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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database



477
Anon., 3 Enoch, 11-15
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29 results
1. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 3.24, 5.24, 6.1-6.4 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

3.24. וַיְגָרֶשׁ אֶת־הָאָדָם וַיַּשְׁכֵּן מִקֶּדֶם לְגַן־עֵדֶן אֶת־הַכְּרֻבִים וְאֵת לַהַט הַחֶרֶב הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת לִשְׁמֹר אֶת־דֶּרֶךְ עֵץ הַחַיִּים׃ 5.24. וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ חֲנוֹךְ אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים וְאֵינֶנּוּ כִּי־לָקַח אֹתוֹ אֱלֹהִים׃ 6.1. וַיְהִי כִּי־הֵחֵל הָאָדָם לָרֹב עַל־פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה וּבָנוֹת יֻלְּדוּ לָהֶם׃ 6.1. וַיּוֹלֶד נֹחַ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָנִים אֶת־שֵׁם אֶת־חָם וְאֶת־יָפֶת׃ 6.2. וַיִּרְאוּ בְנֵי־הָאֱלֹהִים אֶת־בְּנוֹת הָאָדָם כִּי טֹבֹת הֵנָּה וַיִּקְחוּ לָהֶם נָשִׁים מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר בָּחָרוּ׃ 6.2. מֵהָעוֹף לְמִינֵהוּ וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָה לְמִינָהּ מִכֹּל רֶמֶשׂ הָאֲדָמָה לְמִינֵהוּ שְׁנַיִם מִכֹּל יָבֹאוּ אֵלֶיךָ לְהַחֲיוֹת׃ 6.3. וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה לֹא־יָדוֹן רוּחִי בָאָדָם לְעֹלָם בְּשַׁגַּם הוּא בָשָׂר וְהָיוּ יָמָיו מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה׃ 6.4. הַנְּפִלִים הָיוּ בָאָרֶץ בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם וְגַם אַחֲרֵי־כֵן אֲשֶׁר יָבֹאוּ בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים אֶל־בְּנוֹת הָאָדָם וְיָלְדוּ לָהֶם הֵמָּה הַגִּבֹּרִים אֲשֶׁר מֵעוֹלָם אַנְשֵׁי הַשֵּׁם׃ 3.24. So He drove out the man; and He placed at the east of the garden of Eden the cherubim, and the flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way to the tree of life." 5.24. And Enoch walked with God, and he was not; for God took him." 6.1. And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them," 6.2. that the sons of nobles saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives, whomsoever they chose." 6.3. And the LORD said: ‘My spirit shall not abide in man for ever, for that he also is flesh; therefore shall his days be a hundred and twenty years.’" 6.4. The Nephilim were in the earth in those days, and also after that, when the sons of nobles came in unto the daughters of men, and they bore children to them; the same were the mighty men that were of old, the men of renown."
2. Hebrew Bible, Job, 38.14 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

38.14. תִּתְהַפֵּךְ כְּחֹמֶר חוֹתָם וְיִתְיַצְּבוּ כְּמוֹ לְבוּשׁ׃ 38.14. It is changed as clay under the seal; And they stand as a garment."
3. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 22.6 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

22.6. חֲנֹךְ לַנַּעַר עַל־פִּי דַרְכּוֹ גַּם כִּי־יַזְקִין לֹא־יָסוּר מִמֶּנָּה׃ 22.6. Train up a child in the way he should go, And even when he is old, he will not depart from it."
4. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 73.24 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)

73.24. בַּעֲצָתְךָ תַנְחֵנִי וְאַחַר כָּבוֹד תִּקָּחֵנִי׃ 73.24. Thou wilt guide me with Thy counsel, And afterward receive me with glory."
5. Hebrew Bible, 2 Kings, 2.9-2.11 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

2.9. וַיְהִי כְעָבְרָם וְאֵלִיָּהוּ אָמַר אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע שְׁאַל מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה־לָּךְ בְּטֶרֶם אֶלָּקַח מֵעִמָּךְ וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלִישָׁע וִיהִי־נָא פִּי־שְׁנַיִם בְּרוּחֲךָ אֵלָי׃ 2.11. וַיְהִי הֵמָּה הֹלְכִים הָלוֹךְ וְדַבֵּר וְהִנֵּה רֶכֶב־אֵשׁ וְסוּסֵי אֵשׁ וַיַּפְרִדוּ בֵּין שְׁנֵיהֶם וַיַּעַל אֵלִיָּהוּ בַּסְעָרָה הַשָּׁמָיִם׃ 2.9. And it came to pass, when they were gone over, that Elijah said unto Elisha: ‘Ask what I shall do for thee, before I am taken from thee.’ And Elisha said: ‘I pray thee, let a double portion of thy spirit be upon me.’" 2.10. And he said: ‘Thou hast asked a hard thing; nevertheless, if thou see me when I am taken from thee, it shall be so unto thee; but if not, it shall not be so.’" 2.11. And it came to pass, as they still went on, and talked, that, behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, which parted them both assunder; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven."
6. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 10.4 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)

10.4. וַיָּרָם כְּבוֹד־יְהוָה מֵעַל הַכְּרוּב עַל מִפְתַּן הַבָּיִת וַיִּמָּלֵא הַבַּיִת אֶת־הֶעָנָן וְהֶחָצֵר מָלְאָה אֶת־נֹגַהּ כְּבוֹד יְהוָה׃ 10.4. And the glory of the LORD mounted up from the cherub to the threshold of the house; and the house was filled with the cloud, and the court was full of the brightness of the LORD’S glory."
7. Anon., 1 Enoch, 14.9 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

14.9. the vision caused me to fly and lifted me upward, and bore me into heaven. And I went in till I drew nigh to a wall which is built of crystals and surrounded by tongues of fire: and it began to affright
8. Anon., Testament of Job, 49, 48 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. CE)

9. Dead Sea Scrolls, Community Rule, 2.22-2.23, 5.23-5.24, 6.8-6.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

10. Dead Sea Scrolls, Hodayot, 11.20-11.21, 19.10-19.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

11. Dead Sea Scrolls, Hodayot, 11.20-11.21, 19.10-19.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

12. Dead Sea Scrolls, Scroll of Blessings, 4.25 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)

13. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 49.14 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)

49.14. No one like Enoch has been created on earth,for he was taken up from the earth.
14. Mishnah, Berachot, 5.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)

