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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database



6288
Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 64.3


וּמֵעוֹלָם לֹא־שָׁמְעוּ לֹא הֶאֱזִינוּ עַיִן לֹא־רָאָתָה אֱלֹהִים זוּלָתְךָ יַעֲשֶׂה לִמְחַכֵּה־לוֹ׃And whereof from of old men have not heard, nor perceived by the ear, neither hath the eye seen a God beside Thee, who worketh for him that waiteth for Him.


Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

26 results
1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 2.25 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

2.25. הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה אָחֵל תֵּת פַּחְדְּךָ וְיִרְאָתְךָ עַל־פְּנֵי הָעַמִּים תַּחַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָיִם אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁמְעוּן שִׁמְעֲךָ וְרָגְזוּ וְחָלוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ׃ 2.25. This day will I begin to put the dread of thee and the fear of thee upon the peoples that are under the whole heaven, who, when they hear the report of thee, shall tremble, and be in anguish because of thee.’"
2. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 2.3, 3.6, 22.8 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

2.3. וְלֹא־יָכְלָה עוֹד הַצְּפִינוֹ וַתִּקַּח־לוֹ תֵּבַת גֹּמֶא וַתַּחְמְרָה בַחֵמָר וּבַזָּפֶת וַתָּשֶׂם בָּהּ אֶת־הַיֶּלֶד וַתָּשֶׂם בַּסּוּף עַל־שְׂפַת הַיְאֹר׃ 3.6. וַיֹּאמֶר אָנֹכִי אֱלֹהֵי אָבִיךָ אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק וֵאלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב וַיַּסְתֵּר מֹשֶׁה פָּנָיו כִּי יָרֵא מֵהַבִּיט אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים׃ 22.8. עַל־כָּל־דְּבַר־פֶּשַׁע עַל־שׁוֹר עַל־חֲמוֹר עַל־שֶׂה עַל־שַׂלְמָה עַל־כָּל־אֲבֵדָה אֲשֶׁר יֹאמַר כִּי־הוּא זֶה עַד הָאֱלֹהִים יָבֹא דְּבַר־שְׁנֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר יַרְשִׁיעֻן אֱלֹהִים יְשַׁלֵּם שְׁנַיִם לְרֵעֵהוּ׃ 2.3. And when she could not longer hide him, she took for him an ark of bulrushes, and daubed it with slime and with pitch; and she put the child therein, and laid it in the flags by the river’s brink." 3.6. Moreover He said: ‘I am the God of thy father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ And Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look upon God." 22.8. For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, or for any manner of lost thing, whereof one saith: 'This is it,' the cause of both parties shall come before God; he whom God shall condemn shall pay double unto his neighbour."
3. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 1.14-1.16, 38.12-38.13 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

1.14. וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי מְאֹרֹת בִּרְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם לְהַבְדִּיל בֵּין הַיּוֹם וּבֵין הַלָּיְלָה וְהָיוּ לְאֹתֹת וּלְמוֹעֲדִים וּלְיָמִים וְשָׁנִים׃ 1.15. וְהָיוּ לִמְאוֹרֹת בִּרְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם לְהָאִיר עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְהִי־כֵן׃ 1.16. וַיַּעַשׂ אֱלֹהִים אֶת־שְׁנֵי הַמְּאֹרֹת הַגְּדֹלִים אֶת־הַמָּאוֹר הַגָּדֹל לְמֶמְשֶׁלֶת הַיּוֹם וְאֶת־הַמָּאוֹר הַקָּטֹן לְמֶמְשֶׁלֶת הַלַּיְלָה וְאֵת הַכּוֹכָבִים׃ 38.12. וַיִּרְבּוּ הַיָּמִים וַתָּמָת בַּת־שׁוּעַ אֵשֶׁת־יְהוּדָה וַיִּנָּחֶם יְהוּדָה וַיַּעַל עַל־גֹּזֲזֵי צֹאנוֹ הוּא וְחִירָה רֵעֵהוּ הָעֲדֻלָּמִי תִּמְנָתָה׃ 38.13. וַיֻּגַּד לְתָמָר לֵאמֹר הִנֵּה חָמִיךְ עֹלֶה תִמְנָתָה לָגֹז צֹאנוֹ׃ 1.14. And God said: ‘Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years;" 1.15. and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth.’ And it was so." 1.16. And God made the two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night; and the stars." 38.12. And in process of time Shua’s daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheep-shearers to Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite." 38.13. And it was told Tamar, saying: ‘Behold, thy father-in-law goeth up to Timnah to shear his sheep.’"
4. Hebrew Bible, Job, 37.6 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

37.6. כִּי לַשֶּׁלַג יֹאמַר הֱוֵא אָרֶץ וְגֶשֶׁם מָטָר וְגֶשֶׁם מִטְרוֹת עֻזּוֹ׃ 37.6. For He saith to the snow: ‘Fall thou on the earth’; Likewise to the shower of rain, and to the showers of His mighty rain."
5. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 5.19 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

5.19. אַיֶּלֶת אֲהָבִים וְיַעֲלַת־חֵן דַּדֶּיהָ יְרַוֻּךָ בְכָל־עֵת בְּאַהֲבָתָהּ תִּשְׁגֶּה תָמִיד׃ 5.19. A lovely hind and a graceful doe, Let her breasts satisfy thee at all times; With her love be thou ravished always."
6. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 106.3, 145.16 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

106.3. אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁפָּט עֹשֵׂה צְדָקָה בְכָל־עֵת׃ 106.3. וַיַּעֲמֹד פִּינְחָס וַיְפַלֵּל וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה׃ 145.16. פּוֹתֵחַ אֶת־יָדֶךָ וּמַשְׂבִּיעַ לְכָל־חַי רָצוֹן׃ 106.3. Happy are they that keep justice, that do righteousness at all times." 145.16. Thou openest Thy hand, And satisfiest every living thing with favour."
7. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 10.16, 11.1-11.5, 19.5, 29.14, 54.6, 54.12, 55.13, 63.19, 65.17 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

10.16. לָכֵן יְשַׁלַּח הָאָדוֹן יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת בְּמִשְׁמַנָּיו רָזוֹן וְתַחַת כְּבֹדוֹ יֵקַד יְקֹד כִּיקוֹד אֵשׁ׃ 11.1. וְיָצָא חֹטֶר מִגֵּזַע יִשָׁי וְנֵצֶר מִשָּׁרָשָׁיו יִפְרֶה׃ 11.1. וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא שֹׁרֶשׁ יִשַׁי אֲשֶׁר עֹמֵד לְנֵס עַמִּים אֵלָיו גּוֹיִם יִדְרֹשׁוּ וְהָיְתָה מְנֻחָתוֹ כָּבוֹד׃ 11.2. וְנָחָה עָלָיו רוּחַ יְהוָה רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה רוּחַ עֵצָה וּגְבוּרָה רוּחַ דַּעַת וְיִרְאַת יְהוָה׃ 11.3. וַהֲרִיחוֹ בְּיִרְאַת יְהוָה וְלֹא־לְמַרְאֵה עֵינָיו יִשְׁפּוֹט וְלֹא־לְמִשְׁמַע אָזְנָיו יוֹכִיחַ׃ 11.4. וְשָׁפַט בְּצֶדֶק דַּלִּים וְהוֹכִיחַ בְּמִישׁוֹר לְעַנְוֵי־אָרֶץ וְהִכָּה־אֶרֶץ בְּשֵׁבֶט פִּיו וּבְרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע׃ 11.5. וְהָיָה צֶדֶק אֵזוֹר מָתְנָיו וְהָאֱמוּנָה אֵזוֹר חֲלָצָיו׃ 19.5. וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּם וְנָהָר יֶחֱרַב וְיָבֵשׁ׃ 29.14. לָכֵן הִנְנִי יוֹסִף לְהַפְלִיא אֶת־הָעָם־הַזֶּה הַפְלֵא וָפֶלֶא וְאָבְדָה חָכְמַת חֲכָמָיו וּבִינַת נְבֹנָיו תִּסְתַּתָּר׃ 54.6. כִּי־כְאִשָּׁה עֲזוּבָה וַעֲצוּבַת רוּחַ קְרָאָךְ יְהוָה וְאֵשֶׁת נְעוּרִים כִּי תִמָּאֵס אָמַר אֱלֹהָיִךְ׃ 54.12. וְשַׂמְתִּי כַּדְכֹד שִׁמְשֹׁתַיִךְ וּשְׁעָרַיִךְ לְאַבְנֵי אֶקְדָּח וְכָל־גְּבוּלֵךְ לְאַבְנֵי־חֵפֶץ׃ 55.13. תַּחַת הַנַּעֲצוּץ יַעֲלֶה בְרוֹשׁ תחת [וְתַחַת] הַסִּרְפַּד יַעֲלֶה הֲדַס וְהָיָה לַיהוָה לְשֵׁם לְאוֹת עוֹלָם לֹא יִכָּרֵת׃ 63.19. הָיִינוּ מֵעוֹלָם לֹא־מָשַׁלְתָּ בָּם לֹא־נִקְרָא שִׁמְךָ עֲלֵיהֶם לוּא־קָרַעְתָּ שָׁמַיִם יָרַדְתָּ מִפָּנֶיךָ הָרִים נָזֹלּוּ׃ 65.17. כִּי־הִנְנִי בוֹרֵא שָׁמַיִם חֲדָשִׁים וָאָרֶץ חֲדָשָׁה וְלֹא תִזָּכַרְנָה הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת וְלֹא תַעֲלֶינָה עַל־לֵב׃ 10.16. Therefore will the Lord, the LORD of hosts, Send among his fat ones leanness; And under his glory there shall be kindled A burning like the burning of fire." 11.1. And there shall come forth a shoot out of the stock of Jesse, And a twig shall grow forth out of his roots." 11.2. And the spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him, The spirit of wisdom and understanding, The spirit of counsel and might, The spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD." 11.3. And his delight shall be in the fear of the LORD; And he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, Neither decide after the hearing of his ears;" 11.4. But with righteousness shall he judge the poor, And decide with equity for the meek of the land; And he shall smite the land with the rod of his mouth, And with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked." 11.5. And righteousness shall be the girdle of his loins, And faithfulness the girdle of his reins." 19.5. And the waters shall fail from the sea, and the river shall be drained dry," 29.14. Therefore, behold, I will again do a marvellous work among this people, even a marvellous work and a wonder; and the wisdom of their wise men shall perish, and the prudence of their prudent men shall be hid." 54.6. For the LORD hath called thee As a wife forsaken and grieved in spirit; And a wife of youth, can she be rejected? Saith thy God." 54.12. And I will make thy pinnacles of rubies, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy border of precious stones." 55.13. Instead of the thorn shall come up the cypress, And instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle; And it shall be to the LORD for a memorial, For an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off." 63.19. We are become as they over whom Thou never borest rule, As they that were not called by Thy name. Oh, that Thou wouldest rend the heavens, that Thou wouldest come down, That the mountains might quake at Thy presence," 65.17. For, behold, I create new heavens And a new earth; And the former things shall not be remembered, Nor come into mind. ."
8. Hebrew Bible, Jeremiah, 18.22 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

18.22. תִּשָּׁמַע זְעָקָה מִבָּתֵּיהֶם כִּי־תָבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם גְּדוּד פִּתְאֹם כִּי־כָרוּ שיחה [שׁוּחָה] לְלָכְדֵנִי וּפַחִים טָמְנוּ לְרַגְלָי׃ 18.22. Let a cry be heard from their houses, When thou shalt bring a troop suddenly upon them; For they have digged a pit to take me, And hid snares for my feet."
9. Hebrew Bible, Joshua, 10.12 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

10.12. אָז יְדַבֵּר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לַיהוָה בְּיוֹם תֵּת יְהוָה אֶת־הָאֱמֹרִי לִפְנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֹּאמֶר לְעֵינֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁמֶשׁ בְּגִבְעוֹן דּוֹם וְיָרֵחַ בְּעֵמֶק אַיָּלוֹן׃ 10.12. Then spoke Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel; and he said in the sight of Israel: ‘Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; And thou, Moon, in the valley of Aijalon.’"
10. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 9.4 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

9.4. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אלו [אֵלָיו] עֲבֹר בְּתוֹךְ הָעִיר בְּתוֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָם וְהִתְוִיתָ תָּו עַל־מִצְחוֹת הָאֲנָשִׁים הַנֶּאֱנָחִים וְהַנֶּאֱנָקִים עַל כָּל־הַתּוֹעֵבוֹת הַנַּעֲשׂוֹת בְּתוֹכָהּ׃ 9.4. And the LORD said unto him: ‘Go through the midst of the city, through the midst of Jerusalem, and set a mark upon the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry for all the abominations that are done in the midst thereof.’"
11. Hebrew Bible, Ezra, 7.19 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

7.19. וּמָאנַיָּא דִּי־מִתְיַהֲבִין לָךְ לְפָלְחָן בֵּית אֱלָהָךְ הַשְׁלֵם קֳדָם אֱלָהּ יְרוּשְׁלֶם׃ 7.19. And the vessels that are given thee for the service of the house of thy God, deliver thou before the God of Jerusalem."
12. Dead Sea Scrolls, Pesher On Habakkuk, 7 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

