1. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 29.12-29.34 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 17| 29.12. "וּבַחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָכֶם כָּל־מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ וְחַגֹּתֶם חַג לַיהוָה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים׃", 29.13. "וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם עֹלָה אִשֵּׁה רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ לַיהוָה פָּרִים בְּנֵי־בָקָר שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר אֵילִם שְׁנָיִם כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָה אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר תְּמִימִם יִהְיוּ׃", 29.14. "וּמִנְחָתָם סֹלֶת בְּלוּלָה בַשָּׁמֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה עֶשְׂרֹנִים לַפָּר הָאֶחָד לִשְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר פָּרִים שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים לָאַיִל הָאֶחָד לִשְׁנֵי הָאֵילִם׃", 29.15. "וְעִשָּׂרוֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן לַכֶּבֶשׂ הָאֶחָד לְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר כְּבָשִׂים׃", 29.16. "וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּים אֶחָד חַטָּאת מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד מִנְחָתָהּ וְנִסְכָּהּ׃", 29.17. "וּבַיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי פָּרִים בְּנֵי־בָקָר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר אֵילִם שְׁנָיִם כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָה אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר תְּמִימִם׃", 29.18. "וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם לַפָּרִים לָאֵילִם וְלַכְּבָשִׂים בְּמִסְפָּרָם כַּמִּשְׁפָּט׃", 29.19. "וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּים אֶחָד חַטָּאת מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד וּמִנְחָתָהּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם׃", 29.21. "וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם לַפָּרִים לָאֵילִם וְלַכְּבָשִׂים בְּמִסְפָּרָם כַּמִּשְׁפָּט׃", 29.22. "וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת אֶחָד מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד וּמִנְחָתָהּ וְנִסְכָּהּ׃", 29.23. "וּבַיּוֹם הָרְבִיעִי פָּרִים עֲשָׂרָה אֵילִם שְׁנָיִם כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָה אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר תְּמִימִם׃", 29.24. "מִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם לַפָּרִים לָאֵילִם וְלַכְּבָשִׂים בְּמִסְפָּרָם כַּמִּשְׁפָּט׃", 29.25. "וּשְׂעִיר־עִזִּים אֶחָד חַטָּאת מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד מִנְחָתָהּ וְנִסְכָּהּ׃", 29.26. "וּבַיּוֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי פָּרִים תִּשְׁעָה אֵילִם שְׁנָיִם כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָה אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר תְּמִימִם׃", 29.27. "וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם לַפָּרִים לָאֵילִם וְלַכְּבָשִׂים בְּמִסְפָּרָם כַּמִּשְׁפָּט׃", 29.28. "וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת אֶחָד מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד וּמִנְחָתָהּ וְנִסְכָּהּ׃", 29.29. "וּבַיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי פָּרִים שְׁמֹנָה אֵילִם שְׁנָיִם כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָה אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר תְּמִימִם׃", 29.31. "וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת אֶחָד מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד מִנְחָתָהּ וּנְסָכֶיהָ׃", 29.32. "וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי פָּרִים שִׁבְעָה אֵילִם שְׁנָיִם כְּבָשִׂים בְּנֵי־שָׁנָה אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר תְּמִימִם׃", 29.33. "וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּהֶם לַפָּרִים לָאֵילִם וְלַכְּבָשִׂים בְּמִסְפָּרָם כְּמִשְׁפָּטָם׃", 29.34. "וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת אֶחָד מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד מִנְחָתָהּ וְנִסְכָּהּ׃", | 29.12. "And on the fifteenth day of the seventh month ye shall have a holy convocation: ye shall do no manner of servile work, and ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days;", 29.13. "and ye shall present a burnt-offering, an offering made by fire, of a sweet savour unto the LORD: thirteen young bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year; they shall be without blemish;", 29.14. "and their meal-offering, fine flour mingled with oil, three tenth parts for every bullock of the thirteen bullocks, two tenth parts for each ram of the two rams,", 29.15. "and a several tenth part for every lamb of the fourteen lambs;", 29.16. "and one he-goat for a sin-offering beside the continual burnt-offering, the meal-offering thereof, and the drink-offering thereof.", 29.17. "And on the second day ye shall present twelve young bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year without blemish;", 29.18. "and their meal-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordice;", 29.19. "and one he-goat for a sin-offering; beside the continual burnt-offering, and the meal-offering thereof, and their drink-offerings.", 29.20. "And on the third day eleven bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year without blemish;", 29.21. "and their meal-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordice;", 29.22. "and one he-goat for a sin-offering; beside the continual burnt-offering, and the meal-offering thereof, and the drink-offering thereof.", 29.23. "And on the fourth day ten bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year without blemish;", 29.24. "their meal-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordice;", 29.25. "and one he-goat for a sin-offering; beside the continual burnt-offering, the meal-offering thereof, and the drink-offering thereof.", 29.26. "And on the fifth day nine bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year without blemish;", 29.27. "and their meal-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordice;", 29.28. "and one he-goat for a sin-offering; beside the continual burnt-offering, and the meal-offering thereof, and the drink-offering thereof.", 29.29. "And on the sixth day eight bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year without blemish;", 29.30. "and their meal-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordice;", 29.31. "and one he-goat for a sin-offering; beside the continual burnt-offering, the meal-offering thereof, and the drink-offerings thereof.", 29.32. "And on the seventh day seven bullocks, two rams, fourteen he-lambs of the first year without blemish;", 29.33. "and their meal-offering and their drink-offerings for the bullocks, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number, after the ordice;", 29.34. "and one he-goat for a sin-offering; beside the continual burnt-offering, the meal-offering thereof, and the drink-offering thereof.", |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 4.8 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 291| 4.8. "וַיֹּאמֶר קַיִן אֶל־הֶבֶל אָחִיו וַיְהִי בִּהְיוֹתָם בַּשָּׂדֶה וַיָּקָם קַיִן אֶל־הֶבֶל אָחִיו וַיַּהַרְגֵהוּ׃", | 4.8. "And Cain spoke unto Abel his brother. And it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.", |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 14.42, 23.33-23.44 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 29, 73, 74, 75, 78, 82, 101, 191, 192, 195, 196, 197, 202, 287, 303| 14.42. "וְלָקְחוּ אֲבָנִים אֲחֵרוֹת וְהֵבִיאוּ אֶל־תַּחַת הָאֲבָנִים וְעָפָר אַחֵר יִקַּח וְטָח אֶת־הַבָּיִת׃", 23.33. "וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה לֵּאמֹר׃", 23.34. "דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי הַזֶּה חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת שִׁבְעַת יָמִים לַיהֹוָה׃", 23.35. "בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ כָּל־מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ׃", 23.36. "שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תַּקְרִיבוּ אִשֶּׁה לַיהוָה בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה לָכֶם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם אִשֶּׁה לַיהוָה עֲצֶרֶת הִוא כָּל־מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ׃", 23.37. "אֵלֶּה מוֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְאוּ אֹתָם מִקְרָאֵי קֹדֶשׁ לְהַקְרִיב אִשֶּׁה לַיהוָה עֹלָה וּמִנְחָה זֶבַח וּנְסָכִים דְּבַר־יוֹם בְּיוֹמוֹ׃", 23.38. "מִלְּבַד שַׁבְּתֹת יְּהוָה וּמִלְּבַד מַתְּנוֹתֵיכֶם וּמִלְּבַד כָּל־נִדְרֵיכֶם וּמִלְּבַד כָּל־נִדְבוֹתֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר תִּתְּנוּ לַיהוָה׃", 23.39. "אַךְ בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי בְּאָסְפְּכֶם אֶת־תְּבוּאַת הָאָרֶץ תָּחֹגּוּ אֶת־חַג־יְהוָה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן שַׁבָּתוֹן וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי שַׁבָּתוֹן׃", 23.41. "וְחַגֹּתֶם אֹתוֹ חַג לַיהוָה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים בַּשָּׁנָה חֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי תָּחֹגּוּ אֹתוֹ׃", 23.42. "בַּסֻּכֹּת תֵּשְׁבוּ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים כָּל־הָאֶזְרָח בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשְׁבוּ בַּסֻּכֹּת׃", 23.43. "לְמַעַן יֵדְעוּ דֹרֹתֵיכֶם כִּי בַסֻּכּוֹת הוֹשַׁבְתִּי אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּהוֹצִיאִי אוֹתָם מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם׃", 23.44. "וַיְדַבֵּר מֹשֶׁה אֶת־מֹעֲדֵי יְהוָה אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃", | 14.42. "And they shall take other stones, and put them in the place of those stones; and he shall take other mortar, and shall plaster the house.", 23.33. "And the LORD spoke unto Moses, saying:", 23.34. "Speak unto the children of Israel, saying: On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD.", 23.35. "On the first day shall be a holy convocation; ye shall do no manner of servile work.", 23.36. "Seven days ye shall bring an offering made by fire unto the LORD; on the eighth day shall be a holy convocation unto you; and ye shall bring an offering made by fire unto the LORD; it is a day of solemn assembly; ye shall do no manner of servile work.", 23.37. "These are the appointed seasons of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to bring an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt-offering, and a meal-offering, a sacrifice, and drink-offerings, each on its own day;", 23.38. "beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill-offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.", 23.39. "Howbeit on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruits of the land, ye shall keep the feast of the LORD seven days; on the first day shall be a solemn rest, and on the eighth day shall be a solemn rest.", 23.40. "And ye shall take you on the first day the fruit of goodly trees, branches of palm-trees, and boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook, and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.", 23.41. "And ye shall keep it a feast unto the LORD seven days in the year; it is a statute for ever in your generations; ye shall keep it in the seventh month.", 23.42. "Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are home-born in Israel shall dwell in booths;", 23.43. "that your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.", 23.44. "And Moses declared unto the children of Israel the appointed seasons of the LORD.", |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Proverbs, 30.18, 30.24 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 192| 30.18. "שְׁלֹשָׁה הֵמָּה נִפְלְאוּ מִמֶּנִּי וארבע [וְאַרְבָּעָה] לֹא יְדַעְתִּים׃", 30.24. "אַרְבָּעָה הֵם קְטַנֵּי־אָרֶץ וְהֵמָּה חֲכָמִים מְחֻכָּמִים׃", | 30.18. "There are three things which are too wonderful for me, Yea, four which I know not:", 30.24. "There are four things which are little upon the earth, But they are exceeding wise:", |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 24.1, 35.10, 96.12-96.13, 102.18-102.19, 118.25 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 287, 291, 297| 24.1. "לְדָוִד מִזְמוֹר לַיהוָה הָאָרֶץ וּמְלוֹאָהּ תֵּבֵל וְיֹשְׁבֵי בָהּ׃", 24.1. "מִי הוּא זֶה מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת הוּא מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד סֶלָה׃", 96.12. "יַעֲלֹז שָׂדַי וְכָל־אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ אָז יְרַנְּנוּ כָּל־עֲצֵי־יָעַר׃", 96.13. "לִפְנֵי יְהוָה כִּי בָא כִּי בָא לִשְׁפֹּט הָאָרֶץ יִשְׁפֹּט־תֵּבֵל בְּצֶדֶק וְעַמִּים בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ׃", 102.18. "פָּנָה אֶל־תְּפִלַּת הָעַרְעָר וְלֹא־בָזָה אֶת־תְּפִלָּתָם׃", 102.19. "תִּכָּתֶב זֹאת לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן וְעַם נִבְרָא יְהַלֶּל־יָהּ׃", 118.25. "אָנָּא יְהוָה הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא אָנָּא יְהוָה הַצְלִיחָה נָּא׃", | 24.1. "A Psalm of David. The earth is the LORD’S, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein.", 35.10. "All my bones shall say: 'LORD, who is like unto Thee, Who deliverest the poor from him that is too strong for him, Yea, the poor and the needy from him that spoileth him?'", 96.12. "Let the field exult; and all that is therein; Then shall all the trees of the wood sing for joy;", 96.13. "Before the LORD, for He is come; For He is come to judge the earth; He will judge the world with righteousness, And the peoples in His faithfulness.", 102.18. "When He hath regarded the prayer of the destitute, And hath not despised their prayer.", 102.19. "This shall be written for the generation to come; And a people which shall be created shall praise the LORD.", 118.25. "We beseech Thee, O LORD, save now! We beseech Thee, O LORD, make us now to prosper!", |
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| 6. Hebrew Bible, Judges, 21 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 17 |
7. Hebrew Bible, Amos, 9.6 (8th cent. BCE - 6th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 303| 9.6. "הַבּוֹנֶה בַשָּׁמַיִם מעלותו [מַעֲלוֹתָיו] וַאֲגֻדָּתוֹ עַל־אֶרֶץ יְסָדָהּ הַקֹּרֵא לְמֵי־הַיָּם וַיִּשְׁפְּכֵם עַל־פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ יְהוָה שְׁמוֹ׃", | 9.6. "It is He that buildeth His upper chambers in the heaven, And hath founded His vault upon the earth; He that calleth for the waters of the sea, And poureth them out upon the face of the earth; The LORD is His name.", |
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8. Hebrew Bible, 1 Kings, 8.2, 12.25-12.33 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 78| 8.2. "וַיָּקֶם יְהוָה אֶת־דְּבָרוֹ אֲשֶׁר דִּבֵּר וָאָקֻם תַּחַת דָּוִד אָבִי וָאֵשֵׁב עַל־כִּסֵּא יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר יְהוָה וָאֶבְנֶה הַבַּיִת לְשֵׁם יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃", 8.2. "וַיִּקָּהֲלוּ אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹה כָּל־אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּיֶרַח הָאֵתָנִים בֶּחָג הוּא הַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי׃", 12.25. "וַיִּבֶן יָרָבְעָם אֶת־שְׁכֶם בְּהַר אֶפְרַיִם וַיֵּשֶׁב בָּהּ וַיֵּצֵא מִשָּׁם וַיִּבֶן אֶת־פְּנוּאֵל׃", 12.26. "וַיֹּאמֶר יָרָבְעָם בְּלִבּוֹ עַתָּה תָּשׁוּב הַמַּמְלָכָה לְבֵית דָּוִד׃", 12.27. "אִם־יַעֲלֶה הָעָם הַזֶּה לַעֲשׂוֹת זְבָחִים בְּבֵית־יְהוָה בִּירוּשָׁלִַם וְשָׁב לֵב הָעָם הַזֶּה אֶל־אֲדֹנֵיהֶם אֶל־רְחַבְעָם מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה וַהֲרָגֻנִי וְשָׁבוּ אֶל־רְחַבְעָם מֶלֶךְ־יְהוּדָה׃", 12.28. "וַיִּוָּעַץ הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיַּעַשׂ שְׁנֵי עֶגְלֵי זָהָב וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם רַב־לָכֶם מֵעֲלוֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַם הִנֵּה אֱלֹהֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלוּךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם׃", 12.29. "וַיָּשֶׂם אֶת־הָאֶחָד בְּבֵית־אֵל וְאֶת־הָאֶחָד נָתַן בְּדָן׃", 12.31. "וַיַּעַשׂ אֶת־בֵּית בָּמוֹת וַיַּעַשׂ כֹּהֲנִים מִקְצוֹת הָעָם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־הָיוּ מִבְּנֵי לֵוִי׃", 12.32. "וַיַּעַשׂ יָרָבְעָם חָג בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי בַּחֲמִשָּׁה־עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ כֶּחָג אֲשֶׁר בִּיהוּדָה וַיַּעַל עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ כֵּן עָשָׂה בְּבֵית־אֵל לְזַבֵּחַ לָעֲגָלִים אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה וְהֶעֱמִיד בְּבֵית אֵל אֶת־כֹּהֲנֵי הַבָּמוֹת אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה׃", 12.33. "וַיַּעַל עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה בְּבֵית־אֵל בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר יוֹם בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁמִינִי בַּחֹדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּדָא מלבד [מִלִּבּוֹ] וַיַּעַשׂ חָג לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּעַל עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לְהַקְטִיר׃", | 8.2. "And all the men of Israel assembled themselves unto king Solomon at the feast, in the month Ethanim, which is the seventh month.", 12.25. "Then Jeroboam built Shechem in the hill-country of Ephraim, and dwelt therein; and he went out from thence, and built Penuel.", 12.26. "And Jeroboam said in his heart: ‘Now will the kingdom return to the house of David.", 12.27. "If this people go up to offer sacrifices in the house of the LORD at Jerusalem, then will the heart of this people turn back unto their lord, even unto Rehoboam king of Judah; and they will kill me, and return to Rehoboam king of Judah.’", 12.28. "Whereupon the king took counsel, and made two calves of gold; and he said unto them: ‘Ye have gone up long enough to Jerusalem; behold thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.’", 12.29. "And he set the one in Beth-el, and the other put he in Dan.", 12.30. "And this thing became a sin; for the people went to worship before the one, even unto Dan.", 12.31. "And he made houses of high places, and made priests from among all the people, that were not of the sons of Levi.", 12.32. "And Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month, on the fifteenth day of the month, like unto the feast that is in Judah, and he went up unto the altar; so did he in Beth-el, to sacrifice unto the calves that he had made; and he placed in Beth-el the priests of the high places that he had made.", 12.33. "And he went up unto the altar which he had made in Beth-el on the fifteenth day in the eighth month, even in the month which he had devised of his own heart; and he ordained a feast for the children of Israel, and went up unto the altar, to offer.", |
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9. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 40.15, 41.17-41.19, 55.10-55.13 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 170, 197| 40.15. "הֵן גּוֹיִם כְּמַר מִדְּלִי וּכְשַׁחַק מֹאזְנַיִם נֶחְשָׁבוּ הֵן אִיִּים כַּדַּק יִטּוֹל׃", 41.17. "הָעֲנִיִּים וְהָאֶבְיוֹנִים מְבַקְשִׁים מַיִם וָאַיִן לְשׁוֹנָם בַּצָּמָא נָשָׁתָּה אֲנִי יְהוָה אֶעֱנֵם אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא אֶעֶזְבֵם׃", 41.18. "אֶפְתַּח עַל־שְׁפָיִים נְהָרוֹת וּבְתוֹךְ בְּקָעוֹת מַעְיָנוֹת אָשִׂים מִדְבָּר לַאֲגַם־מַיִם וְאֶרֶץ צִיָּה לְמוֹצָאֵי מָיִם׃", 41.19. "אֶתֵּן בַּמִּדְבָּר אֶרֶז שִׁטָּה וַהֲדַס וְעֵץ שָׁמֶן אָשִׂים בָּעֲרָבָה בְּרוֹשׁ תִּדְהָר וּתְאַשּׁוּר יַחְדָּו׃", 55.11. "כֵּן יִהְיֶה דְבָרִי אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא מִפִּי לֹא־יָשׁוּב אֵלַי רֵיקָם כִּי אִם־עָשָׂה אֶת־אֲשֶׁר חָפַצְתִּי וְהִצְלִיחַ אֲשֶׁר שְׁלַחְתִּיו׃", 55.12. "כִּי־בְשִׂמְחָה תֵצֵאוּ וּבְשָׁלוֹם תּוּבָלוּן הֶהָרִים וְהַגְּבָעוֹת יִפְצְחוּ לִפְנֵיכֶם רִנָּה וְכָל־עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה יִמְחֲאוּ־כָף׃", 55.13. "תַּחַת הַנַּעֲצוּץ יַעֲלֶה בְרוֹשׁ תחת [וְתַחַת] הַסִּרְפַּד יַעֲלֶה הֲדַס וְהָיָה לַיהוָה לְשֵׁם לְאוֹת עוֹלָם לֹא יִכָּרֵת׃", | 40.15. "Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, And are counted as the small dust of the balance; Behold the isles are as a mote in weight.", 41.17. "The poor and needy seek water and there is none, And their tongue faileth for thirst; I the LORD will answer them, I the God of Israel will not forsake them.", 41.18. "I will open rivers on the high hills, And fountains in the midst of the valleys; I will make the wilderness a pool of water, And the dry land springs of water.", 41.19. "I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the acacia-tree, And the myrtle, and the oil-tree; I will set in the desert the cypress, the plane-tree, and the larch together;", 55.10. "For as the rain cometh down and the snow from heaven, And returneth not thither, Except it water the earth, And make it bring forth and bud, And give seed to the sower and bread to the eater;", 55.11. "So shall My word be that goeth forth out of My mouth: It shall not return unto Me void, Except it accomplish that which I please, And make the thing whereto I sent it prosper.", 55.12. "For ye shall go out with joy, And be led forth with peace; The mountains and the hills shall break forth before you into singing, And all the trees of the field shall clap their hands.", 55.13. "Instead of the thorn shall come up the cypress, And instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle; And it shall be to the LORD for a memorial, For an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off.", |
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10. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 17.5 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 191| 17.5. "וַיִּקַּח מִזֶּרַע הָאָרֶץ וַיִּתְּנֵהוּ בִּשְׂדֵה־זָרַע קָח עַל־מַיִם רַבִּים צַפְצָפָה שָׂמוֹ׃", | 17.5. "He took also of the seed of the land, And planted it in a fruitful soil; He placed it beside many waters, He set it as a slip.", |
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11. Hebrew Bible, Ecclesiastes, 12.5 (5th cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 283| 12.5. "גַּם מִגָּבֹהַּ יִרָאוּ וְחַתְחַתִּים בַּדֶּרֶךְ וְיָנֵאץ הַשָּׁקֵד וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב וְתָפֵר הָאֲבִיּוֹנָה כִּי־הֹלֵךְ הָאָדָם אֶל־בֵּית עוֹלָמוֹ וְסָבְבוּ בָשּׁוּק הַסֹּפְדִים׃", | 12.5. "Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and terrors shall be in the way; and the almond-tree shall blossom, and the grasshopper shall drag itself along, and the caperberry shall fail; Because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets;", |
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12. Hebrew Bible, 1 Chronicles, 16.33 (5th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 291| 16.33. "אָז יְרַנְּנוּ עֲצֵי הַיָּעַר מִלִּפְנֵי יְהוָה כִּי־בָא לִשְׁפּוֹט אֶת־הָאָרֶץ׃", | 16.33. "Then shall the trees of the wood sing for joy, Before the LORD, for He is come to judge the earth.", |
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| 13. Hebrew Bible, Nehemiah, 8 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 188, 191, 192, 194 |
| 14. Hebrew Bible, Zechariah, 14 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 74 |
15. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, 13.51 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 98 | 13.51. On the twenty-third day of the second month, in the one hundred and seventy-first year, the Jews entered it with praise and palm branches, and with harps and cymbals and stringed instruments, and with hymns and songs, because a great enemy had been crushed and removed from Israel. |
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16. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 10.5-10.8 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 98 | 10.5. It happened that on the same day on which the sanctuary had been profaned by the foreigners, the purification of the sanctuary took place, that is, on the twenty-fifth day of the same month, which was Chislev.' 10.6. And they celebrated it for eight days with rejoicing, in the manner of the feast of booths, remembering how not long before, during the feast of booths, they had been wandering in the mountains and caves like wild animals.' 10.7. Therefore bearing ivy-wreathed wands and beautiful branches and also fronds of palm, they offered hymns of thanksgiving to him who had given success to the purifying of his own holy place.' 10.8. They decreed by public ordice and vote that the whole nation of the Jews should observe these days every year." |
