָאֵל׃ 11.18. וּבָאוּ־שָׁמָּה וְהֵסִירוּ אֶת־כָּל־שִׁקּוּצֶיהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־תּוֹעֲבוֹתֶיהָ מִמֶּנָּה׃ 11.19. וְנָתַתִּי לָהֶם לֵב אֶחָד וְרוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה אֶתֵּן בְּקִרְבְּכֶם וַהֲסִרֹתִי לֵב הָאֶבֶן מִבְּשָׂרָם וְנָתַתִּי לָהֶם לֵב בָּשָׂר׃ 11.21. וְאֶל־לֵב שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶם וְתוֹעֲבוֹתֵיהֶם לִבָּם הֹלֵךְ דַּרְכָּם בְּרֹאשָׁם נָתַתִּי נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה׃ 37.28. וְיָדְעוּ הַגּוֹיִם כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה מְקַדֵּשׁ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּהְיוֹת מִקְדָּשִׁי בְּתוֹכָם לְעוֹלָם׃ 47.1. וְהָיָה יעמדו [עָמְדוּ] עָלָיו דַּוָּגִים מֵעֵין גֶּדִי וְעַד־עֵין עֶגְלַיִם מִשְׁטוֹחַ לַחֲרָמִים יִהְיוּ לְמִינָה תִּהְיֶה דְגָתָם כִּדְגַת הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל רַבָּה מְאֹד׃ 47.1. וַיְשִׁבֵנִי אֶל־פֶּתַח הַבַּיִת וְהִנֵּה־מַיִם יֹצְאִים מִתַּחַת מִפְתַּן הַבַּיִת קָדִימָה כִּי־פְנֵי הַבַּיִת קָדִים וְהַמַּיִם יֹרְדִים מִתַּחַת מִכֶּתֶף הַבַּיִת הַיְמָנִית מִנֶּגֶב לַמִּזְבֵּחַ׃ 47.2. וּפְאַת־יָם הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל מִגְּבוּל עַד־נֹכַח לְבוֹא חֲמָת זֹאת פְּאַת־יָם׃ 47.2. וַיּוֹצִאֵנִי דֶּרֶךְ־שַׁעַר צָפוֹנָה וַיְסִבֵּנִי דֶּרֶךְ חוּץ אֶל־שַׁעַר הַחוּץ דֶּרֶךְ הַפּוֹנֶה קָדִים וְהִנֵּה־מַיִם מְפַכִּים מִן־הַכָּתֵף הַיְמָנִית׃ 47.3. בְּצֵאת־הָאִישׁ קָדִים וְקָו בְּיָדוֹ וַיָּמָד אֶלֶף בָּאַמָּה וַיַּעֲבִרֵנִי בַמַּיִם מֵי אָפְסָיִם׃ 47.4. וַיָּמָד אֶלֶף וַיַּעֲבִרֵנִי בַמַּיִם מַיִם בִּרְכָּיִם וַיָּמָד אֶלֶף וַיַּעֲבִרֵנִי מֵי מָתְנָיִם׃ 47.5. וַיָּמָד אֶלֶף נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא־אוּכַל לַעֲבֹר כִּי־גָאוּ הַמַּיִם מֵי שָׂחוּ נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יֵעָבֵר׃ 47.6. וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי הֲרָאִיתָ בֶן־אָדָם וַיּוֹלִכֵנִי וַיְשִׁבֵנִי שְׂפַת הַנָּחַל׃ 47.7. בְּשׁוּבֵנִי וְהִנֵּה אֶל־שְׂפַת הַנַּחַל עֵץ רַב מְאֹד מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה׃ 47.8. וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי הַמַּיִם הָאֵלֶּה יוֹצְאִים אֶל־הַגְּלִילָה הַקַּדְמוֹנָה וְיָרְדוּ עַל־הָעֲרָבָה וּבָאוּ הַיָּמָּה אֶל־הַיָּמָּה הַמּוּצָאִים ונרפאו [וְנִרְפּוּ] הַמָּיִם׃ 47.9. וְהָיָה כָל־נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁרֹץ אֶל כָּל־אֲשֶׁר יָבוֹא שָׁם נַחֲלַיִם יִחְיֶה וְהָיָה הַדָּגָה רַבָּה מְאֹד כִּי בָאוּ שָׁמָּה הַמַּיִם הָאֵלֶּה וְיֵרָפְאוּ וָחָי כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־יָבוֹא שָׁמָּה הַנָּחַל׃ 47.11. בצאתו [בִּצֹּאתָיו] וּגְבָאָיו וְלֹא יֵרָפְאוּ לְמֶלַח נִתָּנוּ׃ 47.12. וְעַל־הַנַּחַל יַעֲלֶה עַל־שְׂפָתוֹ מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה כָּל־עֵץ־מַאֲכָל לֹא־יִבּוֹל עָלֵהוּ וְלֹא־יִתֹּם פִּרְיוֹ לָחֳדָשָׁיו יְבַכֵּר כִּי מֵימָיו מִן־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הֵמָּה יוֹצְאִים והיו [וְהָיָה] פִרְיוֹ לְמַאֲכָל וְעָלֵהוּ לִתְרוּפָה׃ | 11.13. And it came to pass, when I prophesied, that Pelatiah the son of Benaiah died. Then fell I down upon my face, and cried with a loud voice, and said: ‘Ah Lord GOD! wilt Thou make a full end of the remt of Israel?’" 11.15. ’Son of man, as for thy brethren, even thy brethren, the men of thy kindred, and all the house of Israel, all of them, concerning whom the inhabitants of Jerusalem have said: Get you far from the LORD! unto us is this land given for a possession;" 11.16. therefore say: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Although I have removed them far off among the nations, and although I have scattered them among the countries, yet have I been to them as a little sanctuary in the countries where they are come;" 11.17. therefore say: Thus saith the Lord GOD: I will even gather you from the peoples, and assemble you out of the countries where ye have been scattered, and I will give you the land of Israel." 11.18. And they shall come thither, and they shall take away all the detestable things thereof and all the abominations thereof from thence." 