13. Dead Sea Scrolls, 1Qha, 9.12-9.15 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

14. Hebrew Bible, Daniel, 1.6, 2.19 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

1.6. וַיְהִי בָהֶם מִבְּנֵי יְהוּדָה דָּנִיֵּאל חֲנַנְיָה מִישָׁאֵל וַעֲזַרְיָה׃ 2.19. אֱדַיִן לְדָנִיֵּאל בְּחֶזְוָא דִי־לֵילְיָא רָזָה גֲלִי אֱדַיִן דָּנִיֵּאל בָּרִךְ לֶאֱלָהּ שְׁמַיָּא׃ 1.6. Now among these were, of the children of Judah, Daniel, Haiah, Mishael, and Azariah." 2.19. Then was the secret revealed unto Daniel in a vision of the night. Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven."
15. Septuagint, Judith, 5.17, 13.20 (2nd cent. BCE - 0th cent. CE)

5.17. As long as they did not sin against their God they prospered, for the God who hates iniquity is with them. 13.20. May God grant this to be a perpetual honor to you, and may he visit you with blessings, because you did not spare your own life when our nation was brought low, but have avenged our ruin, walking in the straight path before our God." And all the people said, "So be it, so be it!
16. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 1.19, 1.26-1.28, 2.1-2.10, 4.1, 10.1-10.13 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

1.19. For it is written,"I will destroy the wisdom of the wise,I will bring the discernment of the discerning to nothing. 1.26. For you seeyour calling, brothers, that not many are wise according to the flesh,not many mighty, and not many noble; 1.27. but God chose the foolishthings of the world that he might put to shame those who are wise. Godchose the weak things of the world, that he might put to shame thethings that are strong; 1.28. and God chose the lowly things of theworld, and the things that are despised, and the things that are not,that he might bring to nothing the things that are: 2.1. When I came to you, brothers, I didn't come with excellence ofspeech or of wisdom, proclaiming to you the testimony of God. 2.2. ForI determined not to know anything among you, except Jesus Christ, andhim crucified. 2.3. I was with you in weakness, in fear, and in muchtrembling. 2.4. My speech and my preaching were not in persuasivewords of human wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power 2.5. that your faith wouldn't stand in the wisdom of men, but in thepower of God. 2.6. We speak wisdom, however, among those who are fullgrown; yet a wisdom not of this world, nor of the rulers of this world,who are coming to nothing. 2.7. But we speak God's wisdom in amystery, the wisdom that has been hidden, which God foreordained beforethe worlds to our glory 2.8. which none of the rulers of this worldhas known. For had they known it, they wouldn't have crucified the Lordof glory. 2.9. But as it is written,"Things which an eye didn't see, and an ear didn't hear,Which didn't enter into the heart of man,These God has prepared for those who love him. 2.10. But to us, God revealed them through the Spirit. For theSpirit searches all things, yes, the deep things of God. 4.1. So let a man think of us as Christ's servants, and stewards ofGod's mysteries. 10.1. Now I would not have you ignorant, brothers, that our fatherswere all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; 10.2. andwere all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea; 10.3. andall ate the same spiritual food; 10.4. and all drank the samespiritual drink. For they drank of a spiritual rock that followed them,and the rock was Christ. 10.5. However with most of them, God was notwell pleased, for they were overthrown in the wilderness. 10.6. Nowthese things were our examples, to the intent we should not lust afterevil things, as they also lusted. 10.7. Neither be idolaters, as someof them were. As it is written, "The people sat down to eat and drink,and rose up to play. 10.8. Neither let us commit sexual immorality,as some of them committed, and in one day twenty-three thousand fell. 10.9. Neither let us test the Lord, as some of them tested, andperished by the serpents. 10.10. Neither grumble, as some of them alsogrumbled, and perished by the destroyer. 10.11. Now all these thingshappened to them by way of example, and they were written for ouradmonition, on whom the ends of the ages have come. 10.12. Thereforelet him who thinks he stands be careful that he doesn't fall. 10.13. No temptation has taken you but such as man can bear. God isfaithful, who will not allow you to be tempted above what you are able,but will with the temptation also make the way of escape, that you maybe able to endure it.
17. New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 12.1-12.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

18. New Testament, 2 Thessalonians, 2.7 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.7. For the mystery of lawlessness already works. Only there is one who restrains now, until he is taken out of the way.
19. New Testament, Apocalypse, 8.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

8.4. The smoke of the incense, with the prayers of the saints, went up before God out of the angel's hand.
20. Anon., Genesis Rabba, 12.10 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

21. Babylonian Talmud, Berachot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)

34b. כהן גדול בסוף כל ברכה וברכה והמלך תחלת כל ברכה וברכה וסוף כל ברכה וברכה,אמר רבי יצחק בר נחמני לדידי מפרשא לי מיניה דריב"ל הדיוט כמו שאמרנו כהן גדול תחלת כל ברכה וברכה המלך כיון שכרע שוב אינו זוקף שנאמר (מלכים א ח, נד) ויהי ככלות שלמה להתפלל וגו' קם מלפני מזבח ה' מכרוע על ברכיו:,ת"ר קידה על אפים שנאמר (מלכים א א, לא) ותקד בת שבע אפים ארץ כריעה על ברכים שנאמר מכרוע על ברכיו השתחואה זו פשוט ידים ורגלים שנאמר (בראשית לז, י) הבא נבא אני ואמך ואחיך להשתחות לך ארצה,אמר רב חייא בריה דרב הונא חזינא להו לאביי ורבא דמצלו אצלויי,תני חדא הכורע בהודאה הרי זה משובח ותניא אידך הרי זה מגונה,לא קשיא הא בתחלה הא לבסוף,רבא כרע בהודאה תחלה וסוף אמרי ליה רבנן אמאי קא עביד מר הכי אמר להו חזינא לרב נחמן דכרע וחזינא ליה לרב ששת דקא עבד הכי,והתניא הכורע בהודאה הרי זה מגונה,ההיא בהודאה שבהלל,והתניא הכורע בהודאה ובהודאה של הלל הרי זה מגונה,כי תניא ההיא בהודאה דברכת המזון:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big המתפלל וטעה סימן רע לו ואם שליח צבור הוא סימן רע לשולחיו מפני ששלוחו של אדם כמותו אמרו עליו על ר' חנינא בן דוסא שהיה מתפלל על החולים ואומר זה חי וזה מת אמרו לו מנין אתה יודע אמר להם אם שגורה תפלתי בפי יודע אני שהוא מקובל ואם לאו יודע אני שהוא מטורף:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big אהייא,א"ר חייא אמר רב ספרא משום חד דבי רבי באבות,איכא דמתני לה אברייתא המתפלל צריך שיכוין את לבו בכולן ואם אינו יכול לכוין בכולן יכוין את לבו באחת,א"ר חייא אמר רב ספרא משום חד דבי רבי באבות,אמרו עליו על רבי חנינא וכו': מנא הני מילי א"ר יהושע בן לוי דאמר קרא (ישעיהו נז, יט) בורא ניב שפתים שלום שלום לרחוק ולקרוב אמר ה' ורפאתיו,א"ר חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן כל הנביאים כולן לא נתנבאו אלא למשיא בתו לתלמיד חכם ולעושה פרקמטיא לת"ח ולמהנה ת"ח מנכסיו אבל תלמידי חכמים עצמן (ישעיהו סד, ג) עין לא ראתה אלהים זולתך יעשה למחכה לו,ואמר רבי חייא בר אבא אמר רבי יוחנן כל הנביאים כולן לא נתנבאו אלא לימות המשיח אבל לעולם הבא עין לא ראתה אלהים זולתך,ופליגא דשמואל דאמר שמואל אין בין העוה"ז לימות המשיח אלא שעבוד מלכיות בלבד שנאמר (דברים טו, יא) כי לא יחדל אביון מקרב הארץ,וא"ר חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן כל הנביאים כולן לא נתנבאו אלא לבעלי תשובה אבל צדיקים גמורים עין לא ראתה אלהים זולתך,ופליגא דר' אבהו דא"ר אבהו מקום שבעלי תשובה עומדין צדיקים גמורים אינם עומדין שנאמר (ישעיהו נז, יט) שלום שלום לרחוק ולקרוב לרחוק ברישא והדר לקרוב,ורבי יוחנן אמר לך מאי רחוק שהיה רחוק מדבר עבירה מעיקרא ומאי קרוב שהיה קרוב לדבר עבירה ונתרחק ממנו השתא,מאי עין לא ראתה אמר רבי יהושע בן לוי זה יין המשומר בענביו מששת ימי בראשית רבי שמואל בר נחמני אמר זה עדן שלא שלטה בו עין כל בריה,שמא תאמר אדם הראשון היכן היה בגן,ושמא תאמר הוא גן הוא עדן תלמוד לומר (בראשית ב, י) ונהר יוצא מעדן להשקות את הגן גן לחוד ועדן לחוד:,ת"ר מעשה שחלה בנו של ר"ג שגר שני ת"ח אצל רבי חנינא בן דוסא לבקש עליו רחמים כיון שראה אותם עלה לעלייה ובקש עליו רחמים בירידתו אמר להם לכו שחלצתו חמה אמרו לו וכי נביא אתה אמר להן לא נביא אנכי ולא בן נביא אנכי אלא כך מקובלני אם שגורה תפלתי בפי יודע אני שהוא מקובל ואם לאו יודע אני שהוא מטורף ישבו וכתבו וכוונו אותה שעה וכשבאו אצל ר"ג אמר להן העבודה לא חסרתם ולא הותרתם אלא כך היה מעשה באותה שעה חלצתו חמה ושאל לנו מים לשתות,ושוב מעשה ברבי חנינא בן דוסא שהלך ללמוד תורה אצל ר' יוחנן בן זכאי וחלה בנו של ריב"ז אמר לו חנינא בני בקש עליו רחמים ויחיה הניח ראשו בין ברכיו ובקש עליו רחמים וחיה אמר רבי יוחנן בן זכאי אלמלי הטיח בן זכאי את ראשו בין ברכיו כל היום כולו לא היו משגיחים עליו אמרה לו אשתו וכי חנינא גדול ממך אמר לה לאו אלא הוא דומה כעבד לפני המלך ואני דומה כשר לפני המלך:,ואמר רבי חייא בר אבא אמר רבי יוחנן אל יתפלל אדם אלא בבית שיש שם חלונות שנאמר (דניאל ו, יא) וכוין פתיחן ליה בעליתיה (לקבל) [נגד],ירושלם אמר רב כהנא חציף עלי מאן דמצלי בבקתא,ואמר רב כהנא חציף עלי מאן דמפרש חטאיה שנאמר (תהלים לב, א) אשרי נשוי פשע כסוי חטאה:, br br big strongהדרן עלך אין עומדין /strong /big br br
22. Babylonian Talmud, Hagigah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)