5.5. One who is praying and makes a mistake, it is a bad sign for him. And if he is the messenger of the congregation (the prayer leader) it is a bad sign for those who have sent him, because one’s messenger is equivalent to one’s self. They said about Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa that he used to pray for the sick and say, “This one will die, this one will live.” They said to him: “How do you know?” He replied: “If my prayer comes out fluently, I know that he is accepted, but if not, then I know that he is rejected.”"
15. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 11.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

11.10. For this cause the woman ought to have authority on her head,because of the angels.
16. New Testament, Colossians, 2.18, 2.23 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)

2.18. Let no one rob you of your prize by a voluntary humility and worshipping of the angels, dwelling in the things which he has not seen, vainly puffed up by his fleshly mind 2.23. Which things indeed appear like wisdom in self-imposed worship, and humility, and severity to the body; but aren't of any value against the indulgence of the flesh.
17. Anon., Genesis Rabba, 21.9 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)

21.9. מִקֶּדֶם, רַב אָמַר בְּכָל מָקוֹם רוּחַ מִזְרָחִית קוֹלֶטֶת, אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, וַיְגָרֶשׁ אֶת הָאָדָם וַיַּשְׁכֵּן מִקֶּדֶם לְגַן עֵדֶן. קַיִּן, וַיֵּצֵא קַיִן מִלִּפְנֵי ה' וַיֵּשֶׁב בְּאֶרֶץ נוֹד קִדְמַת עֵדֶן. הָרוֹצֵחַ, (דברים ד, מא): אָז יַבְדִּיל משֶׁה שָׁלשׁ עָרִים בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן מִזְרְחָה שָׁמֶשׁ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מִקֶּדֶם, קֶדֶם לַגַּן עֵדֶן נִבְרְאוּ הַמַּלְאָכִים, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (יחזקאל י, כ): הִיא הַחַיָּה אֲשֶׁר רָאִיתִי תַּחַת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּנְהַר כְּבָר וָאֵדַע כִּי כְּרוּבִים הֵמָּה. וְאֶת לַהַט, עַל שֵׁם (תהלים קד, ד): מְשָׁרְתָיו אֵשׁ לֹהֵט. הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת, שֶׁהֵם מִתְהַפְּכִים, פְּעָמִים אֲנָשִׁים, פְּעָמִים נָשִׁים, פְּעָמִים רוּחוֹת, פְּעָמִים מַלְאָכִים. דָּבָר אַחֵר, מִקֶּדֶם, מִקֹּדֶם לַגַּן עֵדֶן נִבְרֵאת גֵּיהִנֹם, גֵּיהִנֹּם בַּשֵּׁנִי וְגַן עֵדֶן בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי. וְאֵת לַהַט הַחֶרֶב הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת, עַל שֵׁם (מלאכי ג, יט): וְלִהַט אֹתָם הַיּוֹם הַבָּא. הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת, שֶׁהִיא מִתְהַפֶּכֶת עַל הָאָדָם וּמְלַהַטְתּוֹ מֵרֹאשׁוֹ וְעַד רַגְלָיו, וּמֵרַגְלָיו וְעַד רֹאשׁוֹ, אָמַר אָדָם מִי מַצִּיל אֶת בָּנַי מֵאֵשׁ לוֹהֶטֶת זוֹ, רַבִּי הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אַבָּא אָמַר חֶרֶב מִילָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יהושע ה, ב): עֲשֵׂה לְךָ חַרְבוֹת צוּרִים. רַבָּנִין אַמְרֵי חֶרֶב תּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קמט, ו): וְחֶרֶב פִּיפִיּוֹת בְּיָדָם. כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה אָדָם שֶׁבָּנָיו עֲתִידִים לֵירֵד לַגֵּיהִנֹּם, מִעֵט עַצְמוֹ מִפְּרִיָה וּרְבִיָה. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאָה שֶׁאַחַר כ"ו דּוֹרוֹת עֲתִידִין יִשְׂרָאֵל לְקַבֵּל הַתּוֹרָה, נִזְקַק לְהַעֲמִיד תּוֹלְדוֹת, שֶׁנֶאֱמַר (בראשית ד, א): וְהָאָדָם יָדַע אֶת חַוָּה אִשְׁתּוֹ.
18. Anon., Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, gen. 5.24 (2nd cent. CE - 7th cent. CE)

