1. Hebrew Bible, Song of Songs, 4.6, 5.11, 5.13 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 4.6. עַד שֶׁיָּפוּחַ הַיּוֹם וְנָסוּ הַצְּלָלִים אֵלֶךְ לִי אֶל־הַר הַמּוֹר וְאֶל־גִּבְעַת הַלְּבוֹנָה׃ 5.11. רֹאשׁוֹ כֶּתֶם פָּז קְוּצּוֹתָיו תַּלְתַּלִּים שְׁחֹרוֹת כָּעוֹרֵב׃ 5.13. לְחָיָו כַּעֲרוּגַת הַבֹּשֶׂם מִגְדְּלוֹת מֶרְקָחִים שִׂפְתוֹתָיו שׁוֹשַׁנִּים נֹטְפוֹת מוֹר עֹבֵר׃ | 4.6. Until the day breathe, And the shadows flee away, I will get me to the mountain of myrrh, And to the hill of frankincense. 5.11. His head is as the most fine gold, His locks are curled, And black as a raven. 5.13. His cheeks are as a bed of spices, As banks of sweet herbs; His lips are as lilies, Dropping with flowing myrrh. |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 5.28-5.29, 7.6, 18.9-18.22, 28.30, 28.39, 33.8-33.11, 34.10 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 5.28. וְאַתָּה פֹּה עֲמֹד עִמָּדִי וַאֲדַבְּרָה אֵלֶיךָ אֵת כָּל־הַמִּצְוָה וְהַחֻקִּים וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים אֲשֶׁר תְּלַמְּדֵם וְעָשׂוּ בָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי נֹתֵן לָהֶם לְרִשְׁתָּהּ׃ 5.29. וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם לַעֲשׂוֹת כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם אֶתְכֶם לֹא תָסֻרוּ יָמִין וּשְׂמֹאל׃ 7.6. כִּי עַם קָדוֹשׁ אַתָּה לַיהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּךָ בָּחַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לְעַם סְגֻלָּה מִכֹּל הָעַמִּים אֲשֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה׃ 18.9. כִּי אַתָּה בָּא אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לָךְ לֹא־תִלְמַד לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּתוֹעֲבֹת הַגּוֹיִם הָהֵם׃ 18.11. וְחֹבֵר חָבֶר וְשֹׁאֵל אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִי וְדֹרֵשׁ אֶל־הַמֵּתִים׃ 18.12. כִּי־תוֹעֲבַת יְהוָה כָּל־עֹשֵׂה אֵלֶּה וּבִגְלַל הַתּוֹעֵבֹת הָאֵלֶּה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ מוֹרִישׁ אוֹתָם מִפָּנֶיךָ׃ 18.13. תָּמִים תִּהְיֶה עִם יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ׃ 18.14. כִּי הַגּוֹיִם הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה יוֹרֵשׁ אוֹתָם אֶל־מְעֹנְנִים וְאֶל־קֹסְמִים יִשְׁמָעוּ וְאַתָּה לֹא כֵן נָתַן לְךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ׃ 18.15. נָבִיא מִקִּרְבְּךָ מֵאַחֶיךָ כָּמֹנִי יָקִים לְךָ יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֵלָיו תִּשְׁמָעוּן׃ 18.16. כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁאַלְתָּ מֵעִם יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּחֹרֵב בְּיוֹם הַקָּהָל לֵאמֹר לֹא אֹסֵף לִשְׁמֹעַ אֶת־קוֹל יְהוָה אֱלֹהָי וְאֶת־הָאֵשׁ הַגְּדֹלָה הַזֹּאת לֹא־אֶרְאֶה עוֹד וְלֹא אָמוּת׃ 18.17. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֵלָי הֵיטִיבוּ אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּרוּ׃ 18.18. נָבִיא אָקִים לָהֶם מִקֶּרֶב אֲחֵיהֶם כָּמוֹךָ וְנָתַתִּי דְבָרַי בְּפִיו וְדִבֶּר אֲלֵיהֶם אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר אֲצַוֶּנּוּ׃ 18.19. וְהָיָה הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִשְׁמַע אֶל־דְּבָרַי אֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר בִּשְׁמִי אָנֹכִי אֶדְרֹשׁ מֵעִמּוֹ׃ 18.21. וְכִי תֹאמַר בִּלְבָבֶךָ אֵיכָה נֵדַע אֶת־הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר לֹא־דִבְּרוֹ יְהוָה׃ 18.22. אֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר הַנָּבִיא בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה וְלֹא־יִהְיֶה הַדָּבָר וְלֹא יָבוֹא הוּא הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר לֹא־דִבְּרוֹ יְהוָה בְּזָדוֹן דִּבְּרוֹ הַנָּבִיא לֹא תָגוּר מִמֶּנּוּ׃ 28.39. כְּרָמִים תִּטַּע וְעָבָדְתָּ וְיַיִן לֹא־תִשְׁתֶּה וְלֹא תֶאֱגֹר כִּי תֹאכְלֶנּוּ הַתֹּלָעַת׃ 33.8. וּלְלֵוִי אָמַר תֻּמֶּיךָ וְאוּרֶיךָ לְאִישׁ חֲסִידֶךָ אֲשֶׁר נִסִּיתוֹ בְּמַסָּה תְּרִיבֵהוּ עַל־מֵי מְרִיבָה׃ 33.9. הָאֹמֵר לְאָבִיו וּלְאִמּוֹ לֹא רְאִיתִיו וְאֶת־אֶחָיו לֹא הִכִּיר וְאֶת־בנו [בָּנָיו] לֹא יָדָע כִּי שָׁמְרוּ אִמְרָתֶךָ וּבְרִיתְךָ יִנְצֹרוּ׃ 33.11. בָּרֵךְ יְהוָה חֵילוֹ וּפֹעַל יָדָיו תִּרְצֶה מְחַץ מָתְנַיִם קָמָיו וּמְשַׂנְאָיו מִן־יְקוּמוּן׃ | 5.28. But as for thee, stand thou here by Me, and I will speak unto thee all the commandment, and the statutes, and the ordices, which thou shalt teach them, that they may do them in the land which I give them to possess it.’" 5.29. Ye shall observe to do therefore as the LORD your God hath commanded you; ye shall not turn aside to the right hand or to the left." 7.6. For thou art a holy people unto the LORD thy God: the LORD thy God hath chosen thee to be His own treasure, out of all peoples that are upon the face of the earth." 18.9. When thou art come into the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, thou shalt not learn to do after the abominations of those nations." 18.10. There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, one that useth divination, a soothsayer, or an enchanter, or a sorcerer," 18.11. or a charmer, or one that consulteth a ghost or a familiar spirit, or a necromancer." 18.12. For whosoever doeth these things is an abomination unto the LORD; and because of these abominations the LORD thy God is driving them out from before thee." 18.13. Thou shalt be whole-hearted with the LORD thy God." 18.14. For these nations, that thou art to dispossess, hearken unto soothsayers, and unto diviners; but as for thee, the LORD thy God hath not suffered thee so to do." 18.15. A prophet will the LORD thy God raise up unto thee, from the midst of thee, of thy brethren, like unto me; unto him ye shall hearken;" 18.16. according to all that thou didst desire of the LORD thy God in Horeb in the day of the assembly, saying: ‘Let me not hear again the voice of the LORD my God, neither let me see this great fire any more, that I die not.’" 18.17. And the LORD said unto me: ‘They have well said that which they have spoken." 18.18. I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto thee; and I will put My words in his mouth, and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him." 18.19. And it shall come to pass, that whosoever will not hearken unto My words which he shall speak in My name, I will require it of him." 18.20. But the prophet, that shall speak a word presumptuously in My name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or that shall speak in the name of other gods, that same prophet shall die.’" 18.21. And if thou say in thy heart: ‘How shall we know the word which the LORD hath not spoken?’" 18.22. When a prophet speaketh in the name of the LORD, if the thing follow not, nor come to pass, that is the thing which the LORD hath not spoken; the prophet hath spoken it presumptuously, thou shalt not be afraid of him." 28.30. Thou shalt betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her; thou shalt build a house, and thou shalt not dwell therein; thou shalt plant a vineyard, and shalt not use the fruit thereof." 28.39. Thou shalt plant vineyards and dress them, but thou shalt neither drink of the wine, nor gather the grapes; for the worm shall eat them." 33.8. And of Levi he said: Thy Thummim and Thy Urim be with Thy holy one, Whom Thou didst prove at Massah, With whom Thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;" 33.9. Who said of his father, and of his mother: ‘I have not seen him’; Neither did he acknowledge his brethren, Nor knew he his own children; For they have observed Thy word, And keep Thy covet." 33.10. They shall teach Jacob Thine ordices, And Israel Thy law; They shall put incense before Thee, And whole burnt-offering upon Thine altar. ." 33.11. Bless, LORD, his substance, And accept the work of his hands; Smite through the loins of them that rise up against him, And of them that hate him, that they rise not again." 34.10. And there hath not arisen a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face;" |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 6.8, 14.13, 19.5, 19.16, 19.19, 20.21, 23.20, 32.14, 32.34 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 6.8. וְהֵבֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָשָׂאתִי אֶת־יָדִי לָתֵת אֹתָהּ לְאַבְרָהָם לְיִצְחָק וּלְיַעֲקֹב וְנָתַתִּי אֹתָהּ לָכֶם מוֹרָשָׁה אֲנִי יְהוָה׃ 14.13. וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הָעָם אַל־תִּירָאוּ הִתְיַצְבוּ וּרְאוּ אֶת־יְשׁוּעַת יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה לָכֶם הַיּוֹם כִּי אֲשֶׁר רְאִיתֶם אֶת־מִצְרַיִם הַיּוֹם לֹא תֹסִיפוּ לִרְאֹתָם עוֹד עַד־עוֹלָם׃ 19.5. וְעַתָּה אִם־שָׁמוֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ בְּקֹלִי וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת־בְּרִיתִי וִהְיִיתֶם לִי סְגֻלָּה מִכָּל־הָעַמִּים כִּי־לִי כָּל־הָאָרֶץ׃ 19.16. וַיְהִי בַיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי בִּהְיֹת הַבֹּקֶר וַיְהִי קֹלֹת וּבְרָקִים וְעָנָן כָּבֵד עַל־הָהָר וְקֹל שֹׁפָר חָזָק מְאֹד וַיֶּחֱרַד כָּל־הָעָם אֲשֶׁר בַּמַּחֲנֶה׃ 19.19. וַיְהִי קוֹל הַשּׁוֹפָר הוֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק מְאֹד מֹשֶׁה יְדַבֵּר וְהָאֱלֹהִים יַעֲנֶנּוּ בְקוֹל׃ 20.21. מִזְבַּח אֲדָמָה תַּעֲשֶׂה־לִּי וְזָבַחְתָּ עָלָיו אֶת־עֹלֹתֶיךָ וְאֶת־שְׁלָמֶיךָ אֶת־צֹאנְךָ וְאֶת־בְּקָרֶךָ בְּכָל־הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אַזְכִּיר אֶת־שְׁמִי אָבוֹא אֵלֶיךָ וּבֵרַכְתִּיךָ׃ 32.14. וַיִּנָּחֶם יְהוָה עַל־הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר לַעֲשׂוֹת לְעַמּוֹ׃ 32.34. וְעַתָּה לֵךְ נְחֵה אֶת־הָעָם אֶל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּרְתִּי לָךְ הִנֵּה מַלְאָכִי יֵלֵךְ לְפָנֶיךָ וּבְיוֹם פָּקְדִי וּפָקַדְתִּי עֲלֵיהֶם חַטָּאתָם׃ | 6.8. And I will bring you in unto the land, concerning which I lifted up My hand to give it to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; and I will give it you for a heritage: I am the LORD.’" 14.13. And Moses said unto the people: ‘Fear ye not, stand still, and see the salvation of the LORD, which He will work for you to-day; for whereas ye have seen the Egyptians to-day, ye shall see them again no more for ever." 19.5. Now therefore, if ye will hearken unto My voice indeed, and keep My covet, then ye shall be Mine own treasure from among all peoples; for all the earth is Mine;" 19.16. And it came to pass on the third day, when it was morning, that there were thunders and lightnings and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of a horn exceeding loud; and all the people that were in the camp trembled." 19.19. And when the voice of the horn waxed louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him by a voice." 20.21. An altar of earth thou shalt make unto Me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt-offerings, and thy peace-offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen; in every place where I cause My name to be mentioned I will come unto thee and bless thee." 23.20. Behold, I send an angel before thee, to keep thee by the way, and to bring thee into the place which I have prepared." 32.14. And the LORD repented of the evil which He said He would do unto His people." 32.34. And now go, lead the people unto the place of which I have spoken unto thee; behold, Mine angel shall go before thee; nevertheless in the day when I visit, I will visit their sin upon them.’" |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 49.10 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 49.10. The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, Nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, As long as men come to Shiloh; And unto him shall the obedience of the peoples be." |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Joel, 2.25 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 2.25. וְשִׁלַּמְתִּי לָכֶם אֶת־הַשָּׁנִים אֲשֶׁר אָכַל הָאַרְבֶּה הַיֶּלֶק וְהֶחָסִיל וְהַגָּזָם חֵילִי הַגָּדוֹל אֲשֶׁר שִׁלַּחְתִּי בָּכֶם׃ | 2.25. And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten, the canker-worm, and the caterpiller, and the palmer-worm, My great army which I sent among you. ." |