11.19. And I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within you; and I will remove the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them a heart of flesh;" 11.20. that they may walk in My statutes, and keep Mine ordices, and do them; and they shall be My people, and I will be their God." 11.21. But as for them whose heart walketh after the heart of their detestable things and their abominations, I will bring their way upon their own heads, saith the Lord GOD.’" 37.28. And the nations shall know that I am the LORD that sanctify Israel, when My sanctuary shall be in the midst of them for ever.’" 47.1. And he brought me back unto the door of the house; and, behold, waters issued out from under the threshold of the house eastward, for the forefront of the house looked toward the east; and the waters came down from under, from the right side of the house, on the south of the altar. 47.2. Then brought he me out by the way of the gate northward, and led me round by the way without unto the outer gate, by the way of the gate that looketh toward the east; and, behold, there trickled forth waters on the right side." 47.3. When the man went forth eastward with the line in his hand, he measured a thousand cubits, and he caused me to pass through the waters, waters that were to the ankles." 47.4. Again he measured a thousand, and caused me to pass through the waters, waters that were to the knees. Again he measured a thousand, and caused me to pass through waters that were to the loins." 47.5. Afterward he measured a thousand; and it was a river that I could not pass through; for the waters were risen, waters to swim in, a river that could not be passed through." 47.6. And he said unto me: ‘Hast thou seen this, O son of man?’ Then he led me, and caused me to return to the bank of the river." 47.7. Now when I had been brought back, behold, upon the bank of the river were very many trees on the one side and on the other." 47.8. Then said he unto me: ‘These waters issue forth toward the eastern region, and shall go down into the Arabah; and when they shall enter into the sea, into the sea of the putrid waters, the waters shall be healed." 47.9. And it shall come to pass, that every living creature wherewith it swarmeth, whithersoever the rivers shall come, shall live; and there shall be a very great multitude of fish; for these waters are come thither, that all things be healed and may live whithersoever the river cometh." 47.10. And it shall come to pass, that fishers shall stand by it from En-gedi even unto En-eglaim; there shall be a place for the spreading of nets; their fish shall be after their kinds, as the fish of the Great Sea, exceeding many." 47.11. But the miry places thereof, and the marshes thereof, shall not be healed; they shall be given for salt." 47.12. And by the river upon the bank thereof, on this side and on that side, shall grow every tree for food, whose leaf shall not wither, neither shall the fruit thereof fail; it shall bring forth new fruit every month, because the waters thereof issue out of the sanctuary; and the fruit thereof shall be for food, and the leaf thereof for healing.’ ." |
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15. Hebrew Bible, Ecclesiastes, 10.1 (5th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 10.1. אִם־קֵהָה הַבַּרְזֶל וְהוּא לֹא־פָנִים קִלְקַל וַחֲיָלִים יְגַבֵּר וְיִתְרוֹן הכשיר [הַכְשֵׁר] חָכְמָה׃ 10.1. זְבוּבֵי מָוֶת יַבְאִישׁ יַבִּיעַ שֶׁמֶן רוֹקֵחַ יָקָר מֵחָכְמָה מִכָּבוֹד סִכְלוּת מְעָט׃ | 10.1. Dead flies make the ointment of the perfumer fetid and putrid; So doth a little folly outweigh wisdom and honour." |
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16. Hebrew Bible, Zechariah, 14.8 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 14.8. וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יֵצְאוּ מַיִם־חַיִּים מִירוּשָׁלִַם חֶצְיָם אֶל־הַיָּם הַקַּדְמוֹנִי וְחֶצְיָם אֶל־הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֹן בַּקַּיִץ וּבָחֹרֶף יִהְיֶה׃ | 14.8. And it shall come to pass in that day, That living waters shall go out from Jerusalem: Half of them toward the eastern sea, And half of them toward the western sea; In summer and in winter shall it be." |
