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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

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Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.


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All subjects (including unvalidated):
subject book bibliographic info
exempla/exemplarity Blum and Biggs (2019) 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 208
exempla/exemplarity, valerius flaccus, g. Blum and Biggs (2019) 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87
exempla/exemplarity, vergil, p. vergilius maro Blum and Biggs (2019) 136, 138
exemplar Oksanish (2019) 88, 89, 90, 91
Poorthuis and Schwartz (2014) 5, 206, 210, 217, 220, 224, 225
exemplar, abraham, as universal Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 43, 44, 50, 216
exemplar, aristotle, appeal of as, apuleius Hoenig (2018) 110
exemplar, divine sonship of jesus as Peppard (2011) 6, 14, 155, 165, 171, 237
exemplar, fatherhood of god, causal Widdicombe (2000) 177, 178
exemplar, gamliel, r., as Simon-Shushan (2012) 69, 124, 135, 139, 140, 141, 143
exemplar, honi hame'agel as rabbinic Simon-Shushan (2012) 135
exemplar, judah, r, as Simon-Shushan (2012) 143
exemplar, model, moral Moss (2010) 109
exemplar, senate of rome, as Ando (2013) 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 202, 383
exemplar, septuagint, pentateuch, official Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 140, 141, 143
exemplar, shammai, as Simon-Shushan (2012) 141, 143
exemplar, widow, in tale of widow’s mite, as moral Ashbrook Harvey et al (2015) 185
exemplar, yohanan ben zakkai, r., as Simon-Shushan (2012) 139, 140, 141
exemplarity Bay (2022) 130
Champion (2022) 9, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34
Čulík-Baird (2022) 121, 123, 124, 153, 188
exemplarity, ab urbe condita, livy, aetia and Walter (2020) 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154
exemplarity, and biology Bexley (2022) 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 111, 116, 117, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 134, 135, 138, 154, 155, 156, 159
exemplarity, and change over time Roller (2018) 22
exemplarity, and family models Bexley (2022) 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 111, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 146, 147, 150, 151, 159, 160
exemplarity, and metapoetics Bexley (2022) 115, 116, 117
exemplarity, and mimesis Bexley (2022) 100, 101, 102, 103, 131, 137, 142, 159
exemplarity, and statuary/sculptures Bexley (2022) 109, 110, 111
exemplarity, and the roman funeral Bexley (2022) 120, 121
exemplarity, and theatrical performance Bexley (2022) 128, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142
exemplarity, arria, wife of thrasea paetus, and Bexley (2022) 151
exemplarity, available to broad audiences Roller (2018) 63
exemplarity, broken under domitian, chain of Langlands (2018) 245, 246, 248, 250
exemplarity, chain of Langlands (2018) 44, 94
exemplarity, change over time, sites of Langlands (2018) 209, 211, 215, 221, 223
exemplarity, cicero, and Bexley (2022) 104, 105
exemplarity, decline Roller (2018) 155
exemplarity, dorotheus as, exemplar, Champion (2022) 197, 198, 201, 202
exemplarity, dramatizing for habituation Champion (2022) 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202
exemplarity, exegesis, and Champion (2022) 194, 195
exemplarity, exemplars, Morrison (2020) 40, 60, 98, 108, 109, 111, 183, 184, 214
exemplarity, exemplum, imitation, emulation Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 81, 106, 146, 147, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 163, 172, 178, 200, 203, 218, 227, 229, 230, 232, 234, 239, 242, 243, 247, 277, 278, 292
exemplarity, genealogy, and Bexley (2022) 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 110, 111, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 150, 151
exemplarity, habituation, and Champion (2022) 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202
exemplarity, improvement Roller (2018) 154, 155
exemplarity, in letters Champion (2022) 102, 103, 106, 107
exemplarity, in scripture Gray (2021) 44, 45, 46, 47
exemplarity, internal inconsistency, sites of Langlands (2018) 286
exemplarity, intertextuality, and Bexley (2022) 115, 116, 117, 126, 127, 128, 134, 135, 148, 149, 150
exemplarity, literary engagement with, sites of Langlands (2018) 292, 293, 294, 296, 299, 301, 305, 306, 309, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 324, 325, 329, 330
exemplarity, minotaur, significance of in roman Bexley (2022) 103, 104, 105, 106, 151
exemplarity, mucius scaevola, changing site of Langlands (2018) 209, 211, 215
exemplarity, negative Roller (2018) 120, 242
exemplarity, of christ Champion (2022) 17, 18, 44, 45, 46, 47, 100, 188, 189, 193, 194
exemplarity, of clothing, monastic Champion (2022) 193, 194
exemplarity, of education, egypt Czajkowski et al (2020) 19, 97, 98, 115
exemplarity, of hercules, self-reflexive Bexley (2022) 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165
exemplarity, paternity, and Bexley (2022) 104
exemplarity, paulina, wife of seneca, and Bexley (2022) 151
exemplarity, positive vs. negative Roller (2018) 98, 113, 159, 183, 188, 192
exemplarity, productive logic of Roller (2018) 38, 89, 157, 218, 245
exemplarity, prospective Roller (2018) 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63
exemplarity, repetition, and Bexley (2022) 102, 103, 104
exemplarity, retrospective Roller (2018) 54, 56, 57
exemplarity, retrospective vs. prospective Roller (2018) 154, 274, 284
exemplarity, scipio africanus, and chain of Langlands (2018) 94
exemplarity, self-reflexive forms of Bexley (2022) 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179
exemplarity, sites of Langlands (2018) 209, 211, 215, 221, 223
exemplarity, suicide, and Bexley (2022) 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151
exemplarity, tacitus, on Langlands (2018) 245, 246, 248, 250
exemplarity, theory Gray (2021) 2, 75, 169, 170, 241
exemplarity, valerius maximus, and chain of Langlands (2018) 44
exemplars Najman (2010) 95, 110, 114, 158, 165, 166, 167, 172, 173, 183, 184, 185, 222, 231, 236, 238, 239, 241, 250, 251, 252, 255
Simon-Shushan (2012) 135
exemplars, ambiguous Simon-Shushan (2012) 141, 143, 146, 148
exemplars, form, as Ebrey and Kraut (2022) 403, 422
exemplars, marginal Simon-Shushan (2012) 148, 150, 153
exemplars, miracle workers, as Simon-Shushan (2012) 135
exemplars, of trust Morgan (2022) 62, 63, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 173, 243, 270
exemplars, of trust, jesus as Morgan (2022) 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 228, 271, 279, 280, 361
exemplars, of trust, john the baptist as Morgan (2022) 215
exemplars, of trust, paul as Morgan (2022) 62, 63
exemplars, rabbis Simon-Shushan (2012) 135, 139, 140, 141, 148
exemplars, rabbis as Simon-Shushan (2012) 139, 140, 141
exemplars, sukkah cases Simon-Shushan (2012) 143, 146
exemplum/exemplarity Clay and Vergados (2022) 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280, 285, 286, 287

