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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database



6279
Hebrew Bible, Ecclesiastes, 3.19-3.20


כִּי מִקְרֶה בְנֵי־הָאָדָם וּמִקְרֶה הַבְּהֵמָה וּמִקְרֶה אֶחָד לָהֶם כְּמוֹת זֶה כֵּן מוֹת זֶה וְרוּחַ אֶחָד לַכֹּל וּמוֹתַר הָאָדָם מִן־הַבְּהֵמָה אָיִן כִּי הַכֹּל הָבֶל׃For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them; as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that man hath no pre-eminence above a beast; for all is vanity.


nanAll go unto one place; all are of the dust, and all return to dust.


Intertexts (texts cited often on the same page as the searched text):

23 results
1. Septuagint, Tobit, 3.10, 13.2 (th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

3.10. When she heard these things she was deeply grieved, even to the thought of hanging herself. But she said, "I am the only child of my father; if I do this, it will be a disgrace to him, and I shall bring his old age down in sorrow to the grave. 13.2. For he afflicts, and he shows mercy;he leads down to Hades, and brings up again,and there is no one who can escape his hand.
2. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 22.5, 28.7, 28.29, 28.31, 28.48, 28.62, 28.66 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

22.5. לֹא־יִהְיֶה כְלִי־גֶבֶר עַל־אִשָּׁה וְלֹא־יִלְבַּשׁ גֶּבֶר שִׂמְלַת אִשָּׁה כִּי תוֹעֲבַת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ כָּל־עֹשֵׂה אֵלֶּה׃ 28.7. יִתֵּן יְהוָה אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ הַקָּמִים עָלֶיךָ נִגָּפִים לְפָנֶיךָ בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶחָד יֵצְאוּ אֵלֶיךָ וּבְשִׁבְעָה דְרָכִים יָנוּסוּ לְפָנֶיךָ׃ 28.29. וְהָיִיתָ מְמַשֵּׁשׁ בַּצָּהֳרַיִם כַּאֲשֶׁר יְמַשֵּׁשׁ הָעִוֵּר בָּאֲפֵלָה וְלֹא תַצְלִיחַ אֶת־דְּרָכֶיךָ וְהָיִיתָ אַךְ עָשׁוּק וְגָזוּל כָּל־הַיָּמִים וְאֵין מוֹשִׁיעַ׃ 28.31. שׁוֹרְךָ טָבוּחַ לְעֵינֶיךָ וְלֹא תֹאכַל מִמֶּנּוּ חֲמֹרְךָ גָּזוּל מִלְּפָנֶיךָ וְלֹא יָשׁוּב לָךְ צֹאנְךָ נְתֻנוֹת לְאֹיְבֶיךָ וְאֵין לְךָ מוֹשִׁיעַ׃ 28.48. וְעָבַדְתָּ אֶת־אֹיְבֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר יְשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ יְהוָה בָּךְ בְּרָעָב וּבְצָמָא וּבְעֵירֹם וּבְחֹסֶר כֹּל וְנָתַן עֹל בַּרְזֶל עַל־צַוָּארֶךָ עַד הִשְׁמִידוֹ אֹתָךְ׃ 28.62. וְנִשְׁאַרְתֶּם בִּמְתֵי מְעָט תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר הֱיִיתֶם כְּכוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם לָרֹב כִּי־לֹא שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקוֹל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ׃ 28.66. וְהָיוּ חַיֶּיךָ תְּלֻאִים לְךָ מִנֶּגֶד וּפָחַדְתָּ לַיְלָה וְיוֹמָם וְלֹא תַאֲמִין בְּחַיֶּיךָ׃ 22.5. A woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman’s garment; for whosoever doeth these things is an abomination unto the LORD thy God." 28.7. The LORD will cause thine enemies that rise up against thee to be smitten before thee; they shall come out against thee one way, and shall flee before thee seven ways." 28.29. And thou shalt grope at noonday, as the blind gropeth in darkness, and thou shalt not make thy ways prosperous; and thou shalt be only oppressed and robbed alway, and there shall be none to save thee." 28.31. Thine ox shall be slain before thine eyes, and thou shalt not eat thereof; thine ass shall be violently taken away from before thy face, and shall not be restored to thee; thy sheep shall be given unto thine enemies; and thou shalt have none to save thee." 28.48. therefore shalt thou serve thine enemy whom the LORD shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things; and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee." 28.62. And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou didst not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God." 28.66. And thy life shall hang in doubt before thee; and thou shalt fear night and day, and shalt have no assurance of thy life."
3. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 1.26, 2.7, 3.17-3.19, 5.24, 7.15, 42.38, 44.29 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

1.26. וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים נַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם בְּצַלְמֵנוּ כִּדְמוּתֵנוּ וְיִרְדּוּ בִדְגַת הַיָּם וּבְעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה וּבְכָל־הָאָרֶץ וּבְכָל־הָרֶמֶשׂ הָרֹמֵשׂ עַל־הָאָרֶץ׃ 2.7. וַיִּיצֶר יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הָאָדָם עָפָר מִן־הָאֲדָמָה וַיִּפַּח בְּאַפָּיו נִשְׁמַת חַיִּים וַיְהִי הָאָדָם לְנֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה׃ 3.17. וּלְאָדָם אָמַר כִּי־שָׁמַעְתָּ לְקוֹל אִשְׁתֶּךָ וַתֹּאכַל מִן־הָעֵץ אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִיךָ לֵאמֹר לֹא תֹאכַל מִמֶּנּוּ אֲרוּרָה הָאֲדָמָה בַּעֲבוּרֶךָ בְּעִצָּבוֹן תֹּאכֲלֶנָּה כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיךָ׃ 3.18. וְקוֹץ וְדַרְדַּר תַּצְמִיחַ לָךְ וְאָכַלְתָּ אֶת־עֵשֶׂב הַשָּׂדֶה׃ 3.19. בְּזֵעַת אַפֶּיךָ תֹּאכַל לֶחֶם עַד שׁוּבְךָ אֶל־הָאֲדָמָה כִּי מִמֶּנָּה לֻקָּחְתָּ כִּי־עָפָר אַתָּה וְאֶל־עָפָר תָּשׁוּב׃ 5.24. וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ חֲנוֹךְ אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים וְאֵינֶנּוּ כִּי־לָקַח אֹתוֹ אֱלֹהִים׃ 7.15. וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל־נֹחַ אֶל־הַתֵּבָה שְׁנַיִם שְׁנַיִם מִכָּל־הַבָּשָׂר אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים׃ 42.38. וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא־יֵרֵד בְּנִי עִמָּכֶם כִּי־אָחִיו מֵת וְהוּא לְבַדּוֹ נִשְׁאָר וּקְרָאָהוּ אָסוֹן בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר תֵּלְכוּ־בָהּ וְהוֹרַדְתֶּם אֶת־שֵׂיבָתִי בְּיָגוֹן שְׁאוֹלָה׃ 44.29. וּלְקַחְתֶּם גַּם־אֶת־זֶה מֵעִם פָּנַי וְקָרָהוּ אָסוֹן וְהוֹרַדְתֶּם אֶת־שֵׂיבָתִי בְּרָעָה שְׁאֹלָה׃ 1.26. And God said: ‘Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.’" 2.7. Then the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul." 3.17. And unto Adam He said: ‘Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying: Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life." 3.18. Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field." 3.19. In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.’" 5.24. And Enoch walked with God, and he was not; for God took him." 7.15. And they went in unto Noah into the ark, two and two of all flesh wherein is the breath of life." 42.38. And he said: ‘My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he only is left; if harm befall him by the way in which ye go, then will ye bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave." 44.29. and if ye take this one also from me, and harm befall him, ye will bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave."
4. Hebrew Bible, Job, 34.15 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

