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131 results for "epidauros"

1. Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes, 569, 588, 590 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 672

590. τοιαῦθʼ ὁ μάντις ἀσπίδʼ εὐκήλως ἔχων

590. So the seer spoke as untroubled he held his all-bronze shield. No symbol was fixed to his shield’s circle. For he does not wish to appear the bravest, but to be the bravest, as he harvests the fruit of his mind’s deep furrow, where his careful resolutions grow.

2. Pindar, Olympian Odes, 6.13, 6.17 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, overshadowing of trikka asklepieion •trikka asklepieion, overshadowed by epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 672

3. Aristophanes, The Women Celebrating The Thesmophoria, 284-285 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 222

285. τὸ πόπανον, ὅπως λαβοῦσα θύσω τοῖν θεοῖν.

4. Plato, Phaedo, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, thesauros Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 263

118a. ὁ δ’ οὐκ ἔφη. ΦΑΙΔ. καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο αὖθις τὰς κνήμας: καὶ ἐπανιὼν οὕτως ἡμῖν ἐπεδείκνυτο ὅτι ψύχοιτό τε καὶ πήγνυτο. καὶ αὐτὸς ἥπτετο καὶ εἶπεν ὅτι, ἐπειδὰν πρὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ γένηται αὐτῷ, τότε οἰχήσεται. unit="para"/ ἤδη οὖν σχεδόν τι αὐτοῦ ἦν τὰ περὶ τὸ ἦτρον ψυχόμενα, καὶ ἐκκαλυψάμενος — ἐνεκεκάλυπτο γάρ — εἶπεν — ὃ δὴ τελευταῖον ἐφθέγξατο — ὦ Κρίτων , ἔφη, τῷ Ἀσκληπιῷ ὀφείλομεν ἀλεκτρυόνα: ἀλλὰ ἀπόδοτε καὶ μὴ ἀμελήσητε. ἀλλὰ ταῦτα, ἔφη, ἔσται, ὁ Κρίτων : ἀλλ᾽ ὅρα εἴ τι ἄλλο λέγεις. ταῦτα ἐρομένου αὐτοῦ οὐδὲν ἔτι ἀπεκρίνατο, ἀλλ’ ὀλίγον χρόνον διαλιπὼν ἐκινήθη τε καὶ ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐξεκάλυψεν αὐτόν, καὶ ὃς τὰ ὄμματα ἔστησεν: ἰδὼν δὲ ὁ Κρίτων συνέλαβε τὸ στόμα καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς. ἥδε ἡ τελευτή, ὦ Ἐχέκρατες , τοῦ ἑταίρου ἡμῖν ἐγένετο, ἀνδρός, ὡς ἡμεῖς φαῖμεν ἄν, τῶν τότε ὧν ἐπειράθημεν ἀρίστου καὶ ἄλλως φρονιμωτάτου καὶ δικαιοτάτου.

118a. his thighs; and passing upwards in this way he showed us that he was growing cold and rigid. And again he touched him and said that when it reached his heart, he would be gone. The chill had now reached the region about the groin, and uncovering his face, which had been covered, he said—and these were his last words— Crito, we owe a cock to Aesculapius. Pay it and do not neglect it. That, said Crito, shall be done; but see if you have anything else to say. To this question he made no reply, but after a little while he moved; the attendant uncovered him; his eyes were fixed. And Crito when he saw it, closed his mouth and eyes.Such was the end, Echecrates, of our friend, who was, as we may say, of all those of his time whom we have known, the best and wisest and most righteous man.

5. Herodotus, Histories, 2.44, 4.172, 8.134 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieion, epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation Found in books: Ekroth (2013), The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period, 226; Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 11

2.44. Moreover, wishing to get clear information about this matter where it was possible so to do, I took ship for Tyre in Phoenicia , where I had learned by inquiry that there was a holy temple of Heracles. ,There I saw it, richly equipped with many other offerings, besides two pillars, one of refined gold, one of emerald: a great pillar that shone at night; and in conversation with the priests, I asked how long it was since their temple was built. ,I found that their account did not tally with the belief of the Greeks, either; for they said that the temple of the god was founded when Tyre first became a city, and that was two thousand three hundred years ago. At Tyre I saw yet another temple of the so-called Thasian Heracles. ,Then I went to Thasos , too, where I found a temple of Heracles built by the Phoenicians, who made a settlement there when they voyaged in search of Europe ; now they did so as much as five generations before the birth of Heracles the son of Amphitryon in Hellas . ,Therefore, what I have discovered by inquiry plainly shows that Heracles is an ancient god. And furthermore, those Greeks, I think, are most in the right, who have established and practise two worships of Heracles, sacrificing to one Heracles as to an immortal, and calling him the Olympian, but to the other bringing offerings as to a dead hero. 4.172. Next west of these Auschisae is the populous country of the Nasamones, who in summer leave their flocks by the sea and go up to the land called Augila to gather dates from the palm-trees that grow there in great abundance and all bear fruit. They hunt locusts, which they dry in the sun, and after grinding sprinkle them into milk and drink it. ,It is their custom for every man to have many wives; their intercourse with women is promiscuous, as among the Massagetae; a staff is placed before the dwelling, and then they have intercourse. When a man of the Nasamones weds, on the first night the bride must by custom lie with each of the whole company in turn; and each man after intercourse gives her whatever gift he has brought from his house. ,As for their manner of swearing and divination, they lay their hands on the graves of the men reputed to have been the most just and good among them, and by these men they swear; their practice of divination is to go to the tombs of their ancestors, where after making prayers they lie down to sleep, and take for oracles whatever dreams come to them. ,They give and receive pledges by each drinking from the hand of the other party; and if they have nothing liquid, they take the dust of the earth and lick it up. 8.134. This man Mys is known to have gone to Lebadea and to have bribed a man of the country to go down into the cave of Trophonius and to have gone to the place of divination at Abae in Phocis. He went first to Thebes where he inquired of Ismenian Apollo (sacrifice is there the way of divination, as at Olympia), and moreover he bribed one who was no Theban but a stranger to lie down to sleep in the shrine of Amphiaraus. ,No Theban may seek a prophecy there, for Amphiaraus bade them by an oracle to choose which of the two they wanted and forgo the other, and take him either for their prophet or for their ally. They chose that he should be their ally. Therefore no Theban may lie down to sleep in that place.

6. Thucydides, The History of The Peloponnesian War, 4.56.2 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 180

4.56.2. ἐκ δὲ αὐτῶν περιέπλευσαν ἐς Ἐπίδαυρον τὴν Λιμηράν, καὶ δῃώσαντες μέρος τι τῆς γῆς ἀφικνοῦνται ἐπὶ Θυρέαν, ἥ ἐστι μὲν τῆς Κυνουρίας γῆς καλουμένης, μεθορία δὲ τῆς Ἀργείας καὶ Λακωνικῆς: νεμόμενοι δὲ αὐτὴν ἔδοσαν Λακεδαιμόνιοι Αἰγινήταις ἐκπεσοῦσιν ἐνοικεῖν διά τε τὰς ὑπὸ τὸν σεισμὸν σφίσι γενομένας καὶ τῶν Εἱλώτων τὴν ἐπανάστασιν εὐεργεσίας καὶ ὅτι Ἀθηναίων ὑπακούοντες ὅμως πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνων γνώμην αἰεὶ ἕστασαν.

4.56.2. From thence they sailed round to the Limeran Epidaurus, ravaged part of the country, and so came to Thyrea in the Cynurian territory, upon the Argive and Laconian border. This district had been given by its Lacedaemonian owners to the expelled Aeginetans to inhabit, in return for their good offices at the time of the earthquake and the rising of the Helots; and also because, although subjects of Athens , they had always sided with Lacedaemon .

7. Aristophanes, Wasps, 121-123 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 11, 208

123. νύκτωρ κατέκλινεν αὐτὸν εἰς ̓Ασκληπιοῦ,

8. Aristophanes, The Rich Man, 408, 411, 620-621, 662, 701-703, 716-736, 741, 740 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 135

740. τὸν δεσπότην τ' ἤγειρον. ὁ θεὸς δ' εὐθέως

9. Hyperides, Pro Euxenippo, 14-18 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 391

10. Lycophron, Alexandra, 1047-1052, 1054-1055, 1053 (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 307

1053. ὅταν κατικμαίνοντες Ἀλθαίνου ῥοαῖς

11. Herodas, Mimes, 2.97, 4.11-4.16, 4.79-4.85 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, tholos •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, isyllos hymn •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, thesauros •epidauros asklepieion, presence of zakoroi •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 178, 203, 228, 263

12. Cicero, On Divination, 2.143 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, apollo maleatas cult and sanctuary •epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation •epidauros asklepieion, lex sacra for preliminary offerings and sacrifices •epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 172

2.143. Dicitur quidam, cum in somnis complexu Venerio iungeretur, calculos eiecisse. Video sympathian; visum est enim tale obiectum dormienti, ut id, quod evenit, naturae vis, non opinio erroris effecerit. Quae igitur natura obtulit illam speciem Simonidi, a qua vetaretur navigare? aut quid naturae copulatum habuit Alcibiadis quod scribitur somnium? qui paulo ante interitum visus est in somnis amicae esse amictus amiculo. Is cum esset proiectus inhumatus ab omnibusque desertus iaceret, amica corpus eius texit suo pallio. Ergo hoc inerat in rebus futuris et causas naturalis habebat, an, et ut videretur et ut eveniret, casus effecit?

2.143. A person, it is said, while dreaming of coition, ejected gravel. In this case I can see a relation between the dream and the result; for the vision presented to the sleeper was such as to make it clear that what happened was due to natural causes and not to the delusion. But by what law of nature did Simonides receive that vision which forbade him to sail? or what was the connexion between the laws of nature and the dream of Alcibiades in which according to history, shortly before his death, he seemed to be enveloped in the cloak of his mistress? Later, when his body had been cast out and was lying unburied and universally neglected, his mistress covered it with her mantle. Then do you say that this dream was united by some natural tie with the fate that befell Alcibiades, or did chance cause both the apparition and the subsequent event? [70]

13. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 15.622-15.744 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 182

15.622. Pandite nunc, Musae, praesentia numina vatum 15.623. (scitis enim, nec vos fallit spatiosa vetustas,) 15.624. unde Coroniden circumflua Thybridis alti 15.625. insula Romuleae sacris adiecerit urbis. 15.626. Dira lues quondam Latias vitiaverat auras, 15.627. pallidaque exsangui squalebant corpora morbo. 15.628. Funeribus fessi postquam mortalia cernunt 15.629. temptamenta nihil, nihil artes posse medentum, 15.630. auxilium caeleste petunt mediamque tenentes 15.631. orbis humum Delphos adeunt, oracula Phoebi, 15.632. utque salutifera miseris succurrere rebus 15.633. sorte velit tantaeque urbis mala finiat, orant: 15.634. et locus et laurus et, quas habet ipse, pharetras 15.635. intremuere simul, cortinaque reddidit imo 15.636. hanc adyto vocem pavefactaque pectora movit: 15.637. “Quod petis hinc, propiore loco, Romane, petisses, 15.638. et pete nunc propiore loco! nec Apolline vobis, 15.639. qui minuat luctus, opus est, sed Apolline nato. 15.640. Ite bonis avibus prolemque accersite nostram!” 15.641. Iussa dei prudens postquam accepere senatus, 15.642. quam colat, explorant, iuvenis Phoebeius urbem, 15.643. quique petant ventis Epidauria litora mittunt. 15.644. Quae simul incurva missi tetigere carina, 15.645. concilium Graiosque patres adiere, darentque, 15.646. oravere, deum, qui praesens funera gentis 15.647. finiat Ausoniae: certas ita dicere sortes. 15.648. Dissidet et variat sententia, parsque negandum 15.649. non putat auxilium, multi retinere suamque 15.650. non emittere opem nec numina tradere suadent: 15.651. dum dubitant, seram pepulere crepuscula lucem, 15.652. umbraque telluris tenebras induxerat orbi, 15.653. cum deus in somnis opifer consistere visus 15.654. ante tuum, Romane, torum, sed qualis in aede 15.655. esse solet, baculumque tenens agreste sinistra 15.656. caesariem longae dextra deducere barbae 15.657. et placido tales emittere pectore voces: 15.658. “Pone metus! Veniam simulacraque nostra relinquam. 15.659. Hunc modo serpentem, baculum qui nexibus ambit, 15.660. perspice et usque nota visu, ut cognoscere possis! 15.661. Vertar in hunc, sed maior ero tantusque videbor, 15.662. in quantum verti caelestia corpora debent.” 15.663. Extemplo cum voce deus, cum voce deoque 15.664. somnus abit, somnique fugam lux alma secuta est. 15.665. Postera sidereos aurora fugaverat ignes: 15.666. incerti, quid agant, proceres ad templa petiti 15.667. perveniunt operosa dei, quaque ipse morari 15.668. sede velit, signis caelestibus indicet, orant. 15.669. Vix bene desierant, cum cristis aureus altis 15.670. in serpente deus praenuntia sibila misit 15.671. adventuque suo signumque arasque foresque 15.672. marmoreumque solum fastigiaque aurea movit 15.673. pectoribusque tenus media sublimis in aede 15.674. constitit atque oculos circumtulit igne micantes. 15.675. Territa turba pavet. Cognovit numina castos 15.676. evinctus vitta crines albente sacerdos: 15.677. “En deus est deus est! Animis linguisque favete, 15.678. quisquis ades!” dixit. “Sis, o pulcherrime, visus 15.679. utiliter populosque iuves tua sacra colentes !” 15.680. Quisquis adest, visum venerantur numen, et omnes 15.681. verba sacerdotis referunt geminata piumque 15.682. Aeneadae praestant et mente et voce favorem. 15.683. Adnuit his motisque deus rata pignora cristis 15.684. et repetita dedit vibrata sibila lingua. 15.685. Tum gradibus nitidis delabitur oraque retro 15.686. flectit et antiquas abiturus respicit aras 15.687. adsuetasque domos habitataque templa salutat. 15.688. Inde per iniectis adopertam floribus ingens 15.689. serpit humum flectitque sinus mediamque per urbem 15.690. tendit ad incurvo munitos aggere portus. 15.691. Restitit hic agmenque suum turbaeque sequentis 15.692. officium placido visus dimittere vultu 15.693. corpus in Ausonia posuit rate: numinis illa 15.694. sensit onus, pressa estque dei gravitate carina; 15.695. Aeneadae gaudent caesoque in litore tauro 15.696. torta coronatae solvunt retinacula navis. 15.697. Impulerat levis aura ratem: deus eminet alte, 15.698. impositaque premens puppim cervice recurvam 15.699. caeruleas despectat aquas modicisque per aequor 15.700. Ionium zephyris sextae Pallantidos ortu 15.701. Italiam tenuit praeterque Lacinia templo 15.702. nobilitata deae Scylaceaque litora fertur; 15.703. linquit Iapygiam laevisque Amphrisia remis 15.704. saxa fugit, dextra praerupta Celennia parte, 15.705. Romethiumque legit Caulonaque Naryciamque, 15.706. evincitque fretum Siculique angusta Pelori 15.707. Hippotadaeque domos regis Temesesque metalla, 15.708. Leucosiamque petit tepidique rosaria Paesti. 15.709. Inde legit Capreas promunturiumque Minervae 15.710. et Surrentino generosos palmite colles 15.711. Herculeamque urbem Stabiasque et in otia natam 15.712. Parthenopen et ab hac Cumaeae templa Sibyllae. 15.713. Hinc calidi fontes lentisciferumque tenetur 15.714. Liternum multamque trahens sub gurgite harenam 15.715. Volturnus niveisque frequens Sinuessa columbis 15.716. Minturnaeque graves et quam tumulavit alumnus 15.717. Antiphataeque domus Trachasque obsessa palude 15.718. et tellus Circaea et spissi litoris Antium. 15.719. Huc ubi veliferam nautae advertere carinam 15.720. (asper enim iam pontus erat), deus explicat orbes 15.721. perque sinus crebros et magna volumina labens 15.722. templa parentis init flavum tangentia litus. 15.723. Aequore placato patrias Epidaurius aras 15.724. linquit et hospitio iuncti sibi numinis usus 15.725. litoream tractu squamae crepitantis harenam 15.726. sulcat et innixus moderamine navis in alta 15.727. puppe caput posuit, donec Castrumque sacrasque 15.728. Lavini sedes Tiberinaque ad ostia venit. 15.729. Huc omnis populi passim matrumque patrumque 15.730. obvia turba ruit, quaeque ignes, Troica, servant, 15.731. Vesta, tuos, laetoque deum clamore salutant. 15.732. Quaque per adversas navis cita ducitur undas, 15.733. tura super ripas aris ex ordine factis 15.734. parte ab utraque sot et odorant aera fumis, 15.735. ictaque coniectos incalfacit hostia cultros. 15.736. Iamque caput rerum, Romanam intraverat urbem: 15.737. erigitur serpens summoque acclinia malo 15.738. colla movet sedesque sibi circumspicit aptas. 15.739. Scinditur in geminas partes circumfluus amnis 15.740. (Insula nomen habet), laterumque a parte duorum 15.741. porrigit aequales media tellure lacertos. 15.742. Huc se de Latia pinu Phoebeius anguis 15.743. contulit et finem, specie caeleste resumpta, 15.744. luctibus imposuit venitque salutifer urbi.

14. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 5.62-5.63 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 605

5.62. 1. In Castabus, on the Cherronesus, there is a temple which is sacred to Hemithea, and there is no reason why we should omit to mention the strange occurrence which befell this goddess. Now many and various accounts have been handed down regarding her, but we shall recount that which has prevailed and is in accord with what the natives relate. To Staphylus and Chrysothemis were born three daughters, Molpadia, Rhoeo, and Parthenos by name. Apollo lay with Rhoeo and brought her with child; and her father, believing that her seduction was due to a man, was angered, and in his anger he shut up his daughter in a chest and cast her into the sea.,2. But the chest was washed up upon Delos, where she gave birth to a male child and called the babe Anius. And Rhoeo, who had been saved from death in this unexpected manner, laid the babe upon the altar of Apollo and prayed to the god to save its life if it was his child. Thereupon Apollo, the myth relates, concealed the child for the time, but afterwards he gave thought to its rearing, instructed it in divination, and conferred upon it certain great honours.,3. And the other sisters of the maiden who had been seduced, namely, Molpadia and Parthenos, while watching their father's wine, a drink which had only recently been discovered among men, fell asleep; and while they were asleep some swine which they were keeping entered in and broke the jar which contained the wine and so destroyed the wine. And the maidens, when they learned what had happened, in fear of their father's severity fled to the edge of the sea and hurled themselves down from some lofty rocks.,4. But Apollo, because of his affection for their sister, rescued the maidens and established them in the cities of the Cherronesus. The one named Parthenos, as the god brought it to pass, enjoyed honours and a sacred precinct in Bubastus of the Cherronesus, while Molpadia, who came to Castabus, was given the name Hemithea, because the god had appeared to men, and she was honoured by all who dwelt in the Cherronesus.,5. And in sacrifices which are held in her honour a mixture of honey and milk is used in the libations, because of the experience which she had had in connection with the wine, while anyone who has touched a hog or eaten of its flesh is not permitted to draw near to the sacred precinct. 5.63. 1. In later times the temple of Hemithea enjoyed so great a development that not only was it held in special honour by the inhabitants of the place and of neighbouring regions, but even peoples from afar came to it in their devotion and honoured it with costly sacrifices and notable dedications. And most important of all, when the Persians were the domit power in Asia and were plundering all the temples of the Greeks, the precinct of Hemithea was the sole shrine on which they did not lay hands, and the robbers who were pillaging everything they met left this shrine alone entirely unplundered, and this they did despite the fact that it was unwalled and the pillaging of it would have entailed no danger.,2. And the reason which men advance for its continued development is the benefactions which the goddess confers upon all mankind alike; for she appears in visible shape in their sleep to those who are in suffering and gives them healing, and many who are in the grip of diseases for which no remedy is known are restored to health; furthermore, to women who are suffering in childbirth the goddess gives relief from the agony and perils of travail.,3. Consequently, since many have been saved in these ways from most ancient times, the sacred precinct is filled with votive offerings, nor are these protected by guards or by a strong wall, but by the habitual reverence of the people.

15. Vitruvius Pollio, On Architecture, 1.2.7 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, bathing Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 162

16. Livy, Per., 11 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 182

17. Livy, History, 10.47.6-10.47.7 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 182

18. Suetonius, Vespasianus, 7.2-7.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 221

19. New Testament, 2 Timothy, 1 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, apollo maleatas cult and sanctuary Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 533

20. Artemidorus, Oneirocritica, 5.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, thesauros Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 263

21. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 29.2.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, presence of zakoroi •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 229

22. Tacitus, Histories, 4.81, 4.84.5 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •epidauros asklepieion, temple of egyptian gods •hygieia, at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 221, 344

4.81. During the months while Vespasian was waiting at Alexandria for the regular season of the summer winds and a settled sea, many marvels continued to mark the favour of heaven and a certain partiality of the gods toward him. One of the common people of Alexandria, well known for his loss of sight, threw himself before Vespasian's knees, praying him with groans to cure his blindness, being so directed by the god Serapis, whom this most superstitious of nations worships before all others; and he besought the emperor to deign to moisten his cheeks and eyes with his spittle. Another, whose hand was useless, prompted by the same god, begged Caesar to step and trample on it. Vespasian at first ridiculed these appeals and treated them with scorn; then, when the men persisted, he began at one moment to fear the discredit of failure, at another to be inspired with hopes of success by the appeals of the suppliants and the flattery of his courtiers: finally, he directed the physicians to give their opinion as to whether such blindness and infirmity could be overcome by human aid. Their reply treated the two cases differently: they said that in the first the power of sight had not been completely eaten away and it would return if the obstacles were removed; in the other, the joints had slipped and become displaced, but they could be restored if a healing pressure were applied to them. Such perhaps was the wish of the gods, and it might be that the emperor had been chosen for this divine service; in any case, if a cure were obtained, the glory would be Caesar's, but in the event of failure, ridicule would fall only on the poor suppliants. So Vespasian, believing that his good fortune was capable of anything and that nothing was any longer incredible, with a smiling countece, and amid intense excitement on the part of the bystanders, did as he was asked to do. The hand was instantly restored to use, and the day again shone for the blind man. Both facts are told by eye-witnesses even now when falsehood brings no reward.

23. Clement of Alexandria, Miscellanies, 4.22, 5.1, 13.3, 142.3 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan nan nan

24. Aelian, Nature of Animals, 8.12, 9.33 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sacred animals (greek), dogs at epidauros asklepieion •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, apollo maleatas cult and sanctuary •epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation •epidauros asklepieion, lex sacra for preliminary offerings and sacrifices •epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, presence of zakoroi •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, abaton/incubation stoa •troizen asklepieion, testimony about worshiper urged to incubate at epidauros Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 11, 124, 168, 172, 216, 227, 228, 229

25. Galen, On My [His] Own Books, 2 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, carian dedication to asklepios in epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, regular clientele and distinguished visitors •epidauros asklepieion, visit of hadrian •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •hadrian, visit to epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 120

26. Galen, On The Powers of Simple Remedies, 11.1 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 122

27. Aelius Aristides, Orations, 38.21, 39.3, 42.7, 42.11, 47.13, 47.57, 48.10, 48.34-48.35, 49.12, 49.15, 49.21-49.23, 50.16-50.17, 50.39-50.41, 50.64, 51.18, 51.48-51.53, 52.1 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 169, 170, 173, 175, 181, 202, 217, 218, 224, 227, 228, 533, 684

28. Apuleius, The Golden Ass, 11.22.2 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, temple of egyptian gods Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 367

29. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1.34.2-1.34.5, 2.2.8, 2.10.2-2.10.3, 2.11.7, 2.26.8-2.26.9, 2.27.1-2.27.6, 2.28.1, 2.32.2, 2.38.6, 3.12.5, 3.23.6-3.23.7, 3.26.1, 4.14.7-4.14.8, 4.30.3, 7.27.11, 8.26.6, 9.19.4, 9.39.11, 10.32.12-10.32.13, 10.33.11 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, overshadowing of trikka asklepieion •trikka asklepieion, overshadowed by epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, hypnos and oneiros •hypnos/somnus, at epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, thesauros •epidauros asklepieion, lex sacra for preliminary offerings and sacrifices •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation •epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, epidoteion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, telesphoros •athens asklepieion, offshoot from epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •epidauros asklepieion, apollo maleatas cult and sanctuary •epidauros asklepieion, building e and incubation •epidauros asklepieion, abaton/incubation stoa •epidauros asklepieion, temple of egyptian gods •hygieia, at epidauros asklepieion •sacred animals (greek), dogs at epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, hermodikos of lampsakos epigram •epidauros asklepieion, machaon and podalirios as healers at epidauros •machaon, at epidauros asklepieion •troizen asklepieion, testimony about worshiper urged to incubate at epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, benches in incubation stoa •epidauros asklepieion, isyllos hymn •epidauros asklepieion, water channels and fountains •epidauros asklepieion, sacred bath/bath of asklepios Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 10, 16, 127, 150, 165, 168, 172, 178, 179, 180, 181, 208, 216, 254, 262, 307, 344, 367, 562, 672, 680, 684, 687