List of validated texts:
17 validated results for "exemplar"
1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 32.4 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Abot, exemplarity of sages’ lives in • Mishnah, exemplarity of sages’ lives in • Sifra, exemplarity of sages’ lives in • Sifre to Deuteronomy, exemplarity of sages’ lives in • Sifré to Numbers, exemplarity of sages’ lives in • Tosefta, exemplarity of sages’ lives in • exemplars of trust

 Found in books: Morgan (2022) 76; Neusner (2004) 179


32.4. הַצּוּר תָּמִים פָּעֳלוֹ כִּי כָל־דְּרָכָיו מִשְׁפָּט אֵל אֱמוּנָה וְאֵין עָוֶל צַדִּיק וְיָשָׁר הוּא׃'
32.4. כִּי־אֶשָּׂא אֶל־שָׁמַיִם יָדִי וְאָמַרְתִּי חַי אָנֹכִי לְעֹלָם׃ '. None
32.4. The Rock, His work is perfect; For all His ways are justice; A God of faithfulness and without iniquity, Just and right is He. .''. None
2. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 12.2, 18.17 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Abraham, as universal exemplar • Septuagint, Pentateuch, official exemplar • exemplars of trust

 Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 143; Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 43, 44; Morgan (2022) 76, 77


12.2. וְאֶעֶשְׂךָ לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל וַאֲבָרֶכְךָ וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶךָ וֶהְיֵה בְּרָכָה׃
12.2. וַיְצַו עָלָיו פַּרְעֹה אֲנָשִׁים וַיְשַׁלְּחוּ אֹתוֹ וְאֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ׃
18.17. וַיהֹוָה אָמָר הַמְכַסֶּה אֲנִי מֵאַבְרָהָם אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי עֹשֶׂה׃' '. None
12.2. And I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and be thou a blessing.
18.17. And the LORD said: ‘Shall I hide from Abraham that which I am doing;' '. None
3. None, None, nan (3rd cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Vergil (P. Vergilius Maro), exempla/exemplarity • exemplarity, exemplars

 Found in books: Blum and Biggs (2019) 138; Morrison (2020) 184


4. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • exemplarity • imitation, emulation, exemplarity, exemplum

 Found in books: Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 106; Čulík-Baird (2022) 121


5. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • First movements, Expounded by Seneca, perhaps earlier by Cicero, but examples in Aristotle and (possibly) Chrysippus not yet recognized as such • emotions, examples of • exemplarity

 Found in books: Graver (2007) 231, 233, 237; Sorabji (2000) 70; Čulík-Baird (2022) 188


6. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Scipio Africanus, and chain of exemplarity • chain of exemplarity • exemplarity,

 Found in books: Bay (2022) 130; Langlands (2018) 94


7. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • exemplarity, positive vs. negative • sites of exemplarity, literary engagement with

