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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database

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Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.


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All subjects (including unvalidated):
subject book bibliographic info
error Joosse (2021), Olympiodorus of Alexandria: Exegete, Teacher, Platonic Philosopher, 96, 97, 100, 103, 172, 173, 175
Merz and Tieleman (2012), Ambrosiaster's Political Theology, 172, 174
Rohmann (2016), Christianity, Book-Burning and Censorship in Late Antiquity, 38, 46, 51, 52, 59, 64, 71, 87, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, 120, 121, 138, 143, 165, 171, 172, 173, 174, 179, 189, 208, 214, 216, 218, 233, 274, 280, 283, 286, 287
Rupke (2016), Religious Deviance in the Roman World Superstition or Individuality?, 39
Tite (2009), Valentinian Ethics and Paraenetic Discourse: Determining the Social Function of Moral Exhortation in Valentinian Christianity, 161, 217, 221, 234, 237, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 254, 255, 256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 269, 280, 281, 282, 284, 288, 291, 296
Wolfsdorf (2020), Early Greek Ethics, 449, 451, 452
van der EIjk (2005), Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity: Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul, Health and Disease, 265
error, adam and eve, in geneology of Reed (2005), Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature. 52, 81, 89, 101, 110, 111, 115, 116, 166, 167, 179, 188, 220
error, and legal fault Wolfsdorf (2020), Early Greek Ethics, 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 144, 145
error, as disease Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 193
error, become ingrained Graver (2007), Stoicism and Emotion, 164, 165
error, calcidius, on origins of Graver (2007), Stoicism and Emotion, 155, 156
error, cicero, on origins of Graver (2007), Stoicism and Emotion, 159, 160, 161, 163, 247
error, cleanthes, on Graver (2007), Stoicism and Emotion, 150
error, constructed out of and paganism, Sider (2001), Christian and Pagan in the Roman Empire: The Witness of Tertullian, 67
error, documentation of human Bosak-Schroeder (2020), Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography, 21, 22
error, emotions, source of intellectual Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 14, 15
error, entity Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 16, 102, 141
error, fear, source of Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 95, 106
error, female proclivity for Ashbrook Harvey et al. (2015), A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer, 160
error, femaleness, as prone to Ashbrook Harvey et al. (2015), A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer, 160
error, for gadara, galilee, as Keddie (2019), Class and Power in Roman Palestine: The Socioeconomic Setting of Judaism and Christian Origins, 33
error, fundamental attribution Marincola et al. (2021), Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones and Calum Maciver, Greek Notions of the Past in the Archaic and Classical Eras: History Without Historians, 122, 123
error, human Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 379, 380
error, human nature, prevalence of Graver (2007), Stoicism and Emotion, 51, 150
error, imagination, phantasia, φαντασία‎, and d'Hoine and Martijn (2017), All From One: A Guide to Proclus, 200
error, in pharmacology van der EIjk (2005), Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity: Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul, Health and Disease, 286
error, in seneca, philosophy of Williams and Vol (2022), Philosophy in Ovid, Ovid as Philosopher, 326, 327, 328
error, intellectualism, and Wolfsdorf (2020), Early Greek Ethics, 449, 451
error, lucian, on making grammatical Johnson and Parker (2009), ?Ancient Literacies: The Culture of Reading in Greece and Rome, 99
error, medical Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 276
error, moral van der EIjk (2005), Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity: Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul, Health and Disease, 66, 67
