1. Aeschylus, Libation-Bearers, 140-141, 139 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
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2. Aristophanes, Women of The Assembly, 1065, 1064 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 1064. ἀλλ' ἐγγυητάς σοι καταστήσω δύο | |
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3. Herodotus, Histories, 6.90, 6.137 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
| 6.90. When the Athenians did not show up at the right time, Nicodromus took ship and escaped from Aegina. Other Aeginetans followed him, and the Athenians gave them Sunium to dwell in; setting out from there they harried the Aeginetans of the island. 6.137. Miltiades son of Cimon took possession of Lemnos in this way: When the Pelasgians were driven out of Attica by the Athenians, whether justly or unjustly I cannot say, beyond what is told; namely, that Hecataeus the son of Hegesandrus declares in his history that the act was unjust; ,for when the Athenians saw the land under Hymettus, formerly theirs, which they had given to the Pelasgians as a dwelling-place in reward for the wall that had once been built around the acropolis—when the Athenians saw how well this place was tilled which previously had been bad and worthless, they were envious and coveted the land, and so drove the Pelasgians out on this and no other pretext. But the Athenians themselves say that their reason for expelling the Pelasgians was just. ,The Pelasgians set out from their settlement at the foot of Hymettus and wronged the Athenians in this way: Neither the Athenians nor any other Hellenes had servants yet at that time, and their sons and daughters used to go to the Nine Wells for water; and whenever they came, the Pelasgians maltreated them out of mere arrogance and pride. And this was not enough for them; finally they were caught in the act of planning to attack Athens. ,The Athenians were much better men than the Pelasgians, since when they could have killed them, caught plotting as they were, they would not so do, but ordered them out of the country. The Pelasgians departed and took possession of Lemnos, besides other places. This is the Athenian story; the other is told by Hecataeus. |
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4. Isocrates, Orations, 7.29 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
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5. Plato, Laws, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 842e. which deal with marriage, and with the birth and nurture and education of the children, and with the appointment of magistrates in the State. For the present he must turn, in his legislating, to the subject of food and of those whose labors contribute to its supply. First, then, let there be a code of laws termed agricultural. Ath. The first law—that of Zeus the Boundary-god—shall be stated thus: No man shall move boundary-marks of land, whether they be those of a neighbor who is a native citizen or those of a foreigner |
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6. Thucydides, The History of The Peloponnesian War, 2.13.1, 2.13.5, 2.15.2 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 2.13.1. While the Peloponnesians were still mustering at the Isthmus, or on the march before they invaded Attica, Pericles, son of Xanthippus, one of the ten generals of the Athenians, finding that the invasion was to take place, conceived the idea that Archidamus, who happened to be his friend, might possibly pass by his estate without ravaging it. This he might do, either from a personal wish to oblige him, or acting under instructions from Lacedaemon for the purpose of creating a prejudice against him, as had been before attempted in the demand for the expulsion of the accursed family. He accordingly took the precaution of announcing to the Athenians in the assembly that, although Archidamus was his friend, yet this friendship should not extend to the detriment of the state, and that in case the enemy should make his houses and lands an exception to the rest and not pillage them, he at once gave them up to be public property, so that they should not bring him into suspicion. 2.13.5. To this he added the treasures of the other temples. These were by no means inconsiderable, and might fairly be used. Nay, if they were ever absolutely driven to it, they might take even the gold ornaments of Athena herself; for the statue contained forty talents of pure gold and it was all removable. This might be used for self-preservation, and must every penny of it be restored. 2.15.2. In Theseus, however, they had a king of equal intelligence and power; and one of the chief features in his organization of the country was to abolish the council chambers and magistrates of the petty cities, and to merge them in the single council-chamber and town-hall of the present capital. Individuals might still enjoy their private property just as before, but they were henceforth compelled to have only one political center, viz. Athens ; which thus counted all the inhabitants of Attica among her citizens, so that when Theseus died he left a great state behind him. Indeed, from him dates the Synoecia, or Feast of Union; which is paid for by the state, and which the Athenians still keep in honor of the goddess. |
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7. Xenophon, Memoirs, 4.3.16 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 4.3.16. Nay, be not down-hearted, Euthydemus; for you know that to the inquiry, How am I to please the gods? the Delphic god replies, Follow the custom of the state ; and everywhere, I suppose, it is the custom that men propitiate the gods with sacrifices according to their power. How then can a man honour the gods more excellently and more devoutly than by doing as they themselves ordain? |
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8. Xenophon, Symposium, 8.40 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
| 8.40. You may regard it as certain, therefore, that our city would be quick to entrust itself to your hands, if you so desire. For you possess the highest qualifications for such a trust: you are of aristocratic birth, of Erechtheus’ line, Callias’s family belonged to the priestly clan of the Ceryces, who traced their lineage back to Ceryx, son of Hermes and Aglaurus. The latter, however, was not a descendant of Erechtheus, but one of his nurses. a priest serving the gods who under the leadership of Iacchus took the field against the barbarian; Herodotus (VIII, 65) and Plutarch ( Life of Themistocles, XV) report the tradition that while the Greek fleet was at anchor near Salamis just before the critical sea-fight, great elation was caused at sight of a big cloud of dust (or, in the later version, a brilliant light) off toward Eleusis , and a wonderful sound as of the Eleusinian festival with its cries to Iacchus, followed by a cloud that drifted directly toward the fleet. and in our day you outshine your predecessors in the splendour of your priestly office in the festival; In addition to being one of the priestly Ceryces, Callias was an hereditary torch-bearer in the Eleusinian festival. and you possess a person more goodly to the eye than any other in the city and one at the same time able to withstand effort and hardship. |
