1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 5.12-5.14, 11.14, 16.7 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 5.12. שָׁמוֹר אֶת־יוֹם הַשַׁבָּת לְקַדְּשׁוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ 5.13. שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תַּעֲבֹד וְעָשִׂיתָ כָּל־מְלַאכְתֶּךָ׃ 5.14. וְיוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שַׁבָּת לַיהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה כָל־מְלָאכָה אַתָּה וּבִנְךָ־וּבִתֶּךָ וְעַבְדְּךָ־וַאֲמָתֶךָ וְשׁוֹרְךָ וַחֲמֹרְךָ וְכָל־בְּהֶמְתֶּךָ וְגֵרְךָ אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ לְמַעַן יָנוּחַ עַבְדְּךָ וַאֲמָתְךָ כָּמוֹךָ׃ 11.14. וְנָתַתִּי מְטַר־אַרְצְכֶם בְּעִתּוֹ יוֹרֶה וּמַלְקוֹשׁ וְאָסַפְתָּ דְגָנֶךָ וְתִירֹשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ׃ 16.7. וּבִשַּׁלְתָּ וְאָכַלְתָּ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בּוֹ וּפָנִיתָ בַבֹּקֶר וְהָלַכְתָּ לְאֹהָלֶיךָ׃ | 5.12. Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy, as the LORD thy God commanded thee." 5.13. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work;" 5.14. but the seventh day is a sabbath unto the LORD thy God, in it thou shalt not do any manner of work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; that thy man-servant and thy maid-servant may rest as well as thou." 11.14. that I will give the rain of your land in its season, the former rain and the latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil." 16.7. And thou shalt roast and eat it in the place which the LORD thy God shall choose; and thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto thy tents." |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 12.9, 22.30 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 12.9. אַל־תֹּאכְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ נָא וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל בַּמָּיִם כִּי אִם־צְלִי־אֵשׁ רֹאשׁוֹ עַל־כְּרָעָיו וְעַל־קִרְבּוֹ׃ | 12.9. Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; its head with its legs and with the inwards thereof." 22.30. And ye shall be holy men unto Me; therefore ye shall not eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs." |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 6.7 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 6.7. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶמְחֶה אֶת־הָאָדָם אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָאתִי מֵעַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה מֵאָדָם עַד־בְּהֵמָה עַד־רֶמֶשׂ וְעַד־עוֹף הַשָּׁמָיִם כִּי נִחַמְתִּי כִּי עֲשִׂיתִם׃ | 6.7. And the LORD said: ‘I will blot out man whom I have created from the face of the earth; both man, and beast, and creeping thing, and fowl of the air; for it repenteth Me that I have made them.’" |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 4.20, 4.26, 4.31, 4.35, 5.10, 5.13, 5.16, 5.18, 5.26 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 4.26. וְאֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבּוֹ יַקְטִיר הַמִּזְבֵּחָה כְּחֵלֶב זֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן מֵחַטָּאתוֹ וְנִסְלַח לוֹ׃ 4.31. וְאֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבָּהּ יָסִיר כַּאֲשֶׁר הוּסַר חֵלֶב מֵעַל זֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים וְהִקְטִיר הַכֹּהֵן הַמִּזְבֵּחָה לְרֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ לַיהוָה וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן וְנִסְלַח לוֹ׃ 4.35. וְאֶת־כָּל־חֶלְבָּה יָסִיר כַּאֲשֶׁר יוּסַר חֵלֶב־הַכֶּשֶׂב מִזֶּבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים וְהִקְטִיר הַכֹּהֵן אֹתָם הַמִּזְבֵּחָה עַל אִשֵּׁי יְהוָה וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן עַל־חַטָּאתוֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָא וְנִסְלַח לוֹ׃ 5.13. וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן עַל־חַטָּאתוֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָא מֵאַחַת מֵאֵלֶּה וְנִסְלַח לוֹ וְהָיְתָה לַכֹּהֵן כַּמִּנְחָה׃ 5.16. וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר חָטָא