1.34.2. λέγεται δὲ Ἀμφιαράῳ φεύγοντι ἐκ Θηβῶν διαστῆναι τὴν γῆν καὶ ὡς αὐτὸν ὁμοῦ καὶ τὸ ἅρμα ὑπεδέξατο· πλὴν οὐ ταύτῃ συμβῆναί φασιν, ἀλλά ἐστιν ἐκ Θηβῶν ἰοῦσιν ἐς Χαλκίδα Ἅρμα καλούμενον. θεὸν δὲ Ἀμφιάραον πρώτοις Ὠρωπίοις κατέστη νομίζειν, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ οἱ πάντες Ἕλληνες ἥγηνται. καταλέξαι δὲ καὶ ἄλλους ἔχω γενομένους τότε ἀνθρώπους, οἳ θεῶν παρʼ Ἕλλησι τιμὰς ἔχουσι, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἀνάκεινται πόλεις, Ἐλεοῦς ἐν Χερρονήσῳ Πρωτεσιλάῳ, Λεβάδεια Βοιωτῶν Τροφωνίῳ· καὶ Ὠρωπίοις ναός τέ ἐστιν Ἀμφιαράου καὶ ἄγαλμα λευκοῦ λίθου. 1.34.3. παρέχεται δὲ ὁ βωμὸς μέρη· τὸ μὲν Ἡρακλέους καὶ Διὸς καὶ Ἀπόλλωνός ἐστι Παιῶνος, τὸ δὲ ἥρωσι καὶ ἡρώων ἀνεῖται γυναιξί, τρίτον δὲ Ἑστίας καὶ Ἑρμοῦ καὶ Ἀμφιαράου καὶ τῶν παίδων Ἀμφιλόχου· Ἀλκμαίων δὲ διὰ τὸ ἐς Ἐριφύλην ἔργον οὔτε ἐν Ἀμφιαράου τινά, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ παρὰ τῷ Ἀμφιλόχῳ τιμὴν ἔχει. τετάρτη δέ ἐστι τοῦ βωμοῦ μοῖρα Ἀφροδίτης καὶ Πανακείας, ἔτι δὲ Ἰασοῦς καὶ Ὑγείας καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς Παιωνίας· πέμπτη δὲ πεποίηται νύμφαις καὶ Πανὶ καὶ ποταμοῖς Ἀχελῴῳ καὶ Κηφισῷ. τῷ δὲ Ἀμφιλόχῳ καὶ παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ πόλει βωμὸς καὶ Κιλικίας ἐν Μαλλῷ μαντεῖον ἀψευδέστατον τῶν ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ. 1.34.4. ἔστι δὲ Ὠρωπίοις πηγὴ πλησίον τοῦ ναοῦ, ἣν Ἀμφιαράου καλοῦσιν, οὔτε θύοντες οὐδὲν ἐς αὐτὴν οὔτʼ ἐπὶ καθαρσίοις ἢ χέρνιβι χρῆσθαι νομίζοντες· νόσου δὲ ἀκεσθείσης ἀνδρὶ μαντεύματος γενομένου καθέστηκεν ἄργυρον ἀφεῖναι καὶ χρυσὸν ἐπίσημον ἐς τὴν πηγήν, ταύτῃ γὰρ ἀνελθεῖν τὸν Ἀμφιάραον λέγουσιν ἤδη θεόν. Ἰοφῶν δὲ Κνώσσιος τῶν ἐξηγητῶν χρησμοὺς ἐν ἑξαμέτρῳ παρείχετο, Ἀμφιάραον χρῆσαι φάμενος τοῖς ἐς Θήβας σταλεῖσιν Ἀργείων. ταῦτα τὰ ἔπη τὸ ἐς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐπαγωγὸν ἀκρατῶς εἶχε· χωρὶς δὲ πλὴν ὅσους ἐξ Ἀπόλλωνος μανῆναι λέγουσι τὸ ἀρχαῖον, μάντεών γʼ οὐδεὶς χρησμολόγος ἦν, ἀγαθοὶ δὲ ὀνείρατα ἐξηγήσασθαι καὶ διαγνῶναι πτήσεις ὀρνίθων καὶ σπλάγχνα ἱερείων. 1.34.5. δοκῶ δὲ Ἀμφιάραον ὀνειράτων διακρίσει μάλιστα προ ς κεῖσθαι· δῆλος δέ, ἡνίκα ἐνομίσθη θεός, διʼ ὀνειράτων μαντικὴν καταστησάμενος. καὶ πρῶτον μὲν καθήρασθαι νομίζουσιν ὅστις ἦλθεν Ἀμφιαράῳ χρησόμενος· ἔστι δὲ καθάρσιον τῷ θεῷ θύειν, θύουσι δὲ καὶ αὐτῷ καὶ πᾶσιν ὅσοις ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ τὰ ὀνόματα· προεξειργασμένων δὲ τούτων κριὸν θύσαντες καὶ τὸ δέρμα ὑποστρωσάμενοι καθεύδουσιν ἀναμένοντες δήλωσιν ὀνείρατος. 2.2.8. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Τύχης ναός· ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν Παρίου λίθου· παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν θεοῖς πᾶσίν ἐστιν ἱερόν. πλησίον δὲ ᾠκοδόμηται κρήνη, καὶ Ποσειδῶν ἐπʼ αὐτῇ χαλκοῦς καὶ δελφὶς ὑπὸ τοῖς ποσίν ἐστι τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἀφιεὶς ὕδωρ. καὶ Ἀπόλλων ἐπίκλησιν Κλάριος χαλκοῦς ἐστι καὶ ἄγαλμα Ἀφροδίτης Ἑρμογένους Κυθηρίου ποιήσαντος. Ἑρμοῦ τέ ἐστιν ἀγάλματα χαλκοῦ μὲν καὶ ὀρθὰ ἀμφότερα, τῷ δὲ ἑτέρῳ καὶ ναὸς πεποίηται. τὰ δὲ τοῦ Διός, καὶ ταῦτα ὄντα ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ, τὸ μὲν ἐπίκλησιν οὐκ εἶχε, τὸν δὲ αὐτῶν Χθόνιον καὶ τὸν τρίτον καλοῦσιν Ὕψιστον. 2.10.2. ἐντεῦθέν ἐστιν ὁδὸς ἐς ἱερὸν Ἀσκληπιοῦ. παρελθοῦσι δὲ ἐς τὸν περίβολον ἐν ἀριστερᾷ διπλοῦν ἐστιν οἴκημα· κεῖται δὲ Ὕπνος ἐν τῷ προτέρῳ, καί οἱ πλὴν τῆς κεφαλῆς ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἔτι λείπεται. τὸ ἐνδοτέρω δὲ Ἀπόλλωνι ἀνεῖται Καρνείῳ, καὶ ἐς αὐτὸ οὐκ ἔστι πλὴν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἔσοδος. κεῖται δὲ ἐν τῇ στοᾷ κήτους ὀστοῦν θαλασσίου μεγέθει μέγα καὶ μετʼ αὐτὸ ἄγαλμα Ὀνείρου καὶ Ὕπνος κατακοιμίζων λέοντα, Ἐπιδώτης δὲ ἐπίκλησιν. ἐς δὲ τὸ Ἀσκληπιεῖον ἐσιοῦσι καθʼ ἕτερον τῆς ἐσόδου τῇ μὲν Πανὸς καθήμενον ἄγαλμά ἐστι, τῇ δὲ Ἄρτεμις ἕστηκεν. 2.10.3. ἐσελθοῦσι δὲ ὁ θεός ἐστιν οὐκ ἔχων γένεια, χρυσοῦ καὶ ἐλέφαντος, Καλάμιδος δὲ ἔργον· ἔχει δὲ καὶ σκῆπτρον καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἑτέρας χειρὸς πίτυος καρπὸν τῆς ἡμέρου. φασὶ δέ σφισιν ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου κομισθῆναι τὸν θεὸν ἐπὶ ζεύγους ἡμιόνων δράκοντι εἰκασμένον, τὴν δὲ ἀγαγοῦσαν Νικαγόραν εἶναι Σικυωνίαν Ἀγασικλέους μητέρα, γυναῖκα δὲ Ἐχετίμου. ἐνταῦθα ἀγάλματά ἐστιν οὐ μεγάλα ἀπηρτημένα τοῦ ὀρόφου· τὴν δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ δράκοντι Ἀριστοδάμαν Ἀράτου μητέρα εἶναι λέγουσι καὶ Ἄρατον Ἀσκληπιοῦ παῖδα εἶναι νομίζουσιν. 2.11.7. τῷ δὲ Ἀλεξάνορι καὶ Εὐαμερίωνι—καὶ γὰρ τούτοις ἀγάλματά ἐστι—τῷ μὲν ὡς ἥρωι μετὰ ἥλιον δύναντα ἐναγίζουσιν, Εὐαμερίωνι δὲ ὡς θεῷ θύουσιν. εἰ δὲ ὀρθῶς εἰκάζω, τὸν Εὐαμερίωνα τοῦτον Περγαμηνοὶ Τελεσφόρον ἐκ μαντεύματος, Ἐπιδαύριοι δὲ Ἄκεσιν ὀνομάζουσι. τῆς δὲ Κορωνίδος ἔστι μὲν καὶ ταύτης ξόανον, καθίδρυται δὲ οὐδαμοῦ τοῦ ναοῦ· θυομένων δὲ τῷ θεῷ ταύρου καὶ ἀρνὸς καὶ ὑὸς ἐς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν τὴν Κορωνίδα μετενεγκόντες ἐνταῦθα τιμῶσιν. ὁπόσα δὲ τῶν θυομένων καθαγίζουσιν, οὐδὲ ἀποχρᾷ σφισιν ἐκτέμνειν τοὺς μηρούς· χαμαὶ δὲ καίουσι πλὴν τοὺς ὄρνιθας, τούτους δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ. 2.26.8. μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι καὶ τόδε ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ τὸν θεὸν γενέσθαι· τὰ γὰρ Ἀσκληπιεῖα εὑρίσκω τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα γεγονότα ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου. τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι, τῆς τελετῆς λέγοντες Ἀσκληπιῷ μεταδοῦναι, τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην Ἐπιδαύρια ὀνομάζουσι καὶ θεὸν ἀπʼ ἐκείνου φασὶν Ἀσκληπιόν σφισι νομισθῆναι· τοῦτο δὲ Ἀρχίας ὁ Ἀρισταίχμου, τὸ συμβὰν σπάσμα θηρεύοντί οἱ περὶ τὸν Πίνδασον ἰαθεὶς ἐν τῇ Ἐπιδαυρίᾳ, τὸν θεὸν ἐπηγάγετο ἐς Πέργαμον. 2.26.9. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Περγαμηνῶν Σμυρναίοις γέγονεν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Ἀσκληπιεῖον τὸ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ. τὸ δʼ ἐν Βαλάγραις ταῖς Κυρηναίων ἐστὶν Ἀσκληπιὸς καλούμενος Ἰατρὸς ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου καὶ οὗτος. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ παρὰ Κυρηναίοις τὸ ἐν Λεβήνῃ τῇ Κρητῶν ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιεῖον. διάφορον δὲ Κυρηναίοις τοσόνδε ἐς Ἐπιδαυρίους ἐστίν, ὅτι αἶγας οἱ Κυρηναῖοι θύουσιν, Ἐπιδαυρίοις οὐ καθεστηκότος. 2.27.1. τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν ἄλσος τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ περιέχουσιν ὅροι πανταχόθεν· οὐδὲ ἀποθνήσκουσιν ἄνθρωποι οὐδὲ τίκτουσιν αἱ γυναῖκές σφισιν ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου, καθὰ καὶ ἐπὶ Δήλῳ τῇ νήσῳ τὸν αὐτὸν νόμον. τὰ δὲ θυόμενα, ἤν τέ τις Ἐπιδαυρίων αὐτῶν ἤν τε ξένος ὁ θύων ᾖ, καταναλίσκουσιν ἐντὸς τῶν ὅρων· τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ γινόμενον οἶδα καὶ ἐν Τιτάνῃ. 2.27.2. τοῦ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἄγαλμα μεγέθει μὲν τοῦ Ἀθήνῃσιν Ὀλυμπίου Διὸς ἥμισυ ἀποδεῖ, πεποίηται δὲ ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ· μηνύει δὲ ἐπίγραμμα τὸν εἰργασμένον εἶναι Θρασυμήδην Ἀριγνώτου Πάριον. κάθηται δὲ ἐπὶ θρόνου βακτηρίαν κρατῶν, τὴν δὲ ἑτέραν τῶν χειρῶν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς ἔχει τοῦ δράκοντος, καί οἱ καὶ κύων παρακατακείμενος πεποίηται. τῷ θρόνῳ δὲ ἡρώων ἐπειργασμένα Ἀργείων ἐστὶν ἔργα, Βελλεροφόντου τὸ ἐς τὴν Χίμαιραν καὶ Περσεὺς ἀφελὼν τὴν Μεδούσης κεφαλήν. τοῦ ναοῦ δέ ἐστι πέραν ἔνθα οἱ ἱκέται τοῦ θεοῦ καθεύδουσιν. 2.27.3. οἴκημα δὲ περιφερὲς λίθου λευκοῦ καλούμενον Θόλος ᾠκοδόμηται πλησίον, θέας ἄξιον· ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ Παυσίου γράψαντος βέλη μὲν καὶ τόξον ἐστὶν ἀφεικὼς Ἔρως, λύραν δὲ ἀντʼ αὐτῶν ἀράμενος φέρει. γέγραπται δὲ ἐνταῦθα καὶ Μέθη, Παυσίου καὶ τοῦτο ἔργον, ἐξ ὑαλίνης φιάλης πίνουσα· ἴδοις δὲ κἂν ἐν τῇ γραφῇ φιάλην τε ὑάλου καὶ διʼ αὐτῆς γυναικὸς πρόσωπον. στῆλαι δὲ εἱστήκεσαν ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου τὸ μὲν ἀρχαῖον καὶ πλέονες, ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ δὲ ἓξ λοιπαί· ταύταις ἐγγεγραμμένα καὶ ἀνδρῶν καὶ γυναικῶν ἐστιν ὀνόματα ἀκεσθέντων ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ, προσέτι δὲ καὶ νόσημα ὅ τι ἕκαστος ἐνόσησε καὶ ὅπως ἰάθη· 2.27.4. γέγραπται δὲ φωνῇ τῇ Δωρίδι. χωρὶς δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἐστὶν ἀρχαία στήλη· ἵππους δὲ Ἱππόλυτον ἀναθεῖναι τῷ θεῷ φησιν εἴκοσι. ταύτης τῆς στήλης τῷ ἐπιγράμματι ὁμολογοῦντα λέγουσιν Ἀρικιεῖς, ὡς τεθνεῶτα Ἱππόλυτον ἐκ τῶν Θησέως ἀρῶν ἀνέστησεν Ἀσκληπιός· ὁ δὲ ὡς αὖθις ἐβίω, οὐκ ἠξίου νέμειν τῷ πατρὶ συγγνώμην, ἀλλὰ ὑπεριδὼν τὰς δεήσεις ἐς Ἰταλίαν ἔρχεται παρὰ τοὺς Ἀρικιεῖς, καὶ ἐβασίλευσέ τε αὐτόθι καὶ ἀνῆκε τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι τέμενος, ἔνθα ἄχρι ἐμοῦ μονομαχίας ἆθλα ἦν καὶ ἱερᾶσθαι τῇ θεῷ τὸν νικῶντα· ὁ δὲ ἀγὼν ἐλευθέρων μὲν προέκειτο οὐδενί, οἰκέταις δὲ ἀποδρᾶσι τοὺς δεσπότας. 2.27.5. Ἐπιδαυρίοις δέ ἐστι θέατρον ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ μάλιστα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν θέας ἄξιον· τὰ μὲν γὰρ Ῥωμαίων πολὺ δή τι καὶ ὑπερῆρ κ ε τῶν πανταχοῦ τῷ κόσμῳ, μεγέθει δὲ Ἀρκάδων τὸ ἐν Μεγάλῃ πόλει· ἁρμονίας δὲ ἢ κάλλους ἕνεκα ἀρχιτέκτων ποῖος ἐς ἅμιλλαν Πολυκλείτῳ γένοιτʼ ἂν ἀξιόχρεως; Πολύκλειτος γὰρ καὶ θέατρον τοῦτο καὶ οἴκημα τὸ περιφερὲς ὁ ποιήσας ἦν. ἐντὸς δὲ τοῦ ἄλσους ναός τέ ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ ἄγαλμα Ἠπιόνης καὶ Ἀφροδίτης ἱερὸν καὶ Θέμιδος καὶ στάδιον, οἷα Ἕλλησι τὰ πολλὰ γῆς χῶμα, καὶ κρήνη τῷ τε ὀρόφῳ καὶ κόσμῳ τῷ λοιπῷ θέας ἀξία. 2.27.6. ὁπόσα δὲ Ἀντωνῖνος ἀνὴρ τῆς συγκλήτου βουλῆς ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐποίησεν, ἔστι μὲν Ἀσκληπιοῦ λουτρόν, ἔστι δὲ ἱερὸν θεῶν οὓς Ἐπιδώτας ὀνομάζουσιν· ἐποίησε δὲ καὶ Ὑγείᾳ ναὸν καὶ Ἀσκληπιῷ καὶ Ἀπόλλωνι ἐπίκλησιν Αἰγυπτίοις. καὶ ἦν γὰρ στοὰ καλουμένη Κότυος, καταρρυέντος δέ οἱ τοῦ ὀρόφου διέφθαρτο ἤδη πᾶσα ἅτε ὠμῆς τῆς πλίνθου ποιηθεῖσα· ἀνῳκοδόμησε καὶ ταύτην. Ἐπιδαυρίων δὲ οἱ περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν μάλιστα ἐταλαιπώρουν, ὅτι μήτε αἱ γυναῖκες ἐν σκέπῃ σφίσιν ἔτικτον καὶ ἡ τελευτὴ τοῖς κάμνουσιν ὑπαίθριος ἐγίνετο· ὁ δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἐπανορθούμενος κατεσκευάσατο οἴκησιν· ἐνταῦθα ἤδη καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ἀνθρώπῳ καὶ τεκεῖν γυναικὶ ὅσιον. 