Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

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Aristophanes, The Women Celebrating The Thesmophoria, 531-532
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1. Aristophanes, Women of The Assembly, 156-159, 155 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

155. ὕδατος. ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐ δοκεῖ μὰ τὼ θεώ.

2. Aristophanes, The Women Celebrating The Thesmophoria, 1001-1230, 177-266, 275, 279-530, 532-654, 668-674, 689-761, 764, 769-778, 804, 808-809, 869-870, 930-1000 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

1000. εὐπέταλος ἕλικι θάλλει.

3. Euripides, Andromache, 222 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

222. ὦ φίλταθ' ̔́Εκτορ, ἀλλ' ἐγὼ τὴν σὴν χάριν

4. Xenophon, Hellenica, 1.7.16 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

1.7.16. After this Euryptolemus mounted the platform and spoke as follows in defence of the generals: I have come to the platform, men of Athens, partly to accuse Pericles, though he is my kinsman and intimate, and Diomedon, who is my friend, partly 406 B.C. to speak in their defence, and partly to advise the measures which seem to me to be best for the state as a whole.

5. Xenophon, Memoirs, 2.7.4 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

2.7.4. And which do you think are the better, his slaves or your gentlefolk? My gentlefolk, I think. Then is it not disgraceful that you with your gentlefolk should be in distress, while he is kept in affluence by his meaner household? of course his dependants are artisans, while mine have had a liberal education.

6. Aristotle, Athenian Constitution, 55.5 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

7. Demosthenes, Orations, 24.151, 59.4 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)

8. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 5.32.7 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)

5.32.7. Although their wives are comely, they have very little to do with them, but rage with lust, in outlandish fashion, for the embraces of males. It is their practice to sleep upon the ground on the skins of wild beasts and to tumble with a catamite on each side. And the most astonishing thing of all is that they feel no concern for their proper dignity, but prostitute to others without a qualm the flower of their bodies; nor do they consider this a disgraceful thing to do, but rather when anyone of them is thus approached and refuses the favour offered him, this they consider an act of dishonour.

9. Julius Caesar, De Bello Gallico, 6.21 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)

10. Strabo, Geography, 15.1.59-15.1.60 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)

15.1.59. Megasthenes divides the philosophers again into two kinds, the Brachmanes and the Garmanes. The Brachmanes are held in greater repute, for they agree more exactly in their opinions. Even from the time of their conception in the womb they are under the care and guardianship of learned men, who go to the mother, and seem to perform some incantation for the happiness and welfare of the mother and the unborn child, but in reality they suggest prudent advice, and the mothers who listen to them most willingly are thought to be the most fortunate in their offspring. After the birth of the children, there is a succession of persons who have the care of them, and as they advance in years, masters more able and accomplished succeed.The philosophers live in a grove in front of the city within a moderate-sized enclosure. Their diet is frugal, and they lie upon straw pallets and on skins. They abstain from animal food, and from sexual intercourse with women; their time is occupied in grave discourse, and they communicate with those who are inclined to listen to them; but the hearer is not permitted to speak or cough, or even to spit on the ground; otherwise, he is expelled that very day from their society, on the ground of having no control over himself. After living thirty-seven years in this manner, each individual retires to his own possessions, and lives with less restraint, wearing robes of fine linen, and rings of gold, but without profuseness, upon the hands and in the ears. They eat the flesh of animals, of those particularly which do not assist man in his labour, and abstain from hot and seasoned food. They have as many wives as they please with a view to numerous offspring, for from many wives greater advantages are derived.As they have no slaves, they require more the services, which are at hand, of their children.The Brachmanes do not communicate their philosophy to their wives, for fear they should divulge to the profane, if they became depraved, anything which ought to be concealed or lest they should abandon their husbands in case they became good (philosophers) themselves. For no one who despises alike pleasure and pain, life and death, is willing to be subject to the authority of another; and such is the character of a virtuous man and a virtuous woman.They discourse much on death, for it is their opinion that the present life is the state of one conceived in the womb, and that death to philosophers is birth to a real and a happy life. They therefore discipline themselves much to prepare for death, and maintain that nothing which happens to man is bad or good, for otherwise the same things would not be the occasion of sorrow to some and of joy to others, opinions being merely dreams, nor that the same persons could be affected with sorrow and joy by the same things, on different occasions.With regard to opinions on physical phenomena, they display, says Megasthenes, great simplicity, their actions being better than their reasoning, for their belief is chiefly founded on fables. On many subjects their sentiments are the same as those of the Greeks. According to the Brachmanes, the world was created, and is liable to corruption; it is of a spheroidal figure; the god who made and governs it pervades the whole of it; the principles of all things are different, but the principle of the world's formation was water; in addition to the four elements there is a fifth nature, of which the heavens and the stars are composed; the earth is situated in the centre of the universe. Many other peculiar things they say of the principle of generation and of the soul. They invent fables also, after the manner of Plato, on the immortality of the soul, and on the punishments in Hades, and other things of this kind. This is the account which Megasthenes gives of the Brachmanes. 15.1.60. of the Garmanes, the most honourable, he says, are the Hylobii, who live in the forests, and subsist on leaves and wild fruits: they are clothed with garments made of the bark of trees, and abstain from commerce with women and from wine. The kings hold communication with them by messengers, concerning the causes of things, and through them worship and supplicate the Divinity.Second in honour to the Hylobii, are the physicians, for they apply philosophy to the study of the nature of man. They are of frugal habits, but do not live in the fields, and subsist upon rice and meal, which every one gives when asked, and receive them hospitably. They are able to cause persons to have a numerous offspring, and to have either male or female children, by means of charms. They cure diseases by diet, rather than by medicinal remedies. Among the latter, the most in repute are unguents and cataplasms. All others they suppose partake greatly of a noxious nature.Both this and the other class of persons practise fortitude, as well in supporting active toil as in enduring suffering, so that they will continue a whole day in the same posture, without motion.There are enchanters and diviners, versed in the rites and customs relative to the dead, who go about villages and towns begging. There are others who are more civilized and better informed than these, who inculcate the vulgar opinions concerning Hades, which, according to their ideas, tend to piety and sanctity. Women study philosophy with some of them, but abstain from sexual intercourse.