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6. Hebrew Bible, Malachi, 1.1, 1.6, 2.6-2.7, 2.10-2.16, 3.1-3.5, 3.7, 3.10, 3.12, 3.22, 3.24 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 1.1. מִי גַם־בָּכֶם וְיִסְגֹּר דְּלָתַיִם וְלֹא־תָאִירוּ מִזְבְּחִי חִנָּם אֵין־לִי חֵפֶץ בָּכֶם אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת וּמִנְחָה לֹא־אֶרְצֶה מִיֶּדְכֶם׃ 1.1. מַשָּׂא דְבַר־יְהוָה אֶל־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּיַד מַלְאָכִי׃ 1.6. בֵּן יְכַבֵּד אָב וְעֶבֶד אֲדֹנָיו וְאִם־אָב אָנִי אַיֵּה כְבוֹדִי וְאִם־אֲדוֹנִים אָנִי אַיֵּה מוֹרָאִי אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת לָכֶם הַכֹּהֲנִים בּוֹזֵי שְׁמִי וַאֲמַרְתֶּם בַּמֶּה בָזִינוּ אֶת־שְׁמֶךָ׃ 2.6. תּוֹרַת אֱמֶת הָיְתָה בְּפִיהוּ וְעַוְלָה לֹא־נִמְצָא בִשְׂפָתָיו בְּשָׁלוֹם וּבְמִישׁוֹר הָלַךְ אִתִּי וְרַבִּים הֵשִׁיב מֵעָוֺן׃ 2.7. כִּי־שִׂפְתֵי כֹהֵן יִשְׁמְרוּ־דַעַת וְתוֹרָה יְבַקְשׁוּ מִפִּיהוּ כִּי מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה־צְבָאוֹת הוּא׃ 2.11. בָּגְדָה יְהוּדָה וְתוֹעֵבָה נֶעֶשְׂתָה בְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּבִירוּשָׁלִָם כִּי חִלֵּל יְהוּדָה קֹדֶשׁ יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר אָהֵב וּבָעַל בַּת־אֵל נֵכָר׃ 2.12. יַכְרֵת יְהוָה לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂנָּה עֵר וְעֹנֶה מֵאָהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב וּמַגִּישׁ מִנְחָה לַיהוָה צְבָאוֹת׃ 2.13. וְזֹאת שֵׁנִית תַּעֲשׂוּ כַּסּוֹת דִּמְעָה אֶת־מִזְבַּח יְהוָה בְּכִי וַאֲנָקָה מֵאֵין עוֹד פְּנוֹת אֶל־הַמִּנְחָה וְלָקַחַת רָצוֹן מִיֶּדְכֶם׃ 2.14. וַאֲמַרְתֶּם עַל־מָה עַל כִּי־יְהוָה הֵעִיד בֵּינְךָ וּבֵין אֵשֶׁת נְעוּרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה בָּגַדְתָּה בָּהּ וְהִיא חֲבֶרְתְּךָ וְאֵשֶׁת בְּרִיתֶךָ׃ 2.15. וְלֹא־אֶחָד עָשָׂה וּשְׁאָר רוּחַ לוֹ וּמָה הָאֶחָד מְבַקֵּשׁ זֶרַע אֱלֹהִים וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּם בְּרוּחֲכֶם וּבְאֵשֶׁת נְעוּרֶיךָ אַל־יִבְגֹּד׃ 2.16. כִּי־שָׂנֵא שַׁלַּח אָמַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְכִסָּה חָמָס עַל־לְבוּשׁוֹ אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּם בְּרוּחֲכֶם וְלֹא תִבְגֹּדוּ׃ 3.1. הָבִיאוּ אֶת־כָּל־הַמַּעֲשֵׂר אֶל־בֵּית הָאוֹצָר וִיהִי טֶרֶף בְּבֵיתִי וּבְחָנוּנִי נָא בָּזֹאת אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת אִם־לֹא אֶפְתַּח לָכֶם אֵת אֲרֻבּוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם וַהֲרִיקֹתִי לָכֶם בְּרָכָה עַד־בְּלִי־דָי׃ 3.1. הִנְנִי שֹׁלֵחַ מַלְאָכִי וּפִנָּה־דֶרֶךְ לְפָנָי וּפִתְאֹם יָבוֹא אֶל־הֵיכָלוֹ הָאָדוֹן אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּם מְבַקְשִׁים וּמַלְאַךְ הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּם חֲפֵצִים הִנֵּה־בָא אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת׃ 3.2. וּמִי מְכַלְכֵּל אֶת־יוֹם בּוֹאוֹ וּמִי הָעֹמֵד בְּהֵרָאוֹתוֹ כִּי־הוּא כְּאֵשׁ מְצָרֵף וּכְבֹרִית מְכַבְּסִים׃ 3.2. וְזָרְחָה לָכֶם יִרְאֵי שְׁמִי שֶׁמֶשׁ צְדָקָה וּמַרְפֵּא בִּכְנָפֶיהָ וִיצָאתֶם וּפִשְׁתֶּם כְּעֶגְלֵי מַרְבֵּק׃ 3.3. וְיָשַׁב מְצָרֵף וּמְטַהֵר כֶּסֶף וְטִהַר אֶת־בְּנֵי־לֵוִי וְזִקַּק אֹתָם כַּזָּהָב וְכַכָּסֶף וְהָיוּ לַיהוָה מַגִּישֵׁי מִנְחָה בִּצְדָקָה׃ 3.4. וְעָרְבָה לַיהוָה מִנְחַת יְהוּדָה וִירוּשָׁלִָם כִּימֵי עוֹלָם וּכְשָׁנִים קַדְמֹנִיּוֹת׃ 3.5. וְקָרַבְתִּי אֲלֵיכֶם לַמִּשְׁפָּט וְהָיִיתִי עֵד מְמַהֵר בַּמְכַשְּׁפִים וּבַמְנָאֲפִים וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִים לַשָּׁקֶר וּבְעֹשְׁקֵי שְׂכַר־שָׂכִיר אַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם וּמַטֵּי־גֵר וְלֹא יְרֵאוּנִי אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת׃ 3.7. לְמִימֵי אֲבֹתֵיכֶם סַרְתֶּם מֵחֻקַּי וְלֹא שְׁמַרְתֶּם שׁוּבוּ אֵלַי וְאָשׁוּבָה אֲלֵיכֶם אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת וַאֲמַרְתֶּם בַּמֶּה נָשׁוּב׃ 3.12. וְאִשְּׁרוּ אֶתְכֶם כָּל־הַגּוֹיִם כִּי־תִהְיוּ אַתֶּם אֶרֶץ חֵפֶץ אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת׃ 3.22. זִכְרוּ תּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה עַבְדִּי אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִי אוֹתוֹ בְחֹרֵב עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים׃ 3.24. וְהֵשִׁיב לֵב־אָבוֹת עַל־בָּנִים וְלֵב בָּנִים עַל־אֲבוֹתָם פֶּן־אָבוֹא וְהִכֵּיתִי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ חֵרֶם׃ br small[הנה אנכי שלח לכם את אליה הנביא לפני בוא יום יהוה הגדול והנורא] /small | 1.1. The burden of the word of the LORD to Israel by Malachi." 1.6. A son honoureth his father, And a servant his master; If then I be a father, Where is My honour? And if I be a master, Where is My fear? Saith the LORD of hosts Unto you, O priests, that despise My name. And ye say: ‘Wherein have we despised Thy name?’" 2.6. The law of truth was in his mouth, And unrighteousness was not found in his lips; He walked with Me in peace and uprightness, And did turn many away from iniquity." 2.7. For the priest’s lips should keep knowledge, And they should seek the law at his mouth; For he is the messenger of the LORD of hosts." 2.10. Have we not all one father? Hath not one God created us? Why do we deal treacherously every man against his brother, Profaning the covet of our fathers?" 2.11. Judah hath dealt treacherously, And an abomination is committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; For Judah hath profaned the holiness of the LORD which He loveth, And hath married the daughter of a strange god." 2.12. May the LORD cut off to the man that doeth this, Him that calleth and him that answereth out of the tents of Jacob, And him that offereth an offering unto the LORD of hosts." 2.13. And this further ye do: Ye cover the altar of the LORD with tears, With weeping, and with sighing, Insomuch that He regardeth not the offering any more, Neither receiveth it with good will at your hand." 2.14. Yet ye say: ‘Wherefore?’ Because the LORD hath been witness Between thee and the wife of thy youth, Against whom thou hast dealt treacherously, Though she is thy companion, And the wife of thy covet." 2.15. And not one hath done so Who had exuberance of spirit! For what seeketh the one? A seed given of God. Therefore take heed to your spirit, And let none deal treacherously against the wife of his youth." 2.16. For I hate putting away, Saith the LORD, the God of Israel, And him that covereth his garment with violence, Saith the LORD of hosts; Therefore take heed to your spirit, That ye deal not treacherously." 3.1. Behold, I send My messenger, and he shall clear the way before Me; and the Lord, whom ye seek, will suddenly come to His temple, and the messenger of the covet, Whom ye delight in, Behold, he cometh, Saith the LORD of hosts." 3.2. But who may abide the day of his coming? And who shall stand when he appeareth? For he is like a refiner’s fire, and like fullers’soap;" 3.3. And he shall sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; and he shall purify the sons of Levi, and purge them as gold and silver; and there shall be they that shall offer unto the LORD offerings in righteousness." 3.4. Then shall the offering of Judah and Jerusalem be pleasant unto the LORD, as in the days of old, and as in ancient years. 3.5. And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers; and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, The widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not Me, Saith the LORD of hosts." 3.7. From the days of your fathers ye have turned aside from Mine ordices, and have not kept them. Return unto Me, and I will return unto you, Saith the LORD of hosts. But ye say: ‘Wherein shall we return?’" 3.10. Bring ye the whole tithe into the store-house, that there may be food in My house, and try Me now herewith, Saith the LORD of hosts, if I will not open you the windows of heaven, and pour you out a blessing, that there shall be more than sufficiency. ." 3.12. And all nations shall call you happy; For ye shall be a delightsome land, Saith the LORD of hosts." 3.22. Remember ye the law of Moses My servant, which I commanded unto him in Horeb for all Israel, even statutes and ordices." 3.24. And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers; lest I come and smite the land with utter destruction. br small[Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and terrible day of the LORD.] /small" |
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7. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 24.15-24.17, 25.12 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 24.15. וַיִּשָּׂא מְשָׁלוֹ וַיֹּאמַר נְאֻם בִּלְעָם בְּנוֹ בְעֹר וּנְאֻם הַגֶּבֶר שְׁתֻם הָעָיִן׃ 24.16. נְאֻם שֹׁמֵעַ אִמְרֵי־אֵל וְיֹדֵעַ דַּעַת עֶלְיוֹן מַחֲזֵה שַׁדַּי יֶחֱזֶה נֹפֵל וּגְלוּי עֵינָיִם׃ 24.17. אֶרְאֶנּוּ וְלֹא עַתָּה אֲשׁוּרֶנּוּ וְלֹא קָרוֹב דָּרַךְ כּוֹכָב מִיַּעֲקֹב וְקָם שֵׁבֶט מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל וּמָחַץ פַּאֲתֵי מוֹאָב וְקַרְקַר כָּל־בְּנֵי־שֵׁת׃ 25.12. לָכֵן אֱמֹר הִנְנִי נֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת־בְּרִיתִי שָׁלוֹם׃ | 24.15. And he took up his parable, and said: The saying of Balaam the son of Beor, And the saying of the man whose eye is opened;" 24.16. The saying of him who heareth the words of God, And knoweth the knowledge of the Most High, Who seeth the vision of the Almighty, Fallen down, yet with opened eyes:" 24.17. I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not nigh; There shall step forth a star out of Jacob, And a scepter shall rise out of Israel, And shall smite through the corners of Moab, And break down all the sons of Seth." 25.12. Wherefore say: Behold, I give unto him My covet of peace;" |
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8. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 9.3 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
| 9.3. שָׁלְחָה נַעֲרֹתֶיהָ תִקְרָא עַל־גַּפֵּי מְרֹמֵי קָרֶת׃ | 9.3. She hath sent forth her maidens, she calleth, upon the highest places of the city:" |
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9. Hebrew Bible, 1 Kings, 19.12, 19.15 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 19.12. וְאַחַר הָרַעַשׁ אֵשׁ לֹא בָאֵשׁ יְהוָה וְאַחַר הָאֵשׁ קוֹל דְּמָמָה דַקָּה׃ 19.15. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֵלָיו לֵךְ שׁוּב לְדַרְכְּךָ מִדְבַּרָה דַמָּשֶׂק וּבָאתָ וּמָשַׁחְתָּ אֶת־חֲזָאֵל לְמֶלֶךְ עַל־אֲרָם׃ | 19.12. and after the earthquake a fire; but the LORD was not in the fire; and after the fire a still small voice." 19.15. And the LORD said unto him: ‘Go, return on thy way to the wilderness of Damascus; and when thou comest, thou shalt anoint Hazael to be king over Aram;" |
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10. Hebrew Bible, 2 Kings, 2.11 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 2.11. וַיְהִי הֵמָּה הֹלְכִים הָלוֹךְ וְדַבֵּר וְהִנֵּה רֶכֶב־אֵשׁ וְסוּסֵי אֵשׁ וַיַּפְרִדוּ בֵּין שְׁנֵיהֶם וַיַּעַל אֵלִיָּהוּ בַּסְעָרָה הַשָּׁמָיִם׃ | 2.11. And it came to pass, as they still went on, and talked, that, behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, which parted them both assunder; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven." |
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11. Hebrew Bible, Amos, 7.14 (8th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE)
| 7.14. וַיַּעַן עָמוֹס וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־אֲמַצְיָה לֹא־נָבִיא אָנֹכִי וְלֹא בֶן־נָבִיא אָנֹכִי כִּי־בוֹקֵר אָנֹכִי וּבוֹלֵס שִׁקְמִים׃ | 7.14. Then answered Amos, and said to Amaziah: ‘I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet’s son; but I was a herdman, and a dresser of sycamore-trees;" |
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12. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 11.1-11.2, 29.10, 49.5-49.6, 63.1 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 11.1. וְיָצָא חֹטֶר מִגֵּזַע יִשָׁי וְנֵצֶר מִשָּׁרָשָׁיו יִפְרֶה׃ 11.1. וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא שֹׁרֶשׁ יִשַׁי אֲשֶׁר עֹמֵד לְנֵס עַמִּים אֵלָיו גּוֹיִם יִדְרֹשׁוּ וְהָיְתָה מְנֻחָתוֹ כָּבוֹד׃ 11.2. וְנָחָה עָלָיו רוּחַ יְהוָה רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה רוּחַ עֵצָה וּגְבוּרָה רוּחַ דַּעַת וְיִרְאַת יְהוָה׃ 49.5. וְעַתָּה אָמַר יְהוָה יֹצְרִי מִבֶּטֶן לְעֶבֶד לוֹ לְשׁוֹבֵב יַעֲקֹב אֵלָיו וְיִשְׂרָאֵל לא [לוֹ] יֵאָסֵף וְאֶכָּבֵד בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה וֵאלֹהַי הָיָה עֻזִּי׃ 49.6. וַיֹּאמֶר נָקֵל מִהְיוֹתְךָ לִי עֶבֶד לְהָקִים אֶת־שִׁבְטֵי יַעֲקֹב ונצירי [וּנְצוּרֵי] יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהָשִׁיב וּנְתַתִּיךָ לְאוֹר גּוֹיִם לִהְיוֹת יְשׁוּעָתִי עַד־קְצֵה הָאָרֶץ׃ 63.1. וְהֵמָּה מָרוּ וְעִצְּבוּ אֶת־רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֹ וַיֵּהָפֵךְ לָהֶם לְאוֹיֵב הוּא נִלְחַם־בָּם׃ 63.1. מִי־זֶה בָּא מֵאֱדוֹם חֲמוּץ בְּגָדִים מִבָּצְרָה זֶה הָדוּר בִּלְבוּשׁוֹ צֹעֶה בְּרֹב כֹּחוֹ אֲנִי מְדַבֵּר בִּצְדָקָה רַב לְהוֹשִׁיעַ׃ | 11.1. And there shall come forth a shoot out of the stock of Jesse, And a twig shall grow forth out of his roots." 11.2. And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, The spirit of wisdom and understanding, The spirit of counsel and might, The spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD." 29.10. For the LORD hath poured out upon you the spirit of deep sleep, And hath closed your eyes; The prophets, and your heads, the seers, hath He covered." 49.5. And now saith the LORD That formed me from the womb to be His servant, To bring Jacob back to Him, And that Israel be gathered unto Him— For I am honourable in the eyes of the LORD, And my God is become my strength—" 49.6. Yea, He saith: ‘It is too light a thing that thou shouldest be My servant To raise up the tribes of Jacob, And to restore the offspring of Israel; I will also give thee for a light of the nations, That My salvation may be unto the end of the earth.’" 63.1. ’Who is this that cometh from Edom, with crimsoned garments from Bozrah? This that is glorious in his apparel, stately in the greatness of his strength?’— ’I that speak in victory, mighty to save.’—" |