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17. Mishnah, Menachot, 3.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 202| 3.6. "שְׁנֵי שְׂעִירֵי יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁנֵי כִבְשֵׂי עֲצֶרֶת מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁתֵּי חַלּוֹת מְעַכְּבוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. שְׁנֵי סְדָרִים מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁנֵי בְזִיכִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. הַסְּדָרִים וְהַבְּזִיכִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שְׁנֵי מִינִים שֶׁבַּנָּזִיר, שְׁלשָׁה שֶׁבַּפָּרָה, אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁבַּתּוֹדָה, אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁבַּלּוּלָב, אַרְבָּעָה שֶׁבַּמְּצֹרָע, מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. שֶׁבַע הַזָּיוֹת שֶׁבַּפָּרָה מְעַכְּבוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. שֶׁבַע הַזָּיוֹת שֶׁל בֵּין הַבַּדִּים, וְשֶׁעַל הַפָּרֹכֶת, וְשֶׁעַל מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב, מְעַכְּבוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ: \n", | 3.6. "Regarding the two goats of Yom Hakippurim, the [absence of] one invalidates the other. Regarding the two lambs of Shavuot, the [absence of] one invalidates the other. Regarding the two loaves [that accompany the lambs] the [absence of] one invalidates the other. Regarding the two rows [of the showbread] the [absence of] one invalidates the other. Regarding the two dishes [of frankincense] the [absence of] one invalidates the other. Regarding the rows and the dishes the [absence of] one invalidates the other. Regarding the: two kinds [of cakes] used in the offering of the nazirite, the three kinds used for the red cow, the four kinds [of cakes] used in the todah, the four kinds [of species] used for the lulav, and the four kinds used for the [purification of the] leper, the [absence of] one invalidates the others. Regarding the seven sprinklings [of the blood] of the red cow the [absence of] one invalidates the others. Regarding the seven sprinklings between the staves of the ark, and of those towards the veil and upon the golden altar, the [absence of] one invalidates the others.", |
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18. Mishnah, Sukkah, 3.1-3.9, 3.13-3.15, 4.2, 4.4-4.5, 4.9, 5.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 97, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202| 3.1. "לוּלָב הַגָּזוּל וְהַיָּבֵשׁ, פָּסוּל. שֶׁל אֲשֵׁרָה וְשֶׁל עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת, פָּסוּל. נִקְטַם רֹאשׁוֹ, נִפְרְצוּ עָלָיו, פָּסוּל. נִפְרְדוּ עָלָיו, כָּשֵׁר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יֶאֶגְדֶנּוּ מִלְמָעְלָה. צִנֵּי הַר הַבַּרְזֶל, כְּשֵׁרוֹת. לוּלָב שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים כְּדֵי לְנַעְנֵעַ בּוֹ, כָּשֵׁר: \n", 3.2. "הֲדַס הַגָּזוּל וְהַיָּבֵשׁ, פָּסוּל. שֶׁל אֲשֵׁרָה וְשֶׁל עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת, פָּסוּל. נִקְטַם רֹאשׁוֹ, נִפְרְצוּ עָלָיו אוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ עֲנָבָיו מְרֻבּוֹת מֵעָלָיו, פָּסוּל. וְאִם מִעֲטָן, כָּשֵׁר. וְאֵין מְמַעֲטִין בְּיוֹם טוֹב: \n", 3.3. "עֲרָבָה גְזוּלָה וִיבֵשָׁה, פְּסוּלָה. שֶׁל אֲשֵׁרָה וְשֶׁל עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת, פְּסוּלָה. נִקְטַם רֹאשָׁהּ, נִפְרְצוּ עָלֶיהָ, וְהַצַּפְצָפָה, פְּסוּלָה. כְּמוּשָׁה, וְשֶׁנָּשְׁרוּ מִקְצָת עָלֶיהָ, וְשֶׁל בַּעַל, כְּשֵׁרָה: \n", 3.4. "רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, שְׁלשָׁה הֲדַסִּים וּשְׁתֵּי עֲרָבוֹת, לוּלָב אֶחָד וְאֶתְרוֹג אֶחָד, אֲפִלּוּ שְׁנַיִם קְטוּמִים וְאֶחָד אֵינוֹ קָטוּם. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן קְטוּמִים. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁלּוּלָב אֶחָד וְאֶתְרוֹג אֶחָד, כָּךְ הֲדַס אֶחָד וַעֲרָבָה אֶחָת: \n", 3.5. "אֶתְרוֹג הַגָּזוּל וְהַיָּבֵשׁ, פָּסוּל. שֶׁל אֲשֵׁרָה וְשֶׁל עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת, פָּסוּל. שֶׁל עָרְלָה, פָּסוּל. שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה, פָּסוּל. שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה, לֹא יִטֹּל, וְאִם נָטַל, כָּשֵׁר. שֶׁל דְּמַאי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹסְלִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַכְשִׁירִין. שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, לֹא יִטֹּל, וְאִם נָטַל, כָּשֵׁר: \n", 3.6. "עָלְתָה חֲזָזִית עַל רֻבּוֹ, נִטְּלָה פִטְמָתוֹ, נִקְלַף, נִסְדַּק, נִקַּב וְחָסַר כָּל שֶׁהוּא, פָּסוּל. עָלְתָה חֲזָזִית עַל מִעוּטוֹ, נִטַּל עֻקְצוֹ, נִקַּב וְלֹא חָסַר כָּל שֶׁהוּא, כָּשֵׁר. אֶתְרוֹג הַכּוּשִׁי, פָּסוּל. וְהַיָרוֹק כְּכַרְתִי, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מַכְשִׁיר, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹסֵל: \n", 3.7. "שִׁעוּר אֶתְרוֹג הַקָּטָן, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כָּאֱגוֹז. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כַּבֵּיצָה. וּבְגָדוֹל, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֹּאחַז שְׁנַיִם בְּיָדוֹ אַחַת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד בִּשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו: \n", 3.8. "אֵין אוֹגְדִין אֶת הַלּוּלָב אֶלָּא בְמִינוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ בִמְשִׁיחָה. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, מַעֲשֶׂה בְאַנְשֵׁי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹגְדִין אֶת לוּלְבֵיהֶן בְּגִימוֹנִיּוֹת שֶׁל זָהָב. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, בְּמִינוֹ הָיוּ אוֹגְדִין אוֹתוֹ מִלְּמָטָּה: \n", 3.9. "וְהֵיכָן הָיוּ מְנַעְנְעִין, בְּהוֹדוּ לַה' תְּחִלָּה וָסוֹף, וּבְאָנָּא ה' הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא, דִּבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. וּבֵית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף בְּאָנָּא ה' הַצְלִיחָה נָא. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, צוֹפֶה הָיִיתִי בְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וּבְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שֶׁכָּל הָעָם הָיוּ מְנַעְנְעִים אֶת לוּלְבֵיהֶן, וְהֵן לֹא נִעְנְעוּ אֶלָּא בְאָנָּא ה' הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא. מִי שֶׁבָּא בַדֶּרֶךְ וְלֹא הָיָה בְיָדוֹ לוּלָב לִטֹּל, לִכְשֶׁיִּכָּנֵס לְבֵיתוֹ יִטֹּל עַל שֻׁלְחָנוֹ. לֹא נָטַל שַׁחֲרִית, יִטֹּל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם, שֶׁכָּל הַיּוֹם כָּשֵׁר לַלּוּלָב: \n", 3.13. "יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, כָּל הָעָם מוֹלִיכִין אֶת לוּלְבֵיהֶן לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת. לַמָּחֳרָת מַשְׁכִּימִין וּבָאִין, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מַכִּיר אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ, וְנוֹטְלוֹ. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, אֵין אָדָם יוֹצֵא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּיוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג בְּלוּלָבוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ. וּשְׁאָר יְמוֹת הֶחָג, אָדָם יוֹצֵא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּלוּלָבוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ: \n", 3.14. "רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, וְשָׁכַח וְהוֹצִיא אֶת הַלּוּלָב לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, פָּטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוֹצִיאוֹ בִרְשׁוּת: \n", 3.15. "מְקַבֶּלֶת אִשָּׁה מִיַּד בְּנָהּ וּמִיַּד בַּעְלָהּ וּמַחֲזִירָתוֹ לַמַּיִם בְּשַׁבָּת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בְּשַׁבָּת מַחֲזִירִין, בְּיוֹם טוֹב מוֹסִיפִין, וּבַמּוֹעֵד מַחֲלִיפִין. קָטָן הַיּוֹדֵעַ לְנַעְנֵעַ, חַיָּב בַּלּוּלָב: \n" 4.2. "לוּלָב שִׁבְעָה כֵּיצַד, יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, לוּלָב שִׁבְעָה, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַיָּמִים, שִׁשָּׁה: \n", 4.4. "מִצְוַת לוּלָב כֵּיצַד. יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חָג שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, מוֹלִיכִין אֶת לוּלְבֵיהֶן לְהַר הַבַּיִת, וְהַחַזָּנִין מְקַבְּלִין מֵהֶן וְסוֹדְרִין אוֹתָן עַל גַּב הָאִצְטַבָּא, וְהַזְּקֵנִים מַנִּיחִין אֶת שֶׁלָּהֶן בַּלִּשְׁכָּה. וּמְלַמְּדִים אוֹתָם לוֹמַר, כָּל מִי שֶׁמַּגִּיעַ לוּלָבִי בְיָדוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא לוֹ בְמַתָּנָה. לְמָחָר מַשְׁכִּימִין וּבָאִין, וְהַחַזָּנִין זוֹרְקִין אוֹתָם לִפְנֵיהֶם. וְהֵן מְחַטְּפִין וּמַכִּין אִישׁ אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ. וּכְשֶׁרָאוּ בֵית דִּין שֶׁבָּאוּ לִידֵי סַכָּנָה, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא כָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד נוֹטֵל בְּבֵיתוֹ: \n", 4.5. "מִצְוַת עֲרָבָה כֵּיצַד, מָקוֹם הָיָה לְמַטָּה מִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְנִקְרָא מוֹצָא. יוֹרְדִין לְשָׁם וּמְלַקְּטִין מִשָּׁם מֻרְבִּיּוֹת שֶׁל עֲרָבָה, וּבָאִין וְזוֹקְפִין אוֹתָן בְּצִדֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְרָאשֵׁיהֶן כְּפוּפִין עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. תָּקְעוּ וְהֵרִיעוּ וְתָקָעוּ. בְּכָל יוֹם מַקִּיפִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ פַּעַם אַחַת, וְאוֹמְרִים, אָנָּא ה' הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא, אָנָּא ה' הַצְלִיחָה נָּא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֲנִי וָהוֹ הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא. וְאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם מַקִּיפִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים. בִּשְׁעַת פְּטִירָתָן, מָה הֵן אוֹמְרִים, יֹפִי לְךָ מִזְבֵּחַ, יֹפִי לְךָ מִזְבֵּחַ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לְיָהּ וּלְךָ, מִזְבֵּחַ. לְיָהּ וּלְךָ, מִזְבֵּחַ: \n", 4.9. "נִסּוּךְ הַמַּיִם כֵּיצַד. צְלוֹחִית שֶׁל זָהָב מַחֲזֶקֶת שְׁלשֶׁת לֻגִּים הָיָה מְמַלֵּא מִן הַשִּׁלּוֹחַ. הִגִּיעוּ לְשַׁעַר הַמַּיִם, תָּקְעוּ וְהֵרִיעוּ וְתָקָעוּ. עָלָה בַכֶּבֶשׁ וּפָנָה לִשְׂמֹאלוֹ, שְׁנֵי סְפָלִים שֶׁל כֶּסֶף הָיוּ שָׁם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁל סִיד הָיוּ, אֶלָּא שֶׁהָיוּ מֻשְׁחָרִין פְּנֵיהֶם מִפְּנֵי הַיָּיִן. וּמְנֻקָּבִין כְּמִין שְׁנֵי חֳטָמִין דַּקִּין, אֶחָד מְעֻבֶּה וְאֶחָד דַּק, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם כָּלִין בְּבַת אַחַת. מַעֲרָבִי שֶׁל מַיִם, מִזְרָחִי שֶׁל יָיִן. עֵרָה שֶׁל מַיִם לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל יַיִן, וְשֶׁל יַיִן לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל מַיִם, יָצָא. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בְּלֹג הָיָה מְנַסֵּךְ כָּל שְׁמֹנָה. וְלַמְנַסֵּךְ אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, הַגְבַּהּ יָדֶךָ, שֶׁפַּעַם אַחַת נִסֵּךְ אֶחָד עַל גַּבֵּי רַגְלָיו, וּרְגָמוּהוּ כָל הָעָם בְּאֶתְרוֹגֵיהֶן: \n", 5.5. "אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת תְּקִיעוֹת בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְאֵין מוֹסִיפִין עַל אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה. בְּכָל יוֹם הָיוּ שָׁם עֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת תְּקִיעוֹת בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, שָׁלשׁ לִפְתִיחַת שְׁעָרִים, וְתֵשַׁע לְתָמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר, וְתֵשַׁע לְתָמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם. וּבַמּוּסָפִין הָיוּ מוֹסִיפִין עוֹד תֵּשַׁע. וּבְעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת הָיוּ מוֹסִיפִין עוֹד שֵׁשׁ, שָׁלשׁ לְהַבְטִיל הָעָם מִמְּלָאכָה, וְשָׁלשׁ לְהַבְדִּיל בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ לְחֹל. עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הֶחָג הָיוּ שָׁם אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה, שָׁלשׁ לִפְתִיחַת שְׁעָרִים, שָׁלשׁ לַשַּׁעַר הָעֶלְיוֹן, וְשָׁלשׁ לַשַּׁעַר הַתַּחְתּוֹן, וְשָׁלשׁ לְמִלּוּי הַמַּיִם, וְשָׁלשׁ עַל גַּבֵּי מִזְבֵּחַ, תֵּשַׁע לְתָמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר, וְתֵשַׁע לְתָמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם, וְתֵשַׁע לַמּוּסָפִין, שָׁלשׁ לְהַבְטִיל אֶת הָעָם מִן הַמְּלָאכָה, וְשָׁלשׁ לְהַבְדִּיל בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ לְחֹל: \n", | 3.1. "A stolen or a dried up lulav is invalid. One [that came] from an asherah tree or from a condemned city is invalid. If its top was broken off or its leaves were detached, it is invalid. If its leaves are spread apart it is valid. Rabbi Judah says he should tie it at the top. The thorny palms of the iron mountain are valid. A lulav which is three handbreadths in length, long enough to wave, is valid.", 3.2. "A stolen or withered hadas is invalid. One [that came from] an asherah or a condemned city is invalid. If its tip was broken off, or its leaves were detached, or its berries were more numerous than its leaves, it is invalid. But if he diminished them it is valid. But many not diminish them on the festival.", 3.3. "A stolen or withered aravah is invalid. One [take from an] asherah or from a condemned city is invalid. One whose tip was broken off or whose leaves were detached, or a tzatzefah is invalid. One that was shriveled or had lost some of its leaves, or one grown in a rain-watered soil, is valid.", 3.4. "Rabbi Ishmael says: three hadasim, two aravot, one lulav and one etrog, even if two [of the hadasim] have their tips broken off and [only] one is whole. Rabbi Tarfon says: even if all three have their tips broken off. Rabbi Akiva says: just as there is one lulav and one etrog, so too only one hadas and one aravah.", 3.5. "An etrog which is stolen or withered is invalid. One from an asherah or a condemned city is invalid. of orlah or of unclean terumah it is invalid. of clean terumah, he should not take it, but if he did take it, it is valid. of demai (doubtfully-tithed): Bet Shammai says it invalid, And Bet Hillel says it valid. of second tithe, it should not be taken [even] in Jerusalem, but if he took it, it is valid.", 3.6. "If a rash spread out on a majority of it, or if its pitom is removed, if it is peeled, split, or perforated so that any part is missing, it is invalid. If a rash spread out on a lesser part of it, if its stem was missing, or if it is perforated but no part of it is missing, it is valid. An etrog [which is black] as an Ethiopian is invalid. An etrog which is green as a leek: Rabbi Meir declares it valid And Rabbi Judah declares it invalid.", 3.7. "The minimum size of an etrog: Rabbi Meir says: the size of a nut. Rabbi Judah says: the size of an egg. The maximum [size] is such that two can be held in one hand, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Yose says, even one that can only be held with his two hands.", 3.8. "They may not bind the lulav except with [strands of] its own species, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: it may be bound even with a cord. Rabbi Meir said: it happened that the men of Jerusalem used to bind their lulavs with strands of gold. They answered him: but they bound it with [strands of] its own species underneath [the strands of gold].", 3.9. "And where [in the service] do they wave [the lulav]? At “Give thanks to the Lord” (Psalm, at the beginning and at the end, and at “O Lord, deliver us” (118:25), the words of Bet Hillel. Bet Shammai say: also at “O Lord, let us prosper.” Rabbi Akiva says: I was watching Rabban Gamaliel and Rabbi Joshua, and while all the people were waving their lulavs [at “O Lord, let us prosper”] they waved them only at “O Lord deliver us.” One who was on a journey and had no lulav to take, when he enters his house he should take it [even if he is] at his table. If he did not take the lulav in the morning, he should take it at any time before dusk, since the whole day is valid for [taking] the lulav.", 3.13. "If the first day of the festival falls on Shabbat, all the people bring their lulavim to the synagogue [on Friday]. The next day they arise early [and come to the synagogue] and each one recognizes his own [lulav] and takes it, since the sages said “one cannot fulfill his obligation on the first day of the festival with his friend’s lulav.” But on the other days of the festival one may fulfill his obligation with the lulav of his fellow.", 3.14. "Rabbi Yose says: if the first day of the festival fell on Shabbat, and he forgot and carried out his lulav into the public domain, he is not liable, since he brought it out while under the influence [of a religious act].", 3.15. "A woman may receive [a lulav] from her son or from her husband and put it back in water on Shabbat. Rabbi Judah says: on Shabbat they may be put it back [into the water in which they were previously kept], on a festival day [water] may be added, and on the intermediate days [of the festival the water] may also be changed. A minor who knows how to shake [the lulav] is obligated [to take] the lulav." 4.2. "“The lulav for seven.” How so? If the first day of the festival fell on Shabbat, the lulav [is taken for] seven days; on any other day, [it is taken] for six.", 4.4. "The mitzvah of the lulav how was it carried out? If the first day of the festival fell on Shabbat, they brought their lulavim to the Temple Mount, and the attendants would receive them and arrange them on top of the portico, and the elders laid theirs in the chamber. And they would teach the people to say, “Whoever gets my lulav in his hand, let it be his as a gift.” The next day they got up early, and came [to the Temple Mount] and the attendants threw down [their lulavim] before them, and they snatched at them, and so they used to come to blows with one another. When the court saw that they reached a state of danger, they instituted that each man should take [his lulav] in his own home.", 4.5. "The mitzvah of the aravah how was it [performed]?There was a place below Jerusalem called Moza. They went down there and gathered tall branches of aravot and then they came and stood them up at the sides of the altar, and their tops were bent over the altar. They then sounded a teki’ah [long blast], a teru’ah [staccato blast] and again a teki’ah. Every day they went round the altar once, saying, “O Lord, save us, O Lord, make us prosper” (Psalms 118:. Rabbi Judah says: “Ani vaho, save us.” On that day they went round the altar seven times. When they departed, what did they say? “O altar, beauty is to you! O altar, beauty is to you!” Rabbi Eliezer said: [they would say,] “To the Lord and to you, O altar, to the Lord and to you, O altar.”", 4.9. "How was the water libation [performed]? A golden flask holding three logs was filled from the Shiloah. When they arrived at the water gate, they sounded a teki'ah [long blast], a teru'ah [a staccato note] and again a teki'ah. [The priest then] went up the ascent [of the altar] and turned to his left where there were two silver bowls. Rabbi Judah says: they were of plaster [but they looked silver] because their surfaces were darkened from the wine. They had each a hole like a slender snout, one being wide and the other narrow so that both emptied at the same time. The one on the west was for water and the one on the east for wine. If he poured the flask of water into the bowl for wine, or that of wine into that for water, he has fulfilled his obligation. Rabbi Judah says: with one log he performed the ceremony of the water-libation all eight days. To [the priest] who performed the libation they used to say, “Raise your hand”, for one time, a certain man poured out the water over his feet, and all the people pelted him with their etrogs.", 5.5. "They never have less than twenty-one blasts in the Temple, and never more than forty-eight. Every day there were twenty-one blasts in the Temple, three at the opening of the gates, nine at the morning tamid sacrifice, and nine at the evening tamid sacrifice. At the musafim (additional sacrifices) they would add another nine. And on the eve of Shabbat they would add another six, three as a sign to the people to stop working and three to mark a distinction between the holy and the profane. On the eve of Shabbat in the intermediate days of the [Sukkoth] festival, there were [therefore] forty-eight blasts: three at the opening of the gates, three at the upper gate, three at the lower gate, three at the water-drawing, three at the altar, nine at the daily morning sacrifice, nine at the daily evening sacrifice, nine at the additional sacrifices, three as a sign to the people to cease from work, and three to mark a distinction between the holy and the profane.", |
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19. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 3.244-3.247, 13.372 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 75, 82, 196 | 3.244. 4. Upon the fifteenth day of the same month, when the season of the year is changing for winter, the law enjoins us to pitch tabernacles in every one of our houses, so that we preserve ourselves from the cold of that time of the year; 3.245. as also that when we should arrive at our own country, and come to that city which we should have then for our metropolis, because of the temple therein to be built, and keep a festival for eight days, and offer burnt-offerings, and sacrifice thank-offerings, that we should then carry in our hands a branch of myrtle, and willow, and a bough of the palm-tree, with the addition of the pome citron: 3.246. That the burnt-offering on the first of those days was to be a sacrifice of thirteen bulls, and fourteen lambs, and fifteen rams, with the addition of a kid of the goats, as an expiation for sins; and on the following days the same number of lambs, and of rams, with the kids of the goats; but abating one of the bulls every day till they amounted to seven only. 3.247. On the eighth day all work was laid aside, and then, as we said before, they sacrificed to God a bullock, a ram, and seven lambs, with a kid of the goats, for an expiation of sins. And this is the accustomed solemnity of the Hebrews, when they pitch their tabernacles. 13.372. 5. As to Alexander, his own people were seditious against him; for at a festival which was then celebrated, when he stood upon the altar, and was going to sacrifice, the nation rose upon him, and pelted him with citrons [which they then had in their hands, because] the law of the Jews required that at the feast of tabernacles every one should have branches of the palm tree and citron tree; which thing we have elsewhere related. They also reviled him, as derived from a captive, and so unworthy of his dignity and of sacrificing. |
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20. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, 1.88 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 82 | 1.88. 3. But when he had made slaves of the citizens of all these cities, the nation of the Jews made an insurrection against him at a festival; for at those feasts seditions are generally begun; and it looked as if he should not be able to escape the plot they had laid for him, had not his foreign auxiliaries, the Pisidians and Cilicians, assisted him; for as to the Syrians, he never admitted them among his mercenary troops, on account of their innate enmity against the Jewish nation. |
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| 21. New Testament, John, 7 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 74 |
22. Mishnah, Shabbat, 1.1 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 197| 1.1. "יְצִיאוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע בִּפְנִים, וּשְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע בַּחוּץ. כֵּיצַד. הֶעָנִי עוֹמֵד בַּחוּץ וּבַעַל הַבַּיִת בִּפְנִים, פָּשַׁט הֶעָנִי אֶת יָדוֹ לִפְנִים וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, אוֹ שֶׁנָּטַל מִתּוֹכָהּ וְהוֹצִיא, הֶעָנִי חַיָּב וּבַעַל הַבַּיִת פָּטוּר. פָּשַׁט בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אֶת יָדוֹ לַחוּץ וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ שֶׁל עָנִי, אוֹ שֶׁנָּטַל מִתּוֹכָהּ וְהִכְנִיס, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת חַיָּב וְהֶעָנִי פָּטוּר. פָּשַׁט הֶעָנִי אֶת יָדוֹ לִפְנִים וְנָטַל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מִתּוֹכָהּ, אוֹ שֶׁנָּתַן לְתוֹכָהּ וְהוֹצִיא, שְׁנֵיהֶם פְּטוּרִין. פָּשַׁט בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אֶת יָדוֹ לַחוּץ וְנָטַל הֶעָנִי מִתּוֹכָהּ, אוֹ שֶׁנָּתַן לְתוֹכָהּ וְהִכְנִיס, שְׁנֵיהֶם פְּטוּרִין: \n", | 1.1. "The carryings out of Shabbat are two which are four from the inside, and two which are four from the outside. How is this so? The poor man stands outside and the householder stands inside:If the poor man reaches his hand inside and places [something] into the hand of the householder, or if he takes [something] from it and carries it out, the poor man is liable, and the householder is exempt. If the householder reaches his hand outside and places [an object] in the poor man's hand, or takes [something] and carries it in, the master is liable, while the poor man is exempt. If the poor man reaches his hand inside and the master takes [an object] from it, or places [an object] in it and he carries it out, both are exempt; If the householder stretches his hand outside and the poor man takes [an object] from it, or places [an article] in it and he carries it inside, both are exempt.", |
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23. Mishnah, Bava Metzia, 1.1 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 197| 1.1. "שְׁנַיִם אוֹחֲזִין בְּטַלִּית, זֶה אוֹמֵר אֲנִי מְצָאתִיהָ וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אֲנִי מְצָאתִיהָ, זֶה אוֹמֵר כֻּלָּהּ שֶׁלִּי וְזֶה אוֹמֵר כֻּלָּהּ שֶׁלִּי, זֶה יִשָּׁבַע שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בָהּ פָּחוֹת מֵחֶצְיָהּ, וְזֶה יִשָּׁבַע שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בָהּ פָּחוֹת מֵחֶצְיָהּ, וְיַחֲלֹקוּ. זֶה אוֹמֵר כֻּלָּהּ שֶׁלִּי וְזֶה אוֹמֵר חֶצְיָהּ שֶׁלִּי, הָאוֹמֵר כֻּלָּהּ שֶׁלִּי, יִשָּׁבַע שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בָהּ פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלשָׁה חֲלָקִים, וְהָאוֹמֵר חֶצְיָהּ שֶׁלִּי, יִשָּׁבַע שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בָהּ פָּחוֹת מֵרְבִיעַ. זֶה נוֹטֵל שְׁלשָׁה חֲלָקִים, וְזֶה נוֹטֵל רְבִיעַ: \n", | 1.1. "If two people are grasping a cloak: One says, “I found it” and the other says, “I found it”, or one says “It’s all mine”, and the other says, “It’s all mine”, they each swear that they don’t own more than half of the cloak and they split the cloak. one says, “It’s all mine” and the other says, “It’s half mine”, the one who says, “It’s all mine” swears that he doesn’t own less than ¾ and the one who says “It’s half mine” swears that he doesn’t own less than ¼, and the former takes ¾ and the latter takes ¼.", |