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17. Hebrew Bible, Daniel, 12.7 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 12.7. וָאֶשְׁמַע אֶת־הָאִישׁ לְבוּשׁ הַבַּדִּים אֲשֶׁר מִמַּעַל לְמֵימֵי הַיְאֹר וַיָּרֶם יְמִינוֹ וּשְׂמֹאלוֹ אֶל־הַשָּׁמַיִם וַיִּשָּׁבַע בְּחֵי הָעוֹלָם כִּי לְמוֹעֵד מוֹעֲדִים וָחֵצִי וּכְכַלּוֹת נַפֵּץ יַד־עַם־קֹדֶשׁ תִּכְלֶינָה כָל־אֵלֶּה׃ | 12.7. And I heard the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, when he lifted up his right hand and his left hand unto heaven, and swore by Him that liveth for ever that it shall be for a time, times, and a half; and when they have made an end of breaking in pieces the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished." |
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18. Babylonian Talmud, Bava Batra, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
| 7b. מר ינוקא ומר קשישא בריה דרב חסדא לרב אשי נהרדעי לטעמייהו דאמר ר"נ אמר שמואל האחין שחלקו אין להן לא דרך זה על זה,ולא חלונות זה על זה ולא סולמות זה על זה ולא אמת המים זה על זה והזהרו בהן שהלכות קבועות הן ורבא אמר יש להן:,ההוא שטרא דיתמי דנפיק עליה תברא אמר רב חמא אגבויי לא מגבינן ליה ומיקרע לא קרעינן ליה אגבויי לא מגבינן ליה דנפק תברא עליה מיקרע לא קרעינן ליה דכי גדלי יתמי דילמא מייתו ראיה ומרעי ליה,אמר ליה רב אחא בריה דרבא לרבינא הלכתא מאי אמר ליה בכולהו הלכתא כרב חמא לבר מתברא דסהדי בשקרי לא מחזקינן,מר זוטרא בריה דרב מרי אמר בהא נמי הלכתא כרב חמא דאם איתא דתברא מעליא הוא איבעי ליה לאפוקי בחיי אבוהון ומדלא אפקיה שמע מינה זיופי זייפיה: , big strongמתני׳ /strong /big כופין אותו לבנות בית שער ודלת לחצר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר לא כל החצרות ראויות לבית שער כופין אותו לבנות לעיר חומה ודלתים ובריח רשב"ג אומר לא כל העיירות ראויות לחומה,כמה יהא בעיר ויהא כאנשי העיר י"ב חדש קנה בה בית דירה הרי הוא כאנשי העיר מיד:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big למימרא דבית שער מעליותא היא והא ההוא חסידא דהוה רגיל אליהו דהוה משתעי בהדיה עבד בית שער ותו לא משתעי בהדיה לא קשיא הא מגואי הא מבראי,ואי בעית אימא הא והא מבראי ולא קשיא הא דאית ליה דלת הא דלית ליה דלת אי בעית אימא הא והא דאית ליה דלת ולא קשיא הא דאית ליה פותחת הא דלית ליה פותחת אי בעית אימא הא והא דאית ליה פותחת ולא קשיא הא דפותחת דידיה מגואי הא דפותחת דידיה מבראי:,כופין אותו לבנות בית שער ודלת לחצר: תניא רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר לא כל חצרות ראויות לבית שער אלא חצר הסמוכה לרשות הרבים ראויה לבית שער ושאינה סמוכה לרשות הרבים אינה ראויה לבית שער ורבנן זימנין דדחקי בני רשות הרבים ועיילו ואתו:,כופין אותו לבנות לעיר כו': (ת"ר כופין אותו לעשות לעיר דלתים ובריח) ורבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר לא כל העיירות ראויות לחומה אלא עיר הסמוכה לספר ראויה לחומה ושאינה סמוכה לספר אינה ראויה לחומה ורבנן זימנין דמקרו ואתי גייסא,בעא מיניה רבי אלעזר מרבי יוחנן כשהן גובין לפי נפשות גובין או דילמא לפי שבח ממון גובין אמר ליה לפי ממון גובין ואלעזר בני קבע בה מסמרות,איכא דאמרי בעא מיניה רבי אלעזר מרבי יוחנן כשהן גובין לפי קירוב בתים הן גובין או דילמא לפי ממון גובין אמר ליה לפי קירוב בתים הן גובין ואלעזר בני קבע בה מסמרות,רבי יהודה נשיאה רמא דשורא אדרבנן אמר ריש לקיש רבנן לא צריכי נטירותא דכתיב (תהלים קלט, יח) אספרם מחול ירבון אספרם למאן אילימא לצדיקים דנפישי מחלא השתא כולהו ישראל כתיב בה (בראשית כב, יז) כחול אשר על שפת הים צדיקים עצמם מחול ירבון,אלא הכי קאמר אספרם למעשיהם של צדיקים מחול ירבון וקל וחומר ומה חול שמועט מגין על הים מעשיהם של צדיקים שהם מרובים לא כל שכן שמגינים עליהם,כי אתא לקמיה דרבי יוחנן אמר ליה מאי טעמא לא תימא ליה מהא (שיר השירים ח, י) אני חומה ושדי כמגדלות אני חומה זו תורה ושדי כמגדלות | 7b. i.e., bMar Yenuka and Mar Kashisha, sons of Rav Ḥisda,said to bRav Ashi: TheSages bof Neharde’afollow btheirusual line of breasoning,as Rav Ḥama, who was from Neharde’a, issued his ruling in accordance with the opinion of Shmuel, who was also from that city. bAs Rav Naḥman saysthat bShmuel says:In the case of bbrothers who dividedtheir father’s