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13. Hebrew Bible, Joshua, 1.7 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 1.7. רַק חֲזַק וֶאֱמַץ מְאֹד לִשְׁמֹר לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּכָל־הַתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ מֹשֶׁה עַבְדִּי אַל־תָּסוּר מִמֶּנּוּ יָמִין וּשְׂמֹאול לְמַעַן תַּשְׂכִּיל בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלֵךְ׃ | 1.7. Only be strong and very courageous, to observe to do according to all the law, which Moses My servant commanded thee; turn not from it to the right hand or to the left, that thou mayest have good success whithersoever thou goest." |
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14. Hebrew Bible, Lamentations, 2.19, 4.1 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 2.19. קוּמִי רֹנִּי בליל [בַלַּיְלָה] לְרֹאשׁ אַשְׁמֻרוֹת שִׁפְכִי כַמַּיִם לִבֵּךְ נֹכַח פְּנֵי אֲדֹנָי שְׂאִי אֵלָיו כַּפַּיִךְ עַל־נֶפֶשׁ עוֹלָלַיִךְ הָעֲטוּפִים בְּרָעָב בְּרֹאשׁ כָּל־חוּצוֹת׃ 4.1. אֵיכָה יוּעַם זָהָב יִשְׁנֶא הַכֶּתֶם הַטּוֹב תִּשְׁתַּפֵּכְנָה אַבְנֵי־קֹדֶשׁ בְּרֹאשׁ כָּל־חוּצוֹת׃ 4.1. יְדֵי נָשִׁים רַחֲמָנִיּוֹת בִּשְּׁלוּ יַלְדֵיהֶן הָיוּ לְבָרוֹת לָמוֹ בְּשֶׁבֶר בַּת־עַמִּי׃ | 2.19. Arise, cry out in the night, At the beginning of the watches; Pour out thy heart like water Before the face of the Lord; Lift up thy hands toward Him For the life of thy young children, That faint for hunger At the head of every street.’" 4.1. How is the gold become dim! How is the most fine gold changed! The hallowed stones are poured out At the head of every street." |
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15. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 1.24-1.25, 3.12-3.13, 10.5 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 1.24. וָאֶשְׁמַע אֶת־קוֹל כַּנְפֵיהֶם כְּקוֹל מַיִם רַבִּים כְּקוֹל־שַׁדַּי בְּלֶכְתָּם קוֹל הֲמֻלָּה כְּקוֹל מַחֲנֶה בְּעָמְדָם תְּרַפֶּינָה כַנְפֵיהֶן׃ 1.25. וַיְהִי־קוֹל מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ אֲשֶׁר עַל־רֹאשָׁם בְּעָמְדָם תְּרַפֶּינָה כַנְפֵיהֶן׃ 3.12. וַתִּשָּׂאֵנִי רוּחַ וָאֶשְׁמַע אַחֲרַי קוֹל רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל בָּרוּךְ כְּבוֹד־יְהוָה מִמְּקוֹמוֹ׃ 3.13. וְקוֹל כַּנְפֵי הַחַיּוֹת מַשִּׁיקוֹת אִשָּׁה אֶל־אֲחוֹתָהּ וְקוֹל הָאוֹפַנִּים לְעֻמָּתָם וְקוֹל רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל׃ 10.5. וְקוֹל כַּנְפֵי הַכְּרוּבִים נִשְׁמַע עַד־הֶחָצֵר הַחִיצֹנָה כְּקוֹל אֵל־שַׁדַּי בְּדַבְּרוֹ׃ | 1.24. And when they went, I heard the noise of their wings like the noise of great waters, like the voice of the Almighty, a noise of tumult like the noise of a host; when they stood, they let down their wings." 1.25. For, when there was a voice above the firmament that was over their heads, as they stood, they let down their wings." 3.12. Then a spirit lifted me up, and I heard behind me the voice of a great rushing: ‘Blessed be the glory of the LORD from His place’;" 3.13. also the noise of the wings of the living creatures as they touched one another, and the noise of the wheels beside them, even the noise of a great rushing." 10.5. And the sound of the wings of the cherubim was heard even to the outer court, as the voice of God Almighty when He speaketh." |
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16. Hebrew Bible, Nehemiah, 8 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
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17. Hebrew Bible, Zechariah, 8.9, 8.11, 8.13, 13.2-13.3, 13.6 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 8.9. כֹּה־אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת תֶּחֱזַקְנָה יְדֵיכֶם הַשֹּׁמְעִים בַּיָּמִים הָאֵלֶּה אֵת הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה מִפִּי הַנְּבִיאִים אֲשֶׁר בְּיוֹם יֻסַּד בֵּית־יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת הַהֵיכָל לְהִבָּנוֹת׃ 8.11. וְעַתָּה לֹא כַיָּמִים הָרִאשֹׁנִים אֲנִי לִשְׁאֵרִית הָעָם הַזֶּה נְאֻם יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת׃ 8.13. וְהָיָה כַּאֲשֶׁר הֱיִיתֶם קְלָלָה בַּגּוֹיִם בֵּית יְהוּדָה וּבֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל כֵּן אוֹשִׁיעַ אֶתְכֶם וִהְיִיתֶם בְּרָכָה אַל־תִּירָאוּ תֶּחֱזַקְנָה יְדֵיכֶם׃ 13.2. וְהָיָה בַיּוֹם הַהוּא נְאֻם יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת אַכְרִית אֶת־שְׁמוֹת הָעֲצַבִּים מִן־הָאָרֶץ וְלֹא יִזָּכְרוּ עוֹד וְגַם אֶת־הַנְּבִיאִים וְאֶת־רוּחַ הַטֻּמְאָה אַעֲבִיר מִן־הָאָרֶץ׃ 13.3. וְהָיָה כִּי־יִנָּבֵא אִישׁ עוֹד וְאָמְרוּ אֵלָיו אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ יֹלְדָיו לֹא תִחְיֶה כִּי שֶׁקֶר דִּבַּרְתָּ בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה וּדְקָרֻהוּ אָבִיהוּ וְאִמּוֹ יֹלְדָיו בְּהִנָּבְאוֹ׃ 13.6. וְאָמַר אֵלָיו מָה הַמַּכּוֹת הָאֵלֶּה בֵּין יָדֶיךָ וְאָמַר אֲשֶׁר הֻכֵּיתִי בֵּית מְאַהֲבָי׃ | 8.9. Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Let your hands be strong, ye that hear in these days these words from the mouth of the prophets that were in the day that the foundation of the house of the LORD of hosts was laid, even the temple, that it might be built." 8.11. But now I will not be unto the remt of this people as in the former days, saith the LORD of hosts." 8.13. And it shall come to pass that, as ye were a curse among the nations, O house of Judah and house of Israel, so will I save you, and ye shall be a blessing; fear not, but let your hands be strong." 13.2. And it shall come to pass in that day, Saith the LORD of hosts, That I will cut off the names of the idols out of the land, And they shall no more be remembered; And also I will cause the prophets And the unclean spirit to pass out of the land." 13.3. And it shall come to pass that, when any shall yet prophesy, then his father and his mother that begot him shall say unto him: ‘Thou shalt not live, for thou speakest lies in the name of the LORD’; and his father and his mother that begot him shall thrust him through when he prophesieth." 13.6. And one shall say unto him: ‘What are these wounds between thy hands?’ Then he shall answer: ‘Those with which I was wounded in the house of my friends.’" |
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18. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q174 (The Florilegium) 195, 199, 339, 1.11-1.12 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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19. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q175, 23 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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20. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q521, 0 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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21. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q558, 0 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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22. Dead Sea Scrolls, Community Rule, 9.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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23. Dead Sea Scrolls, Songs of The Sabbath Sacrificef, 19 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
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24. Hebrew Bible, Daniel, 9 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
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25. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, 14.41 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 14.41. And the Jews and their priests decided that Simon should be their leader and high priest for ever, until a trustworthy prophet should arise |
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26. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 48.1, 48.10, 48.23-48.25, 49.6-49.8, 49.10 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 48.1. Then the prophet Elijah arose like a fire,and his word burned like a torch. 48.1. you who are ready at the appointed time, it is written,to calm the wrath of God before it breaks out in fury,to turn the heart of the father to the son,and to restore the tribes of Jacob. 48.23. In his days the sun went backward,and he lengthened the life of the king. 48.24. By the spirit of might he saw the last things,and comforted those who mourned in Zion. 48.25. He revealed what was to occur to the end of time,and the hidden things before they came to pass. 49.6. who set fire to the chosen city of the sanctuary,and made her streets desolate,according to the word of Jeremiah. 49.7. For they had afflicted him;yet he had been consecrated in the womb as prophet,to pluck up and afflict and destroy,and likewise to build and to plant. 49.8. It was Ezekiel who saw the vision of glory which God showed him above the chariot of the cherubim. |
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27. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 48.24-48.25, 49.6-49.8, 49.10 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
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28. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 13.311-13.313, 15.373-15.379, 17.346-17.348 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 13.311. But here one may take occasion to wonder at one Judas, who was of the sect of the Essenes, and who never missed the truth in his predictions; for this man, when he saw Antigonus passing by the temple, cried out to his companions and friends, who abode with him as his scholars, in order to learn the art of foretelling things to come? 13.312. “That it was good for him to die now, since he had spoken falsely about Antigonus, who is still alive, and I see him passing by, although he had foretold that he should die at the place called Strato’s Tower that very day, while yet the place is six hundred furlongs off, where he had foretold he should be slain; and still this day is a great part of it already past, so that he was in danger of proving a false prophet.” 13.313. As he was saying this, and that in a melancholy mood, the news came that Antigonus was slain in a place under ground, which itself was called also Strato’s Tower, or of the same name with that Caesarea which is seated at the sea. This event put the prophet into a great disorder. 15.373. 5. Now there was one of these Essenes, whose name was Manahem, who had this testimony, that he not only conducted his life after an excellent manner, but had the foreknowledge of future events given him by God also. This man once saw Herod when he was a child, and going to school, and saluted him as king of the Jews; 15.374. but he, thinking that either he did not know him, or that he was in jest, put him in mind that he was but a private man; but Manahem smiled to himself, and clapped him on his backside with his hand, and said, “However that be, thou wilt be king, and wilt begin thy reign happily, for God finds thee worthy of it. And do thou remember the blows that Manahem hath given thee, as being a signal of the change of thy fortune. 15.375. And truly this will be the best reasoning for thee, that thou love justice [towards men], and piety towards God, and clemency towards thy citizens; yet do I know how thy whole conduct will be, that thou wilt not be such a one 15.376. for thou wilt excel all men in happiness, and obtain an everlasting reputation, but wilt forget piety and righteousness; and these crimes will not be concealed from God, at the conclusion of thy life, when thou wilt find that he will be mindful of them, and punish time for them.” 15.377. Now at that time Herod did not at all attend to what Manahem said, as having no hopes of such advancement; but a little afterward, when he was so fortunate as to be advanced to the dignity of king, and was in the height of his dominion, he sent for Manahem, and asked him how long he should reign. 15.378. Manahem did not tell him the full length of his reign; wherefore, upon that silence of his, he asked him further, whether he should reign ten years or not? He replied, “Yes, twenty, nay, thirty years;” but did not assign the just determinate limit of his reign. Herod was satisfied with these replies, and gave Manahem his hand, and dismissed him; and from that time he continued to honor all the Essenes. 15.379. We have thought it proper to relate these facts to our readers, how strange soever they be, and to declare what hath happened among us, because many of these Essenes have, by their excellent virtue, been thought worthy of this knowledge of divine revelations. 17.346. And when he was awake and gotten up, because the vision appeared to be of great importance to him, he sent for the diviners, whose study was employed about dreams. And while some were of one opinion, and some of another, (for all their interpretations did not agree,) Simon, a man of the sect of the Essenes, desired leave to speak his mind freely, and said that the vision denoted a change in the affairs of Archelaus, and that not for the better; 17.347. that oxen, because that animal takes uneasy pains in his labors, denoted afflictions, and indeed denoted, further, a change of affairs, because that land which is ploughed by oxen cannot remain in its former state; and that the ears of corn being ten, determined the like number of years, because an ear of corn grows in one year; and that the time of Archelaus’s government was over. And thus did this man expound the dream. 17.348. Now on the fifth day after this dream came first to Archelaus, the other Archelaus, that was sent to Judea by Caesar to call him away, came hither also. |
