1. Anon., Jubilees, 11.6 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)
| 11.6. and they began to capture cities, and to sell male and female slaves. |
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2. Anon., Testament of Benjamin, 8.3 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 8.3. For as the sun is not defiled by shining on dung and mire, but rather drieth up both and driveth away the evil smell; so also the pure mind, though encompassed by the defilements of earth, rather cleanseth (them) and is not itself defiled. |
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3. Anon., Testament of Gad, 6.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 6.2. For in the presence of my father I spake peaceably to Joseph; and when I had gone out, the spirit of hatred darkened my mind, and stirred up my soul to slay him. |
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4. Anon., Testament of Issachar, 4.4 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. CE)
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5. Anon., Testament of Naphtali, 2.6 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 2.6. As a man's strength, so also is his work; and as his mind, so also is his skill; and as his purpose, so also is his achievement; and as his heart, so also is his mouth; as his eye, so also is his sleep; as his soul, so also is his word, either in the law of the Lord or in the works of Beliar. |
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6. Anon., Testament of Reuben, 4.6 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. CE)
| 4.6. For a pit unto the soul is the sin of fornication, separating it from God, and bringing it near to idols, because it deceiveth the mind and understanding, and leadeth young men into hades before their time. |
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7. Anon., Testament of Judah, 20.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. CE)
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8. Philo of Alexandria, On Husbandry, 73, 72 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
| 72. Therefore now, leaving the consideration of these neighing animals, and of the parties carried by them, investigate, if you will, the condition of your own soul. For in its several parts you will find both horses and a rider in the fashion of a charioteer, just as you do in external things. |
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9. Philo of Alexandria, On The Migration of Abraham, 67 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
| 67. But the foolish man proceeds always by means of the two passions together, both anger and desire, omitting no opportunity, and discarding reason as his pilot and judge. But the man who is contrary to him has extirpated anger and desire from his nature, and has enlisted himself under divine reason as his guide; as also Moses, that faithful servant of God, did. Who, when he is offering the burnt offerings of the soul, "washes out the Belly;" that is to say, he washes out the whole seat of desires, and he takes away "the breast of the ram of the Consecration;" that is to say, that whole of the warlike disposition, that so the remainder, the better portion of the soul, the rational part, having no longer anything to draw it in a different direction or to counteract its natural impulses, may indulge its own free and noble inclinations towards everything that is beautiful; |
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10. Philo of Alexandria, On Dreams, 1.73 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
| 1.73. And do not wonder if, according to the rules of allegorical description, the sun is likened to the Father and Governor of the universe; for in reality nothing is like unto God; but those things which by the vain opinion of men are thought to be so, are only two things, one invisible and the other visible; the soul being the invisible thing, and the sun the visible one. |
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11. Anon., Apostolic Constitutions, 7.34 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
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12. Septuagint, 4 Maccabees, 1.35, 2.18, 2.22, 3.17, 16.3
| 1.35. For the emotions of the appetites are restrained, checked by the temperate mind, and all the impulses of the body are bridled by reason. 2.18. For, as I have said, the temperate mind is able to get the better of the emotions, to correct some, and to render others powerless. 2.22. but at the same time he enthroned the mind among the senses as a sacred governor over them all. 3.17. For the temperate mind can conquer the drives of the emotions and quench the flames of frenzied desires; 16.3. The lions surrounding Daniel were not so savage, nor was the raging fiery furnace of Mishael so intensely hot, as was her innate parental love, inflamed as she saw her seven sons tortured in such varied ways. |
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