estate, bthey do not havea right-of- bway against each other.Although the father would traverse the outer field from the inner field to access the public domain, the brother who received the inner field as an inheritance does not have the right to traverse his brother’s outer field.,Shmuel continues: bNordo they have the right of bwindows against each other,i.e., the right to prevent the other from building a wall facing his windows; bnordo they have the right of bladders against each other,i.e., the right to set up a ladder in the other’s property in order to get to his own; bnordo they have the right of ba water channel against each other,i.e., the right to pass a water channel through the other’s property. bAnd be careful with these, since they are established ihalakhot /i. Rava says:The brothers bdo haveall of the aforementioned rights. Rav Ḥama agrees with Shmuel’s opinion, that each brother can do as he pleases on his own property without the other one preventing him from doing so.,Since Rav Ḥama’s rulings were mentioned, the Gemara cites another halakhic ruling in his name. There was ba certain promissory noteinherited bby orphansfrom their father, stating that somebody owed them money, bagainst which a receipt was producedby the borrower, stating that the debt was already paid. bRav Ḥama said: We cannotuse the note to bcollectthe debt on behalf of the orphans, bnor can we tear it up.The Gemara explains: bWe cannot collectwith the note because ba receipt against it was producedby the borrower; and bwe cannot tearthe note bup because perhaps when the orphans grow up they will bring proofthat the receipt was forged band undermine it. /b, bRav Aḥa, son of Rava, said to Ravina: Whatis bthe ihalakha /i?Ravina bsaid to him: In allthe cases in this discussion, bthe ihalakha /iis bin accordance withthe opinion of bRav Ḥama, except forthe case of bthe receipt, because we do not presume that the witnesses are liars.Since witnesses signed the receipt, the court trusts that the debt was paid and they tear up the promissory note., bMar Zutra, son of Rav Mari, said: In thiscase bas well, the ihalakha /iis bin accordance withthe opinion of bRav Ḥama,because the validity of the receipt is in doubt. bAs, if it is sothat bitis ba valid receipt,the borrower bshould have produced it during their father’s lifetime. And since he did not produce itat the proper time, bwe learn from this that hemay have bforged it.Even though this is not an absolute proof, it is sufficient reason not to tear up the promissory note., strongMISHNA: /strong The residents of a courtyard bcan compeleach inhabitant of that courtyard btoficially participate in the bbuilding of a gatehouse and a door to thejointly owned bcourtyard. Rabban Shimon ben Gamlieldisagrees and bsays: Not all courtyards require a gatehouse,and each courtyard must be considered on its own in accordance with its specific needs. Similarly, the residents of a city bcan compeleach inhabitant of that city btocontribute to the bbuilding of a wall, double doors, and a crossbar for the city. Rabban Shimon ben Gamlieldisagrees and bsays: Not all towns require a wall. /b,With regard to this latter obligation, the mishna asks: bHow longmust one live bin the city to beconsidered blikeone of bthe people of the cityand therefore obligated to contribute to these expenses? bTwelve months.But if he bboughthimself ba residence inthe city, bhe is immediatelyconsidered blikeone of bthe people of the city. /b, strongGEMARA: /strong The Gemara asks: bIs this to say thatmaking ba gatehouse is beneficial? Butwasn’t there bthat pious man, with whomthe prophet bElijah was accustomed to speak,who bbuilt a gatehouse, andafter-ward Elijah bdid not speak with him again?The objection to the building of a gatehouse is that the guard who mans it prevents the poor from entering and asking for charity. The Gemara answers: This is bnot difficult: This,the case presented in the mishna, is referring to a gatehouse built bon the insideof the courtyard, in which case the poor can at least