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29. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, 1.78-1.80, 2.159, 2.211-2.213, 3.352-3.353, 3.399-3.408 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.78. 5. And truly anyone would be surprised at Judas upon this occasion. He was of the sect of the Essenes, and had never failed or deceived men in his predictions before. Now, this man saw Antigonus as he was passing along by the temple, and cried out to his acquaintance (they were not a few who attended upon him as his scholars) 1.79. “O strange!” said he, “it is good for me to die now, since truth is dead before me, and somewhat that I have foretold hath proved false; for this Antigonus is this day alive, who ought to have died this day; and the place where he ought to be slain, according to that fatal decree, was Strato’s Tower, which is at the distance of six hundred furlongs from this place; and yet four hours of this day are over already; which point of time renders the prediction impossible to be fulfilled.” 2.159. 12. There are also those among them who undertake to foretell things to come, by reading the holy books, and using several sorts of purifications, and being perpetually conversant in the discourses of the prophets; and it is but seldom that they miss in their predictions. 2.211. 4. In the meantime, one of the soldiers belonging to the senate drew his sword, and cried out, “O my fellow soldiers, what is the meaning of this choice of ours, to kill our brethren, and to use violence to our kindred that are with Claudius? while we may have him for our emperor whom no one can blame, and who hath so many just reasons [to lay claim to the government]! and this with regard to those against whom we are going to fight!” 2.212. When he had said this, he marched through the whole senate, and carried all the soldiers along with him. Upon which all the patricians were immediately in a great fright at their being thus deserted. But still, because there appeared no other way whither they could turn themselves for deliverance, they made haste the same way with the soldiers, and went to Claudius. 2.213. But those that had the greatest luck in flattering the good fortune of Claudius betimes met them before the walls with their naked swords, and there was reason to fear that those that came first might have been in danger, before Claudius could know what violence the soldiers were going to offer them, had not Agrippa run before, and told him what a dangerous thing they were going about, and that unless he restrained the violence of these men, who were in a fit of madness against the patricians, he would lose those on whose account it was most desirable to rule, and would be emperor over a desert. 3.352. Now Josephus was able to give shrewd conjectures about the interpretation of such dreams as have been ambiguously delivered by God. Moreover, he was not unacquainted with the prophecies contained in the sacred books, as being a priest himself, and of the posterity of priests: 3.353. and just then was he in an ecstasy; and setting before him the tremendous images of the dreams he had lately had, he put up a secret prayer to God 3.399. 9. When Josephus heard him give those orders, he said that he had somewhat in his mind that he would willingly say to himself alone. When therefore they were all ordered to withdraw, excepting Titus and two of their friends, he said 3.401. Dost thou send me to Nero? For why? Are Nero’s successors till they come to thee still alive? Thou, O Vespasian, art Caesar and emperor, thou, and this thy son. 3.402. Bind me now still faster, and keep me for thyself, for thou, O Caesar, are not only lord over me, but over the land and the sea, and all mankind; and certainly I deserve to be kept in closer custody than I now am in, in order to be punished, if I rashly affirm anything of God.” 3.403. When he had said this, Vespasian at present did not believe him, but supposed that Josephus said this as a cunning trick, in order to his own preservation; 3.404. but in a little time he was convinced, and believed what he said to be true, God himself erecting his expectations, so as to think of obtaining the empire, and by other signs foreshowing his advancement. 3.405. He also found Josephus to have spoken truth on other occasions; for one of those friends that were present at that secret conference said to Josephus, “I cannot but wonder how thou couldst not foretell to the people of Jotapata that they should be taken, nor couldst foretell this captivity which hath happened to thyself, unless what thou now sayest be a vain thing, in order to avoid the rage that is risen against thyself.” 3.406. To which Josephus replied, “I did foretell to the people of Jotapata that they would be taken on the forty-seventh day, and that I should be caught alive by the Romans.” 3.407. Now when Vespasian had inquired of the captives privately about these predictions, he found them to be true, and then he began to believe those that concerned himself. 3.408. Yet did he not set Josephus at liberty from his bands, but bestowed on him suits of clothes, and other precious gifts; he treated him also in a very obliging manner, and continued so to do, Titus still joining his interest in the honors that were done him. |
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30. Josephus Flavius, Against Apion, 1.8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.8. However, they acknowledge themselves so far, that they were the Egyptians, the Chaldeans, and the Phoenicians (for I will not now reckon ourselves among them) that have preserved the memorials of the most ancient and most lasting traditions of mankind; 1.8. When this man had reigned thirteen years, after him reigned another, whose name was Beon, for forty-four years; after him reigned another, called Apachnas, thirty-six years and seven months; after him Apophis reigned sixty-one years, and then Jonias fifty years and one month; |
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31. New Testament, Acts, 1.8, 2.43-2.46, 21.20-21.26 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 1.8. But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come on you. You will be witnesses to me in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the uttermost parts of the earth. 2.43. Fear came on every soul, and many wonders and signs were done through the apostles. 2.44. All who believed were together, and had all things common. 2.45. They sold their possessions and goods, and distributed them to all, according as anyone had need. 2.46. Day by day, continuing steadfastly with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread at home, they took their food with gladness and singleness of heart 21.20. They, when they heard it, glorified God. They said to him, "You see, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews of those who have believed, and they are all zealous for the law. 21.21. They have been informed about you, that you teach all the Jews who are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children neither to walk after the customs. 21.22. What then? The assembly must certainly meet, for they will hear that you have come. 21.23. Therefore do what we tell you. We have four men who have a vow on them. 21.24. Take them, and purify yourself with them, and pay their expenses for them, that they may shave their heads. Then all will know that there is no truth in the things that they have been informed about you, but that you yourself also walk keeping the law. 21.25. But concerning the Gentiles who believe, we have written our decision that they should observe no such thing, except that they should keep themselves from food offered to idols, from blood, from strangled things, and from sexual immorality. 21.26. Then Paul took the men, and the next day, purified himself and went with them into the temple, declaring the fulfillment of the days of purification, until the offering was offered for every one of them. |
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32. New Testament, Apocalypse, 20.6 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 20.6. Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first resurrection. Over these, the second death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and will reign with him one thousand years. |
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33. New Testament, John, 1.29-1.51, 6.14-6.15, 7.40-7.41, 7.52 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.29. The next day, he saw Jesus coming to him, and said, "Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world! 1.30. This is he of whom I said, 'After me comes a man who is preferred before me, for he was before me.' 1.31. I didn't know him, but for this reason I came baptizing in water: that he would be revealed to Israel. 1.32. John testified, saying, "I have seen the Spirit descending like a dove out of heaven, and it remained on him. 1.33. I didn't recognize him, but he who sent me to baptize in water, he said to me, 'On whomever you will see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he who baptizes in the Holy Spirit.' 1.34. I have seen, and have testified that this is the Son of God. 1.35. Again, the next day, John was standing with two of his disciples 1.36. and he looked at Jesus as he walked, and said, "Behold, the Lamb of God! 1.37. The two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus. 1.38. Jesus turned, and saw them following, and said to them, "What are you looking for?"They said to him, "Rabbi" (which is to say, being interpreted, Teacher), "where are you staying? 1.39. He said to them, "Come, and see."They came and saw where he was staying, and they stayed with him that day. It was about the tenth hour. 1.40. One of the two who heard John, and followed him, was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother. 1.41. He first found his own brother, Simon, and said to him, "We have found the Messiah!" (which is, being interpreted, Christ). 1.42. He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him, and said, "You are Simon the son of Jonah. You shall be called Cephas" (which is by interpretation, Peter). 1.43. On the next day, he was determined to go out into Galilee, and he found Philip. Jesus said to him, "Follow me. 1.44. Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter. 1.45. Philip found Nathanael, and said to him, "We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, wrote: Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph. 1.46. Nathanael said to him, "Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?"Philip said to him, "Come and see. 1.47. Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and said about him, "Behold, an Israelite indeed, in whom is no deceit! 1.48. Nathanael said to him, "How do you know me?"Jesus answered him, "Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you. 1.49. Nathanael answered him, "Rabbi, you are the Son of God! You are King of Israel! 1.50. Jesus answered him, "Because I told you, 'I saw you underneath the fig tree,' do you believe? You will see greater things than these! 1.51. He said to him, "Most assuredly, I tell you, hereafter you will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man. 6.14. When therefore the people saw the sign which Jesus did, they said, "This is truly the prophet who comes into the world. 6.15. Jesus therefore, perceiving that they were about to come and take him by force, to make him king, withdrew again to the mountain by himself. 7.40. Many of the multitude therefore, when they heard these words, said, "This is truly the prophet. 7.41. Others said, "This is the Christ." But some said, "What, does the Christ come out of Galilee? 7.52. They answered him, "Are you also from Galilee? Search, and see that no prophet has arisen out of Galilee. |