34.15. יִגְוַע כָּל־בָּשָׂר יָחַד וְאָדָם עַל־עָפָר יָשׁוּב׃ 34.15. All flesh shall perish together, And man shall return unto dust."
5. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 19 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

6. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 30.26 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

30.26. שְׁפַנִּים עַם לֹא־עָצוּם וַיָּשִׂימוּ בַסֶּלַע בֵּיתָם׃ 30.26. The rock-badgers are but a feeble folk, Yet make they their houses in the crags;"
7. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 6.5, 17.15, 36.7, 49.16-49.17, 73.23-73.25, 73.27-73.28, 78.3, 79.3, 88.3, 103.18, 104.13-104.15, 104.18, 118.22, 144.4, 146.6 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

6.5. שׁוּבָה יְהוָה חַלְּצָה נַפְשִׁי הוֹשִׁיעֵנִי לְמַעַן חַסְדֶּךָ׃ 17.15. אֲנִי בְּצֶדֶק אֶחֱזֶה פָנֶיךָ אֶשְׂבְּעָה בְהָקִיץ תְּמוּנָתֶךָ׃ 36.7. צִדְקָתְךָ כְּהַרְרֵי־אֵל מִשְׁפָּטֶךָ תְּהוֹם רַבָּה אָדָם־וּבְהֵמָה תוֹשִׁיעַ יְהוָה׃ 49.16. אַךְ־אֱלֹהִים יִפְדֶּה נַפְשִׁי מִיַּד־שְׁאוֹל כִּי יִקָּחֵנִי סֶלָה׃ 49.17. אַל־תִּירָא כִּי־יַעֲשִׁר אִישׁ כִּי־יִרְבֶּה כְּבוֹד בֵּיתוֹ׃ 73.23. וַאֲנִי תָמִיד עִמָּךְ אָחַזְתָּ בְּיַד־יְמִינִי׃ 73.24. בַּעֲצָתְךָ תַנְחֵנִי וְאַחַר כָּבוֹד תִּקָּחֵנִי׃ 73.25. מִי־לִי בַשָּׁמָיִם וְעִמְּךָ לֹא־חָפַצְתִּי בָאָרֶץ׃ 73.27. כִּי־הִנֵּה רְחֵקֶיךָ יֹאבֵדוּ הִצְמַתָּה כָּל־זוֹנֶה מִמֶּךָּ׃ 73.28. וַאֲנִי קִרֲבַת אֱלֹהִים לִי־טוֹב שַׁתִּי בַּאדֹנָי יְהֹוִה מַחְסִי לְסַפֵּר כָּל־מַלְאֲכוֹתֶיךָ׃ 78.3. לֹא־זָרוּ מִתַּאֲוָתָם עוֹד אָכְלָם בְּפִיהֶם׃ 78.3. אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְנוּ וַנֵּדָעֵם וַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָנוּ׃ 79.3. שָׁפְכוּ דָמָם כַּמַּיִם סְבִיבוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָם וְאֵין קוֹבֵר׃ 88.3. תָּבוֹא לְפָנֶיךָ תְּפִלָּתִי הַטֵּה־אָזְנְךָ לְרִנָּתִי׃ 103.18. לְשֹׁמְרֵי בְרִיתוֹ וּלְזֹכְרֵי פִקֻּדָיו לַעֲשׂוֹתָם׃ 104.13. מַשְׁקֶה הָרִים מֵעֲלִיּוֹתָיו מִפְּרִי מַעֲשֶׂיךָ תִּשְׂבַּע הָאָרֶץ׃ 104.14. מַצְמִיחַ חָצִיר לַבְּהֵמָה וְעֵשֶׂב לַעֲבֹדַת הָאָדָם לְהוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן־הָאָרֶץ׃ 104.15. וְיַיִן יְשַׂמַּח לְבַב־אֱנוֹשׁ לְהַצְהִיל פָּנִים מִשָּׁמֶן וְלֶחֶם לְבַב־אֱנוֹשׁ יִסְעָד׃ 104.18. הָרִים הַגְּבֹהִים לַיְּעֵלִים סְלָעִים מַחְסֶה לַשְׁפַנִּים׃ 118.22. אֶבֶן מָאֲסוּ הַבּוֹנִים הָיְתָה לְרֹאשׁ פִּנָּה׃ 144.4. אָדָם לַהֶבֶל דָּמָה יָמָיו כְּצֵל עוֹבֵר׃ 146.6. עֹשֶׂה שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ אֶת־הַיָּם וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּם הַשֹּׁמֵר אֱמֶת לְעוֹלָם׃ 6.5. Return, O LORD, deliver my soul; Save me for Thy mercy's sake." 17.15. As for me, I shall behold Thy face in righteousness; I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with Thy likeness." 36.7. Thy righteousness is like the mighty mountains; Thy judgments are like the great deep; Man and beast Thou preservest, O LORD." 49.16. But God will redeem my soul from the power of the nether-world; For He shall receive me. Selah" 49.17. Be not thou afraid when one waxeth rich, When the wealth of his house is increased;" 73.23. Nevertheless I am continually with Thee; Thou holdest my right hand." 73.24. Thou wilt guide me with Thy counsel, And afterward receive me with glory." 73.25. Whom have I in heaven but Thee? And beside Thee I desire none upon earth." 73.27. For, lo, they that go far from Thee shall perish; Thou dost destroy all them that go astray from Thee." 73.28. But as for me, the nearness of God is my good; I have made the Lord GOD my refuge, That I may tell of all Thy works." 78.3. That which we have heard and known, And our fathers have told us," 79.3. They have shed their blood like water Round about Jerusalem, with none to bury them." 88.3. Let my prayer come before Thee, Incline Thine ear unto my cry." 103.18. To such as keep His covet, And to those that remember His precepts to do them." 104.13. Who waterest the mountains from Thine upper chambers; The earth is full of the fruit of Thy works." 104.14. Who causeth the grass to spring up for the cattle, And herb for the service of man; To bring forth bread out of the earth," 104.15. And wine that maketh glad the heart of man, Making the face brighter than oil, And bread that stayeth man's heart." 104.18. The high mountains are for the wild goats; The rocks are a refuge for the conies." 118.22. The stone which the builders rejected Is become the chief corner-stone." 144.4. Man is like unto a breath; His days are as a shadow that passeth away." 146.6. Who made heaven and earth, The sea, and all that in them is; Who keepeth truth for ever;"
8. Hebrew Bible, Amos, 5.11, 6.6 (8th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE)