5b. אינו מהם אמרו ליה רבנן לרבא מר לא בהסתר פנים איתיה ולא בוהיה לאכול איתיה אמר להו מי ידעיתו כמה משדרנא בצנעא בי שבור מלכא אפי' הכי יהבו ביה רבנן עינייהו אדהכי שדור דבי שבור מלכא וגרבוהו אמר היינו דתניא אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל כל מקום שנתנו חכמים עיניהם או מיתה או עוני,(דברים לא, יח) ואנכי הסתר אסתיר פני ביום ההוא אמר רבא אמר הקב"ה אף על פי שהסתרתי פני מהם בחלום אדבר בו רב יוסף אמר ידו נטויה עלינו שנאמר (ישעיהו נא, טז) ובצל ידי כסיתיך,ר' יהושע בן חנניה הוה קאי בי קיסר אחוי ליה ההוא אפיקורוסא עמא דאהדרינהו מריה לאפיה מיניה אחוי ליה ידו נטויה עלינו אמר ליה קיסר לר' יהושע מאי אחוי לך עמא דאהדרינהו מריה לאפיה מיניה ואנא מחוינא ליה ידו נטויה עלינו,אמרו ליה לההוא מינא מאי אחויית ליה עמא דאהדרינהו מריה מיניה ומאי אחוי לך לא ידענא אמרו גברא דלא ידע מאי מחוו ליה במחוג יחוי קמי מלכא אפקוהו וקטלוהו,כי קא ניחא נפשיה דרבי יהושע בן חנניה אמרו ליה רבנן מאי תיהוי עלן מאפיקורוסין אמר להם (ירמיהו מט, ז) אבדה עצה מבנים נסרחה חכמתם כיון שאבדה עצה מבנים נסרחה חכמתן של אומות העולם,ואי בעית אימא מהכא (בראשית לג, יב) ויאמר נסעה ונלכה ואלכה לנגדך,רבי אילא הוה סליק בדרגא דבי רבה בר שילא שמעיה לינוקא דהוה קא קרי (עמוס ד, יג) כי הנה יוצר הרים ובורא רוח ומגיד לאדם מה שיחו אמר עבד שרבו מגיד לו מה שיחו תקנה יש לו מאי מה שיחו אמר רב אפילו שיחה יתירה שבין איש לאשתו מגידים לו לאדם בשעת מיתה,איני והא רב כהנא הוה גני תותי פורייה דרב ושמעיה דסח וצחק ועשה צרכיו אמר דמי פומיה דרב כמאן דלא טעים ליה תבשילא אמר ליה כהנא פוק לאו אורח ארעא,לא קשיא כאן דצריך לרצויה הא דלא צריך לרצויה,(ירמיהו יג, יז) ואם לא תשמעוה במסתרים תבכה נפשי מפני גוה אמר רב שמואל בר איניא משמיה דרב מקום יש לו להקב"ה ומסתרים שמו מאי מפני גוה אמר רב שמואל בר יצחק מפני גאוותן של ישראל שניטלה מהם ונתנה לעובדי כוכבים ר' שמואל בר נחמני אמר מפני גאוותה של מלכות שמים,ומי איכא בכיה קמיה הקב"ה והאמר רב פפא אין עציבות לפני הקב"ה שנאמר (דברי הימים א טז, כז) הוד והדר לפניו עוז וחדוה במקומו לא קשיא הא בבתי גואי הא בבתי בראי,ובבתי בראי לא והא כתיב (ישעיהו כב, יב) ויקרא אדני ה' צבאות ביום ההוא לבכי ולמספד ולקרחה ולחגור שק שאני חרבן בית המקדש דאפילו מלאכי שלום בכו שנאמר (ישעיהו לג, ז) הן אראלם צעקו חוצה מלאכי שלום מר יבכיון:,(ירמיהו יג, יז) ודמע תדמע ותרד עיני דמעה כי נשבה עדר ה' אמר ר' אלעזר שלש דמעות הללו למה אחת על מקדש ראשון ואחת על מקדש שני ואחת על ישראל שגלו ממקומן ואיכא דאמרי אחת על ביטול תורה,בשלמא למאן דאמר על ישראל שגלו היינו דכתיב כי נשבה עדר ה' אלא למאן דאמר על ביטול תורה מאי כי נשבה עדר ה' כיון שגלו ישראל ממקומן אין לך ביטול תורה גדול מזה,תנו רבנן שלשה הקב"ה בוכה עליהן בכל יום על שאפשר לעסוק בתורה ואינו עוסק ועל שאי אפשר לעסוק בתורה ועוסק ועל פרנס המתגאה על הצבור,רבי הוה נקיט ספר קינות וקא קרי בגויה כי מטא להאי פסוקא (איכה ב, א) השליך משמים ארץ נפל מן ידיה אמר מאיגרא רם לבירא עמיקתא,רבי ורבי חייא הוו שקלי ואזלי באורחא כי מטו לההוא מתא אמרי איכא צורבא מרבנן הכא נזיל וניקביל אפיה אמרי איכא צורבא מרבנן הכא ומאור עינים הוא אמר ליה ר' חייא לרבי תיב את לא תזלזל בנשיאותך איזיל אנא ואקביל אפיה,תקפיה ואזל בהדיה כי הוו מיפטרי מיניה אמר להו אתם הקבלתם פנים הנראים ואינן רואין תזכו להקביל פנים הרואים ואינן נראין אמר ליה איכו השתא מנעתן מהאי בירכתא,אמרו ליה ממאן שמיעא לך מפרקיה דרבי יעקב שמיע לי דרבי יעקב איש כפר חיטייא הוה מקביל אפיה דרביה כל יומא כי קש א"ל לא נצטער מר דלא יכיל מר,אמר ליה מי זוטר מאי דכתיב בהו ברבנן (תהלים מט, י) ויחי עוד לנצח לא יראה השחת כי יראה חכמים ימותו ומה הרואה חכמים במיתתן יחיה בחייהן על אחת כמה וכמה,רב אידי אבוה דרבי יעקב בר אידי הוה רגיל דהוה אזיל תלתא ירחי באורחא וחד יומא בבי רב והוו קרו ליה רבנן בר בי רב דחד יומא חלש דעתיה קרי אנפשיה (איוב יב, ד) שחוק לרעהו אהיה וגו' א"ל ר' יוחנן במטותא מינך לא תעניש להו רבנן,נפק ר' יוחנן לבי מדרשא ודרש (ישעיהו נח, ב) ואותי יום יום ידרשון ודעת דרכי יחפצון וכי ביום דורשין אותו ובלילה אין דורשין אותו אלא לומר לך כל העוסק בתורה אפי' יום אחד בשנה מעלה עליו הכתוב כאילו עסק כל השנה כולה,וכן במדת פורענות דכתיב (במדבר יד, לד) במספר הימים אשר תרתם את הארץ וכי ארבעים שנה חטאו והלא ארבעים יום חטאו אלא לומר לך כל העובר עבירה אפי' יום אחד בשנה מעלה עליו הכתוב כאילו עבר כל השנה כולה:,אי זהו קטן כל שאינו יכול לרכוב על כתפו של אביו: מתקיף לה רבי זירא 5b. bis not fromamong bthem. The Sages said to Rava: Master, you are not subject toHis bhidingof the bface,as your prayers are heard, band you are not subject to: “And they shall be devoured,”as the authorities take nothing from you. bHe said to them: Do you know how manygifts bI send in private to the house of King Shapur?Although it might seem that the monarchy does not take anything from me, in actuality I am forced to give many bribes. bEven so, the Sages looked uponRava with suspicion. bIn the meantime,messengers bfrom the house of King Shapur sentfor him band imprisoned himto extort more money from him. Rava bsaid: This is as it is taughtin a ibaraitathat bRabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: Wherever the Sages looked uponsomeone, it resulted in beither death or poverty. /b,With regard to the verse: b“And I will hide my face in that day”(Deuteronomy 31:18), bRava saidthat bthe Holy One, Blessed be He, said: Even though I hid my face from themand My Divine Presence is not revealed, nevertheless: b“I speak with him in a dream”(Numbers 12:6). bRav Yosef said: His hand is outstretched,guarding bover us, as it is stated: “And I have covered you in the shadow of my hand”(Isaiah 51:16).,The Gemara relates: bRabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya was standing inthe bhouse of the Caesar. A certain heretic,who was also present, bgestured to him,indicating that his was bthe nation whose Master,God, bturned His faceaway bfrom it.Rabbi Yehoshua bgestured to himthat bHis hand is outstretched over usin protection. bThe Caesar said to Rabbi Yehoshua: What did he gesture to you,and how did you respond? He replied: He indicated that mine is bthe nation whose Master turned His face from it, and I gestured to himthat bHis hand is outstretched over us. /b,The members of the Caesar’s household bsaid to that heretic: What did you gesture to him?He said to them: I gestured that his is bthe nation whose Master has turnedHis face bfrom it.They asked: bAnd what did he gesture to you?He said to them: bI don’t know;I did not understand. bThey said:How can ba man who does not know whatothers bgesture to himdare to bgesture in the presence of the king? They took him out and killed him. /b,The Gemara relates: bWhen Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya was dying, the Sages said to him: What will become of us, fromthe threat of bthe heretics,when there is no scholar like you who can refute them? bHe said to themthat the verse states: “Is wisdom no more in Teiman? bHas counsel perished from the prudent? Has their wisdom vanished?”(Jeremiah 49:7). He explained: bSince counsel has perished from the prudent,from the Jewish people, the bwisdom of the nations of the world has vanishedas well, and there will be no superior scholars among them., bAnd if you wish, sayinstead that the same idea can be derived bfrom here: “And he said: Let us take our journey, and let us go, and I will go corresponding to you”(Genesis 33:12). Just as the Jewish people rise and fall, so too, the nations of the world simultaneously rise and fall, and they will never have an advantage.,The Gemara relates that bRabbi Ila was ascending the stairs in the house of Rabba bar Sheila,a children’s teacher. bHe heard a child who was readinga verse out loud: b“For, lo, He Who forms the mountains, and creates the wind, and declares to man what is his speech”(Amos 4:13). Rabbi Ila bsaid:With regard to ba servant whose master declares to him what is hisproper bspeech, is there a remedy for him?The Gemara asks. bWhatis the meaning of the phrase: b“What is his speech”? Rav said: Even frivolous speech that is between a man and his wifebefore engaging in relations bis declared to a person at the time of death,and he will have to account for it.,The Gemara asks: bIs that so?Is it prohibited for a man to speak in this manner with his wife? bWasn’t Rav Kahana lying beneath Rav’s bed, and he heardRav bchatting and laughingwith his wife, band performing his needs,i.e., having relations with her. Rav Kahana bsaidout loud: bThe mouth of Rav is likeone who bhas never eaten a cooked dish,i.e., his behavior is lustful. Rav bsaid to him: Kahana, leave, asthis is bnot proper conduct.This shows that Rav himself engaged in frivolous talk before relations.,The Gemara answers: This is bnot difficult. Here,where this type of speech is permitted, it is referring to a situation bwhere he must appeasehis wife before relations, and therefore this speech is appropriate. However, bthisstatement, that it is prohibited, is referring to a situation bwhere he doesn’t need to appease her.In these circumstances, it is prohibited to engage in excessively lighthearted chatter with one’s wife.,The verse states: b“But if you will not hear it, my soul shall weep in secret [ ibemistarim /i] for your pride”(Jeremiah 13:17). bRav Shmuel bar Inya said in the name of Rav: The Holy One, Blessed be He, has a placewhere He cries, band its name is Mistarim. Whatis the meaning of b“for your pride”? Rav Shmuel bar Yitzḥak said:God cries bdue to the pride of the Jewish people, which was taken from them and given tothe gentile bnations. Rav Shmuel bar Naḥmani said:He cries bdue to the pride of the kingdom of Heaven,which was removed from the world.,The Gemara asks: bBut is there crying before the Holy One, Blessed be He? Didn’t Rav Pappa say: There is no sadness before the Holy One, Blessed be He, as it is stated: “Honor and majesty are before Him; strength and gladness are in His place”(I Chronicles 16:27)? The Gemara responds: This is bnot difficult. Thisstatement, that God cries, is referring to bthe innermost chambers,where He can cry in secret, whereas bthisstatement, that He does not cry, is referring to bthe outer chambers. /b,The Gemara asks: bAnd doesn’tGod cry bin the outer chambers? Isn’t it written: “And on that day the Lord, the God of hosts, called to weeping, and to mourning, and to baldness, and to girding with sackcloth”(Isaiah 22:12)? The Gemara responds: bThe destruction of the Temple is different, as even the angels of peace cried, as it is stated: “Behold, their valiant ones cry without; the angels of peace weep bitterly”(Isaiah 33:7).,The verse continues: b“And my eye shall weep sore, and run down with tears, because the Lord’s flock is carried away captive”(Jeremiah 13:17). bRabbi Elazar said: Why these threereferences to btearsin the verse? bOneis bfor the First Temple; oneis bfor the Second Temple; and oneis bfor the Jewish people who were exiled from their place. And there arethose bwho say:The last boneis bforthe unavoidable bderelictionof the study of bTorahin the wake of the exile.,The Gemara asks: bGranted, according to the one who saidthat the last tear is bfor the Jewish people who were exiled, this is as it is written: “Because the Lord’s flock is carried away captive.” However, according to the one who saidthat this tear is bfor the derelictionof the study of bTorah, whatis the meaning of: b“Because the Lord’s flock is carried away captive”?The Gemara answers: bSince the Jewish people were exiled from their place, there is no greaterinvoluntary bderelictionof the study of bTorah thanthat which was caused by bthis. /b, bThe Sages taughtthat there are bthreetypes of people bfor whom the Holy One, Blessed be He, cries every day: Forone bwho is able to engage in Torahstudy band does not engagein it; band forone bwho is unable to engage in Torahstudy and nevertheless he endeavors and bengagesin it; band for a leader who lords over the community. /b,The Gemara relates: bRabbiYehuda HaNasi bwas holdingthe bbook of Lamentations and was reading from it. When he reached the verse: “He has cast down from heaven to earththe beauty of Israel” (Lamentations 2:1), in his distress the book bfell from his hand. He said: From a high roof to a deep pit,i.e., it is terrible to tumble from the sky to the ground.,§ The Gemara relates: bRabbiYehuda HaNasi band Rabbi Ḥiyya were walking along the road. When they arrived at a certain city, they said: Is there a Torah scholar here whom wecan bgo and greet?The people of the city bsaid: There is a Torah scholar here but he is blind. Rabbi Ḥiyya said to RabbiYehuda HaNasi: bYou sithere; bdo not demean yourdignified status as iNasi /ito visit someone beneath your stature. bI will go and greet him. /b,Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi bgrabbed him and went with himanyway, and together they greeted the blind scholar. bWhen they were leaving him, he said to them: You greetedone who is bseen and does not see; may you be worthy to greetthe One Who bsees and is not seen.Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi bsaid toRabbi Ḥiyya: bNow, ifI had listened to you and not gone to greet him, byou would have prevented me from receiving this blessing. /b, bThey said tothe blind scholar: bFrom whom did you hearthat we are worthy of this blessing? He said to them: bI heardit bfrom the instruction of Rabbi Ya’akov, as Rabbi Ya’akov of the village of Ḥitiyya would greet his teacher every day. WhenRabbi Ya’akov bgrew elderly,his teacher bsaid to him: Do not despair, my Master, that my Master is unableto make the effort to greet me. It is better that you should not visit me.,Rabbi Ya’akov bsaid to him: Is ita bminormatter, bthat which is written about the Sages: “That he should still live always, that he should not see the pit. For he sees that wise men die”(Psalms 49:10–11)? In this regard an ia fortiorireference applies: bJust as one who sees Sages in their death will live, all the more soone who sees them bin their lifetime.From here the blind scholar learned the importance of greeting Torah scholars, which is why he blessed the Sages who came to greet him.,The Gemara relates: bRav Idi, father of Rabbi Ya’akov bar Idi, would regularly travel three months on the roadto reach the study hall bandas he would immediately travel back again to arrive home for the festival of iSukkot /i, he spent only bone day in the school of Rav. And the Sages woulddisparagingly bcall him: A studentof Torah bfor one day. He was offendedand breadthe following verse babout himself: “I am as one that is a laughingstock to his neighbor,a man who calls upon God, and He answers him” (Job 12:4). bRabbi Yoḥa said to him: Please do not punish the Sages,i.e., do not take offense and be harsh with them, as this will cause them to be punished by God., bRabbi Yoḥa leftRav Idi and went bto the study hall and taught: “Yet they seek Me daily, and delight to know My ways”(Isaiah 58:2). bBut isit possible that only bduring the day they seek Him and at night they do not seek Him?What is the meaning of daily? bRather,this verse comes bto say to youthat with regard to banyone who engages in Torahstudy beven one day a year, the verse ascribes himcredit bas though he engagedin Torah study bthe entire year. /b, bAnd the sameapplies bto the attribute of punishment, as it is written: “After the number of the days in which you spied out the land,even forty days, for every day a year, shall you bear your iniquities” (Numbers 14:34). bBut did they sinfor bforty years? Didn’t they sinfor only bforty days? Rather,this comes bto say to youthat banyone who transgresses a sin even one day a year, the verse ascribes himliability bas though he transgressed the entire year. /b,§ The mishna taught: bWho is a minorwho is exempt from the mitzva of appearance in the Temple? bAnychild bwho is unable to ride on his father’s shouldersand ascend from Jerusalem to the Temple Mount. bRabbi Zeira strongly objects to this: /b
23. Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)