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24. Tosefta, Berachot, 3.19 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 197| 3.19. "היה משכים לצאת לדרך נוטל שופר ותוקע לולב ומנענע מגילה וקורא בהן [ומתפלל] ולכשיגיע זמן קריאת שמע קורא וכן מי שהיה משכים לישב בקרון או בספינה מביאין לו לולב ומנענע מגילה וקורא בה ולכשיגיע זמן ק\"ש קורא רשב\"א אומר בין כך ובין כך קורא ק\"ש ומתפלל.", | |
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| 25. Ps.-Philo, Biblical Antiquities, 13.7 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 73 |
26. Tosefta, Hagigah, 1.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 197| 1.2. "יוחנן בן דהבאי אומר משום ר' יהודה אף הסומא [שנאמר יראה פרט לסומא השיב רבי על דברי יוחנן בן דהבאי הכריעו חכמים לסייע דברי רבי יהודה] (שמואל א א׳:כ״ב) וחנה לא עלתה כי אמרה לאשה עד יגמל וגו'.", | |
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27. Tosefta, Sukkah, 2.7-2.11 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 191, 193, 199, 200, 201, 202| 2.7. "בזמן שהמאורות לוקין סימן רע לעולם משל למלך בשר ודם שבנה פלטרין ושכללם והתקין [בהם את הסעודה ואחר כך הכניס את האורחין כעס עליהן אמר לשמש טול את הנר מלפניהם] ונמצאו כולן יושבין בחשיכה היה ר\"מ אומר בזמן שהמאורות לוקין סימן רע לשונאיהם של ישראל משל לסופר שנכנס לבית הספר ואמר הביאו לי רצועה מי הוא דואג מי שלמוד להיות לוקה בזמן שהחמה לוקה סימן רע לעכו\"ם לבנה לוקה סימן רע לשונאיהם של ישראל שהעכו\"ם מונין לחמה [וישראל מונין ללבנה] בזמן שלוקה במזרח סימן רע ליושבי מזרח במערב סימן רע ליושבי מערב באמצע סימן רע לכל העולם בזמן שנהפכו [זיויה] כמין דם פורענות של חרב בא לעולם [פורענות של דבר ושל] רעב בא לעולם [בזמן שלקו בכניסתן פורענות שוהה לבא ביציאתן פורענות ממהרת לבא] וי\"א חלוף הדברים [אין] לך כל אומה ואומה שלוקה שאין אלוה שלה לוקין שנא' ובכל אלהי מצרים וגו' בזמן שישראל עסוקין בתורה אין דואגין מכל שנאמר (ירמיהו י׳:ב׳) כה אמר ה' אל דרך הגוים אל תלמדו וגו'.", 2.8. "[לולב העשוי כמין חרות או שנפרצו רוב עליו פסול ערבה] של בעל ושל הרים [כשרה] א\"כ למה נאמר (ויקרא כ״ג:מ׳) ערבי נחל פרט [לצפצף].", 2.9. "[איזהו צפצף העשוי כמין מסר איזו היא ערבה כשרה] קנה שלה אדום ועלה [ארוך איזו היא ערבה פסולה] קנה שלה לבן ועלה שלה עגול הדס וערבה שנקטמו תמרות [העולות מתוכן] כשירות [שיעור הדס וערבה שלשה טפחים ולולב ד' טפחים רבי טרפון אומר באמה של חמשה טפחים].", 2.11. "לולב בין אגוד בין שאינו אגוד כשר ר' יהודה אומר אגוד כשר ושאינו אגוד פסול לא יאגדנו ביו\"ט אבל נוטל הימנו שרביט ואוגדו אין אוגדין את הלולב אלא במינו דברי רבי יהודה רבי מאיר אומר אפילו במשיחה א\"ר [מעשה באנשי] ירושלים שהיו אוגדין [לולביהן בגימונות] של זהב אמרו לו [משם ראיה אף הן] היו אוגדין אותו [במינו] מלמטה.", | 2.7. "When the luminaries are eclipsed it is a bad omen to the whole world. What is this to be compared to? To a king who made a feast and notified the wayfarers; he was angry with them, and bade the steward remove the lamp from before them, so that they were all sitting in darkness. Rabbi Meir says: When the luminaries are eclipsed it is an ill omen to the enemies of Israel. What is this to be compared to? To a teacher who went to a secondary school, and said, \"Bring me a strap.\" Who is more afraid? The child who is accustomed to being beaten. When the sun is eclipsed it is a bad omen to the nations of the world; when the moon is eclipsed it is a bad omen to the nations of the world, but a good omen to Israel; for the Gentiles reckon time from the sun, but Israel reckons time from the moon; when it is eclipsed in the east, it is a bad omen to the dwellers in the east; when in the west, it is a bad omen to the dwellers in the west; when in the center, it is a bad omen to the whole world. When the sun and the moon are turned as it were to blood, punishment by the sword comes on the world, punishment by pestilence and by famine. When they are eclipsed at the time of their rising punishment tarries in coming; when at the time of their setting punishment hastens to come; but there are those who say just the reverse of this. There is no nation punished whose gods are not punished with it, as it is said, \"And against all the gods of Egypt, etc.\" When Israel is busied in the study of Torah it is not troubled by these things, for it is said, \"Thus said God, Learn not the way of the nations, etc.\" [Jerimiah 10]", 2.8. "A palm-branch which is dried up, or whose top is broken, is not valid. A willow of a naturally watered field, or a mountain willow, is valid. If this is so, why is it said, \"Willows of the brook?\" [Leviticus 23] To exclude the tsaphtsaph. ", 2.9. "What is the tsaphtsaph? It has leaves serrated like a saw, and such a willow is not valid ; its stem is white and its leaf rounded. A myrtle and a willow which have been lopped, and palms coming out between them, are valid. The size of a myrtle and a willow must be three handbreadths, that of a palm-branch four. Rabbi Tarphon says: In a cubit there are five handbreadths. As for these four kinds of plants, just as nothing must be taken away from them so must nothing be added to them.", 2.10. "If one does not have a citron, he must not take in his hand a quince, or any other fruit. Withered fruits are valid, but dried ones are not valid. Rabbi Yehudah, however, says that even dried-up ones are valid. And again he says: There is a story of the men of Carbin that they used to transmit their lulavs in the time of persecution. They said to him, The time of persecution is no proof.", 2.11. "A lulav, whether bound or not bound is valid. Rabbi Yehudah says, \"One bound is valid, but one not bound is not valid.\" One must not tie it together on the day of the festival; but one can draw out a twig from it, and bind it. \"They do not bind the lulav but with its own kind\" - the words of Rabbi Yehudah. Rabbi Meir says, \"It may be tied even with a cord.\" He also says, \"There is a story of the men of Jerusalem, that they were binding their lulavs with gold bands.\" They said to him, \"Do you seek a proof from this?\" The fact is, they were binding them with their own kind beneath the gold bands!", |
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| 28. Palestinian Talmud, Taanit, 1.1 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 170 |
| 29. Palestinian Talmud, Sukkah, 3.1-3.3, 3.5-3.6, 3.12-3.13 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 170, 191, 192, 193, 194, 200, 201, 202 |
| 30. Palestinian Talmud, Sotah, 7.4 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 283 |
| 31. Palestinian Talmud, Gittin, 2.3 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 194 |
| 32. Palestinian Talmud, Avodah Zarah, 2.3 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 194 |
33. Anon., Genesis Rabba, 15.7, 18.1, 65.6-65.9, 97.1 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 97, 192, 197, 283| 15.7. מָה הָיָה אוֹתוֹ הָאִילָן שֶׁאָכַל מִמֶּנּוּ אָדָם וְחַוָּה, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר חִטִּים הָיוּ, כַּד לָא הֲוָה בַּר נָשׁ דֵּעָה אִינּוּן אָמְרִין לָא אֲכַל הַהוּא אִינְשָׁא פִּתָּא דְּחִטֵּי מִן יוֹמוֹי. רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַבִּי יִצְחָק בָּעֵי קַמֵּי רַבִּי זְעֵירָא אֲמַר לֵיהּ אֶפְשָׁר חִטִּים הָיוּ, אָמַר לוֹ הֵן. אֲמַר לֵיהּ וְהָכְתִיב עֵץ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ מְתַמְּרוֹת הָיוּ כְּאַרְזֵי לְבָנוֹן. אָמַר רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אַחָא אִתְפַּלְּגוּן רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה וְרַבָּנָן, רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אָמַר הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁכְּבָר הוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי מוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לְהוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים עב, טז): יְהִי פִסַּת בַּר בָּאָרֶץ. לֶפֶת, תְּרֵין אָמוֹרָאִין פְּלִיגֵי, רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר יִצְחָק וְרַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר אַמֵּי, חַד אָמַר לֶפֶת לֹא פַּת הָיְתָה, וְחוֹרָנָה אָמַר לֶפֶת לֹא פַּת הִיא עֲתִידָה לִהְיוֹת. רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בָּרֵיךְ קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי זֵירָא הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ וְקַלְסֵיהּ, כְּרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה, אֶתְמְהָא. אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹא לְעָרֵב אֶת הָאוֹתִיּוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר אִלְעָאי אָמַר, עֲנָבִים הָיוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לב, לב לג): עֲנָבֵמוֹ עִנְבֵי רוֹשׁ אַשְׁכְּלֹת מְרֹרֹת לָמוֹ, אוֹתָן הָאֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת הֵבִיאוּ מְרוֹרוֹת לָעוֹלָם. רַבִּי אַבָּא דְּעַכּוֹ אָמַר אֶתְרוֹג הָיָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִיב (בראשית ג, ו): וַתֵּרֶא הָאִשָּׁה כִּי טוֹב הָעֵץ וגו', אֲמַרְתְּ צֵא וּרְאֵה אֵיזֶהוּ אִילָן שֶׁעֵצוֹ נֶאֱכָל כְּפִרְיוֹ, וְאֵין אַתָּה מוֹצֵא אֶלָּא אֶתְרוֹג. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר תְּאֵנִים הָיוּ, דָּבָר לָמֵד מֵעִנְיָנוֹ, מָשָׁל לְבֶן שָׂרִים שֶׁקִּלְקֵל עִם אַחַת מִן הַשְּׁפָחוֹת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁשָּׁמַע הַשַֹּׂר טְרָדוֹ וְהוֹצִיאוֹ חוּץ לַפָּלָטִין, וְהָיָה מְחַזֵּר עַל פִּתְחֵיהֶן שֶׁל שְׁפָחוֹת וְלֹא הָיוּ מְקַבְּלוֹת אוֹתוֹ, אֲבָל אוֹתָהּ שֶׁקִּלְקְלָה עִמּוֹ פָּתְחָה דְלָתֶיהָ וְקִבִּלַתּוֹ. כָּךְ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָכַל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן מֵאוֹתוֹ הָאִילָן, טְרָדוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְהוֹצִיאוֹ חוּץ לְגַן עֵדֶן, וְהָיָה מְחַזֵּר עַל כָּל אִילָנוֹת וְלֹא הָיוּ מְקַבְּלִין אוֹתוֹ, וּמַה הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה הָא גַּנָּב דְּגָנַב דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּבָרְיֵהּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים לו, יב): אַל תְּבוֹאֵנִי רֶגֶל גַּאֲוָה, רֶגֶל שֶׁנִּתְגָּאֶה עַל בּוֹרְאוֹ, (תהלים לו, יב): וְיַד רְשָׁעִים אַל תְּנִדֵנִי, לָא תִיסַב מִמֶּנִּי עָלֶה. אֲבָל תְּאֵנָה שֶׁאָכַל מִפֵּרוֹתֶיהָ, פָּתְחָה דְּלָתֶיהָ וְקִבְּלַתּוֹ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (בראשית ג, ז): וַיִּתְפְּרוּ עֲלֵה תְאֵנָה, מָה הָיְתָה אוֹתָהּ הַתְּאֵנָה, רַבִּי אָבִין אָמַר בְּרַת שֶׁבַע דְּאַמְטְיַת שִׁבְעַת יְמֵי אֶבְלָא לְעָלְמָא. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּסִכְנִין בְּשֵׁם ר"א אָמַר בְּרַת אֱלִיתָא, דְּאַמְטְיַת אֱלִיתָא לְעָלְמָא. רַבִּי עֲזַרְיָה וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אָמַר, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם לֹא גִּלָּה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אוֹתוֹ אִילָן לְאָדָם, וְלֹא עָתִיד לְגַלּוֹתוֹ. רְאֵה מַה כְּתִיב (ויקרא כ, טז): וְאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר תִּקְרַב אֶל כָּל בְּהֵמָה וגו', אִם אָדָם חָטָא בְּהֵמָה מַה חָטָאת, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹא תְהֵא בְּהֵמָה עוֹבֶרֶת בַּשּׁוּק וְיֹאמְרוּ זוֹ הִיא הַבְּהֵמָה שֶׁנִּסְקַל פְּלוֹנִי עַל יָדָהּ, וְאִם עַל כְּבוֹד תּוֹלְדוֹתָיו חָס הַמָּקוֹם, עַל כְּבוֹדוֹ עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, אֶתְמְהָא. 18.1. וַיִּבֶן ה' אֱלֹהִים אֶת הַצֵּלָע, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן זִמְרָא אָמַר נִתַּן בָּהּ בִּינָה יוֹתֵר מִן הָאִישׁ, דְּתָנִינָן בַּת י"א שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד נְדָרֶיהָ נִבְדָּקִין, בַּת י"ב שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד נְדָרֶיהָ קַיָּימִין וּבוֹדְקִין כָּל י"ב, אֲבָל לְזָכָר בֶּן י"ב שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד נְדָרָיו נִבְדָקִין, בֶּן י"ג נְדָרָיו קַיָּימִין וּבוֹדְקִין כָּל י"ג. רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק אָמַר אִית דִּמְחַלְּפִין, דַּרְכָּהּ שֶׁל אִשָּׁה לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֶׁבֶת בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתָהּ וְדַרְכּוֹ שֶׁל אִישׁ לִהְיוֹת יוֹצֵא לַשּׁוּק וְלָמֵד בִּינָה מִבְּנֵי אָדָם. רַבִּי אַיְבוּ וְאַמְרֵי לָהּ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי בְּנָיָיה וְהוּא תָּנֵי לָהּ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי, קִשְׁטָהּ כַּכַּלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ הֱבִיאָהּ לוֹ. אִית אַתְרִין דְּקָרְיָין לְקַלְעִיתָא בִּנְיָתָא. אָמַר רַבִּי חָמָא בַּר חֲנִינָא אַתְּ סָבוּר שֶׁמִּתַּחַת חָרוּב אֶחָד אוֹ שִׁקְמָה אַחַת הֱבִיאָהּ לוֹ, אֶלָּא מִשֶּׁקִּשְׁטָהּ בְּכ"ד מִינֵי תַּכְשִׁיטִין אַחַר כָּךְ הֱבִיאָהּ לוֹ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (יחזקאל כח, יג): בְּעֵדֶן גַּן אֱלֹהִים הָיִיתָ כָּל אֶבֶן יְקָרָה מְסֻכָתֶךָ אֹדֶם פִּטְדָה וגו'. רַבָּנָן וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ, רַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי עֶשֶׂר, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אָמַר י"א. רַבִּי חָמָא בַּר חֲנִינָא וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ תַּרְוֵיהוֹן אָמְרִין כְּלַל וּפְרַט, עָשָׂה אֶת הַכְּלַל מוֹסֶפֶת לַפְּרַט וְהַכֹּל בִּכְלַל, כָּל אֶבֶן יְקָרָה מְסֻכָתֶךָ כְּלַל, אֹדֶם פִּטְדָה וְיָהֲלֹם תַּרְשִׁישׁ וגו' פְּרַט, הַכֹּל בִּכְלַל. כָּל אֶבֶן יְקָרָה מְסֻכָתֶךָ, רַבִּי לֵוִי וְרַבִּי סִימוֹן, חַד אָמַר ט' וְחַד אָמַר י', מַאן דְּאָמַר עֶשֶׂר, כְּרַבָּנָן, וּמַאן דְּאָמַר ט' הָדֵין דְּהַב דְּהָכָא לֵית הוּא חֻפָּה. רַבִּי אַחָא בַּר חֲנִינָא אָמַר עָשָׂה כְּתָלִים שֶׁל זָהָב, וּבָתֵּי קְרָיוֹת שֶׁל אֲבָנִים טוֹבוֹת וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר בִּיסְנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אַחָא אָמַר אֲפִלּוּ קוֹרְקוּסִים שֶׁל זָהָב עָשָׂה לוֹ. 65.6. מַצְדִּיק רָשָׁע וּמַרְשִׁיעַ צַדִּיק תּוֹעֲבַת ה' גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם (משלי יז, טו), אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי לֹא מִמַּה שֶּׁהָיְתָה רִבְקָה אוֹהֶבֶת אֶת יַעֲקֹב יוֹתֵר מֵעֵשָׂו עָשְׂתָה אֶת הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה, אֶלָא אָמְרָה לָא יֵעוֹל וְיִטְעֵי בְּהַהוּא סָבָא, עַל שֵׁם תּוֹעֲבַת ה' גַּם שְׁנֵיהֶם, וְעַל יְדֵי שֶׁהִצְדִּיק אֶת הָרָשָׁע כָּהוּ עֵינָיו, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק וַתִּכְהֶיןָ עֵינָיו. 65.7. רַבִּי יִצְחָק פָּתַח (שמות כג, ח): וְשֹׁחַד לֹא תִקָּח וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק וּמַה אִם מִי שֶׁנָּטַל שֹׁחַד מִמִּי שֶׁהָיָה חַיָּב לוֹ כָּהוּ עֵינָיו, הַלּוֹקֵחַ שֹׁחַד מִמִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּב לוֹ עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק וגו'. 65.8. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר פַּפָּא פָּתַח (תהלים מ, ו): רַבּוֹת עָשִׂיתָ אַתָּה ה' אֱלֹהַי נִפְלְאֹתֶיךָ וגו', אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא כָּל פְּעֻלּוֹת וּמַחְשָׁבוֹת שֶׁפָּעַלְתָּ אֵלֵינוּ בִּשְׁבִילֵנוּ, לָמָּה כָּהוּ עֵינָיו שֶׁל יִצְחָק, כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבוֹא יַעֲקֹב וְיִטֹּל אֶת הַבְּרָכוֹת, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק. 65.9. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן אַבְרָהָם תָּבַע זִקְנָה, אָמַר לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָמִים אָדָם וּבְנוֹ נִכְנָסִין לְמָקוֹם וְאֵין אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ לְמִי מְכַבֵּד, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁאַתָּה מְעַטְּרוֹ בְּזִקְנָה אָדָם יוֹדֵעַ לְמִי מְכַבֵּד. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא חַיֶּיךָ דָּבָר טוֹב תָּבַעְתָּ וּמִמְּךָ הוּא מַתְחִיל. מִתְּחִלַּת הַסֵּפֶר וְעַד כָּאן אֵין כְּתִיב זִקְנָה, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁעָמַד אַבְרָהָם נָתַן לוֹ זִקְנָה, (בראשית כד, א): וְאַבְרָהָם זָקֵן בָּא בַּיָּמִים. יִצְחָק תָּבַע יִסּוּרִין, אָמַר לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹן כָּל הָעוֹלָמִים אָדָם מֵת בְּלֹא יִסּוּרִים מִדַּת הַדִּין מְתוּחָה כְּנֶגְדּוֹ, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁאַתָּה מֵבִיא עָלָיו יִסּוּרִים אֵין מִדַּת הַדִּין מְתוּחָה כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא חַיֶּיךָ דָּבָר טוֹב תָּבַעְתָּ וּמִמְּךָ אֲנִי מַתְחִיל, מִתְּחִלַּת הַסֵּפֶר וְעַד כָּאן אֵין כְּתִיב יִסּוּרִין וְכֵיוָן שֶׁעָמַד יִצְחָק נָתַן לוֹ יִסּוּרִים, וַיְהִי כִּי זָקֵן יִצְחָק וַתִּכְהֶיןָ. יַעֲקֹב תָּבַע אֶת הַחוֹלִי, אָמַר לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָמִים אָדָם מֵת בְּלֹא חוֹלִי וְאֵינוֹ מְיַשֵּׁב בֵּין בָּנָיו, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁהוּא חוֹלֶה שְׁנַיִם אוֹ שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים הוּא מְיַשֵּׁב בֵּין בָּנָיו. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא חַיֶּיךָ דָּבָר טוֹב תָּבַעְתָּ וּמִמְּךָ הוּא מַתְחִיל (בראשית מח, א): וַיֹּאמֶר לְיוֹסֵף הִנֵּה אָבִיךָ חֹלֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי אַבְרָהָם חִדֵּשׁ זִקְנָה, יִצְחָק חִדֵּשׁ יִסּוּרִים, יַעֲקֹב חִדֵּשׁ חוֹלִי, חִזְקִיָּהוּ חִדֵּשׁ חוֹלִי שֶׁיִּתְרַפֵּא, אָמַר לוֹ הֶעֱמַדְתָּ אוֹתוֹ עַד יוֹם מוֹתוֹ, אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁאָדָם חוֹלֶה וְעוֹמֵד, חוֹלֶה וְעוֹמֵד, הוּא עוֹשֶׂה תְּשׁוּבָה. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא חַיֶּיךָ דָּבָר טוֹב תָּבַעְתָּ וּמִמְּךָ אֲנִי מַתְחִיל, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ישעיה לח, ט): מִכְתָּב לְחִזְקִיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה בַּחֲלֹתוֹ וַיְחִי מֵחָלְיוֹ, אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן מִכָּאן שֶׁהָיָה בֵּין חוֹלִי לְחוֹלִי חוֹלִי כָּבֵד מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם. 97.1. יְראוּ אֶת ה' קְדשָׁיו (תהלים לד, י), אָמַר רַבִּי עֲזַרְיָה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבֵּרַךְ יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ אֶת יוֹסֵף יָצָא וּפָנָיו מַצְהִילוֹת, וְהַשְּׁבָטִים אוֹמְרִין דִּין כָּל עַמָּא עִם קַיָּמָא בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁהוּא מֶלֶךְ, עִם מִן דְּקַיָּמִין קַיָּמִין. אָמַר לָהֶם יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ יְראוּ אֶת ה' קְדשָׁיו, אֲנָא מְסַפְּקָא לְכוּלֵּיהּ. | 15.7. "What was the tree, from which Adam and Eve ate? Rabbi Meir said, it was wheat. When a person lacks knowledge people say \"That person has not eaten bread made from wheat even a day.\" Rabbi Shmuel bar Rabbi Yitzhak asked before Rabbi Zeira and said to him \"Is it possible that it is wheat?\" He said to him, \"Yes!\" He said to him, \"But isn't it written, 'tree'\" He said to him, \"It rose like the ceders of Lebanon\" Rabbi Yaakov Bar Aha said: Rabbi Nechemiah and the Rabbis disagree. Rabbi Nechemiah said, \"[When we bless our bread we should say]...'the one who brings bread from the earth', since bread already came from the earth.\" But the Rabbis say, \"'who is bringing bread from the earth' since in the future he will bring bread from the earth, as it is said, 'There will be a abundant grain in the land.' (Psalm 72:16). What does the word lefet mean? Two [scholars] disagree. They are Rabbi Hanina son of Yitzhak and Rabbi Shmuel Bar Ami. One says: lefet means there was no bread and the other says lefet means there will be no bread in the future. Rabbi Jeremiah recited the blessing before Rabbi Zeira as \"The one who brings bread from the earth\" and he praised him. But does that mean we hold like Rabbi Nehemiah? Rather we say it so we don't mix up the letters.", 18.1. "\"And God built [out of] the rib\" - Rabbi Eliezer said in the name of Rabbi Yossi the son of Zimra: woman was endowed with more understanding than man. As it is taught: at eleven years and one day, her vows stick; at twelve years and one day her vows apply; and all twelve-year-olds are checked. But for males, at twelve years and one day his vows stick; at thirteen years they apply, and all thirteen-year-olds are checked. Rabbi Yirmiya said in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Yitzchak: there are those that say the opposite, as the way of a woman is to sit in her home, and the way of a many is to go out to the marketplace and learn understanding from others. Rabbi Aybu said, and some attribute it to the name of Rabbi Benaya, and it is [also] taught in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai: [God] adorned her [Eve] like a bride, and afterwards brought her to him [Adam]. In some places they call 'kil'ata' [braids] 'bin'yata' [net-works]. Rabbi Hamma bar Chanina said: you think that she was brought to him under a carob or sycamore tree, rather she was adorned with twenty four kinds of finery, and then brought to him, as it says: \"In Eden, the garden of God you were, and all precious stones were your covering: the carnelian, the topaz...\" (Ezekiel 28:13). The Rabbis and Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish; the Rabbis said: ten, and Rabbi Shimon said: eleven. Rabbi Hamma bar Chanina and Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish both said: a general rule followed by a specific; follow the general rule by adding the specific, and it is all in the general rule - \"every precious stone is your covering\" is a general rule. \"Carnelian, topaz, emerald, beryl...\" are the specifics. Follow the general rule - \"every precious stone is your covering.\" Rabbi Levi and Rabbi Simon: one said nine, and one said ten. The one who said ten is like the Rabbis, and the one who said nine argues that the \"gold\" mentioned in the verse surely does not refer to a canopy. Rabbi Acha bar Chanina said: he made walls of gold and coverings of precious stones and pearls. Rabbi Eleazar bar Bisna said in the name of Rabbi Aha: He even made him hooks of gold.", |
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| 34. Anon., Sifra, None (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 199 |
| 35. Anon., Qohelet Rabba, 7.11, 8.1, 12.5 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 283 |