 Found in books: Langlands (2018) 305; Roller (2018) 183


8. New Testament, James, 2.23 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Septuagint, Pentateuch, official exemplar • exemplars of trust

 Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 143; Morgan (2022) 77


2.23. Ἐπίστευσεν δὲ Ἀβραὰμ τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην, καὶ φίλος θεοῦ ἐκλήθη.''. None
2.23. and the Scripture was fulfilled which says, "Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him as righteousness;" and he was called the friend of God. ''. None
9. New Testament, Romans, 3.21-3.26 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Moral Exemplar model • exemplars of trust • exemplars of trust, Paul as

 Found in books: Morgan (2022) 63, 76, 77; Moss (2010) 109


3.21. νυνὶ δὲ χωρὶς νόμου δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ πεφανέρωται, μαρτυρουμένη ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν, 3.22. δικαιοσύνη δὲ θεοῦ διὰ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, εἰς πάντας τοὺς πιστεύοντας, οὐ γάρ ἐστιν διαστολή. 3.23. πάντες γὰρ ἥμαρτον καὶ ὑστεροῦνται τῆς δόξης τοῦ θεοῦ, 3.24. δικαιούμενοι δωρεὰν τῇ αὐτοῦ χάριτι διὰ τῆς ἀπολυτρώσεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ· 3.25. ὃν προέθετο ὁ θεὸς ἱλαστήριον διὰ πίστεως ἐν τῷ αὐτοῦ αἵματι εἰς ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ διὰ τὴν πάρεσιν τῶν προγεγονότων ἁμαρτημάτων 3.26. ἐν τῇ ἀνοχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ, πρὸς τὴν ἔνδειξιν τῆς δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ, εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν δίκαιον καὶ δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ.''. None
3.21. But now apart from the law, a righteousness of God has been revealed, being testified by the law and the prophets; 3.22. even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ to all and on all those who believe. For there is no distinction, 3.23. for all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God; 3.24. being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus; ' "3.25. whom God set forth to be an atoning sacrifice, through faith in his blood, for a demonstration of his righteousness through the passing over of prior sins, in God's forbearance; " '3.26. to demonstrate his righteousness at this present time; that he might himself be just, and the justifier of him who has faith in Jesus. ''. None
10. New Testament, John, 17.21 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • exemplarity, in letters • exemplars of trust, Jesus as

 Found in books: Champion (2022) 107; Morgan (2022) 222, 223


17.21. ἵνα πάντες ἓν ὦσιν, καθὼς σύ, πατήρ, ἐν ἐμοὶ κἀγὼ ἐν σοί, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ὦσιν, ἵνα ὁ κόσμος πιστεύῃ ὅτι σύ με ἀπέστειλας.''. None
17.21. that they may all be one; even as you, Father, are in me, and I in you, that they also may be one in us; that the world may believe that you sent me. ''. None
11. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • exemplarity, and statuary/sculptures • exemplarity, improvement • exemplarity, retrospective vs. prospective • genealogy, and exemplarity

 Found in books: Bexley (2022) 109, 110; Roller (2018) 154


12. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Mucius Scaevola, changing site of exemplarity • exempla and exemplarity • exempla and exemplarity, Republican • sites of exemplarity • sites of exemplarity, change over time

 Found in books: König and Whitton (2018) 320; Langlands (2018) 209


13. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 7.29 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Tacitus, on exemplarity • chain of exemplarity, broken under Domitian • exempla and exemplarity • exempla and exemplarity, Republican

 Found in books: König and Whitton (2018) 324, 327; Langlands (2018) 246


7.29. To Montanus. You will first laugh, then feel annoyed, and then laugh again, if ever you read something which you will think almost incredible, unless you see it with your own eyes. I noticed the other day, just before you come to the first milestone on the Tiburtine Road, a monument to Pallas * bearing this inscription ''. None
14. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • First movements, Expounded by Seneca, perhaps earlier by Cicero, but examples in Aristotle and (possibly) Chrysippus not yet recognized as such • emotions, examples of

 Found in books: Graver (2007) 237; Sorabji (2000) 122


15. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Tacitus, on exemplarity • chain of exemplarity, broken under Domitian • exempla and exemplarity • exempla and exemplarity, Republican • exemplarity, self-reflexive forms of

 Found in books: Bexley (2022) 171, 172, 173; König and Whitton (2018) 307, 308; Langlands (2018) 245


16. Vergil, Aeneis, 1.203
 Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, G., exempla/exemplarity • exempla and typology, Orosius Historiae, exemplarity in • exempla/exemplarity

 Found in books: Blum and Biggs (2019) 71; Goldhill (2022) 417


1.203. mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit.''. None
1.203. (rage never lacks for arms)—if haply then ''. None
17. None, None, nan
 Tagged with subjects: • exemplarity, exemplum, imitation, emulation • imitation, emulation, exemplarity, exemplum • senate of Rome, as exemplar

 Found in books: Ando (2013) 164; Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 8





Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.