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34. New Testament, Luke, 9.26-9.27, 24.52-24.53 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 9.26. For whoever will be ashamed of me and of my words, of him will the Son of Man be ashamed, when he comes in his glory, and the glory of the Father, and of the holy angels. 9.27. But I tell you the truth: There are some of those who stand here, who will in no way taste of death, until they see the Kingdom of God. 24.52. They worshiped him, and returned to Jerusalem with great joy 24.53. and were continually in the temple, praising and blessing God. Amen. |
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35. New Testament, Mark, 1.2-1.11, 8.27-8.33, 8.38 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 1.2. As it is written in the prophets, "Behold, I send my messenger before your face, Who will prepare your way before you. 1.3. The voice of one crying in the wilderness, 'Make ready the way of the Lord! Make his paths straight!' 1.4. John came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching the baptism of repentance for forgiveness of sins. 1.5. All the country of Judea and all those of Jerusalem went out to him. They were baptized by him in the Jordan river, confessing their sins. 1.6. John was clothed with camel's hair and a leather belt around his loins. He ate locusts and wild honey. 1.7. He preached, saying, "After me comes he who is mightier than I, the thong of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoop down and loosen. 1.8. I baptized you in water, but he will baptize you in the Holy Spirit. 1.9. It happened in those days, that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and was baptized by John in the Jordan. 1.10. Immediately coming up from the water, he saw the heavens parting, and the Spirit descending on him like a dove. 1.11. A voice came out of the sky, "You are my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. 8.27. Jesus went out, with his disciples, into the villages of Caesarea Philippi. On the way he asked his disciples, "Who do men say that I am? 8.28. They told him, "John the Baptizer, and others say Elijah, but others: one of the prophets. 8.29. He said to them, "But who do you say that I am?"Peter answered, "You are the Christ. 8.30. He charged them that they should tell no one about him. 8.31. He began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things, and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests, and the scribes, and be killed, and after three days rise again. 8.32. He spoke to them openly. Peter took him, and began to rebuke him. 8.33. But he, turning around, and seeing his disciples, rebuked Peter, and said, "Get behind me, Satan! For you have in mind not the things of God, but the things of men. 8.38. For whoever will be ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, the Son of Man also will be ashamed of him, when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels. |
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36. New Testament, Matthew, 3.13-3.15, 5.21, 10.33, 11.8-11.11, 11.14, 16.27-16.28, 17.10, 17.12-17.13 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
| 3.13. Then Jesus came from Galilee to the Jordan to John, to be baptized by him. 3.14. But John would have hindered him, saying, "I need to be baptized by you, and you come to me? 3.15. But Jesus, answering, said to him, "Allow it now, for this is the fitting way for us to fulfill all righteousness." Then he allowed him. 5.21. You have heard that it was said to the ancient ones, 'You shall not murder;' and 'Whoever shall murder shall be in danger of the judgment.' 10.33. But whoever denies me before men, him I will also deny before my Father who is in heaven. 11.8. But what did you go out to see? A man in soft clothing? Behold, those who wear soft clothing are in king's houses. 11.9. But why did you go out? To see a prophet? Yes, I tell you, and much more than a prophet. 11.10. For this is he, of whom it is written, 'Behold, I send my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way before you.' 11.11. Most assuredly I tell you, among those who are born of women there has not arisen anyone greater than John the Baptizer; yet he who is least in the Kingdom of Heaven is greater than he. 11.14. If you are willing to receive it, this is Elijah, who is to come. 16.27. For the Son of Man will come in the glory of his Father with his angels, and then he will render to everyone according to his deeds. 16.28. Most assuredly I tell you, there are some standing here who will in no way taste of death, until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom. 17.10. His disciples asked him, saying, "Then why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first? 17.12. but I tell you that Elijah has come already, and they didn't recognize him, but did to him whatever they wanted to. Even so the Son of Man will also suffer by them. 17.13. Then the disciples understood that he spoke to them of John the Baptizer. |
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37. Babylonian Talmud, Berachot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
| 3a. קשיא דרבי מאיר אדרבי מאיר תרי תנאי אליבא דרבי מאיר,קשיא דרבי אליעזר אדרבי אליעזר,תרי תנאי אליבא דרבי אליעזר ואיבעית אימא רישא לאו רבי אליעזר היא:,עד סוף האשמורה:,מאי קסבר רבי אליעזר אי קסבר שלש משמרות הוי הלילה לימא עד ארבע שעות ואי קסבר ארבע משמרות הוי הלילה לימא עד שלש שעות,לעולם קסבר שלש משמרות הוי הלילה והא קא משמע לן דאיכא משמרות ברקיע ואיכא משמרות בארעא דתניא רבי אליעזר אומר שלש משמרות הוי הלילה ועל כל משמר ומשמר יושב הקדוש ברוך הוא ושואג כארי שנאמר ה' ממרום ישאג וממעון קדשו יתן קולו שאוג ישאג על נוהו,וסימן לדבר משמרה ראשונה חמור נוער שניה כלבים צועקים שלישית תינוק יונק משדי אמו ואשה מספרת עם בעלה.,מאי קא חשיב רבי אליעזר אי תחלת משמרות קא חשיב תחלת משמרה ראשונה סימנא למה לי אורתא הוא אי סוף משמרות קא חשיב סוף משמרה אחרונה למה לי סימנא יממא הוא,אלא חשיב סוף משמרה ראשונה ותחלת משמרה אחרונה ואמצעית דאמצעיתא ואיבעית אימא כולהו סוף משמרות קא חשיב וכי תימא אחרונה לא צריך,למאי נפקא מינה למיקרי קריאת שמע למאן דגני בבית אפל ולא ידע זמן קריאת שמע אימת כיון דאשה מספרת עם בעלה ותינוק יונק משדי אמו ליקום וליקרי.,אמר רב יצחק בר שמואל משמיה דרב ג' משמרות הוי הלילה ועל כל משמר ומשמר יושב הקדוש ברוך הוא ושואג כארי ואומר אוי לבנים שבעונותיהם החרבתי את ביתי ושרפתי את היכלי והגליתים לבין אומות העולם:,תניא אמר רבי יוסי פעם אחת הייתי מהלך בדרך ונכנסתי לחורבה אחת מחורבות ירושלים להתפלל בא אליהו זכור לטוב ושמר לי על הפתח (והמתין לי) עד שסיימתי תפלתי לאחר שסיימתי תפלתי אמר לי שלום עליך רבי ואמרתי לו שלום עליך רבי ומורי ואמר לי בני מפני מה נכנסת לחורבה זו אמרתי לו להתפלל ואמר לי היה לך להתפלל בדרך ואמרתי לו מתיירא הייתי שמא יפסיקו בי עוברי דרכים ואמר לי היה לך להתפלל תפלה קצרה,באותה שעה למדתי ממנו שלשה דברים למדתי שאין נכנסין לחורבה ולמדתי שמתפללין בדרך ולמדתי שהמתפלל בדרך מתפלל תפלה קצרה,ואמר לי בני מה קול שמעת בחורבה זו ואמרתי לו שמעתי בת קול שמנהמת כיונה ואומרת אוי לבנים שבעונותיהם החרבתי את ביתי ושרפתי את היכלי והגליתים לבין האומות ואמר לי חייך וחיי ראשך לא שעה זו בלבד אומרת כך אלא בכל יום ויום שלש פעמים אומרת כך ולא זו בלבד אלא בשעה שישראל נכנסין לבתי כנסיות ולבתי מדרשות ועונין יהא שמיה הגדול מבורך הקדוש ברוך הוא מנענע ראשו ואומר אשרי המלך שמקלסין אותו בביתו כך מה לו לאב שהגלה את בניו ואוי להם לבנים שגלו מעל שולחן אביהם:,תנו רבנן מפני שלשה דברים אין נכנסין לחורבה מפני חשד מפני המפולת ומפני המזיקין. מפני חשד ותיפוק ליה משום מפולת | 3a. The previous baraita cited Rabbi Meir’s opinion that the time for the recitation of iShemabegins when the priests immerse before partaking of their iteruma /i. In the iTosefta /i, it was taught that Rabbi Meir holds that one begins to recite iShemafrom when people enter to eat their meal on Shabbat eve. One opinion of bRabbi Meirseems to bcontradictanother opinion of bRabbi Meir /b. The Gemara responds: bTwo itanna’im /i,students of Rabbi Meir, expressed different opinions bin accordance with Rabbi Meir’sopinion.,So too, the opinion bof Rabbi Eliezercited in the mishna bcontradictsthe opinion bof Rabbi Eliezercited in the ibaraita /i. In the mishna, Rabbi Eliezer holds that the time for the recitation of iShemabegins with the emergence of the stars: From the time when the priests enter to partake of their iteruma /i, while in the ibaraita /i, he states that the time for the recitation of iShemabegins when the day becomes sanctified on the eve of Shabbat.,The Gemara responds: There are two possible resolutions to the apparent contradiction in Rabbi Eliezer’s opinion. Either btwo itanna’imexpressed different opinions bin accordance with Rabbi Eliezer’sopinion, bor if you wish, sayinstead that bthe first clauseof the mishna, according to which we begin to recite iShemawhen the priests enter to partake of their iteruma /i, bis notactually bRabbi Eliezer’sopinion. Only the second half of the statement: Until the end of the first watch, was stated by Rabbi Eliezer.,In the mishna, we learned that Rabbi Eliezer establishes that one may recite the evening iShema buntil the end of the first watch.These watches are mentioned in the Bible as segments of the night, but it must be established: Into precisely how many segments is the night divided, three or four? Moreover, why does Rabbi Eliezer employ such inexact parameters rather than a more precise definition of time ( iTosefot HaRosh /i)?, bWhat does Rabbi Eliezeractually bhold? If he holds that the night consists of three watches, let him sayexplicitly that one recites the evening iShema buntil the fourth hour. If he holds that the night consists of four watches, let him sayexplicitly buntil the third hour. /b,The Gemara responds: bActually,Rabbi Eliezer bholds that the night consists of three watches,and he employs this particular language of watches bin order to teach us: There are watches in heaven and there are watches on earth;just as our night is divided into watches, so too is the night in the upper worlds. bAs it was taughtin a ibaraita /i: bRabbi Eliezer says: The night consists of three watches, and over each and every watch, the Holy One, Blessed be He, sits and roars like a lionin pain over the destruction of the Temple. This imagery is derived from a reference in the Bible, bas it is stated: “The Lord roars [ iyishag /i] from on high, from His holy dwelling He makes His voice heard. He roars mightily[ishaog yishag/b] bover His dwelling place,He cries out like those who tread grapes, against all the inhabitants of the earth” (Jeremiah 25:30). The three instances of the root ishin-alef-gimmelin this verse correspond to the three watches of the night., bAnd signs ofthe transition between each of bthesewatches in the upper world can be sensed in this world: In bthe first watch, the donkey brays;in bthe second, dogs bark;and in bthe thirdpeople begin to rise, ba baby nurses from its mother’s breast and a wife converses with her husband. /b,With regard to these earthly manifestations of the three heavenly watches as established in the ibaraita /i, the Gemara asks: bWhat did Rabbi Eliezer enumerate? Ifhe benumerated the beginning of the watch, why do I need a sign for the beginning of the first watch? It iswhen beveningbegins; an additional sign is superfluous. bIf he enumerated the end of the watches, why do I need a sign for the end of the last watch? It iswhen bdaybegins; an additional sign is similarly superfluous.,The Gemara answers: bRather, he enumeratedthe signs for bthe end of the first watch and the beginning of the last watch,both of which require a sign, as well as bthe middle of the middlewatch. bAnd if you wish, sayinstead: bHe enumerated the ends of allof the watches. bAnd if you saythat a sign indicating the end of the bfinalwatch bis unnecessarybecause it is day, nevertheless, that