36. Anon., Leviticus Rabba, 18.1, 20.2, 30.2-30.3, 30.8, 30.12, 30.14-30.15 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 170, 192, 283, 287, 297, 303, 323| 18.1. דַּבֵּר אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם אִישׁ כִּי יִהְיֶה זָב מִבְּשָׂרוֹ וגו' (ויקרא טו, ב), הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (קהלת יב, א): וּזְכֹר אֶת בּוֹרְאֶיךָ בִּימֵי בְּחוּרֹתֶיךָ, תְּנַן (משנה אבות ג-א): עֲקַבְיָא בֶּן מַהַלַּלְאֵל אוֹמֵר הִסְתַּכֵּל בִּשְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים וְאֵין אַתָּה בָּא לִידֵי עֲבֵרָה, דַּע מֵאַיִן בָּאתָ מִטִּפָּה סְרוּחָה, וּלְאָן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ, לֶעָפָר רִמָּה וְתוֹלֵעָה, וְלִפְנֵי מִי אַתָּה עָתִיד לִתֵּן דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְלָכִים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וכו', רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר בְּשֵׁם רַב פַּפֵּי וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּסִכְנִין בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי שְׁלָשְׁתָּן דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מִתּוֹךְ פָּסוּק אֶחָד, וּזְכֹר אֶת בּוֹרְאֶךָ, בְּאֵרְךָ זוֹ לֵיחָה סְרוּחָה, בּוֹרְךָ זוֹ רִמָּה וְתוֹלֵעָה, בּוֹרְאֶךָ זֶה מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁעָתִיד לִתֵּן לְפָנָיו דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן. בִּימֵי בְּחוּרֹתֶיךָ, בְּיוֹמֵי טַלְיוּתָךְ עַד דְּחֵילָךְ עֲלָךְ. (קהלת יב, א): עַד אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָבֹאוּ יְמֵי הָרָעָה, אֵלּוּ יְמֵי זִקְנָה, (קהלת יב, א): וְהִגִּיעוּ שָׁנִים אֲשֶׁר תֹּאמַר אֵין לִי בָהֶם חֵפֶץ, אֵלּוּ יְמֵי הַמָּשִׁיחַ, שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לֹא זְכוּת וְלֹא חוֹבָה, (קהלת יב, ב): עַד אֲשֶׁר לֹא תֶחְשַׁךְ הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְהָאוֹר וגו', הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ זֶה קְלַסְתֵּר פָּנִים, וְהָאוֹר זֶה הַמֵּצַח, וְהַיָּרֵחַ זֶה הַחוֹטֶם, וְהַכּוֹכָבִים אֵלּוּ רָאשֵׁי לְסָתוֹת, (קהלת יב, ב): וְשָׁבוּ הֶעָבִים אַחַר הַגָּשֶׁם, רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר תַּרְתֵּי חָדָא לְחַבְרַיָיא וְחָדָא לְבוּרַיָא. חָדָא לְחַבְרַיָא, בָּא לִבְכּוֹת זָלְגוּ עֵינָיו דְּמָעוֹת. חָדָא לְבוּרַיָא, בָּא לְהַטִּיל מַיִם הַגְּלָלִין מְקַדְּמִין אוֹתוֹ. (קהלת יב, ג): בַּיּוֹם שֶׁיָּזֻעוּ שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת וגו', בַּיּוֹם שֶׁיָּזֻעוּ שֹׁמְרֵי הַבַּיִת אֵלּוּ אַרְכֻּבּוֹתָיו, (קהלת יב, ג): וְהִתְעַוְתוּ אַנְשֵׁי הֶחָיִל אֵלּוּ צְלָעוֹתָיו. רַבִּי חִיָא בַּר נַחְמָן אָמַר אֵלּוּ זְרוֹעוֹתָיו, (קהלת יב, ג): וּבָטְלוּ הַטֹּחֲנוֹת זֶה הַמַּסָּס, (קהלת יב, ג): כִּי מִעֵטוּ אֵלּוּ הַשִּׁנַּיִם, (קהלת יב, ג): וְחָשְׁכוּ הָרֹאוֹת בָּאֲרֻבּוֹת אֵלּוּ הָעֵינַיִם. רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר נַחְמָן אָמַר אֵלּוּ כַּנְפֵי הָרֵאָה, שֶׁמִּשָּׁם יוֹצֵא הַקּוֹל, (קהלת יב, ד): וְסֻגְּרוּ דְלָתַיִם בַּשּׁוּק אֵלּוּ נְקָבָיו שֶׁל אָדָם, שֶׁהֵן כְּמוֹ דֶּלֶת הַפּוֹתֵחַ וְהַסּוֹגֵר, (קהלת יב, ד): בִּשְׁפַל קוֹל הַטַּחֲנָה בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁאֵין הַמַּסָּס טוֹחֵן, (קהלת יב, ד): וְיָקוּם לְקוֹל הַצִּפּוֹר, הָדֵין סָבָא כַּד שָׁמַע קוֹל צִפֳּרִין מְצַיְצִין אֲמַר בְּלִיבֵּיהּ לִיסְטִין אָתָאן לִמְקַפְּחָא יָתִי, (קהלת יב, ד): וְיִשַּׁחוּ כָּל בְּנוֹת הַשִּׁיר אֵלּוּ שִׂפְתוֹתָיו, רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר נְחֶמְיָה אָמַר אֵלּוּ הַכְּלָיוֹת, שֶׁהֵן חוֹשְׁבוֹת וְהַלֵּב גּוֹמֵר, (קהלת יב, ה): גַּם מִגָּבֹהַּ יִרָאוּ וגו', גַּם מִגָּבֹהַּ יִרָאוּ הָדֵין סָבָא דְּצָוְחִין לֵיהּ זִיל לַאֲתַר פְּלַן וְהוּא שָׁאֵיל וַאֲמַר אִית תַּמָּן מַסְּקִין, אִית תַּמָּן מַחֲתִין, (קהלת יב, ה): וְחַתְחַתִּים בַּדֶּרֶךְ, רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא וְרַבִּי לֵוִי, רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא חִתִּיתָא שֶׁל דֶּרֶךְ נוֹפֵל עָלָיו, וָחֳרָנָא אֲמַר הִתְחִיל מַתְוֶוה תְּוָואִים, אֲמַר עַד אֲתַר פְּלַן אִית לִי מַהֲלַךְ בַּאֲתַר פְּלַן לֵית לִי מַהֲלַךְ. (קהלת יב, ה): וְיָנֵאץ הַשָּׁקֵד אִילֵּין קַרְסוּלוֹת, (קהלת יב, ה): וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב זֶה לוּז שֶׁל שִׁדְרָה. אַדְרִיָּנוּס שְׁחִיק עֲצָמוֹת שָׁאַל אֶת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בַּר חֲנַנְיָא אָמַר לוֹ מֵהֵיכָן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵצִיץ אֶת הָאָדָם לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא, אָמַר לוֹ מִלּוּז שֶׁל שִׁדְרָה, אָמַר לוֹ מִן הֵן אַתְּ מוֹדַע לִי, אַיְיתֵי יָתֵיהּ קוֹמוֹי נְתָנוֹ בַּמַּיִם וְלֹא נִמְחָה, טְחָנוֹ בָּרֵיחַיִם וְלֹא נִטְחַן, נְתָנוֹ בָּאֵשׁ וְלֹא נִשְׂרַף, נְתָנוֹ עַל הַסַּדָּן הִתְחִיל מַכֶּה עָלָיו בַּפַּטִּישׁ, נֶחְלַק הַסַּדָּן וְנִבְקַע הַפַּטִּישׁ וְלֹא הוֹעִיל מִמֶּנּוּ כְּלוּם. (קהלת יב, ה): וְתָפֵר הָאֲבִיּוֹנָה זוֹ הַתַּאֲוָה שֶׁהִיא מַטִּילָה שָׁלוֹם בֵּין אִישׁ לְאִשְׁתּוֹ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן חֲלַפְתָּא הֲוָה סָלֵיק שָׁאֵיל בִּשְׁלָמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי בְּכָל יֶרַח וְיֶרַח, כֵּיוָן דְּסָב יָתֵיב לֵיהּ וְלָא יָכוֹל לְמֵיסַק, יוֹם חַד סָלֵיק אֲמַר לֵיהּ מָה עִסְקָךְ דְּלֵית אַתְּ סָלֵיק לְגַבִּי הֵיךְ דַּהֲוֵית יָלֵיף, אֲמַר לֵיהּ רְחוֹקוֹת נַעֲשׂוּ קְרוֹבוֹת, קְרוֹבוֹת נַעֲשׂוּ רְחוֹקוֹת, שְׁתַּיִם נַעֲשׂוּ שָׁלשׁ, וּמֵטִיל שָׁלוֹם בַּבַּיִת בָּטֵל, [ופרושו: רחוקות נעשו קרובות, אילין עיניא דהוו חמיין מרחוק כדו אפלו מקרוב לית אינון חמיין. קרובות נעשו רחוקות, אילין אודני דהוו שמעין בחד זמן בתרי זמני, כדו אפלו במאה זימנין לית אינון שמעין. שתים נעשו שלש, חוטרא ותרתין ריגלי. ומטיל שלום בבית בטל, זו התאוה שמטיל שלום בין איש לאשתו]. (קהלת יב, ה): כִּי הֹלֵךְ הָאָדָם אֶל בֵּית עוֹלָמוֹ, בֵּית הָעוֹלָם לֹא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא בֵּית עוֹלָמוֹ, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁכָּל צַדִּיק וְצַדִּיק יֵשׁ לוֹ עוֹלָם בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁנִּכְנַס לַמְּדִינָה וְעִמּוֹ דֻּכָּסִין וְאִפַּרְכִין וְאִיסְטְרַטְיוֹטִין, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַכֹּל נִכְנָסִין בְּפוֹלִין אֶחָד, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד שָׁרוּי לְפִי כְבוֹדוֹ, כָּךְ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַכֹּל טוֹעֲמִין טַעַם מִיתָה, כָּל צַדִּיק וְצַדִּיק יֵשׁ לוֹ עוֹלָם בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. (קהלת יב, ה): וְסָבְבוּ בַשּׁוּק הַסּוֹפְדִים אֵלּוּ הַתּוֹלָעִים, (קהלת יב, ו): עַד אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵרָתֵק חֶבֶל הַכֶּסֶף זֶה חוּט הַשִּׁדְרָה, (קהלת יב, ו): וְתָרֻץ גֻּלַּת הַזָּהָב זוֹ גֻּלְגֹּלֶת. רַבִּי חִיָּא בַּר נְחֶמְיָא אָמַר זוֹ גַּרְגֶּרֶת שֶׁמְכַלָּה אֶת הַזָּהָב וּמֵרִיקָה אֶת הַכָּסֶף. (קהלת יב, ו): וְתִשָּׁבֶר כַּד עַל הַמַּבּוּעַ זוֹ כָּרֵס. רַבִּי חִיָּא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי פַּפֵּי וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּסִכְנִין בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי לְאַחַר שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים כְּרֵיסוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם נִבְקַעַת וּמוֹסֶרֶת לַפֶּה וְאוֹמֶרֶת לוֹ הֵילָךְ מַה שֶּׁגָּזַלְתָּ וְחָמַסְתָּ וְנָתַתָּ לִי. רַבִּי חַגַּי בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יִצְחָק מַיְיתֵי לָהּ מִן הָדֵין קְרָיָא (מלאכי ב, ג): וְזֵרִיתִי פֶרֶשׁ עַל פְּנֵיכֶם פֶּרֶשׁ חֲגֵיכֶם. רַבִּי אַבָּא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב פַּפֵּי וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּסִכְנִין בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי כָּל תְּלָתָא יוֹמִין נַפְשָׁא טָיְיסָא עַל גּוּפָה סָבְרָה דְּהִיא חָזְרָה לֵיהּ, וְכֵיוָן דְּהִיא חָמְיָא לֵיהּ דְּאִישְׁתַּנֵּי זִיוְהוֹן דְּאַפּוֹי, הִיא אָזְלַת לָהּ, דִּכְתִיב (איוב יד, כב): אַךְ בְּשָׂרוֹ וגו'. בַּר קַפָּרָא אָמַר עַד שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים תָּקְפּוֹ שֶׁל אֵבֶל קַיָּם, לָמָּה שֶׁצּוּרַת הַפָּנִים נִכֶּרֶת, דִּתְנַן אֵין מְעִידִין אֶלָּא עַל פַּרְצוּף פָּנִים עִם הַחֹטֶם, וְאֵין מְעִידִין לְאַחַר שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים. (קהלת יב, ו): וְנָרֹץ הַגַּלְגַּל אֶל הַבּוֹר, תְּרֵין אֲמוֹרָאִין, חַד אָמַר כְּאִילֵּין גַּלְגְּלַיָא דְצִפּוֹרִי, וְחוֹרָנָא אֲמַר כְּאִילֵּין רִגְבַיָּיא דִּטְבֶרְיָא, כְּמָה דְתֵימָא (איוב כא, לג): מָתְקוּ לוֹ רִגְבֵי נָחַל. (קהלת יב, ז): וְיָשֹׁב הֶעָפָר עַל הָאָרֶץ כְּשֶׁהָיָה וגו', רַבִּי פִּנְחָס וְרַבִּי חִלְקִיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי סִימוֹן אֵימָתַי הָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶל הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ, כְּשֶׁשָּׁב הֶעָפָר אֶל הָאָרֶץ כְּשֶׁהָיָה, וְאִם לָאו (שמואל א כה, כט): וְאֶת נֶפֶשׁ אֹיְבֶיךָ יְקַלְּעֶנָּה וגו'. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בַּר נַחְמָן מַתְנֵי לָהּ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אַבְדִּימֵי דְמִן חֵיפָא לְכֹהֵן חָבֵר שֶׁמָּסַר לְכֹהֵן עַם הָאָרֶץ כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אָמַר לוֹ רְאֵה שֶׁאֲנִי טָהוֹר וּבֵיתִי טָהוֹר וְכִכָּר שֶׁנָּתַתִּי לְךָ טָהוֹר, אִם אַתָּה נוֹתְנָהּ לִי כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאֲנִי נָתַתִּי לְךָ מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו הֲרֵינִי זוֹרְקָהּ לְפָנֶיךָ. כָּךְ אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְאָדָם זֶה, רְאֵה שֶׁאֲנִי טָהוֹר וּמְעוֹנִי טָהוֹר וּמְשָׁרְתַי טְהוֹרִים וּנְשָׁמָה שֶׁנָּתַתִּי לְךָ טְהוֹרָה, אִם אַתָּה מַחֲזִירָהּ לִי כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאֲנִי נוֹתְנָהּ לְךָ, מוּטָב, וְאִם לָאו הֲרֵינִי טוֹרְפָהּ לְפָנֶיךָ, כָּל אֵלּוּ בִּימֵי זִקְנוּתוֹ אֲבָל בִּימֵי בַּחֲרוּתוֹ אִם חָטָא לוֹקֶה בְּזִיבוּת וּבְצָרַעַת, לְפִיכָךְ משֶׁה מַזְהִיר אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאוֹמֵר לָהֶם: אִישׁ כִּי יִהְיֶה זָב מִבְּשָׂרוֹ. 20.2. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אַחֲרֵי מוֹת, רַבִּי לֵוִי פָּתַח (תהלים עה, ה): אָמַרְתִּי לַהוֹלְלִים אַל תָּהוֹלוּ, לַהוֹלְלִים, לִמְעַרְבְּבַיָּא, אֵלּוּ שֶׁלִּבָּם מָלֵא עֲלֵיהֶם חַלְחוֹלִיּוֹת רָעוֹת, רַבִּי לֵוִי הֲוָה צָוַח לְהוֹן אַלְלַיָיא, שֶׁמְבִיאִין אַלְלַי לָעוֹלָם. (תהלים עה, ה): וְלָרְשָׁעִים אַל תָּרִימוּ קָרֶן, אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לָרְשָׁעִים, הַצַּדִּיקִים לֹא שָׂמְחוּ בְּעוֹלָמִי וְאַתֶּם מְבַקְּשִׁין לִשְׂמֹחַ. רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן מְנַסְיָא אָמַר תַּפּוּחַ עֲקֵבוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן הָיָה מַכְּהֶה גַּלְגַּל חַמָּה, קְלַסְתֵּר פָּנָיו עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, וְאַל תִּתְמַהּ, בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם אָדָם עוֹשֶׂה דִיסְקָרִי, אֶחָד לוֹ וְאֶחָד לְבֵיתוֹ, שֶׁל מִי עוֹשֶׂה נָאֶה לֹא אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ, כָּךְ אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן נִבְרָא לְתַשְׁמִישׁ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְגַלְגַּל חַמָּה לְתַשְׁמִישָׁן שֶׁל בְּרִיּוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חָמָא בַּר חֲנִינָא, שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה חֻפּוֹת קָשַׁר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּגַן עֵדֶן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל כח, יג): בְּעֵדֶן גַּן אֱלֹהִים הָיִיתָ כָּל אֶבֶן יְקָרָה מְסֻכָתֶךָ אֹדֶם פִּטְדָה וְיַהֲלֹם תַּרְשִׁישׁ שֹׁהַם וְיָשְׁפֵה סַפִּיר נֹפֶךְ וּבָרְקַת וְזָהָב מְלֶאכֶת תֻּפֶּיךָ וּנְקָבֶיךָ בָּךְ בְּיוֹם הִבָּרַאֲךָ כּוֹנָנוּ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר חַד עֲשַׂר, וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי עֲשַׂר, וְלָא פְּלִיגֵי מַאן דַעֲבַד לְהוֹן תְּלַת עֲשַׂר עָבֵיד כָּל אֶבֶן יְקָרָה מְסֻכָתֶךָ תְּלַת, מַאן דַּעֲבַד לְהוֹן חַד סַר, עֲבֵיד לְהוּ חָדָא, מַאן דַעֲבַד לְהוֹן עֲשָׂרָה לָא עֲבֵיד חַד מִנְהוֹן, וְאַחַר כָּל הַשֶּׁבַח הַזֶּה (בראשית ג, יט): כִּי עָפָר אַתָּה וְאֶל עָפָר תָּשׁוּב. אַבְרָהָם לֹא שָׂמַח בְּעוֹלָמִי וְאַתֶּם מְבַקְּשִׁים לִשְמֹחַ. נוֹלַד לוֹ בֵּן לְמֵאָה שָׁנָה וּבַסּוֹף אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא (בראשית כב, ב): קַח נָא אֶת בִּנְךָ, וְהָלַךְ אַבְרָהָם מַהֲלַךְ שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים, לְאַחַר שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים רָאָה עָנָן קָשׁוּר עַל גַּב הָהָר, אָמַר לוֹ בְּנִי רוֹאֶה אַתָּה מַה שֶּׁאֲנִי רוֹאֶה, אָמַר לֵיהּ הֵן, מָה אַתָּה רוֹאֶה אָמַר לֵיהּ עָנָן קָשׁוּר עַל גַּב הָהָר אֲנִי רוֹאֶה, אָמַר לְיִשְׁמָעֵאל וְלֶאֱלִיעֶזֶר רוֹאִים אַתֶּם כְּלוּם, אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ לָאו, אָמַר לָהֶם הוֹאִיל וְאֵינְכֶם רוֹאִים כְּלוּם וַחֲמוֹר זֶה אֵינוֹ רוֹאֶה (בראשית כב, ה): שְׁבוּ לָכֶם פֹּה עִם הַחֲמוֹר, עַם הַדּוֹמִים לַחֲמוֹר. נָטַל אֶת יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ וְהֶעֱלָהוּ הָרִים וְהוֹרִידוֹ גְּבָעוֹת, הֶעֱלָהוּ עַל אֶחָד מִן הֶהָרִים וּבָנָה מִזְבֵּחַ וְסִדֵּר עֵצִים וְעָרַךְ מַעֲרָכָה וְנָטַל אֶת הַסַּכִּין לְשָׁחֲטוֹ, וְאִלּוּלֵי שֶׁקְּרָאוֹ מַלְאָךְ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם כְּבָר הָיָה נִשְׁחָט. תֵּדַע שֶׁכֵּן, שֶׁחָזַר יִצְחָק אֵצֶל אִמּוֹ, וְאָמְרָה לוֹ אָן הָיִיתָ בְּרִי, אָמַר לָהּ נְטָלַנִּי אָבִי וְהֶעֱלַנִי הָרִים וְהוֹרִידַנִּי גְבָעוֹת וכו', אָמְרָה וַוי עַל בְּרִי דְרֵיוָתָא, אִלּוּלֵי הַמַּלְאָךְ כְּבָר הָיִיתָ שָׁחוּט, אָמַר לָהּ אִין. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה צָוְחָה שִׁשָּׁה קוֹלוֹת כְּנֶגֶד שִׁשָּׁה תְּקִיעוֹת, אָמְרוּ לֹא הִסְפִּיקָה אֶת הַדָּבָר עַד שֶׁמֵּתָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (בראשית כג, ב): וַיָּבֹא אַבְרָהָם לִסְפֹּד לְשָׂרָה וְלִבְכֹּתָהּ, וּמֵהֵיכָן בָּא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן רַבִּי סִימוֹן אָמַר מֵהַר הַמּוֹרִיָה בָּא, וְהָיָה אַבְרָהָם מְהַרְהֵר בְּלִבּוֹ וְאוֹמֵר שֶׁמָּא חַס וְשָׁלוֹם נִמְצָא בּוֹ פְּסוּל וְלֹא נִתְקַבֵּל קָרְבָּנוֹ, יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאוֹמֶרֶת לוֹ (קהלת ט, ז): לֵךְ אֱכֹל בְּשִׂמְחָה לַחְמֶךָ. יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא שָׂמְחוּ בְּעוֹלָמִי, שָׂמַח יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּעֹשָׂיו אֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר אֶלָּא (תהלים קמט, ב): יִשְׂמַח, עֲתִידִין הֵן לִשְׂמֹחַ בְּמַעֲשָׂיו שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא. כִּבְיָכוֹל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לֹא שָׂמַח בְּעוֹלָמוֹ, שָׂמַח ה' בְּמַעֲשָׂיו אֵינוֹ אוֹמֵר, אֶלָּא (תהלים קד, לא): יִשְׂמַח, עָתִיד הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לִשְׂמֹחַ בְּמַעֲשֵׂיהֶם שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא. אֱלִישֶׁבַע בַּת עֲמִינָדָב לֹא שָׂמְחָה בָּעוֹלָם, שֶׁרָאֲתָה חֲמִשָּׁה כְּתָרִים בְּיוֹם אֶחָד, יְבָמָהּ מֶלֶךְ, אָחִיהָ נָשִׂיא, בַּעֲלָהּ כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, שְׁנֵי בָּנֶיהָ שְׁנֵי סְגָנֵי כְּהֻנָּה, פִּנְחָס בֶּן בְּנָהּ מְשׁוּחַ מִלְחָמָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ בָּנֶיהָ לְהַקְרִיב וְנִשְׂרְפוּ, נֶהְפְּכָה שִׂמְחָתָהּ לְאֵבֶל, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: אַחֲרֵי מוֹת שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן. 30.2. דָּבָר אַחֵר, וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים טז, יא): תּוֹדִיעֵנִי אֹרַח חַיִּים שׂבַע שְׂמָחוֹת, אָמַר דָּוִד לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא תּוֹדִיעֵנִי בְּאֵיזֶה פִּילוֹן מְפֻלָּשׁ לְחַיֵּי הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, רַבִּי יוּדָן אָמַר, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְדָוִד אִם חַיִּים אַתָּה צָרִיךְ, יִסּוּרִין אַתָּה צָרִיךְ, כְּדִכְתִיב (משלי ו, כג): וְדֶרֶךְ חַיִּים תּוֹכְחוֹת מוּסָר. שׂבַע שְׂמָחוֹת, שִׂבְּעָנוּ בַּחֲמִשָּׁה שְׂמָחוֹת, מִקְרָא, מִשְׁנָה, תַּלְמוּד, תּוֹסֶפְתָּא וְאַגָּדוֹת. דָּבָר אַחֵר, שׂבַע שְׂמָחוֹת אֶת פָּנֶיךָ, אֵלּוּ שֶׁבַע כִּתּוֹת שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים שֶׁעֲתִידִים לְהַקְבִּיל פְּנֵי שְׁכִינָה וּפְנֵיהֶם דּוֹמוֹת לַחַמָּה וּלְבָנָה, לָרָקִיעַ, לַכּוֹכָבִים, לַבְּרָקִים וּלְשׁוֹשַׁנִּים וְלַמְּנוֹרָה הַטְּהוֹרָה שֶׁהָיְתָה בְּבֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ. לַחַמָּה מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שיר השירים ו, י): בָּרָה כַּחַמָּה. לַלְּבָנָה מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שיר השירים ו, י): יָפָה כַלְּבָנָה. לָרָקִיעַ מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דניאל יב, ג): וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִים יַזְהִרוּ כְּזֹהַר הָרָקִיעַ. לַכּוֹכָבִים מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דניאל יב, ג): וּמַצְדִּיקֵי הָרַבִּים כַּכּוֹכָבִים לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד. לַבְּרָקִים מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (נחום ב, ה): מַרְאֵיהֶן כַּלַּפִּידִים כַּבְּרָקִים יְרוֹצֵצוּ. לְשׁוֹשַׁנִּים מִנַּיַן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים מה, א): לַמְנַצֵּחַ עַל שׁשַׁנִּים. לַמְּנוֹרָה הַטְּהוֹרָה מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (זכריה ד, ב): וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי מָה אַתָּה רֹאֶה וָאֹמַר רָאִיתִי וְהִנֵּה מְנוֹרַת זָהָב כֻּלָּהּ. (תהלים טז, יא): נְעִמוֹת בִּימִינְךָ נֶצַח, וְכִי מִי מוֹדִיעֵנוּ אֵיזוֹ כַּת הַחֲבִיבָה וְהַנְּעִימָה שֶׁבָּהֶן, תְּרֵין אָמוֹרָאִין, חַד אָמַר זוֹ שֶׁבָּאָה מִכֹּחָהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה וּמִכֹּחָן שֶׁל מִצְווֹת, וְאָחֳרָנָא אָמַר אֵלּוּ סוֹפְרִין וּמַשְׁנִין שֶׁמְּלַמְּדִין תִּינוֹקוֹת בַּאֲמִתָּן, שֶׁהֵן עֲתִידִין לַעֲמֹד בִּימִינוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: נְעִמוֹת בִּימִינְךָ נֶצַח. דָּבָר אַחֵר, שׂבַע שְׂמָחוֹת, אַל תְּהִי קוֹרֵא כֵּן אֶלָּא שֶׁבַע שְׂמָחוֹת, אֵלּוּ שֶׁבַע מִצְווֹת שֶׁבֶּחָג, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, אַרְבָּעָה מִינִין שֶׁבַּלּוּלָב, וְסֻכָּה, חֲגִיגָה וְשִׂמְחָה. אִם שִׂמְחָה לָמָּה חֲגִיגָה וְאִם חֲגִיגָה לָמָּה שִׂמְחָה, אָמַר רַבִּי אָבִין מָשָׁל לִשְׁנַיִם שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ אֵצֶל הַדַּיָּן וְלֵית אֲנַן יָדְעִין מַאן הוּא נוֹצֵחַ, אֶלָּא מַאן דְּנָסַב בָּאיָין בִּידֵיהּ, אֲנַן יָדְעִין דְּהוּא נָצוֹחַיָיא, כָּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם בָּאִין וּמְקַטְרְגִים לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה וְלֵית אֲנַן יָדְעִין מַאן נָצַח, אֶלָּא בַּמֶּה שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל יוֹצְאִין מִלִּפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְלוּלָבֵיהֶן וְאֶתְרוֹגֵיהֶן בְּיָדָן, אָנוּ יוֹדְעִין דְיִשְׂרָאֵל אִינוּן נָצוֹחַיָּא, לְפִיכָךְ משֶׁה מַזְהִיר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאוֹמֵר לָהֶם: וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן. 30.3. דָּבָר אַחֵר, וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים קב, יח): פָּנָה אֶל תְּפִלַּת הָעַרְעָר וְלֹא בָזָה אֶת תְּפִלָּתָם, שֶׁנִּצְּחוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּדִּין וְנִמְחֲלוּ עֲוֹנוֹתֵיהֶם וְהֵן אוֹמְרִים נָצְחוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א טו, כט): וְגַם נֵצַח יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא יְשַׁקֵּר וְלֹא יִנָּחֵם, הוּא שֶׁדָּוִד אוֹמֵר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אִם קִיַּמְתֶּם מִצְוַת לוּלָב שֶׁנִּקְרָא נָעִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים טז, יא): נְעִמוֹת בִּימִינְךָ נֶצַח, הֲרֵי אַתָּה מְבֻשָּׂר שֶׁנִּצַּחְתָּ לְאֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְגַם נֵצַח יִשְׂרָאֵל, לְפִיכָךְ משֶׁה מַזְהִיר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאוֹמֵר לָהֶם: וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם. אָמַר רַבִּי אָבִין, פָּנָה אֶל תְּפִלַּת הָעַרְעָר, וְאָמַר רַבִּי אָבִין אֵין אָנוּ יְכוֹלִין לַעֲמֹד עַל אַפּוֹ שֶׁל דָּוִד, פְּעָמִים שֶׁקּוֹרֵא עַצְמוֹ עָנִי, פְּעָמִים שֶׁקּוֹרֵא עַצְמוֹ מֶלֶךְ, הָא כֵיצַד בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיָה צוֹפֶה וּמַבִּיט שֶׁצַּדִּיקִים עֲתִידִין לַעֲמֹד מִמֶּנּוּ כְּגוֹן: אָסָא, יְהוֹשָׁפָט, חִזְקִיָּה וְיֹאשִׁיָּה, הָיָה קוֹרֵא עַצְמוֹ מֶלֶךְ, שֶׁנֶאֱמַר (תהלים עב, א): אֱלֹהִים מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ לְמֶלֶךְ תֵּן, וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁצּוֹפֶה רְשָׁעִים יוֹצְאִים מִמֶּנּוּ, כְּגוֹן: אָחָז, מְנַשֶּׁה, אָמוֹן, הָיָה קוֹרֵא עַצְמוֹ עָנִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קב, א): תְּפִלָּה לְעָנִי כִי יַעֲטֹף. רַבִּי אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִי פָּתַר קְרָיָה בַּפּוֹעֵל הַזֶּה, מָה הַפּוֹעֵל הַזֶּה יוֹשֵׁב וּמְשַׁמֵּר לִכְשֶׁיַּפְלִיג מְלַאכְתּוֹ קִמְעָא וְיַלְקִישֶׁנָּה בַּסּוֹף כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (בראשית ל, מב): וְהָיוּ הָעֲטֻפִים לְלָבָן, מַהוּ הָעֲטֻפִים, רַבִּי יִצְחָק בְּרַבִּי חִלְקִיָה אָמַר לַקִּישָׁא. דָּבָר אַחֵר, פָּנָה אֶל תְּפִלַּת הָעַרְעָר, הָיָה לוֹ לוֹמַר לֹא בָזָה תְּפִלָּתוֹ, וְאִם לֹא בָזָה תְּפִלָּתָם, הָיָה לוֹ לוֹמַר פָּנָה אֶל תְּפִלַּת הָעַרְעָרִים, אֶלָּא פָּנָה אֶל תְּפִלַּת הָעַרְעָר, זֶה תְּפִלָּתוֹ שֶׁל מְנַשֶּׁה מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה, שֶׁהָיָה עַרְעָר מִמַּעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים, וְלֹא בָזָה אֶת תְּפִלָּתָם, זוֹ תְּפִלָּתוֹ וּתְפִלַּת אֲבוֹתָיו, דִּכְתִיב (דברי הימים ב לג, יג): וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל אֵלָיו וַיֵּעָתֶר לוֹ, מַהוּ וַיֵּעָתֶר לוֹ, אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּעֲרָבְיָא צָוְוחִין לַחֲתִירָתָא עֲתִירָתָא. (דברי הימים ב לג, יג): וַיְשִׁיבֵהוּ יְרוּשָׁלִַם לְמַלְכוּתוֹ, בַּמֶּה הֱשִׁיבוֹ רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר יוֹנָה אָמַר בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אַחָא, בָּרוּחַ הֱשִׁיבוֹ, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר מַשִּׁיב הָרוּחַ, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה (דברי הימים ב לג, יג): וַיֵּדַע מְנַשֶּׁה כִּי ה' הוּא הָאֱלֹהִים, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אָמַר מְנַשֶּׁה אִית דִּין וְאִית דַּיָּנָא. רַבִּי יִצְחָק פָּתַר קְרָיָא בַּדּוֹרוֹת הַלָּלוּ שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם לֹא מֶלֶךְ וְלֹא נָבִיא, לֹא כֹהֵן וְלֹא אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים, וְאֵין לָהֶם אֶלָּא תְּפִלָּה זוֹ בִּלְבָד, אָמַר דָּוִד לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם אַל תִּבְזֶה אֶת תְּפִלָּתָם, (תהלים קב, יט): תִּכָּתֶב זֹאת לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן, מִכָּאן שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְקַבֵּל הַשָּׁבִים, (תהלים קב, יט): וְעַם נִבְרָא יְהַלֶּל יָהּ, שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בּוֹרֵא אוֹתָן בְּרִיָּה חֲדָשָׁה. דָּבָר אַחֵר, תִּכָּתֶב זֹאת לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן, זֶה דּוֹרוֹ שֶׁל חִזְקִיָּהוּ, שֶׁהָיָה נָטוּי לְמִיתָה, וְעַם נִבְרָא יְהַלֶּל יָהּ, שֶׁבְּרָאָן הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּרִיָּה חֲדָשָׁה, דָּבָר אַחֵר, תִּכָּתֶב זֹאת לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן, זֶה דּוֹרוֹ שֶׁל מָרְדְּכַי שֶׁהָיוּ נְטוּיִין לְמִיתָה, וְעַם נִבְרָא יְהַלֶּל יָהּ, שֶׁבְּרָאָן בְּרִיָּה חֲדָשָׁה. דָּבָר אַחֵר, תִּכָּתֶב זֹאת לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן, אֵלּוּ דּוֹרוֹת הַלָּלוּ שֶׁהֵם נְטוּיִין לְמִיתָה, וְעַם נִבְרָא יְהַלֶּל יָהּ, שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עָתִיד לִבְראוֹת אוֹתָן בְּרִיָּה חֲדָשָׁה, וּמֶה עָלֵינוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת, לִקַּח לוּלָב וְאֶתְרוֹג וּנְקַלֵּס לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, לְפִיכָךְ משֶׁה מַזְהִיר אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאוֹמֵר לָהֶם: וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן. 30.8. בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן, בַּיּוֹם וְלֹא בַּלַּיְלָה, בַּיּוֹם וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת, בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן, אֵינוֹ דוֹחֶה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת אֶלָּא יוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן בִּלְבָד. (ויקרא כג, מ): פְּרִי עֵץ הָדָר, תָּנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּא עֵץ שֶׁטַּעַם עֵצוֹ וּפִרְיוֹ שָׁוֶה, זֶה אֶתְרוֹג. הָדָר, בֶּן עַזַּאי אָמַר הַדָּר בְּאִילָנוֹ מִשָּׁנָה לְשָׁנָה. תַּרְגּוּם עֲקִילַס הַגֵּר, הָדָר, שֶׁהוּא דָר עַל הַמָּיִם. (ויקרא כג, מ): כַּפֹּת תְּמָרִים, רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר: כָּפוּת, אִם הָיָה פָּרוּד יִכְפְּפֶנּוּ. (ויקרא כג, מ): וַעֲנַף עֵץ עָבֹת, שֶׁעֲנָפָיו חוֹפִין אֶת עֵצוֹ, הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר זֶה הֲדַס. (ויקרא כג, מ): וְעַרְבֵי נָחַל, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא שֶׁל נַחַל שֶׁל בִּקְעָה וְשֶׁל הָרִים מִנַּיִן, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וְעַרְבֵי נָחַל. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר וְעַרְבֵי נָחַל שְׁנַיִם, עֲרָבָה לַלּוּלָב וַעֲרָבָה לַמִּקְדָּשׁ, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: פְּרִי עֵץ הָדָר, אֶחָד. וְכַפֹּת תְּמָרִים, אֶחָד. וַעֲנַף עֵץ עָבֹת, שְׁלשָׁה, וְעַרְבֵי נָחַל, שְׁתֵּי דָּלִיּוֹת וְאַחַת שֶׁאֵינָה קְטוּמָה. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר אֲפִלּוּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּן קְטוּמוֹת. 30.12. דָּבָר אַחֵר, פְּרִי עֵץ הָדָר, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, מָה אֶתְרוֹג זֶה יֵשׁ בּוֹ טַעַם וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ רֵיחַ, כָּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ בָּהֶם בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם תּוֹרָה וְיֵשׁ בָּהֶם מַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים. כַּפֹּת תְּמָרִים, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, מָה הַתְּמָרָה הַזּוֹ יֵשׁ בּוֹ טַעַם וְאֵין בּוֹ רֵיחַ, כָּךְ הֵם יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ בָּהֶם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם תּוֹרָה וְאֵין בָּהֶם מַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים. וַעֲנַף עֵץ עָבֹת, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, מָה הֲדַס יֵשׁ בּוֹ רֵיחַ וְאֵין בּוֹ טַעַם, כָּךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ בָּהֶם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם מַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים וְאֵין בָּהֶם תּוֹרָה. וְעַרְבֵי נָחַל, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, מָה עֲרָבָה זוֹ אֵין בָּהּ טַעַם וְאֵין בָּהּ רֵיחַ, כָּךְ הֵם יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ בָּהֶם בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם לֹא תּוֹרָה וְלֹא מַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים, וּמָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה לָהֶם, לְאַבְּדָן אִי אֶפְשָׁר, אֶלָּא אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יֻקְשְׁרוּ כֻלָּם אֲגֻדָּה אַחַת וְהֵן מְכַפְּרִין אֵלּוּ עַל אֵלּוּ, וְאִם עֲשִׂיתֶם כָּךְ אוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אֲנִי מִתְעַלֶּה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (עמוס ט, ו): הַבּוֹנֶה בַשָּׁמַיִם מַעֲלוֹתָו, וְאֵימָתַי הוּא מִתְעֲלֶה כְּשֶׁהֵן עֲשׂוּיִין אֲגֻדָּה אַחַת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (עמוס ט, ו): וַאֲגֻדָּתוֹ עַל אֶרֶץ יְסָדָהּ, לְפִיכָךְ משֶׁה מַזְהִיר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל: וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן. 30.14. רַבִּי מָנֵי פָּתַח (תהלים לה, י): כָּל עַצְמֹתַי תֹּאמַרְנָה ה' מִי כָמוֹךָ, לֹא נֶאֱמַר פָּסוּק זֶה אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל לוּלָב, הַשִּׁדְרָה שֶׁל לוּלָב דּוֹמָה לַשִּׁדְרָה שֶׁל אָדָם, וְהַהֲדַס דּוֹמֶה לָעַיִן, וַעֲרָבָה דּוֹמָה לַפֶּה, וְהָאֶתְרוֹג דּוֹמֶה לַלֵּב, אָמַר דָּוִד אֵין בְּכָל הָאֵיבָרִים גָּדוֹל מֵאֵלּוּ, שֶׁהֵן שְׁקוּלִין כְּנֶגֶד כָּל הַגּוּף, הֱוֵי: כָּל עַצְמוֹתַי תֹּאמַרְנָה. 30.15. דָּבָר אַחֵר, וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן, אַחַר כָּל אוֹתָהּ הַחָכְמָה שֶׁכָּתוּב בִּשְׁלֹמֹה (דברי הימים ב א, יב): הַחָכְמָה וְהַמַּדָּע נָתוּן לָךְ, (מלכים א ה, י יא): וַתֵּרֶב חָכְמַת שְׁלֹמֹה וַיֶּחְכַּם מִכָּל הָאָדָם, יָשַׁב לוֹ תָּמֵהַּ עַל אַרְבָּעָה מִינִין הַלָּלוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ל, יח): שְׁלשָׁה הֵמָּה נִפְלְאוּ מִמֶּנִּי, שְׁלשָׁה הֵמָּה פֶּסַח, מַצָּה וּמָרוֹר, (משלי ל, יח): וְאַרְבָּעָה לֹא יְדַעְתִּים, אֵלּוּ אַרְבָּעָה מִינִים שֶׁבַּלּוּלָב שֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ לַעֲמֹד עֲלֵיהֶם. פְּרִי עֵץ הָדָר, מִי יֹאמַר שֶׁהוּא אֶתְרוֹג, כָּל הָאִילָנוֹת עוֹשִׂין פֵּרוֹת הָדָר. כַּפֹּת תְּמָרִים, הַתּוֹרָה אָמְרָה טֹל שְׁתֵּי כַפּוֹת תְּמָרִים לְהַלֵּל בָּהֶן, וְהוּא אֵינוֹ נוֹטֵל אֶלָּא לוּלָב, לִבָּהּ שֶׁל תְּמָרָה. וַעֲנַף עֵץ עָבֹת, מִי יֹאמַר שֶׁהוּא הֲדַס, הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר (נחמיה ח, טו): צְאוּ הָהָר וְהָבִיאוּ עֲלֵי זַיִת וגו'. וְעַרְבֵי נָחַל, כָּל הָאִילָנוֹת גְּדֵלִין בַּמַּיִם. וְאַרְבָּעָה לֹא יְדַעְתִּים, חָזַר וּמַזְכִּירָן פַּעַם אַחֶרֶת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ל, כט): שְׁלשָׁה הֵמָּה מֵיטִיבֵי וגו', אֵלּוּ אַרְבָּעָה מִינִין שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל הוֹלֵךְ וְרָץ וְלוֹקֵחַ לוֹ מֵהֶן לְהַלֵּל לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְהֵם נִרְאִים קְטַנִּים בְּעֵינֵי אָדָם וּגְדוֹלִים הֵמָּה לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא. וּמִי פֵּרַשׁ לָהֶם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל עַל אַרְבָּעָה הַמִּינִין הָאֵלּוּ שֶׁהֵן אֶתְרוֹג לוּלָב הֲדַס וַעֲרָבָה, חֲכָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ל, כד): וְהֵמָּה חֲכָמִים מְחֻכָּמִים. | 30.12. "Another explanation: \"The fruit of a beautiful tree\" - these are [referring to] Israel. Just like this citron (etrog), which has taste and has smell, so too Israel has among them people that have Torah and have good deeds. \"The branches of a date palm\" - these are [referring to] Israel. Just like this date, which has taste and has no smell, so too Israel has among them those that have Torah but do not have good deeds. \"And a branch of a braided tree (a myrtle)\" - these are [referring to] Israel. Just like this myrtle, which has smell and has no taste, so too Israel has among them those that have good deeds but do not have Torah. \"And brook willows\" - these are [referring to] Israel. Just like this willow, which has no smell and has no taste, so too Israel has among them people that have no Torah and have no good deeds. And what does the Holy One, blessed be He, do to them? To destroy them is impossible, but rather the Holy One, blessed be He, said \"bind them all together [into] one grouping and these will atone for those.