error, or ignorance, reading, in Pandey (2018), The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome, 18, 20, 23, 61, 62, 70, 72, 75, 77, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 146, 154, 200, 205, 208, 218, 231, 232, 253
error, or improvement, space, alteration of by human Bosak-Schroeder (2020), Other Natures: Environmental Encounters with Ancient Greek Ethnography, 21
error, origins of Graver (2007), Stoicism and Emotion, 154, 155
error, ovid Williams and Vol (2022), Philosophy in Ovid, Ovid as Philosopher, 42, 282, 283, 308, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330
error, ovid, philosophy of Williams and Vol (2022), Philosophy in Ovid, Ovid as Philosopher, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330
error, plato, on causes of Graver (2007), Stoicism and Emotion, 150
error, posidonius, on origins of Graver (2007), Stoicism and Emotion, 154, 155, 247
error, priests, in Davies (2004), Rome's Religious History: Livy, Tacitus and Ammianus on their Gods, 68, 69, 70, 73, 254
error, primal Graf and Johnston (2007), Ritual texts for the afterlife: Orpheus and the Bacchic Gold Tablets, 85, 86
error, ritual Davies (2004), Rome's Religious History: Livy, Tacitus and Ammianus on their Gods, 66, 67, 82, 111, 119, 137, 205, 256
Stavrianopoulou (2006), Ritual and Communication in the Graeco-Roman World, 277
error, scribal Herman, Rubenstein (2018), The Aggada of the Bavli and Its Cultural World. 33, 82, 289, 350
Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 53, 65, 66, 86, 101, 106, 108, 109, 125, 148, 170, 180, 181, 187, 189
error, scribal traditions, medieval Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 83
error, seneca, on origins of Graver (2007), Stoicism and Emotion, 247
error, spirit, of Garcia (2021), On Human Nature in Early Judaism: Creation, Composition, and Condition, 179, 180
error, spirits, of Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 194, 417, 420, 421, 423
error, through epistemic arrogance Wolfsdorf (2020), Early Greek Ethics, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30
error, traditions and scribal practices, qumran Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 41, 83, 106, 107, 134, 135, 136, 178, 180
error, value as source, origins of Graver (2007), Stoicism and Emotion, 235, 237
error, vestals, and human Davies (2004), Rome's Religious History: Livy, Tacitus and Ammianus on their Gods, 66, 76, 92
errors, azariah dei rossi, on rabbinic Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 765
errors, clement of alexandria, reduction of diverse heresies to common Boulluec (2022), The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369
errors, copying Allen and Dunne (2022), Ancient Readers and their Scriptures: Engaging the Hebrew Bible in Early Judaism and Christianity, 66, 115, 116, 126, 199
errors, during sacrifice, rituals, ritual Eidinow and Driediger-Murphy (2019), Esther Eidinow, Ancient Divination and Experience, 190
errors, gods, as purifiers of moral van der EIjk (2005), Medicine and Philosophy in Classical Antiquity: Doctors and Philosophers on Nature, Soul, Health and Disease, 65, 71
errors, in account of maccabees, malalas Bickerman and Tropper (2007), Studies in Jewish and Christian History, 466, 467, 468
errors, in citation Culík-Baird (2022), Cicero and the Early Latin Poets, 75, 163
errors, in inscriptions Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 12, 118, 122, 125, 126
errors, of metre Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022), Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity, 486
errors, of the stars, jesus, on the Scopello (2008), The Gospel of Judas in Context: Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Gospel of Judas, 345, 346
errors, ritual Rupke (2016), Religious Deviance in the Roman World Superstition or Individuality?, 15
errors, scribes Czajkowski et al. (2020), Vitruvian Man: Rome under Construction, 67, 68, 425
errors, students Hirshman (2009), The Stabilization of Rabbinic Culture, 100 C, 92
errors, teachers Hirshman (2009), The Stabilization of Rabbinic Culture, 100 C, 8, 84, 91, 92, 95, 114
errors, translation Damm (2018), Religions and Education in Antiquity, 178, 179, 180, 190
errors, translators Bickerman and Tropper (2007), Studies in Jewish and Christian History, 331, 359, 412, 420, 421, 465, 588, 589
“errors”, in inscriptions, latin language, Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 757, 758