reach the courtyard’s entrance and be heard inside the courtyard; bthat,the story of the pious man and Elijah, involves a gatehouse that was built bon the outsideof the courtyard, completely blocking the poor’s access to the courtyard’s entrance., bAnd if you wish, sayinstead that in bbothcases the gatehouse was built boutsidethe courtyard, bandyet this is bnot difficult:In the one case, bthere is a doorto the gatehouse, so that the poor cannot be heard inside the courtyard, while in the other case bthere is no door. Or if you wish, saythat in bbothcases bthere is a door, andstill this is bnot difficult:In the one case, bthere is a keyneeded to open the door, and the key is not available to the poor people, whereas in the other case, bthere is no keyneeded. bOr if you wish, saythat in bbothcases bthere is a keyneeded, bandeven so this is bnot difficult:In the one case bthe key is on the inside,so that the poor cannot reach it, while in the other case of the mishna, bthe key is on the outside. /b,§ The mishna teaches that the residents of a courtyard bcan compeleach inhabitant of that courtyard btoficially participate in the bbuilding of a gatehouse and a door to thejointly owned bcourtyard. It is taughtin a ibaraitathat bRabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Not all courtyards require a gatehouse. Rather, a courtyard that adjoins the public domain requires a gatehouseto prevent people from peering in. bButa courtyard bthat does not adjoin the public domain does not require a gatehouse.The Gemara asks: bAndwhy don’t bthe Rabbismake this distinction? The Gemara answers: Even if a courtyard does not adjoin the public domain, bpeople in the public domain sometimes are forcedtoward the courtyard due to crowding in the public domain, band come and enterthe courtyard.,§ The mishna teaches that the residents of a city bcan compeleach inhabitant of that city btocontribute to the bbuildingof a wall, double doors, and a crossbar bfor the city. The Sages taughtin a ibaraita /i: The residents of a city bcan compeleach inhabitant of that city bto build double doors and a crossbar for the city. And Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Not all cities require a wall. Rather, a city that adjoins thestate bborder requires a wall, whereasa city bthat does not adjoin thestate bborder does not require a wall.The Gemara asks: bAndwhy don’t bthe Rabbismake this distinction? The Gemara answers: Even if a city does not adjoin the border, bit sometimes happens thatinvading btroops comeinto the area. Therefore, it is always good for a city to be protected by a wall.,With regard to this issue, bRabbi Elazar asked Rabbi Yoḥa: Whenthe residents of the city bcollectmoney to build a wall, bdo they collect based onthe number of bpeopleliving in each house, bor perhaps they collect based on thenet bworthof each person? Rabbi Yoḥa bsaid to him: They collect based on thenet bworthof each person, band Elazar, my son,you shall bfix nails in this,i.e., this is an established ihalakha /i, and you must not veer from it., bThere arethose bwho saythat bRabbi Elazar asked Rabbi Yoḥa: When they collectmoney to build a wall, bdo they collect based on the proximity of the housesto the wall, so that those people who live closer to the wall pay more? bOr perhaps they collect based on thenet bworthof each person. Rabbi Yoḥa bsaid to him: They collect based on the proximity of the housesto the wall, band Elazar, my son,you shall bfix nails in this. /b,§ It is related that bRabbi Yehuda Nesiaonce bimposedpayment of the tax for bthe walleven bon the Sages. Reish Lakish said to him: The Sages do not require protection, as it is written:“How precious are your dear ones to me, O God… bIf I should count them, they are more in number than the sand”(Psalms 139:17–18). bIf I should count whom? If we saythis is referring to bthe righteous,and the verse is saying bthat they are greater in number than thegrains of bsand,this is difficult. bNowif bit is written about all of Israel: “As the sand which is upon the