מִן־הַקֹּדֶשׁ יְשַׁלֵּם וְאֶת־חֲמִישִׁתוֹ יוֹסֵף עָלָיו וְנָתַן אֹתוֹ לַכֹּהֵן וְהַכֹּהֵן יְכַפֵּר עָלָיו בְּאֵיל הָאָשָׁם וְנִסְלַח לוֹ׃ 5.18. וְהֵבִיא אַיִל תָּמִים מִן־הַצֹּאן בְּעֶרְכְּךָ לְאָשָׁם אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן עַל שִׁגְגָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁגָג וְהוּא לֹא־יָדַע וְנִסְלַח לוֹ׃ 5.26. וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן לִפְנֵי יְהוָה וְנִסְלַח לוֹ עַל־אַחַת מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה לְאַשְׁמָה בָהּ׃ | 4.20. Thus shall he do with the bullock; as he did with the bullock of the sin-offering, so shall he do with this; and the priest shall make atonement for them, and they shall be forgiven." 4.26. And all the fat thereof shall he make smoke upon the altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace-offerings; and the priest shall make atonement for him as concerning his sin, and he shall be forgiven." 4.31. And all the fat thereof shall he take away, as the fat is taken away from off the sacrifice of peace-offerings; and the priest shall make it smoke upon the altar for a sweet savour unto the LORD; and the priest shall make atonement for him, and he shall be forgiven." 4.35. And all the fat thereof shall he take away, as the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of peace-offerings; and the priest shall make them smoke on the altar, upon the offerings of the LORD made by fire; and the priest shall make atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned, and he shall be forgiven." 5.10. And he shall prepare the second for a burnt-offering, according to the ordice; and the priest shall make atonement for him as concerning his sin which he hath sinned, and he shall be forgiven." 5.13. And the priest shall make atonement for him as touching his sin that he hath sinned in any of these things, and he shall be forgiven; and the remt shall be the priest’s, as the meal-offering." 5.16. And he shall make restitution for that which he hath done amiss in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt-offering, and he shall be forgiven." 5.18. And he shall bring a ram without blemish out of the flock, according to thy valuation, for a guilt-offering, unto the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him concerning the error which he committed, though he knew it not, and he shall be forgiven." 5.26. And the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD, and he shall be forgiven, concerning whatsoever he doeth so as to be guilty thereby." |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 3.4, 15.22-15.26, 15.28 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 3.4. וַיָּמָת נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא לִפְנֵי יְהוָה בְּהַקְרִבָם אֵשׁ זָרָה לִפְנֵי יְהוָה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי וּבָנִים לֹא־הָיוּ לָהֶם וַיְכַהֵן אֶלְעָזָר וְאִיתָמָר עַל־פְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן אֲבִיהֶם׃ 3.4. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה פְּקֹד כָּל־בְּכֹר זָכָר לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִבֶּן־חֹדֶשׁ וָמָעְלָה וְשָׂא אֵת מִסְפַּר שְׁמֹתָם׃ 15.22. וְכִי תִשְׁגּוּ וְלֹא תַעֲשׂוּ אֵת כָּל־הַמִּצְוֺת הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה׃ 15.23. אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֲלֵיכֶם בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁה מִן־הַיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה וָהָלְאָה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם׃ 15.24. וְהָיָה אִם מֵעֵינֵי הָעֵדָה נֶעֶשְׂתָה לִשְׁגָגָה וְעָשׂוּ כָל־הָעֵדָה פַּר בֶּן־בָּקָר אֶחָד לְעֹלָה לְרֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ לַיהוָה וּמִנְחָתוֹ וְנִסְכּוֹ כַּמִּשְׁפָּט וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּים אֶחָד לְחַטָּת׃ 15.25. וְכִפֶּר הַכֹּהֵן עַל־כָּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנִסְלַח לָהֶם כִּי־שְׁגָגָה הִוא וְהֵם הֵבִיאוּ אֶת־קָרְבָּנָם אִשֶּׁה לַיהוָה וְחַטָּאתָם לִפְנֵי יְהוָה עַל־שִׁגְגָתָם׃ 15.26. וְנִסְלַח לְכָל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלַגֵּר הַגָּר בְּתוֹכָם כִּי לְכָל־הָעָם בִּשְׁגָגָה׃ 15.28. וְכִפֶּר הַכֹּהֵן עַל־הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַשֹּׁגֶגֶת בְּחֶטְאָה בִשְׁגָגָה לִפְנֵי יְהוָה לְכַפֵּר עָלָיו וְנִסְלַח לוֹ׃ | 3.4. And Nadab and Abihu died before the LORD, when they offered strange fire before the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children; and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest’s office in the presence of Aaron their father." 