List of validated texts:
9 validated results for "error"
1. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 21.11-21.12, 21.14, 29.18 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Error • Exegesis, heresy as erroneous exegesis • Scribal error • Scribal error, traditions and practices, Qumran • Translators Errors

 Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007), Studies in Jewish and Christian History, 588; Boulluec (2022), The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries, 488; Rohmann (2016), Christianity, Book-Burning and Censorship in Late Antiquity, 218; Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 109, 180

sup>
21.11 וְרָאִיתָ בַּשִּׁבְיָה אֵשֶׁת יְפַת־תֹּאַר וְחָשַׁקְתָּ בָהּ וְלָקַחְתָּ לְךָ לְאִשָּׁה׃ 21.12 וַהֲבֵאתָהּ אֶל־תּוֹךְ בֵּיתֶךָ וְגִלְּחָה אֶת־רֹאשָׁהּ וְעָשְׂתָה אֶת־צִפָּרְנֶיהָ׃
21.14
וְהָיָה אִם־לֹא חָפַצְתָּ בָּהּ וְשִׁלַּחְתָּהּ לְנַפְשָׁהּ וּמָכֹר לֹא־תִמְכְּרֶנָּה בַּכָּסֶף לֹא־תִתְעַמֵּר בָּהּ תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר עִנִּיתָהּ׃
29.18
וְהָיָה בְּשָׁמְעוֹ אֶת־דִּבְרֵי הָאָלָה הַזֹּאת וְהִתְבָּרֵךְ בִּלְבָבוֹ לֵאמֹר שָׁלוֹם יִהְיֶה־לִּי כִּי בִּשְׁרִרוּת לִבִּי אֵלֵךְ לְמַעַן סְפוֹת הָרָוָה אֶת־הַצְּמֵאָה׃'' None
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21.11 and seest among the captives a woman of goodly form, and thou hast a desire unto her, and wouldest take her to thee to wife; 21.12 then thou shalt bring her home to thy house; and she shall shave her head, and pare her nails;
21.14
And it shall be, if thou have no delight in her, then thou shalt let her go whither she will; but thou shalt not sell her at all for money, thou shalt not deal with her as a slave, because thou hast humbled her.
29.18
and it come to pass, when he heareth the words of this curse, that he bless himself in his heart, saying: ‘I shall have peace, though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart—that the watered be swept away with the dry’;'' None
2. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 19.18 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Scribal error • Spirits, of Error

 Found in books: Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 108, 109; Stuckenbruck (2007), 1 Enoch 91-108, 417

sup>
19.18 לֹא־תִקֹּם וְלֹא־תִטֹּר אֶת־בְּנֵי עַמֶּךָ וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ אֲנִי יְהוָה׃'' None
sup>
19.18 Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.'' None
3. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 15.878 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Ovid, error • Ovid, philosophy of error • Seneca, philosophy of error in • reading, in error or ignorance

 Found in books: Pandey (2018), The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome, 132, 205; Williams and Vol (2022), Philosophy in Ovid, Ovid as Philosopher, 326

sup>
15.878 ore legar populi, perque omnia saecula fama,'' None
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15.878 after the ancient mode, and then he said,'' None
4. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Ovid, error • Ovid, philosophy of error • reading, in error or ignorance

 Found in books: Pandey (2018), The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome, 23; Williams and Vol (2022), Philosophy in Ovid, Ovid as Philosopher, 308, 329

5. New Testament, 1 Thessalonians, 5.21 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Error • Exegesis, heresy as erroneous exegesis

 Found in books: Boulluec (2022), The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries, 485, 486, 487, 488, 533, 534; Rohmann (2016), Christianity, Book-Burning and Censorship in Late Antiquity, 286

sup>
5.21 πάντα δὲ δοκιμάζετε, τὸ καλὸν κατέχετε,'' None
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5.21 Test all things, and hold firmly that which is good. '' None
6. New Testament, 1 Timothy, 4.3 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Exegesis, heresy as erroneous exegesis • doctrine, erroneous

 Found in books: Boulluec (2022), The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries, 533; Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 570

sup>
4.3 κωλυόντων γαμεῖν, ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων ἃ ὁ θεὸς ἔκτισεν εἰς μετάλημψιν μετὰ εὐχαριστίας τοῖς πιστοῖς καὶ ἐπεγνωκόσι τὴν ἀλήθειαν.'' None
sup>
4.3 forbidding marriage and commanding to abstain from foods which God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth. '' None
7. New Testament, Romans, 1.18, 1.25 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Error • Idolatry, Error