\" And if you will have done that, I will be elevated at that time. This is [the meaning of] what is written (Amos 9:6), \"He Who built the upper chambers in the heavens\" (indicating his elevation). And when is He elevated? When they make one grouping, as it is stated (Ibid.), \"and established His grouping on the earth.\" Hence Moshe warned Israel, \"And you shall take for yourselves on the first day.\"", 30.14. "Rabbi Mani opened, \"'All of my bones shall say, \"Lord, who is like you\"' (Psalms 35:10). This verse was only stated for the sake of the lulav (the four species). The spine of the palm branch is similar to the spine of man. And the myrtle is similar to the eye. And the willow is similar to the mouth. And the etrog (citron), is similar to the heart. David said, 'In all of the limbs, there are no greater ones than these, as they are compared to the entire body.' This is [what is meant] by 'All of my bones shall say.'\"", 30.15. "Another explanation: \"And you shall take for yourselves on the first day\" - in spite of all of that wisdom that is written about Shlomo (II Chronicles 2:1), \"wisdom and knowledge are granted to you;\" (I Kings 5:10-11) \"And the wisdom of Shlomo grew... And Shlomo was wiser than all men,\" these four species were perplexing to him, as it is stated (Proverbs 30:18), \"Three are there that are wondrous beyond me\" - these three are the Pesach sacrifice, matsa and marror (bitter herbs) - \"and four which I did not know\" - these four are the four species of the lulav, that he sought to understand: \"The fruit of a beautiful tree\" - who will tell me that it is a citron (etrog)? All of the trees make beautiful fruit (and are hence called beautiful trees). \"The branches of a date palm\" - the Torah said, \"take two palm branches (as 'branches' is in the plural) to praise with\" and he only takes a [singular] lulav, which is the heart of the date palm. \"And a branch of a braided tree (a myrtle)\" - who will tell me that it is a myrtle? Behold, in another place it says (Nechemiah 8:15), \"Go out to the mountain and bring olive branches, etc\" (the verse continues to list several species and mentions myrtles alongside branches of a braided tree, seemingly indicating that they are two different species). \"And brook willows\" - all trees grow in the water! [Hence,] \"and four which I did not know.\" He came back and mentioned them a different time, as it is stated (Proverbs 30:29), \"There are three that are good, etc.\" - these are the four species, that each and every one in Israel goes and runs and takes from them for himself, to praise the Holy One, blessed be He. And [the four species] appear small in the eyes of man but they are great in front of the Holy One, blessed be He. And who explained to Israel that they were these four species, which are the citron, the palm branch, the myrtle, the willow? The Sages; as it is stated (Ibid., verse 24), \"they are very wise sages.\"", |
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| 37. Anon., Sifre Deuteronomy, 23, 346, 96 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 303 |
38. Babylonian Talmud, Niddah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 283| 73a. (ויקרא טו, כה) בלא עת נדתה (על נדתה) סמוך לנדתה,ואין לי אלא סמוך לנדתה מופלג לנדתה יום אחד מנין ת"ל (ויקרא טו, כה) או כי תזוב,אין לי אלא יום אחד מנין לרבות מופלג שנים שלשה ארבעה חמשה ששה ושבעה שמונה תשעה עשרה מנין,אמרת מה מצינו ברביעי שראוי לספירה וראוי לזיבה אף אני אביא העשירי שראוי לספירה וראוי לזיבה,ומנין לרבות אחד עשר ת"ל בלא עת נדתה יכול שאני מרבה אף שנים עשר אמרת לאו,ומה ראית לרבות אחד עשר ולהוציא שנים עשר מרבה אני אחד עשר שראוי לספירת או כי תזוב ומוציא אני י"ב שאין ראוי לספירת או כי תזוב,ואין לי אלא שלשה ימים שני ימים מנין ת"ל ימי יום אחד מנין ת"ל כל ימי,טמאה מלמד שמטמאה את בועלה כנדה היא היא מטמאה את בועלה ואין הזב מטמא מה שהוא בועל,והלא דין הוא ומה היא שאינה מטמאה בראיות כבימים מטמאה את בועלה הוא שמטמא בראיות כבימים אינו דין שמטמא מה שהוא בועל ת"ל היא היא מטמאה את בועלה ואין הזב מטמא מה שהוא בועל,ומנין שהוא עושה משכב ומושב ת"ל (ויקרא טו, כו) כמשכב נדתה,ואין לי אלא שלשה ימים שני ימים מנין ת"ל ימי יום אחד מנין ת"ל כל ימי,ומנין שסופרת אחד לאחד ת"ל יהיה לה יכול תספור שבעה לשנים ודין הוא ומה הוא שאין סופר אחד לאחד סופר שבעה לשנים היא שסופרת אחד לאחד אינו דין שתספור שבעה לשנים ת"ל יהיה לה אינה סופרת אלא יומה,אלמא קראי נינהו לר"ע קראי לר' אלעזר בן עזריה הלכתא,א"ל רב שמעיה לר' אבא אימא ביממא תהוי זבה בליליא תהוי נדה א"ל עלך אמר קרא (ויקרא טו, כה) על נדתה סמוך לנדתה סמוך לנדתה אימת הוי בליליא וקא קרי לה זבה,תנא דבי אליהו כל השונה הלכות בכל יום מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא שנאמר (חבקוק ג, ו) הליכות עולם לו אל תקרי הליכות אלא הלכות, br br big strongהדרן עלך תינוקת וסליקא לה מסכת נדה /strong /big br br | |
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39. Babylonian Talmud, Bava Batra, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 283| 75a. קניגיא עם לויתן שנאמר (איוב מ, כה) התמשוך לויתן בחכה ובחבל תשקיע לשונו ואלמלא הקב"ה עוזרו אין יכול לו שנאמר (איוב מ, יט) העושו יגש חרבו,כי אתא רב דימי אמר רבי יוחנן בשעה שלויתן רעב מוציא הבל מפיו ומרתיח כל מימות שבמצולה שנאמר (איוב מא, כג) ירתיח כסיר מצולה ואלמלא מכניס ראשו לגן עדן אין כל בריה יכולה לעמוד בריחו שנאמר (איוב מא, כג) ים ישים כמרקחה,ובשעה שצמא עושה תלמים תלמים בים שנאמר (איוב מא, כד) אחריו יאיר נתיב אמר רב אחא בר יעקב אין תהום חוזר לאיתנו עד שבעים שנה שנאמר (איוב מא, כד) יחשוב תהום לשיבה ואין שיבה פחותה משבעים,אמר רבה א"ר יוחנן עתיד הקב"ה לעשות סעודה לצדיקים מבשרו של לויתן שנאמר (איוב מ, ל) יכרו עליו חברים ואין כרה אלא סעודה שנאמר (מלכים ב ו, כג) ויכרה להם כרה גדולה ויאכלו וישתו ואין חברים אלא תלמידי חכמים שנאמר (שיר השירים ח, יג) היושבת בגנים חברים מקשיבים לקולך השמיעני,והשאר מחלקין אותו ועושין בו סחורה בשוקי ירושלים שנאמר (איוב מ, ל) יחצוהו בין כנענים ואין כנענים אלא תגרים שנאמר (הושע יב, ח) כנען בידו מאזני מרמה לעשק אהב ואי בעית אימא מהכא (ישעיהו כג, ח) אשר סוחריה שרים כנעניה נכבדי ארץ,ואמר רבה א"ר יוחנן עתיד הקב"ה לעשות סוכה לצדיקים מעורו של לויתן שנאמר (איוב מ, לא) התמלא בשכות עורו זכה עושין לו סוכה לא זכה עושין לו צלצל שנאמר (איוב מ, לא) ובצלצל דגים ראשו,זכה עושין לו צלצל לא זכה עושין לו ענק שנאמר (משלי א, ט) וענקים לגרגרותיך זכה עושין לו ענק לא זכה עושין לו קמיע שנאמר (איוב מ, כט) ותקשרנו לנערותיך,והשאר פורסו הקב"ה על חומות ירושלים וזיוו מבהיק מסוף העולם ועד סופו שנאמר (ישעיהו ס, ג) והלכו גוים לאורך ומלכים לנוגה זרחך:,(ישעיהו נד, יב) ושמתי כדכד שמשותיך א"ר שמואל בר נחמני פליגי תרי מלאכי ברקיעא גבריאל ומיכאל ואמרי לה תרי אמוראי במערבא ומאן אינון יהודה וחזקיה בני רבי חייא חד אמר שוהם וחד אמר ישפה אמר להו הקב"ה להוי כדין וכדין,(ישעיהו נד, יב) ושעריך לאבני אקדח כי הא דיתיב רבי יוחנן וקא דריש עתיד הקב"ה להביא אבנים טובות ומרגליות שהם שלשים על שלשים וחוקק בהן עשר על עשרים ומעמידן בשערי ירושלים לגלג עליו אותו תלמיד השתא כביעתא דציצלא לא משכחינן כולי האי משכחינן,לימים הפליגה ספינתו בים חזא מלאכי השרת דיתבי וקא מינסרי אבנים טובות ומרגליות שהם ל' על ל' וחקוק בהן עשר ברום עשרים אמר להו הני למאן אמרו ליה שעתיד הקב"ה להעמידן בשערי ירושלים אתא לקמיה דרבי יוחנן אמר ליה דרוש רבי לך נאה לדרוש כאשר אמרת כן ראיתי אמר לו ריקא אלמלא (לא) ראית לא האמנת מלגלג על דברי חכמים אתה נתן עיניו בו ונעשה גל של עצמות,מיתיבי (ויקרא כו, יג) ואולך אתכם קוממיות רבי מאיר אומר מאתים אמה כשתי קומות של אדם הראשון,רבי יהודה אומר מאה אמה כנגד היכל וכתליו שנאמר (תהלים קמד, יב) אשר בנינו כנטיעים מגודלים בנעוריהם בנותינו כזויות מחוטבות תבנית היכל כי קאמר ר' יוחנן לכווי דבי זיקא,ואמר רבה א"ר יוחנן עתיד הקב"ה לעשות שבע חופות לכל צדיק וצדיק שנאמר (ישעיהו ד, ה) וברא ה' על כל מכון הר ציון ועל מקראיה ענן יומם ועשן ונוגה אש להבה לילה כי על כל כבוד חופה מלמד שכל אחד ואחד עושה לו הקדוש ברוך הוא חופה לפי כבודו,עשן בחופה למה אמר רבי חנינא שכל מי שעיניו צרות בתלמידי חכמים בעולם הזה מתמלאות עיניו עשן לעולם הבא ואש בחופה למה אמר רבי חנינא מלמד שכל אחד ואחד נכוה מחופתו של חבירו אוי לה לאותה בושה אוי לה לאותה כלימה,כיוצא בדבר אתה אומר (במדבר כז, כ) ונתתה מהודך עליו ולא כל הודך זקנים שבאותו הדור אמרו פני משה כפני חמה פני יהושע כפני לבנה אוי לה לאותה בושה אוי לה לאותה כלימה,אמר רבי חמא (בר) חנינא עשר חופות עשה הקדוש ברוך הוא לאדם הראשון בגן עדן שנאמר (יחזקאל כח, יג) בעדן גן אלהים היית כל אבן יקרה וגו' מר זוטרא אמר אחת עשרה שנאמר כל אבן יקרה אמר רבי יוחנן וגרוע שבכולן זהב דקא חשיב ליה לבסוף,מאי (יחזקאל כח, יג) מלאכת תופיך ונקביך בך אמר רב יהודה אמר רב אמר לו הקדוש ברוך הוא לחירם מלך צור בך נסתכלתי ובראתי נקבים נקבים באדם ואיכא דאמרי הכי קאמר בך נסתכלתי | 75a. b a hunt of the leviathan, as it is stated: “Can you draw out leviathan with a fish hook? Or press down his tongue with a cord?” /b (Job 40:25). b And were the Holy One, Blessed be He, not assisting /b Gabriel, b he would not be able to /b hunt b it, as it is stated: “Only He Who made him can use His sword to approach him” /b (Job 40:19)., b When Rav Dimi came /b from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, he said that b Rabbi Yoḥa said: When /b the b leviathan is hungry, he produces breath from his mouth and /b thereby b boils all of the waters in the depths /b of the sea. b As it is stated: “He makes the deep boil like a pot” /b (Job 41:23). b And if /b the leviathan b did not place its head in the Garden of Eden, no creature could withstand his /b foul b smell, as it is stated: “He makes the sea like a seething mixture [ i merkaḥa /i ]” /b (Job 41:23), and the term i merkaḥa /i is also used to describe something with a smell (see Exodus 30:25)., b And when he is thirsty, he makes many furrows in the sea, as it is stated: “He makes a path to shine after him” /b (Job 41:24). b Rav Aḥa bar Yaakov says: /b After the leviathan drinks from the sea, b the depth /b of the sea does b not return to its normal condition until seventy years /b have passed, b as it is stated: “One would think the deep to be hoary” /b (Job 41:24), b and hoary /b indicates a person who is b no less than seventy /b years old., b Rabba says /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa says: /b In the b future, the Holy One, Blessed be He, will make a feast for the righteous from the flesh of the leviathan, as it is stated: “The i ḥabbarim /i will make a feast [ i yikhru /i ] of him” /b (Job 40:30). b And i kera /i /b means b nothing other than a feast, as it is stated: “And he prepared [ i va’yikhreh /i ] for them a great feast [ i kera /i ]; and they ate and drank” /b (II Kings 6:23). b And i ḥabbarim /i /b means b nothing other than Torah scholars, as it is stated: “You that dwell in the gardens, the companions [ i ḥaverim /i ] hearken for your voice: Cause me to hear it” /b (Song of Songs 8:13). This verse is interpreted as referring to Torah scholars, who listen to God’s voice., b And /b with regard to b the remainder /b of the leviathan, they will b divide it and use it for commerce in the markets of Jerusalem, as it is stated: “They will part him among the i kena’anim /i ” /b (Job 40:30). b And i kena’anim /i /b means b nothing other than merchants, as it is stated: “As for the merchant [ i kena’an /i ], the balances of deceit are in his hand. He loves to oppress” /b (Hosea 12:8). b And if you wish, say /b that the proof is b from here: “Whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers [ i kieha /i ] are the honorable of the earth” /b (Isaiah 23:8)., b And Rabba says /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa says: /b In the b future, the Holy One, Blessed be He, will prepare a i sukka /i for the righteous from the skin of /b the b leviathan, as it is stated: “Can you fill his skin with barbed irons [ i besukkot /i ]” /b (Job 40:31). If one b is deserving /b of being called righteous, an entire b i sukka /i is prepared for him /b from the skin of the leviathan; if one is b not deserving /b of this honor, b a covering is prepared for his /b head, b as it is stated: “Or his head with fish-spears” /b (Job 40:31).,If one is b deserving /b at least of this reward, b a covering is prepared for him, /b and if one is b not deserving, a necklace is prepared for him, as it is stated: “And necklaces about your neck” /b (Proverbs 1:9). If one is somewhat b deserving, a necklace is prepared for him, /b and if one is b not deserving /b even of this, only b an amu-let is prepared for him /b from the skin of the leviathan, b as it is stated: “Or will you bind him for your maidens” /b (Job 40:29), i.e., a small amulet is prepared for him, like the amulets tied on children’s necks., b And /b with regard to b the remaining /b part of the skin of the leviathan, b the Holy One, Blessed be He, spreads it on the walls of Jerusalem, and its glory radiates from /b one b end of the world until the /b other b end. As it is stated: “And nations shall walk in your light, and kings at the brightness of your rising” /b (Isaiah 60:3).,§ With regard to the future glory of Jerusalem, the Gemara interprets the verse: b “And I will make your pinnacles of i kadkhod /i ” /b (Isaiah 54:12). b Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani said: Two angels in heaven, Gabriel and Michael, disagree /b with regard to the material that will be used to form the walls of Jerusalem. b And some say /b that this dispute is between b two i amora’im /i in the West, /b i.e., Eretz Yisrael. b And who are they? /b They are b Yehuda and Ḥizkiyya, the sons of Rabbi Ḥiyya. One said /b they will be made of b onyx, and one said /b of b jasper. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to them: Let it be like this [ i kedein /i ] and like that [ i ukhedein /i ], /b i.e., let them be formed from both together. This compromise is indicated by the word i kadkhod /i , a combination of this [ i kedein /i ] and that [ i ukhedein /i ].,The Gemara analyzes the rest of that verse: b “And your gates of precious stones” /b (Isaiah 54:12). This should be understood b in /b light of b that /b incident b where Rabbi Yoḥa sat and taught: /b In the b future, the Holy One, Blessed be He, will bring precious stones and pearls that are thirty by thirty /b cubits, b and He will hollow out in them /b a hole of b ten by twenty /b cubits b and set them in the gates of Jerusalem. A certain /b unnamed b student sneered at him, /b saying: b Now we do not find /b precious stones even b of /b the size of b an egg of a dove, /b and yet b all of this we will find? /b , b After /b a period of b time /b that student’s b ship went to sea, /b where b he saw ministering angels sitting and sawing precious stones and pearls that were thirty by thirty /b cubits, b and hollowed out in them /b were holes of b ten by twenty /b cubits. b He said to /b the angels: b For whom are these? They said to him that /b in the b future, the Holy One, Blessed be He, will place them in the gates of Jerusalem. /b Later, the student b came before Rabbi Yoḥa /b and b said to him: /b Continue to b interpret, my teacher, it is fitting for you to interpret, /b as b I saw /b just b as you said. /b Rabbi Yoḥa b said to him: Worthless /b man, b if you had not seen, you would not have believed; /b clearly, b you are mocking the statement of the Sages. /b Rabbi Yoḥa b set his eyes upon him, and /b the student was instantly killed b and turned into a pile of bones. /b ,The Gemara b raises an objection /b against Rabbi Yoḥa’s statement, based on a i baraita /i . The verse states: b “And I will make you go upright [ i komemiyyut /i ]” /b (Leviticus 26:13). b Rabbi Meir says: /b In the future, the Jewish people will have the stature of b two hundred cubits, equivalent to two /b times the b height [ i komot /i ] of Adam the first /b man, whose height was one hundred cubits. Rabbi Meir interprets the word i komemiyyut /i as two i komot /i ., b Rabbi Yehuda says: /b They will have the stature of b one hundred cubits, corresponding to the Sanctuary and its walls, as it is stated: “We whose sons are as plants grown up in their youth; whose daughters are as corner-pillars carved after the fashion of the Sanctuary” /b (Psalms 144:12). But if they are each one hundred cubits tall, how could the Jews enter the gates of Jerusalem, whose entrance gate will be ten by twenty cubits, as claimed by Rabbi Yoḥa? The Gemara answers: b When Rabbi Yoḥa stated /b that idea, he was not referring to the gates themselves but b to /b the b windows that /b allow b wind /b to enter.,§ b And Rabba says /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa says: /b In the b future, the Holy One, Blessed be He, will fashion seven canopies for each and every righteous /b individual, b as it is stated: “And the Lord will create over the whole habitation of Mount Zion, and over those who are invited to it, a cloud and smoke by day, and the shining of a flaming fire by night; for over all the glory shall be a canopy” /b (Isaiah 4:5). This b teaches that /b for b each and every /b righteous individual, b the Holy One, Blessed be He, fashions for him a canopy /b seven times over, b in accordance with his honor, /b i.e., greater individuals receive grander and larger canopies.,The Gemara asks a question with regard to the above verse: b Why /b should there be b smoke in a canopy? Rabbi Ḥanina said: /b It is b because anyone whose eyes are narrow, /b i.e., is stingy, b toward Torah scholars in this world, his eyes fill with smoke in the World-to-Come. And why /b should there be b fire in a canopy? Rabbi Ḥanina said: /b This b teaches that each and every one is burned from /b embarrassment at the size of b the canopy of the other, /b and says: b Woe for this embarrassment, woe for this disgrace, /b that I did not merit a canopy as large as his., b In a similar manner, you /b can b say /b that God said to Moses about Joshua: b “And you shall put of your honor upon him” /b (Numbers 27:20), which indicates that you should put some of your honor, b but not all of your honor. The elders of that generation said: The face of Moses /b was as bright b as the face of the sun; the face of Joshua /b was b like the face of the moon. Woe for this embarrassment, woe for this disgrace, /b that we did not merit another leader of the stature of Moses., b Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina says: The Holy One, Blessed be He, fashioned ten canopies for Adam the first /b man, b in the Garden of Eden; as it is stated /b to Hiram, king of Tyre: b “You were in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone /b was your covering, the carnelian, the topaz, and the emerald, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the carbuncle, and the smaragd, and gold; the workmanship of your drums and of your holes was in you; they were prepared on the day that you were created” (Ezekiel 28:13). This verse mentions ten items, from carnelian to gold. b Mar Zutra said: /b There were b eleven /b canopies, b as it states: “Every precious stone,” /b which is also part of the tally. b Rabbi Yoḥa said: And the worst of all of them /b was b gold, as it is counted last, /b which indicates that the other items are more valuable.,The Gemara asks: b What /b is the meaning of the phrase: b “The workmanship of your drums and of your holes [ i nekavekha /i ]” /b (Ezekiel 28:13)? b Rav Yehuda says /b that b Rav says: The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Hiram, king of Tyre: /b Were you in the Garden of Eden when I created all of this for you? b I looked at you, /b saw that you would one day claim divinity for yourself, b and created many orifices [ i nekavim /i ] in man, /b i.e., the excretory system, so that you would know that you are human and not a god. b And there are /b those b who say /b that b this /b is what God b said /b to Hiram: b I looked at you /b |
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40. Babylonian Talmud, Qiddushin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 195| 73a. חד לכהנים וחד ללוים וחד לישראלים וחד למישרי ממזר בשתוקי וחד למישרי שתוקי בישראל קהל גרים לא איקרי קהל ורבי יהודה כהנים ולוים מחד קהל נפקי אייתר ליה לקהל גרים,ואיבעית אימא ה"נ תרי קהלי נינהו ממזר בשתוקי ושתוקי בישראל מחד קהל נפקא (דברים כג, ג) לא יבא ממזר בקהל ה',ממזר ודאי הוא דלא יבא הא ממזר ספק יבא בקהל ודאי הוא דלא יבא הא בקהל ספק יבא,ואיבעית אימא הני נמי תרי קהלי נינהו וטעמיה דרבי יהודה מהכא (במדבר טו, טו) הקהל חוקה אחת לכם ולגר הגר ולרבי יוסי חוקה אחת הפסיק הענין,אחד גר ואחד עבד משוחרר וחלל מותרין בכהנת מסייעא ליה לרב דאמר רב יהודה אמר רב לא הוזהרו כשירות להנשא לפסולים,דרש ר' זירא במחוזא גר מותר בממזרת רגמוהו כולי עלמא באתרוגייהו אמר רבא מי איכא דדריש מילתא כי האי בדוכתא דשכיחי גיורי דרש רבא במחוזא גר מותר בכהנת טענוהו בשיראי הדר דרש להו גר מותר בממזרת אמרו ליה אפסידתא לקמייתא אמר להו דטבא לכו עבדי לכו אי בעי מהכא נסיב ואי בעי מהכא נסיב,והילכתא גר מותר בכהנת ומותר בממזרת מותר בכהנת לא הוזהרו כשירות להנשא לפסולים ומותר בממזרת כרבי יוסי,אלו הן שתוקי כל שמכיר אמר רבא דבר תורה שתוקי כשר מאי טעמא רוב כשרים אצלה ומיעוט פסולין אצלה,ואי אזלי אינהו לגבה כל דפריש מרובא פריש מאי אמרת דילמא אזלה איהי לגבייהו הוה ליה קבוע וכל קבוע כמחצה על מחצה דמי,והתורה אמרה (דברים כג, ג) לא יבא ממזר ממזר ודאי הוא דלא יבא הא ממזר ספק יבא בקהל ודאי הוא דלא יבא הא בקהל ספק יבא,ומה טעם אמרו שתוקי פסול גזירה שמא ישא אחותו מאביו אלא מעתה שתוקי שתוקית לא ישא שמא ישא אחותו מאביו,כל כי הני מזנו ואזלי בת שתוקית לא ישא שמא ישא אחותו מאביו אלא לא שכיחא ה"נ לא שכיחא,אלא מעלה עשו ביוחסין,ואמר רבא דבר תורה אסופי כשר מאי טעמא אשת איש בבעלה תולה מאי איכא מיעוט ארוסות ומיעוט שהלך בעליהם למדינת הים,כיון דאיכא פנויה ואיכא נמי דמחמת רעבון הוה פלגא ופלגא והתורה אמרה לא יבא ממזר בקהל ה' ממזר ודאי הוא דלא יבא הא ממזר ספק יבא בקהל ודאי הוא דלא יבא הא בקהל ספק יבא,ומה טעם אמרו אסופי פסול שמא ישא אחותו מאביו אלא מעתה אסופי אסופית לא ישא שמא ישא אחותו בין מאביו בין מאמו כל הני שדי ואזלי בת אסופי לא ישא שמא ישא אחותו אלא לא שכיח ה"נ לא שכיח,אלא מעלה עשו ביוחסים,אמר רבא בר רב הונא מצאו מהול | 73a. b One /b is referring b to priests, /b to teach that people with flawed lineage may not enter their congregation; b and one /b is referring b to Levites; and one to Israelites; and one /b serves b to permit a i mamzer /i to /b marry b a i shetuki /i , /b since a i mamzer /i is prohibited from entering only the congregation of God, but he may marry someone who is not definitely a member of the congregation, e.g., a i shetuki /i ; b and one /b serves b to permit a i shetuki /i to /b marry b an Israelite, /b as only one who is a definite i mamzer /i may not marry an Israelite. As for the b congregation of converts, it is not called a congregation /b at all, and they may marry those prohibited from entering the congregation of Israel. b And Rabbi Yehuda /b holds that b priests and Levites are derived from one /b instance of the word b “congregation,” /b since they are from the same tribe, that of Levi. Consequently, one instance of the word “congregation” b remains for him /b to interpret. He interprets it as referring b to the congregation of converts, /b and deems it prohibited for a i mamzer /i to enter that congregation as well., b And if you wish, say: So too, /b Rabbi Yehuda agrees with Rabbi Yosei that Levites and priests b are two congregations, /b since there are special i halakhot /i of marriage that apply only to priests. Rather, Rabbi Yehuda holds that the permissibility of the marriage of b a i mamzer /i with a i shetuki /i and a i shetuki /i with an Israelite /b is b derived from one /b instance of the word b “congregation,” /b from the verse: b “A i mamzer /i shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord” /b (Deuteronomy 23:3).,This is accomplished by inferring the following: b It is /b one who is b a definite i mamzer /i who may not enter, but /b one who is b a i mamzer /i /b as a result b of an uncertainty, /b e.g., a i shetuki /i , b may enter. And similarly, it is into the congregation /b of those with b definite /b unflawed lineage that a i mamzer /i b may not enter, but into a congregation /b of those with b