seashore”(Genesis 22:17), can bthe righteous themselves,who are a part of Israel, bbe greater in number than thegrains of bsand?How can they possibly outnumber the grains of sand upon the seashore?, bRather, thisis what the verse bis saying:If bI should count the deeds of the righteous, they are greater in number than thegrains of bsand. Andit follows by ban ia fortiori /iinference: bIf thegrains of bsand, which are fewerin number, bprotectthe shore from bthe sea,barring it from flowing inland (see Jeremiah 5:22), bdo not all the more so the deeds of the righteous, which are greaterin number, bprotect them?Consequently the Sages do not need additional protection., bWhenReish Lakish bcame before Rabbi Yoḥaand reported the exchange to him, Rabbi Yoḥa bsaid to him: What is the reasonthat byou did not quote thisverse bto him: “I am a wall and my breasts are like towers”(Song of Songs 8:10), which may be explained as follows: b“I am a wall”; thisis referring to bthe Torah. “And my breasts are like towers”; /b |
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19. Babylonian Talmud, Pesahim, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
| 87a. מתני׳ big strongהאשה /strong /big בזמן שהיא בבית בעלה שחט עליה בעלה ושחט עליה אביה תאכל משל בעלה הלכה רגל ראשון לעשות בבית אביה שחט עליה אביה ושחט עליה בעלה תאכל במקום שהיא רוצה,יתום ששחטו עליו אפוטרופסין יאכל במקום שהוא רוצה עבד של שני שותפין לא יאכל משל שניהן מי שחציו עבד וחציו בן חורין לא יאכל משל רבו:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big שמעת מינה יש ברירה מאי רוצה בשעת שחיטה,ורמינהו אשה רגל הראשון אוכלת משל אביה מכאן ואילך רוצה אוכלת משל אביה רוצה משל בעלה,לא קשיא כאן ברדופה לילך כאן בשאינה רדופה,דכתיב (שיר השירים ח, י) אז הייתי בעיניו כמוצאת שלום וא"ר יוחנן ככלה שנמצאת שלימה בבית חמיה ורדופה לילך להגיד שבחה בבית אביה כדכתיב (הושע ב, יח) והיה ביום ההוא נאם ה' תקראי אישי ולא תקראי לי עוד בעלי אמר רבי יוחנן ככלה בבית חמיה ולא ככלה בבית אביה,(שיר השירים ח, ח) אחות לנו קטנה ושדים אין לה א"ר יוחנן זו עילם שזכתה ללמוד ולא זכתה ללמד,(שיר השירים ח, י) אני חומה ושדי כמגדלות אמר רבי יוחנן אני חומה זו תורה ושדי כמגדלות אלו תלמידי חכמים ורבא אמר אני חומה זו כנסת ישראל ושדי כמגדלות אלו בתי כנסיות ובתי מדרשות,אמר רב זוטרא בר טוביה אמר רב מאי דכתיב (תהלים קמד, יב) אשר בנינו כנטיעים מגודלים בנעוריהם בנותינו כזויות מחוטבות תבנית היכל,אשר בנינו כנטיעים אלו בחורי ישראל שלא טעמו טעם חטא בנותינו כזויות אלו בתולות ישראל שאוגדות פתחיהן לבעליהן וכן הוא אומר (זכריה ט, טו) ומלאו כמזרק כזויות מזבח איבעית אימא מהכא (תהלים קמד, יג) מזוינו מלאים מפיקים מזן אל זן,מחוטבות תבנית היכל אלו ואלו מעלה עליהן הכתוב כאילו נבנה היכל בימיהן,(הושע א, א) דבר ה' אשר היה אל הושע וגו' בימי עוזיהו יותם אחז יחזקיה מלך יהודה בפרק אחד נתנבאו ד' נביאים וגדול שבכולן הושע שנאמר (הושע א, ב) תחלת דבר ה' בהושע וכי בהושע דבר תחלה והלא ממשה עד הושע כמה נביאים א"ר יוחנן תחלה לארבעה נביאים שנתנבאו באותו הפרק ואלו הן הושע ישעיה עמוס ומיכה,אמר לו הקדוש ברוך הוא להושע בניך חטאו והיה לו לומר בניך הם בני חנוניך הם בני אברהם יצחק ויעקב גלגל רחמיך עליהן לא דיו שלא אמר כך אלא אמר לפניו רבש"ע כל העולם שלך הוא העבירם באומה אחרת,אמר הקב"ה מה אעשה לזקן זה אומר לו לך וקח אשה זונה והוליד לך בנים זנונים ואחר כך אומר לו שלחה מעל פניך אם הוא יכול לשלוח אף אני אשלח את ישראל שנא' (הושע א, ב) ויאמר ה' אל הושע לך קח לך אשת זנונים וילדי זנונים וכתיב וילך ויקח את גומר בת דבלים גומר אמר רב שהכל גומרים בה בת | 87a. strongMISHNA: /strong bA woman, when she isliving bin her husband’s house,if bher husband slaughteredthe Paschal lamb bon her behalf and her fatheralso bslaughteredthe Paschal lamb bon her behalf, sheshould beat from her husband’slamb because it is assumed that the wife intended to be included in her husband’s group. However, if, as was often customary, bshe went on the first Festivalfollowing her marriage bto observethe Festival bin her father’s house,then, if both bher husband slaughteredthe Paschal lamb bon her behalf and her fatheralso bslaughteredthe Paschal lamb bon her behalf, shemay beat inwhichever bplace she wishes,since it is not obvious with whose group she intended to be