 Found in books: Rogers (2016), God and the Idols: Representations of God in 1 Corinthians 8-10. 204, 212; Rohmann (2016), Christianity, Book-Burning and Censorship in Late Antiquity, 52, 59

sup>
1.18 Ἀποκαλύπτεται γὰρ ὀργὴ θεοῦ ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν καὶ ἀδικίαν ἀνθρώπων τῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐν ἀδικίᾳ κατεχόντων,
1.25
οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει, καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας· ἀμήν.'' None
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1.18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness,
1.25
who exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen. '' None
8. New Testament, Matthew, 18.20, 19.6 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Clement of Alexandria, reduction of diverse heresies to common errors • Error • Scribal error, traditions and practices, Qumran • Scribal error, traditions, medieval

 Found in books: Boulluec (2022), The Notion of Heresy in Greek Literature in the Second and Third Centuries, 352, 353, 362, 363; Schiffman (1983), Testimony and the Penal Code, 83; Tite (2009), Valentinian Ethics and Paraenetic Discourse: Determining the Social Function of Moral Exhortation in Valentinian Christianity, 260

sup>
18.20 οὗ γάρ εἰσιν δύο ἢ τρεῖς συνηγμένοι εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄνομα, ἐκεῖ εἰμὶ ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν.
19.6
ὥστε οὐκέτι εἰσὶν δύο ἀλλὰ σὰρξ μία· ὃ οὖν ὁ θεὸς συνέζευξεν ἄνθρωπος μὴ χωριζέτω.'' None
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18.20 For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there I am in the midst of them."
19.6
So that they are no more two, but one flesh. What therefore God has joined together, don\'t let man tear apart."'' None
9. Justin, First Apology, 54 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Adam and Eve, in geneology of error • and paganism, ; error constructed out of

 Found in books: Reed (2005), Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature. 166; Sider (2001), Christian and Pagan in the Roman Empire: The Witness of Tertullian, 67

sup>
54 But those who hand down the myths which the poets have made, adduce no proof to the youths who learn them; and we proceed to demonstrate that they have been uttered by the influence of the wicked demons, to deceive and lead astray the human race. For having heard it proclaimed through the prophets that the Christ was to come, and that the ungodly among men were to be punished by fire, they put forward many to be called sons of Jupiter, under the impression that they would be able to produce in men the idea that the things which were said with regard to Christ were mere marvellous tales, like the things which were said by the poets. And these things were said both among the Greeks and among all nations where they the demons heard the prophets foretelling that Christ would specially be believed in; but that in hearing what was said by the prophets they did not accurately understand it, but imitated what was said of our Christ, like men who are in error, we will make plain. The prophet Moses, then, was, as we have already said, older than all writers; and by him, as we have also said before, it was thus predicted: There shall not fail a prince from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until He come for whom it is reserved; and He shall be the desire of the Gentiles, binding His foal to the vine, washing His robe in the blood of the grape. Genesis 49:10 The devils, accordingly, when they heard these prophetic words, said that Bacchus was the son of Jupiter, and gave out that he was the discoverer of the vine, and they number wine or, the ass among his mysteries; and they taught that, having been torn in pieces, he ascended into heaven. And because in the prophecy of Moses it had not been expressly intimated whether He who was to come was the Son of God, and whether He would, riding on the foal, remain on earth or ascend into heaven, and because the name of foal could mean either the foal of an ass or the foal of a horse, they, not knowing whether He who was foretold would bring the foal of an ass or of a horse as the sign of His coming, nor whether He was the Son of God, as we said above, or of man, gave out that Bellerophon, a man born of man, himself ascended to heaven on his horse Pegasus. And when they heard it said by the other prophet Isaiah, that He should be born of a virgin, and by His own means ascend into heaven, they pretended that Perseus was spoken of. And when they knew what was said, as has been cited above, in the prophecies written aforetime, Strong as a giant to run his course, they said that Hercules was strong, and had journeyed over the whole earth. And when, again, they learned that it had been foretold that He should heal every sickness, and raise the dead, they produced Æsculapius. '' None



Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.