5.11. לָכֵן יַעַן בּוֹשַׁסְכֶם עַל־דָּל וּמַשְׂאַת־בַּר תִּקְחוּ מִמֶּנּוּ בָּתֵּי גָזִית בְּנִיתֶם וְלֹא־תֵשְׁבוּ בָם כַּרְמֵי־חֶמֶד נְטַעְתֶּם וְלֹא תִשְׁתּוּ אֶת־יֵינָם׃ 6.6. הַשֹּׁתִים בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן וְרֵאשִׁית שְׁמָנִים יִמְשָׁחוּ וְלֹא נֶחְלוּ עַל־שֵׁבֶר יוֹסֵף 5.11. Therefore, because ye trample upon the poor, And take from him exactions of wheat; Ye have built houses of hewn stone, But ye shall not dwell in them, Ye have planted pleasant vineyards, But ye shall not drink wine thereof." 6.6. That drink wine in bowls, And anoint themselves with the chief ointments; But they are not grieved for the hurt of Joseph."
9. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 10.3, 26.7, 26.10, 26.14, 26.17-26.21, 50.2 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

10.3. וּמַה־תַּעֲשׂוּ לְיוֹם פְּקֻדָּה וּלְשׁוֹאָה מִמֶּרְחָק תָּבוֹא עַל־מִי תָּנוּסוּ לְעֶזְרָה וְאָנָה תַעַזְבוּ כְּבוֹדְכֶם׃ 10.3. צַהֲלִי קוֹלֵךְ בַּת־גַּלִּים הַקְשִׁיבִי לַיְשָׁה עֲנִיָּה עֲנָתוֹת׃ 26.7. אֹרַח לַצַּדִּיק מֵישָׁרִים יָשָׁר מַעְגַּל צַדִּיק תְּפַלֵּס׃ 26.14. מֵתִים בַּל־יִחְיוּ רְפָאִים בַּל־יָקֻמוּ לָכֵן פָּקַדְתָּ וַתַּשְׁמִידֵם וַתְּאַבֵּד כָּל־זֵכֶר לָמוֹ׃ 26.17. כְּמוֹ הָרָה תַּקְרִיב לָלֶדֶת תָּחִיל תִּזְעַק בַּחֲבָלֶיהָ כֵּן הָיִינוּ מִפָּנֶיךָ יְהוָה׃ 26.18. הָרִינוּ חַלְנוּ כְּמוֹ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ יְשׁוּעֹת בַּל־נַעֲשֶׂה אֶרֶץ וּבַל־יִפְּלוּ יֹשְׁבֵי תֵבֵל׃ 26.19. יִחְיוּ מֵתֶיךָ נְבֵלָתִי יְקוּמוּן הָקִיצוּ וְרַנְּנוּ שֹׁכְנֵי עָפָר כִּי טַל אוֹרֹת טַלֶּךָ וָאָרֶץ רְפָאִים תַּפִּיל׃ 26.21. כִּי־הִנֵּה יְהוָה יֹצֵא מִמְּקוֹמוֹ לִפְקֹד עֲוֺן יֹשֵׁב־הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו וְגִלְּתָה הָאָרֶץ אֶת־דָּמֶיהָ וְלֹא־תְכַסֶּה עוֹד עַל־הֲרוּגֶיהָ׃ 50.2. מַדּוּעַ בָּאתִי וְאֵין אִישׁ קָרָאתִי וְאֵין עוֹנֶה הֲקָצוֹר קָצְרָה יָדִי מִפְּדוּת וְאִם־אֵין־בִּי כֹחַ לְהַצִּיל הֵן בְּגַעֲרָתִי אַחֲרִיב יָם אָשִׂים נְהָרוֹת מִדְבָּר תִּבְאַשׁ דְּגָתָם מֵאֵין מַיִם וְתָמֹת בַּצָּמָא׃ 10.3. And what will ye do in the day of visitation, And in the ruin which shall come from far? To whom will ye flee for help? And where will ye leave your glory?" 26.7. The way of the just is straight; Thou, Most Upright, makest plain the path of the just." 26.10. Let favour be shown to the wicked, yet will he not learn righteousness; In the land of uprightness will he deal wrongfully, And will not behold the majesty of the LORD." 26.14. The dead live not, the shades rise not; To that end hast Thou punished and destroyed them, And made all their memory to perish." 26.17. Like as a woman with child, that draweth near the time of her delivery, Is in pain and crieth out in her pangs; So have we been at Thy presence, O LORD." 26.18. We have been with child, we have been in pain, We have as it were brought forth wind; We have not wrought any deliverance in the land; Neither are the inhabitants of the world come to life." 26.19. Thy dead shall live, my dead bodies shall arise— Awake and sing, ye that dwell in the dust— For Thy dew is as the dew of light, And the earth shall bring to life the shades." 26.20. Come, my people, enter thou into thy chambers, And shut thy doors about thee; Hide thyself for a little moment, Until the indignation be overpast." 26.21. For, behold, the LORD cometh forth out of His place To visit upon the inhabitants of the earth their iniquity; The earth also shall disclose her blood, And shall no more cover her slain." 50.2. Wherefore, when I came, was there no man? When I called, was there none to answer? Is My hand shortened at all, that it cannot redeem? Or have I no power to deliver? Behold, at My rebuke I dry up the sea, I make the rivers a wilderness; Their fish become foul, because there is no water, And die for thirst."
10. Hebrew Bible, Jeremiah, 8.23, 9.1, 17.11, 22.13, 32.42 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