sign is useful., bWhat is the practical ramificationof this sign? It is relevant bto one who recites iShema bwhile lying in a dark house,who cannot see the dawn and bwho does not know when the time for reciting iShema /iarrives. That person is provided with a sign that bwhen a woman speaks with her husband and a baby nurses from its mother’s breast,the final watch of the night has ended and bhe must rise and recite iShema /i., bRav Yitzḥak bar Shmuel said in the name of Rav: The night consists of three watches, and over each and every watch the Holy One, Blessed be He sits and roars like a lion,because the Temple service was connected to the changing of these watches ( iTosefot HaRosh /i), band says: “Woe to Me, that due to their sins I destroyed My house, burned My Temple and exiled them among the nations of the world.” /b,Incidental to the mention of the elevated significance of the night watches, the Gemara cites a related story: bIt was taughtin a ibaraitathat bRabbi Yosei said: I was once walking along the road when I enteredthe bruinsof an old, abandoned building bamong the ruins of Jerusalemin order bto pray.I noticed that bElijah, of blessed memory, came and guarded the entrance for me and waited at the entrance until I finished my prayer. When I finished prayingand exited the ruin, Elijah bsaid to me,deferentially as one would address a Rabbi: bGreetings to you, my Rabbi. I answered him: Greetings to you, my Rabbi, my teacher. AndElijah bsaid to me: My son, why did you enter this ruin? I said to him:In order bto pray. AndElijah bsaid to me: You should have prayed on the road. And I said to him:I was unable to pray along the road, because bI was afraid that I might be interrupted by travelersand would be unable to focus. Elijah bsaid to me: You should have recited the abbreviated prayerinstituted for just such circumstances.,Rabbi Yosei concluded: bAt that time,from that brief exchange, bI learned from him, three things: I learned that one may not enter a ruin; and I learnedthat one need not enter a building to pray, but bhe may pray along the road; and I learned that one who prays along the road recites an abbreviated prayerso that he may maintain his focus., bAndafter this introduction, Elijah bsaid to me: What voice did you hear in that ruin? br bI responded: I heard a Heavenly voice,like an echo of that roar of the Holy One, Blessed be He (Maharsha), bcooing like a dove and saying: Woe to the children, due to whose sins I destroyed My house, burned My Temple, and exiled them among the nations.br bAndElijah bsaid to me:By byour life and by your head, not onlydid that voice bcry out in that moment, but it cries out three times each and every day. Moreover,any time that God’s greatness is evoked, such as bwhen Israel enters synagogues and study halls and answersin the ikaddishprayer, bMay His great name be blessed, the Holy One, Blessed be He, shakes His head and says: Happy is the king who is thus praised in his house.When the Temple stood, this praise was recited there, but now: bHowgreat is the pain of bthe father who exiled his children, and woe to the children who were exiled from their father’s table,as their pain only adds to that of their father (Rabbi Shem Tov ibn Shaprut)., bThe Sages taught, for three reasons one may not enter a ruin: Because of suspicionof prostitution, bbecausethe ruin is liable to bcollapse,and bbecause of demons.Three separate reasons seem extraneous, so the Gemara asks: Why was the reason bbecause of suspicionnecessary? bLet this ihalakha bbe derived because of collapse. /b |
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38. Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
| 98a. מלכים יראו וקמו שרים וישתחוו,אמר לו רבי אליעזר והלא כבר נאמר (ירמיהו ד, א) אם תשוב ישראל נאום ה' אלי תשוב אמר לו רבי יהושע והלא כבר נאמר (דניאל יב, ז) ואשמע את האיש לבוש הבדים אשר ממעל למימי היאור וירם ימינו ושמאלו אל השמים וישבע בחי העולם כי למועד מועדים וחצי וככלות נפץ יד עם קדש תכלינה כל אלה וגו' ושתק רבי אליעזר,ואמר רבי אבא אין לך קץ מגולה מזה שנאמר (יחזקאל לו, ח) ואתם הרי ישראל ענפכם תתנו ופריכם תשאו לעמי ישראל וגו' רבי (אליעזר) אומר אף מזה שנאמר (זכריה ח, י) כי לפני הימים (האלה) [ההם] שכר האדם לא נהיה ושכר הבהמה איננה וליוצא ולבא אין שלום מן הצר,מאי ליוצא ולבא אין שלום מן הצר רב אמר אף תלמידי חכמים שכתוב בהם שלום דכתיב (תהלים קיט, קסה) שלום רב לאהבי תורתך אין שלום מפני צר ושמואל אמר עד שיהיו כל השערים כולן שקולין,אמר רבי חנינא אין בן דוד בא עד שיתבקש דג לחולה ולא ימצא שנאמר (יחזקאל לב, יד) אז אשקיע מימיהם ונהרותם כשמן אוליך וכתב (בתריה) (יחזקאל כט, כא) ביום ההוא אצמיח קרן לבית ישראל,אמר רבי חמא בר חנינא אין בן דוד בא עד שתכלה מלכות הזלה מישראל שנאמר (ישעיהו יח, ה) וכרת הזלזלים במזמרות וכתיב בתריה בעת ההיא יובל שי לה' צבאות עם ממשך ומורט,אמר זעירי אמר רבי חנינא אין בן דוד בא עד שיכלו גסי הרוח מישראל שנאמר (צפניה ג, יא) כי אז אסיר מקרבך עליזי גאותך וכתיב (צפניה ג, יב) והשארתי בקרבך עם עני ודל וחסו בשם ה',אמר רבי שמלאי משום רבי אלעזר בר"ש אין בן דוד בא עד שיכלו כל שופטים ושוטרים מישראל שנאמר (ישעיהו א, כה) ואשיבה ידי עליך ואצרוף כבור סיגיך וגו' ואשיבה שופטיך,אמר עולא אין ירושלים נפדית אלא בצדקה שנאמר (ישעיהו א, כז) ציון במשפט תפדה ושביה בצדקה אמר רב פפא אי בטלי יהירי בטלי אמגושי אי בטלי דייני בטלי גזירפטי אי בטלי יהירי בטלי אמגושי דכתיב (ישעיהו א, כה) ואצרוף כבור סיגיך ואסירה כל בדיליך ואי בטלי דייני בטלי גזירפטי דכתיב (צפניה ג, טו) הסיר ה' משפטיך פנה אויבך,אמר ר' יוחנן אם ראית דור שמתמעט והולך חכה לו שנאמר (שמואל ב כב, כח) ואת עם עני תושיע וגו' אמר רבי יוחנן אם ראית דור שצרות רבות באות עליו כנהר חכה לו שנאמר (ישעיהו נט, יט) כי יבא כנהר צר (ו) רוח ה' נוססה בו וסמיך ליה ובא לציון גואל,ואמר רבי יוחנן אין בן דוד בא אלא בדור שכולו זכאי או כולו חייב בדור שכולו זכאי דכתיב (ישעיהו ס, כא) ועמך כולם צדיקים לעולם יירשו ארץ בדור שכולו חייב דכתיב (ישעיהו נט, טז) וירא כי אין איש וישתומם כי אין מפגיע וכתיב (ישעיהו מח, יא) למעני אעשה,אמר רבי אלכסנדרי רבי יהושע בן לוי רמי כתיב (ישעיהו ס, כב) בעתה וכתיב אחישנה זכו אחישנה לא זכו בעתה,אמר רבי אלכסנדרי רבי יהושע בן לוי רמי כתיב (דניאל ז, יג) וארו עם ענני שמיא כבר אינש אתה וכתיב (זכריה ט, ט) עני ורוכב על חמור זכו עם ענני שמיא לא זכו עני רוכב על חמור,אמר ליה שבור מלכא לשמואל אמריתו משיח על חמרא אתי אישדר ליה סוסיא ברקא דאית לי אמר ליה מי אית לך בר חיור גווני,ר' יהושע בן לוי אשכח לאליהו דהוי קיימי אפיתחא דמערתא דרבי שמעון בן יוחאי אמר ליה אתינא לעלמא דאתי אמר ליה אם ירצה אדון הזה אמר רבי יהושע בן לוי שנים ראיתי וקול ג' שמעתי,אמר ליה אימת אתי משיח אמר ליה זיל שייליה לדידיה והיכא יתיב אפיתחא דקרתא ומאי סימניה יתיב ביני עניי סובלי חלאים וכולן שרו ואסירי בחד זימנא איהו שרי חד ואסיר חד אמר דילמא מבעינא דלא איעכב,אזל לגביה אמר ליה שלום עליך רבי ומורי אמר ליה שלום עליך בר ליואי א"ל לאימת אתי מר א"ל היום אתא לגבי אליהו א"ל מאי אמר לך א"ל שלום עליך בר ליואי א"ל אבטחך לך ולאבוך לעלמא דאתי א"ל שקורי קא שקר בי דאמר לי היום אתינא ולא אתא א"ל הכי אמר לך (תהלים צה, ז) היום אם בקולו תשמעו,שאלו תלמידיו את רבי יוסי בן קיסמא אימתי בן דוד בא אמר מתיירא אני שמא תבקשו ממני אות אמרו לו אין אנו מבקשין ממך אות,א"ל לכשיפול השער הזה ויבנה ויפול ויבנה ויפול ואין מספיקין לבנותו עד שבן דוד בא אמרו לו רבינו תן לנו אות אמר להם ולא כך אמרתם לי שאין אתם מבקשין ממני אות,אמרו לו ואף על פי כן אמר להם אם כך יהפכו מי מערת פמייס לדם ונהפכו לדם,בשעת פטירתו אמר להן העמיקו לי ארוני | 98a. bKings shall see and arise, princes shall prostrate themselves,because of the Lord, Who is faithful, and the Holy One of Israel, Who has chosen you” (Isaiah 49:7), indicating that redemption will come independent of repentance?, bRabbi Eliezer said to him: But isn’t it already stated: “If you will return, Israel, says the Lord, return to Me”(Jeremiah 4:1), indicating that redemption is contingent upon repentance? bRabbi Yehoshua said to him: But isn’t it already stated: “And I heard the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, when he lifted up his right hand and his left hand to heaven and swore by the One Who lives forever that it shall be for a period, periods, and a half; when the crushing of the power of the holy people shall have been completed, all thesethings shall be finished” (Daniel 12:7), indicating that the time for redemption is set and unrelated to repentance? bAnd Rabbi Eliezer was silent,unable to refute the proof from that verse.,§ bAnd Rabbi Abba says: You have nomore bexplicitmanifestation of the bendof days bthan thisfollowing phenomenon, bas it is stated: “But you, mountains of Israel, you shall give your branches, and yield your fruit to My people of Israel,for they will soon be coming” (Ezekiel 36:8). When produce will grow in abundance in Eretz Yisrael, it is an indication that the Messiah will be coming soon. bRabbi Eliezer says:You have no greater manifestation of the end of days bthan thisfollowing phenomenon bas well, as it is stated: “For before these days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for beast; nor was there peace from the oppressor to him who exits and to him who enters”(Zechariah 8:10). When there are no wages for work and no rent paid for use of one’s animal, that is an indication that the coming of the Messiah is at hand.,The Gemara asks: bWhatis the meaning of the phrase: b“Nor was there peace from the oppressor to him who exits and to him who enters”? Rav says:It means that bevenfor bTorah scholars, with regard to whomthe promise of bpeace is written, as it is written: “Great peace have they who love Your Torah;and there is no obstacle for them” (Psalms 119:165), bthere will be no peace from the oppressor. And Shmuel says:It means that the Messiah will not come buntil all the prices are equal. /b, bRabbi Ḥanina says: The son of David will not come until a fish will be sought for an ill person and will not be found, as it is statedwith regard to the downfall of Egypt: b“Then I will make their waters clear and cause their rivers to run like oil”(Ezekiel 32:14), meaning that the current in the rivers will come to a virtual standstill. bAnd it is written thereafter: “On that day I will cause the glory of the house of Israel to flourish”(Ezekiel 29:21)., bRabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina says: The son of David will not come until the contemptuous [ ihazalla /i] kingdomof Rome bwill cease from the Jewish people, as it is stated: “And He shall sever the sprigs [ ihazalzallim /i] with pruning hooks”(Isaiah 18:5). bAnd it is written thereafter: “At that time shall a present be brought to the Lord of hosts, by a people scattered and hairless”(Isaiah 18:7)., bZe’eiri saysthat bRabbi Ḥanina says: The son of David will not come until the arrogant will ceaseto exist bfromamong bthe Jewish people, as it is stated: “For then I will remove from your midst your proudly exulting ones”(Zephaniah 3:11), band it is writtenafterward: b“And I will leave in your midst a poor and lowly people, and they shall take refuge in the name of the Lord”(Zephaniah 3:12)., bRabbi Simlai says in the name of Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon: The son of David will not come until all the judges and officers will ceaseto exist bfromamong bthe Jewish people,and there will be no more autonomous government in Eretz Yisrael, bas it is stated: “And I will turn My hand against you and purge away your dross as with lyeand take away your base alloy. bAnd I will restore your judgesas at the first” (Isaiah 1:25–26)., bUlla says: Jerusalem is redeemed only by means of righteousness, as it is stated: “Zion shall be redeemed with justice and those who return to it with righteousness”(Isaiah 1:27). bRav Pappa says: If the arrogant will ceaseto exist, bthePersian bsorcerers will ceaseto exist as well. bIf thedeceitful bjudgeswill bceaseto exist, bthe royal officers [ igazirpatei /i]and taskmasters bwill ceaseto exist. Rav Pappa elaborates: bIf the arrogant will cease, thePersian bsorcerers will cease, as it is written: “And I will purge away your dross [ isigayikh /i] as with lye, and I will remove all your alloy [ ibedilayikh /i].”When the arrogant [ isigim /i] are purged, the sorcerers, who are separated [ imuvdalim /i] from the fear of God, will also cease. bAnd if thedeceitful bjudges ceaseto exist, bthe royal officersand taskmasters bwill ceaseto exist, bas it is written: “The Lord has removed your judgments; cast out your enemy”(Zephaniah 3:15)., bRabbi Yoḥa says: If you saw a generation whosewisdom and Torah study bis steadily diminishing, awaitthe coming of the Messiah, bas it is stated: “And the afflicted people You will redeem”(II Samuel 22:28). bRabbi Yoḥa says: If you saw a generationwhose btroubles inundate it like a river, awaitthe coming of the Messiah, bas it is stated: “When distress will come like a river