uncertain /b lineage, e.g., a i shetuki /i , b he may enter. /b This verse therefore teaches that both types of marriage are permitted. In any event, Rabbi Yehuda remains with one instance of the word “congregation” to interpret, from which he derives that it is also prohibited for a convert to marry a i mamzeret /i ., b And if you wish, say: These too, /b one who is a definite i mamzer /i and one who is a i mamzer /i as the result of an uncertainty, b are two congregations, /b each requiring its own verse, b and the reason of Rabbi Yehuda is from here: “As for the congregation, there shall be one statute both for you, and for the stranger that sojourns with you” /b (Numbers 15:15), which indicates that converts are considered like Israelites with regard to their being included in the category of “congregation.” b And according to Rabbi Yosei, /b who holds that a convert may marry a i mamzeret /i , the phrase b “one statute” interrupts the matter, /b and converts are not considered part of the congregation of God.,§ The Gemara comments: The statement of the i Tosefta /i that b a convert, and an emancipated slave, and a i ḥalal /i are all permitted to /b marry b the daughter of a priest supports /b the opinion b of Rav, as Rav Yehuda says /b that b Rav says: Women of unflawed /b lineage who are daughters of priests b were not prohibited /b from b marrying those disqualified /b from the priesthood b due to flawed lineage [ i ḥalalim /i ], /b since that prohibition applies only to male priests., b Rabbi Zeira taught in Meḥoza: /b It is b permitted /b for b a convert to /b marry b a i mamzeret /i . Everyone stoned him with their i etrogim /i , /b since the many converts present were insulted by his statement, which they understood to mean that converts are not members of God’s congregation. b Rava said: Is there /b a person b who teaches such a matter in a place where there are commonly converts? /b He should have been more circumspect. b Rava /b himself b taught /b this b in Meḥoza /b to ameliorate the situation: It is b permitted /b for b a convert to /b marry b the daughter of a priest. They carried him on silk [ i beshira’ei /i ] /b for elevating the honor of converts. b He later taught them: /b It is b permitted /b for b a convert to /b marry b a i mamzeret /i . They said to him: You have forfeited /b the honor of your b first /b sermon. Rava b said to them: I have done for you what is good for you. If /b a convert b wishes, /b he may b marry from here, /b i.e., from those of pure lineage, b and if he wishes, /b he may b marry from here, /b i.e., a i mamzeret /i .,The Gemara concludes: b And the i halakha /i /b is: It is b permitted /b for b a convert to /b marry b the daughter of a priest, and /b it is b permitted /b for him b to /b marry b a i mamzeret /i . /b It is b permitted /b for b a convert to /b marry b the daughter of a priest, /b since b women of unflawed /b lineage b were not prohibited /b from b marrying those disqualified /b for the priesthood. b And /b it is b permitted /b for him b to /b marry b a i mamzeret /i , in accordance with /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yosei, /b who holds that the congregation of converts is not called a congregation.,§ The mishna teaches: b And these are /b the last two categories: b A i shetuki /i /b is b any /b person b who knows /b the identity of his mother but does not know the identity of his father. b Rava says: By Torah law, a i shetuki /i is fit /b to enter the congregation. b What is the reason /b for this? b Most are fit with regard to her, /b i.e., most men are fit to engage in intercourse with an unmarried woman, b and /b only b a minority are unfit with regard to /b engaging in intercourse with b her. /b There are few men who are related to a woman in a way that would render the offspring i mamzerim /i .,Rava analyzes two possibilities: b And if they came to her, /b i.e., if the father came to the mother’s location when the child was conceived, the following principle with regard to an uncertain prohibition takes effect: b Anything that separates /b from its fixed location is presumed to have b separated from the majority /b of items like it in that location. If the father separated from the population at large and came to the mother, one can assume that he was from the majority, who are of unflawed lineage. b What /b might b you say, /b that b perhaps she went to them, /b and the child was conceived in the place where the father was? In such a case, b it is /b an uncertain prohibition located in its b fixed /b place, b and /b the halakhic principle is: b Anything fixed is considered /b as though it were b half and half, /b i.e., fifty percent, and it remains a case of uncertainty, and it should be prohibited for the i shetuki /i to marry a Jew with unflawed lineage., b And /b in any case, this does not suffice to prevent her i shetuki /i child from marrying a Jew with unflawed lineage, since b the Torah states: “A i mamzer /i shall not enter /b into the congregation of the Lord” (Deuteronomy 23:3), which indicates: b It is a definite i mamzer /i who may not enter, but /b one who is b a i mamzer /i /b as a result b of an uncertainty may enter. /b Similarly, b it is into a congregation /b of those with b definite /b unflawed lineage that b he may not enter, but into a congregation /b of those with b uncertain /b lineage b he may enter. /b Therefore, even if it is uncertain if one is a i mamzer /i , by Torah law he may marry a Jew with unflawed lineage., b And for what reason did /b the Sages nevertheless b say /b that b a i shetuki /i /b is of b flawed /b lineage? Due to a rabbinic b decree, lest he marry his sister from his father, /b since the identity of his father is unknown. The Gemara asks: b If that is so, /b it b should not /b be permitted for b a i shetuki /i /b to b marry /b even b a female i shetuki /i , lest he marry his sister from his father. /b ,The Gemara responds: b And do /b people b engage in licentiousness to such an extent /b that one should be concerned that all the children of unknown paternity in one city were fathered by the same man? By the same reasoning, there should also be a decree that a i shetuki /i may b not marry the daughter of a female i shetuki /i /b from a proper marriage, b lest he marry his sister from his father, /b since the man who married the female i shetuki /i might have been his father. b Rather, /b it must be that b it is not common /b for a i shetuki /i to happen to marry his sister, and therefore he may marry the daughter of a female i shetuki /i . b So too, it is not common /b for him to happen to marry his sister, and the Sages would not issue a decree to prevent this from occurring.,The question therefore remains, why did they render it prohibited for a i shetuki /i to marry a Jew with unflawed lineage? The Gemara answers that it is not prohibited for a i shetuki /i to marry a Jew with unflawed lineage due to any halakhic concern. b Rather, /b the Sages b established a higher standard with regard to lineage, /b in that they rendered it prohibited for people from unknown backgrounds to marry those with unflawed lineage., b And Rava says /b a similar statement: b By Torah law, a foundling, /b a child found in the marketplace whose parents are unknown, b is fit, /b and there is no concern that the child is a i mamzer /i . b What is the reason /b for this? b A married woman /b who becomes pregt through extramarital intercourse, which results in the child being a i mamzer /i , b ascribes /b the child b to her husband. /b Since everyone assumes that her husband is the father, she has no reason to abandon the child in the marketplace. b What /b case b is there /b where a mother would want to abandon her i mamzer /i child? There is the b minority /b of situations involving b betrothed women /b who committed adultery but cannot claim that her betrothed is the father, as they had not been living together. b And /b there is the b minority /b of women b whose husbands have gone overseas /b and could not have fathered the children., b Since there are /b many other cases of b unmarried /b women who do abandon their children although those children have unflawed lineage, b and there are also /b children with unflawed lineage who are abandoned by their parents b due to hunger, /b the concern that the child is a i mamzer /i b is /b no more than b half and half, /b i.e., fifty percent. b And the Torah states: “A i mamzer /i shall not enter into the congregation of the Lord” /b (Deuteronomy 23:3), which indicates: b It is /b one who is b a definite i mamzer /i who may not enter, but /b one who is b a i mamzer /i /b as a result b of an uncertainty may enter. /b Similarly, b it is into a congregation /b of those with b definite /b unflawed lineage that b he may not enter, but into a congregation /b of those with b uncertain /b lineage b he may enter. /b This child is a i mamzer /i as the result of an uncertainty, and by Torah law may marry a Jew with unflawed lineage., b And for what reason did /b the Sages b say /b that b a foundling is unfit? Lest he marry his sister from his father. /b The Gemara asks: b If that is so, /b it b should not /b be permitted for b a foundling /b to b marry /b even a female b foundling, lest he marry his sister from either his father or his mother. /b The Gemara rejects this: Are they b continually throwing away all these /b children? Is it likely that the same parents abandoned both a son and a daughter? If you accept that suggestion, it b should not /b be permitted for b him /b to b marry the daughter of a foundling, lest he marry his sister, /b as perhaps the father of the one he wishes to marry is his father as well. b Rather, /b it must be that b it is not common /b for a foundling to happen to marry his sister, and therefore he may marry the daughter of a foundling. b So too, it is not common /b for him to happen to marry his sister, and the Sages would not make a decree to prevent this from occurring.,The question therefore remains: Why did they prohibit a foundling from marrying a Jew with unflawed lineage? The Gemara answers that it is prohibited for a foundling to marry a Jew with unflawed lineage not due to any halakhic concern. b Rather, /b the Sages b established a higher standard with regard to lineage, /b in that they rendered it prohibited for people from unknown backgrounds to marry those with unflawed lineage.,§ b Rava bar Rav Huna says: /b If an abandoned boy was b found circumcised, /b |
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41. Babylonian Talmud, Bava Metzia, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 283| 83b. פועל בכניסתו משלו ביציאתו משל בעל הבית שנאמר (תהלים קד, כב) תזרח השמש יאספון ואל מעונתם ירבצון יצא אדם לפעלו ולעבודתו עדי ערב,וליחזי היכי נהיגי בעיר חדשה וניחזי מהיכא קא אתו בנקוטאי איבעית אימא דאמר להו דאגריתו לי כפועל דאורייתא,דרש רבי זירא ואמרי לה תני רב יוסף מאי דכתיב (תהלים קד, כ) תשת חשך ויהי לילה בו תרמוש כל חיתו יער תשת חשך ויהי לילה זה העולם הזה שדומה ללילה בו תרמוש כל חיתו יער אלו רשעים שבו שדומין לחיה שביער,תזרח השמש יאספון ואל מעונתם ירבצון תזרח השמש לצדיקים יאספון רשעים לגיהנם ואל מעונתם ירבצון אין לך כל צדיק וצדיק שאין לו מדור לפי כבודו יצא אדם לפעלו יצאו צדיקים לקבל שכרן ולעבודתו עדי ערב במי שהשלים עבודתו עדי ערב,ר' אלעזר ב"ר שמעון אשכח לההוא פרהגונא דקא תפיס גנבי אמר ליה היכי יכלת להו לאו כחיותא מתילי דכתיב בו תרמוש כל חיתו יער איכא דאמרי מהאי קרא קאמר ליה (תהלים י, ט) יארב במסתר כאריה בסוכו דלמא שקלת צדיקי ושבקת רשיעי,א"ל ומאי אעביד הרמנא דמלכא הוא אמר תא אגמרך היכי תעביד עול בארבע שעי לחנותא כי חזית איניש דקא שתי חמרא וקא נקיט כסא בידיה וקא מנמנם שאול עילויה,אי צורבא מרבנן הוא וניים אקדומי קדים לגרסיה אי פועל הוא קדים קא עביד עבידתיה ואי עבידתיה בליליא רדודי רדיד ואי לא גנבא הוא ותפסיה,אישתמע מילתא בי מלכא אמרו קריינא דאיגרתא איהו ליהוי פרונקא אתיוה לרבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון וקא תפיס גנבי ואזיל שלח ליה ר' יהושע בן קרחה חומץ בן יין עד מתי אתה מוסר עמו של אלהינו להריגה,שלח ליה קוצים אני מכלה מן הכרם שלח ליה יבא בעל הכרם ויכלה את קוציו יומא חד פגע ביה ההוא כובס קרייה חומץ בן יין אמר מדחציף כולי האי שמע מינה רשיעא הוא אמר להו תפסוהו תפסוהו,לבתר דנח דעתיה אזל בתריה לפרוקיה ולא מצי קרי עליה (משלי כא, כג) שומר פיו ולשונו שומר מצרות נפשו זקפוהו קם תותי זקיפא וקא בכי אמרו ליה רבי אל ירע בעיניך שהוא ובנו בעלו נערה מאורסה ביום הכפורים,הניח ידו על בני מעיו אמר שישו בני מעי שישו ומה ספיקות שלכם כך ודאית שלכם על אחת כמה וכמה מובטח אני בכם שאין רמה ותולעה שולטת בכם,ואפי' הכי לא מייתבא דעתיה אשקיוהו סמא דשינתא ועיילוהו לביתא דשישא וקרעו לכריסיה הוו מפקו מיניה דיקולי דיקולי דתרבא ומותבי בשמשא בתמוז ואב ולא מסרחי,כל תרבא נמי לא סריח כל תרבא לא סריח שורייקי סומקי מסריח הכא אף על גב דאיכא שורייקי סומקי לא מסריח קרי אנפשיה (תהלים טז, ט) אף בשרי ישכון לבטח,ואף ר' ישמעאל ברבי יוסי מטא | 83b. b A laborer’s entrance /b into the city from the field at the end of a day’s work is b at his own /b expense, i.e., he must work until the very end of the day before returning home, and he is not paid for his travel time. In contrast, b his departure /b to work is b at /b his b employer’s /b expense, i.e., he may travel after sunrise, which is time that he is paid for. The source for this is b as it is stated: “The sun rises; they slink away and couch in their dens; man goes forth to his work and to his labor until the evening” /b (Psalms 104:22–23). This verse indicates that people set out to work only from sunrise, but they work until the very end of the day.,The Gemara asks: b But /b if employment practices are in accordance with regional custom, how can a source be cited from a verse? b Let us see how /b they b are accustomed /b to working in that place. The Gemara answers: The statement of Reish Lakish is b with regard to a new city, /b which does not yet have an accepted practice. The Gemara asks: Even so, b let us see from which city /b the laborers originally b came, /b and let them follow the customs of that city. The Gemara answers: This is a case b of an eclectic /b group of laborers, who came from many different cities. The Gemara offers an alternative answer: b If you wish, say /b instead b that /b the employer b said to /b the laborer: b I am hiring you as a laborer by Torah law. /b According to this explanation, Reish Lakish is detailing the i halakha /i by Torah law.,With regard to the aforementioned psalm, the Gemara notes: b Rabbi Zeira interpreted /b a verse b homiletically, and some say /b that b Rav Yosef taught /b in a i baraita /i : b What /b is the meaning of that b which is written: “You make darkness and it is night, in which all the beasts of the forest creep forth” /b (Psalms 104:20)? b “You make darkness and it is night”; this /b is referring to b this world, which resembles nighttime. “In which all the beasts of the forest creep forth”; these are the wicked in /b this world, b who resemble a beast of the forest, /b as the wicked have great influence in this world.,With regard to the World-to-Come, the verse states: b “The sun rises; they slink away and couch in their dens” /b (Psalms 104:22). b “The sun rises” for the righteous, /b and b “they slink away,” /b i.e., b the wicked /b go b to Gehenna. /b As for the phrase: b “And couch in their dens,” /b it is interpreted as follows: b You will not have a single righteous person who will not have his /b own b residence /b in the World-to-Come, as b befitting his dignity. /b With regard to the phrase: b “Man goes forth to his work,” /b it indicates that b the righteous go forth to receive their reward. /b Finally, the phrase: b “And to his labor until the evening” /b (Psalms 104:22), teaches that the verse is referring b to one who has completed his labor by the evening, /b i.e., before the evening of his lifetime, his death.,The Gemara relates a story that involves rising early. b Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, found a certain officer [ i parhagavna /i ] whose /b responsibility was to b arrest thieves. He said to /b the officer: b How are you able /b to arrest b them? Aren’t they likened to beasts, as it is written: /b “You make darkness and it is night, b in which all the beasts of the forest creep forth” /b (Psalms 104:20)? b There are /b those b who say that he said to him /b a proof b from this verse: “He lies in wait in a secret place as a lion in his lair, /b he lies in wait to catch the poor; he catches the poor when he draws him up in his net” (Psalms 10:9). Since the wicked are so devious, b perhaps you apprehend the righteous and leave the wicked /b alone?,The officer b said to him: But what should I do? It is the king’s edict [ i harmana /i ] /b that I must arrest thieves, and I am perform-ing my job to the best of my ability. Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, b said /b to him: b Come /b and b I will instruct you how you should do /b it. b At the fourth hour /b of the day b enter the tavern. When you see someone drinking wine, holding /b his b cup in his hand, and dozing, inquire about his /b background., b If he is a Torah scholar and is dozing, /b assume that he rose b early /b in the morning b for his studies. If he is /b a daytime b laborer, /b assume that he rose b early /b and b performed his work. And if his work is at night /b and no one heard him working, it is possible that this is because b he draws /b copper wires, which is a form of labor that does not produce noise. b And if /b he is b none /b of these, b he is a thief, and /b you should b arrest him, /b as it can be assumed that he was awake the previous night because he was stealing, and that is why he is now dozing off.,This b matter /b of the advice of Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, b was heard /b in b the king’s palace. /b The king’s ministers b said: Let the reader of the letter be its messenger [ i parvanka /i ], /b i.e., since Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, offered this advice, he should be the one to implement it. b They brought Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, /b to the authorities who appointed him to this task, b and he proceeded to arrest thieves. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa sent /b Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, the following message: You are b vinegar, son of wine, /b i.e., you are wicked in comparison to your father, the righteous Rabbi Shimon, just as vinegar is spoiled wine. b Until when will you inform on the nation of our God to /b be sentenced to b execution /b by a gentile king’s court?,Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, b sent /b a message back to b him: I am /b merely b eradicating thorns from the vineyard, /b i.e., I am removing the wicked from the Jewish people. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa b sent /b back b to him: Let the Owner of the vineyard, /b i.e., God, b come and eradicate His /b own b thorns. /b It is not your place to do this. The Gemara relates: b One day, a certain laundryman met /b Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, b and called him vinegar, son of wine. /b Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, b said: From /b the fact b that /b this man b acted so insolently /b by vilifying a Torah scholar, one can b conclude /b that b he is a wicked person. He told /b the authorities: b Arrest /b that man. b They arrested him /b and condemned him to death., b After his mind settled, /b i.e., when his anger abated, Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, regretted his hasty decision. b He went after /b the laundryman in order b to ransom him /b and save him from execution, b but he was unable /b to do so. b He read /b the verse b about him: “Whoever keeps his mouth and his tongue, keeps his soul from troubles” /b (Proverbs 21:23), i.e., had the laundryman not issued his derogatory comment he would have been spared this fate. Ultimately, b they hanged /b the laundryman. Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, b stood beneath the gallows and wept. /b Those who were present b said to him: Our teacher, let it not be bad in your eyes /b that you caused his death, as this laundryman was a wholly wicked person; you should know b that he and his son /b both b engaged in intercourse with a betrothed young woman on Yom Kippur. /b ,Upon hearing this, Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, b placed his hand upon /b his belly, over b his innards, /b and b said: Rejoice, my innards, rejoice! If your /b mere b suspicions are so /b accurate, b all the more so your certainties /b must be correct. If the condemnation of this man based upon the suspicions raised by his insolence proved to be correct, the identification of thieves in accordance with logical reasoning must certainly be accurate. b I am assured about you, /b my innards, b that worm and maggot will not affect you, /b which is a sign of a completely righteous person., b Nevertheless, his mind was not calmed. /b He decided to test himself. He arranged for people b to give him a sedative to drink, and they brought him into a house of marble, /b where surgeries were performed, b and cut /b open b his belly. They removed baskets /b upon b baskets of fat from it, placed them in the /b hot b sun in /b the summer months b of Tammuz and Av, and /b the fat b did not putrefy. /b In this manner, Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, received proof that his decisions were correct and that he was a wholly righteous individual.,The Gemara questions what the proof was: This is not sufficient proof, as b all fat /b that is not attached to flesh b does not putrefy. /b The Gemara answers: True, b all fat /b not attached to flesh b does not putrefy, /b but the b red veins /b within the fat b do putrefy. Here, /b by contrast, b although there were red veins /b in the fat, b they did not putrefy, /b which is a sign of his righteousness. Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, b read /b the verses b about himself: /b “I have set the Lord always before me…therefore my heart is glad, and my glory rejoices; b my flesh also dwells in safety” /b (Psalms 16:8–9).,The Gemara relates: b And a similar incident also occurred to Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, /b i.e., he too was appointed head officer. |