8.23. מִי־יִתֵּן רֹאשִׁי מַיִם וְעֵינִי מְקוֹר דִּמְעָה וְאֶבְכֶּה יוֹמָם וָלַיְלָה אֵת חַלְלֵי בַת־עַמִּי׃ 9.1. מִי־יִתְּנֵנִי בַמִּדְבָּר מְלוֹן אֹרְחִים וְאֶעֶזְבָה אֶת־עַמִּי וְאֵלְכָה מֵאִתָּם כִּי כֻלָּם מְנָאֲפִים עֲצֶרֶת בֹּגְדִים׃ 9.1. וְנָתַתִּי אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלִַם לְגַלִּים מְעוֹן תַּנִּים וְאֶת־עָרֵי יְהוּדָה אֶתֵּן שְׁמָמָה מִבְּלִי יוֹשֵׁב׃ 17.11. קֹרֵא דָגַר וְלֹא יָלָד עֹשֶׂה עֹשֶׁר וְלֹא בְמִשְׁפָּט בַּחֲצִי ימו [יָמָיו] יַעַזְבֶנּוּ וּבְאַחֲרִיתוֹ יִהְיֶה נָבָל׃ 22.13. הוֹי בֹּנֶה בֵיתוֹ בְּלֹא־צֶדֶק וַעֲלִיּוֹתָיו בְּלֹא מִשְׁפָּט בְּרֵעֵהוּ יַעֲבֹד חִנָּם וּפֹעֲלוֹ לֹא יִתֶּן־לוֹ׃ 32.42. כִּי־כֹה אָמַר יְהוָה כַּאֲשֶׁר הֵבֵאתִי אֶל־הָעָם הַזֶּה אֵת כָּל־הָרָעָה הַגְּדוֹלָה הַזֹּאת כֵּן אָנֹכִי מֵבִיא עֲלֵיהֶם אֶת־כָּל־הַטּוֹבָה אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי דֹּבֵר עֲלֵיהֶם׃ 8.23. Oh that my head were waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I might weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people!" 9.1. Oh that I were in the wilderness, In a lodging-place of wayfaring men, That I might leave my people, And go from them! For they are all adulterers, An assembly of treacherous men." 17.11. As the partridge that broodeth over young which she hath not brought forth, So is he that getteth riches, and not by right; In the midst of his days he shall leave them, And at his end he shall be a fool." 22.13. Woe unto him that buildeth his house by unrighteousness, And his chambers by injustice; That useth his neighbour’s service without wages, And giveth him not his hire;" 32.42. For thus saith the LORD: Like as I have brought all this great evil upon this people, so will I bring upon them all the good that I have promised them."
11. Homer, Odyssey, 17.218 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)

12. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 37 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

13. Hebrew Bible, Ecclesiastes, 2.14, 2.24-2.26, 3.9-3.18, 3.20-3.22, 4.1-4.3, 5.17-5.18, 6.8, 7.2, 8.12, 8.14-8.17, 9.2, 9.7, 9.9-9.10, 11.2, 12.1, 12.6-12.7, 12.13 (5th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