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9. Aeschines, Letters, 3.119-3.121 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
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10. Aristotle, Athenian Constitution, 3.1-3.3, 47.1, 47.4-47.5, 54.3, 54.8, 57.1-57.2, 60.2 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
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11. Hyperides, Pro Euxenippo, 16 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
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12. Polybius, Histories, 16.25.7 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 16.25.7. As he entered the Dipylon, they drew up the priests and priestesses on either side of the road; after this they threw all the temples open and bringing victims up to all the altars begged him to perform sacrifice. |
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13. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 5.49.6 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
| 5.49.6. The claim is also made that men who have taken part in the mysteries become both more pious and more just and better in every respect than they were before. And this is the reason, we are told, why the most famous both of the ancient heroes and of the demi-gods were eagerly desirous of taking part in the initiatory rite; and in fact Jason and the Dioscori, and Heracles and Orpheus as well, after their initiation attained success in all the campaigns they undertook, because these gods appeared to them. |
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14. Plutarch, Pericles, 30.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 30.3. This decree, at any rate, is the work of Pericles, and aims at a reasonable and humane justification of his course. But after the herald who was sent, Anthemocritus, had been put to death through the agency of the Megarians, as it was believed, Charinus proposed a decree against them, to the effect that there be irreconcilable and implacable enmity on the part of Athens towards them, and that whosoever of the Megarians should set foot on the soil of Attica be punished with death; and that the generals, whenever they should take their ancestral oath of office, add to their oath this clause, that they would invade the Megarid twice during each succeeding year; and that Anthemocritus be buried honorably at the Thriasian gates, which are now called the Dipylum. |
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15. Plutarch, Solon, 24.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 24.1. of the products of the soil, he allowed oil only to be sold abroad, but forbade the exportation of others; and if any did so export, the archon was to pronounce curses upon them, or else himself pay a hundred drachmas into the public treasury. His first table is the one which contains this law. One cannot, therefore, wholly disbelieve those who say that the exportation of figs also was anciently forbidden, and that the one who showed up, or pointed out such exporters, was called a sycophant, or fig-shower. He also enacted a law concerning injuries received from beasts, according to which a dog that had bitten anybody must be delivered up with a wooden collar three cubits long fastened to it; a happy device this for promoting safety. |
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16. Plutarch, Theseus, 18.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
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17. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2.11.1-2.11.2, 4.1.7 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 2.11.1. Turning away from here towards the gate called Holy you see, not far from the gate, a temple of Athena. Dedicated long ago by Epopeus, it surpassed all its contemporaries in size and splendor. Yet the memory of even this was doomed to perish through lapse of time—it was burnt down by lightning—but the altar there, which escaped injury, remains down to the present day as Epopeus made it. Before the altar a barrow has been raised for Epopeus himself, and near the grave are the gods Averters of evil. Near them the Greeks perform such rites as they are wont to do in order to avert misfortunes. They say that the neighboring sanctuary of Artemis and Apollo was also made by Epopeus, and that of Hera after it by Adrastus. I found no images remaining in either. Behind the sanctuary of Hera he built an altar to Pan, and one to Helius (Sun) made of white marble. 2.11.2. On the way down to the plain is a sanctuary of Demeter, said to have been founded by Plemnaeis as a thank-offering to the goddess for the rearing of his son. A little farther away from the sanctuary of Hera founded by Adrastus is a temple of the Carnean Apollo. Only the pillars are standing in it; you will no longer find there walls or roof, nor yet in that of Hera Pioneer. This temple was founded by Phalces, son of Temenus, who asserted that Hera guided him on the road to Sicyon . 4.1.7. That this Lycus was the son of Pandion is made clear by the lines on the statue of Methapus, who made certain improvements in the mysteries. Methapus was an Athenian by birth, an expert in the mysteries and founder of all kinds of rites. It was he who established the mysteries of the Cabiri at Thebes, and dedicated in the hut of the Lycomidae a statue with an inscription that amongst other things helps to confirm my account:— |
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18. Aeschines, Or., 3.118-3.121
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19. Andocides, Orations, 1.82
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20. Andocides, Orations, 1.82
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21. Demosthenes, Orations, 21.171, 24.82, 24.148, 43.58
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22. Epigraphy, Lscg, 18, 33, 14
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23. Epigraphy, Agora Xvi, 84
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24. Epigraphy, Demos Rhamnountos Ii, 180
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25. Epigraphy, Epigr. Tou Oropou, 297
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26. Epigraphy, I.Eleusis, 13, 138, 30, 70, 101
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27. Epigraphy, Ig I , 256-258, 35, 369, 383, 395, 402, 418, 46, 52, 78, 8, 82, 948, 252
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28. Epigraphy, Ig I , 256-258, 35, 369, 383, 395, 402, 418, 46, 52, 78, 8, 82, 84, 948, 252
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29. Epigraphy, Ig Ii2, 1180, 1186, 1198, 120, 1230, 1232, 1241, 1245, 1275, 1294, 1315, 1324, 1328, 1361-1362, 204, 2492, 2496-2499, 2501, 2600, 2670, 47, 776, 1163
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30. Epigraphy, Seg, 3.121, 21.541, 21.644, 21.651, 22.508, 24.151, 24.203, 26.72, 26.121, 47.187, 50.168, 51.153, 52.48, 54.214
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31. Epigraphy, Ngsl, 1
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32. Epigraphy, Ig Ii3, 359, 447, 292
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33. Epigraphy, Rhodes & Osborne Ghi, 81, 25
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34. Epigraphy, Ml, 58
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35. Lysias, Orations, 30.21-30.22
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