2.28.1. δράκοντες δὲ—οἱ λοιποὶ καὶ ἕτερον γένος—ἐς τὸ ξανθότερον ῥέποντες χρόας ἱεροὶ μὲν τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ νομίζονται καὶ εἰσὶν ἀνθρώποις ἥμεροι, τρέφει δὲ μόνη σφᾶς ἡ τῶν Ἐπιδαυρίων γῆ. τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ εὑρίσκω καὶ ἄλλαις χώραις συμβεβηκός· Λιβύη μέν γε μόνη κροκοδείλους τρέφει χερσαίους διπήχεων οὐκ ἐλάσσονας, παρὰ δὲ Ἰνδῶν μόνων ἄλλα τε κομίζεται καὶ ὄρνιθες οἱ ψιττακοί. τοὺς δὲ ὄφεις οἱ Ἐπιδαύριοι τοὺς μεγάλους ἐς πλέον πηχῶν καὶ τριάκοντα προήκοντας, οἷοι παρά τε Ἰνδοῖς τρέφονται καὶ ἐν Λιβύῃ, ἄλλο δή τι γένος φασὶν εἶναι καὶ οὐ δράκοντας. 2.32.2. τούτου δὲ ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου ναός ἐστιν Ἀπόλλωνος Ἐπιβατηρίου, Διομήδους ἀνάθημα ἐκφυγόντος τὸν χειμῶνα ὃς τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐπεγένετο ἀπὸ Ἰλίου κομιζομένοις· καὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα τῶν Πυθίων Διομήδην πρῶτον θεῖναί φασι τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι. ἐς δὲ τὴν Δαμίαν καὶ Αὐξησίαν—καὶ γὰρ Τροιζηνίοις μέτεστιν αὐτῶν—οὐ τὸν αὐτὸν λέγουσιν ὃν Ἐπιδαύριοι καὶ Αἰγινῆται λόγον, ἀλλὰ ἀφικέσθαι παρθένους ἐκ Κρήτης· στασιασάντων δὲ ὁμοίως τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει ἁπάντων καὶ ταύτας φασὶν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀντιστασιωτῶν καταλευσθῆναι, καὶ ἑορτὴν ἄγουσί σφισι Λιθοβόλια ὀνομάζοντες. 2.38.6. ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν πολυανδρίων ἰόντι Ἀ ν θήνη τέ ἐστιν, ἐς ἣν Αἰγινῆταί ποτε ᾤκησαν, καὶ ἑτέρα κώμη Νηρίς, τρίτη δὲ Εὔα μεγίστη τῶν κωμῶν· καὶ ἱερὸν τοῦ Πολεμοκράτους ἐστὶν ἐν ταύτῃ. ὁ δὲ Πολεμοκράτης ἐστὶ καὶ οὗτος Μαχάονος υἱός, ἀδελφὸς δὲ Ἀλεξάνορος, καὶ ἰᾶται τοὺς ταύτῃ καὶ τιμὰς παρὰ τῶν προσοίκων ἔχει. 3.12.5. προϊόντων δὲ κατὰ τὴν Ἀφεταΐδα ἡρῷά ἐστιν Ἴοπός τε κατὰ Λέλεγα ἢ Μύλητα γενέσθαι δοκοῦντος καὶ Ἀμφιαράου τοῦ Ὀικλέους· τοῦτο δὲ τοὺς Τυνδάρεω παῖδας νομίζουσιν ἅτε ἀνεψιῷ τῷ Ἀμφιαράῳ ποιῆσαι· καὶ αὐτοῦ Λέλεγός ἐστιν ἡρῷον, τούτων δὲ οὐ πόρρω τέμενος Ποσειδῶνος Ταιναρίου —Ταινάριον δὲ ἐπονομάζουσιν— 3.23.6. τούτοις μὲν τοιαῦτα ἀπήντησεν ἀσεβήσασι· τῇ δὲ Βοιαῶν ὅμορος Ἐπίδαυρός ἐστιν ἡ Λιμηρά, σταδίους ὡς διακοσίους ἀπέχουσα Ἐπιδηλίου. φασὶ δὲ οὐ Λακεδαιμονίων, τῶν δὲ ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι Ἐπιδαυρίων εἶναι, πλέοντες δὲ ἐς Κῶν παρὰ τὸν Ἀσκληπιὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ προσσχεῖν τῆς Λακωνικῆς ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐξ ἐνυπνίων γενομένων σφίσι καταμείναντες οἰκῆσαι. 3.23.7. λέγουσι δὲ καὶ ὡς οἴκοθεν ἐκ τῆς Ἐπιδαύρου δράκοντα ἐπαγομένοις αὐτοῖς ἐξέφυγεν ἐκ τῆς νεὼς ὁ δράκων, ἐκφυγὼν δὲ οὐ πόρρω κατέδυ θαλάσσης, καί σφισιν ὁμοῦ τῶν ὀνειράτων τῇ ὄψει καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ σημείου τοῦ κατὰ τὸν δράκοντα ἔδοξεν αὐτόθι καταμείναντας οἰκῆσαι. καὶ ἔνθα ὁ δράκων κατέδυ, βωμοί τέ εἰσιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ ἐλαῖαι περὶ αὐτοὺς πεφύκασιν. 3.26.1. ἐς Θαλάμας δὲ ἐξ Οἰτύλου μῆκος τῆς ὁδοῦ στάδιοι περὶ τοὺς ὀγδοήκοντά εἰσι, κατὰ δὲ τὴν ὁδὸν ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἰνοῦς καὶ μαντεῖον. μαντεύονται μὲν οὖν καθεύδοντες, ὁπόσα δʼ ἂν πυθέσθαι δεηθῶσιν, ὀνείρατα δείκνυσί σφισιν ἡ θεός. χαλκᾶ δὲ ἕστηκεν ἀγάλματα ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, τῆς τε Πασιφάης καὶ Ἡλίου τὸ ἕτερον· αὐτὸ δὲ τὸ ἐν τῷ ναῷ σαφῶς μὲν οὐκ ἦν ἰδεῖν ὑπὸ στεφανωμάτων, χαλκοῦν δὲ καὶ τοῦτο εἶναι λέγουσι. ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ ὕδωρ ἐκ πηγῆς ἱερᾶς πιεῖν ἡδύ· Σελήνης δὲ ἐπίκλησις καὶ οὐ Θαλαμάταις ἐπιχώριος δαίμων ἐστὶν ἡ Πασιφάη. 4.14.7. ἐπετράφη δὲ νεότης καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τῆς Μεσσηνίας, οἱ δὲ ἄριστοι καὶ ἀριθμὸν πλεῖστοι περὶ τὴν Ἀνδανίαν, ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ Ἀριστομένης, ὃς καὶ νῦν ἔτι ὡς ἥρως ἔχει παρὰ Μεσσηνίοις τιμάς. καί οἱ καὶ τὰ τῆς γενέσεως ἐπιφανέστερα ὑπάρξαι νομίζουσι· Νικοτελείᾳ γὰρ τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ δαίμονα ἢ θεὸν δράκοντι εἰκασμένον συγγενέσθαι λέγουσι. τοιαῦτα δὲ καὶ Μακεδόνας ἐπὶ Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ ἐπὶ Ἀριστοδάμᾳ Σικυωνίους οἶδα εἰρηκότας, διάφορα δὲ τοσόνδε ἦν· 4.14.8. Μεσσήνιοι γὰρ οὐκ ἐσποιοῦσιν Ἀριστομένην Ἡρακλεῖ παῖδα ἢ Διί, ὥσπερ Ἀλέξανδρον Ἄμμωνι οἱ Μακεδόνες καὶ Ἄρατον Ἀσκληπιῷ Σικυώνιοι· Ἀριστομένει δὲ πατέρα Ἑλλήνων μὲν οἱ πολλοὶ Πύρρον φασὶν εἶναι, Μεσσηνίους δὲ οἶδα αὐτὸς ἐπὶ ταῖς σπονδαῖς Ἀριστομένην Νικομήδους καλοῦντας. οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἀκμάζων ἡλικίᾳ καὶ τόλμῃ καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν ἐν τέλει παρώξυνον ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπόστασιν· ἐπράσσετο δὲ ταῦτα οὐκ εὐθὺς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, κρύφα δὲ ἐς Ἄργος καὶ παρὰ τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἀπέστελλον, εἴ σφισιν ἀπροφασίστως καὶ μηδὲν ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ ἐπὶ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ προτέρου ἀμῦναι θελήσουσιν. 4.30.3. καὶ τάδε ἄλλα ἤκουσα ἐν Φαραῖς, Διοκλεῖ θυγατέρα ἐπὶ τοῖς διδύμοις παισὶν Ἀντίκλειαν γενέσθαι, τῆς δὲ Νικόμαχόν τε εἶναι καὶ Γόργασον, πατρὸς δὲ Μαχάονος τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ· τούτους καταμεῖναί τε αὐτοῦ καὶ ὡς ὁ Διοκλῆς ἐτελεύτησε τὴν βασιλείαν ἐκδέξασθαι. διαμεμένηκε δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἐς τόδε ἔτι νοσήματά τε καὶ τοὺς πεπηρωμένους τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἰᾶσθαι· καί σφισιν ἀντὶ τούτων θυσίας ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ ἀναθήματα ἄγουσιν. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Τύχης ναὸς Φαραιάταις καὶ ἄγαλμα ἀρχαῖον. 7.27.11. ἀπωτέρω δὲ οὐ πολὺ ἀπὸ τοῦ Μυσαίου ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ καλούμενον Κῦρος, καὶ ἰάματα ἀνθρώποις παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ γίνεται. ὕδωρ δὲ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀνέδην ἐστί, καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ μεγίστῃ τῶν πηγῶν τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἄγαλμα ἵδρυται. ποταμοὶ δὲ ἐκ τῶν ὀρῶν κατέρχονται τῶν ὑπὲρ τὴν Πελλήνην, πρὸς μὲν Αἰγείρας καλούμενος Κριός· ἔχειν δὲ αὐτὸν τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ Τιτᾶνος Κριοῦ· 8.26.6. Ἀλιφηρεῦσι δὲ τὸ μὲν ὄνομα τῇ πόλει γέγονεν ἀπὸ Ἀλιφήρου Λυκάονος παιδός, ἱερὰ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τέ ἐστι καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς, ἣν θεῶν σέβονται μάλιστα, γενέσθαι καὶ τραφῆναι παρὰ σφίσιν αὐτὴν λέγοντες· καὶ Διός τε ἱδρύσαντο Λεχεάτου βωμόν, ἅτε ἐνταῦθα τὴν Ἀθηνᾶν τεκόντος, καὶ κρήνην καλοῦσι Τριτωνίδα, τὸν ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ τῷ Τρίτωνι οἰκειούμενοι λόγον. 9.19.4. ἑξῆς δὲ πόλεων ἐρείπιά ἐστιν Ἅρματος καὶ Μυκαλησσοῦ· καὶ τῇ μὲν τὸ ὄνομα ἐγένετο ἀφανισθέντος, ὡς οἱ Ταναγραῖοί φασιν, ἐνταῦθα Ἀμφιαράῳ τοῦ ἅρματος καὶ οὐχ ὅπου λέγουσιν οἱ Θηβαῖοι· Μυκαλησσὸν δὲ ὁμολογοῦσιν ὀνομασθῆναι, διότι ἡ βοῦς ἐνταῦθα ἐμυκήσατο ἡ Κάδμον καὶ τὸν σὺν αὐτῷ στρατὸν ἄγουσα ἐς Θήβας. ὅντινα δὲ τρόπον ἐγένετο ἡ Μυκαλησσὸς ἀνάστατος, τὰ ἐς Ἀθηναίους ἔχοντα ἐδήλωσέ μοι τοῦ λόγου. 9.39.11. ὁ οὖν κατιὼν κατακλίνας ἑαυτὸν ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος ἔχων μάζας μεμαγμένας μέλιτι προεμβάλλει τε ἐς τὴν ὀπὴν τοὺς πόδας καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιχωρεῖ, τὰ γόνατά οἱ τῆς ὀπῆς ἐντὸς γενέσθαι προθυμούμενος· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν σῶμα αὐτίκα ἐφειλκύσθη τε καὶ τοῖς γόνασιν ἐπέδραμεν, ὥσπερ ποταμῶν ὁ μέγιστος καὶ ὠκύτατος συνδεθέντα ὑπὸ δίνης ἀποκρύψειεν ἂν ἄνθρωπον. τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν τοῖς ἐντὸς τοῦ ἀδύτου γενομένοις οὐχ εἷς οὐδὲ ὁ αὐτὸς τρόπος ἐστὶν ὅτῳ διδάσκονται τὰ μέλλοντα, ἀλλά πού τις καὶ εἶδε καὶ ἄλλος ἤκουσεν. ἀναστρέψαι δὲ ὀπίσω τοῖς καταβᾶσι διὰ στομίου τε ἔστι τοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ προεκθεόντων σφίσι τῶν ποδῶν. 10.32.12. σταδίοις δὲ ἀπωτέρω Τιθορέας ἑβδομήκοντα ναός ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ, καλεῖται δὲ Ἀρχαγέτας· τιμὰς δὲ παρὰ αὐτῶν ἔχει Τιθορέων καὶ ἐπʼ ἴσης παρὰ Φωκέων τῶν ἄλλων. ἐντὸς μὲν δὴ τοῦ περιβόλου τοῖς τε ἱκέταις καὶ ὅσοι τοῦ θεοῦ δοῦλοι, τούτοις μὲν ἐνταῦθά εἰσι καὶ οἰκήσεις· ἐν μέσῳ δὲ ὅ τε ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα λίθου πεποιημένον, γένεια ἔχον μέγεθος καὶ ὑπὲρ δύο πόδας· κλίνη δὲ ἐν δεξιᾷ κεῖται τοῦ ἀγάλματος, θύειν δὲ αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα ὁμοίως νομίζουσι πλὴν αἰγῶν. 10.32.13. τοῦ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ περὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἀπέχει σταδίους περίβολος καὶ ἄδυτον ἱερὸν Ἴσιδος, ἁγιώτατον ὁπόσα Ἕλληνες θεῷ τῇ Αἰγυπτίᾳ πεποίηνται· οὔτε γὰρ περιοικεῖν ἐνταῦθα οἱ Τιθορεεῖς νομίζουσιν οὔτε ἔσοδος ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον ἄλλοις γε ἢ ἐκείνοις ἐστὶν οὓς ἂν αὐτὴ προτιμήσασα ἡ Ἶσις καλέσῃ σφᾶς διʼ ἐνυπνίων. τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ ἐν ταῖς ὑπὲρ Μαιάνδρου πόλεσι θεοὶ ποιοῦσιν οἱ καταχθόνιοι· οὓς γὰρ ἂν ἐς τὰ ἄδυτα ἐσιέναι θελήσωσιν, ἀποστέλλουσιν αὐτοῖς ὀνειράτων ὄψεις. 10.33.11. †ἃ μάλιστα ἄξιον Διονύσῳ δρῶσιν ὄργια, ἔσοδος δὲ ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον οὐδὲ ἐν φανερῷ σφισιν †ἄγαλμα οὐκ ἔστι. λέγεται δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀμφικλειέων μάντιν τέ σφισι τὸν θεὸν τοῦτον καὶ βοηθὸν νόσων καθεστηκέναι· τὰ μὲν δὴ νοσήματα αὐτοῖς Ἀμφικλειεῦσι καὶ τοῖς προσοικοῦσιν ἰᾶται διʼ ὀνειράτων, πρόμαντις δὲ ὁ ἱερεύς ἐστι, χρῷ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ κάτοχος.