19. Babylonian Talmud, Hagigah, 15a (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)

15a. יכול אני לבעול כמה בעילות בלא דם או דלמא דשמואל לא שכיחא אמר להו דשמואל לא שכיח וחיישינן שמא באמבטי עיברה,והאמר שמואל כל שכבת זרע שאינו יורה כחץ אינו מזרעת מעיקרא נמי יורה כחץ הוה,ת"ר מעשה ברבי יהושע בן חנניה שהיה עומד על גב מעלה בהר הבית וראהו בן זומא ולא עמד מלפניו אמר לו מאין ולאין בן זומא אמר לו צופה הייתי בין מים העליונים למים התחתונים ואין בין זה לזה אלא שלש אצבעות בלבד שנאמר (בראשית א, ב) ורוח אלהים מרחפת על פני המים כיונה שמרחפת על בניה ואינה נוגעת אמר להן רבי יהושע לתלמידיו עדיין בן זומא מבחוץ,מכדי ורוח אלהים מרחפת על פני המים אימת הוי ביום הראשון הבדלה ביום שני הוא דהואי דכתיב (בראשית א, ו) ויהי מבדיל בין מים למים וכמה אמר רב אחא בר יעקב כמלא נימא ורבנן אמרי כי גודא דגמלא מר זוטרא ואיתימא רב אסי אמר כתרי גלימי דפריסי אהדדי ואמרי לה כתרי כסי דסחיפי אהדדי,אחר קיצץ בנטיעות עליו הכתוב אומר (קהלת ה, ה) אל תתן את פיך לחטיא את בשרך מאי היא חזא מיטטרון דאתיהבא ליה רשותא למיתב למיכתב זכוותא דישראל אמר גמירא דלמעלה לא הוי לא ישיבה ולא תחרות ולא עורף ולא עיפוי שמא חס ושלום ב' רשויות הן,אפקוהו למיטטרון ומחיוהו שיתין פולסי דנורא א"ל מ"ט כי חזיתיה לא קמת מקמיה איתיהיבא ליה רשותא למימחק זכוותא דאחר יצתה בת קול ואמרה (ירמיהו ג, יד) שובו בנים שובבים חוץ מאחר,אמר הואיל ואיטריד ההוא גברא מההוא עלמא ליפוק ליתהני בהאי עלמא נפק אחר לתרבות רעה נפק אשכח זונה תבעה אמרה ליה ולאו אלישע בן אבויה את עקר פוגלא ממישרא בשבת ויהב לה אמרה אחר הוא,שאל אחר את ר"מ לאחר שיצא לתרבות רעה א"ל מאי דכתיב (קהלת ז, יד) גם את זה לעומת זה עשה האלהים אמר לו כל מה שברא הקב"ה ברא כנגדו ברא הרים ברא גבעות ברא ימים ברא נהרות,אמר לו ר"ע רבך לא אמר כך אלא ברא צדיקים ברא רשעים ברא גן עדן ברא גיהנם כל אחד ואחד יש לו ב' חלקים אחד בגן עדן ואחד בגיהנם זכה צדיק נטל חלקו וחלק חברו בגן עדן נתחייב רשע נטל חלקו וחלק חברו בגיהנם,אמר רב משרשיא מאי קראה גבי צדיקים כתיב (ישעיהו סא, ז) לכן בארצם משנה יירשו גבי רשעים כתיב (ירמיהו יז, יח) ומשנה שברון שברם,שאל אחר את ר"מ לאחר שיצא לתרבות רעה מאי דכתיב (איוב כח, יז) לא יערכנה זהב וזכוכית ותמורתה כלי פז אמר לו אלו דברי תורה שקשין לקנותן ככלי זהב וכלי פז ונוחין לאבדן ככלי זכוכית אמר לו ר"ע רבך לא אמר כך אלא מה כלי זהב וכלי זכוכית אע"פ שנשברו יש להם תקנה אף ת"ח אע"פ שסרח יש לו תקנה אמר לו אף אתה חזור בך אמר לו כבר שמעתי מאחורי הפרגוד שובו בנים שובבים חוץ מאחר,ת"ר מעשה באחר שהיה רוכב על הסוס בשבת והיה רבי מאיר מהלך אחריו ללמוד תורה מפיו אמר לו מאיר חזור לאחריך שכבר שיערתי בעקבי סוסי עד כאן תחום שבת א"ל אף אתה חזור בך א"ל ולא כבר אמרתי לך כבר שמעתי מאחורי הפרגוד שובו בנים שובבים חוץ מאחר,תקפיה עייליה לבי מדרשא א"ל לינוקא פסוק לי פסוקך אמר לו (ישעיהו מח, כב) אין שלום אמר ה' לרשעים עייליה לבי כנישתא אחריתי א"ל לינוקא פסוק לי פסוקך אמר לו (ירמיהו ב, כב) כי אם תכבסי בנתר ותרבי לך בורית נכתם עונך לפני עייליה לבי כנישתא אחריתי א"ל 15a. bI can engage in intercourse several times without blood.In other words, I can have relations with a woman while leaving her hymen intact. If this is so, it is possible that the assumed virgin had intercourse in this manner and is forbidden to the High Priest. bOr, perhapsa person who can act like bShmuel is not commonand the ihalakhais not concerned with this case. bHe said to them:One like bShmuel is not common, and we are concerned that she may have conceived in a bath.Perhaps she washed in a bath that contained a man’s semen, from which she became impregnated while remaining a virgin.,The Gemara asks: How could she possibly become pregt in such a manner? bDidn’t Shmuel say: Any semen that is not shot like an arrow cannot fertilize?The Gemara answers: This does not mean that it must be shot like an arrow at the moment of fertilization. Even if binitially,when released from the male, bit was shot as an arrow,it can balsofertilize a woman at a later moment.,With regard to the fate of ben Zoma, bthe Sages taught: There was once an incident with regard to Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya, who was standing on a step on the Temple Mount, and ben Zoma saw him and did not stand before himto honor him, as he was deep in thought. Rabbi Yehoshua bsaid to him: From wheredo you come band where are you going, ben Zoma,i.e., what is on your mind? bHe said to him:In my thoughts bI was looking uponthe act of Creation, at the gap bbetween the upper waters and the lower waters, as there is onlythe breadth of ba mere three fingers between them, as it is stated: “And the spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters”(Genesis 1:2), blike a dove hovering over its young without touchingthem. bRabbi Yehoshua said to his studentswho had overheard this exchange: bBen Zoma is still outside;he has not yet achieved full understanding of these matters.,The Gemara explains: bNow,this verse: b“And the spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters,” when wasit stated? bOn the first day,whereas bthe divisionof the waters boccurred on the second day, as it is written: “And let it divide the waters from the waters”(Genesis 1:6). How, then, could ben Zoma derive a proof from the former verse? The Gemara asks: bAnd how much,in fact, is the gap between them? bRav Aḥa bar Ya’akov said: Like the thickness of a thread; and the Rabbis said: Likethe gap between bthe boards of a bridge. Mar Zutra, and some sayit was bRav Asi, said: Like two robes spread one over the other,with a slight gap in between. bAnd some said: Like two cups placed one upon the other. /b,§ The Gemara stated earlier that iAḥerchopped down the saplings,becoming a heretic. bWith