15.22. And when ye shall err, and not observe all these commandments, which the LORD hath spoken unto Moses," 15.23. even all that the LORD hath commanded you by the hand of Moses, from the day that the LORD gave commandment, and onward throughout your generations;" 15.24. then it shall be, if it be done in error by the congregation, it being hid from their eyes, that all the congregation shall offer one young bullock for a burnt-offering, for a sweet savour unto the LORD—with the meal-offering thereof, and the drink-offering thereof, according to the ordice—and one he-goat for a sin-offering." 15.25. And the priest shall make atonement for all the congregation of the children of Israel, and they shall be forgiven; for it was an error, and they have brought their offering, an offering made by fire unto the LORD, and their sin-offering before the LORD, for their error." 15.26. And all the congregation of the children of Israel shall be forgiven, and the stranger that sojourneth among them; for in respect of all the people it was done in error." 15.28. And the priest shall make atonement for the soul that erreth, when he sinneth through error, before the LORD, to make atonement for him; and he shall be forgiven," |
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6. Hebrew Bible, 2 Kings, 6.16-6.17 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 6.16. וַיֹּאמֶר אַל־תִּירָא כִּי רַבִּים אֲשֶׁר אִתָּנוּ מֵאֲשֶׁר אוֹתָם׃ 6.17. וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל אֱלִישָׁע וַיֹּאמַר יְהוָה פְּקַח־נָא אֶת־עֵינָיו וְיִרְאֶה וַיִּפְקַח יְהוָה אֶת־עֵינֵי הַנַּעַר וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה הָהָר מָלֵא סוּסִים וְרֶכֶב אֵשׁ סְבִיבֹת אֱלִישָׁע׃ | 6.16. And he answered: ‘Fear not: for they that are with us are more than they that are with them.’" 6.17. And Elisha prayed, and said: ‘LORD, I pray Thee, open his eyes, that he may see.’ And the LORD opened the eyes of the young man; and he saw; and, behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire round about Elisha." |
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7. Hebrew Bible, Jeremiah, 17.21-17.22 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 17.21. כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה הִשָּׁמְרוּ בְּנַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם וְאַל־תִּשְׂאוּ מַשָּׂא בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת וַהֲבֵאתֶם בְּשַׁעֲרֵי יְרוּשָׁלִָם׃ 17.22. וְלֹא־תוֹצִיאוּ מַשָּׂא מִבָּתֵּיכֶם בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת וְכָל־מְלָאכָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ וְקִדַּשְׁתֶּם אֶת־יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִי אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם׃ | 17.21. thus saith the LORD: Take heed for the sake of your souls, and bear no burden on the sabbath day, nor bring it in by the gates of Jerusalem;" 17.22. neither carry forth a burden out of your houses on the sabbath day, neither do ye any work; but hallow ye the sabbath day, as I commanded your fathers;" |
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8. Hebrew Bible, 2 Chronicles, 35.13 (5th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 35.13. וַיְבַשְּׁלוּ הַפֶּסַח בָּאֵשׁ כַּמִּשְׁפָּט וְהַקֳּדָשִׁים בִּשְּׁלוּ בַּסִּירוֹת וּבַדְּוָדִים וּבַצֵּלָחוֹת וַיָּרִיצוּ לְכָל־בְּנֵי הָעָם׃ | 35.13. And they roasted the passover with fire according to the ordice; and the holy offerings sod they in pots, and in caldrons, and in pans, and carried them quickly to all the children of the people." |