that the breath of the Lord drives”(Isaiah 59:19). bAnd juxtaposed to itis the verse: b“And a redeemer will come to Zion”(Isaiah 59:20)., bAnd Rabbi Yoḥa says: The son of David will come only in a generation that is entirely innocent,in which case they will be deserving of redemption, borin a generation that is bentirely guilty,in which case there will be no alternative to redemption. He may come bin a generation that is entirely innocent, as it is written: “And your people also shall be all righteous; they shall inherit the land forever”(Isaiah 60:21). He may come bin a generation that is entirely guilty, as it is written: “And He saw that there was no man, and was astonished that there was no intercessor;therefore His arm brought salvation to Him, and His righteousness, it sustained Him” (Isaiah 59:16). bAnd it is written:“For My own sake, bfor My own sake will I do it;for how should it be profaned? And My glory I will not give it to another” (Isaiah 48:11).,§ bRabbi Alexandri says: Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi raises a contradictionin a verse addressing God’s commitment to redeem the Jewish people. In the verse: “I the Lord in its time I will hasten it” (Isaiah 60:22), bit is written: “In its time,”indicating that there is a designated time for the redemption, band it is written: “I will hasten it,”indicating that there is no set time for the redemption. Rabbi Alexandri explains: bIf they meritredemption through repentance and good deeds bI will hastenthe coming of the Messiah. bIf they do not meritredemption, the coming of the Messiah will be bin itsdesignated btime. /b, bRabbi Alexandri says: Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi raises a contradictionbetween two depictions of the coming of the Messiah. bIt is written: “There came with the clouds of heaven, one like unto a son of man… /band there was given him dominion and glory and a kingdom…his dominion is an everlasting dominion” (Daniel 7:13–14). bAnd it is written:“Behold, your king will come to you; he is just and victorious; blowly and riding upon a donkeyand upon a colt, the foal of a donkey” (Zechariah 9:9). Rabbi Alexandri explains: bIfthe Jewish people bmeritredemption, the Messiah will come in a miraculous manner bwith the clouds of heaven. If they do not meritredemption, the Messiah will come blowly and riding upon a donkey. /b, bKing Shapurof Persia bsaid to Shmuelmockingly: bYou saythat the bMessiahwill bcome on a donkey; I will send him the riding [ ibarka /i] horse that I have.Shmuel bsaid to him: Do you havea horse bwith one thousand colors [ ibar ḥivar gavanei /i]like the donkey of the Messiah? Certainly his donkey will be miraculous., bRabbi Yehoshua ben Levi found Elijahthe prophet, bwho was standing at the entrance of theburial bcave of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai.Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi bsaid to him: Will Ibe privileged to bcome to the World-to-Come?Elijah bsaid to him: If this Master,the Holy One, Blessed be He, bwill wishit so. bRabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says: Two I saw,Elijah and me, band the voice of three I heard,as the Divine Presence was also there, and it was in reference to Him that Elijah said: If this Master will wish it so.,Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi bsaid toElijah: bWhenwill the bMessiah come?Elijah bsaid to him: Go ask him.Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi asked: bAnd where is he sitting?Elijah said to him: bAt the entrance ofthe city of bRome.Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi asked him: bAnd what is hisidentifying bsignby means of which I can recognize him? Elijah answered: bHe sits among the poor who suffer from illnesses. And all of them untietheir bandages band tiethem all bat once,but the Messiah bunties onebandage band ties oneat a time. bHe says: Perhaps I will be neededto serve to bring about the redemption. Therefore, I will never tie more than one bandage, so bthat I will not be delayed. /b,Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi bwent tothe Messiah. bHe said tothe Messiah: bGreetings to you, my rabbi and my teacher.The Messiah bsaid to him: Greetings to you, bar Leva’i.Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi bsaid to him: When will the Master come?The Messiah bsaid to him: Today.Sometime later, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi bcame to Elijah.Elijah bsaid to him: What didthe Messiah bsay to you? He said toElijah that the Messiah said: bGreetings [ ishalom /i] to you, bar Leva’i.Elijah bsaid to him:He thereby bguaranteedthat byou and your fatherwill enter bthe World-to-Come,as he greeted you with ishalom /i. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi bsaid toElijah: The Messiah blied to me, as he said to me: I am coming today, and he did not come.Elijah bsaid to himthat bthisis what bhe said to you:He said that he will come b“today, if you will listen to his voice”(Psalms 95:7).,§ bRabbi Yosei ben Kisma’s students asked him: When will the son of David come?Rabbi Yosei ben Kisma bsaid: I am hesitantto answer you, blest you request from me a signto corroborate my statement. bThey said to him: We are not asking you for a sign. /b,Rabbi Yosei ben Kisma bsaid to them:You will see bwhen thisexisting bgateof Rome bfalls and will be rebuilt, and will falla second time band will be rebuilt, and will falla third time. bAnd they will not manage to rebuild it until the son of David comes.The students bsaid to him: Our rabbi, give us a sign.Rabbi Yosei ben Kisma bsaid to them: But didn’t you say to me that you are not asking me for a sign? /b, bThey said to him: And nevertheless,provide us with a sign. Rabbi Yosei ben Kisma bsaid to them: If it isas I say, bthe water of the Cave of Pamyas will be transformed into blood.The Gemara relates: bAndit bwas transformed into blood. /b, bAt the time of his death,Rabbi Yosei ben Kisma bsaid tohis students: bPlace my coffin deepin the ground |
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39. Babylonian Talmud, Sotah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
| 13a. ואומרת עתידה אמי שתלד בן שמושיע את ישראל וכיון שנולד משה נתמלא כל הבית כולה אור עמד אביה ונשקה על ראשה אמר לה בתי נתקיימה נבואתיך וכיון שהטילוהו ליאור עמד אביה וטפחה על ראשה אמר לה בתי היכן נבואתיך והיינו דכתיב (שמות ב, ד) ותתצב אחותו מרחוק לדעה מה יעשה לו לידע מה יהא בסוף נבואתה,יוסף זכה וכו' מאי שנא מעיקרא דכתיב (בראשית נ, ז) ויעל יוסף לקבור את אביו ויעלו אתו כל עבדי פרעה וגו' והדר (בראשית נ, ח) וכל בית יוסף ואחיו ובית אביו ומאי שנא לבסוף דכתיב (בראשית נ, יד) וישב יוסף מצרימה הוא ואחיו והדר וכל העולים אתו לקבור את אביו,א"ר יוחנן בתחילה עד שלא ראו בכבודן של ישראל לא נהגו בהן כבוד ולבסוף שראו בכבודן נהגו בהן כבוד,דכתיב (בראשית נ, י) ויבאו עד גורן האטד וכי גורן יש לו לאטד א"ר אבהו מלמד שהקיפוהו כתרים לארונו של יעקב כגורן זה שמקיפים לו אטד שבאו בני עשו ובני ישמעאל ובני קטורה,תנא כולם למלחמה באו כיון שראו כתרו של יוסף תלוי בארונו של יעקב נטלו כולן כתריהן ותלאום בארונו של יעקב תנא שלשים וששה כתרים נתלו בארונו של יעקב,(בראשית נ, י) ויספדו שם מספד גדול וכבד מאד תנא אפי' סוסים ואפילו חמורים,(מאילו מאילו) כיון שהגיעו למערת המכפלה אתא עשו קא מעכב אמר להן (בראשית לה, כז) ממרא קרית הארבע היא חברון ואמר רבי יצחק קרית ארבע ארבע זוגות היו אדם וחוה אברהם ושרה יצחק ורבקה יעקב ולאה איהו קברה ללאה בדידיה והאי דפייש דידי הוא,אמרו ליה זבינתה אמר להו נהי דזביני בכירותא פשיטותא מי זביני אמרו ליה אין דכתיב (בראשית נ, ה) בקברי אשר כריתי לי וא"ר יוחנן משום ר"ש בן יהוצדק אין כירה אלא לשון מכירה שכן בכרכי הים קורין למכירה כירה,אמר להו הבו לי איגרתא אמרו ליה איגרתא בארעא דמצרים היא ומאן ניזיל ניזיל נפתלי דקליל כי איילתא דכתיב (בראשית מט, כא) נפתלי אילה שלוחה הנותן אמרי שפר א"ר אבהו אל תקרי אמרי שפר אלא אמרי ספר,חושים בריה דדן תמן הוה ויקירן ליה אודניה אמר להו מאי האי ואמרו ליה קא מעכב האי עד דאתי נפתלי מארעא דמצרים אמר להו ועד דאתי נפתלי מארעא דמצרים יהא אבי אבא מוטל בבזיון שקל קולפא מחייה ארישיה נתרן עיניה ונפלו אכרעא דיעקב פתחינהו יעקב לעיניה ואחיך והיינו דכתיב (תהלים נח, יא) ישמח צדיק כי חזה נקם פעמיו ירחץ בדם הרשע,באותה שעה נתקיימה נבואתה של רבקה דכתיב (בראשית כז, מה) למה אשכל גם שניכם יום אחד ואע"ג דמיתתן לא ביום אחד הואי קבורתן מיהא ביום אחד הואי,ואי לא עסק ביה יוסף אחיו לא הוו מעסקי ביה והכתיב (בראשית נ, יג) וישאו אותו בניו ארצה כנען אמרו הניחו לו כבודו במלכים יותר מבהדיוטות,מי לנו גדול מיוסף כו' ת"ר בא וראה כמה חביבות מצות על משה רבינו שכל ישראל כולן נתעסקו בביזה והוא נתעסק במצות שנאמר (משלי י, ח) חכם לב יקח מצות וגו',ומנין היה יודע משה רבינו היכן יוסף קבור אמרו סרח בת אשר נשתיירה מאותו הדור הלך משה אצלה אמר לה כלום את יודעת היכן יוסף קבור אמרה לו ארון של מתכת עשו לו מצרים וקבעוהו בנילוס הנהר כדי שיתברכו מימיו הלך משה ועמד על שפת נילוס אמר לו יוסף יוסף הגיע העת שנשבע הקב"ה שאני גואל אתכם והגיעה השבועה שהשבעת את ישראל אם אתה מראה עצמך מוטב אם לאו הרי אנו מנוקין משבועתך מיד צף ארונו של יוסף,ואל תתמה היאך ברזל צף שהרי כתיב (מלכים ב ו, ה) ויהי האחד מפיל הקורה ואת הברזל נפל אל המים וגו' אהה אדוני והוא שאול ויאמר איש האלהים אנה נפל ויראהו את המקום ויקצב עץ וישלך שמה ויצף הברזל והלא דברים ק"ו ומה אלישע תלמידו של אליהו ואליהו תלמידו של משה צף ברזל מפניו מפני משה רבינו על אחת כמה וכמה,רבי נתן אומר בקברניט של מלכים היה קבור הלך משה ועמד על קברניט של מלכים אמר יוסף הגיע עת שנשבע הקב"ה שאני גואל אתכם והגיעה שבועה שהשבעת את ישראל אם אתה מראה עצמך מוטב ואם לאו הרי אנו מנוקין משבועתך באותה שעה נזדעזע ארונו של יוסף נטלו משה והביאו אצלו,וכל אותן שנים שהיו ישראל במדבר היו שני ארונות הללו אחד של מת ואחד של שכינה מהלכין זה עם זה והיו עוברין ושבין אומרים מה טיבן של שני ארונות הללו אמרו אחד של מת ואחד של שכינה וכי מה דרכו של מת להלך עם שכינה אמרו | 13a. bAndas a child Miriam bwould say: In the future, my mother will give birth to a son who will save the Jewish people. And once Moses was born, the entire house was filled with light. Her father arose and kissed her on her head. He said to her: My daughter, your prophecy has been fulfilled. And once they put him into the river, her father arose and hit her on her head. He said to her: My daughter, where is your prophecy? And this is as it is written: “And his sister stood afar off, to know what would be done to him”(Exodus 2:4), i.e., bto know what will be the ultimateresolution bof her prophecy. /b,§ The mishna teaches: bJoseph meritedto bury his father, resulting in a display of great honor to his father. The Gemara begins its discussion of the burial of Jacob by asking: bWhat is different initially that it is written: “And Joseph went up to bury his father; and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh,the elders of his house, and all the elders of the land of Egypt” (Genesis 50:7), band afterwardit says in the following verse: b“And all the house of Joseph, and his brethren, and his father’s house;only their little ones, and their flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen” (Genesis 50:8), indicating that the brothers of Joseph were second in importance to the Egyptians? bAnd what is different at the end that it is written: “And Joseph returned into Egypt, he, and his brethren,” and afterwardit states: b“And all that went up with him to bury his father,after he had buried his father” (Genesis 50:14), placing the brothers before the Egyptians?, bRabbi Yoḥa says: Initially, beforethe Egyptians bsaw the honor of the Jewish people,as the Gemara will soon explain, bthey did not treat themwith bhonor,so the brothers were behind the servants of Pharaoh. bAnd in the end, when they saw their honor, they treatedthe brothers with bhonor. /b,The Gemara explains what honor was accorded to the family of Jacob: bAs it is written: “And they came to the threshing floor of Atad,which is beyond the Jordan, and there they wailed with a very great and sore wailing; and he made a mourning for his father seven days” (Genesis 50:10). The word atad is the name of the boxthorn bush. bAnd does a boxthornbush bhave a threshing floor?Thorns are not collected and eaten. bRabbi Abbahu says:This bteaches that they surrounded the casket of Jacob with crowns, like this threshing floor that is surrounded with boxthorns, because the children of Esau and the children of Ishmael and the children of Keturahall bcameto the burial of Jacob.,A Sage btaught:Initially, bthey all came towage bwarwith the family of Jacob, but bonce they saw the crown of Joseph,the viceroy of Egypt, bhanging on the casket of Jacob, they all took their crowns and hung them on the casket of Jacob.A Sage btaught: Thirty-six crowns were hung on the casket of Jacob.This was the great honor accorded to the family of Jacob.,The Gemara continues its discussion