22a. (עזרא ד, ז) וכתב הנשתוון כתוב ארמית ומתורגם ארמית וכתיב (דניאל ה, ח) לא כהלין כתבא למיקרא ופשרא להודעא למלכא וכתיב (דברים יז, יח) וכתב את משנה התורה הזאת כתב הראוי להשתנות,למה נקרא אשורית שעלה עמהם מאשור,תניא רבי אומר בתחלה בכתב זה ניתנה תורה לישראל כיון שחטאו נהפך להן לרועץ כיון שחזרו בהן החזירו להם שנאמר (זכריה ט, יב) שובו לביצרון אסירי התקוה גם היום מגיד משנה אשיב לך,למה נקרא שמה אשורית שמאושרת בכתב,רשב"א אומר משום ר' אליעזר בן פרטא שאמר משום רבי אלעזר המודעי כתב זה לא נשתנה כל עיקר שנאמר (שמות כז, י) ווי העמודים מה עמודים לא נשתנו אף ווים לא נשתנו ואומר (אסתר ח, ט) ואל היהודים ככתבם וכלשונם מה לשונם לא נשתנה אף כתבם לא נשתנה,אלא מה אני מקיים את משנה התורה הזאת לשתי תורות אחת שיוצאה ונכנסת עמו ואחת שמונחת לו בבית גנזיו אותה שיוצאה ונכנסת עמו עושה אותה כמין קמיע ותולה בזרועו שנאמר (תהלים טז, ח) שויתי ה' לנגדי תמיד,ואידך האי שויתי מאי דריש ביה ההוא מיבעי ליה כדרב חנה בר ביזנא דאמר רב חנה בר ביזנא אר"ש חסידא המתפלל צריך שיראה עצמו כאילו שכינה כנגדו שנאמר שויתי ה' לנגדי תמיד,לר"ש דאמר כתב זה לא נשתנה מאי לא כהלין כתבא למיקרא אמר רב בגימטריא איכתיב להון יטת יטת אידך פוגחמט,מאי פריש להו (דניאל ה, כה) מנא מנא תקל ופרסין מנא מנא אלהא מלכותך (והשלמת לך) תקיל תקילתא במאזניא והשתכחת חסיר (פרסין) פריסת מלכותך ויהיבת למדי ופרס,ושמואל אמר ממתוס ננקפי אאלרן ור' יוחנן אמר אנם אנם לקת ניסרפו רב אשי אמר נמא נמא קתל פורסין:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big אין רוכבין על סוסו ואין יושבין על כסאו ואין משתמשין בשרביטו ואין רואין אותו כשהוא מסתפר ולא כשהוא ערום ולא כשהוא בבית המרחץ שנאמר (דברים יז, טו) שום תשים עליך מלך שתהא אימתו עליך:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big אמר רב יעקב א"ר יוחנן אבישג מותרת לשלמה ואסורה לאדניה מותרת לשלמה דמלך היה ומלך משתמש בשרביטו של מלך ואסורה לאדניה דהדיוט הוא,אבישג מאי היא דכתיב (מלכים א א, א) והמלך דוד זקן בא בימים וגו' ויאמרו לו עבדיו יבקשו וגו' וכתיב (מלכים א א, ג) ויבקשו נערה יפה וגו' וכתיב (מלכים א א, ד) והנערה יפה עד מאד ותהי למלך סוכנת ותשרתהו אמרה נינסבן אמר לה אסירת לי,אמרה ליה חסריה לגנבא נפשיה לשלמא נקיט אמר להו קראו לי לבת שבע וכתיב (מלכים א א, טו) ותבא בת שבע אל המלך החדרה אמר רב יהודה אמר רב באותה שעה קינחה בת שבע בשלש עשרה מפות,אמר רב שמן בר אבא בוא וראה כמה קשין גירושין שהרי דוד המלך התירו לו לייחד ולא התירו לו לגרש,א"ר אליעזר כל המגרש את אשתו ראשונה אפילו מזבח מוריד עליו דמעות שנאמר (מלאכי ב, יג) וזאת שנית תעשו כסות דמעה את מזבח ה' בכי ואנקה מאין עוד פנות אל המנחה ולקחת רצון מידכם וכתיב (מלאכי ב, יד) ואמרתם על מה על כי ה' העיד בינך ובין אשת נעוריך אשר אתה בגדתה בה והיא חברתך ואשת בריתך,א"ר יוחנן ואיתימא ר' אלעזר אין אשתו של אדם מתה אלא אם כן מבקשין ממנו ממון ואין לו שנאמר (משלי כב, כז) ואם אין לך לשלם למה יקח משכבך מתחתיך,וא"ר יוחנן כל אדם שמתה אשתו ראשונה כאילו חרב בהמ"ק בימיו שנאמר (יחזקאל כד, טז) בן אדם הנני לוקח ממך את מחמד עיניך במגפה לא תספד ולא תבכה ולא תבוא דמעתך וכתיב (יחזקאל כד, יח) ואדבר אל העם בבקר ותמת אשתי בערב וכתיב (יחזקאל כד, כא) הנני מחלל את מקדשי גאון עוזכם מחמד עיניכם,אמר רבי אלכסנדרי כל אדם שמתה אשתו בימיו עולם חשך בעדו שנאמר (איוב יח, ו) אור חשך באהלו ונרו עליו ידעך ר' יוסי בר חנינא אמר פסיעותיו מתקצרות שנאמר (איוב יח, ז) יצרו צעדי אונו רבי אבהו אמר עצתו נופלת שנאמר (איוב יח, ז) ותשליכהו עצתו,אמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר רבי יוחנן קשה לזווגם כקריעת ים סוף שנאמר (תהלים סח, ז) אלהים מושיב יחידים ביתה מוציא אסירים בכושרות (אל תיקרי מוציא אסירים אלא כמוציא אסירים אל תיקרי בכושרות אלא בכי ושירות),איני והאמר רב יהודה אמר רב ארבעים יום קודם יצירת הולד בת קול יוצאת ואומרת בת פלוני לפלוני לא קשיא הא בזווג ראשון הא בזווג שני,א"ר שמואל בר נחמן לכל יש תמורה חוץ מאשת נעורים שנא' (ישעיהו נד, ו) ואשת נעורים כי תמאס מתני לה רב יהודה לרב יצחק בריה אין אדם מוצא קורת רוח אלא מאשתו ראשונה שנא' (משלי ה, יח) יהי מקורך ברוך ושמח מאשת 22a. b“And the writing of the letter [ ihannishtevan /i] was written in the Aramaic script, and set forth in the Aramaic tongue”(Ezra 4:7). The term “ ihannishtevan /i” is similar to the word inishtana /i, meaning changed, alluding to the fact that the script had been changed. bAnd it is writtenwith regard to the writing on the wall of Belshazzar’s palace: b“Then came in all the king’s wise men. But they could not read the writing, nor make known to the king the interpretation”(Daniel 5:8), and the reason they could not read it is that it was written in the new script that Ezra would transmit. bAnd it is written: “That he shall write for himself a second [ imishne /i] Torah”(Deuteronomy 17:18), where “second [ imishne /i]” teaches that it is written in ba script that is apt to be changed [ ilehishtannot /i]. /b,The ibaraitacontinues: bWhyis this script bcalled iAshurit /i? Because it ascended withthe Jewish people bfrom Ashurwhen they returned from their exile in Babylonia., bIt is taughtin a ibaraita( iTosefta4:5): bRabbiYehuda HaNasi bsays: Initially, the Torah was given to the Jewish people in this script, iAshurit /i, which is in use today. bOncethe Jewish people bsinned, it turned into an impairment for themand they began writing with a different script, iLibona’a /i. bOnce they repented,the first script bwas returned to them,and they resumed writing with iAshuritscript, bas it is stated: “Return to the stronghold, you prisoners of hope; even today do I declare that I will render double [ imishne /i] unto you”(Zechariah 9:12), meaning that God restored to the Jewish people this script that had been changed [ inishtanna /i].,The ibaraitacontinues: If this script predates the exile to Babylonia, bwhy is it called iAshurit /i? Because it is imeusheret /i,beautiful and straight, bin script. /b,The ibaraitacontinues: bRabbi Shimon ben Elazar says in the name of Rabbi Eliezer ben Perata, who said in the name of Rabbi Elazar HaModa’i: This script did not change at all, as it is statedwith regard to the construction of the Tabernacle: b“The hooks of [ ivavei /i] the poles”(Exodus 27:10). This teaches that bjust as the poles were not changed, so too, the hooks [ ivavim /i] were not changed.The letter ivavin iAshuritscript has the shape of a hook. Evidently, this is why the term for hook in the Torah is ivav /i. bAndthe verse bstates: “And to the Jews according to their script and according to their language”(Esther 8:9). This teaches that bjust as their language was not changedover the generations but remained Hebrew, bso too, their script was not changed. /b,The ibaraitacontinues: bButif the script was in fact not changed, bhow do I realizethe meaning of the phrase b“a second [ imishne /i] Torah”(Deuteronomy 17:18)? This serves btoteach the ihalakhaconcerning the btwo Torah scrollsthat the king writes, bone that goes out and comes in with him, and one that is placed in his treasury.With regard to bthe one that goes out and comes in with him, he makes itvery small, blike an amulet, and he hangsit bon his arm. As it is statedby King David: b“I have set the Lord always before me;He is at my right hand, that I shall not be moved” (Psalms 16:8). This verse alludes to the two Torah scrolls, one that is before him and one that is in his right hand.,The Gemara asks: bAndwith regard to bthe otherSage, i.e., Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, who does not hold that the king must write and affix the second scroll to his arm, bwhat does he expound from thatverse: b“I have set”(Psalms 16:8)? The Gemara responds: bHe requires thatverse bin accordance withthe statement bof Rav Ḥana bar Bizna, as Rav Ḥana bar Bizna saysthat bRabbi Shimon Ḥasida says: One who prays needs to see himself as if the Divine Presence is opposite him, as it is stated: “I have set the Lord always before me”(Psalms 16:8).,The Gemara asks: bAccording to Rabbi Shimon, who saysthat bthis script was not changedat all, bwhatis the reason b“they could not read the writing”(Daniel 5:8)? bRav says:Because bit was written for them inthe obscure code of igimatriyya /i.It was written: iYod /i, itet /i, itav /i; iyod /i, itet /i, itav /i; ialef /i, iyod /i, idalet /i, ikhaf /i; ipeh /i, ivav /i, igimmel /i, iḥet /i, imem /i, itet /i.These letters correspond with: iMem /i, inun /i, ialef /i; imem /i, inun /i, ialef /i; itav /i, ikuf /i, ilamed /i; ivav /i, ipeh /i, ireish /i, isamekh /i, iyod /i, inun /i; this is based on the exchange of letters known as iat bash /i, or the exchanging of a letter with its counterpart in the opposite place in the alphabet, e.g., ialef /i, the first letter, for itav /i, the last letter., bWhat didDaniel bexplain to them?The letters stand for the terms: b“ iMene mene tekel ufarsin /i”(Daniel 5:25). He then explained the meaning: b“ iMene /i”: God has numbered [ imena /i]the days of byour kingdom and brought it to an end. “ iTekel /i”: You are weighed [ itekilta /i] on the scale and are found lacking. “ iParsin /i”: Your kingdom is divided [ iperisat /i] and given to the Medes and Persians”(Daniel 5:26–28)., bAnd Shmuel says:The writing used the correct letters for those terms, but instead of being written in order, the four words, imene mene tekel ufarsinwere written vertically and were therefore meant to be read from the top down. If read in the usual way, from right to left, it says: b“ iMamtos kafei a’alran /i.” And Rabbi Yoḥa says:Each word was written backward, so that read right to left, they spelled, iAnem anem leket nisrapu /i. Rav Ashi says:They were written with the first two letters of each word reversed: iNema nema ketal pursin /i. /b, strongMISHNA: /strong bOne may not ride onthe king’s bhorse, and one may not sit on his throne, and one may not use his scepter, and one may not see him when he is having his hair cut, nor when he is naked, nor when he is in the bathhouse, as it is stated: “You shall set a king over you”(Deuteronomy 17:15), meaning, ensure bthat his fear should be upon you.All of these actions would lessen one’s fear of and reverence for the king., strongGEMARA: /strong bRav Ya’akov saysthat bRabbi Yoḥa says: Abishagthe Shunammite was bpermitted to Solomon but forbidden to Adonijah,who in fact wanted to marry her. She was bpermitted to Solomon, as he was a king, and a king may use the scepter of a king.Abishag’s status was similar to the king’s scepter, as she had been designated to serve King David. She was bforbidden to Adonijah, as hewas ban ordinaryperson, not a king.,The Gemara clarifies: The story of bAbishag, what is it? As it is written: “Now King David was old and stricken in years…and his servants said to him, let there be sought /b…a young virgin…and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may get heat” (I Kings 1:1–2); band it is written: “So they sought for a beautiful maiden… /band found Abishag” (I Kings 1:1–3); band it is written: “And the maiden was very beautiful and she became a companion to the king and ministered to him,but the king did not know her” (I Kings 1:1–4). Abishag bsaidto King David: bMarry me.King David bsaid to her: You are forbidden to me,as I already have eighteen wives.,Abishag bsaid to him: When the thief is lackingwhat to steal, bhe makes himself like a man of peace.In other words, she was saying that since King David was physically unable to engage in intercourse, he devised an excuse not to marry her. King David bsaid tohis attendants: bCall Bathsheba to me. And it is written: “And Bathsheba went in to the king into the chamber;now the king was very old and Abishag the Shunammite ministered to the king” (I Kings 1:15). bRav Yehuda saysthat bRav says: At that time, Bathsheba wipedherself bwith thirteen cloths,corresponding to the number of words in the verse, indicating that she engaged in intercourse with King David thirteen times., bRav Shemen bar Abba says: Come and see how severea matter bdivorceis, bas theyrendered it bpermitted for King David to be secludedwith Abishag without marrying her, bbut they did notrender it bpermitted for him to divorceone of his wives to enable him to marry Abishag.,§ bRabbi Eliezer says:Concerning banyone who divorces his first wife, even the altar sheds tears about him, as it is stated: “And further, this you should do: Cover the altar of the Lord with tears, with weeping and sighing, from His no longer showing regard to the offering, nor receiving it with goodwill from your hand”(Malachi 2:13), band it is written: “Yet you say: Why? Because the Lord has been witness between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you have dealt treacherously, though she is your companion and the wife of your covet”(Malachi 2:14)., bRabbi Yoḥa, and some say Rabbi Elazar, says: A man’s wife does not die unlesshis creditors bask him for moneythat he owes band he does not haveit, bas it is stated: “If you do not have with what to pay, why should he take away your bed from under you?”(Proverbs 22:27). The bed mentioned in the verse alludes to one’s wife., bAnd Rabbi Yoḥa says:For bany man whose first wife dies, it is as if the Temple were destroyed in his days, as it is stated: “Son of man, behold, I take away from you the desire of your eyes with a stroke; yet neither shall you make lamentation nor weep, neither shall your tears run down”(Ezekiel 24:16). bAnd it is written: “So I spoke to the people in the morning and in the evening my wife died”(Ezekiel 24:18). bAnd it is writtenin the continuation of the same passage: b“Behold I will profane My Sanctuary, the pride of your power, the desire of your eyes”(Ezekiel 24:21), illustrating that a man’s wife is as precious to him as the Temple is for the entire Jewish nation., bRabbi Alexandri says:For bany man whose wife dies in his days, the world is dark for him, as it is stated: “The light shall be dark in his tent and his lamp over him shall be put out”(Job 18:6), since the word tent is commonly employed as a metonym for a wife. bRabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina says: His steps get shorter, as it is stated: “The steps of his strength shall be constrained”(Job 18:7). bRabbi Abbahu says: His counsel falls, as it is stated: “And his own counsel shall cast him down”(Job 18:7)., bRabba bar bar Ḥana saysthat bRabbi Yoḥa says:It is as bdifficult to matcha couple bas the splitting of the Red Sea, as it is stated: “God makes the solitary dwell in a house; He brings out prisoners into prosperity”(Psalms 68:7). bDo not readthe verse as b“brings out prisoners”; rather,read it as: bLike bringing out prisoners.Accordingly, the act described in the first clause of the verse, God’s causing the solitary to dwell in a house, i.e., to marry, is compared to the act described in the next clause in the verse, i.e., bringing out prisoners. And do not read the verse as b“into prosperity [ ibakkosharot /i]”; rather,read it as: bCrying and singing [ ibekhi veshirot /i],which alludes to the splitting of the Red Sea, when there was both crying and singing.,The Gemara asks: bIs that sothat it is this difficult to find a match? bBut doesn’t Rav Yehuda saythat bRav says: Forty days before the formation of the fetus a Divine Voice emerges and states: The daughter of so-and-soshall be the wife bof so-and-so?Why should matching them be so difficult, since they are prepared for this from before their birth? The Gemara responds: This is bnot difficult. Thislatter statement, about predestined matches, bisstated bwith regard to the first match; thatformer statement, about the difficulty of matchmaking, bisstated bwith regard to the second match. /b, bRabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman says: For everythingthat is lost bthere is a substitute, except forone’s bwife from youthwho dies, bas it is stated: “And a wife from youth, can she be rejected?”(Isaiah 54:6). bRav Yehuda taught Rav Yitzḥak, his son: A man finds calmness of spirit only from his first wife, as it is stated: “Let your fountain be blessed and have joy with the wife of /b
24. Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)