2.14. הֶחָכָם עֵינָיו בְּרֹאשׁוֹ וְהַכְּסִיל בַּחֹשֶׁךְ הוֹלֵךְ וְיָדַעְתִּי גַם־אָנִי שֶׁמִּקְרֶה אֶחָד יִקְרֶה אֶת־כֻּלָּם׃ 2.24. אֵין־טוֹב בָּאָדָם שֶׁיֹּאכַל וְשָׁתָה וְהֶרְאָה אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ טוֹב בַּעֲמָלוֹ גַּם־זֹה רָאִיתִי אָנִי כִּי מִיַּד הָאֱלֹהִים הִיא׃ 2.25. כִּי מִי יֹאכַל וּמִי יָחוּשׁ חוּץ מִמֶּנִּי׃ 2.26. כִּי לְאָדָם שֶׁטּוֹב לְפָנָיו נָתַן חָכְמָה וְדַעַת וְשִׂמְחָה וְלַחוֹטֶא נָתַן עִנְיָן לֶאֱסוֹף וְלִכְנוֹס לָתֵת לְטוֹב לִפְנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים גַּם־זֶה הֶבֶל וּרְעוּת רוּחַ׃ 3.9. מַה־יִּתְרוֹן הָעוֹשֶׂה בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא עָמֵל׃ 3.11. אֶת־הַכֹּל עָשָׂה יָפֶה בְעִתּוֹ גַּם אֶת־הָעֹלָם נָתַן בְּלִבָּם מִבְּלִי אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יִמְצָא הָאָדָם אֶת־הַמַּעֲשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה הָאֱלֹהִים מֵרֹאשׁ וְעַד־סוֹף׃ 3.12. יָדַעְתִּי כִּי אֵין טוֹב בָּם כִּי אִם־לִשְׂמוֹחַ וְלַעֲשׂוֹת טוֹב בְּחַיָּיו׃ 3.13. וְגַם כָּל־הָאָדָם שֶׁיֹּאכַל וְשָׁתָה וְרָאָה טוֹב בְּכָל־עֲמָלוֹ מַתַּת אֱלֹהִים הִיא׃ 3.14. יָדַעְתִּי כִּי כָּל־אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה הָאֱלֹהִים הוּא יִהְיֶה לְעוֹלָם עָלָיו אֵין לְהוֹסִיף וּמִמֶּנּוּ אֵין לִגְרֹעַ וְהָאֱלֹהִים עָשָׂה שֶׁיִּרְאוּ מִלְּפָנָיו׃ 3.15. מַה־שֶּׁהָיָה כְּבָר הוּא וַאֲשֶׁר לִהְיוֹת כְּבָר הָיָה וְהָאֱלֹהִים יְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־נִרְדָּף׃ 3.16. וְעוֹד רָאִיתִי תַּחַת הַשָּׁמֶשׁ מְקוֹם הַמִּשְׁפָּט שָׁמָּה הָרֶשַׁע וּמְקוֹם הַצֶּדֶק שָׁמָּה הָרָשַׁע׃ 3.17. אָמַרְתִּי אֲנִי בְּלִבִּי אֶת־הַצַּדִּיק וְאֶת־הָרָשָׁע יִשְׁפֹּט הָאֱלֹהִים כִּי־עֵת לְכָל־חֵפֶץ וְעַל כָּל־הַמַּעֲשֶׂה שָׁם׃ 3.18. אָמַרְתִּי אֲנִי בְּלִבִּי עַל־דִּבְרַת בְּנֵי הָאָדָם לְבָרָם הָאֱלֹהִים וְלִרְאוֹת שְׁהֶם־בְּהֵמָה הֵמָּה לָהֶם׃ 3.21. מִי יוֹדֵעַ רוּחַ בְּנֵי הָאָדָם הָעֹלָה הִיא לְמָעְלָה וְרוּחַ הַבְּהֵמָה הַיֹּרֶדֶת הִיא לְמַטָּה לָאָרֶץ׃ 3.22. וְרָאִיתִי כִּי אֵין טוֹב מֵאֲשֶׁר יִשְׂמַח הָאָדָם בְּמַעֲשָׂיו כִּי־הוּא חֶלְקוֹ כִּי מִי יְבִיאֶנּוּ לִרְאוֹת בְּמֶה שֶׁיִּהְיֶה אַחֲרָיו׃ 4.1. כִּי אִם־יִפֹּלוּ הָאֶחָד יָקִים אֶת־חֲבֵרוֹ וְאִילוֹ הָאֶחָד שֶׁיִּפּוֹל וְאֵין שֵׁנִי לַהֲקִימוֹ׃ 4.1. וְשַׁבְתִּי אֲנִי וָאֶרְאֶה אֶת־כָּל־הָעֲשֻׁקִים אֲשֶׁר נַעֲשִׂים תַּחַת הַשָּׁמֶשׁ וְהִנֵּה דִּמְעַת הָעֲשֻׁקִים וְאֵין לָהֶם מְנַחֵם וּמִיַּד עֹשְׁקֵיהֶם כֹּחַ וְאֵין לָהֶם מְנַחֵם׃ 4.2. וְשַׁבֵּחַ אֲנִי אֶת־הַמֵּתִים שֶׁכְּבָר מֵתוּ מִן־הַחַיִּים אֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה חַיִּים עֲדֶנָה׃ 4.3. וְטוֹב מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם אֵת אֲשֶׁר־עֲדֶן לֹא הָיָה אֲשֶׁר לֹא־רָאָה אֶת־הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הָרָע אֲשֶׁר נַעֲשָׂה תַּחַת הַשָּׁמֶשׁ׃ 5.17. הִנֵּה אֲשֶׁר־רָאִיתִי אָנִי טוֹב אֲשֶׁר־יָפֶה לֶאֶכוֹל־וְלִשְׁתּוֹת וְלִרְאוֹת טוֹבָה בְּכָל־עֲמָלוֹ שֶׁיַּעֲמֹל תַּחַת־הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ מִסְפַּר יְמֵי־חיו [חַיָּיו] אֲשֶׁר־נָתַן־לוֹ הָאֱלֹהִים כִּי־הוּא חֶלְקוֹ׃ 5.18. גַּם כָּל־הָאָדָם אֲשֶׁר נָתַן־לוֹ הָאֱלֹהִים עֹשֶׁר וּנְכָסִים וְהִשְׁלִיטוֹ לֶאֱכֹל מִמֶּנּוּ וְלָשֵׂאת אֶת־חֶלְקוֹ וְלִשְׂמֹחַ בַּעֲמָלוֹ זֹה מַתַּת אֱלֹהִים הִיא׃ 6.8. כִּי מַה־יּוֹתֵר לֶחָכָם מִן־הַכְּסִיל מַה־לֶּעָנִי יוֹדֵעַ לַהֲלֹךְ נֶגֶד הַחַיִּים׃ 7.2. טוֹב לָלֶכֶת אֶל־בֵּית־אֵבֶל מִלֶּכֶת אֶל־בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא סוֹף כָּל־הָאָדָם וְהַחַי יִתֵּן אֶל־לִבּוֹ׃ 7.2. כִּי אָדָם אֵין צַדִּיק בָּאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה־טּוֹב וְלֹא יֶחֱטָא׃ 8.12. אֲשֶׁר חֹטֶא עֹשֶׂה רָע מְאַת וּמַאֲרִיךְ לוֹ כִּי גַּם־יוֹדֵעַ אָנִי אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה־טּוֹב לְיִרְאֵי הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר יִירְאוּ מִלְּפָנָיו׃ 8.14. יֶשׁ־הֶבֶל אֲשֶׁר נַעֲשָׂה עַל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר יֵשׁ צַדִּיקִים אֲשֶׁר מַגִּיעַ אֲלֵהֶם כְּמַעֲשֵׂה הָרְשָׁעִים וְיֵשׁ רְשָׁעִים שֶׁמַּגִּיעַ אֲלֵהֶם כְּמַעֲשֵׂה הַצַּדִּיקִים אָמַרְתִּי שֶׁגַּם־זֶה הָבֶל׃ 8.15. וְשִׁבַּחְתִּי אֲנִי אֶת־הַשִּׂמְחָה אֲשֶׁר אֵין־טוֹב לָאָדָם תַּחַת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ כִּי אִם־לֶאֱכוֹל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת וְלִשְׂמוֹחַ וְהוּא יִלְוֶנּוּ בַעֲמָלוֹ יְמֵי חַיָּיו אֲשֶׁר־נָתַן־לוֹ הָאֱלֹהִים תַּחַת הַשָּׁמֶשׁ׃ 8.16. כַּאֲשֶׁר נָתַתִּי אֶת־לִבִּי לָדַעַת חָכְמָה וְלִרְאוֹת אֶת־הָעִנְיָן אֲשֶׁר נַעֲשָׂה עַל־הָאָרֶץ כִּי גַם בַּיּוֹם וּבַלַּיְלָה שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה׃ 8.17. וְרָאִיתִי אֶת־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂה הָאֱלֹהִים כִּי לֹא יוּכַל הָאָדָם לִמְצוֹא אֶת־הַמַּעֲשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר נַעֲשָׂה תַחַת־הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בְּשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲמֹל הָאָדָם לְבַקֵּשׁ וְלֹא יִמְצָא וְגַם אִם־יֹאמַר הֶחָכָם לָדַעַת לֹא יוּכַל לִמְצֹא׃ 9.2. הַכֹּל כַּאֲשֶׁר לַכֹּל מִקְרֶה אֶחָד לַצַּדִּיק וְלָרָשָׁע לַטּוֹב וְלַטָּהוֹר וְלַטָּמֵא וְלַזֹּבֵחַ וְלַאֲשֶׁר אֵינֶנּוּ זֹבֵחַ כַּטּוֹב כַּחֹטֶא הַנִּשְׁבָּע כַּאֲשֶׁר שְׁבוּעָה יָרֵא׃ 9.7. לֵךְ אֱכֹל בְּשִׂמְחָה לַחְמֶךָ וּשֲׁתֵה בְלֶב־טוֹב יֵינֶךָ כִּי כְבָר רָצָה הָאֱלֹהִים אֶת־מַעֲשֶׂיךָ׃ 9.9. רְאֵה חַיִּים עִם־אִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר־אָהַבְתָּ כָּל־יְמֵי חַיֵּי הֶבְלֶךָ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן־לְךָ תַּחַת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ כֹּל יְמֵי הֶבְלֶךָ כִּי הוּא חֶלְקְךָ בַּחַיִּים וּבַעֲמָלְךָ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּה עָמֵל תַּחַת הַשָּׁמֶשׁ׃ 11.2. תֶּן־חֵלֶק לְשִׁבְעָה וְגַם לִשְׁמוֹנָה כִּי לֹא תֵדַע מַה־יִּהְיֶה רָעָה עַל־הָאָרֶץ׃ 12.1. בִּקֵּשׁ קֹהֶלֶת לִמְצֹא דִּבְרֵי־חֵפֶץ וְכָתוּב יֹשֶׁר דִּבְרֵי אֱמֶת׃ 12.1. וּזְכֹר אֶת־בּוֹרְאֶיךָ בִּימֵי בְּחוּרֹתֶיךָ עַד אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָבֹאוּ יְמֵי הָרָעָה וְהִגִּיעוּ שָׁנִים אֲשֶׁר תֹּאמַר אֵין־לִי בָהֶם חֵפֶץ׃ 12.6. עַד אֲשֶׁר לֹא־ירחק [יֵרָתֵק] חֶבֶל הַכֶּסֶף וְתָרֻץ גֻּלַּת הַזָּהָב וְתִשָּׁבֶר כַּד עַל־הַמַּבּוּעַ וְנָרֹץ הַגַּלְגַּל אֶל־הַבּוֹר׃ 12.7. וְיָשֹׁב הֶעָפָר עַל־הָאָרֶץ כְּשֶׁהָיָה וְהָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ׃ 12.13. סוֹף דָּבָר הַכֹּל נִשְׁמָע אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים יְרָא וְאֶת־מִצְוֺתָיו שְׁמוֹר כִּי־זֶה כָּל־הָאָדָם׃ 2.14. The wise man, his eyes are in his head; But the fool walketh in darkness. And I also perceived that one event happeneth to them all." 2.24. There is nothing better for a man than that he should eat and drink, and make his soul enjoy pleasure for his labour. This also I saw, that it is from the hand of God." 2.25. For who will eat, or who will enjoy, if not I?" 2.26. For to the man that is good in His sight He giveth wisdom, and knowledge, and joy; but to the sinner He giveth the task, to gather and to heap up, that he may leave to him that is good in the sight of God. This also is vanity and a striving after wind." 3.9. What profit hath he that worketh in that he laboureth?" 