regard to him, the verse states: “Do not let your mouth bring your flesh into guilt”(Ecclesiastes 5:5). The Gemara poses a question: bWhat wasit that led him to heresy? bHe sawthe angel bMitatron, who was granted permission to sit and write the meritsof bIsrael. He said:There is ba traditionthat in the world babove there is no sitting; no competition; noturning one’s bback before Him,i.e., all face the Divine Presence; band no lethargy.Seeing that someone other than God was seated above, bhe said: Perhaps,the Gemara here interjects, bHeaven forbid, there are two authorities,and there is another source of power in control of the world in addition to God. Such thoughts led iAḥerto heresy.,The Gemara relates: bThey removed Mitatronfrom his place in heaven band smote himwith bsixty rods [ ipulsei /i] of fire,so that others would not make mistake that iAḥermade. bThey saidto the angel: bWhat is the reasonthat bwhen you sawElisha ben Avuya byou did not stand before him?Despite this conduct, since Mitatron was personally involved, he bwas granted permission to erase the merits of iAḥer /iand cause him to stumble in any manner. bA Divine Voice went forth saying: “Return, rebellious children”(Jeremiah 3:22), bapart from iAḥer /i. /b,Upon hearing this, Elisha ben Avuya bsaid: Since that man,meaning himself, bhas been banished from that world, let him go out and enjoy this world. iAḥerwent astray. He wentand bfound a prostituteand bsolicited herfor intercourse. bShe said to him: Andare byou not Elisha ben Avuya?Shall a person of your stature perform such an act? bHe uprooted a radish from a patchof radishes bon Shabbat and gave it to her,to demonstrate that he no longer observed the Torah. The prostitute bsaid: He is otherthan he was. He is not the same Elisha ben Avuya, he is iAḥer /i, other.,The Gemara relates: iAḥerasked Rabbi Meira question, bafter he had gone astray. He said to him: What isthe meaning of that bwhich is written: “God has made even the one as well as the other”(Ecclesiastes 7:14)? Rabbi Meir bsaid to him: Everything that the Holy One, Blessed be He, created, He createda similar creation bcorresponding to it. He created mountains, He created hills; He created seas, He created rivers. /b, iAḥer bsaid to him: Rabbi Akiva, your teacher, did not say so, butexplained the verse as follows: Everything has its opposite: bHe created the righteous, He created the wicked; He created the Garden of Eden, He created Gehenna. Each and everyperson bhas two portions, one in the Garden of Eden and one in Gehenna.If he bmeritsit, by becoming brighteous, he takes his portion and the portion of hiswicked bcolleague in the Garden of Eden;if he is found bculpableby becoming bwicked, he takes his portion and the portion of his colleague in Gehenna. /b, bRav Mesharshiyya said: What is the versefrom which it is derived? bWith regard to the righteous, it is stated: “Therefore in their land they shall possess double”(Isaiah 61:7); whereas bwith regard to the wicked, it is stated: “And destroy them with double destruction”(Jeremiah 17:18); therefore, each receives a double portion.,iAḥerasked Rabbi Meiranother question, again bafter he had gone astray. What isthe meaning of that bwhich is written: “Gold and glass cannot equal it; neither shall its exchange be vessels of fine gold”(Job 28:17)? If it is referring to the praise and honor of the Torah, it should have compared it only to gold, not to glass. bHe said to him:This is referring to bwords of Torah, which are as difficult to acquire as gilded vessels and vessels of fine gold but are as easy to lose as glass vessels. iAḥer bsaid to him: Rabbi Akiva, your teacher, did not say so, buttaught as follows: bJust as golden vessels and glass vessels have a remedy even when they have broken,as they can be melted down and made into new vessels, bso too a Torah scholar, although he has transgressed, has a remedy.Rabbi Meir bsaid to him:If so, byou too, returnfrom your ways. bHe said to him: I have already heardthe following declaration bbehind thedividing bcurtain,which conceals God from the world: b“Return, rebellious children,”(Jeremiah 3:22) bapart from iAḥer /i. /b,The Gemara cites a related story: bThe Sages taught: There was once an incident involving iAḥer /i, who was riding on a horse on Shabbat, and Rabbi Meir was walking behind him to learn Torah from him.After a while, iAḥer bsaid to him: Meir, turn back, for I have already estimatedand measured baccording to the steps of my horsethat bthe Shabbat boundary ends here,and you may therefore venture no further. Rabbi Meir bsaid to him: You, too, returnto the correct path. bHe said to him: But have I not already told youthat bI have already heard behind thedividing bcurtain: “Return, rebellious children,” apart from iAḥer /i? /b,Nevertheless, Rabbi Meir btook hold of himand bbrought him to the study hall. iAḥer bsaid to a child,by way of divination: bRecite your versethat you studied today bto me. He recitedthe following verse bto him: “There is no peace, said the Lord, concerning the wicked”(Isaiah 48:22). bHe brought him to another study hall. iAḥer bsaid to a child: Recite your verse to me. He recited to him: “For though you wash with niter, and take for you much soap, yet your iniquity is marked before Me”(Jeremiah 2:22). bHe brought him to another study hall. iAḥer bsaid to /b
20. Babylonian Talmud, Sotah, 13b (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)