113b. שלא יהא דבורך של שבת כדבורך של חול דבור אסור הרהור מותר בשלמא כולהו לחיי אלא שלא יהא הילוכך של שבת כהילוכך של חול מאי היא כי הא דאמר רב הונא אמר רב ואמרי ליה אמר ר' אבא אמר רב הונא היה מהלך בשבת ופגע באמת המים אם יכול להניח את רגלו ראשונה קודם שתעקר שניה מותר ואם לאו אסור,מתקיף לה רבא היכי ליעביד ליקף קמפיש בהילוכא ליעבר זימנין דמיתווסן מאני מיא ואתי לידי סחיטה אלא בהא כיון דלא אפשר שפיר דמי אלא כדבעא מיניה ר' מר' ישמעאל בר' יוסי מהו לפסוע פסיעה גסה בשבת א"ל וכי בחול מי הותרה שאני אומר פסיעה גסה נוטלת אחד מחמש מאות ממאור עיניו של אדם ומהדר ליה בקידושא דבי שמשי,בעא מיניה ר' מר' ישמעאל בר' יוסי מהו לאכול אדמה בשבת א"ל וכי בחול מי הותרה שאני אומר אף בחול אסור מפני שהוא מלקה אמר ר' אמי כל האוכל מעפרה של בבל כאילו אוכל מבשר אבותיו וי"א כאילו אוכל שקצים ורמשים דכתיב (בראשית ז, כג) וימח את כל היקום וגו',אמר ריש לקיש למה נקרא שמה שנער שכל מתי מבול ננערו לשם א"ר יוחנן למה נקרא שמה מצולה שכל מתי מבול נצטללו לשם [וי"א כאילו אוכל] שקצים ורמשים והא ודאי איתמחויי איתמחו אמרי כיון דמלקי גזרו ביה רבנן דהא ההוא גברא דאכל גרגישתא ואכל תחלי וקדחו ליה תחליה בלביה ומית,(רות ג, ג) ורחצת וסכת ושמת שמלותיך א"ר אלעזר אלו בגדים של שבת (משלי ט, ט) תן לחכם ויחכם עוד אמר רבי אלעזר זו רות המואביה ושמואל הרמתי,רות דאילו נעמי קאמרה לה ורחצת וסכת ושמת שמלותיך עליך וירדת הגורן ואילו בדידה כתיב ותרד הגורן והדר ותעש ככל אשר צותה חמותה שמואל דאילו עלי קאמר ליה (שמואל א ג, ט) שכב והיה אם יקרא אליך ואמרת דבר ה' כי שומע עבדך ואילו בדידי' כתיב ביה ויבא ה' ויתיצב ויקרא כפעם בפעם שמואל שמואל ויאמר שמואל דבר כי שומע עבדך ולא אמר דבר ה',(רות ב, ג) ותלך ותבא ותלקט בשדה אמר רבי אלעזר שהלכה ובאת הלכה ובאת עד שמצאה בני אדם המהוגנין לילך עמהם (רות ב, ה) ויאמר בועז לנערו הנצב על הקוצרים למי הנערה הזאת וכי דרכו של בועז לשאול בנערה אמר ר' אלעזר דבר חכמה ראה בה שני שבלין לקטה שלשה שבלין אינה לקטה,במתניתא תנא דבר צניעות ראה בה עומדות מעומד נופלות מיושב (רות ב, ח) וכה תדבקין עם נערותי וכי דרכו של בועז לדבק עם הנשים א"ר אלעזר כיון דחזא (רות א, יד) ותשק ערפה לחמותה ורות דבקה בה אמר שרי לאידבוקי בה,(רות ב, יד) ויאמר לה בועז לעת האוכל גשי הלום א"ר אלעזר רמז רמז לה עתידה מלכות בית דוד לצאת ממך דכתיב ביה הלום שנאמר (שמואל ב ז, יח) ויבא המלך דוד וישב לפני ה' ויאמר מי אנכי אדני ה' ומי ביתי כי הביאתני עד הלום (רות ב, יד) וטבלת פתך בחומץ א"ר אלעזר מכאן שהחומץ יפה לשרב,ר' שמואל בר נחמני אמר רמז רמז לה עתיד בן לצאת ממך שמעשיו קשין כחומץ ומנו מנשה (רות ב, יד) ותשב מצד הקוצרים א"ר אלעזר מצד הקוצרים ולא בתוך הקוצרים רמז רמז לה שעתידה מלכות בית דוד שתתחלק,(רות ב, יד) ויצבט לה קלי ותאכל אמר רבי אלעזר ותאכל בימי דוד ותשבע בימי שלמה ותותר בימי חזקיה ואיכא דאמרי ותאכל בימי דוד ובימי שלמה ותשבע בימי חזקיה ותותר בימי רבי דאמר מר אהוריריה דרבי הוה עתיר משבור מלכא במתניתא תנא ותאכל בעולם הזה ותשבע לימות המשיח ותותר לעתיד לבא:,(ישעיהו י, טז) ותחת כבודו יקד יקוד כיקוד אש א"ר יוחנן ותחת כבודו ולא כבודו ממש ר' יוחנן לטעמיה דר' יוחנן קרי למאניה מכבדותי,ר"א אומר ותחת כבודו תחת כבודו ממש ר' שמואל בר נחמני אמר תחת כבודו כשריפת בני אהרן מה להלן שריפת נשמה וגוף קיים אף כאן שריפת נשמה וגוף קיים,א"ר אחא בר אבא אמר רבי יוחנן 113b. means bthat your speech on Shabbat should not be like your speech during the week,i.e., one should not discuss his weekday affairs on Shabbat. However, it is only bspeechthat they said is bprohibited,whereas merely bcontemplatingweekday affairs bis permitted.The Gemara asks: bGranted, all of thesedirectives, bfine,they are understood. bHowever, what isthe meaning of the following phrase: bThat your walking on Shabbat should not be like your walking during the week?The Gemara answers: bIt is in accordance with thatwhich bRav Huna saidthat bRav said, and some say that Rabbi Abba saidthat bRav Huna said:If bone were walking on Shabbat and came upon a stream of waterand had to cross it, bifthe stream is narrow and bone could place his first footdown on the other side bbefore raisingthe bsecond one, it is permittedto cross it; band ifit is bnotpossible and one must jump to cross it, bit is prohibited.That is the type of walking that is not permitted on Shabbat., bRava strongly objects to this:Since we have said that one’s walking on Shabbat should not be like his walking during the week, and jumping constitutes prohibited walking, if one encounters a stream on Shabbat, bwhat should he doto cross to the other side? If bhe circumventsthe stream, bhe is increasingthe distance that he is bwalkingand exerting extra effort on Shabbat. If bhe walks throughthe water, bsometimes his clothes will absorb water and he will come to wring them out.What then should he do? bRather, in thiscase, bsince it is not possibleto cross any other way, he may bwellcross it, i.e., it is permitted for him to jump over the stream. Therefore, brathersay that walking that is defined as characteristic of weekday walking involves taking large steps. bAs RabbiYehuda HaNasi braised a dilemma before Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei: What isthe ruling with regard to btaking large steps on Shabbat?That is what the Gemara meant when it used the phrase: Your walking during the week. Rabbi Yishmael bsaid to him: And during the week arelarge steps bpermitted? As I say: A large step takesaway bone five-hundredth of a person’s eyesight.The Gemara comments: bAndhis eyesight bis restored to him during ikiddushonShabbat bevening. /b,And bRabbiYehuda HaNasi braised a dilemma before Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei: What isthe ruling with regard to beating earthfor medicinal purposes bon Shabbat?Rabbi Yishmael bsaid to him: And during the week is it permittedto eat soil? bAs I say: Even during the week it is prohibited because it is harmful. Rabbi Ami said: Anyone who eats the dust of Babylonia, it is as if he is eating the flesh of his ancestorsburied there. bAnd some say: It is as if he eats abominations and creeping creatures, as it is written: “And He wiped out all that existedon the face of the earth, from humans to animals, to creeping creatures to the birds in the sky, and they were wiped off the land” (Genesis 7:23).,Apropos dead residue in the ground, bReish Lakish said: Why isBabylonia bcalled Shinar?It is bbecause all those who died inthe bFlood were deposited there [ ininaru lesham /i]. Rabbi Yoḥa said: Why isBabylonia bcalled Metzula?It is bbecause all those who died inthe bFlood sank there [ initztalelu lesham /i].The Gemara asks: We said that bsome saythat if one eats dirt from Babylonia, it is bas if he eats abominations and creeping creatures. However, certainly theirbodies bhaveputrefied and bdecomposed,and therefore they are no longer prohibited. Rather, bsincesoil bis harmful, the Sages issued a decreenot to eat it. The decree was not issued due to the prohibition of eating creeping creatures; rather, it was issued bbecause a certain person ate soilfor medicinal purposes bandalso bate cress.The cress took root in the soil that was inside him and began to grow. bAnd the cress punctured his heart and he died. /b,The Gemara continues to discuss Shabbat. Naomi advised Ruth: b“And you shall bathe, and anoint yourself, and put on your robes,and go down to the threshing floor. Do not make yourself known to the man until he has finished eating and drinking” (Ruth 3:3). bRabbi Elazar said: Theserobes bare Shabbat garmentsthat Naomi told her to wear in honor of the occasion. Apropos the book of Ruth, the Gemara cites additional statements of Rabbi Elazar with regard to Ruth: b“Give to the wise one and he will become wiser;let the righteous one know and he will learn more” (Proverbs 9:9). bRabbi Elazar said: Thisrefers to bRuth the Moabite and Samuel of Rama,who received advice and added to it with their wisdom.,The Gemara elaborates. bWhereas Naomi said to Ruth: “And you shall bathe, and anoint yourself, and put on your robes, and go down to the threshing floor,” but with regard toRuth bherself it is written, “And she went down to the threshing floor”(Ruth 3:6), bandonly bafterward does it say, “And she did according to all that her mother-in-law commanded her.”Ruth decided to anoint herself at the threshing floor and not on the road so that people would not meet her on the way there and suspect her of immorality. bWhereas Eli said to Samuel:“Go and blie down and if He calls you, you say: Speak, Lord, for Your servant is listening”(I Samuel 3:9), bbut with regard toSamuel bhimself it is written: “And the Lord came and stood, and He called like He did the other times: Samuel, Samuel. And Samuel said: Speak, for Your servant is listening”(I Samuel 3:10), band he did not say: Speak, Lord,since he would not assume it was God speaking to him until he was sure of it.,And the verse in Ruth states: b“And she went, and she came, and she collected in the fieldafter the harvesters” (Ruth 2:3). bRabbi Elazar said:This verse teaches bthat she went and came, went and came, until she found suitable people with whom to walk.It also says: b“And Boaz said to his youth who was standing over the harvesters: To whom does this young woman belong?”(Ruth 2:5). This is surprising: bAnd was it Boaz’s habit to inquire about a young woman? Rabbi Elazar said: He saw in her a matter of wisdomand Torah, and that is why he asked about her. What he saw was that bshe collected two stalks,but bshe did not collect three stalks.She thereby acted in accordance with the ihalakhathat three stalks lying together are not considered to be gleanings left for the poor; rather, they remain in the possession of the owner of the field., bIt was taught in a ibaraita /i: He saw a matter of modesty in herwhen she was collecting stalks. She picked stalks that were buprightwhile she was bstanding,and stalks that had bfallenshe picked while bsitting;due to her modesty she did not bend over to take them. It also says: “And Boaz said to Ruth: Do you hear, my daughter? Do not go to glean in another field and do not leave from here, bbut cling to my maidens”(Ruth 2:8). This is also surprising. bAnd was it Boaz’s habit to cling to women? Rabbi Elazar said: Since he saw “And Orpah kissed her mother-in-law and Ruth clung to her”(Ruth 1:14), bhe said: It is permitted to cling toa woman like this.,It also says: b“And Boaz said to her at mealtime: Come here [ ihalom /i]and eat from the bread and dip your bread in vinegar. And she sat beside the harvesters and he gave her roasted grain and she ate, and she was satiated, and she left some over” (Ruth 2:14). bRabbi Elazarinterpreted this and bsaidthat bhe hinted to herprophetically: bIn the future the kingdom of David will come from you, as it is written with regard to it,i.e., the kingdom of David: b“Here,” as it is stated: “And King David came and sat before God and said: Who am I, Lord, God, and who is my family that You have brought me to here [ ihalom /i]?”(II Samuel 7:18). With regard to his saying: b“And dip your bread in vinegar”(Ruth 2:14), bRabbi Elazar said: From herewe see bthat vinegaris bgoodto have bin hot weather. /b, bRabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani saidthat bhe hinted to her: A son will come from you in the future whose actions will beas bsharp as vinegar, and who is he?King bManasseh. “And she sat beside the harvesters.” Rabbi Elazar said with regard to this: Beside the harvesters, and not among the harvesters. He hinted to her that the kingdom of David will be divided in the futureand her children will not always be in the center of Israel.,It also says in the verse: “And he gave her roasted grain and she ate, and she was satiated, and she left some over.” The Gemara explains: b“And he gave her roasted grain and she ate”;this is also interpreted as a prophetic message. bRabbi Elazar said: “And she ate”was fulfilled by her children’s children bin the days of David; “And she was satiated”was fulfilled bin the days of Solomon; “And she left some over”was fulfilled bin the days of Hezekiah. And some saythat there is a different interpretation: b“And she ate,”was fulfilled bin the days of David and Solomon; “And she was satiated,”was fulfilled bin the days of Hezekiah; “And she left some over”was fulfilled bin the days of RabbiYehuda HaNasi. bAs the Master said: RabbiYehuda HaNasi’s bhorsekeeper [ iahuriyarei /i] was richer than the kingof Persia. bIt was taught in a ibaraita /i: “And she ate,” in this world; “and she was satiated,” in the days of the Messiah; “and she left some over,” in the future,at the end of days.,It was mentioned earlier that Rabbi Yoḥa called his clothing his honor. The Gemara cites the interpretation of the verse that speaks about the downfall of the king of Assyria: “Therefore, the Lord, the Lord of hosts, will send leanness to his fat ones band under his honor He will burn a burning like a burning fire”(Isaiah 10:16). br bRabbi Yoḥa said: “And under his honor,” but not his actual honor.The Gemara explains: bRabbi Yoḥafollows bhis own reasoning,for he bcalled his clothing my honor,which means that the bodies of the king of Assyria’s soldiers were burned. However, their garments were miraculously not burned., bRabbi Elazar said: “And under his honor”means bin place of his actual honor.That is to say, their bodies were burned. Since, in Rabbi Elazar’s opinion, the word under means in the place of, the verse accordingly means that in the place of his honor, i.e., the body, there remain ashes. br bRabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani said: Under his honormeans beneath his flesh, bsimilar to the burning of the sons of Aaron. Just as there,i.e., the burning of Aaron’s sons, bthe soul burned whilethe bbodyremained bintact, so too here,i.e., the burning of Assyrian soldiers, bthe soul burned whilethe bbodyremained bintact. /b, bRabbi Aḥa bar Abba saidthat bRabbi Yoḥa said: /b
25. Babylonian Talmud, Sotah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)