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9. Anon., Jubilees, 6.17 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 6.17. And this testimony is written concerning you that you should observe it continually, so that you should not eat on any day any blood of beasts or birds or cattle during all the days of the earth |
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10. Dead Sea Scrolls, Damascus Covenant, 15.2, 15.9, 15.12, 16.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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11. Dead Sea Scrolls, War Scroll, 10.6 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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12. Dead Sea Scrolls, (Cairo Damascus Covenant) Cd-A, 15.2, 15.9, 15.12, 16.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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13. Dead Sea Scrolls, Hodayot, 17.12 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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14. Dead Sea Scrolls, Hodayot, 17.12 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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15. Mishnah, Sanhedrin, 2.2 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
| 2.2. The king can neither judge nor be judged, he cannot testify and others cannot testify against him. He may not perform halitzah, nor may others perform halitzah for his wife. He may not contract levirate marriage nor may his brothers contract levirate marriage with his wife. Rabbi Judah says: “If he wished to perform halitzah or to contract levirate marriage his memory is a blessing.” They said to him: “They should not listen to him.” None may marry his widow. Rabbi Judah says: “The king may marry the widow of a king, for so have we found it with David, who married the widow of Saul, as it says, “And I gave you my master’s house and my master’s wives into your embrace” (II Samuel 12:8)." |
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16. New Testament, Hebrews, 9.22 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 9.22. According to the law, nearly everything is cleansed with blood, and apart from shedding of blood there is no remission. |
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17. Anon., Sifre Deuteronomy, 41 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
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18. Anon., Sifre Numbers, 115 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
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19. Babylonian Talmud, Megillah, 31a (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
| 31a. ברכות וקללות אין מפסיקין בקללות אלא אחד קורא את כולן,בשני ובחמישי בשבת במנחה קורין כסדרן ואין עולים להם מן החשבון,שנאמר (ויקרא כג, מד) וידבר משה את מועדי ה' אל בני ישראל מצותן שיהו קורין כל אחד ואחד בזמנו:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big ת"ר בפסח קורין בפרשת מועדות ומפטירין בפסח (יהושע ה, י) גלגל והאידנא דאיכא תרי יומי יומא קמא בפסח גלגל ולמחר בפסח (מלכים ב כג, טז) יאשיהו,ושאר ימות הפסח מלקט וקורא מענינו של פסח מאי היא אמר רב פפא מאפ"ו סימן,יום טוב האחרון של פסח קורין (שמות יג, יז) ויהי בשלח ומפטירין (שמואל ב כב, א) וידבר דוד ולמחר (דברים טו, יט) כל הבכור ומפטירין (ישעיהו י, לב) עוד היום,אמר אביי והאידנא נהוג עלמא למיקרי משך תורא קדש בכספא פסל במדברא שלח בוכרא,בעצרת (דברים טז, ט) שבעה שבועות ומפטירין (חבקוק ג, א) בחבקוק אחרים אומרים (שמות יט, א) בחדש השלישי ומפטירין (יחזקאל א, א) במרכבה והאידנא דאיכא תרי יומי עבדינן כתרוייהו ואיפכא,בראש השנה (במדבר כט, א) בחדש השביעי ומפטירין (ירמיהו לא, כ) הבן יקיר לי אפרים ויש אומרים (בראשית כא, א) וה' פקד את שרה ומפטירין (שמואל א ב, א) בחנה,והאידנא דאיכא תרי יומי יומא קמא כיש אומרים למחר (בראשית כב, א) והאלהים נסה את אברהם ומפטירין הבן יקיר,ביוה"כ קורין (ויקרא טז, א) אחרי מות ומפטירין (ישעיהו נז, טו) כי כה אמר רם ונשא ובמנחה קורין בעריות ומפטירין ביונה,אמר ר' יוחנן כל מקום שאתה מוצא גבורתו של הקב"ה אתה מוצא ענוותנותו דבר זה כתוב בתורה ושנוי בנביאים ומשולש בכתובים,כתוב בתורה (דברים י, יז) כי ה' אלהיכם הוא אלהי האלהים