3.10. I have seen the task which God hath given to the sons of men to be exercised therewith." 3.11. He hath made every thing beautiful in its time; also He hath set the world in their heart, yet so that man cannot find out the work that God hath done from the beginning even to the end." 3.12. I know that there is nothing better for them, than to rejoice, and to get pleasure so long as they live." 3.13. But also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy pleasure for all his labour, is the gift of God." 3.14. I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever; nothing can be added to it, nor any thing taken from it; and God hath so made it, that men should fear before Him." 3.15. That which is hath been long ago, and that which is to be hath already been; and God seeketh that which is pursued." 3.16. And moreover I saw under the sun, in the place of justice, that wickedness was there; and in the place of righteousness, that wickedness was there." 3.17. I said in my heart: ‘The righteous and the wicked God will judge; for there is a time there for every purpose and for every work.’" 3.18. I said in my heart: ‘It is because of the sons of men, that God may sift them, and that they may see that they themselves are but as beasts.’" 3.20. All go unto one place; all are of the dust, and all return to dust." 3.21. Who knoweth the spirit of man whether it goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast whether it goeth downward to the earth?" 3.22. Wherefore I perceived that there is nothing better, than that a man should rejoice in his works; for that is his portion; for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him?" 4.1. But I returned and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun; and behold the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power, but they had no comforter." 4.2. Wherefore I praised the dead that are already dead more than the living that are yet alive;" 4.3. but better than they both is he that hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun." 5.17. Behold that which I have seen: it is good, yea, it is comely for one to eat and to drink, and to enjoy pleasure for all his labour, wherein he laboureth under the sun, all the days of his life which God hath given him; for this is his portion." 5.18. Every man also to whom God hath given riches and wealth, and hath given him power to eat thereof, and to take his portion, and to rejoice in his labour—this is the gift of God." 6.8. For what advantage hath the wise more than the fool? or the poor man that hath understanding, in walking before the living?" 7.2. It is better to go to the house of mourning, Than to go to the house of feasting; For that is the end of all men, And the living will lay it to his heart." 8.12. because a sinner doeth evil a hundred times, and prolongeth his days—though yet I know that it shall be well with them that fear God, that fear before Him;" 8.14. There is a vanity which is done upon the earth: that there are righteous men, unto whom it happeneth according to the work of the wicked; again, there are wicked men, to whom it happeneth according to the work of the righteous—I said that this also is vanity." 8.15. So I commended mirth, that a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry, and that this should accompany him in his labour all the days of his life which God hath given him under the sun." 8.16. When I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to see the business that is done upon the earth—for neither day nor night do men see sleep with their eyes—" 8.17. then I beheld all the work of God, that man cannot find out the work that is done under the sun; because though a man labour to seek it out, yet he shall not find it; yea further, though a wise man think to know it, yet shall he not be able to find it." 9.2. All things come alike to all; there is one event to the righteous and to the wicked; to the good and to the clean and to the unclean; to him that sacrificeth and to him that sacrificeth not; as is the good, so is the sinner, and he that sweareth, as he that feareth an oath." 9.7. Go thy way, eat thy bread with joy, And drink thy wine with a merry heart; For God hath already accepted thy works." 9.9. Enjoy life with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity, which He hath given thee under the sun, all the days of thy vanity; for that is thy portion in life, and in thy labour wherein thou labourest under the sun." 9.10. Whatsoever thy hand attaineth to do by thy strength, that do; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest." 11.2. Divide a portion into seven, yea, even into eight; For thou knowest not what evil shall be upon the earth." 12.1. Remember then thy Creator in the days of thy youth, and the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say: 'I have no pleasure in them';" 12.6. Before the silver cord is snapped asunder, and the golden bowl is shattered, And the pitcher is broken at the fountain, and the wheel falleth shattered, into the pit;" 12.7. And the dust returneth to the earth as it was, and the spirit returneth unto God who gave it." 12.13. The end of the matter, all having been heard: fear God, and keep His commandments; for this is the whole man."
14. Septuagint, Tobit, 3.10, 13.2 (4th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