13b. קיים זה כל מה שכתוב בזה,ואי לא עסיק ביה משה ישראל לא הוו מיעסקי ביה והכתיב (יהושע כד, לב) ואת עצמות יוסף אשר העלו בני ישראל ממצרים קברו בשכם ותו אי לא איעסקו ביה ישראל בניו לא הוו מיעסקי ביה והכתיב (יהושע כד, לב) ויהיו לבני יוסף לנחלה,אמרו הניחו לו כבודו במרובים יותר מבמועטין ותו אמרו הניחו לו כבודו בגדולים יותר מבקטנים,קברו בשכם מאי שנא בשכם אמר ר' חמא בר' חנינא משכם גנבוהו ולשכם נחזיר אבידתו,קשו קראי אהדדי כתיב (שמות יג, יט) ויקח משה את עצמות יוסף עמו וכתיב ואת עצמות יוסף אשר העלו בני ישראל וגו',א"ר חמא בר' חנינא כל העושה דבר ולא גמרו ובא אחר וגמרו מעלה עליו הכתוב על שגמרו כאילו עשאו,רבי אלעזר אומר אף מורידין אותו מגדולתו דכתיב (בראשית לח, א) ויהי בעת ההיא וירד יהודה,רבי שמואל בר נחמני אמר אף קובר אשתו ובניו דכתיב (בראשית לח, יב) ותמת בת שוע אשת יהודה וגו' וכתיב וימת ער ואונן,אמר רב יהודה אמר רב מפני מה נקרא יוסף עצמות בחייו מפני שלא מיחה בכבוד אביו דקאמרי ליה (בראשית מד, כד) עבדך אבינו ולא אמר להו ולא מידי,ואמר רב יהודה אמר רב ואיתימא רבי חמא ברבי חנינא מפני מה מת יוסף קודם לאחיו מפני שהנהיג עצמו ברבנות,(בראשית לט, א) ויוסף הורד מצרימה א"ר אלעזר אל תיקרי הורד אלא הוריד שהוריד איצטגניני פרעה מגדולתן,ויקנהו פוטיפר סריס פרעה אמר רב שקנאו לעצמו (בא גבריאל וסירסו) בא גבריאל ופירעו מעיקרא כתיב פוטיפר ולבסוף פוטיפרע,מי לנו גדול ממשה וכו' (דברים ג, כו) ויאמר ה' אלי רב לך א"ר לוי ברב בישר ברב בישרוהו ברב בישר (במדבר טז, ג) רב לכם ברב בישרוהו רב לך,דבר אחר רב לך רב יש לך ומנו יהושע,דבר אחר רב לך שלא יאמרו הרב כמה קשה ותלמיד כמה סרבן וכל כך למה תנא דבי ר' ישמעאל לפום גמלא שיחנא,(דברים לא, ב) ויאמר אליהם בן מאה ועשרים שנה אנכי היום שאין ת"ל היום היום מלאו ימי ושנותי ללמדך שהקב"ה משלים שנותיהם של צדיקים מיום ליום ומחדש לחדש דכתיב (שמות כג, כו) את מספר ימיך אמלא,לא אוכל עוד לצאת ולבא מאי לצאת ולבא אילימא לצאת ולבא ממש והכתיב (דברים לד, ז) ומשה בן מאה ועשרים שנה במותו לא נס ליחה וכתיב (דברים לד, א) ויעל משה מערבות מואב אל הר נבו ותניא שתים עשרה מעלות היו שם ופסען משה בפסיעה אחת,א"ר שמואל בר נחמני א"ר יונתן לצאת ולבוא בדברי תורה מלמד שנסתתמו ממנו שערי חכמה,(דברים לא, יד) וילך משה ויהושע ויתיצבו באהל מועד תנא אותה שבת של דיו זוגי היתה ניטלה רשות מזה וניתנה לזה,(ותניא) א"ר יהודה אילמלא מקרא כתוב אי אפשר לאומרו היכן משה מת בחלקו של ראובן דכתיב (דברים לד, א) ויעל משה מערבות מואב אל הר נבו ונבו בחלקו של ראובן קיימא דכתיב (במדבר לב, לז) ובני ראובן בנו וגו' ואת נבו וגו',(נבו ששם מתו ג' נביאים משה ואהרן ומרים),והיכן משה קבור בחלקו של גד דכתיב (דברים לג, כא) וירא ראשית לו וגו' ומחלקו של ראובן עד חלקו של גד כמה הוי ארבעה מילין אותן ארבעה מילין מי הוליכו,מלמד שהיה משה מוטל בכנפי שכינה ומלאכי השרת אומרים (דברים לג, כא) צדקת ה' עשה ומשפטיו עם ישראל והקדוש ברוך הוא אומר (תהלים צד, טז) מי יקום לי עם מרעים מי יתיצב לי עם פועלי און,ושמואל אמר (קהלת ח, א) מי כהחכם ומי יודע פשר דבר ורבי יוחנן אמר (איוב כח, יב) החכמה מאין תמצא ורב נחמן אמר (דברים לד, ה) וימת שם משה וגו' סמליון אמר וימת שם משה ספרא רבה דישראל,תניא רבי אליעזר הגדול אומר שנים עשר מיל על שנים עשר מיל כנגד מחנה ישראל בת קול משמיע ואומר וימת משה ספרא רבה דישראל ויש אומרים לא מת משה כתיב הכא וימת שם וכתיב התם (שמות לד, כח) ויהי שם עם ה' מה להלן עומד ומשמש אף כאן עומד ומשמש,(דברים לד, ו) ויקבר אותו בגיא בארץ מואב מול בית פעור א"ר ברכיה סימן בתוך סימן ואפ"ה ולא ידע איש את קבורתו,וכבר שלחה מלכות הרשעה אצל 13b. bThisone, i.e., the deceased Joseph, bfulfilled all that is written in this.Therefore, it is fitting that the two arks should lie side by side.,The Gemara asks: bAnd if Moses had not dealt withthe burial of Joseph, bwould the Jewish people not have dealt with it? But isn’t it writtenthat after Moses died: b“And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, they buried in Shechem”(Joshua 24:32), which indicates that the Jewish people completed the burial of Joseph? bAnd furthermore, if the Jewish people had not dealt withJoseph’s burial, bwould his children not have dealt with it? But isn’t it writtenin that same verse: b“And they became the inheritance of the children of Joseph,”as Joseph was buried in Shechem, which was then given to his descendants? Therefore, the question arises: Why did Joseph’s descendants initially leave the task of his burial to the Jewish people and Moses?,The Gemara answers: bThey said: LeaveJoseph for others. bIt is more of an honor forJoseph to be buried bby the many than by the few,and therefore it is better that the Jewish people be involved in the burial. bAnd furthermore, they said: LeaveJoseph for others. bIt is more of an honor forJoseph to be buried bbyone of bthe greatmen like Moses bthan by lesser oneslike us.,In the aforementioned verse it states: “And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, bthey buried in Shechem,in the parcel of ground that Jacob bought from the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for a hundred pieces of money” (Joshua 24:32). The Gemara asks: bWhat is different about Shechemthat they specifically chose to bury Joseph there? bRabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, saysthat the Jewish people said: His brothers bkidnapped him from Shechem(see Genesis 37:12–28), band to Shechem we should return his lostbody.,The Gemara comments: bThe verses contradict each other,as bit is written: “And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him”(Exodus 13:19), band it is writtenelsewhere: b“And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought upout of Egypt” (Joshua 24:32). Who in fact took Joseph’s bones?, bRabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, says: Anyone who performs a matter but does not complete it, and then another comes and completes it, the verse ascribes credit to the one who completed it as if he hadactually bperformedthe entire act. Due to the fact that the children of Israel completed Joseph’s burial, the Torah ascribes them credit as if they had performed the entire act., bRabbi Elazar sayswith regard to one who initiates performance of a mitzva but does not complete it when capable of doing so: bHe is also demoted [ imoridin /i] from hisposition of bgreatness, as it is written: “And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down [ ivayyered /i]from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah” (Genesis 38:1). Usage of the term “went down” indicates that the rest of Judah’s brothers had demoted him from his position of greatness because he began the process of saving Joseph, but he did not complete it., bRabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani says:The episode with regard to Judah also indicates that one who initiates performance of a mitzva but does not complete it will balso bury his wife and childrenas Judah did, bas it is written: “Andin process of time bShua’s daughter, the wife of Judah, died”(Genesis 38:12), band it is writtenfurther: “And the sons of Judah: Er, and O, and Shelah, and Perez, and Zerah; bbut Er and O diedin the land of Canaan” (Genesis 46:12)., bRav Yehuda saysthat bRav says: For whatreason bwas Joseph called: Bones,even bduring his lifetime,as he had his brothers take an oath that “God will surely remember you, and you shall carry up my bones from here” (Genesis 50:25)? bBecause he did not protest for the honor of his father, asthe brothers bsaid toJoseph while unaware of his true identity: b“Your servant our father”(Genesis 43:28, 44:31), bandJoseph bsaid nothing to themin protest that they referred to his father Jacob as Joseph’s servant., bAnd Rav Yehuda saysthat bRav says, and some saythat this was said by bRabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina: For whatreason bdid Joseph predecease his brothers,as is indicated from his requesting of them to take care of his burial needs? bBecauseJoseph bacted authoritatively,and such behavior can reduce one’s life span.,After describing that Judah “went down” from his greatness, the Gemara discusses a similar term employed with regard to Joseph, as the verse states: b“And Joseph was brought down [ ihurad /i] to Egypt”(Genesis 39:1). bRabbi Elazar says: Do not readthe word as b“ ihurad /i,”meaning that he was passively brought down, bbutrather read it as ihorid /i,meaning: He, Joseph, brought down others, basJoseph bbrought down the astrologers [ iitztagninei /i] of Pharaoh from theirposition of beminencebecause he knew the interpretation of Pharaoh’s dreams when they did not.,The continuation of that verse states: b“And Potiphar, an officer [ iseris /i] of Pharaoh’s,the captain of the guard, an Egyptian, bbought