ואדוני האדונים וכתיב בתריה עושה משפט יתום ואלמנה שנוי בנביאים (ישעיהו נז, טו) כה אמר רם ונשא שוכן עד וקדוש וגו' וכתיב בתריה ואת דכא ושפל רוח משולש בכתובים דכתיב (תהלים סח, ה) סולו לרוכב בערבות ביה שמו וכתיב בתריה אבי יתומים ודיין אלמנות,יו"ט הראשון של חג קורין בפרשת מועדות שבתורת כהנים ומפטירין (זכריה יד, א) הנה יום בא לה' והאידנא דאיכא תרי יומי למחר מיקרא ה"נ קרינן אפטורי מאי מפטירין (מלכים א ח, ב) ויקהלו אל המלך שלמה,ושאר כל ימות החג קורין בקרבנות החג יו"ט האחרון קורין כל הבכור מצות וחוקים ובכור ומפטירין (מלכים א ט, א) ויהי ככלות שלמה למחר קורין וזאת הברכה ומפטירין (מלכים א ח, כב) ויעמד שלמה,אמר רב הונא אמר רב שבת שחל להיות בחולו של מועד בין בפסח בין בסוכות מקרא קרינן (שמות לג, יב) ראה אתה אפטורי בפסח (יחזקאל לז, ד) העצמות היבשות ובסוכות (יחזקאל לח, יח) ביום בא גוג,בחנוכה בנשיאים ומפטירין (זכריה ב, יד) בנרות דזכריה ואי מיקלעי שתי שבתות קמייתא בנרות דזכריה בתרייתא (מלכים א ז, מ) בנרות שלמה,בפורים (שמות יז, ח) ויבא עמלק בראשי חדשים (במדבר כח, יא) ובראשי חדשיכם ראש חדש שחל להיות בשבת מפטירין (ישעיהו סו) והיה מדי חדש בחדשו חל להיות באחד בשבת מאתמול מפטירין (שמואל א כ) ויאמר לו יהונתן מחר חדש,אמר רב הונא | 31a. they read the portion of bblessings and curses(Leviticus, chapter 26). bOne should not interruptthe reading of the bcursesby having two different people read them. bRather, one person reads all of them. /b, bOn Mondays, and on Thursdays,and bon Shabbat during the afternoonservice, bthey read in accordancewith the regular weekly border,i.e., they proceed to read the first section of the Torah portion that follows the portion that was read on the previous Shabbat morning. bHowever,these readings bare not countedas a progression bin the reckoningof reading the Torah portions, i.e., they do not proceed on Monday to read the section that immediately follows the section read on Shabbat during the afternoon, and then the following section on Thursday. Rather, until the reading on the following Shabbat morning, they return to and read the same first section of the Torah portion that follows the portion that was read on the previous Shabbat morning.,On Festivals and holidays, they read a portion relating to the character of the day, basit bis stated: “And Moses declared to the children of Israel the appointed seasons of the Lord”(Leviticus 23:44), which indicates that part of bthe mitzvaof the Festivals is bthatthe people bshould readthe portion relating to them, beach one in itsappointed btime. /b, strongGEMARA: /strong bThe Sages taughtin a ibaraita /i: bOnthe first day of bPassover,the congregation breads from the portion of the Festivals(Leviticus 22:26–23:44), band they read as the ihaftara /ithe account of the bPassovercelebrated at bGilgal(Joshua 5:2–14). The Gemara comments: bAnd nowadays,in the Diaspora, bwhen there are twoFestival bdays of Passover, on the first daythey read as the ihaftarathe account of the bPassovercelebrated bat Gilgal, and on the next daythey read bfromthe account of the bPassoverobserved bby Josiah(II Kings 23).,The ibaraitacontinues: bAnd onthe bother days of Passover, one collects and readsfrom various Torah portions of bmattersrelating bto Passover.The Gemara asks: bWhat are theseportions? bRav Pappa said: A mnemonicfor them is imem /i, ialef /i, ipeh vav /i.Each letter stands for a different reading: iMemfor the portion of: “Draw out [ imishkhu /i] and take your lambs” (Exodus 12:21–51); ialeffor the portion of “If b[iim /i] you lend money to any of My people” (Exodus 22:24–23:19 i) /i; ipehfor the portion of “Hew [ ipesol /i] for yourself” (Exodus 34:1–26); and ivavfor the portion “And the Lord spoke [ ivaydabber /i]” (Numbers 9:1–14).,The ibaraitacontinues: bOn the last Festival day of Passover, they readthe portion of b“And it came to pass, whenPharaoh bletthe people bgo”(Exodus 13:17–15:26), because it includes the account of the splitting of the Red Sea, band they read as the ihaftara /ithe portion b“And David spoke”(II Samuel 22), which is the song of David. bAndin the Diaspora, bon the next day,the eighth day of Passover, they read the portion b“All the