3.10. When she heard these things she was deeply grieved, even to the thought of hanging herself. But she said, "I am the only child of my father; if I do this, it will be a disgrace to him, and I shall bring his old age down in sorrow to the grave. 13.2. For he afflicts, and he shows mercy;he leads down to Hades, and brings up again,and there is no one who can escape his hand.
15. Anon., 1 Enoch, 94.7, 95.4, 96.2, 96.5-96.6, 96.8, 97.3, 98.2, 99.14, 100.1, 100.8, 101.4, 101.6, 102.4-102.8, 103.1-103.4, 103.9, 108.11 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

94.7. Woe to those who build their houses with sin; For from all their foundations shall they be overthrown, And by the sword shall they fall. [And those who acquire gold and silver in judgement suddenly shall perish.] 95.4. Woe to you who fulminate anathemas which cannot be reversed: Healing shall therefore be far from you because of your sins. 96.2. [And in the day of the tribulation of the sinners, Your children shall mount and rise as eagles, And higher than the vultures will be your nest, And ye shall ascend and enter the crevices of the earth, And the clefts of the rock for ever as coneys before the unrighteous, And the sirens shall sigh because of you-and weep.] 96.5. Woe to you who devour the finest of the wheat, And drink wine in large bowls, And tread under foot the lowly with your might. 96.6. Woe to you who drink water from every fountain, For suddenly shall ye be consumed and wither away, Because ye have forsaken the fountain of life. 96.8. Woe to you, ye mighty, Who with might oppress the righteous; For the day of your destruction is coming.In those days many and good days shall come to the righteous-in the day of your judgement. 97.3. What will ye do, ye sinners, And whither will ye flee on that day of judgement, When ye hear the voice of the prayer of the righteou 98.2. For ye men shall put on more adornments than a woman, And coloured garments more than a virgin: In royalty and in grandeur and in power, And in silver and in gold and in purple, And in splendour and in food they shall be poured out as water. 99.14. Woe to them who reject the measure and eternal heritage of their fathers And whose souls follow after idols; For they shall have no rest. 100.1. And in those days in one place the fathers together with their sons shall be smitten And brothers one with another shall fall in death Till the streams flow with their blood. 100.1. And now, know ye that from the angels He will inquire as to your deeds in heaven, from the sun and from the moon and from the stars in reference to your sins because upon the earth ye execute 100.8. Woe to you, ye obstinate of heart, Who watch in order to devise wickedness: Therefore shall fear come upon you And there shall be none to help you. 101.4. words against His righteousness: therefore ye shall have no peace. And see ye not the sailors of the ships, how their ships are tossed to and fro by the waves, and are shaken by the winds, and are 101.6. perish therein. Are not the entire sea and all its waters, and all its movements, the work of the Most 102.4. Fear ye not, ye souls of the righteous, And be hopeful ye that have died in righteousness. 102.5. And grieve not if your soul into Sheol has descended in grief, And that in your life your body fared not according to your goodness, But wait for the day of the judgement of sinners And for the day of cursing and chastisement. 102.6. And yet when ye die the sinners speak over you: ' As we die, so die the righteous, And what benefit do they reap for their deed 102.7. Behold, even as we, so do they die in grief and darkness, And what have they more than we From henceforth we are equal. 102.8. And what will they receive and what will they see for ever Behold, they too have died, And henceforth for ever shall they see no light. 103.1. Now, therefore, I swear to you, the righteous, by the glory of the Great and Honoured and 103.1. And we have been destroyed and have not found any to help us even with a word: We have been tortured [and destroyed], and not hoped to see life from day to day. 103.2. Mighty One in dominion, and by His greatness I swear to you. I know a mystery And have read the heavenly tablets, And have seen the holy books, And have found written therein and inscribed regarding them: 103.3. That all goodness and joy and glory are prepared for them, And written down for the spirits of those who have died in righteousness, And that manifold good shall be given to you in recompense for your labours, And that your lot is abundantly beyond the lot of the living. 103.4. And the spirits of you who have died in righteousness shall live and rejoice, And their spirits shall not perish, nor their memorial from before the face of the Great One Unto all the generations of the world: wherefore no longer fear their contumely. 103.9. Say not in regard to the righteous and good who are in life: ' In our troubled days we have toiled laboriously and experienced every trouble, And met with much evil and been consumed, And have become few and our spirit small. 108.11. yet they blessed Me. And now I will summon the spirits of the good who belong to the generation of light, and I will transform those who were born in darkness, who in the flesh were not recompensed
16. Hebrew Bible, Daniel, 12.2-12.3 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

12.2. וְרַבִּים מִיְּשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת־עָפָר יָקִיצוּ אֵלֶּה לְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם וְאֵלֶּה לַחֲרָפוֹת לְדִרְאוֹן עוֹלָם׃ 12.3. וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִים יַזְהִרוּ כְּזֹהַר הָרָקִיעַ וּמַצְדִּיקֵי הָרַבִּים כַּכּוֹכָבִים לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד׃ 12.2. And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to reproaches and everlasting abhorrence." 12.3. And they that are wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn the many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever."
17. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 13.15-13.17, 13.19, 16.14, 17.1, 41.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

13.15. Every creature loves its like,and every person his neighbor; 13.16. all living beings associate by species,and a man clings to one like himself. 13.17. What fellowship has a wolf with a lamb?No more has a sinner with a godly man. 13.19. Wild asses in the wilderness are the prey of lions;likewise the poor are pastures for the rich. 16.14. He will make room for every act of mercy;every one will receive in accordance with his deeds. 17.1. The Lord created man out of earth,and turned him back to it again. 17.1. And they will praise his holy name,to proclaim the grandeur of his works. 41.11. The mourning of men is about their bodies,but the evil name of sinners will be blotted out.
18. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 2.1-2.5, 3.2, 3.4 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)