1.34.2. Legend says that when Amphiaraus was exiled from Thebes the earth opened and swallowed both him and his chariot. Only they say that the incident did not happen here, the place called the Chariot being on the road from Thebes to Chalcis . The divinity of Amphiaraus was first established among the Oropians, from whom afterwards all the Greeks received the cult. I can enumerate other men also born at this time who are worshipped among the Greeks as gods; some even have cities dedicated to them, such as Eleus in Chersonnesus dedicated to Protesilaus, and Lebadea of the Boeotians dedicated to Trophonius. The Oropians have both a temple and a white marble statue of Amphiaraus. 1.34.3. The altar shows parts. One part is to Heracles, Zeus, and Apollo Healer, another is given up to heroes and to wives of heroes, the third is to Hestia and Hermes and Amphiaraus and the children of Amphilochus. But Alcmaeon, because of his treatment of Eriphyle, is honored neither in the temple of Amphiaraus nor yet with Amphilochus. The fourth portion of the altar is to Aphrodite and Panacea, and further to Iaso, Health and Athena Healer. The fifth is dedicated to the nymphs and to Pan, and to the rivers Achelous and Cephisus. The Athenians too have an altar to Amphilochus in the city, and there is at Mallus in Cilicia an oracle of his which is the most trustworthy of my day. 1.34.4. The Oropians have near the temple a spring, which they call the Spring of Amphiaraus; they neither sacrifice into it nor are wont to use it for purifications or for lustral water. But when a man has been cured of a disease through a response the custom is to throw silver and coined gold into the spring, for by this way they say that Amphiaraus rose up after he had become a god. Iophon the Cnossian, a guide, produced responses in hexameter verse, saying that Amphiaraus gave them to the Argives who were sent against Thebes . These verses unrestrainedly appealed to popular taste. Except those whom they say Apollo inspired of old none of the seers uttered oracles, but they were good at explaining dreams and interpreting the flights of birds and the entrails of victims. 1.34.5. My opinion is that Amphiaraus devoted him self most to the exposition of dreams. It is manifest that, when his divinity was established, it was a dream oracle that he set up. One who has come to consult Amphiaraus is wont first to purify himself. The mode of purification is to sacrifice to the god, and they sacrifice not only to him but also to all those whose names are on the altar. And when all these things have been first done, they sacrifice a ram, and, spreading the skin under them, go to sleep and await enlightenment in a dream. 2.2.8. There is also a temple of Fortune, with a standing image of Parian marble. Beside it is a sanctuary for all the gods. Hard by is built a fountain, on which is a bronze Poseidon; under the feet of Poseidon is a dolphin spouting water. There is also a bronze Apollo surnamed Clarius and a statue of Aphrodite made by Hermogenes of Cythera . There are two bronze, standing images of Hermes, for one of which a temple has been made. The images of Zeus also are in the open; one had not a surname, another they call Chthonius (of the Lower World) and the third Most High. 2.10.2. From here is a way to a sanctuary of Asclepius. On passing into the enclosure you see on the left a building with two rooms. In the outer room lies a figure of Sleep, of which nothing remains now except the head. The inner room is given over to the Carnean Apollo; into it none may enter except the priests. In the portico lies a huge bone of a sea-monster, and after it an image of the Dream-god and Sleep, surnamed Epidotes (Bountiful), lulling to sleep a lion. Within the sanctuary on either side of the entrance is an image, on the one hand Pan seated, on the other Artemis standing. 2.10.3. When you have entered you see the god, a beardless figure of gold and ivory made by Calamis. A famous early fifth century sculptor. He holds a staff in one hand, and a cone of the cultivated pine in the other. The Sicyonians say that the god was carried to them from Epidaurus on a carriage drawn by two mules, that he was in the likeness of a serpent, and that he was brought by Nicagora of Sicyon , the mother of Agasicles and the wife of Echetimus. Here are small figures hanging from the roof. She who is on the serpent they say is Aristodama, the mother of Aratus, whom they hold to be a son of Asclepius. 2.11.7. There are images also of Alexanor and of Euamerion; to the former they give offerings as to a hero after the setting of the sun; to Euamerion, as being a god, they give burnt sacrifices. If I conjecture aright, the Pergamenes, in accordance with an oracle, call this Euamerion Telesphorus (Accomplisher) while the Epidaurians call him Acesis (Cure). There is also a wooden image of Coronis, but it has no fixed position anywhere in the temple. While to the god are being sacrificed a bull, a lamb, and a pig, they remove Coronis to the sanctuary of Athena and honor her there. The parts of the victims which they offer as a burnt sacrifice, and they are not content with cutting out the thighs, they burn on the ground, except the birds, which they burn on the altar. 2.26.8. There is other evidence that the god was born in Epidaurus for I find that the most famous sanctuaries of Asclepius had their origin from Epidaurus . In the first place, the Athenians, who say that they gave a share of their mystic rites to Asclepius, call this day of the festival Epidauria, and they allege that their worship of Asclepius dates from then. Again, when Archias, son of Aristaechmus, was healed in Epidauria after spraining himself while hunting about Pindasus, he brought the cult to Pergamus . 2.26.9. From the one at Pergamus has been built in our own day the sanctuary of Asclepius by the sea at Smyrna . Further, at Balagrae of the Cyreneans there is an Asclepius called Healer, who like the others came from Epidaurus . From the one at Cyrene was founded the sanctuary of Asclepius at Lebene, in Crete . There is this difference between the Cyreneans and the Epidaurians, that whereas the former sacrifice goats, it is against the custom of the Epidaurians to do so. 2.27.1. The sacred grove of Asclepius is surrounded on all sides by boundary marks. No death or birth takes place within the enclosure the same custom prevails also in the island of Delos . All the offerings, whether the offerer be one of the Epidaurians themselves or a stranger, are entirely consumed within the bounds. At Titane too, I know, there is the same rule. 2.27.2. The image of Asclepius is, in size, half as big as the Olympian Zeus at Athens , and is made of ivory and gold. An inscription tells us that the artist was Thrasymedes, a Parian, son of Arignotus. The god is sitting on a seat grasping a staff; the other hand he is holding above the head of the serpent; there is also a figure of a dog lying by his side. On the seat are wrought in relief the exploits of Argive heroes, that of Bellerophontes against the Chimaera, and Perseus, who has cut off the head of Medusa. Over against the temple is the place where the suppliants of the god sleep. 2.27.3. Near has been built a circular building of white marble, called Tholos (Round House), which is worth seeing. In it is a picture by Pausias 1. A famous painter of Sicyon . representing Love, who has cast aside his bow and arrows, and is carrying instead of them a lyre that he has taken up. Here there is also another work of Pausias, Drunkenness drinking out of a crystal cup. You can see even in the painting a crystal cup and a woman's face through it. Within the enclosure stood slabs; in my time six remained, but of old there were more. On them are inscribed the names of both the men and the women who have been healed by Asclepius, the disease also from which each suffered, and the means of cure. The dialect is Doric. 2.27.4. Apart from the others is an old slab, which declares that Hippolytus dedicated twenty horses to the god. The Aricians tell a tale that agrees with the inscription on this slab, that when Hippolytus was killed, owing to the curses of Theseus, Asclepius raised him from the dead. On coming to life again he refused to forgive his father rejecting his prayers, he went to the Aricians in Italy . There he became king and devoted a precinct to Artemis, where down to my time the prize for the victor in single combat was the priesthood of the goddess. The contest was open to no freeman, but only to slaves who had run away from their masters. 2.27.5. The Epidaurians have a theater within the sanctuary, in my opinion very well worth seeing. For while the Roman theaters are far superior to those anywhere else in their splendor, and the Arcadian theater at Megalopolis is unequalled for size, what architect could seriously rival Polycleitus in symmetry and beauty? For it was Polycleitus Probably the younger artist of that name. who built both this theater and the circular building. Within the grove are a temple of Artemis, an image of Epione, a sanctuary of Aphrodite and Themis, a race-course consisting, like most Greek race-courses, of a bank of earth, and a fountain worth seeing for its roof and general splendour. 2.27.6. A Roman senator, Antoninus, made in our own day a bath of Asclepius and a sanctuary of the gods they call Bountiful. 138 or 161 A.D. He made also a temple to Health, Asclepius, and Apollo, the last two surnamed Egyptian. He moreover restored the portico that was named the Portico of Cotys, which, as the brick of which it was made had been unburnt, had fallen into utter ruin after it had lost its roof. As the Epidaurians about the sanctuary were in great distress, because their women had no shelter in which to be delivered and the sick breathed their last in the open, he provided a dwelling, so that these grievances also were redressed. Here at last was a place in which without sin a human being could die and a woman be delivered. 2.28.1. The serpents, including a peculiar kind of a yellowish color, are considered sacred to Asclepius, and are tame with men. These are peculiar to Epidauria, and I have noticed that other lands have their peculiar animals. For in Libya only are to be found land crocodiles at least two cubits long; from India alone are brought, among other creatures, parrots. But the big snakes that grow to more than thirty cubits, such as are found in India and in Libya , are said by the Epidaurians not to be serpents, but some other kind of creature. 2.32.2. Within this enclosure is a temple of Apollo Seafaring, an offering of Diomedes for having weathered the storm that came upon the Greeks as they were returning from Troy . They say that Diomedes was also the first to hold the Pythian games in honor of Apollo. of Damia and Auxesia (for the Troezenians, too, share in their worship) they do not give the same account as the Epidaurians and Aeginetans, but say that they were maidens who came from Crete . A general insurrection having arisen in the city, these too, they say, were stoned to death by the opposite party; and they hold a festival in their honor that they call Stoning. 2.38.6. As you go from these common graves you come to Athene, where Aeginetans once made their home, another village Neris , and a third Eua, the largest of the villages, in which there is a sanctuary of Polemocrates. This Polemocrates is one of the sons of Machaon, and the brother of Alexanor; he cures the people of the district, and receives honors from the neighbours. 3.12.5. Farther along the Aphetaid Road are hero-shrines, of Iops, who is supposed to have been born in the time of Lelex or. Myles, and of Amphiaraus the son of Oicles. The last they think was made by the sons of Tyndareus, for that Amphiaraus was their cousin. There is a hero-shrine of Lelex himself. Not far from these is a precinct of Poseidon of Taenarum, which is the surname given him, and near by an image of Athena, which is said to have been dedicated by the colonist 3.23.6. The country of the Boeatae is adjoined by Epidaurus Limera, distant some two hundred stades from Epidelium. The people say that they are not descended from the Lacedaemonians but from the Epidaurians of the Argolid , and that they touched at this point in Laconia when sailing on public business to Asclepius in Cos. Warned by dreams that appeared to them, they remained and settled here. 3.23.7. They also say that a snake, which they were bringing from their home in Epidaurus , escaped from the ship, and disappeared into the ground not far from the sea. As a result of the portent of the snake together with the vision in their dreams they resolved to remain and settle here. There are altars to Asclepius where the snake disappeared, with olive trees growing round them. 3.26.1. From Oetylus to Thalamae the road is about eighty stades long. On it is a sanctuary of Ino and an oracle. They consult the oracle in sleep, and the goddess reveals whatever they wish to learn, in dreams. Bronze statues of Pasiphae and of Helios stand in the unroofed part of the sanctuary. It was not possible to see the one within the temple clearly, owing to the garlands, but they say this too is of bronze. Water, sweet to drink, flows from a sacred spring. Pasiphae is a title of the Moon, and is not a local goddess of the people of Thalamae . 4.14.7. of the young men who had grown up in Messenia the best and most numerous were round Andania , and among them was Aristomenes, who to this day is worshipped as a hero among the Messenians. They think that even the circumstances of his birth were notable, for they assert that a spirit or a god united with his mother, Nicoteleia, in the form of a serpent. I know that the Macedonians tell a similar story about Olympias, and the Sicyonians about Aristodama, but there is this difference: 4.14.8. The Messenians do not make Aristomenes the son of Heracles or of Zeus, as the Macedonians do with Alexander and Ammon, and the Sicyonians with Aratus and Asclepius. Most of the Greeks say that Pyrrhus was the father of Aristomenes, but I myself know that in their libations the Messenians call him Aristomenes son of Nicomedes. He then, being in the full vigor of youth and courage, with others of the nobles incited them to revolt. This was not done openly at first, but they sent secretly to Argos and to the Arcadians, to ask if they were ready to help unhesitatingly and no less energetically than in the former war. 4.30.3. I heard also at Pharae that besides the twins a daughter Anticleia was born to Diocles, and that her children were Nicomachus and Gorgasus, by Machaon the son of Asclepius. They remained at Pharae and succeeded to the kingdom on the death of Diocles. The power of healing diseases and curing the maimed has remained with them to this day, and in return for this, sacrifices and votive offerings are brought to their sanctuary. The people of Pharae possess also a temple of Fortune (Tyche) and an ancient image. 7.27.11. At no great distance from the Mysacum is a sanctuary of Asclepius, called Cyrus, where cures of patients are effected by the god. Here too there is a copious supply of water, and at the largest of the springs stands the image of Asclepius. Rivers come down from the mountains above Pellene , the one on the side nearest Aegeira being called Crius, after, it is said, a Titan of the same name. 8.26.6. The city of Aliphera has received its name from Alipherus, the son of Lycaon, and there are sanctuaries here of Asclepius and Athena; the latter they worship more than any other god, saying that she was born and bred among them. They also set up an altar of Zeus Lecheates (In child-bed), because here he gave birth to Athena. There is a stream they call Tritonis, adopting the story about the river Triton. 9.19.4. Adjoining are the ruins of the cities Harma (Chariot) and Mycalessus. The former got its name, according to the people of Tanagra , because the chariot of Amphiaraus disappeared here, and not where the Thebans say it did. Both peoples agree that Mycalessus was so named because the cow lowed (emykesato) here that was guiding Cadmus and his host to Thebes . How Mycalessus was laid waste I have related in that part of my history that deals with the Athenians. See Paus. 1.23.3 . 9.39.11. The descender lies with his back on the ground, holding barley-cakes kneaded with honey, thrusts his feet into the hole and himself follows, trying hard to get his knees into the hole. After his knees the rest of his body is at once swiftly drawn in, just as the largest and most rapid river will catch a man in its eddy and carry him under. After this those who have entered the shrine learn the future, not in one and the same way in all cases, but by sight sometimes and at other times by hearing. The return upwards is by the same mouth, the feet darting out first. 10.32.12. Seventy stades distant from Tithorea is a temple of Asclepius, called Archagetas (Founder). He receives divine honors from the Tithoreans, and no less from the other Phocians. Within the precincts are dwellings for both the suppliants of the god and his servants. In the middle is the temple of the god and an image made of stone, having a beard more than two feet long. A couch is set on the right of the image. It is usual to sacrifice to the god any animal except the goat. 10.32.13. About forty stades distant from Asclepius is a precinct and shrine sacred to Isis, the holiest of all those made by the Greeks for the Egyptian goddess. For the Tithoreans think it wrong to dwell round about it, and no one may enter the shrine except those whom Isis herself has honored by inviting them in dreams. The same rule is observed in the cities above the Maeander by the gods of the lower world; for to all whom they wish to enter their shrines they send visions seen in dreams. 10.33.11. They celebrate orgies, well worth seeing, in honor of Dionysus, but there is no entrance to the shrine, nor have they any image that can be seen. The people of Amphicleia say that this god is their prophet and their helper in disease. The diseases of the Amphicleans themselves and of their neighbors are cured by means of dreams. The oracles of the god are given by the priest, who utters them when under the divine inspiration.