included.,In the case of ban orphanwith multiple guardians, if each of his bguardians [ iapotropsin /i] slaughtereda Paschal lamb bon his behalf,intending that he be included in their group, he may beat inwhichever bplace he wishes. A slavejointly owned bby two partnersmay bnot eat fromthe lamb of beither of them,unless it was stipulated beforehand from whose lamb he will partake. bOne who is half slave and half free man may not eat from his master’slamb. It is assumed that the master did not intend to allow this person’s free half to partake of the lamb, and therefore the master did not slaughter the lamb with him in mind. Consequently, the half slave is not included among those registered for his master’s offering unless he was explicitly included., strongGEMARA: /strong The mishna states that in certain cases one partakes of the lamb of whichever group he desires. One’s inclusion in a group requires that he be registered with that group from the outset, before the lamb is slaughtered. The Gemara suggests: bYou learn from itthat bthere is retroactive clarification.One’s ultimate decision as to which group he wishes to be part of retroactively indicates that, from the outset, he was registered in that group. This is problematic, as no halakhic conclusion has been reached in the matter of retroactive clarification. The Gemara therefore rejects this suggestion: bWhatis the meaning of the phrase: She may eat in whichever place bshe wishes?It is referring to a case where a woman has already expressed her choice before bthe time of slaughter.Therefore, this case does not relate to the principle of retroactive clarification, and no conclusion concerning it may be drawn from it.,The Gemara braises a contradictionbetween the ruling in the mishna and a parallel ruling in a ibaraita /i. The ibaraitastates: bA woman,on bthe first Festivalfollowing her marriage, beats from her father’sPaschal lamb. bFrom here on,if bshe wishes, she eats from her father’slamb, and if bshe wishes,she eats bfrom her husband’slamb. Whereas the mishna teaches that after the first Festival, she eats exclusively with her husband, the ibaraitateaches that she may continue to choose.,This is bnot difficult. There,the ibaraitais referring btothe case of a woman who eagerly hurries as one bpursued to goto her father’s house. It is therefore reasonable that, even after the first year of her marriage, she wishes to be included in her father’s group. However, bherethe mishna is referring btothe case of a woman who bdoes noteagerly hurry as one bpursued to goto her father’s house, and it is therefore presumed she wishes to be included in her husband’s group.,There is a homiletic interpretation of verses that conveys a similar idea, bas it is written:“I am a wall, and my breasts are like towers; bthen I was in his eyes as one who finds peace”(Song of Songs 8:10). bAnd Rabbi Yoḥa said:She is blike a bride who was found perfect.She was warmly received bin her father-in-law’s house. Andshe eagerly hurries, as one bpursued, to go to tellof bher praise,i.e., her warm welcome, bin her father’s house. As it is written: “And it shall be at that day, says the Lord, that you shall call Me: My Husband, and shall call Me no more: My Master”(Hosea 2:18), of which bRabbi Yoḥa said:She shall be blike a bride in her father-in-law’s house,where she experiences a close relationship with her husband. bAndshe shall bnotbe blike a bridestill in the betrothal period and living bin her father’s house,during which time her relationship with her husband has still not developed.,Apropos the verse from Song of Songs cited previously, the Gemara homiletically interprets an adjacent verse: b“We have a little sister, and she has no breasts”(Song of Songs 8:8). bRabbi Yoḥa said: This isan allusion to the Jewish community of bEilam, which was privileged to studyTorah and become Torah scholars, but bwas not privileged to teachand influence the masses.,The Gemara interprets another verse: b“I am a wall and my breasts are like towers”(Song of Songs 8:10). bRabbi