himfrom the hand of the Ishmaelites, who had brought him down there” (Genesis 39:1). bRav says: He purchasedthe handsome Joseph bfor himself,for the intended purpose of homosexual intercourse, but was unable to fulfill his desires, as the angel bGabriel came and castratedPotiphar b[ iseireso /i].Then bGabriel cameagain bandfurther bmutilatedhim b[ ifero /i]in the same part of his body. This is alluded to in the verses that write Potiphar’s name differently: bInitially, it is written “Potiphar”(Genesis 39:1) band in the end it is written “Poti-phera”(Genesis 41:45). The change in his name indicates that a part of himself was mutilated.,§ The mishna teaches: bWho, to us,had ba greaterburial bthan Moses,as no one involved himself in his burial other than the Omnipresent Himself. The Gemara teaches: When Moses relates how God responded to him when denying his request to enter Eretz Yisrael, he states: b“And the Lord said to me: Let it suffice for you [ irav lakh /i];speak no more to Me of this matter” (Deuteronomy 3:26). bRabbi Levi says:Moses bproclaimedto the Jewish people when rebuking them bwiththe term b“ irav /i,”and therefore bit was proclaimed to him withthe term b“ irav /i”that he would not enter Eretz Yisrael. The Gemara explains: bHe proclaimed withthe term b“ irav /i”when speaking with the congregation of Korah: b“You take too much upon you [ irav lakhem /i],you sons of Levi” (Numbers 16:7), and bit was proclaimed to him withthe term b“ irav /i,”as God denied his request and said: b“Let it suffice for you [ irav lakh /i].” /b, bAlternatively:God’s telling Moses b“ irav lakh /i”was intended to mean: bYounow bhave a irav /i,a master, band who is it?It is bJoshua,who has been chosen to lead the Jewish people., bAlternatively:God’s telling Moses b“ irav lakh /i”was intended to mean: You have a irav /i, i.e., God, Who says that you may not enter Eretz Yisrael. You must not importune Me anymore, bso thatpeople bshould not say: How difficult is the Master and how obstinate is the student.The Gemara asks: bAnd whywas Moses punished bso muchin that he was not allowed to enter Eretz Yisrael, despite being so righteous? bThe school of Rabbi Yishmael taughtthat the reason is based on the common aphorism: bBased on the camel is the burden.In other words, a person is judged in accordance with his stature, and therefore a righteous individual will be punished greatly due to any sins he committed.,The verse relates what Moses said to the Jewish people at the end of his life: b“And he said to them: I am a hundred and twenty years old this day;I can no longer go out and come in; and the Lord has said to me: You shall not go over this Jordan” (Deuteronomy 31:2). The wording is problematic, basthere is bnoneed for bthe verse to statethe term b“this day.”Moses said it in order to indicate: On bthis day, my days and years have been completedto be precisely one hundred and twenty, in order bto teach you that the Holy One, Blessed be He, completes the years of the righteous from day to day and from month to month, as it is written: “The number of your days I will fill”(Exodus 23:26), indicating that the righteous will live out their years fully.,The verse continues: b“I can no longer go out and come in”(Deuteronomy 31:2). The Gemara asks: bWhatis the meaning of b“go out and come in”? If we sayit means literally that Moses was bactuallyphysically restricted from bgoing out and coming in, but isn’t it written: “And Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died,his eye was not dim, bnor his natural force abated”(Deuteronomy 34:7), indicating that he was at full physical strength? bAnd it is writtenfurther: b“And Moses went up from the plains of Moab to Mount Nebo”(Deuteronomy 34:1). bAnd it is taughtin a ibaraita /i: bThere were twelve steps thereto ascend the mountain, band Moses stepped over themall in bone step,also indicating that he was at full physical strength., bRabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani saysthat bRabbi Yonatan says:The verse means that he could no longer bgo out and come in with words of Torah.This bteaches that the gates of wisdom were closed off to him. /b,The verse discussing when Joshua was appointed to be the successor of Moses states: b“And Moses and Joshua went, and presented themselves in the Tent of Meeting”(Deuteronomy 31:14). A Sage btaught: That Sabbathwhen Moses died bwasa day bof two pairs [ ideyo zugei /i],i.e., two wise men, Moses and Joshua, serving together in one place. bAuthority was taken from one and given to the other. /b, bAnd it is taughtin a ibaraitathat bRabbi Yehuda said: If not foran explicitly bwritten verse, one could not saywhat is written with regard to the death and burial of Moses. bWhere did Moses die? In the portion of Reuben, as it is written: “And Moses went up from the plains of Moab to Mount Nebo”(Deuteronomy 34:1), bandit is known from elsewhere that bNebo is situated in the portion of Reuben, as it is written: “And the children of Reuben builtHeshbon, and Elealeh, and Kiriathaim, band Nebo”(Numbers 32:37–38).,The name is also expounded: It is called b“Nebo [ iNevo /i],” for three prophets [ inevi’im /i] died there: Moses, and Aaron, and Miriam. /b,Rabbi Yehuda continues: bAnd where is Moses buried? In the portion of Gad, as it is writtenin the blessing of Moses to the tribe of Gad: b“And he chose a first part for himself,for there a portion of a ruler was reserved” (Deuteronomy 33:21), indicating that Moses, the ruler, is buried in the portion of Gad. bAnd how much isthe distance bfrom the portion of Reuben to the portion of Gad? Four imil /i.Rabbi Yehuda asks: For bthose four imil /ifrom Mount Nebo in the portion of Reuben to the burial place of Moses in the portion of Gad, bwho transported him? /b,He answers: The contradiction between the two verses bteaches that Moses was lying in the wings of the Divine Presence,as Moses was carried out by God Himself, band the ministering angels were saying: “He executed the righteousness of the Lord, and His ordices with Israel”(Deuteronomy 33:21). bAnd the Holy One, Blessed be He, was saying: “Who will rise up for Me against the evildoers? Who will stand up for Me against the workers of iniquity?”(Psalms 94:16). In other words, God asked: Who will now defend the Jewish people against its accusers? The idea that God Himself transported Moses to his burial could not have been said if not for the proof from the resolution between the contradictory verses., bAnd Shmuel saysthat God was saying the verse: b“Who is as the wise man and who knows the interpretation [ ipesher /i] of a matter?”(Ecclesiastes 8:1), referring to the greatness of Moses, who was able to forge compromises, ipesharim /i, between God and the Jewish people. bAnd Rabbi Yoḥa saysthat God was saying the verse: b“Wisdom, where can it be found?”(Job 28:12). bAnd Rav Naḥman saysthat God was saying the verse: b“And Moses,the servant of God, bdied there”(Deuteronomy 34:5). bSemalyon saysthat God was saying: bAnd Moses, the great scribe of Israel, died there. /b, bIt is taughtin a ibaraitathat bRabbi Eliezer the Great says:Over an area of btwelve imilby twelve imil /i, equivalent to thesize of the bcamp of Israel, a Divine Voice proclaimed and said: And Moses, the great scribe of Israel, died. And some say: Moses did notactually bdie,as bit is written here: “AndMoses, the servant of the Lord, bdied there”(Deuteronomy 34:5), band it is written there: “And he was there with the Lordforty days and forty nights” (Exodus 34:28). bJust as there,where it says: “And he was there with the Lord,” it means that bhe was standing and servingbefore God; bso too, here,when it says: “And Moses, the servant of the Lord, died there,” it means that bhe was standing and servingbefore God.,The verse describing the burial of Moses states: b“And He buried him in the valley in the land of Moab over against Beth Peor;and no man knows of his grave to this day” (Deuteronomy 34:6). bRabbi Berekhya says:This verse provides ba sign within a sign,i.e., a very precise description of the location of his burial, band even with thisthe verse concludes: b“And no man knows of his graveto this day” (Deuteronomy 34:6).,The Gemara relates: bAnd the evil monarchyof the Roman Empire balready sentmessengers bto /b
21. Anon., Numbers Rabba, 5.3 (4th cent. CE - 9th cent. CE)