2.1. For they reasoned unsoundly, saying to themselves,"Short and sorrowful is our life,and there is no remedy when a man comes to his end,and no one has been known to return from Hades. 2.2. Because we were born by mere chance,and hereafter we shall be as though we had never been;because the breath in our nostrils is smoke,and reason is a spark kindled by the beating of our hearts. 2.3. When it is extinguished, the body will turn to ashes,and the spirit will dissolve like empty air. 2.4. Our name will be forgotten in time and no one will remember our works;our life will pass away like the traces of a cloud,and be scattered like mist that is chased by the rays of the sun and overcome by its heat. 2.5. For our allotted time is the passing of a shadow,and there is no return from our death,because it is sealed up and no one turns back. 3.2. In the eyes of the foolish they seemed to have died,and their departure was thought to be an affliction 3.4. For though in the sight of men they were punished,their hope is full of immortality.
19. New Testament, Hebrews, 2.14-2.15, 2.17, 11.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.14. Since then the children have shared in flesh and blood, he also himself in like manner partook of the same, that through death he might bring to nothing him who had the power of death, that is, the devil 2.15. and might deliver all of them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage. 2.17. Therefore he was obligated in all things to be made like his brothers, that he might become a merciful and faithful high priest in things pertaining to God, to make atonement for the sins of the people. 11.5. By faith, Enoch was taken away, so that he wouldn't see death, and he was not found, because God translated him. For he has had testimony given to him that before his translation he had been well pleasing to God.
20. New Testament, Romans, 2.25, 3.1 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.25. For circumcision indeed profits, if you are a doer of the law, but if you are a transgressor of the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision. 3.1. Then what advantage does the Jew have? Or what is the profit of circumcision?
21. New Testament, Luke, 24.26 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

24.26. Didn't the Christ have to suffer these things and to enter into his glory?
22. New Testament, Matthew, 25.34 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

25.34. Then the King will tell those on his right hand, 'Come, blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world;
23. Anon., 4 Ezra, 4.8

4.8. Perhaps you would have said to me, `I never went down into the deep, nor as yet into hell, neither did I ever ascend into heaven.'


Subjects of this text:

subject book bibliographic info
adam/adam,and dust Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
afterlife,eschatological punishment Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
afterlife,reward Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
afterlife Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 33
animal Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
animal imagery Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 131
antiochus iv epiphanes Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
aristotle Legaspi (2018), Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition, 77
birth Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
blood Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221; Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
bloodshed,flow of Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
bones Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
bread Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
build/building activity,by the wicked Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
celebration Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
christian,conception of the spirit Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
christianity,and the judeo-christian tradition, Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
church,as mother Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
circumcision Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
cliff Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
community Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
coney Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
covenant Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
creation,story of Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
creation Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 131
creation topoi Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 30
creator Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
cross Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
crucifixion Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221
culture,hellenistic Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
culture,jewish Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
danger/peril Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
darkness,sheol Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
day,of great judgement Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
death,and paradise Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
death Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 30, 31, 33; Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21; Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221
deliverance Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
determinism Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 33
dust Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 30, 31, 33; Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
earth,and heaven Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
earth,as witness Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
earth,from (out of) the Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 33
earth Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 31, 33; Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
ecclesiastes,book of Legaspi (2018), Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition, 77
elihu Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
encounter Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
evil,and paradise/new kingdom Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
evil Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
eyes Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
fate Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 31
fear Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
fish Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
flesh Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221
flood,story of the Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
fools/foolishness Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
foundation,stone Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
fountain Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
fox,michael Legaspi (2018), Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition, 77
fulfilment Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221
futility Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 31
gentiles Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
god,gift of Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
god Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 131
gold Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
goodness,and paradise Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
goodness eschatological reward Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
ground,from the Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 31
ground Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
healing Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21; Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
heaven,and earth Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
heaven,as witness Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
heavens Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
hebel Legaspi (2018), Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition, 77
help,lack of for sinners Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
homoioteleuton Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
hope/hopelessness Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
hope Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
house Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
human/humankind Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
human variation Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
humans,as image of god Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
image of god Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
immortality Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
impure/unclean Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
inspiration Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
israel,as mother Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
israel,mothers of Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
israel,people of/gods people Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
jerusalem Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
jew/jewish,mysticism,hellenistic-jewish Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
judaism,hellenistic Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
judeo-christian tradition, Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
judgement Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
judgment Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143; Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 30
just Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
justice,divine Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 506
justice,lack of Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 506
kingdom,of jerusalem Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
kugel,james Legaspi (2018), Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition, 77
law Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
law of moses Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 131
life,concept of Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
life / afterlife,earthly Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 506
life / afterlife Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
like seeking like Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 131
lot Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 31, 33
martyr Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
mary Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
meaningless Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 31
meaninglessness Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 31
mercy Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221
messiah,messianic expectations Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221
metaphor/metaphorical network Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
metaphor Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
mimesis,reproductive Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
mocking Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 131
mortality/immortality Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
mother,as church Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
mother,as israel Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
mother Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
mystery Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
oppressors Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
paradise Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
parallelism Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 131
passover Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
paul Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
perfection Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221
pessimism Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 31
peter Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
pharisees Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
philo judaeus Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
phronēsis Legaspi (2018), Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition, 77
power Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
preacher,the Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
priestly source (p),tannaim diverging from Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
priestly source (p) Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
priestly tradition Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 131
prophets Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
punishment of wrongdoers Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
pure Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
rabbis Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
reproduction,as mimesis Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
roots Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
sacrifice Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
salvation Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221; Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
sand Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
sheol Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508; Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
ships Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
silver Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
socrates Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 131
solidarity Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221
sons,of adamlmzw Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
soul Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 33
species,instability Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
spirit,characterizations as,and the shadow of death Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
spirit,characterizations as,life principle/ power of life Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
spirit,characterizations as,superadditum Levison (2009), Filled with the Spirit, 21
spirit,of man Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 31
spirit Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 31, 33
stones,foundation Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
suffering Vanhoye, Moore, Ounsworth (2018), A Perfect Priest: Studies in the Letter to the Hebrews. 221
tannaim,diverging from priestly source Neis (2012), When a Human Gives Birth to a Raven: Rabbis and the Reproduction of Species. 25
tears Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
temple,second Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 143
topoi,creation Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 30
torah Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
twelve Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
valentinians Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
waters Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
wicked Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 30
wisdom,in ecclesiastes Legaspi (2018), Wisdom in Classical and Biblical Tradition, 77
wisdom Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 508
woman/women Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 205
women' Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31
word-pairs Corley (2002), Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship, 131
zoroastrianism Vinzent (2013), Christ's Resurrection in Early Christianity and the Making of the New Testament, 31