30. Lucian, Alexander The False Prophet, 22, 24 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 228

31. Lucian, The Lover of Lies, 38 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, isyllos hymn Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 16

32. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 77.15.6-77.15.7 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, carian dedication to asklepios in epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, regular clientele and distinguished visitors •epidauros asklepieion, visit of hadrian •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •hadrian, visit to epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 120

33. Philostratus The Athenian, Lives of The Sophists, 1.25, 2.4 (2nd cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, apollo maleatas cult and sanctuary •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 173, 174, 231

1.25. πολέμων δὲ ὁ σοφιστὴς οὔθ', ὡς οἱ πολλοὶ δοκοῦσι, Σμυρναῖος, οὔθ', ὥς τινες, ἐκ Φρυγῶν, ἀλλὰ ἤνεγκεν αὐτὸν Λαοδίκεια ἡ ἐν Καρίᾳ, ποταμῷ πρόσοικος Λύκῳ, μεσογεία μέν, δυνατωτέρα δὲ τῶν ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ. ἡ μὲν δὴ τοῦ Πολέμωνος οἰκία πολλοὶ ὕπατοι καὶ ἔτι, ἐρασταὶ δὲ αὐτοῦ πολλαὶ μὲν πόλεις, διαφερόντως δὲ ἡ Σμύρνα: οὗτοι γὰρ ἐκ μειρακίου κατιδόντες τι ἐν αὐτῷ μέγα πάντας τοὺς οἴκοι στεφάνους ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ Πολέμωνος κεφαλὴν συνήνεγκαν, αὐτῷ τε ψηφισάμενοι καὶ γένει τὰ οἴκοι ζηλωτά, προκαθῆσθαι γὰρ τῶν ̓Αδριανῶν ̓Ολυμπίων ἔδοσαν τῷ ἀνδρὶ καὶ ἐγγόνοις, καὶ τῆς ἱερᾶς τριήρους ἐπιβατεύειν. πέμπεται γάρ τις μηνὶ ̓Ανθεστηριῶνι μεταρσία τριήρης ἐς ἀγοράν, ἣν ὁ τοῦ Διονύσου ἱερεύς, οἷον κυβερνήτης, εὐθύνει πείσματα ἐκ θαλάττης λύουσαν. ̓Ενσπουδάζων δὲ τῇ Σμύρνῃ τάδε αὐτὴν ὤνησεν: πρῶτα μὲν τὴν πόλιν πολυανθρωποτάτην αὑτῆς φαίνεσθαι, νεότητος αὐτῇ ἐπιρρεούσης ἐξ ἠπείρων τε καὶ νήσων οὐκ ἀκολάστου καὶ ξυγκλύδος, ἀλλ' ἔξειλεγμένης τε καὶ καθαρᾶς ̔Ελλάδος, ἔπειτα ὁμονοοῦσαν καὶ ἀστασίαστον πολιτεύειν, τὸν γὰρ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνον ἐστασίαζεν ἡ Σμύρνα καὶ διεστήκεσαν οἱ ἄνω πρὸς τοὺς ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ. πλείστου δὲ ἄξιος τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ πρεσβευτικὰ ἐγένετο φοιτῶν παρὰ τοὺς αὐτοκράτορας καὶ προαγωνιζόμενος τῶν ἠθῶν. ̓Αδριανὸν γοῦν προσκείμενον τοῖς ̓Εφεσίοις οὕτω τι μετεποίησε τοῖς Σμυρναίοις, ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ μυριάδας χιλίας ἐπαντλῆσαι αὐτὸν τῇ Σμύρνῃ, ἀφ' ὧν τά τε τοῦ σίτου ἐμπόρια ἐξεποιήθη καὶ γυμνάσιον τῶν κατὰ τὴν ̓Ασίαν μεγαλοπρεπέστατον καὶ νεὼς τηλεφανὴς ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἄκρας ἀντικεῖσθαι δοκῶν τῷ Μίμαντι. καὶ μὴν καὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτανομένοις δημοσίᾳ ἐπιπλήττων καὶ κατὰ σοφίαν πλεῖστα νουθετῶν ὠφέλει, ὕβριν τε ὁμοίως ἐξῄρει καὶ ἀγερωχίαν πᾶσαν, τοσούτῳ πλέον, ὅσῳ μηδὲ τοῦ ̓Ιωνικοῦ ἀπεθίζειν ὠφέλει δὲ κἀκεῖνα δήπου: τὰς δίκας τὰς πρὸς ἀλλήλους οὐκ ἄλλοσέ ποι ἐκφοιτᾶν εἴα, ἀλλ' οἴκοι ἔπαυεν. λέγω δὲ τὰς ὑπέρ χρημάτων, τὰς γὰρ ἐπὶ μοιχοὺς καὶ ἱεροσύλους καὶ σφαγέας, ὧν ἀμελουμένων ἄγη φύεται, οὐκ ἐξάγειν παρεκελεύετο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξωθεῖν τῆς Σμύρνης, δικαστοῦ γὰρ δεῖσθαι αὐτὰς ξίφος ἔχοντος. καὶ ἡ αἰτία δέ, ἣν ἐκ τῶν πολλῶν εἶχεν, ὡς ὁδοιποροῦντι αὐτῷ πολλὰ μὲν σκευοφόρα ἕποιτο, πολλοὶ δὲ ἵπποι, πολλοὶ δὲ οἰκέται, πολλὰ δὲ ἔθνη κυνῶν ἄλλα ἐς ἄλλην θήραν, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπὶ ζεύγους ἀργυροχαλίνου Φρυγίου τινὸς ἢ Κελτικοῦ πορεύοιτο, εὔκλειαν τῇ Σμύρνῃ ἔπραττεν: πόλιν γὰρ δὴ λαμπρύνει μὲν ἀγορὰ καὶ κατασκευὴ μεγαλοπρεπὴς οἰκοδομημάτων, λαμπρύνει δὲ οἰκία εὖ πράττουσα, οὐ γὰρ μόνον δίδωσι πόλις ἀνδρὶ ὄνομα, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴ ἄρνυται ἐξ ἀνδρός. ἐπεσκοπεῖτο δὲ καὶ τὴν Λαοδίκειαν ὁ Πολέμων θαμίζων ἐς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ οἶκον καὶ δημοσίᾳ ὠφελῶν ὅ τι ἠδύνατο. τὰ δὲ ἐκ βασιλέων αὐτῷ τοιαῦτα: Τραιανὸς μὲν αὐτοκράτωρ ἀτελῆ πορεύεσθαι διὰ γῆς καὶ θαλάττης, ̓Αδριανὸς δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἀπ' αὐτοῦ πᾶσιν, ̔ἐγ̓κατέλεξε δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ τῷ τοῦ Μουσείου κύκλῳ ἐς τὴν Αἰγυπτίαν σίτησιν, ἐπί τε τῆς ̔Ρώμης ἀπαιτουμένου πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μυριάδας ὑπεραπέδωκε ταῦτα τὰ χρήματα οὔτε εἰπόντος, ὡς δέοιτο, οὔτε προειπών, ὡς δώσοι. αἰτιωμένης δὲ αὐτὸν τῆς Σμύρνης, ὡς πολλὰ τῶν ἐπιδοθέντων σφίσιν ἐκ βασιλέως χρημάτων ἐς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ἡδὺ καταθέμενον ἔπεμψεν ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ ἐπιστολὴν ὧδε ξυγκειμένην: “πολέμων τῶν ἐπιδοθέντων ὑμῖν χρημάτων ὑπ' ἐμοῦ ἐμοὶ τοὺς λογισμοὺς ἔδωκεν.” ταῦτα δὲ εἰ καὶ συγγνώμην ἐρεῖ τις, οὐκ ἦν δήπου συγγνώμην αὐτὸν τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς χρήμασι μὴ οὐκ ἐς τὸ προὖχον τῆς ἄλλης ἀρετῆς εὑρέσθαι. τὸ δὲ ̓Αθήνησιν ̓Ολύμπιον δι' ἑξήκοντα καὶ πεντακοσίων ἐτῶν ἀποτελεσθὲν καθιερώσας ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ, ὡς χρόνου μέγα ἀγώνισμα, ἐκέλευσε καὶ τὸν Πολέμωνα ἐφυμνῆσαι τῇ θυσίᾳ. ὁ δέ, ὥσπερ εἰώθει, στήσας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐπὶ τὰς ἤδη παρισταμένας ἐννοίας ἐπαφῆκεν ἑαυτὸν τῷ λόγῳ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς κρηπῖδος τοῦ νεὼ διελέχθη πολλὰ καὶ θαυμάσια, προοίμιον ποιούμενος τοῦ λόγου τὸ μὴ ἀθεεὶ τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ ὁρμὴν γενέσθαι οἱ. διήλλαξε δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ τὸν ἑαυτοῦ παῖδα ̓Αντωνῖνον ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ ἐν τῇ τοῦ σκήπτρου παραδόσει θεὸς ἐκ θνητοῦ γιγνόμενος. τουτὶ δὲ ὁποῖον, ἀνάγκη δηλῶσαι: ἦρξε μὲν γὰρ δὴ πάσης ὁμοῦ ̓Ασίας ὁ ̓Αντωνῖνος, καὶ κατέλυσεν ἐν τῇ τοῦ Πολέμωνος οἰκίᾳ ὡς ἀρίστῃ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν καὶ ἀρίστου ἀνδρός, νύκτωρ δὲ ἐξ ἀποδημίας ἥκων ὁ Πολέμων ἐβόα ἐπὶ θύραις, ὡς δεινὰ πάσχοι τῶν ἑαυτοῦ εἰργόμενος, εἶτα συνηνάγκασε τὸν ̓Αντωνῖνον ἐς ἑτέραν οἰκίαν μετασκευάσασθαι. ταῦτα ἐγίγνωσκε μὲν ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ, ἠρώτα δὲ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν οὐδέν, ὡς μὴ ἀναδέροιτο, ἀλλ' ἐνθυμηθεὶς τὰ μετ' αὐτὸν καὶ ὅτι πολλάκις καὶ τὰς ἡμέρους ἐκκαλοῦνται φύσεις οἱ προσκείμενοί τε καὶ παροξύνοντες, ἔδεισε περὶ τῷ Πολέμωνι, ὅθεν ἐν ταῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς βασιλείας διαθήκαις “καὶ Πολέμων ὁ σοφιστὴς” ἔφη “ξύμβουλος τῆς διανοίας ἐμοὶ ταύτης ἐγένετο,” τῷ καὶ χάριν ὡς εὐεργέτῃ πράττειν τὴν συγγνώμην ἐκ περιουσίας ἑτοιμάζων. καὶ ὁ ̓Αντωνῖνος ἠστείζετο μὲν πρὸς τὸν Πολέμωνα περὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν ἐνδεικνύμενός που τὸ μὴ ἐκλελῆσθαι, ταῖς δὲ ἑκάστοτε τιμαῖς ἐπὶ μέγα ἦρεν ἐγγυώμενός που τὸ μὴ μεμνῆσθαι. ἠστείζετο δὲ τάδε: ἐς τὴν πόλιν ἥκοντος τοῦ Πολέμωνος περιβαλὼν αὐτὸν ̓Αντωνῖνος “δότε” ἔφη “Πολέμωνι καταγωγήν, καὶ μηδεὶς αὐτὸν ἐκβάλῃ.” ὑποκριτοῦ δὲ τραγῳδίας ἀπὸ τῶν κατὰ τὴν ̓Ασίαν ̓Ολυμπίων, οἷς ἐπεστάτει ὁ Πολέμων, ἐφιέναι φήσαντος, ἐξελαθῆναι γὰρ παρ' αὐτοῦ κατ' ἀρχὰς τοῦ δράματος, ἤρετο ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ τὸν ὑποκριτήν, πηνίκα εἴη, ὅτε τῆς σκηνῆς ἠλάθη, τοῦ δὲ εἰπόντος, ὡς μεσημβρία τυγχάνοι οὖσα, μάλα ἀστείως ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ “ἐμὲ δὲ” εἶπεν “ἀμφὶ μέσας νύκτας ἐξήλασε τῆς οἰκίας, καὶ οὐκ ἐφῆκα.” ἐχέτω μοι καὶ ταῦτα δήλωσιν βασιλέως τε πρᾴου καὶ ἀνδρὸς ὑπέρφρονος. ὑπέρφρων γὰρ δὴ οὕτω τι ὁ Πολέμων, ὡς πόλεσι μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ προὔχοντος, δυνασταῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ ὑφειμένου, θεοῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου διαλέγεσθαι. ̓Αθηναίοις μὲν γὰρ ἐπιδεικνύμενος αὐτοσχεδίους λόγους, ὅτε καὶ πρῶτον ̓Αθήναζε ἀφίκετο, οὐκ ἐς ἐγκώμια κατέστησεν ἑαυτὸν τοῦ ἄστεος, τοσούτων ὄντων, ἅ τις ὑπὲρ ̓Αθηναίων ἂν εἴποι, οὐδ' ὑπὲρ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ δόξης ἐμακρηγόρησε, καίτοι καὶ τῆς τοιᾶσδε ἰδέας ὠφελούσης τοὺς σοφιστὰς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιδείξεσιν, ἀλλ' εὖ γιγνώσκων, ὅτι τὰς ̓Αθηναίων φύσεις ἐπικόπτειν χρὴ μᾶλλον ἢ ἐπαίρειν διελέχθη ὧδε: “φασὶν ὑμᾶς, ὦ ̓Αθηναῖοι, σοφοὺς εἶναι ἀκροατὰς λόγων: εἴσομαι.” ἀνδρὸς δέ, ὃς ἦρχε μὲν Βοσπόρου, πᾶσαν δὲ ̔Ελληνικὴν παίδευσιν ἥρμοστο, καθ' ἱστορίαν τῆς ̓Ιωνίας ἐς τὴν Σμύρναν ἥκοντος οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἔταξεν ἑαυτὸν ἐν τοῖς θεραπεύουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ δεομένου ξυνεῖναί οἱ θαμὰ ἀνεβαλλετο, ἕως ἠνάγκασε τὸν βασιλέα ἐπὶ θύρας ἀφικέσθαι ἀπάγοντα μισθοῦ δέκα τάλαντα. ἥκων δὲ ἐς τὸ Πέργαμον, ὅτε δὴ τὰ ἄρθρα ἐνόσει, κατέδαρθε μὲν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, ἐπιστάντος δὲ αὐτῷ τοῦ ̓Ασκληπιοῦ καὶ προειπόντος ἀπέχεσθαι ψυχροῦ ποτοῦ ὁ Πολέμων “βέλτιστε,” εἶπεν “εἰ δὲ βοῦν ἐθεράπευες;” τὸ δὲ μεγαλόγνωμον τοῦτο καὶ φρονηματῶδες ἐκ Τιμοκράτους ἔσπασε τοῦ φιλοσόφου, συγγενόμενος αὐτῷ ἥκοντι ἐς ̓Ιωνίαν ἐτῶν τεττάρων. οὐ χεῖρον δὲ καὶ τὸν Τιμοκράτην δηλῶσαι: ἦν μὲν γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ πατρὶς ̔Ηράκλεια τὰ ̔Ελλήνων ἐπαινοῦντες, ἐφιλοσόφει δὲ κατ' ἀρχὰς μὲν τοὺς ἰατρικοὺς τῶν λόγων, εἰδὼς εὖ τὰς ̔Ιπποκράτους τε καὶ Δημοκρίτου δόξας, ἐπεὶ δὲ ἤκουσεν Εὐφράτου τοῦ Τυρίου, πλήρεσιν ἱστίοις ἐς τὴν ἐκείνου φιλοσοφίαν ἀφῆκεν. ἐπιχολώτερος δὲ οὕτω τι ἦν τοῦ ξυμμέτρου, ὡς ὑπανίστασθαι αὐτῷ διαλεγομένῳ τήν τε γενειάδα καὶ τὰς ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ χαίτας, ὥσπερ τῶν λεόντων ἐν ταῖς ὁρμαῖς. τῆς δὲ γλώττης εὐφόρως εἶχε καὶ σφοδρῶς καὶ ἑτοίμως, διὸ καὶ τῷ Πολέμωνι πλείστου ἦν ἄξιος ἀσπαζομένῳ τὴν τοιάνδε ἐπιφορὰν τοῦ λόγου. διαφορᾶς γοῦν τῷ Τιμοκράτει πρὸς τὸν Σκοπελιανὸν γενομένης ὡς ἐκδεδωκότα ἑαυτὸν πίττῃ καὶ παρατιλτρίαις διέστη μὲν ἡ ἐνομιλοῦσα νεότης τῇ Σμύρνῃ, ὁ δὲ Πολέμων ἀμφοῖν ἀκροώμενος τῶν τοῦ Τιμοκράτους στασιωτῶν ἐγένετο πατέρα καλῶν αὐτὸν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ γλώττης. ἀπολογούμενος δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν πρὸς Φαβωρῖνον λόγων εὐλαβῶς ὑπέστειλε καὶ ὑφειμένως, ὥσπερ τῶν παίδων οἱ τὰς ἐκ τῶν διδασκάλων πληγάς, εἴ τι ἀτακτήσειαν, δεδιότες. τῷ δὲ ὑφειμένῳ τούτῳ καὶ πρὸς τὸν Σκοπελιανὸν ἐχρήσατο χρόνῳ ὕστερον, πρεσβεύειν μὲν χειροτονηθεὶς ὑπὲρ τῶν Σμυρναίων, ὡς ὅπλα δὲ ̓Αχίλλεια τὴν ἐκείνου πειθὼ αἰτήσας. ̔Ηρώδῃ δὲ τῷ ̓Αθηναίῳ πὴ μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑφειμένου, πὴ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑπεραίροντος ξυνεγένετο. ὅπως δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἔσχε, δηλῶσαι βούλομαι, καλὰ γὰρ καὶ μεμνῆσθαι ἄξια: ἤρα μὲν γὰρ τοῦ αὐτοσχεδιάζειν ὁ ̔Ηρώδης μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ ὕπατός τε καὶ ἐξ ὑπάτων δοκεῖν, τὸν Πολέμωνα δὲ οὔπω γιγνώσκων ἀφῖκτο μὲν ἐς τὴν σμύρναν ἐπὶ ξυνουσίᾳ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς κατὰ χρόνους, οὓς τὰς ἐλευθέρας τῶν πόλεων αὐτὸς διωρθοῦτο, περιβαλὼν δὲ καὶ ὑπερασπασάμενος ὁμοῦ τῷ τὸ στόμα ἀφελεῖν τοῦ στόματος “πότε,” εἶπεν “ὦ πάτερ, ἀκροασόμεθά σου;” καὶ ὁ μὲν δὴ ᾤετο ἀναβαλεῖσθαι αὐτὸν τὴν ἀκρόασιν ὀκνεῖν φήσαντα ἐπ' ἀνδρὸς τοιούτου ἀποκινδυνεύειν, ὁ δὲ οὐδὲν πλασάμενος “τήμερον” ἔφη “ἀκροῶ, καὶ ἴωμεν.” τοῦτο ἀκούσας ὁ ̔Ηρώδης ἐκπλαγῆναί φησι τὸν ἄνδρα, ὡς καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν αὐτοσχέδιον καὶ τὴν γνώμην. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν φρόνημα ἐνδείκνυται τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καί, νὴ Δία, σοφίαν, ᾗ ἐς τὴν ἔκπληξιν ἐχρήσατο, ἐκεῖνα δὲ σωφροσύνην τε καὶ κόσμον: ἀφικόμενον γὰρ ἐς τὴν ἐπίδειξιν ἐδέξατο ἐπαίνῳ μακρῷ καὶ ἐπαξίῳ τῶν ̔Ηρώδου λόγων τε καὶ ἔργων. τὴν δὲ σκηνὴν τοῦ ἀνδρός, ᾗ ἐς τὰς μελέτας ἐχρήσατο, ἔστι μὲν καὶ ̔Ηρώδου μαθεῖν ἐν μιᾷ τῶν πρὸς τὸν Βᾶρον ἐπιστολῇ εἰρημένων, δηλώσω δὲ κἀγὼ ἐκεῖθεν: παρῄει μὲν ἐς τὰς ἐπιδείξεις διακεχυμένῳ τῷ προσώπῳ καὶ τεθαρρηκότι, φοράδην δὲ ἐσεφοίτα διεφθορότων αὐτῷ ἤδη τῶν ἄρθρων. καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις οὐκ ἐς τὸ κοινὸν ἐπεσκοπεῖτο, ἀλλ' ἐξιὼν τοῦ ὁμίλου βραχὺν καιρόν. φθέγμα δὲ ἦν αὐτῷ λαμπρὸν καὶ ἐπίτονον καὶ κρότος θαυμάσιος οἷος ἀπεκτύπει τῆς γλώττης. φησὶ δὲ αὐτὸν ὁ ̔Ηρώδης καὶ ἀναπηδᾶν τοῦ θρόνου περὶ τὰς ἀκμὰς τῶν ὑποθέσεων, τοσοῦτον αὐτῷ περιεῖναι ὁρμῆς, καὶ ὅτε ἀποτορνεύοι περίοδον, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν αὐτῆς κῶλον σὺν μειδιάματι φέρειν, ἐνδεικνύμενον πολὺ τὸ ἀλύπως φράζειν, καὶ κροαίνειν ἐν τοῖς τῶν ὑποθέσεων χωρίοις οὐδὲν μεῖον τοῦ ̔Ομηρικοῦ ἵππου. ἀκροᾶσθαι δὲ αὐτοῦ τὴν μὲν πρώτην, ὡς οἱ δικάζοντες, τὴν δὲ ἐφεξῆς, ὡς οἱ ἐρῶντες, τὴν δὲ τρίτην, ὡς οἱ θαυμάζοντες, καὶ γὰρ δὴ καὶ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ξυγγενέσθαι οἱ. ἀναγράφει καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις ὁ ̔Ηρώδης, ἐφ' αἷς ξυνεγένετο: ἦν τοίνυν ἡ μὲν πρώτη Δημοσθένης ἐξομνύμενος ταλάντων πεντήκοντα δωροδοκίαν, ἣν ἦγεν ἐπ' αὐτὸν Δημάδης, ὡς ̓Αλεξάνδρου τοῦτο ̓Αθηναίοις ἐκ τῶν Δαρείου λογισμῶν ἐπεσταλκότος, ἡ δὲ ἐφεξῆς τὰ τρόπαια κατέλυε τὰ ̔Ελληνικὰ τοῦ Πελοποννησίου πολέμου ἐς διαλλαγὰς ἥκοντος, ἡ δὲ τρίτη τῶν ὑποθέσεων τοὺς ̓Αθηναίους μετὰ Αἰγὸς ποταμοὺς ἐς τοὺς δήμους ἀνεσκεύαζεν: ὑπὲρ οὗ φησιν ὁ ̔Ηρώδης πέμψαι οἱ πεντεκαίδεκα μυριάδας προσειπὼν αὐτὰς μισθὸν τῆς ἀκροάσεως, μὴ προσεμένου δὲ αὐτὸς μὲν ὑπερῶφθαι οἴεσθαι, ξυμπίνοντα δὲ αὐτῷ Μουνάτιον τὸν κριτικόν, ὁ δὲ ἀνὴρ οὗτος ἐκ Τραλλέων, “ὦ ̔Ηρώδη,” φάναι “δοκεῖ μοι Πολέμων ὀνειροπολήσας πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μυριάδας παρὰ τοῦτ' ἔλαττον ἔχειν ἡγεῖσθαι, παρ' ὃ μὴ τοσαύτας ἔπεμψας.” προσθεῖναί φησιν ὁ ̔Ηρώδης τὰς δέκα καὶ τὸν Πολέμωνα προθύμως λαβεῖν, ὥσπερ ἀπολαμβάνοντα. ἔδωκε τῷ Πολέμωνι ὁ ̔Ηρώδης καὶ τὸ μὴ παρελθεῖν ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἐς λόγων ἐπίδειξιν, μηδ' ἐπαγωνίσασθαί οἱ, νύκτωρ δὲ ἐξελάσαι τῆς Σμύρνης, ὡς μὴ βιασθείη, θρασὺ γὰρ καὶ τὸ βιασθῆναι ᾤετο. διετέλει δὲ καὶ τὸν ἄλλον χρόνον ἐπαινῶν τὸν Πολέμωνα καὶ ὑπὲρ θαῦμα ἄγων: ̓Αθήνησι μὲν γὰρ διαπρεπῶς ἀγωνισάμενος τὸν περὶ τῶν τροπαίων ἀγῶνα καὶ θαυμαζόμενος ἐπὶ τῇ φορᾷ τοῦ λόγου “τὴν Πολέμωνος” ἔφη “μελέτην ἀνάγνωτε καὶ εἴσεσθε ἄνδρα.” ̓Ολυμπίασι δὲ βοησάσης ἐπ' αὐτῷ τῆς ̔Ελλάδος “εἶς ὡς Δημοσθένης,” “εἴθε γὰρ” ἔφη “ὡς ὁ Φρύξ,” τὸν Πολέμωνα ὧδε ἐπονομάζων, ἐπειδὴ τότε ἡ Λαοδικεια τῇ Φρυγίᾳ συνετάττετο. Μάρκου δὲ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰπόντος “τί σοι δοκεῖ ὁ Πολέμων;” στήσας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὁ ̔Ηρώδης ἵππων μ' ἔφη ὠκυπόδων ἀμφὶ κτύπος οὔατα βάλλει, ἐνδεικνύμενος δὴ τὸ ἐπίκροτον καὶ τὸ ὑψηχὲς τῶν λόγων. ἐρομένου δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ Βάρου τοῦ ὑπάτου, τίσι καὶ διδασκάλοις ἐχρήσατο, “τῷ δεῖνι μὲν καὶ τῷ δεῖνι” ἔφη “παιδευόμενος, Πολέμωνι δὲ ἤδη παιδεύων.” φησὶν ὁ Πολέμων ἠκροᾶσθαι καὶ Δίωνος ἀποδημίαν ὑπὲρ τούτου στείλας ἐς τὸ τῶν Βιθυνῶν ἔθνος. ἔλεγε δὲ ὁ Πολέμων τὰ μὲν τῶν καταλογάδην ὤμοις δεῖν ἐκφέρειν, τὰ δὲ τῶν ποιητῶν ἁμάξαις. κἀκεῖνα τῶν Πολέμωνι τιμὴν ἐχόντων: ἤριζεν ἡ Σμύρνα ὑπὲρ τῶν ναῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπ' αὐτοῖς δικαίων, ξύνδικον πεποιημένη τὸν Πολέμωνα ἐς τέρμα ἤδη τοῦ βίου ἥκοντα. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐν ὁρμῇ τῆς ὑπὲρ τῶν δικαίων ἀποδημίας ἐτελεύτησεν, ἐγένετο μὲν ἐπ' ἄλλοις ξυνδίκοις ἡ πόλις, πονηρῶς δὲ αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ βασιλείῳ δικαστηρίῳ διατιθεμένων τὸν λόγον βλέψας ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ ἐς τοὺς τῶν Σμυρναίων ξυνηγόρους “οὐ Πολέμων” εἶπεν “τουτουὶ τοῦ ἀγῶνος ξύνδικος ὑμῖν ἀπεδέδεικτο;” “ναί,” ἔφασαν “εἴ γε τὸν σοφιστὴν λέγεις.” καὶ ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ “ἴσως οὖν” ἔφη “καὶ λόγον τινὰ ξυνέγραψεν ὑπὲρ τῶν δικαίων, οἷα δὴ ἐπ' ἐμοῦ τε ἀγωνιούμενος καὶ ὑπὲρ τηλικούτων.” “ἴσως,” ἔφασαν, ὦ βασιλεῦ, “οὐ μὴν ἡμῖν γε εἰδέναι.” καὶ ἔδωκεν ἀναβολὰς ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ τῇ δίκῃ, ἔστ' ἂν διακομισθῇ ὁ λόγος, ἀναγνωσθέντος δὲ ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ κατ' αὐτὸν ἐψηφίσατο ὁ βασιλεύς, καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ἡ Σμύρνα τὰ πρωτεῖα νικῶσα καὶ τὸν Πολέμωνα αὐτοῖς ἀναβεβιωκέναι φάσκοντες. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀνδρῶν ἐλλογίμων ἀξιομνημόνευτα οὐ μόνον τὰ μετὰ σπουδῆς λεχθέντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐν ταῖς παιδιαῖς, ἀναγράψω καὶ τοὺς ἀστεισμοὺς τοῦ Πολέμωνος, ὡς μηδὲ οὗτοι παραλελειμμένοι φαίνοιντο. μειράκιον ̓Ιωνικὸν ἐτρύφα κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν ὑπὲρ τὰ ̓Ιώνων ἤθη, καὶ ἀπώλλυ αὐτὸ πλοῦτος βαθύς, ὅσπερ ἐστὶ πονηρὸς διδάσκαλος τῶν ἀκολάστων φύσεων. ὄνομα μὲν δὴ τῷ μειρακίῳ Οὔαρος, διεφθορὸς δὲ ὑπὸ κολάκων ἐπεπείκει αὐτὸ ἑαυτό, ὡς καλῶν τε εἴη ὁ κάλλιστος καὶ μέγας ὑπὲρ τοὺς εὐμήκεις καὶ τῶν ἀμφὶ παλαίστραν γενναιότατός τε καὶ τεχνικώτατος καὶ μηδ' ἂν τὰς Μούσας ἀναβάλλεσθαι αὐτοῦ ἥδιον, ὁπότε πρὸς τὸ ᾅδειν τράποιτο. παραπλήσια δὲ τούτοις καὶ περὶ τῶν σοφιστῶν ᾤετο, παριππεῦσαι γὰρ ̔ἂν' καὶ τὰς ἐκείνων γλώττας, ὁπότε μελετῴη, καὶ γὰρ δὴ καὶ ἐμελέτα, καὶ οἱ δανειζόμενοι παρ' αὐτοῦ χρήματα τὸ καὶ μελετῶντος ἀκροάσασθαι προσέγραφον τῷ τόκῳ. ὑπήγετο δὲ καὶ ὁ Πολέμων τῷ δασμῷ τούτῳ νέος ὢν ἔτι καὶ οὔπω νοσῶν, δεδάνειστο γὰρ παρ' αὐτοῦ χρήματα, καὶ ἐπεὶ μὴ ἐθεράπευε, μηδὲ ἐς τὰς ἀκροάσεις ἐφοίτα, χαλεπὸν ἦν τὸ μειράκιον καὶ ἠπείλει τύπους. οἱ δὲ τύποι γράμμα εἰσὶν ἀγορᾶς, ἐρήμην ἐπαγγέλλον τῷ οὐκ ἀποδιδόντι. αἰτιωμένων οὖν τὸν Πολέμωνα τῶν οἰκείων, ὡς ἀηδῆ καὶ δύστροπον, εἰ παρὸν αὐτῷ μὴ ἀπαιτεῖσθαι καὶ τὸ μειράκιον ἐκκαρποῦσθαι παρέχοντα αὐτῷ νεῦμα εὔνουν μὴ ποιεῖ τοῦτο, ἀλλ' ἐκκαλεῖται αὐτὸ καὶ παροξύνει, τοιαῦτα ἀκούων ἀπήντησε μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀκρόασιν, ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐς δείλην ἤδη ὀψίαν τὰ τῆς μελέτης αὐτῷ προὔβαινε καὶ οὐδεὶς ὅρμος ἐφαίνετο τοῦ λόγου, σολοικισμῶν τε καὶ βαρβαρισμῶν καὶ ἐναντιώσεων πλέα ἦν πάντα, ἀναπηδήσας ὁ Πολέμων καὶ ὑποσχὼν τὼ χεῖρε “Οὔαρε”, εἶπεν “φέρε τοὺς τύπους.” λῃστὴν δὲ πολλαῖς αἰτίαις ἑαλωκότα στρεβλοῦντος ἀνθυπάτου καὶ ἀπορεῖν φάσκοντος, τίς γένοιτ' ἂν ἐπ' αὐτῷ τιμωρία τῶν εἰργασμένων ἀξία, παρατυχὼν ὁ Πολέμων “κέλευσον” ἔφη “αὐτὸν ἀρχαῖα ἐκμανθάνειν.” καίτοι γὰρ πλεῖστα ἐκμαθὼν ὁ σοφιστὴς οὗτος ὅμως ἐπιπονώτατον ἡγεῖτο τῶν ἐν ἀσκήσει τὸ ἐκμανθάνειν. ἰδὼν δὲ μονόμαχον ἱδρῶτι ῥεόμενον καὶ δεδιότα τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγῶνα “οὕτως” εἶπεν “ἀγωνιᾷς, ὡς μελετᾶν μέλλων.” σοφιστῇ δὲ ἐντυχὼν ἀλλᾶντας ὠνουμένῳ καὶ μαινίδας καὶ τὰ εὐτελῆ ὄψα “ὦ λῷστε,” εἶπεν “οὐκ ἔστι τὸ Δαρείου καὶ Ξέρξου φρόνημα καλῶς ὑποκρίνασθαι ταῦτα σιτουμένῳ.” Τιμοκράτους δὲ τοῦ φιλοσόφου πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰπόντος, ὡς λάλον χρῆμα ὁ Φαβωρῖνος γένοιτο, ἀστειότατα ὁ Πολέμων “καὶ πᾶσα” ἔφη “γραῦς” τὸ εὐνουχῶδες αὐτοῦ διασκώπτων. ἀγωνιστοῦ δὲ τραγῳδίας ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν ̓Ολυμπίοις τὸ “ὦ Ζεῦ” ἐς τὴν γῆν δείξαντος, τὸ δὲ “καὶ γᾶ” ἐς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνασχόντος, προκαθήμενος τῶν ̓Ολυμπίων ὁ Πολέμων ἐξέωσεν αὐτὸν τῶν ἄθλων εἰπὼν “οὗτος τῇ χειρὶ ἐσολοίκισεν.” μὴ πλείω ὑπὲρ τούτων, ἀπόχρη γὰρ καὶ ταῦτα τὸ ἐπίχαρι τοῦ ἀνδρὸς δηλῶσαι. ἡ δὲ ἰδέα τῶν Πολέμωνος λόγων θερμὴ καὶ ἐναγώνιος καὶ τορὸν ἠχοῦσα, ὥσπερ ἡ ̓Ολυμπιακὴ σάλπιγξ, ἐπιπρέπει δὲ αὐτῇ καὶ τὸ Δημοσθενικὸν τῆς γνώμης, καὶ ἡ σεμνολογία οὐχ ὑπτία, λαμπρὰ δὲ καὶ ἔμπνους, ὥσπερ ἐκ τρίποδος. διαμαρτάνουσι μέν̔τοἰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς φάσκοντες αὐτὸν τὰς μὲν ἐπιφορὰς ἄριστα σοφιστῶν μεταχειρίσασθαι, τὰς δὲ ἀπολογίας ἧττον, ἐλέγχει γὰρ τὸν λόγον τοῦτον ὡς οὐκ ἀληθῆ καὶ ἡ δεῖνα μὲν καὶ ἡ δεῖνα τῶν ὑποθέσεων, ἐν αἷς ἀπολογεῖται, μάλιστα δὲ ὁ Δημοσθένης ὁ τὰ πεντήκοντα τάλαντα ἐξομνύμενος. ἀπολογίαν γὰρ οὕτω χαλεπὴν διαθέμενος ἤρκεσε τῷ λόγῳ ξὺν περιβολῇ καὶ τέχνῃ. τὴν αὐτὴν ὁρῶ διαμαρτίαν καὶ περὶ τοὺς ἡγουμένους αὐτὸν ἐκφέρεσθαι τῶν ἐσχηματισμένων ὑποθέσεων εἰργόμενον τοῦ δρόμου, καθάπερ ἐν δυσχωρίᾳ ἵππον, παραιτούμενόν τε αὐτὰς τὰς ̔Ομηρείους γνώμας εἰπεῖν ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς ̓Αίδαο πύλῃσιν, ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ, ταῦτα γὰρ ἴσως ἔλεγεν αἰνιττόμενος καὶ παραδηλῶν τὸ δύστροπον τῶν τοιούτων ὑποθέσεων, ἄριστα δὲ κἀκεῖνα ἠγωνίσατο, ὡς δηλοῦσιν ὅ τε μοιχὸς ὁ ἐκκεκαλυμμένος καὶ ὁ Ξενοφῶν ὁ ἀξιῶν ἀποθνήσκειν ἐπὶ Σωκράτει καὶ ὁ Σόλων ὁ αἰτῶν ἀπαλείφειν τοὺς νόμους λαβόντος τὴν φρουρὰν τοῦ Πεισιστράτου καὶ οἱ Δημοσθένεις τρεῖς, ὁ μετὰ Χαιρώνειαν προσάγων ἑαυτὸν καὶ ὁ δοκῶν θανάτου ἑαυτῷ τιμᾶσθαυ ἐπὶ τοῖς ̔Αρπαλείοις καὶ ὁ ξυμβουλεύων ἐπὶ τῶν τριήρων φεύγειν ἐπιόντος μὲν Φιλίππου, νόμον δὲ Αἰσχίνου κεκυρωκότος ἀποθνήσκειν τὸν πολέμου μνημονεύσαντα. ἐν γὰρ ταύταις μάλιστα τῶν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ κατὰ σχῆμα προηγμένων ἡνία τε ἐμβέβληται τῷ λόγῳ καὶ τὸ ἐπαμφότερον αἱ διάνοιαι σώζουσιν. ἰατροῖς δὲ θαμὰ ὑποκείμενος λιθιώντων αὐτῷ τῶν ἄρθρων παρεκελεύετο αὐτοῖς ὀρύττειν καὶ τέμνειν τὰς Πολέμωνος λιθοτομίας. ̔Ηρώδῃ δὲ ἐπιστέλλων ὑπὲρ τῆς νόσου ταύτης ὧδε ἐπέστειλεν: “δεῖ ἐσθίειν, χεῖρας οὐκ ἔχω: δεῖ βαδίζειν, πόδες οὐκ εἰσί μοι: δεῖ ἀλγεῖν, τότε καὶ πόδες εἰσί μοι καὶ χεῖρες.” ̓Ετελεύτα μὲν περὶ τὰ ἓξ καὶ πεντήκοντα ἔτη, τὸ δὲ μέτρον τῆς ἡλικίας τοῦτο ταῖς μὲν ἄλλαις ἐπιστήμαις γήρως ἀρχή, σοφιστῇ δὲ νεότης ἔτι, γηράσκουσα γὰρ ἥδε ἡ ἐπιστήμη σοφίαν ἀρτύνει. τάφος δὲ αὐτῷ κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν οὐδείς, εἰ καὶ πλείους λέγονται: οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐν τῷ κήπῳ τοῦ τῆς ̓Αρετῆς ἱεροῦ ταφῆναι αὐτόν, οἱ δὲ οὐ πόρρω τούτου ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ, νεὼς δέ τίς ἐστι βραχὺς καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐν αὐτῷ Πολέμωνος ἐσταλμένον, ὡς ἐπὶ τῆς τριήρους ὠργίαζεν, ὑφ' ᾧ κεῖσθαι τὸν ἄνδρα, οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ τῆς οἰκίας αὐλῇ ὑπὸ τοῖς χαλκοῖς ἀνδριᾶσιν. ἔστι δὲ οὐδὲν τούτων ἀληθές, εἰ γὰρ ἐτελεύτα κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν, οὐδενὸς ἂν τῶν θαυμασίων παρ' αὐτοῖς ἱερῶν ἀπηξιώθη τὸ μὴ οὐκ ἐν αὐτῷ κεῖσθαι. ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνα ἀληθέστερα, κεῖσθαι μὲν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ Λαοδικείᾳ παρὰ τὰς Συρίας πύλας, οὗ δὴ καὶ τῶν προγόνων αὐτοῦ θῆκαι, ταφῆναι δὲ αὐτὸν ζῶντα ἔτι, τουτὶ γὰρ τοῖς φιλτάτοις ἐπισκῆψαι, κείμενόν τε ἐν τῷ σήματι παρακελεύεσθαι τοῖς συγκλείουσι τὸν τάφον “ἔπαγε, ἔπαγε, μὴ γὰρ ἴδοι με σιωπῶντα ἥλιος.” πρὸς δὲ τοὺς οἰκείους ὀλοφυρομένους αὐτὸν ἀνεβόησε: “δότε μοι σῶμα καὶ μελετήσομαι.” μέχρι Πολέμωνος τὰ Πολέμωνος, οἱ γὰρ ἐπ' αὐτῷ γενόμενοι ξυγγενεῖς μέν, οὐ μὴν οἷοι πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνου ἀρετὴν ἐξετάζεσθαι, πλὴν ἑνὸς ἀνδρός, περὶ οὗ μικρὸν ὕστερον λέξω. 2.4. ̓Αντίοχον δὲ τὸν σοφιστὴν αἱ Κιλίκων Αἰγαὶ ἤνεγκαν οὕτω τι εὐπατρίδην, ὡς νῦν ἔτι τὸ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γένος ὑπάτους εἶναι. αἰτίαν δὲ ἔχων δειλίας, ἐπεὶ μὴ παρῄει ἐς τὸν δῆμον, μηδὲ ἐς τὸ κοινὸν ἐπολίτευεν, “οὐχ ὑμᾶς”, εἶπεν “ἀλλ' ἐμαυτὸν δέδοικα”, εἰδώς που τὴν ἑαυτοῦ χολὴν ἄκρατόν τε καὶ οὐ καθεκτὴν οὖσαν. ἀλλ' ὅμως ὠφέλει τοὺς ἀστοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς οὐσίας, ὅ τι εἴη δυνατός, σῖτόν τε ἐπιδιδούς, ὁπότε τούτου δεομένους αἴσθοιτο, καὶ χρήματα ἐς τὰ πεπονηκότα τῶν ἔργων. τὰς δὲ πλείους τῶν νυκτῶν ἐς τὸ τοῦ ̓Ασκληπιοῦ ἱερὸν ἀπεκάθευδεν ὑπέρ τε ὀνειράτων ὑπέρ τε ξυνουσίας, ὁπόση ἐγρηγορότων τε καὶ διαλεγομένων ἀλλήλοις, διελέγετο γὰρ αὐτῷ ἐγρηγορότι ὁ θεὸς καλὸν ἀγώνισμα ποιούμενος τῆς ἑαυτοῦ τέχνης τὸ τὰς νόσους ἐρύκειν τοῦ ̓Αντιόχου. ἀκροατὴς ὁ ̓Αντίοχος ἐν παισὶ μὲν Δαρδάνου τοῦ ̓Ασσυρίου, προιὼν δὲ ἐς τὰ μειράκια Διονυσίου ἐγένετο τοῦ Μιλησίου κατέχοντος ἤδη τὴν ̓Εφεσίων. διελέγετο μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἐπιτηδείως — φρονιμώτατος δ' ἀνθρώπων γενόμενος διέβαλλεν αὐτὸ ὡς μειρακιῶδες, ἵνα ὑπερεωρακὼς αὐτοῦ μᾶλλον ἢ ἀπολειπόμενος φαίνοιτο — τὰ δὲ ἀμφὶ μελέτην ἐλλογιμώτατος: ἀσφαλὴς μὲν γὰρ ἐν ταῖς κατὰ σχῆμα προηγμέναις τῶν ὑποθέσεων, σφοδρὸς δὲ ἐν ταῖς κατηγορίαις καὶ ἐπιφοραῖς, εὐπρεπὴς δὲ τὰς ἀπολογίας καὶ τῷ ἠθικῷ ἰσχύων, καὶ καθάπαξ τῆν ἰδέαν τοῦ λόγου δικανικῆς μὲν σοφιστικώτερος, σοφιστικῆς δὲ δικανικώτερος. καὶ τὰ πάθη ἄριστα σοφιστῶν μετεχειρίσατο, οὐ γὰρ μονῳδίας ἀπεμήκυνεν, οὐδὲ θρήνους ὑποκειμένους, ἀλλ' ἐβραχυλόγει αὐτὰ ξὺν διανοίαις λόγου κρείττοσιν, ὡς ἔκ τε τῶν ἄλλων ὑποθέσεων δηλοῦται καὶ μάλιστα ἐκ τῶνδε: κόρη βιασθεῖσα θάνατον ᾕρηται τοῦ βιασαμένου: μετὰ ταῦτα γέγονε παιδίον ἐκ τῆς βίας καὶ διαμιλλῶνται οἱ πάπποι, παρ' ὁποτέρῳ τρέφοιτο τὸ παιδίον. ἀγωνιζόμενος οὖν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πρὸς πατρὸς πάππου “ἀπόδος” ἔφη “τὸ παιδίον, ἀπόδος ἤδη, πρὶν γεύσηται μητρῴου γάλακτος.” ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα ὑπόθεσις τοιαύτη: τύραννον καταθέμενον τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπὶ τῷ ἐκλελύσθαι ἀπέκτεινέ τις εὐνοῦχος ὑπ' αὐτοῦ γεγονὼς καὶ ἀπολογεῖται ὑπὲρ τοῦ φόνου. ἐνταῦθα τὸ μάλιστα ἐρρωμένον τῆς κατηγορίας τὸν περὶ τῶν σπονδῶν λόγον ἀπεώσατο περίνοιαν ἐγκαταμίξας τῷ πάθει: “τίσι γὰρ” ἔφη “ταῦτα ὡμολόγησε; παισὶ γυναίοις μειρακίοις πρεσβύταις ἀνδράσιν: ἐγὼ δὲ ὄνομα ἐν ταῖς συνθήκαις οὐκ ἔχω.” ἄριστα δὲ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν Κρητῶν ἀπολελόγηται τῶν κρινομένων ἐπὶ τῷ τοῦ Διὸς σήματι φυσιολογίᾳ τε καὶ θεολογίᾳ πάσῃ ἐναγωνισάμενος λαμπρῶς. τὰς μὲν οὖν μελέτας αὐτοσχεδίους ἐποιεῖτο, ἔμελε δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ φροντισμάτων, ὡς ἕτερά τε δηλοῖ τῶν ἐκείνου καὶ μάλιστα ἡ ἱστορία, ἐπίδειξιν γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ πεποίηται λέξεώς τε καὶ ῥητορείας, ἐσποιῶν ἑαυτὸν καὶ τῷ φιλοκαλεῖν. περὶ δὲ τῆς τελευτῆς τοῦ ἀνδρός, οἱ μὲν ἑβδομηκοντούτην τεθνάναι αὐτόν, οἱ δὲ οὔπω, καὶ οἱ μὲν οἴκοι, οἱ δὲ ἑτέρωθι.