Yoḥa said: “I am a wall”; this isa reference to the bTorah. “And my breasts are like towers”; these are the Torah scholars,who, by disseminating their Torah and influencing the masses protect them like watchtowers. bAnd Rava said: “I am a wall”; this is the Congregation of Israel. “And my breasts are like towers”; these are the synagogues and study hallsin which the Congregation of Israel is nurtured by the Torah, from which it draws its spiritual strength., bRav Zutra bar Toviya saidthat bRav saida homiletic interpretation of another verse in praise of Israel: bWhat isthe meaning of bthat which is written: “We whose sons are as plants grown up in their youth; whose daughters are as corner pillars carved after the fashion of a palace”(Psalms 144:12)?,The Gemara interprets each phrase of this verse: b“We whose sons are as plants”indicates they are healthy and undamaged; bthese are the young men of Israel who have not tasted the taste of sin. “Whose daughters are as corner pillars”indicates that they are filled and sealed; bthese are the virgins of Israel, who bindand seal btheir openingsexclusively bfor their husbands. And similarly,another verse demonstrates that a corner refers to something full: bIt is stated: “And they shall be filled like the basins, like the corners of the altar”(Zechariah 9:15). bIf you wish, sayan alternative support for this idea bfrom here: “Our corners are full, affording all manner of store”(Psalms 144:13).,The Gemara returns and interprets the final phrase of the verse: b“Carved after the fashion of a palace”; the verse ascribes to both these and those,the young men and women who vigilantly preserve their modesty, bas though the Sanctuary were built in their days. /b,Apropos the verse from Hosea, the Gemara interprets additional verses there: b“The word of the Lord that came unto Hosea,the son of Beeri, bin the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judea,and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel” (Hosea 1:1). The Sages explained: bFour prophets prophesied in one era and the oldest of them was Hosea, as it is stated: “When the Lord spoke at first with Hosea”(Hosea 1:2), indicating that Hosea was the first of these prophets. If not, the question arises: bAndwas it bwith Hosea thatthe Lord bspoke firstof all the prophets? bWeren’t there several prophetswho lived and prophesied during the period bfrom Moses until Hosea?Rather, bRabbi Yoḥa said:He was bthe first of the four prophets who prophesied during that period, and these are they: Hosea, Isaiah, Amos, and Micah. /b, bThe Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Hosea: Your sons,the Jewish people, bhave sinned.Hosea bshould have saidto God in response: But bthey are Your sons; they arethe bsons of Your beloved ones,the bsons of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Extend Your mercy over them. Not only did he fail to say that, butinstead bhe said before Him: Master of the Universe, the entire world is Yours;since Israel has sinned, bexchange them for another nation. /b, bThe Holy One, Blessed be He, said: What shall I do to this Elderwho does not know how to defend Israel? bI will say to him: Go and take a prostitute and bear for yourself children of prostitution. And after that I will say to him: Send her away from before you. If he is able to sendher away, bI will also sendaway bthe Jewish people.This deliberation provides the background of the opening prophecy in Hosea, bas it is stated: “The Lord said to Hosea: Go, take for yourself a wife of prostitution and children of prostitution”(Hosea 1:2). bAndthen bit is written: “So he went and took Gomer the daughter of Diblaim”(Hosea 1:3), and the Sages interpreted her name homiletically. b“Gomer”; Rav saidshe was so called bbecause everyone would finish [ igomerim /i]having relations with her and satisfy their desires bwith her. “The daughter of /b |
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20. Anon., Midrash On Song of Songs, 2.45, 4.12
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