11. Plutarch, Pericles, 11.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

11.2. He, being less of a warrior than Cimon, and more of a forensic speaker and statesman, by keeping watch and ward in the city, and by wrestling bouts with Pericles on the bema, soon brought the administration into even poise. He would not suffer the party of the Good and True, as they called themselves, to be scattered up and down and blended with the populace, as heretofore, the weight of their character being thus obscured by numbers, but by culling them out and assembling them into one body, he made their collective influence, thus become weighty, as it were a counterpoise in the balance.

12. Lucian, Dialogues of The Courtesans, 4.3 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)

13. Epigraphy, Ig I , 71, 34

14. Epigraphy, Ig I , 71, 34

Subjects of this text:

subject	book bibliographic info
accumulation	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 64
acharnians, women at the thesmophoria	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
acharnians	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
achilles	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
acropolis, as ritual location for oaths	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322
agora	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
allusion	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
apollo, oaths invoking	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322
apologia	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
appropriation	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 64
aristophanes	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
athena, oaths invoking	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322
athens, oaths	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322
audience, gregorys	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
basil of caesarea	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
boulē	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 64
callicles (character in platos gorgias)	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
castor and pollux (twin gods), oaths, invoking	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322
chaerephon (character in platos gorgias)	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
christian, leadership	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
decree-proposer	Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 528
demades	Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 528
demeter, informal oaths invoking	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322, 323
dialogue	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
diminutives	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 65
earth (gaia/ge), oaths invoking	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322
elm, susanna	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
eros (sexual desire), of barbarians	Hubbard, A Companion to Greek and Roman Sexualities (2014) 404
euripides, telephus	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
euripides	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
gregory of nazianus, audience	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
gregory of nazianus, or. '2 apologetikos"	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
heckling	Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 528
idiom/proverb	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 64, 65
informal oaths, zeus invoked	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322
intentionality/poetological intention/purpose	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 65
kleon and descendants	Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 528
kore (persephone) as oath witness	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322, 323
language of oaths, and gender	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 323
lykourgos, policies	Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 528
myth	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
novelty/innovation/invention	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 65
official oaths, on acropolis	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322
oracle	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
oratory/rhetoric	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 64
parody	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
perikles, kin	Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 528
persephone (kore) as oath witness	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322, 323
plato, dialogues	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
plato, gorgias	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
praxagora (ecclesiazusae)	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 323
promiscuity, of barbarians	Hubbard, A Companion to Greek and Roman Sexualities (2014) 404
prostitution, athenian'	Hubbard, A Companion to Greek and Roman Sexualities (2014) 191
replacement	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 65
reversal	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 64
rome	Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 528
sex/sexual humour	Kanellakis, Aristophanes and the Poetics of Surprise (2020) 64
sidestepped, twin gods (castor and pollux)	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322
socrates	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
telephus	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
telephus (euripides)	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
theoria	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
thesmophoria	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
thoukydides son of melesias	Humphreys, Kinship in Ancient Athens: An Anthropological Analysis (2018) 528
vita activa	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
vita contemplativa	MacDougall, Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition (2022) 72
zeus, oaths invoking, gender and	Sommerstein and Torrance, Oaths and Swearing in Ancient Greece (2014) 322, 323