11b. בפרך רבי אלעזר אמר בפה רך רבי שמואל בר נחמני אמר בפריכה,(שמות א, יד) וימררו את חייהם בעבודה קשה בחומר ובלבנים וגו' אמר רבא בתחילה בחומר ובלבנים ולבסוף ובכל עבודה בשדה,את כל עבודתם אשר עבדו בהם בפרך אמר רבי שמואל בר נחמני אמר רבי יונתן שהיו מחליפין מלאכת אנשים לנשים ומלאכת נשים לאנשים ולמ"ד נמי התם בפה רך הכא ודאי בפריכה,דרש רב עוירא בשכר נשים צדקניות שהיו באותו הדור נגאלו ישראל ממצרים בשעה שהולכות לשאוב מים הקב"ה מזמן להם דגים קטנים בכדיהן ושואבות מחצה מים ומחצה דגים ובאות ושופתות שתי קדירות אחת של חמין ואחת של דגים,ומוליכות אצל בעליהן לשדה ומרחיצות אותן וסכות אותן ומאכילות אותן ומשקות אותן ונזקקות להן בין שפתים שנאמר (תהלים סח, יד) אם תשכבון בין שפתים וגו' בשכר תשכבון בין שפתים זכו ישראל לביזת מצרים שנאמר (תהלים סח, יד) כנפי יונה נחפה בכסף ואברותיה בירקרק חרוץ,וכיון שמתעברות באות לבתיהם וכיון שמגיע זמן מולדיהן הולכות ויולדות בשדה תחת התפוח שנאמר (שיר השירים ח, ה) תחת התפוח עוררתיך וגו',והקב"ה שולח משמי מרום מי שמנקיר ומשפיר אותן כחיה זו שמשפרת את הולד שנאמר (יחזקאל טז, ד) ומולדותיך ביום הולדת אותך לא כרת שרך ובמים לא רחצת למשעי וגו' ומלקט להן שני עגולין אחד של שמן ואחד של דבש שנאמר (דברים לב, יג) ויניקהו דבש מסלע ושמן וגו',וכיון שמכירין בהן מצרים באין להורגן ונעשה להם נס ונבלעין בקרקע ומביאין שוורים וחורשין על גבן שנאמר (תהלים קכט, ג) על גבי חרשו חורשים וגו לאחר שהולכין היו מבצבצין ויוצאין כעשב השדה שנאמר (יחזקאל טז, ז) רבבה כצמח השדה נתתיך,וכיון שמתגדלין באין עדרים עדרים לבתיהן שנאמר (יחזקאל טז, ז) ותרבי ותגדלי ותבואי בעדי עדים אל תקרי בעדי עדים אלא בעדרי עדרים,וכשנגלה הקב"ה על הים הם הכירוהו תחלה שנאמר (שמות טו, ב) זה אלי ואנוהו,(שמות א, טו) ויאמר מלך מצרים למילדות העבריות וגו' רב ושמואל חד אמר אשה ובתה וחד אמר כלה וחמותה מ"ד אשה ובתה יוכבד ומרים ומ"ד כלה וחמותה יוכבד ואלישבע,תניא כמ"ד אשה ובתה דתניא שפרה זו יוכבד ולמה נקרא שמה שפרה שמשפרת את הולד ד"א שפרה שפרו ורבו ישראל בימיה,פועה זו מרים ולמה נקרא שמה פועה שהיתה פועה (ומוציאה את הולד) ד"א פועה שהיתה פועה ברוח הקודש ואומרת עתידה אמי שתלד בן שמושיע את ישראל,(שמות א, טז) ויאמר בילדכן את העבריות וגו' מאי אבנים א"ר חנן סימן גדול מסר להן אמר להן בשעה שכורעת לילד יריכותיה מצטננות כאבנים,ואית דאמר כדכתיב (ירמיהו יח, ג) וארד בית היוצר והנה הוא עושה מלאכה על האבנים מה יוצר זה ירך מכאן וירך מכאן וסדן באמצע אף אשה ירך מכאן וירך מכאן והולד באמצע,(שמות א, טז) אם בן הוא והמתן אותו א"ר חנינא סימן גדול מסר להן בן פניו למטה בת פניה למעלה,(שמות א, יז) ותיראן המילדות את האלהים ולא עשו כאשר דבר אליהן וגו' להן מיבעי ליה א"ר יוסי בר' חנינא מלמד שתבען לדבר עבירה ולא נתבעו,(שמות א, יז) ותחיין את הילדים תנא לא דיין שלא המיתו אותן אלא שהיו מספיקות להם מים ומזון,(שמות א, יט) ותאמרן המילדות אל פרעה כי לא כנשים וגו' מאי חיות אילימא חיות ממש אטו חיה מי לא צריכה חיה אחריתי לאולודה,אלא אמרו לו אומה זו כחיה נמשלה יהודה (בראשית מט, ט) גור אריה דן יהי דן נחש נפתלי אילה שלוחה יששכר חמור גרם יוסף בכור שור בנימין זאב יטרף,דכתיב ביה כתיב ביה ודלא כתיב ביה כתיב (ביה) (יחזקאל יט, ב) מה אמך לביא בין אריות רבצה וגו',(שמות א, כא) ויהי כי יראו המילדות את האלהים ויעש להם בתים רב ושמואל חד אמר בתי כהונה ולויה וחד אמר בתי מלכות מ"ד בתי כהונה ולויה אהרן ומשה ומ"ד בתי מלכות דוד נמי ממרים קאתי דכתיב (דברי הימים א ב, יט) ותמת עזובה (אשת כלב) ויקח לו כלב את אפרת ותלד לו את חור וכתיב (שמואל א יז, יב) ודוד בן איש אפרתי וגו',(דברי הימים א ב, יח) וכלב בן חצרון הוליד את עזובה אשה ואת יריעות ואלה בניה ישר ושובב וארדון בן חצרון (במדבר יג, ו) בן יפנה הוא בן שפנה מעצת מרגלים,ואכתי בן קנז הוא דכתיב (שופטים א, יג) וילכדה עתניאל בן קנז אחי כלב אמר רבא חורגו דקנז הוה 11b. bwith rigor [ ibefarekh /i]”(Exodus 1:13). bRabbi Elazar says:The word ibefarekhis a conjugation of the words: bWith a soft mouth [ ibifeh rakh /i],as the Egyptians enticed the Jewish people into slavery, gradually subjugating them until they had lost their freedom completely. bRabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani says:The word ibefarekhshould be understood as: bWith crushing [ ibifrikha /i],as the Egyptians subjugated Israel with backbreaking labor.,The next verse states: b“And they made their lives bitter through hard service, with mortar and brick,and with every laborious service in the field” (Exodus 1:14). bRava says:The verse mentions specifically mortar and brick and then all forms of labor, as binitiallythe Egyptians had them work bwith mortar and bricks, and ultimatelythey subjugated them b“and with every laborious service in the field.” /b,The verse concludes: b“In all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigor”(Exodus 1:14). bRabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani saysthat bRabbi Yonatan says:The meaning of ibefarekhis that the Egyptians bwould exchangethe responsibilities of men and women, giving bmen’s work to women and women’s work to men,requiring everyone to do work to which they were unaccustomed. bAnd even according to the one who saysthat bthere,in the previous verse, ibifarekhindicates that the Egyptians enslaved the Jews bwith a soft mouth, here,in this verse, which describes the physical hardship of the labor, the word befarekh bcertainlymeans bwith crushinglabor.,§ bRav Avira taught: In the merit ofthe brighteous women that were in that generation, the Jewish people were redeemed from Egypt.He tells of their righteous actions: bAt the timewhen these women bwould goto the river bto draw water, the Holy One, Blessed be He, would materialize for them small fishthat would enter binto their pitchers, and they wouldtherefore bdrawpitchers that were bhalffilled with bwater and halffilled with bfish. And they wouldthen bcome and place two pots on the fire, onepot bof hotwater for washing their husbands band onepot bof fishwith which to feed them., bAnd they wouldthen btakewhat they prepared bto their husbands, to the field, and would bathetheir husbands band anoint themwith oil band feed themthe fish band give them to drink and bond with themin sexual intercourse bbetween the sheepfolds,i.e., between the borders and fences of the fields, bas it is stated: “When you lie among the sheepfolds,the wings of the dove are covered with silver, and her pinions with the shimmer of gold” (Psalms 68:14), which is interpreted to mean that bas a rewardfor “when you blie among the sheepfolds,” the Jewish people merited toreceive bthe plunder of Egypt, as it is statedin the continuation of the verse, as a reference to the Jewish people: b“The wings of the dove are covered with silver, and her pinions with the shimmer of gold”(Psalms 68:14)., bAnd whenthese women would bbecome pregt, they would comeback bto their homes, and when the time for them to give birthwould arrive bthey would go and give birth in the field under the apple tree, as it is stated: “Under the apple tree I awakened you;there your mother was in travail with you; there was she in travail and brought you forth” (Song of Songs 8:5)., bAnd the Holy One, Blessed be He, would send from the heavens abovean angel bwho would clean and preparethe newborns, bjust as a midwife prepares the newborn, as it is stated: “And as for your birth, on the day you were born, your navel was not cut nor were you washed with water for cleansing;you were not salted at all, nor swaddled at all” (Ezekiel 16:4). This indicates that there were no midwives to take care of the Jews born in Egypt. bAndthen, the angel bwould gather for them two roundstones from the field and the babies would nurse from that which would flow out of them. bOne ofthe stones flowed with boil and one ofthe stones flowed with bhoney, as it is stated: “And He would suckle them with honey from a crag and oilfrom a flinty rock” (Deuteronomy 32:13)., bAnd once the Egyptians would notice them,realizing that they were Jewish babies, bthey would come to kill them. But a miracle would occur for them and they would be absorbed by the earth. Andthe Egyptians bwouldthen bbring oxen and would plow upon them, as it is stated: “The plowers plowed upon my back;they made long their furrows” (Psalms 129:3). bAfterthe Egyptians bwould leave,the babies bwould emerge and exitthe ground blike grass of the field, as it is stated: “I caused you to increase even as the growth of the field”(Ezekiel 16:7)., bAnd oncethe babies bwould grow, they would come like many flocksof sheep bto their homes, as it is statedin the continuation of the verse: b“And you did increase and grow up and you came with excellent beauty [ iba’adi adayim /i]”(Ezekiel 16:7). bDo not readthe verse as: b“ iBa’adi adayim /i,”“with excellent beauty.” bRather,read it as: iBe’edrei adarim /i,meaning: As many flocks., bAnd when the Holy One, Blessed be He, revealed Himself at theRed bSea,these children brecognized Him first, as it is stated: “This is my God, and I will glorify Him”(Exodus 15:2). They recognized Him from the previous time that He revealed Himself to them in their infancy, enabling them to say: “This is my God.”,§ The verse states: b“And the king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives,of whom the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah” (Exodus 1:15). bRav and Shmueldisagree as to the proper interpretation of this verse. bOne saysthat these midwives were ba woman and her daughter, and one saysthat they were ba daughter-in-law and her mother-in-law.According to the bone who saysthat they were ba woman and her daughter,the women were bJochebed,the mother of Moses and Aaron, bandher daughter, bMiriam. Andaccording to the bone who saysthat they were ba daughter-in-law and her mother-in-law,the verse is referring to bJochebed andher daughter-in-law bElisheba,the wife of Aaron.,It bis taughtin a ibaraita baccording to the one who saysthat they were ba woman and her daughter, because itis btaughtin a ibaraita /i: With regard to bShiphrah,who is referred to in the verse, bthisis really a reference to bJochebed. And why was she called Shiphrah? Because she would prepare [ imishapperet /i] the newborn. Alternatively,she is referred to as bShiphrah because the Jewish people increased and multiplied [ ishepparu verabbu /i] in her days,due to her assistance.,The ibaraitacontinues: With regard to bPuah,who is referred to in the verse, bthisis really a reference to bMiriam. And why was she called Puah? Because she would make a comforting sound [ ipo’a /i] as she would remove the childfrom the womb of the mother. bAlternatively,the word bPuahis related to one of the verbs that describe speaking, bas she would speak [ ipo’a /i] through divine inspiration and say: In the future, my mother will give birth to a son who will save the Jewish people. /b,The next verse relates the instructions of Pharaoh to the midwives: b“And he said: When you deliver the Hebrew women,and you look upon the stones [ iovnayim /i], if it be a son, then you shall kill him; but if it be a daughter, then she shall live” (Exodus 1:16). The Gemara asks: bWhatis the meaning of b“stones”? Rabbi Ḥa says:Pharaoh btransmitted a great sign to them. He said to them: At the timewhen a woman bcrouches to give birth, her thighs become as cold as stones,and, therefore, this shall be for you a sign that the woman is about to give birth., bAnd there are those who sayan alternative explanation for iovnayim /i: bAs it is written: “So I went down to the potter’s shop, and behold, he was at his work on the wheels [ iovnayim /i]”(Jeremiah 18:3). bJust as this pottersits so that one bthighis bhere andone bthighis bthere and the blockupon which he works bis in the middle, so too, a womangiving birth also has one bthigh here andone bthigh there and the newborn is in the middle. /b,The verse continues: b“If it be a son, then you shall kill him;but if it be a daughter, then she shall live” (Exodus 1:16). bRabbi Ḥanina says:Pharaoh btransmitted to them a great signto enable them to know the gender of the infant from the beginning of the birth process: bA boyis born with bhis face downward; a girlis born with bher face upward.Pharaoh provided them with this sign so that they could kill the boys secretly even before the mother realized what was happening.,The next verse states: b“But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt spoke about them [ ialeihen /i],but they kept the male children alive” (Exodus 1:17). The Gemara comments: bIt should havestated: “Spoke bto them [ ilahen /i].” Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, says:This bteaches thatPharaoh bproposed to them toengage in ba sinful act,i.e., sexual intercourse, with him, bbut they did not accepthis overtures. The word ialeihenis often used in reference to sexual intercourse, for example: “And brought her to him; and he consorted with her [ ieileha /i]” (Genesis 29:23), and that is its connotation here as well.,The verse concludes: b“But they kept the male children alive”(Exodus 1:17). A Sage bteaches:It is bnot only that they did not killthe children as Pharaoh had commanded them, bbut that they wouldeven bprovide for them water and food,as the phrase “But they kept the male children alive” indicates.,After being questioned by Pharaoh concerning their failure to obey his command, the midwives responded, as it is written: b“And the midwives said to Pharaoh: Becausethe Hebrew women bare not as theEgyptian bwomen,for they are lively [ iḥayot /i], and are delivered before the midwife comes to them” (Exodus 1:19). The Gemara asks: bWhatis the meaning of b“ iḥayot /i”? If we saythat the Hebrew women are like iḥayot /i, meaning bactual midwivesfor themselves, and therefore they do not need assistance from others, bis that to saythat ba midwife does not needthe assistance of banother midwifein order bto help her give birth? /b, bRather,the midwives bsaid toPharaoh: bThis nation is compared to an animal [ iḥayya /i],and animals give birth without a midwife. For example, with regard to bJudahit is written: “Judah is ba lion’s whelp”(Genesis 49:9); with regard to bDanit is written: b“Dan shall be a serpentin the way” (Genesis 49:17); with regard to bNaphtaliit is written: b“A hind let loose”(Genesis 49:21); with regard to bIssacharit is written: b“A large-boned donkey”(Genesis 49:14); with regard to bJosephit is written: “His bfirst bullock”(Deuteronomy 33:17); with regard to bBenjaminit is written: b“A ravenous wolf”(Genesis 49:27).,The Gemara comments: Concerning those individuals bwherea comparison to an animal bis written with regard to him,it bisalready bwritten with regard to him. Andconcerning those bwhere nospecific metaphor comparing them to an animal is bwritten with regard to himexplicitly, in any case a general comparison bis written aboutthe Jewish people: b“How your mother was a lioness; among lions she crouched,in the midst of the young lions she reared her whelps” (Ezekiel 19:2), indicating that all the Jewish people are compared to animals.,The verse relates the midwives’ reward: b“And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that He made them houses”(Exodus 1:21). bRav and Shmueldisagree as to the precise interpretation of these houses: bOne saysthat God made bthe houses ofthe bpriesthood andthe bLevitesdescend from the midwives, band one saysthat God made the bhouses of royaltydescend from them. bThe one who saysthat it is referring to the bhouses ofthe bpriesthood andthe bLevitesis referring to bAaron and Moses,who were sons of Jochebed. bAnd the one who saysthat it is referring to bhouses of royaltyis referring to bDavid,who balso comes from Miriam, as it is written: “And Azubah,” the wife of Caleb, “died, and Caleb took to him Ephrath, who bore him Hur”(I Chronicles 2:19) and, as will be explained further, Ephrath is Miriam. bAnd it is written: “David was the son of that Ephrathiteof Bethlehem in Judah” (I Samuel 17:12). Therefore, he was a descendant of Miriam.,The Gemara discusses the family of Caleb: In Chronicles it says: b“And Caleb, the son of Hezron, begot children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth, and these were her sons: Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon”(I Chronicles 2:18). The Gemara asks: Was Caleb actually the bson of Hezron? Wasn’t hethe bson of Jephunneh,as the verse states in Numbers 13:6? The Gemara answers: He was the son of Hezron, but he is called “son of Jephunneh” as an appellation indicating that he was ba son who turned away [ isheppana /i] from the counsel of the spies. /b,The Gemara asks: bButit is bstilldifficult. Hezron could not be his father, as Caleb bwasthe bson of Kenaz, as it is written: “And Othniel, the son of Kenaz, Caleb’syounger bbrother, took it”(Judges 1:13). This would mean that Caleb was also a son of Kenaz. bRava said:Caleb bwas the stepson of Kenaz,as he and Othniel shared a mother but had different fathers.
26. Babylonian Talmud, Taanit, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)