of Jacob’s burial. The verse states: b“And there they wailed with a very great and sore wailing”(Genesis 50:10). It is btaught: Even horses and even donkeysparticipated in the mourning., bOnce they reached the Cave of Machpelah, Esau came and was preventing themfrom burying Jacob there. bHe said to them:It says: “And Jacob came unto Isaac his father to bMamre, to Kiryat Arba, the same is Hebron,where Abraham and Isaac sojourned” (Genesis 35:27). bAnd Rabbi Yitzḥak says:It is called bKiryat Arbabecause there bwere four couplesburied there: bAdam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebecca, Jacob and Leah.Esau said: Jacob bburied Leah in hisspot, band thespot bthat is remaining is mine. /b,The children of Jacob bsaid toEsau: bYou soldyour rights btoJacob. Esau bsaid to them: Though I sold the birthright, did Ialso bsellmy rights to the burial site as ban ordinarybrother? The brothers bsaid to him: Yes,you also sold to Jacob those rights, bas it is writtenthat Joseph stated: “My father made me swear, saying: Behold, I die; bin my grave that I have dug [ ikariti /i] for mein the land of Canaan, there shall you bury me” (Genesis 50:5). bAnd Rabbi Yoḥa says in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yehotzadak:The word ikira /iin the verse bis nothing otherthan ba term of a sale [ imekhira /i]sharing a similar root, bbecause in the cities overseas they call a sale ikira /i. /b,Esau bsaid to them: Bring the billof sale bto me,i.e., you can’t prove your claims. bThey said to him: The billof sale bis in the land of Egypt.They said: bAnd who will goto bring it? bNaphtali will go, for he is as fast as a doe, as it is written: “Naphtali is a doe let loose, he gives goodly words”(Genesis 49:21). bRabbi Abbahu says: Do not readit as “ bgoodly words [ iimrei shafer /i]”; rather,read it as iimrei sefer /i,i.e., the words of the book, as he returned to Egypt to retrieve the bill of sale.,The Gemara relates: bHushim, the son of Dan, was there and his ears were heavy,i.e., he was hard of hearing. bHe said to them: Whatis bthisthat is delaying the burial? bAnd they said to him: This one,Esau, bis preventingus from burying Jacob buntil Naphtali comesback bfrom the land of Egyptwith the bill of sale. bHe said to them: And until Naphtali comesback bfrom the land of Egypt willour bfather’s father lie in degradation? He took a club [ ikulepa /i] and hitEsau bon the head,and Esau’s beyes fell out and they fell on the legs of Jacob. Jacob opened his eyes and smiled. And this is that which is written: “The righteous shall rejoice when he sees the vengeance; he shall wash his feet in the blood of the wicked”(Psalms 58:11)., bAt that moment the prophecy of Rebecca was fulfilled, as it is writtenthat Rebecca said of Jacob and Esau: b“Why should I be bereaved of you both in one day?”(Genesis 27:45), as Rebecca foresaw that the future bereavement for both her sons would be on the same day. The Gemara comments: bAnd although their deaths were not on the same day, in any event their burials were on the same day,as Esau was killed and buried on the same day that Jacob was buried.,The Gemara returns to discuss the involvement of Joseph and his brothers in the burial of their father: bAnd if Joseph would not have dealt withthe burial of Jacob, bwould his brothers not have dealt with it? But isn’t it written: “For his sons carried him into the land of Canaan,and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah” (Genesis 50:13)? Since it is evident that the brothers were involved in the burial, why did they not deal with Jacob’s burial needs from the outset? The Gemara answers: bThey said: AllowJoseph to take care of it, because there is bmore honorfor our father to be prepared for burial bby royalty than by commonpeople b[ ihedyotot /i]. /b,§ It states further in the mishna: bWho, to us,had ba greaterburial bthan Joseph,as it was none other than Moses who involved himself in transporting his coffin. bThe Sages taughtin the iTosefta(4:6–7): bCome and see how beloved mitzvot are to Moses our teacher. As,at the time of the Exodus, ball the Jewish people were involved intaking bthe plunderfrom Egypt, band he was involved inthe performance of bmitzvot, as it is stated: “The wise in heart will take mitzvot”(Proverbs 10:8).,The Gemara asks: bAnd from where did Moses our teacher know where Joseph was buried?The Sages bsaid: Serah, the daughter of Asher, remained from that generationthat initially descended to Egypt with Jacob. bMoses went to herand bsaid to her: Do you know anythingabout bwhere Joseph is buried? She said to him: The Egyptians fashioned a metal casket for him and set it in the Nile [ iNilus /i] Riveras an augury bso that its water would be blessed. Moses went and stood on the bank of the Nile.He bsaid toJoseph: bJoseph, Joseph, the time has arrivedabout bwhich the Holy One, Blessed be He, took an oathsaying bthat I,i.e., God, bwill redeem you. Andthe time for fulfillment of bthe oath that you administered to the Jewish peoplethat they will bury you in Eretz Yisrael bhas arrived. If you show yourself,it is bgood,but bif not, we are clear from your oath. Immediately, the casket of Joseph floatedto the top of the water., bAnd do not wonder how ironcan bfloat, as it is writtenin the verses describing how Elisha was able to cause iron to float: b“But as one was felling a beam, the ax head fell into the water;and he cried, and said: bAlas, my master! For it was borrowed. And the man of God said: Where did it fall? And he showed him the place. And he cut down a stick, and cast it in there, and the iron floated up”(II Kings 6:5–6). bAnd arethese bmatters notinferred ia fortiori /i: And just as Elisha,who was a mere bstudent of Elijah, and Elijahwas a mere bstudent of Moses,as Elijah studied the Torah of Moses, was able to cause the bironto bfloat before him, all the more sowould it float bbefore Moses our teacherhimself.,The Gemara now presents a different version of where Joseph was buried. bRabbi Natan says:Joseph bwas buried in the crypt [ ikabbarnit /i] of kings. Moses went and stood by the crypt of kingsand bsaid: Joseph, the time has arrivedabout bwhich the Holy One, Blessed be He, took an oathsaying bthat: I will redeem you. Andthe time for fulfillment of bthe oath that you administered to the Jewish peoplethat they will bury you in Eretz Yisrael bhas arrived. If you show yourself,it is bgood, but if not, we are clear from your oath. At that moment, the casket of Joseph shookamong the caskets. bMoses took it and brought itover bto himself. /b, bAnd all those years that the Jewish people were in the wilderness, these two arks, onea casket bof a dead man,Joseph, band onethe Ark bof the Divine Presence,i.e., the Ark of the Covet, bwere traveling together, and passersby would say: What is the nature of these two arks? They saidto them: bOneis bof a dead person and oneis bof the Divine Presence.The passersby would ask: bAndin bwhatway is it bthe manner of a dead person to travel with the Divine Presence? They saidin response: |
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40. Anon., Exodus Rabbah, 8.1 (4th cent. CE - 9th cent. CE)
| 8.1. וַיְהִי בְּיוֹם דִּבֶּר ה' וגו' וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל משֶׁה רְאֵה נְתַתִּיךָ אֱלֹהִים לְפַרְעֹה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים כד, ז): שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם, שְׁלֹמֹה אָמַר הַפָּסוּק הַזֶּה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהִכְנִיס הָאָרוֹן לְבֵית קָדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים עָשָׂה אָרוֹן שֶׁל עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְפֶתַח בֵּית הַמִּקְדָשׁ הָיָה הַפֶּתַח שֶׁל עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת וְהָאָרוֹן שֶׁל עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת, וְאֵין עֲשָׂרָה אַמּוֹת יְכוֹלִין לְהִכָּנֵס בְּתוֹךְ עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת, וְעוֹד שֶׁהָיוּ טְעוּנִין בּוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּא לְהַכְנִיסוֹ לֹא הָיָה יָכוֹל, עָמַד שְׁלֹמֹה וְהָיָה מִתְבַּיֵּשׁ וְלֹא הָיָה יוֹדֵעַ מַה לַּעֲשׂוֹת, הִתְחִיל לְהִתְפַּלֵּל לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, מֶה עָשָׂה שְׁלֹמֹה אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה הָלַךְ וְהֵבִיא אֲרוֹנוֹ שֶׁל דָּוִד וְאָמַר (דברי הימים ב ו, מב): ה' אֱלֹהִים אַל תָּשֵׁב פְּנֵי מְשִׁיחֶךָ. אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חֶלְבּוֹ בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה חָיָה דָוִד, וְהַכֹּל מִמְךָ לִדְרשׁ, שֶׁכֵּן דָּוִד אוֹמֵר (תהלים ל, ד): ה' הֶעֱלִיתָ מִן שְׁאוֹל נַפְשִׁי חִיִּיתַנִּי מִיָּרְדִי בוֹר, וְהָיָה שְׁלֹמֹה אוֹמֵר רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָמִים עֲשֵׂה בִּזְכוּתוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברי הימים ב ו, מב): זָכְרָה לְחַסְדֵי דָוִיד עַבְדֶּךָ, מִיָּד נַעֲנָה, מַה כְּתִיב אַחֲרָיו (דברי הימים ב ו, ז, א): וּכְכַלּוֹת שְׁלֹמֹה לְהִתְפַּלֵּל וְהָאֵשׁ יָרְדָה מֵהַשָּׁמַיִם וַתֹּאכַל הָעֹלָה וְהַזְּבָחִים וּכְבוֹד ה' מָלֵא אֶת הַבָּיִת, וְרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ צוֹוַחַת וְאוֹמֶרֶת (קהלת ד, ב): וְשַׁבֵּחַ אֲנִי אֶת הַמֵּתִים שֶׁכְּבָר מֵתוּ מִן הַחַיִּים אֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה חַיִּים עֲדֶנָּה. הִתְחִיל שְׁלֹמֹה אוֹמֵר (תהלים כד, ז): שְׂאוּ שְׁעָרִים רָאשֵׁיכֶם וְהִנָּשְׂאוּ פִּתְחֵי עוֹלָם וְיָבוֹא מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד. אָמְרוּ לוֹ הַשְּׁעָרִים (תהלים כד, י): מִי הוּא זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד, אָמַר לָהֶם (תהלים כד, י): ה' צְבָאוֹת הוּא מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד סֶלָּה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם כֵּן מִיָּד שָׁכָכוּ, אִלּוּלֵי כֵן בִּקְּשׁוּ לָרֹץ אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ לַהֲמִיתוֹ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מִי הוּא זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד, לָמָּה קָרָא לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד, שֶׁהוּא חוֹלֵק כָּבוֹד לִירֵאָיו. כֵּיצַד, מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם אֵין רוֹכְבִין עַל סוּסוֹ, וְאֵין יוֹשְׁבִין עַל כִּסְאוֹ, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הוֹשִׁיב לִשְׁלֹמֹה עַל כִּסְאוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברי הימים א כט, כג): וַיֵּשֶׁב שְׁלֹמֹה עַל כִּסֵּא ה' לְמֶלֶךְ. וְהִרְכִּיב לְאֵלִיָּהוּ עַל סוּסוֹ. וּמַהוּ סוּסוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, סוּפָה וּסְעָרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (נחום א, ג): ה' בְּסוּפָה וּבִסְעָרָה דַרְכּוֹ וְעָנָן אֲבַק רַגְלָיו, וּכְתִיב (מלכים ב ב, יא): וַיַּעַל אֵלִיָּהוּ בַּסֳעָרָה הַשָּׁמָיִם. מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם אֵין מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בְּשַׁרְבִיטוֹ, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מָסַר שַׁרְבִיטוֹ לְמשֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ד, כ): וַיִּקַּח משֶׁה אֶת מַטֵּה הָאֱלֹהִים בְּיָדוֹ. מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם, אֵין לוֹבְשִׁין עֲטָרָה שֶׁלּוֹ, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עָתִיד לְהַלְבִּישׁ עֲטָרָה שֶׁלּוֹ לְמֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ. וּמַהוּ עֲטָרָה שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, כֶּתֶם פָּז, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שיר השירים ה, יא): רֹאשׁוֹ כֶּתֶם פָּז קְוֻצּוֹתָיו תַּלְתַּלִּים שְׁחוֹרוֹת כָּעוֹרֵב, וּכְתִיב (תהלים כא, ד): תָּשִׁית לְרֹאשׁוֹ עֲטֶרֶת פָּז. מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם, אֵין לוֹבְשִׁין לְבוּשׁוֹ, וְיִשְׂרָאֵל לוֹבְשִׁין לְבוּשׁוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. וּמַהוּ לְבוּשׁוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, עֹז, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים צג, א): לָבֵשׁ ה' עֹז הִתְאַזָּר, וּנְתָנוֹ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים כט, יא): ה' עֹז לְעַמּוֹ יִתֵּן ה' יְבָרֵךְ אֶת עַמּוֹ בַשָּׁלוֹם. מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם, אֵין נִקְרָאִין בִּשְׁמוֹ, קֵיסָר אֲגוּסְטָא. וְאִם נִקְרָאִין בִּשְׁמוֹ הָיוּ מְמִיתִין אוֹתוֹ, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא קָרָא לְמשֶׁה בִּשְׁמוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: רְאֵה נְתַתִּיךָ אֱלֹהִים לְפַרְעֹה. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמשֶׁה, פַּרְעֹה הָרָשָׁע עָשָׂה עַצְמוֹ אֱלוֹהַּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל כט, ג): לִי יְאוֹרִי וַאֲנִי עֲשִׂיתִנִּי, לְפִיכָךְ יִרְאֶה אוֹתְךָ וְיֹאמַר שֶׁזֶּה אֱלוֹהַּ. | |
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