5.3. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אַל תַּכְרִיתוּ וגו', הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (מלכים ב יד, כז): וְלֹא דִבֶּר ה' לִמְחוֹת אֶת שֵׁם יִשְׂרָאֵל מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמָיִם, אֵין הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְבַקֵּשׁ שֶׁיָּמוּת אֶחָד מֵהֶם, רְאֵה מַה כְּתִיב (ישעיה נו, ג): וְאַל יֹאמַר בֶּן הַנֵּכָר וגו', וּמַה עַל בֶּן נֵכָר אָמַרְתִּי שֶׁלֹא לְפָסְלוֹ עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהֵם בָּנַי, הֱוֵי: וְלֹא דִּבֶּר ה' לִמְחוֹת וגו'. וְכֵן הַגִּבְעוֹנִים שֶׁהָיוּ גֵּרִים גְּרוּרִים וְלֹא הָיוּ גֵּרֵי אֱמֶת אֶלָּא מִן הַיִּרְאָה נִתְגַּיְּרוּ קִבַּלְתִּי אוֹתָם, וְעַל שֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ שָׁאוּל לְהִזְדַּקֵּק לָהֶם וְהָרַג הַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁהָיוּ מַסְפִּיקִין מְזוֹנוֹתָן, הֲרַגְתִּיו. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁהֵבֵאתִי שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים רָעָב בִּשְׁבִילָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל ב כא, א): וַיְהִי רָעָב בִּימֵי דָוִד וגו', וּמַה אִם לַגִּבְעוֹנִים שֶׁבָּאוּ אֶצְלְכֶם לֹא פָסַלְתִּי, לְבָנַי אֲנִי פּוֹסֵל, הֱוֵי: וְלֹא דִּבֶּר ה' לִמְחוֹת וגו', וְעַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה לַלְוִיִּם שֶׁהֵם מְשָׁרְתִים לְפָנַי, הֱוֵי: אַל תַּכְרִיתוּ. אַל תַּכְרִיתוּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (נחום א, ז): טוֹב ה' לְמָעוֹז בְּיוֹם צָרָה, אֵין מִדּוֹתָיו שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כְּמִדַת בָּשָׂר וָדָם, מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם שֶׁמָּרְדָה עָלָיו מְדִינָה, הוּא עוֹשֶׂה בָהּ אַנְדְּרוֹלוֹמוּסְיָא וְהוֹרֵג הַטּוֹבִים עִם הָרָעִים, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵינוֹ כֵן, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַדּוֹר מַכְעִיס לְפָנָיו הוּא מְמַלֵּט הַצַּדִּיקִים וּמְאַבֵּד לָרְשָׁעִים, חָטָא דּוֹר אֱנוֹשׁ אִבֵּד אוֹתָם, הִצִּיל לַחֲנוֹךְ (בראשית ה, כד): וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ חֲנוֹךְ, לָמָּה (נחום א, ז): בְּיוֹם צָרָה וְיֹדֵעַ חֹסֵי בוֹ. דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל הִכְעִיסוּ וְאִבְּדָן וְהִצִּיל לְנֹחַ (בראשית ו, ח): וְנֹחַ מָצָא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי ה', הֱוֵי: בְּיוֹם צָרָה וְיֹדֵעַ חֹסֵי בוֹ. סְדוֹמִיִּים הִכְעִיסוּ וְאִבְּדָם וְהִצִּיל לוֹט, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יט, כט): וַיְהִי בְּשַׁחֵת ה' אֶת עָרֵי הַכִּכָּר וגו', הֱוֵי: בְּיוֹם צָרָה וְיֹדֵעַ חֹסֵי בוֹ. הֵבִיא חשֶׁךְ עַל הַמִּצְרִיִּים (שמות י, כג): וּלְכָל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הָיָה אוֹר, הֱוֵי: בְּיוֹם צָרָה וְיֹדֵעַ חֹסֵי בוֹ, יָצְאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרַיִם בָּאוּ לַמִּדְבָּר עָשׂוּ אוֹתוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה חוּץ מִשִּׁבְטוֹ שֶׁל לֵוִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לב, כו): מִי לַה' אֵלָי וַיֵּאָסְפוּ אֵלָיו כָּל בְּנֵי לֵוִי, מִיָּד עָמַד משֶׁה וְהָרַג לַחוֹטְאִים עַל יְדֵי שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לב, כח): וַיַּעֲשׂוּ בְנֵי לֵוִי כִּדְבַר משֶׁה, וְנָגַף הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֵׂי מַעֲשֵׂה הָעֵגֶל וְלֹא נָגַף שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לב, לה): וַיִּגֹּף ה' וגו', הֱוֵי: בְּיוֹם צָרָה וְיֹדֵעַ חֹסֵי בוֹ, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי חָסוּ בִּי וְקִדְשׁוּ שְׁמִי בָּעֵגֶל, הַדִין הוּא שֶׁאֵדַע אוֹתָם לְטוֹב וְאַצִּילֵם מִצָּרָה, לְפִיכָךְ הִזְהִיר לְמשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן עַל בְּנֵי קְהָת שֶׁהָיוּ לְוִיִּם שֶׁלֹא יִתְכַּלּוּ בְּמַעֲשֵׂה הָאָרוֹן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: אַל תַּכְרִיתוּ וגו'.
22. Anon., 2 Enoch, 20.3