8b. נאמרה עצירה באשה שנאמר (בראשית כ, יח) כי עצר עצר ה' בעד כל רחם ונאמרה עצירה בגשמים דכתיב (דברים יא, יז) ועצר את השמים,נאמר לידה באשה ונאמר לידה בגשמים נאמר לידה באשה דכתיב (בראשית ל, כג) ותהר ותלד בן ונאמר לידה בגשמים דכתיב (ישעיהו נה, י) והולידה והצמיחה,נאמר פקידה באשה ונאמר פקידה בגשמים נאמר פקידה באשה דכתיב (בראשית כא, א) וה' פקד את שרה ונאמר פקידה בגשמים דכתיב (תהלים סה, י) פקדת הארץ ותשקקה רבת תעשרנה פלג אלהים מלא מים,מאי פלג אלהים מלא מים תנא כמין קובה יש ברקיע שממנה גשמים יוצאין,אמר רבי שמואל בר נחמני מאי דכתיב (איוב לז, יג) אם לשבט אם לארצו אם לחסד ימציאהו אם לשבט בהרים ובגבעות אם לחסד ימציאהו לארצו בשדות ובכרמים,אם לשבט לאילנות אם לארצו לזרעים אם לחסד ימציאהו בורות שיחין ומערות,בימי רבי שמואל בר נחמני הוה כפנא ומותנא אמרי היכי נעביד ניבעי רחמי אתרתי לא אפשר אלא ליבעי רחמי אמותנא וכפנא ניסבול אמר להו ר' שמואל בר נחמני ניבעי רחמי אכפנא דכי יהיב רחמנא שובעא לחיי הוא דיהיב דכתיב (תהלים קמה, טז) פותח את ידך ומשביע לכל חי רצון,ומנלן דלא מצלינן אתרתי דכתיב (עזרא ח, כג) ונצומה ונבקשה מאלהינו על זאת מכלל דאיכא אחריתי במערבא אמרי משמיה דר' חגי מהכא (דניאל ב, יח) ורחמין למבעא מן קדם אלה שמיא על רזא דנא מכלל דאיכא אחריתי,בימי ר' זירא גזור גזרה וגזור דלא למיתב בתעניתא אמר להו ר' זירא נקבליה עילוון ולכי בטיל הגזירה ליתביה,אמרי ליה מנא לך הא אמר להו דכתיב (דניאל י, יב) ויאמר אלי אל תירא דניאל כי מן היום הראשון אשר נתת את לבך להבין ולהתענות לפני אלהיך נשמעו דבריך,אמר רבי יצחק אפילו שנים כשני אליהו וירדו גשמים בערבי שבתות אינן אלא סימן קללה היינו דאמר רבה בר שילא קשה יומא דמיטרא כיומא דדינא אמר אמימר אי לא דצריך לברייתא בעינן רחמי ומבטלינן ליה,ואמר רבי יצחק שמש בשבת צדקה לעניים שנאמר (מלאכי ג, כ) וזרחה לכם יראי שמי שמש צדקה ומרפא ואמר רבי יצחק גדול יום הגשמים שאפילו פרוטה שבכיס מתברכת בו שנאמר (דברים כח, יב) לתת מטר ארצך בעתו ולברך את כל מעשה ידיך,ואמר רבי יצחק אין הברכה מצויה אלא בדבר הסמוי מן העין שנאמר (דברים כח, ח) יצו ה' אתך את הברכה באסמיך תנא דבי ר' ישמעאל אין הברכה מצויה אלא בדבר שאין העין שולטת בו שנאמר יצו ה' אתך את הברכה באסמיך,ת"ר הנכנס למוד את גרנו אומר יר"מ ה' אלהינו שתשלח ברכה במעשה ידינו התחיל למוד אומר ברוך השולח ברכה בכרי הזה מדד ואח"כ בירך הרי זו תפלת שוא לפי שאין הברכה מצויה לא בדבר השקול ולא בדבר המדוד ולא בדבר המנוי אלא בדבר הסמוי מן העין:,קיבוץ גייסות צדקה (מעשה) פרנס סימן: אמר רבי יוחנן גדול יום הגשמים כיום קבוץ גליות שנאמר (תהלים קכו, ד) שובה ה' את שביתנו כאפיקים בנגב ואין אפיקים אלא מטר שנאמר (שמואל ב כב, טז) ויראו אפיקי ים,ואמר רבי יוחנן גדול יום הגשמים שאפילו גייסות פוסקות בו שנאמר (תהלים סה, יא) תלמיה רוה נחת גדודיה ואמר רבי יוחנן אין הגשמים נעצרין אלא בשביל פוסקי צדקה ברבים ואין נותנין שנאמר (משלי כה, יד) נשיאים ורוח וגשם אין איש מתהלל במתת שקר,וא"ר יוחנן מאי דכתיב 8b. Reish Lakish elaborates: bClosing up is stated with regard to a womanwho cannot give birth, bas it is stated: “For the Lord has fast closed up all the wombs”(Genesis 20:18), band closing up is stated with regard to rains, as it is written: “And He will close up the heavens”(Deuteronomy 11:17).,Likewise, an expression of bgiving birth is stated with regard to a woman, andan expression of bgiving birth isalso bstated with regard to rain.Specifically, bgiving birth is stated with regard to a woman, as it is writtenin the case of Rachel, when God had mercy on her: b“And she conceived and gave birth to a son”(Genesis 30:23). bAnd giving birth is stated with regard to rain, as it is written:“For as the rain comes down, and the snow from heaven, and does not return there, except it waters the earth band causes it to give birth and bud”(Isaiah 55:10).,Lastly, an expression of bremembering is statedin connection bwith a woman, andan expression of bremembering isalso bstatedin connection bto rain. Remembering is statedin connection bwith a woman, as it is written: “And the Lord remembered Sarah”(Genesis 21:1), band remembering is statedin connection bto rain, as it is written: “You have remembered the earth and have watered it; greatly enriching it, with the pool of God that is full of water”(Psalms 65:10).,The Gemara asks a question with regard to this verse. bWhatis the meaning of the phrase: b“With the pool of God that is full of water”?The Gemara answers that it was btaughtin a ibaraita /i: bThere is a kind of vault [ ikuba /i] in the sky, out of which the rain falls. /b, bRabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani said: What isthe meaning of that bwhich is written:“Whatever he commands them upon the face of the habitable world, bwhether it is for correction, or for His earth, or for mercy that He causes it to come”(Job 37:12–13)? The phrase b“whether it is for correction”means that if the people are judged unfavorably, the rain will fall bon the mountains and on the hills.The phrase “or for His earth” indicates that if they have been judged b“for mercy,” He will cause it to come “for His earth,” on the fields and on the vineyards. /b,Alternatively, the phrase b“whether it is for correction”means that the rain will provide benefit only bfor the trees; “or for His earth”indicates that rain will fall solely for the benefit bof seeds;and b“or for mercy that He causes it to come”means that rain will fill the bcisterns, ditches, and caveswith enough water to last the dry season.,§ The Gemara relates: bIn the days of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani there was a famine and a plague.The Sages bsaid: Whatshould we bdo? Should we pray for mercy for twotroubles, both the famine and the plague? This is bnot possible,as it is improper to pray for the alleviation of two afflictions at once. bRather, let us pray for mercy for the plague, andas for the bfamine, wemust bbearit. bRabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani said to them:On the contrary, blet us pray for mercy for the famine, as when the Merciful One provides plenty, He gives it forthe sake of bthe living,i.e., if God answers this prayer then he will certainly bring an end to the plague as well, bas it is written: “You open Your hand and satisfy every living thing with favor”(Psalms 145:16).,The Gemara explains: bAnd from where do wederive bthatone should not pray bfor twotroubles simultaneously? bAs it is written: “So we fasted and beseeched our God for this”(Ezra 8:23). bFrom the factthat the verse states: “For this,” it may be inferred bthat there is anothertrouble about which the people did not pray. bIn the West,Eretz Yisrael, bthey say in the name of Rabbi Ḥaggaithat this idea comes bfrom here: “That they might ask mercy of the God of Heaven concerning this secret”(Daniel 2:18). bFrom the factthat the verse states: “This secret,” it may be inferred bthat there is anothertrouble about which they did not pray.,In a similar vein, the Gemara relates: bIn the days of Rabbi Zeira a decree ofreligious bpersecutionwas decreed against the Jews. bAndas the bdecreewas bthat they were notallowed bto fast,the Jews were certainly unable to fast and pray for the nullification of the decree itself. bRabbi Zeira said tothe people: bLet us takea fast bupon ourselves,despite the fact that in practice we cannot observe it, band whenthe decree of religious bpersecution is annulled we will observe the fast. /b, bThey said to him: From where do youknow bthis,the fact that one may take a fast upon himself that he cannot observe? Rabbi Zeira bsaid to themthat the reason is bas it is written: “Then he said to me: Fear not, Daniel, for from the first day that you set your heart to understand, and to fast before your God, your words were heard”(Daniel 10:12). This verse indicates that from the moment one turns his heart to fast, his prayers are heard.,The Gemara returns to the topic of rain. bRabbi Yitzḥak said: Evenin byears like the years of Elijah,when God decreed that no rain would fall, if brain falls on Shabbat eves it is nothing otherthan ba sign of a curse,as the rain disrupts the preparations for Shabbat. bThis isthe same as that bwhich Rabba bar Sheila said: A rainy day is as difficult as a judgment day. Ameimareven bsaid: Wereit bnotfor the fact bthatrain is needed bby people, we would pray for mercy andto bannul it,due to the nuisances that rain causes., bAnd Rabbi Yitzḥak said: Sun on Shabbat is charity for the poor,who are then able to enjoy the outdoors without suffering from cold. bAs it is stated: “But for you who fear My name, the sun of righteousness shall arise with healing in its wings”(Malachi 3:20). bAnd Rabbi Yitzḥakfurther bsaid: The day of the rains is great, as even a iperutainone’s bpocket is blessed on it, as it is stated: “To give the rain of your land in its due time, and to bless all the work of your hand”(Deuteronomy 28:12)., bAndapropos blessings, bRabbi Yitzḥak said: A blessing is found only in an object that is hidden [ isamui /i] from the eye,not in an item visible to all, as public miracles are exceedingly rare. bAs it is stated: “The Lord will command His blessing upon you in your barns [ iba’asamekha /i]”(Deuteronomy 28:8). Rabbi Yitzḥak’s exposition is based on the linguistic similarity between isamuiand iasamekha /i. Likewise, bthe school of Rabbi Yishmael taught: A blessing is found only in an object that is not exposed to the eye, as it is stated: “The Lord will command His blessing upon you in your barns.” /b, bThe Sages taught: One who enters to measureproduce bin his granary recites: May it be Your will, Lord our God, that You send a blessing upon the work of our hands.After he has bbegun to measure, he recites: Blessedis He bwho sends a blessing upon this pile.If one first bmeasured and afterward recited the blessing, it is a prayerin bvain, as a blessing is not found either in an object that is weighed or in an object that is measured or in an object that is counted,as these would constitute open miracles. bRather,a blessing is found only bin an object that is hidden from the eye. /b,§ The Gemara cites five statements of Rabbi Yoḥa, in accordance with the following bmnemonic: Ingathering; armies; charity; tithe; sustainer. Rabbi Yoḥa said: The day of the rains is as great as the day of the ingathering of the exiles, as it is stated: “Turn our captivity, O Lord, as the streams in the dry land”(Psalms 126:4), band “streams”means bnothing otherthan brain, as it is stated: “And the streams of the sea appeared”(II Samuel 22:16)., bAnd Rabbi Yoḥa said: The day of the rains is great, as even armies stop fighting on itdue to the rain and mud. bAs it is stated: “Watering its ridges abundantly; settling down its furrows [ igedudeha /i]”(Psalms 65:11). As the word igedudimcan mean both furrows or armies and is spelled identically with each meaning, this alludes to the idea that during the rainy season soldiers become entrenched in place. bAnd Rabbi Yoḥafurther bsaid: Rain is withheld only due to those who pledge charity in public but do not giveit, bas it is stated: “As vapors and wind without rain, so is he who boasts of a false gift”(Proverbs 25:14)., bAnd Rabbi Yoḥa said: What isthe meaning of that bwhich is written: /b