firstborns”(Deuteronomy 15:19–16:17), band they read as the ihaftara /ithe portion of b“This very day”(Isaiah 10:32–12:6), because it discusses the downfall of Sennacherib, which occurred on the night of Passover., bAbaye said: And nowadays,on the eight days of Passover in the Diaspora, beveryone is accustomed to readportions that are indicated by the mnemonic phrase: bDraw the bull, sanctify with money, hew in the wilderness, send the firstborn.This alludes to the following portions: “Draw out and take your lambs” (Exodus 12:21–51) and “A bull or a sheep” (Leviticus 22:26–23:44); “Sanctify to Me all the firstborn” (Exodus 13:1–16) and “If you lend money to any of My people” (Exodus 22:24–23:19); “Hew for yourself” (Exodus 34:1–26) and “And the Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai” (Numbers 9:1–14); “And it came to pass, when Pharaoh let the people go” (Exodus 13:17–15:26) and “All the firstborns” (Deuteronomy 15:19–16:17).,The ibaraitacontinues: bOn iShavuot /ithey read the portion of b“Seven weeks,” and they read as the ihaftarafrom Habakkuk,chapter 2, since it mentions the giving of the Torah at Sinai. bOthers say:They read the portion of b“In the third month”(Exodus 19:1–20:23), which describes the giving of the Torah, band they read as the ihaftarafromthe account of btheDivine bChariot(Ezekiel 1). The Gemara comments: bAnd nowadays,in the Diaspora, bwhen there are two daysof iShavuot /i, bwe act in accordance with bothopinions, bbut in the reverse order.On the first day they read the portion of “In the third month,” and on the second day they read the portion of “Seven weeks.”,The ibaraitacontinues: bOn Rosh HaShanathey read the portion of b“On the seventh monthon the first of the month” (Numbers 29:1–6) band they read as the ihaftara“Is Ephraim My dear son?”(Jeremiah 31:1–20), as it contains the verse: “I earnestly remember him still,” which recalls God’s love for His people. bAnd some saythat they read b“And the Lord visited Sarah”(Genesis 21), which describes how God blessed her that she should have a child, and, according to tradition, God blessed her on Rosh HaShana. bAnd they read as the ihaftarafromthe account of bHannah(I Samuel 1:1–2:10), who, according to tradition, was also blessed on Rosh HaShana that she should have a child.,The Gemara comments: bAnd nowadays, when there are two daysof Rosh HaShana, on bthe first daythey read Genesis 21 bin accordancewith the opinion cited as: bSome say. And on the next daythey read b“And God tested Abraham”(Genesis 22), in order to mention the merit of the binding of Isaac on the day of God’s judgment, band they read as the ihaftara“Is Ephraim My dear son?” /b,The ibaraitacontinues: bOn Yom Kippur they readthe portion of b“After the death”(Leviticus 16) b, and they read as the ihaftara /ithe portion of b“For thus says the High and Lofty One”(Isaiah 57:14–58:14), which deals with fasting and repentance. bAnd during the afternoonservice they bread fromthe portion detailing bforbidden sexual relations(Leviticus 18) to convey the severity of these transgressions, so that if anyone transgressed any of these prohibitions he will repent on Yom Kippur. bAnd they read as the ihaftara /ithe book of bJonah,which mentions the repentance of the people of Nineveh.,Having mentioned the ihaftararead on Yom Kippur, the Gemara cites that which bRabbi Yoḥa said: Wherever you finda reference in the Bible to bthe might of the Holy One, Blessed be He, youalso bfinda reference to bHis humilityadjacent to it. Evidence of bthis fact is written in the Torah, repeated in the Prophets, and stated a third time in the Writings. /b, bIt is written in the Torah: “For the Lord your God is the God of gods and the Lord of lords”(Deuteronomy 10:17), band it is writtenimmediately bafterward: “He executes the judgment of the fatherless and widow”(Deuteronomy 10:18), displaying his humility in caring for even the weakest parts of society. bIt is repeated in the Prophets:“For bthus says the High and Lofty One that inhabits eternity, Whose name is sacred”(Isaiah 57:15), band it