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42. Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 283| 152a. ושל בית הכסא רעות של סם ושל שחוק ושל פירות יפות,(קהלת יב, ג) ביום שיזועו שומרי הבית והתעותו וגו' ביום שיזועו שומרי הבית אלו הכסלים והצלעות והתעותו אנשי החיל אלו שוקים ובטלו הטוחנות אלו שינים וחשכו הרואות בארובות אלו עינים,א"ל קיסר לר' יהושע בן חנניה מ"ט לא אתית לבי אבידן א"ל טור תלג סחרוני גלידין כלבוהי לא נבחין טחנוהי לא טוחנין בי רב אמרי אדלא אבידנא בחישנא,תניא רבי יוסי בר קיסמא אומר טבא תרי מתלת ווי לה לחדא דאזלא ולא אתיא מאי היא א"ר חסדא ינקותא כי אתא רב דימי אמר ינקותא כלילא דוורדא סבותא כלילא דחילפא תנא משמיה דרבי מאיר דוק בככי ותשכח בניגרי שנאמר (ירמיהו מד, יז) ונשבע לחם ונהיה טובים ורעה לא ראינו א"ל שמואל לרב יהודה שיננא שרי שקיך ועייל לחמך עד ארבעין שנין מיכלא מעלי מכאן ואילך משתי מעלי,א"ל ההוא גוזאה לר' יהושע בן קרחה מהכא לקרחינא כמה הוי א"ל כמהכא לגוזניא א"ל צדוקי ברחא קרחא בארבעה אמר ליה עיקרא שליפא בתמניא,חזייה דלא סיים מסאניה א"ל דעל סוס מלך דעל חמור בן חורין ודמנעלי בריגלוהי בר איניש דלא הא ולא הא דחפיר וקביר טב מיניה א"ל גוזא גוזא תלת אמרת לי תלת שמעת הדרת פנים זקן שמחת לב אשה (תהלים קכז, ג) נחלת ה' בנים ברוך המקום שמנעך מכולם א"ל קרחא מצויינא אמר ליה עיקרא שליפא תוכחה,א"ל רבי לר' שמעון בן חלפתא מפני מה לא הקבלנו פניך ברגל כדרך שהקבילו אבותי לאבותיך א"ל סלעים נעשו גבוהים קרובים נעשו רחוקים משתים נעשו שלש משים שלום בבית בטל:,(קהלת יב, ד) וסגרו דלתים בשוק וגו' אלו נקביו של אדם בשפל קול הטחנה בשביל קורקבן שאינו טוחן ויקום לקול הצפור שאפילו צפור מנערתו משנתו וישחו כל בנות השיר שאפילו (קול שירים ושירות) דומות עליו כשוחה,ואף ברזילי הגלעדי אמר לדוד (שמואל ב יט, לו) בן שמנים שנה אנכי היום האדע בין טוב לרע מכאן שדעותן של זקנים משתנות אם יטעם עבדך את אשר אוכל ואת אשר אשתה מכאן ששפתותיהן של זקנים מתרפטות אם אשמע עוד בקול שרים ושרות מכאן שאזניהם של זקנים מתכבדות,אמר רב ברזילי הגלעדי שקרא הוה דההיא אמתא דהויא בי רבי בת תשעין ותרתין שנין והות טעמא קידרא רבא אמר ברזילי הגלעדי שטוף בזמה הוה וכל השטוף בזמה זקנה קופצת עליו תניא רבי ישמעאל ברבי יוסי אומר תלמידי חכמים כל זמן שמזקינין חכמה נתוספת בהם שנאמר (איוב יב, יב) בישישים חכמה ואורך ימים תבונה ועמי הארץ כל זמן שמזקינין טפשות נתוספת בהן שנאמר (איוב יב, כ) מסיר שפה לנאמנים וטעם זקנים יקח,גם מגבוה ייראו שאפילו גבשושית קטנה דומה עליו כהרי הרים וחתחתים בדרך בשעה שמהלך בדרך נעשו לו תוהים וינאץ השקד זו קליבוסת ויסתבל החגב אלו עגבות ותפר האביונה זו חמדה,רב כהנא הוה פסיק סידרא קמיה דרב כי מטא להאי קרא נגיד ואתנח אמר ש"מ בטל ליה חמדיה דרב אמר רב כהנא מאי דכתיב (תהלים לג, ט) כי הוא אמר ויהי זו אשה הוא צוה ויעמוד אלו בנים תנא אשה חמת מלא צואה ופיה מלא דם והכל רצין אחריה,(קהלת יב, ה) כי הולך האדם אל בית עולמו א"ר יצחק מלמד שכל צדיק וצדיק נותנין לו מדור לפי כבודו משל למלך שנכנס הוא ועבדיו לעיר כשהן נכנסין כולן בשער אחד נכנסין כשהן לנין כל אחד ואחד נותנין לו מדור לפי כבודו,ואמר רבי יצחק מאי דכתיב (קהלת יא, י) כי הילדות והשחרות הבל דברים שאדם עושה בילדותו משחירים פניו לעת זקנתו,ואמר רבי יצחק קשה רימה למת כמחט בבשר החי שנאמר (איוב יד, כב) אך בשרו עליו יכאב אמר רב חסדא נפשו של אדם מתאבלת עליו כל שבעה שנא' ונפשו עליו תאבל וכתיב (בראשית נ, י) ויעש לאביו אבל שבעת ימים,אמר רב יהודה מת שאין לו מנחמין הולכין י' בני אדם ויושבין במקומו ההוא דשכיב בשבבותיה דרב יהודה לא היו לו מנחמין | 152a. b and from /b pain in b the bathroom are bad /b for the eyes. Tears that come b from /b medicinal b drugs, and from laughter, and from /b sharp b produce are good /b for the eyes.,The Gemara continues to interpret verses from the Book of Ecclesiastes. The verse states: b “On the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, /b and the strong men b shall bow themselves, /b and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out the windows shall be dimmed” (Ecclesiastes 12:3). b “On the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble”; this /b is referring to b the flanks and ribs /b that surround and protect a person’s internal organs. b “And the strong men shall bow themselves”; these are the thighs, /b which support a person’s strength. b “And the grinders cease”; these are the teeth, /b which decay and fall out. b “And those that look out the windows shall be dimmed”; these are the eyes, /b which become dimmer.,The Gemara relates: The Roman b emperor said to Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya: What is the reason you did not come to the House of Avidan? /b This was a place in which dialogues and debates were conducted. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥaya b said to him /b enigmatically: b The snowy mountain is surrounded with ice, /b meaning that his hair had turned white; b his dogs do not bark, /b meaning that his voice could no longer be heard; b his grinders have ceased grinding, /b meaning that his teeth had fallen out. In b the school of Rav they say /b that he added: b I am searching for that which I have not lost, /b because an old man walks bent over and appears to be searching for something., b It was taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Yosei bar Kisma says: /b The b two /b feet of one’s youth b are better than the three /b of old age, when one walks with a cane. b Woe to the one who goes and does not come /b back. b What is this /b referring to? b Rav Ḥisda said: Youth. /b Similarly, b when Rav Dimi came /b from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia b he said: Youth is a crown of roses; old age is a crown of thorns. /b The Sage b taught in the name of Rabbi Meir: Grind /b food b with your teeth and /b you will b find in your feet /b the strength to carry your body, b as it is stated: “For we were sated with our bread and were well, and saw no evil” /b (Jeremiah 44:17). b Shmuel said to Rav Yehuda: Large-toothed one; untie your sack, /b that is, your mouth, b and insert your food. Until /b the age of b forty years, food is beneficial; from here and on, drinking is beneficial. /b ,Having quoted some aphorisms of the Sages, the Gemara relates the following conversation: b A certain eunuch /b who was an apostate b said /b the following b to Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa /b as a provocation: b How /b far is b it from here to Karḥina? /b The provocateur’s intention was to hint to the fact that Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa was bald [ i kere’aḥ /i ]. b He said to him: It is the same as /b the distance b from here to /b the mountains of b Gozen, /b hinting at the eunuch’s castration, which in Aramaic is i goza /i (Rav Ya’akov Emden). The apostate b said to him: A bald buck /b is sold b for four /b i dinar /i . b He said to him: A castrated goat [ i ikkara shelifa /i ] /b is sold b for eight. /b ,The apostate b saw that /b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa b was not wearing shoes. /b He b said to him: /b One who rides b on a horse /b is a b king. /b One who rides b on a donkey /b is b a free man. And one who wears shoes is /b at least b a human being. /b One who does b neither this nor that, /b someone b who is buried /b in the earth b is better than him. He said to him: Eunuch, eunuch, you said to me three things, /b and now b hear three /b things: b The glory of a face is the beard, the joy of the heart is a wife, /b and b “the portion of the Lord is children” /b (Psalms 127:3); b blessed is the Omnipresent who has denied you all of them, /b for a eunuch does not have a beard, a wife or children. b He said to him: /b Does b a bald man quarrel? He said to him: /b Does b a castrated male goat /b speak words of b rebuke? /b ,The Gemara again addresses old age: b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b said to Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta: For what /b reason b did we not greet you during the Festival the way that my fathers greeted your fathers? /b This was a polite way of asking Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta why he had not come to visit Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. He b said to him: /b Because I have grown old, and b the rocks /b on the road b have become tall, /b and destinations that are b near have become far away, /b and my b two /b feet b have been made into three /b with the addition of a cane, and b that which brings peace to the house, /b namely, the sexual drive which motivates a couple to make peace, b is no more. /b ,The Gemara continues to expound the verses of the final chapter of Ecclesiastes. The verse states: “And the doors shall be shut in the marketplace when the sound of the grinding is low, and one shall start up at the voice of a bird, and all the daughters of music shall be brought low” (Ecclesiastes 12:4). The Sages expounded: b “And the doors shall be shut in the marketplace”; these are a person’s orifices, /b which cease to function normally. The interpretation continues: b “When the sound of the grinding is low”; because the stomach is not grinding /b and digesting one’s food. b “And one shall start up at the voice of a bird”; /b because one is unable to sleep deeply such b that even a bird will wake him from his sleep. “And all the daughters of music shall be brought low”; /b this means b that even the voices of male and female singers will seem to him like /b mere b conversation, /b and he will no longer derive pleasure from song., b And even Barzilai the Gileadite said to David: “Today I am eighty years old, can I discern between good and bad? /b Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink? Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women?” (II Samuel 19:36). The Gemara explains: “Can I discern between good and bad”; b from here /b we derive b that the minds of the elderly change /b and they no longer discern properly. b “Can your servant taste what I eat or what I drink”; from here /b we derive b that the lips of the elderly crack and wither. “Can I hear any more the voice of singing men and singing women”; from here /b we derive b that the ears of the elderly become heavy. /b , b Rav said: Barzilai the Gileadite was a liar /b and he merely wanted to avoid joining David upon his return to Jerusalem, for an eighty-year old man is not usually this debilitated. b For there was a particular maidservant in the house of Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b who was ninety-two years old, and she would taste /b the food that was cooking b in the pots. Rava said: /b Barzilai was speaking the truth, but b Barzilai the Gileadite was steeped in promiscuity, and anyone who is steeped in promiscuity is overtaken by old age /b before his time. b It was taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, says: As Torah scholars grow older, wisdom is increased in them, as it is stated: “With aged men is wisdom; and length of days brings understanding” /b (Job 12:12). b And as ignoramuses grow older, foolishness is increased in them, as it is stated: “He removes the speech of men of trust and takes away the understanding of the aged” /b (Job 12:20).,The Gemara continues interpreting verses from Ecclesiastes. The verse states: “Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high and terrors shall be on the road, and the almond tree shall blossom, and the grasshopper shall drag itself along, and the caper berry shall fail, for a person goes to his eternal home, and the mourners circle the marketplace” (Ecclesiastes 12:5). The Gemara explains: b “Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high”; /b this means b that even a small knoll /b on the road b seems to him, /b the elderly, b like the highest of mountains. “And terrors shall be on the road”; /b this means b that while he is walking on the road he will have terrors, /b i.e., he will fear falling or otherwise suffering injury. b “And the almond tree shall blossom”; this is the hip bone /b that protrudes from the skin of an elderly person. b “And the grasshopper [ i ḥagav /i ] shall drag itself along [ i yistabbel /i ]”; /b by replacing the letter i ḥet /i of i ḥagav /i with an i ayin /i , b this /b can be understood as referring to the b buttocks [ i agavot /i ] /b which become heavy [ i sevel /i ]. b “And the caper berry shall fail”; this is /b sexual b desire /b that ceases.,The Gemara relates that b Rav Kahana was reading /b biblical b verses before Rav. When he got to this verse, /b Rav b sighed. /b Rav Kahana b said: /b We can b derive from this that Rav’s desire has ceased. Rav Kahana /b also b said: What is /b the meaning of b that which is written: /b “For He spoke and it was, He commanded and it stood” (Psalms 33:9)? He understands this to mean that God created man with desires that push him to do things he would not do if he acted purely on the judgment of his intellect, and Rav Kahana therefore interprets the verse in the following manner: b “For He spoke and it was”; this is a woman /b that a man marries. b “He commanded and it stood”; these are the children /b who one works hard to raise. A i tanna /i b taught /b in a i baraita /i : b A woman is /b essentially b a flask full of feces, /b a reference to the digestive system, b and her mouth is full of blood, /b a euphemistic reference to menstruation, yet men are not deterred b and they all run after her /b with desire.,The Gemara interprets the continuation of the verse cited above: b “For a person goes to his eternal home” /b (Ecclesiastes 12:5). b Rabbi Yitzḥak said: This teaches that each and every righteous person is given a dwelling place /b in the World-to-Come b in accordance with his honor. /b The Gemara offers b a parable /b in which b a king enters a city along with his servants. When they enter, they all enter through a single gate; /b however, b when they sleep, each one is given a dwelling place in accordance with his honor. /b So too, although everyone dies, not everyone receives the same reward in the World-to-Come., b And Rabbi Yitzḥak said: What is /b the meaning of b that which is written: “For childhood and youth [ i shaḥarut /i ] are vanity” /b (Ecclesiastes 11:10)? Sinful b things that a person does in his youth darken [ i mashḥirim /i ] his face /b with shame b as he grows old /b (Rabbi Yoshiya Pinto)., b And Rabbi Yitzḥak said: The maggots /b that eat the flesh of the deceased b are as painful to the dead as a needle in the flesh of the living, as it says /b with regard to the dead: b “But his flesh is in pain for him, /b and his soul mourns over him” (Job 14:22). b Rav Ḥisda said: A person’s soul mourns for him /b during b all seven days /b of mourning following his death, b as it is stated: And his soul mourns over him,” and it is /b also b written: “And he mourned his father seven days” /b (Genesis 50:10)., b Rav Yehuda said: /b In the case of b a deceased person who has no comforters, /b i.e., he has nobody to mourn for him, b ten people should go and sit in his place /b and accept condolences. The Gemara relates the story of b a certain person who died in Rav Yehuda’s neighborhood /b and b who did not have /b any b comforters, /b i.e., mourners; |
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43. Babylonian Talmud, Sukkah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 199| 39a. משה שפיר קאמרת אלא התם והכא אסוקי מילתא היא ולית לן בה אמר רבא לא לימא איניש יהא שמיה רבא והדר מברך אלא יהא שמיה רבא מברך בהדדי א"ל רב ספרא משה שפיר קאמרת אלא התם והכא אסוקי מילתא הוא ולית לן בה:,מקום שנהגו לכפול: תנא רבי כופל בה דברים רבי אלעזר בן פרטא מוסיף בה דברים מאי מוסיף אמר אביי מוסיף לכפול מאודך ולמטה:,לברך יברך: אמר אביי ל"ש אלא לאחריו אבל לפניו מצוה לברך דאמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל כל המצות כולן מברך עליהן עובר לעשייתן ומאי משמע דהאי עובר לישנא דאקדומי הוא דאמר רב נחמן בר יצחק דכתיב (שמואל ב יח, כג) וירץ אחימעץ דרך הככר ויעבור את הכושי אביי אמר מהכא (בראשית לג, ג) והוא עבר לפניהם ואיבעית אימא מהכא (מיכה ב, יג) ויעבור מלכם לפניהם וה' בראשם:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big הלוקח לולב מחבירו בשביעית נותן לו אתרוג במתנה לפי שאין רשאי ללוקחו בשביעית:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big לא רצה ליתן לו במתנה מהו אמר רב הונא מבליע ליה דמי אתרוג בלולב וליתיב ליה בהדיא,לפי שאין מוסרין דמי פירות שביעית לעם הארץ דתניא אין מוסרין דמי פירות שביעית לעם הארץ יותר ממזון שלש סעודות ואם מסר יאמר הרי מעות הללו יהו מחוללין על פירות שיש לי בתוך ביתי | 39a. You, who are as great in this generation as b Moses, did you speak well? /b It is not so; b rather, /b both b there and here, /b whether he recites it with or without pause, the latter part of the verse b is the conclusion of the matter, and we have no /b problem b with it, /b as it is clear that his intention is to recite the entire verse: “Blessed is one who comes in the name of the Lord.” b Rava said: Let a person not recite /b in the i kaddish /i prayer: b May His great name, and then, /b after pausing, recite: b Be blessed. Rather, /b let him recite without pause: b May His great name be blessed. Rav Safra said to /b Rava: You, who are as great in this generation as b Moses, did you speak well? /b It is not so, b rather, /b both b there and here, /b whether he recites it with or without pause, the latter part of the verse b is the conclusion of the matter, and we have no /b problem b with it. /b ,§ The mishna continues: b In a place where they were accustomed to repeat /b certain verses he too should repeat them. It was b taught /b in the i Tosefta /i : b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b repeats /b certain b matters in /b i hallel /i . b Rabbi Elazar ben Perata adds /b certain b matters in /b i hallel /i . The Gemara asks: b What /b does b he add? Abaye said: He continues repeating /b additional verses in i hallel /i , those b from: I will thank You, and onward /b until the end of the psalm, as is the custom even today.,§ The mishna continues: In a place where the custom is b to recite a blessing /b when reciting hallel, b he should recite a blessing. Abaye said: /b The Sages b taught /b that the obligation to recite a blessing is dependent on custom b only /b with regard to the blessing recited b after /b i hallel /i . b However, before /b i hallel /i , there is b a mitzva to recite a blessing, as Rav Yehuda said /b that b Shmuel said: /b With regard to b all /b the mitzvot, b one recites a blessing over them prior to [ i over /i ] their performance. /b The Gemara asks: b From where may it be inferred that /b the word b i over /i is the language of priority? /b It is b as Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said that it is written: “And Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain and overtook [ i vaya’avor /i ] the Cushite” /b (II Samuel 18:23). b Abaye said: /b It is derived b from here: “And he passed [ i avar /i ] before them” ( /b Genesis 33:3). b And if you wish, say /b instead that the proof is b from here: “And their king passed [ i vaya’avor /i ] before them and the Lord at their head” /b (Micah 2:13)., strong MISHNA: /strong In the case of b one who purchases a i lulav /i from another /b who is an i am ha’aretz /i b during the Sabbatical Year, /b the seller b gives him an i etrog /i /b along with it b as a gift, as he is not permitted to purchase /b the i etrog /i b during the Sabbatical Year /b because it is prohibited to engage in commerce with Sabbatical-Year produce., strong GEMARA: /strong The Gemara asks: If, the seller b did not want to give him /b the i etrog /i b as a gift, what is /b the i halakha /i ? How should the buyer purchase the i etrog /i ? b Rav Huna said: He incorporates the cost of the i etrog /i into /b the price of the b i lulav /i . /b He should purchase the i lulav /i at an inflated price to cover the cost of the i etrog /i as well. The Gemara asks: b And let /b the buyer b give /b the seller the money for the i etrog /i b directly; /b why employ artifice in the transaction?,The Gemara answers: That is necessary b because one may not transfer money /b used to purchase b Sabbatical-Year produce to an i am ha’aretz /i , /b lest he make improper use of money that has sanctity of the Sabbatical Year. b As it is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b One /b may b not transfer to an i am ha’aretz /i money /b used to purchase b Sabbatical-Year produce /b that is worth b more than /b the value of b food /b sufficient for b three meals. /b One may use money that has sanctity of the Sabbatical Year to purchase food for his personal use. If the money is sufficient for three meals, presumably the seller will use it in a permitted manner. b And if /b the buyer b transferred /b more money than that, b he /b should b say: This money is deconsecrated /b by my redeeming it in exchange for non-Sabbatical-Year b produce that I have in my house. /b |
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44. Babylonian Talmud, Taanit, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 170| 2b. אליה אלהים ויפתח את רחמה מפתח של תחיית המתים מנין דכתיב (יחזקאל לז, יג) וידעתם כי אני ה' בפתחי את קברותיכם,במערבא אמרי אף מפתח של פרנסה דכתיב (תהלים קמה, טז) פותח את ידך וגו' ור' יוחנן מאי טעמא לא קא חשיב להא אמר לך גשמים היינו פרנסה:,ר' אליעזר אומר מיום טוב הראשון של חג כו': איבעיא להו ר' אליעזר מהיכא גמיר לה מלולב גמר לה או מניסוך המים גמר לה,מלולב גמר לה מה לולב ביום אף הזכרה ביום או דלמא מניסוך המים גמר לה מה ניסוך המים מאורתא דאמר מר (במדבר כט, יח) ומנחתם ונסכיהם אפילו בלילה אף הזכרה מאורתא,תא שמע דאמר רבי אבהו לא למדה ר' אליעזר אלא מלולב איכא דאמרי ר' אבהו גמרא גמיר לה ואיכא דאמרי מתניתא שמיע ליה,מאי היא דתניא מאימתי מזכירין על הגשמים רבי אליעזר אומר משעת נטילת לולב ר' יהושע אומר משעת הנחתו,א"ר אליעזר הואיל וארבעת מינין הללו אינן באין אלא לרצות על המים וכשם שארבע מינין הללו אי אפשר בהם בלא מים כך אי אפשר לעולם בלא מים,אמר לו ר' יהושע והלא גשמים בחג אינו אלא סימן קללה אמר לו ר' אליעזר אף אני לא אמרתי לשאול אלא להזכיר וכשם שתחיית המתים מזכיר כל השנה כולה ואינה אלא בזמנה כך מזכירים גבורות גשמים כל השנה ואינן אלא בזמנן לפיכך אם בא להזכיר כל השנה כולה מזכיר רבי אומר אומר אני משעה שמפסיק לשאלה כך מפסיק להזכרה,ר' יהודה בן בתירה אומר בשני בחג הוא מזכיר ר' עקיבא אומר בששי בחג הוא מזכיר ר' יהודה משום ר' יהושע אומר העובר לפני התיבה ביום טוב האחרון של חג האחרון מזכיר הראשון אינו מזכיר ביום טוב ראשון של פסח הראשון מזכיר האחרון אינו מזכיר,שפיר קאמר ליה ר"א לרבי יהושע אמר לך רבי יהושע בשלמא תחיית המתים מזכיר דכולי יומא זמניה הוא,אלא גשמים כל אימת דאתיין זמנייהו היא והתנן יצא ניסן וירדו גשמים סימן קללה הם שנאמר (שמואל א יב, יז) הלא קציר חטים היום וגו',ר' יהודה בן בתירה אומר בשני בחג הוא מזכיר מ"ט דרבי יהודה בן בתירה דתניא רבי יהודה בן בתירה אומר,נאמר בשני (במדבר כט, ו) ונסכיהם ונאמר בששי ונסכיה ונאמר בשביעי כמשפטם,הרי מ"ם יו"ד מ"ם הרי כאן מים מכאן רמז לניסוך המים מן התורה,ומאי שנא בשני דנקט דכי רמיזי להו בקרא בשני הוא דרמיזי הלכך בשני מדכרינן,רבי עקיבא אומר בששי בחג הוא מזכיר שנאמר בששי ונסכיה בשני ניסוכין הכתוב מדבר אחד ניסוך המים ואחד ניסוך היין,ואימא תרוייהו דחמרא סבר לה כר' יהודה בן בתירה דאמר רמיזי מיא | 2b. b to her, and He opened her womb” /b (Genesis 30:22). b From where /b is it derived that b the key of the resurrection of the dead /b is maintained by God Himself? b As it is written: “And you shall know that I am the Lord when I have opened your graves” /b (Ezekiel 37:13)., b In the West, /b Eretz Yisrael, b they say: The key of livelihood /b is b also /b in God’s hand, b as it is written: “You open Your hand /b and satisfy every living thing with favor” (Psalms 145:16). The Gemara asks: b And what is the reason /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa did not consider this /b key of livelihood in his list? The Gemara answers that Rabbi Yoḥa could have b said to you: Rain is /b the same as b livelihood /b in this regard, as rain is indispensable to all livelihoods.,§ The mishna taught that b Rabbi Eliezer says: /b One mentions rain b from the first Festival day of the festival /b of i Sukkot /i b etc. A dilemma was raised before /b the Sages: b From where did Rabbi Eliezer derive this /b i halakha /i ? He must have learned it from one of the two mitzvot of i Sukkot /i that are linked to rain. Did he b derive it from /b the mitzva to wave the b i lulav /i , or /b did he b derive it from /b the obligation of b the water libation? /b ,The Gemara clarifies the significance of this dilemma: Did he b derive this /b i halakha /i b from /b the b i lulav /i , /b in which case one would say: b Just as /b the mitzva to take the b i lulav /i /b applies b during the day /b and not at night, b so too, /b the b mention /b of rain begins b during the day /b of the first Festival day of i Sukkot /i . b Or perhaps /b he b derives this /b i halakha /i b from the water libation, /b in which case one would say: b Just as the water libation /b can be prepared b from the /b first b night /b of i Sukkot /i , b as the Master said, /b with regard to the verse: b “And their meal-offerings and their libations” /b (Numbers 29:18), and certain meal-offerings and libations may be brought b even at night, so too, /b the b mention /b of rain begins b from the evening. /b ,The Gemara seeks to resolve this dilemma: b Come /b and b hear /b a resolution, b as Rabbi Abbahu said /b that b Rabbi Eliezer derived this /b i halakha /i b from nothing other /b than the case of b i lulav /i . Some say /b that b Rabbi Abbahu learned this /b claim b by /b way of a b tradition, /b which was the source of Rabbi Eliezer’s opinion; b and some say /b that b he learned it from a i baraita /i . /b ,The Gemara asks: b What is /b the i baraita /i from which Rabbi Abbahu may have derived his statement? The Gemara answers: b As it is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b From when does one /b begin to b mention the rains /b in his prayers? b Rabbi Eliezer says: From the time that one takes /b the b i lulav /i , /b i.e., the first day of i Sukkot /i . b Rabbi Yehoshua says: From the time that one puts /b the i lulav /i b down, /b i.e., at the conclusion of i Sukkot /i .,§ The i baraita /i cites a discussion of these opinions. b Rabbi Eliezer said: /b It is b since these four species, /b the i lulav /i and the other species taken with it, b come only to offer appeasement for water, /b as they symbolize the rainfall of the coming year. b And /b this symbolism is as follows: b Just as these four species cannot /b exist b without water, /b as they need water to grow, b so too, the world cannot /b exist b without water. /b Therefore, it is proper to mention rain in one’s prayers when taking the four species., b Rabbi Yehoshua said to him /b in response: b But rain during the festival /b of i Sukkot /i b is nothing other /b than b a sign of a curse. Rabbi Eliezer said to /b Rabbi Yehoshua: b I too did not say /b that it is proper b to ask /b for rain at this time, b but /b only b to mention /b it. And b just as /b with regard to b the resurrection of the dead, one mentions /b it b the entire year and /b yet b it /b will b come only at its /b proper b time, /b when God wills the resurrection, b so too, one mentions the might of the rains all the year, and they /b fall b only in their season. Therefore, if one seeks to mention /b rain b throughout the year, he /b may b mention it. Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b says: I say /b that b when one ceases to request /b rain, b one also ceases to mention /b it., b Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira says: On the second day of the festival /b of i Sukkot /i b one mentions /b rain, rather than on the first day. b Rabbi Akiva says: On the sixth day one mentions /b rain. b Rabbi Yehuda says in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua: /b With regard to b the one who passes before the ark /b as prayer leader b on the concluding Festival day of the festival /b of i Sukkot /i , the Eighth Day of Assembly, b the last /b prayer leader of the additional prayer b mentions /b rain, whereas b the first /b prayer leader for the morning prayer b does not /b mention rain. Conversely, b on the first Festival day of Passover, the first /b prayer leader b mentions /b rain, while b the last /b prayer leader b does not mention /b rain.,The Gemara asks: b Rabbi Eliezer is speaking well to Rabbi Yehoshua. /b How does Rabbi Yehoshua respond to Rabbi Eliezer’s powerful argument that one can mention God’s praises at any time of the year? The Gemara answers: b Rabbi Yehoshua /b could have b said to you: Granted, /b with regard to b the resurrection of the dead, one mentions /b this daily, b as /b although it is not fulfilled every day, b any day is /b fit to be b its proper time. /b , b However, /b in the case of b rain, /b are b all /b times b when it falls its proper time? But didn’t we learn /b in a mishna (12b): b If /b the month of b Nisan has ended and rains /b subsequently b fall, they are a sign of a curse, as it is stated: “Is not the wheat harvest today? /b I will call to the Lord that He may send thunder and rain, and you will know and see that your wickedness is great, which you have done in the sight of the Lord, in asking you a king” (I Samuel 12:17).,§ The i baraita /i states that b Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira says: On the second day of the festival /b of i Sukkot /i , b one /b begins to b mention /b rain. The Gemara asks: b What is the reason for /b this ruling of b Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira? /b The Gemara answers: b As it is taught, /b in a i baraita /i that deals with the source for the water libation on i Sukkot /i , that b Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira says: /b The Torah alludes to the water libation in its description of the libations of the additional offerings of i Sukkot /i . The Torah uses a slightly different term for the libations of certain days. On most days, it states that the sin-offering must be brought with “its libation [ i veniskah /i ]” (e.g., Numbers 29:16), in the singular form.,By contrast, b it is stated on the second day /b that one must offer b “their libations [ i veniskeihem /i ]” /b (Numbers 29:19). The plural form indicates the presence of multiple offerings. b And /b furthermore, b it is stated /b concerning the sin-offering libations b on the sixth day: “And its libations [ i unsakheha /i ]” /b (Numbers 29:31), which is again a plural form that is referring to many libations. b And /b finally, b it is stated, /b with regard to the libations of the additional offering b on the seventh day, /b that they must apportion the respective animals, i.e., oxen, rams, and sheep: b “According to their laws [ i kemishpatam /i ]” /b (Numbers 29:33), using another plural form which differs from the phrase used on the other Festival days: “According to the law [ i kamishpat /i ]” (e.g., Numbers 29:19), in the singular., b These /b variations yield the three superfluous letters b i mem /i , i yod /i , /b and b i mem /i , /b from i veniskeiheM /i , i unsakhEha /i , and i kemishpataM /i , b which /b together spell the Hebrew word for b water [ i MaYiM /i ]. /b The letter i yod /i is represented in i unsakhEha /i with the letter E and in i MaYiM /i with the letter Y. b From here /b one learns b an allusion to the /b mitzva of b the water libation in the Torah. /b ,The Gemara asks: b And what is different about the second /b day b that /b Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira b took /b it as the day on which one begins to mention rain? The Gemara answers: The reason is b that when the verse /b first b alludes /b to the water libation, b it is on the second /b day of i Sukkot /i b that it alludes /b to it (Numbers 29:19). b Therefore, on the second /b day one begins to b mention /b rain.,The i baraita /i stated that b Rabbi Akiva says: On the sixth day one /b begins to b mention /b rain. The Gemara explains that this ruling is based on the allusion to the water libation in the offering of this day. b As it is stated on the sixth day: “And its libations [ i unsakheha /i ]” /b (Numbers 29:31). The allusion is written in the plural, which indicates that b the verse is speaking of two libations: One /b is b the water libation and /b the other b one /b is b the /b standard b wine libation. /b ,The Gemara raises an objection: Even if it is accepted that the verse is referring to two libations, one can b say /b that b both /b libations are b of wine. /b The Gemara answers: Rabbi Akiva b holds in accordance with /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira, who said /b that the superfluous letters of these verses b allude /b to b water [ i mayim /i ]. /b This proves that the additional libation of the sixth day must be a water libation. |
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45. Babylonian Talmud, Menachot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 291 | 27a. b as “upon [ i al /i ] /b the wood” b is written, /b and not: Next to the wood., b When should you raise the dilemma? /b Raise it b according to /b the opinion b of the one who says /b in the mishna (96a) that the term b “upon [ i al /i ]” /b (see Numbers 2:20) means b adjacent to. /b According to that i tanna /i , b what /b is the i halakha /i in this case? Is it explained that b here, too, /b the phrase b “upon [ i al /i ] /b the wood” can mean b adjacent to /b the wood? b Or perhaps, /b the phrase “upon [ i al /i ] the wood that is on the fire upon the altar” teaches that b “upon the wood” /b is to be understood as b similar to “upon the altar”: Just as there “upon /b the altar” is meant b literally, so too here, /b the phrase b “upon /b the wood” is meant b literally. /b The Gemara comments: No answer was found, and the dilemma b shall stand /b unresolved., strong MISHNA: /strong With regard to b the handful, /b failure to sacrifice b the minority of it prevents the majority of it, /b which was sacrificed, from rendering it permitted for the priests to consume the remainder of the meal offering. With regard to b a tenth /b of an ephah of flour brought as a meal offering, failure to sacrifice b the minority of it prevents the majority of it, /b which was sacrificed, from qualifying as a proper meal offering. With regard to b the wine /b poured as a libation, failure to pour b the minority of it prevents the majority of it, /b which was poured, from qualifying as a proper libation. With regard to b the /b i log /i of b oil /b that is required for the meal offering, failure to add b the minority of it prevents the majority of it, /b which was added, from being a sufficient measure of oil.,With regard to b the fine flour and the oil, /b failure to bring b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b With regard to b the handful and the frankincense, /b failure to burn b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong b What is the reason /b that the failure to sacrifice the minority of the handful disqualifies the entire offering? This is derived from the fact that b the verse states “his handful” twice, /b once with regard to the voluntary meal offering (Leviticus 2:2) and once with regard to the meal offering of a sinner (Leviticus 5:12), and any i halakha /i repeated in the verses is deemed indispensable.,The mishna teaches: With regard to b a tenth /b of an ephah of flour brought as a meal offering, failure to sacrifice b the minority of it prevents the majority of it /b from qualifying as a proper meal offering. b What is the reason? The verse states: /b “The priest shall remove of it a handful b of its fine flour” /b (Leviticus 2:2). The usage of the term “of its fine flour” instead of: of the fine flour, teaches b that if any amount /b of its flour b was missing, /b it is b not valid. /b ,The mishna teaches: With regard to b the wine /b poured as a libation, failure to pour b the minority of it prevents the majority of it /b from qualifying as a proper libation. What is the reason? The verse states concerning the libations: b “So /b shall it be done” (Numbers 15:11). The term “so” indicates that the libations must be sacrificed exactly in the manner described, without any deviation.,The mishna teaches: With regard to b the /b i log /i of b oil /b that is required for the meal offering, failure to add b the minority of it prevents the majority of it /b from being a sufficient measure of oil. In the case of the oil b of the meal offering /b that accompanies the b libations, /b this i halakha /i is learned from the term: b “So” /b (Numbers 15:11), stated with regard to the libations. b And /b in the case of the i log /i of oil that accompanies b a voluntary meal offering, the verse states: “And of its oil” /b (Leviticus 2:2), demonstrating b that if any amount /b of its oil was b missing, /b it is b not valid. /b ,The mishna teaches: With regard to b the fine flour and the oil, /b failure to bring b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b The i halakha /i that each is indispensable is derived from the fact that the two are juxtaposed in the verse: “The priest shall remove of it a handful b of its fine flour and of its oil” /b (Leviticus 2:2), and the fact that this requirement is repeated in the verse: b “of its groats, and of its oil” /b (Leviticus 2:16), teaches that each is indispensable.,The mishna teaches: With regard to b the handful and the frankincense, /b failure to burn b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b The i halakha /i that each is indispensable is derived from the repetition of the mention of the two together in the verse, as it is written: “The priest shall remove of it a handful of its fine flour and of its oil, b as well as all of its frankincense” /b (Leviticus 2:2), and again with regard to the meal offering of a sinner it is stated: b “And all the frankincense which is upon the meal offering” /b (Leviticus 6:8)., strong MISHNA: /strong With regard to b the two goats of Yom Kippur, /b the absence of b each /b goat b prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b With regard to b the two sheep /b brought together with the meal offering of the two loaves on b i Shavuot /i , /b failure to bring b each /b of the sheep b prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b With regard to the b two loaves /b brought on i Shavuot /i , failure to bring b each /b of the loaves b prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b ,With regard to the b two arrangements /b of the shewbread, failure to place b each /b of the arrangements b prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b With regard to the b two bowls /b of frankincense that accompany the shewbread, failure to place b each /b of the bowls b prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b With regard to b the arrangements /b of the shewbread b and the bowls /b of frankincense, failure to bring b each /b of them b prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b ,With regard to the b two types /b of loaves b that /b accompany the offerings b of a nazirite: /b The bread and wafers (see Numbers 6:15); the b three /b species b that /b are part of the rite b of the /b red b heifer: /b The cedar, hyssop, and scarlet wool (see Numbers 19:6); b and /b the b four /b types of loaves b that /b accompany b the thanks offering: /b The loaves, wafers, loaves soaked in hot water, and leavened bread (see Leviticus 7:12); b and /b the b four /b species b of the i lulav /i : /b The i lulav /i , i etrog /i , myrtle, and willow (see Leviticus 23:40); b and /b the b four /b species b that are /b used b in /b the purification process of b the leper: /b The cedar, hyssop, scarlet wool, and birds (see Leviticus 14:4), failure to bring b each /b of the components b prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others. /b ,With regard to the b seven sprinklings /b of the blood b of the /b red b heifer /b that the priest sprinkles opposite the entrance to the Sanctuary (see Numbers 19:4), failure to sprinkle b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others. /b With regard to the b seven sprinklings /b of the blood of the bull and goat of Yom Kippur b that /b are sprinkled b on /b the Ark b between the staves /b (see Leviticus 16:14–15), the seven sprinklings b that /b are sprinkled b on the Curtain /b separating the Sanctuary and Holy of Holies, and the sprinklings b that /b are sprinkled b on the golden altar /b on Yom Kippur, and from all other inner sin offerings, failure to sprinkle b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong The mishna teaches: With regard to b the two goats of Yom Kippur, /b the absence of b each /b goat b prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b This is derived from the verse that states with regard to the Yom Kippur service: “And it shall be b a statute /b forever” (Leviticus 16:29), since wherever the term “statute” appears concerning a sacrificial rite, it signifies that the rite is an indispensable requirement.,The mishna teaches: With regard to b the two sheep /b brought together with the meal offering of the two loaves on b i Shavuot /i , /b failure to bring b each /b of the sheep b prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. /b This is derived from the verse: “They shall be holy” (Leviticus 23:20), since the employment of a term of b being /b indicates an indispensable requirement. Similarly, with regard to the b two loaves /b brought on i Shavuot /i , the reason failure to bring each of the loaves prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other is that the verse states: “They shall be of fine flour” (Leviticus 23:17), employing a term of b being. /b ,With regard to the b two arrangements /b of the shewbread, the reason failure to place each of the arrangements prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other is that the verse employs the term b statute /b concerning them (see Leviticus 24:9). With regard to the b two bowls /b of frankincense that accompany the shewbread, the reason failure to place each of the bowls prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other is that the verse employs the term b statute /b concerning them (see Leviticus 24:9). With regard to b the arrangements /b of the shewbread b and the bowls /b of frankincense, the reason failure to bring each of them prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the other is that the verse employs the term b statute /b concerning them, as that verse addresses each of these two components.,With regard to the b two types /b of loaves b that /b accompany the offerings b of a nazirite, /b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others, b as it is written /b with regard to the nazirite: b “So he must do /b after the law of his naziriteship” (Numbers 6:21), demonstrating that must bring his offerings precisely as detailed in the verse. With regard to the b three /b species b that /b are part of the rite b of the /b red b heifer, /b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others, since the term b statute /b is written about them: “This is the statute of the law” (Numbers 19:2).,With regard to the b four /b types of loaves b that /b accompany b the thanks offering, /b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others, b since /b the thanks offering b is juxtaposed to /b the offerings of b a nazirite, as it is written /b with regard to the thanks offering: b “With the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving” /b (Leviticus 7:13). b And the Master said: /b The term b “his peace offerings” /b serves b to include /b the loaves of b the peace offering of a nazirite, /b and it has already been demonstrated that with regard to the loaves that accompany the offerings of a nazirite, each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others., b And /b with regard to the b four /b species b that are in /b the purification process of b the leper, /b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others, b as it is written: “This shall be the law of the leper” /b (Leviticus 14:2), and the term “shall be” indicates an indispensable requirement. b And /b with regard to the b four /b species b of the i lulav /i , /b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others, as the verse states: b “And you shall take” [ i ulkaḥtem /i ]” /b (Leviticus 23:40), which alludes to: b A complete taking [ i lekiḥa tamma /i ], /b comprising all four species.,§ b Rav Ḥa bar Rava says: /b The mishna b taught /b that the four species of the i lulav /i are necessary for the fulfillment of the mitzva b only /b in a case b where one did not have /b all four species; b but /b if b one has /b all four species, failure to take each of the components b does not prevent /b fulfillment of the mitzva with the others, and he fulfills the mitzva by taking each species individually.,The Gemara b raises an objection /b from a i baraita /i : With regard to the b four species of the i lulav /i , two of them, /b the i lulav /i and i etrog /i , b produce fruit, and two of them, /b the myrtle and willow, b do not produce fruit. Those that produce fruit have a bond with those that do not produce fruit, and those that do not produce fruit have a bond with those that produce fruit. And a person does not fulfill his obligation /b of taking the i lulav /i b until they are all /b bound together b in a single bundle. /b , b And so too, /b when b the Jewish people /b fast and pray b for acceptance /b of their repentance, this is not accomplished b until they are all /b bound together b in a single bundle, as it is stated: “It is He that builds His upper chambers in the Heaven, and has established His bundle upon the earth” /b (Amos 9:6), which is interpreted as stating that only when the Jewish people are bound together are they established upon the earth. This i baraita /i contradicts Rav Ḥa bar Rava’s statement, since it teaches that the four species of the i lulav /i must be taken together in order for one to fulfill his obligation of taking the i lulav /i .,The Gemara answers: Whether the different species must be taken together b is /b a dispute between b i tanna’im /i ; as it is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b A i lulav /i , whether /b it is b bound /b with the myrtle and willow or b whether /b it is b not bound, /b is b fit. Rabbi Yehuda says: /b If it is b bound, /b it is b fit; /b if it is b not bound, /b it is b unfit. /b ,The Gemara asks: b What is the reasoning of Rabbi Yehuda? /b The Gemara answers: By means of a verbal analogy, he b derives /b the term b taking, /b written with regard to the four species, b from /b the term b taking /b written with regard to b the bundle of hyssop. /b It is written there, in the context of the sacrifice of the Paschal offering in Egypt: “Take a bundle of hyssop” (Exodus 12:22), and it is written here, with regard to the four species: “And you shall take for you on the first day the fruit of a beautiful tree, branches of a date palm, boughs of dense-leaved trees, and willows of the brook” (Leviticus 23:40)., b Just as there, /b with regard to the Paschal offering, the mitzva to take the hyssop is specifically b in a bundle, so too here, /b the mitzva to take the four species is specifically b in a bundle. /b The Gemara asks: b And /b what is the reasoning of b the Rabbis? /b The Gemara answers: b They do not derive /b the meaning of the term b taking /b from the meaning of the term b taking /b by means of the verbal analogy.,The Gemara asks: b In accordance with whose /b opinion b is that which is taught /b in a i baraita /i : There is b a mitzva to bind /b the myrtle and the willow together with the b i lulav /i , but if one did not bind it, /b it is b fit? In accordance with whose /b opinion is the i baraita /i ? b If /b it is b in accordance with /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yehuda, /b if b one did not bind it, why /b is it b fit? If /b it is in accordance with the opinion of b the Rabbis, what mitzva /b is one fulfilling by binding it?,The Gemara answers: b Actually, /b it is in accordance with the opinion of b the Rabbis. And what mitzva /b is one fulfilling? The mitzva is b due to /b the fact that it is stated: b “This is my God and I will beautify Him” /b (Exodus 15:2), which is interpreted to mean that one should beautify himself before God in the performance of the mitzvot. The Rabbis agree that although failure to bind the three species does not render them unfit for performing the mitzva, the performance of the mitzva is more beautiful when the i lulav /i is bound.,§ The mishna teaches: With regard to the b seven sprinklings /b of the blood b of the heifer /b that the priest sprinkles opposite the entrance to the Sanctuary, failure to sprinkle b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others, /b since the term b statute /b is written about them (see Numbers 19:2).,The mishna further teaches: With regard to the b seven sprinklings /b of the blood of the bull and goat of Yom Kippur b that /b are sprinkled b on /b the Ark b between the staves, and /b the sprinklings b that /b are sprinkled b on the golden altar /b on Yom Kippur, and the sprinklings from all other inner sin offerings that are sprinkled on the golden altar, b and /b the seven sprinklings b that /b are sprinkled b on the Curtain /b separating the Sanctuary and Holy of Holies, failure to sprinkle b each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others. /b With regard to the sprinklings b of Yom Kippur, /b the reason that each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others is that the term b “statute” is written /b about the Yom Kippur service (see Leviticus 16:29).,With regard to the sprinklings b of the bull of /b the b anointed priest, /b i.e., the High Priest, b and of the bull for an unwitting communal sin, and /b those b of the goats of idol worship, /b which are sprinkled on the Curtain and on the golden altar, the reason that each prevents fulfillment of the mitzva with the others is b as it is taught /b in a i baraita /i : The verse states with regard to the bull for an unwitting communal sin: b “So shall he do with the bull; as he did with the bull /b of the sin offering” of the anointed priest (Leviticus 4:20). b Why /b must b the verse state /b that the bull offering for an unwitting communal sin is sacrificed in the same manner as the bull of the anointed priest, when the Torah has already explicitly specified the manner in which the service should take place? The reason it states it is in order b to repeat /b the command b of the sprinklings, /b |
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| 46. Anon., Midrash Psalms, 102.3 (4th cent. CE - 9th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 287 |
47. Anon., Ruthrabbah, 3.4 Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 283| 3.4. דִּילָמָא רַבִּי חִיָּא רַבָּה וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן חֲלַפְתָּא הֲווֹ יָתְבִין לָעֲיִין בְּאוֹרָיְיתָא בַּהֲדֵין בֵּית מִדְרָשָׁא רַבָּא דִּטְבֶרְיָא בַּעֲרוּבַת פִּסְחָא, וְאִית דְּאָמְרֵי בַּעֲרוּבַת צוֹמָא רַבָּא, וּשְׁמַעֵי קָלְהוֹן דִּבְרִיָּיאתָא בָּיְיבִין, אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִילֵּין בְּרִיָּיתָא מָה עִסְקוֹן, אֲמַר דְּאִית לֵיהּ זָבַן וּדְלֵית לֵיהּ אָזֵיל לְגַבֵּי מָרֵי עֲבִדְתֵּיהּ וְהוּא יָהֵיב לֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִם כֵּן הוּא אַף אֲנָא אִיזֵיל גַּבֵּי מָרֵי עֲבִדְתִּי וְהוּא יָהֵב לִי, נְפַק וְצַלֵּי בַּהֲדָא אִילוּסִיס דִּטְבֶרְיָא, וַחֲזָא חַד יְדָא מוֹשְׁטָא לֵיהּ חֲדָא מַרְגָּלִיתָא, אֲזַל טָעִין גַּבֵּי רַבֵּנוּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ הָדָא מְנָא אִית לָךְ, הָדָא מִילָא דְאִיסְטוֹפִיטָא הִיא, אֶלָּא הֵא לָךְ תְּלָתָא דִינָרִין, וַאֲזֵל וַעֲבֵד לִיקָרָא דְיוֹמָא, וּבָתַר יוֹמָא טָבָא אֲנַן שָׁטְחִין קָלֵיהּ וּמַה דְּהוּא עָבֵיד טִימִיתַהּ תִּיסַב. נְסַב תְּלָתָא דִינָרִין וַאֲזֵיל זְבַן זְבוּנִין וְעָל לְבֵיתֵיהּ, אָמְרָה לֵיהּ דְּבִיתְהוּ שִׁמְעוֹן שָׁרֵית גָּנֵיב, כָּל פָּעֳלָךְ לֵית הִיא אֶלָּא מְאָה מָנֶה וְאִילֵין זְבִינָתָה מָה אִינוּן, מִיָּד תַּנֵּי לָהּ עוֹבָדָא. אָמְרָה לֵיהּ מַאי אַתְּ בָּעֵי תְּהֵי גְּנוּנָךְ חָסֵר מִן דְּחַבְרָךְ חֲדָא מַרְגָּלִיתָא לְעַלְמָא דְּאָתֵי. אֲמַר לָהּ וּמַה נַּעֲבֵד, אָמְרָה לֵיהּ זִיל תַּחֲזוֹר זְבִינָתָא לְמָרֵיהוֹן וְדִינָרַיָּא לְמָרֵיהוֹן וּמַרְגָּלִיתָא לְמָרָא. כַּד שָׁמַע רַבֵּינוּ מִצְטָעֵר, שְׁלַח וְאַיְתֵיתַהּ, אֲמַר לָהּ כָּל הָדֵין צַעְרָא צְעַרְתְּ לְהָדֵין צַדִיקָא. אָמְרָה לֵיהּ מָה אַתְּ בָּעֵי דִּיהֵא גְּנוּנֵיהּ חָסֵר מִדִּידְכוֹן חֲדָא מַרְגָּלִיתָא לְעַלְמָא דְּאָתֵי. אֲמַר לָהּ וְאִין הֲוָה חָסֵר לֵית בָּן מְמַלְּיָיה יָתֵיהּ. אָמְרָה לֵיהּ רַבִּי בַּהֲדֵין עַלְמָא זְכֵינַן מֶחֱמֵי אַפָּךְ, וְלֹא אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ כָּל צַדִּיק וְצַדִּיק יֵשׁ לוֹ מָדוֹר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, וְהוֹדָה לָהּ. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁדַּרְכָּן שֶׁל עֶלְיוֹנִים לִתֵּן וְאֵין דַּרְכָּן לִטֹּל, הַנֵּס הָאַחֲרוֹן קָשֶׁה מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן, מִנְסֵיב לֵיהּ הֲוָת יְדָא אַרְעֲיָא [למטה], וּמִי מוֹשְׁטָא לֵיהּ הֲוָה יְדָא עִילָּאָה, כְּאִינִישׁ דְּמוֹזֵיף לְחַבְרֵיהּ. | |
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| 48. Anon., Tanhuma, 72 Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 303 |
| 49. Anon., Pesiqta Derav Kahana (Alternative Parsha), 409 Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 291 |
| 50. Anon., Midrash Hagadol, 3.660-3.661 Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 297, 303 |
| 52. Anon., Pesiqta De Rav Kahana, 4.4, 26.1, 27.1, 27.3-27.4, 27.8-27.9 Tagged with subjects: •etrog, citron, Found in books: Rubenstein(1995), The History of Sukkot in the Second Temple and Rabbinic Periods, 99, 193, 283, 287, 291, 295, 297, 303 |