Subjects of this text:

subject book bibliographic info
aggadah, in biblical interpretation Borowitz, The Talmud's Theological Language-Game: A Philosophical Discourse Analysis (2006) 202
anan, r. Borowitz, The Talmud's Theological Language-Game: A Philosophical Discourse Analysis (2006) 202
biblical Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
biblical interpretation, jewish context Esler, The Early Christian World (2000) 663
biblical interpretation, pesher interpretation Esler, The Early Christian World (2000) 663
biblical texts, aggadah and Borowitz, The Talmud's Theological Language-Game: A Philosophical Discourse Analysis (2006) 202
cross Legaspi, Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition (2018) 230
crucifixion, jesus death Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
delight Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
eschatological judge Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
exegesis, exegetical, interpretation of scripture Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
exegesis, rabbinic Esler, The Early Christian World (2000) 663
faith, faithfulness Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
gentile christians Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
god, presence of Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
helbo, r. Borowitz, The Talmud's Theological Language-Game: A Philosophical Discourse Analysis (2006) 202
immersion Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
incense Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
jesus, failure of his messianic enterprise vii Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
jesus Legaspi, Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition (2018) 230
joy Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
knowledge, human and divine Legaspi, Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition (2018) 230
knowledge, ruling Legaspi, Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition (2018) 230
lawless one, man of lawlessness Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
moon Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
mystery, mysterious, heavenly secrets vii Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
mystery Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
new testament Legaspi, Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition (2018) 230
paul, pauline Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
paul Legaspi, Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition (2018) 230
postponement of the end/redemption, the crisis of vii Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
qumran, qumranic, anti-qumranic Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
righteous, righteousness Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
samuel b. nahman, r. (nahmani), interpretations of Borowitz, The Talmud's Theological Language-Game: A Philosophical Discourse Analysis (2006) 202
samuel b. nahman, r. (nahmani) Borowitz, The Talmud's Theological Language-Game: A Philosophical Discourse Analysis (2006) 202
satan, devil, belial, melkhiresha, evil one, angel of darkness Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
spirit Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
sun Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
torah Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
williams, drake Legaspi, Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition (2018) 230
wind Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
wisdom, human Legaspi, Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition (2018) 230
wisdom, in 1 corinthians' Legaspi, Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition (2018) 230
wisdom, wisdom literature Ruzer, Early Jewish Messianism in the New Testament: Reflections in the Dim Mirror (2020) 220
worship Levison, The Greek Life of Adam and Eve (2023) 844
zeira, r., on aggadah Borowitz, The Talmud's Theological Language-Game: A Philosophical Discourse Analysis (2006) 202