is writtenimmediately bafterward:“In the high and holy place I dwell bwith him that is of a contrite and humble spirit,to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones” (Isaiah 57:15). bIt is stated a third time in the Writings, as it is written: “Extol Him Who rides upon the clouds, Whose name is the Lord”(Psalms 68:5), band it is writtenimmediately bafterward: “A father of the fatherless, and a judge of widows”(Psalms 68:6).,The ibaraitacontinues: On bthe first Festival day of iSukkot /i, they read from the portion of the Festivalsfound bin Leviticus(Leviticus 22:26–23:44), band they read as the ihaftara /ithe portion of b“Behold the day of the Lord comes”(Zechariah 14), which mentions the festival of iSukkot /i. The Gemara comments: bAnd nowadays,in the Diaspora, bwhen there are twoFestival bdaysof iSukkot /i, bon the next day, they read the sameTorah portion. But bwhat do they read as the ihaftara /i?They read the portion of b“Andall the men of Israel bassembled themselves to King Solomon”(I Kings 8:2–21), which describes events that took place on the festival of iSukkot /i.,The ibaraitacontinues: bAnd on all the other days of iSukkot /i, they readselections bfromthe portion of bthe offerings of iSukkot /ifound in the book of Numbers, chapter 29. bOn the last Festival dayof iSukkot /i, i.e., the Eighth Day of Assembly, bthey readthe portion of b“All the firstborns,”starting with the portion of “You shall tithe,” since it includes many bmitzvot and statutesrelating to gifts for the poor, who should be helped during this period of rejoicing, and it concludes with the ihalakhotgoverning bfirstborns(Deuteronomy 14:22–16:17). bAnd they read as the ihaftara /ithe portion of b“And it was so, that when Solomon had made an endof praying” (I Kings 8:54–9:1), which occurred on that day. bOn the next day,the second day of the Eighth Day of Assembly in the Diaspora, bthey readthe portion of b“And this is the blessing”(Deuteronomy, chapters 33–34) until the end of the Torah, band they read as the ihaftara“And Solomon stood”(I Kings 8:22–53)., bRav Huna saidthat bRav said:When bShabbat occurs onone of bthe intermediate daysof a Festival, bwhether on Passover or on iSukkot /i, they read the Torahportion of b“See, Yousay to me” (Exodus 33:12–34:26), as it includes the ihalakhotof the Festivals and the intermediate days. bThey read as the ihaftara /i, on Passover,from the portion of bthe dry bones(Ezekiel 37:1–14), which portrays redemption from servitude, band on iSukkot /ithey read “And it shall come to pass bon that day when Gog shall come”(Ezekiel 38:18–39:16), which speaks of the future redemption.,The ibaraitacontinues: bOneach day of bHanukkahthey read a selection bfromthe portion of the dedication of the altar by bthetribal bprinces(Numbers 7), band they read as the ihaftarafromthe portion of bthe lamps of Zechariah(Zechariah 2:14–4:7). The Gemara comments: bAnd if it occurs that there are two iShabbatot /iduring Hanukkah, bon the firstShabbat they read bfromthe portion of bthe lamps of Zechariah, and on the latter onethey read bfromthe portion of bthe lamps of Solomon(I Kings 7:40–50), which discusses the lamps in the Temple.,The ibaraitacontinues: bOn Purimthey read the portion of b“And Amalek came”(Exodus 17:8–16). bOn the New Moonthey read the portion of b“And in the beginnings of your month”(Numbers 28:11–15). When bthe New Moon occurs on Shabbat, they read as the ihaftara /ithe portion that concludes with b“And it shall come to pass that every New Moon,and every Shabbat, shall all flesh come to bow down on the ground before Me” (Isaiah 66), as it mentions both Shabbat and the New Moon. When the New Moon boccurs on Sunday, on the previous day,i.e., Shabbat, bthey read as the ihaftara /ithe portion of b“And Jonathan said to him: Tomorrow is the New Moon”(I Samuel 20:18–42), which describes events that took place on the eve of the New Moon., bRav Huna said: /b |
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20. Anon., Seder Olam, 5
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