23. Anon., 3 Enoch, 4.1-4.5, 15.1

24. Anon., Apocalypse of Abraham, 17

25. Anon., Sefer Raziel, 99, 98

26. Anon., Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer, 8

27. Anon., Hekhalot Zutarti, 350-352, 420, 349

28. Anon., Maase Merkava, 546-556, 565-566, 569, 571-578, 580-595, 545

29. Anon., Merkava Rabba, 673-674, 681, 692, 704, 655



Subjects of this text:

subject book bibliographic info
accusing, heavenly Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 256
accusing, rivalry with humans Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
adam Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
akiva Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
angel Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109; Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177, 190, 191
angelic descent, post-talmudic jewish approaches to.nan Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 239, 249
angelic sin, as epistemological transgression Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
angelic sin Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
angelification Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211
angels Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211; Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44, 160
annihilation Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 190
apocalyptic Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
apocalyptic literature, and book of daniel Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
apocalyptic literature, and hekhalot literature Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 249, 256
apocalyptic literature, history of scholarship on Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
apology, apologetics, christian Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
asael, azael, and similarly named angels/demons Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 256
asael, azael, as teacher Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 256
asael, azael, paired with semihazah/semhazai Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
asael, azael Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239
ascension Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
ascension of isaiah Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211
ascent to heaven Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44, 160, 248
azzah/uzzah, as teachers Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 256
azzah/uzzah Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 249
baptism Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211
baruch, second Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211
body, divine Janowitz, Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity (2002b) 53
body Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 191
bones Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 191
boundaries Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177
cairo genizah Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 249
clement of alexandria Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
cohen, m. Janowitz, Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity (2002b) 53
colossians, letter to Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 160
contact Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177
cosmetics, cosmetology, as angelic teaching Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
creation, building blocks of Janowitz, Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity (2002b) 53
crown Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 190
dead sea scrolls, qumran Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 160
destruction Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177, 190
divine limbs Janowitz, Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity (2002b) 53
dyes Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
ecclesiasticus Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
eden Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 190
elchesai Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
eliezer Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
elijah Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
elisha ben avuya (aher) Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
enoch, and revealed knowledge Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
enoch, as author Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
enoch, as metatron Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 249, 256
enoch, elevation of Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 249
enoch, escape from death Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
enoch, in medieval judaism Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
enoch Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211; Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109; Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177, 190, 191
enoch xviii, xix Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
enochic literary tradition, and 3 enoch Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 239, 249, 256
enochic literary tradition, place of book of dreams in Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
enochic literature, preservation of extracts from Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 239
enosh Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 256
face Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 190
fallen angels, and stars Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 256
fire Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177, 191
flesh Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 191
flood, causes of Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
four who entered pardes, the story of the Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 160
from cave Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
genesis, and book of the watchers Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
glory/glory Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 190
gruenwald, i. Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
heaven Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109; Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177, 190, 191
heavenly ascent, of enoch Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
heavenly hymns Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
hekhalot Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211; Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177, 190, 191; Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
hekhalot literature Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 249
icon, limbs as Janowitz, Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity (2002b) 53
icon, names as Janowitz, Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity (2002b) 53
idolatry, and generation of enosh Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
idolatry, as linked to fallen angels and demons Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 256
intermarriage Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
intermediary theology Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
islam Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 239
israel Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177
jerome Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
jerusalem Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
jews Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
job, testament of Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 160
josephus Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 239
knowledge, revealed Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
letters Janowitz, Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity (2002b) 53
liturgy, heavenly Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211
maase merkava Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
magic, as angelic teaching Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 256
mani, manichees Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 239
manna Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 190
merkava xiii–xvi, xix Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44, 248
metalworking, and idolatry Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 256
metatron Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211; Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109; Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177, 190, 191; Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 249, 256; Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
midrash Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 249
moses, in medieval judaism Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
moses, motif of illicit angelic instruction Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 256
moses Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
mysticism Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109; Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
names, divine, barbara Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
nehunya ben hakanah Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
noah Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
orality and textuality Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
ouranography, outside books Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 239
paradise, pardes, entered pardes Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 160
paul Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 160
philosophy, and christianity Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
planets Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
power, power of god, powers Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44, 160
pragmatics Janowitz, Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity (2002b) 53
prayer Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
r. ishmael Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 249
righteous Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
scholem, gershom Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
schäfer, p. Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
scripture, jewish views of Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 239
secrecy Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44, 248
semihazah, semhazai Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
septuagint Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
seth, sethians Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
sethians Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211
seventh heaven Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
shekhinah Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 256
shiur koma Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 248
sinai Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177
sodom, sodomites Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
songs of the sabbath sacrifice Iricinschi et al., Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels (2013) 211
sons of god, as sethians Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236, 239, 249, 256
sons of god, euhemeristic interpretations of' Reed, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature (2005) 236
sounds Janowitz, Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity (2002b) 53
stars Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
substance Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 190, 191
testament of abraham Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
throne, enthroned Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
throne Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 190, 191
torah Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109; Putthoff, Ontological Aspects of Early Jewish Anthropology (2016) 177
transformation Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 44
translation Poorthuis and Schwartz, Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity (2014) 109
vision Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 160
worship Rowland, The Mystery of God: Early Jewish Mysticism and the New Testament (2009) 160