34. Philostratus The Athenian, Life of Apollonius, 2.37.2, 4.34 (2nd cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, isyllos hymn •epidauros asklepieion, regular clientele and distinguished visitors Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 16, 122

4.34. διατρίψας δ' ἐν τῇ Σπάρτῃ μετὰ τὴν ̓Ολυμπίαν χρόνον, ὡς ἐτελεύτα ὁ χειμών, ἐπὶ Μαλέαν ἦλθεν ἀρχομένου ἦρος, ὡς ἐς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἀφήσων. διανοουμένῳ δ' αὐτῷ ταῦτα ἐγένετο ὄναρ τοιόνδε: ἐδόκει γυναῖκα μεγίστην τε καὶ πρεσβυτάτην περιβάλλειν αὐτὸν καὶ δεῖσθαί οἱ ξυγγενέσθαι, πρὶν ἐς ̓Ιταλοὺς πλεῦσαι, Διὸς δὲ εἶναι ἡ τροφὸς ἔλεγε καὶ ἦν αὐτῇ στέφανος πάντ' ἔχων τὰ ἐκ γῆς καὶ θαλάττης. λογισμὸν δὲ αὑτῷ διδοὺς τῆς ὄψεως ξυνῆκεν, ὅτι πλευστέα εἴη ἐς Κρήτην πρότερον, ἣν τροφὸν ἡγούμεθα τοῦ Διός, ἐπειδὴ ἐν ταύτῃ ἐμαιεύθη, ὁ δὲ στέφανος καὶ ἄλλην ἴσως δηλώσαι νῆσον. οὐσῶν δὲ ἐν Μαλέᾳ νεῶν πλειόνων, αἳ ἐς Κρήτην ἀφήσειν ἔμελλον, ἐνέβη ναῦν ἀποχρῶσαν τῷ κοινῷ: κοινὸν δὲ ἐκάλει τούς τε ἑταίρους καὶ τοὺς τῶν ἑταίρων δούλους, οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκείνους παρεώρα. προσπλεύσας δὲ Κυδωνίᾳ καὶ παραπλεύσας ἐς Κνωσσὸν τὸν μὲν Λαβύρινθον, ὃς ἐκεῖ δείκνυται, ξυνεῖχε δέ, οἶμαί, ποτε τὸν Μινώταυρον, βουλομένων ἰδεῖν τῶν ἑταίρων, ἐκείνοις μὲν ξυνεχώρει τοῦτο, αὐτὸς δὲ οὐκ ἂν ἔφη θεατὴς γενέσθαι τῆς ἀδικίας τοῦ Μίνω. προῄει δὲ ἐπὶ Γόρτυναν πόθῳ τῆς ̓́Ιδης. ἀνελθὼν οὖν καὶ τοῖς θεολογουμένοις ἐντυχὼν ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τὸ Λεβηναῖον: ἔστι δὲ ̓Ασκληπιοῦ καὶ ὥσπερ ἡ ̓Ασία ἐς τὸ Πέργαμον, οὕτως ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ξυνεφοίτα ἡ Κρήτη, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ Λιβύων ἐς αὐτὸ περαιοῦνται: καὶ γὰρ τέτραπται πρὸς τὸ Λιβυκὸν πέλαγος κατὰ γοῦν τὴν Φαιστόν, ἔνθα τὴν πολλὴν ἀνείργει θάλατταν ὁ μικρὸς λίθος. Λεβηναῖον δὲ τὸ ἱερὸν ὠνομάσθαι φασίν, ἐπειδὴ ἀκρωτήριον ἐξ αὐτοῦ κατατείνει λέοντι εἰκασμένον, οἷα πολλὰ αἱ ξυντυχίαι τῶν πετρῶν ἀποφαίνουσι, μῦθόν τε ἐπὶ τῷ ἀκρωτηρίῳ ᾅδουσιν, ὡς λέων εἷς οὗτος γένοιτο τῶν ὑποζυγίων ποτὲ τῇ ̔Ρέᾳ. ἐνταῦθα διαλεγομένου ποτὲ τοῦ ̓Απολλωνίου περὶ μεσημβρίαν, διελέγετο δὲ πολλοῖς ἀνδράσιν, ὑφ' ὧν τὸ ἱερὸν ἐθεραπεύετο, σεισμὸς ἀθρόως τῇ Κρήτῃ προσέβαλε, βροντὴ δὲ οὐκ ἐκ νεφῶν, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς γῆς ὑπήχησεν, ἡ θάλαττα δὲ ὑπενόστησε στάδια ἴσως ἑπτά. καὶ οἱ μὲν πολλοὶ ἔδεισαν, μὴ τὸ πέλαγος ὑποχωρῆσαν ἐπισπάσηται τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ ἀπενεχθῶσιν, ὁ δὲ ̓Απολλώνιος “θαρσεῖτε”, ἔφη “ἡ γὰρ θάλαττα γῆν ἔτεκε”. καὶ οἱ μὲν ᾤοντο αὐτὸν τὴν ὁμόνοιαν τῶν στοιχείων λέγειν, καὶ ὅτι μηδὲν ἂν ἡ θάλαττα νεώτερον ἐς τὴν γῆν ἐργάσαιτο, μετὰ δὲ ἡμέρας ὀλίγας ἀφικόμενοί τινες ἐκ τῆς Κυδωνιάτιδος ἤγγειλαν, ὅτι κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τε καὶ μεσημβρίαν, ἣν ἐγένετο ἡ διοσημία, νῆσος ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης ἀνεδόθη περὶ τὸν πορθμὸν τὸν διαρρἐοντα Θήραν τε καὶ Κρήτην. ἐάσαντες οὖν λόγων μῆκος ἔλθωμεν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς ἐν ̔Ρώμῃ σπουδάς, αἳ ἐγένοντο αὐτῷ μετὰ τὰ ἐν Κρήτῃ.

4.34. He stayed in Sparta for some time after the Olympic Festival, until the winter was over; and at the beginning of the spring proceeded to Malea with the intention of setting out for Rome. But while he was still pondering this project, he had the following dream: It seemed as if a woman both very tall and venerable in years embraced him, and asked him to visit her before he set sail for Italy; and she said that she was the nurse of Zeus, and she wore a wreath that held everything that is on the earth or in the seas. He proceeded to ponder the meaning of the vision, and came to the conclusion that he ought first to sail to Crete, which we regard as the nurse of Zeus, because in that island Zeus was born; although the wreath might perhaps indicate some other island. Now there were several ships at Malea, making ready to set sail to Crete, so he embarked upon one sufficient for his association, which is the title he gave to his companions, and also his companions' servants, for he did not think it right to pass over the latter. And he bent his course for Cydonia, and sailed past that place to Knossus, where a labyrinth is shown, which, I believe, once on a time, contained the Minotaur. As his companions were anxious to see this he allowed them to do so, but refused himself to be a spectator of the injustice of Minos, and continued his course to Gortyna because he longed to visit Ida. He accordingly climbed up, and after visiting the sacred sites he passed on to the shrine of Lebena. And this is a shrine of Asclepius, and just as the whole of Asia flocks to Pergamon, so the whole of Crete flocked to this shrine; and many Libyans also cross the sea to visit it, for it faces towards the Libyan sea close to Phaestus, where the little rock keeps out a might sea. And they say that this shrine is named that of Lebena, because a promontory juts out from it which resembles a lion, for here, as often, a chance arrangement of the rocks suggests an animal form; and they tell a story about this promontory, how it was once one of the lion which were yoked in the chariot of Rhea. Here Apollonius was haranguing on one occasion about midday, and was addressing quite a number of people who were worshipping at the shrine, when an earthquake shook the whole of Crete at once, and a roar of thunder was heard to issue not from the clouds but from the earth, and the sea receded about seven stadia. And most of them were afraid that the sea by receding in this way would drag the temple after it, so that they would be carried away. But Apollonius said: Be of good courage, for the sea has given birth and brought forth land. And they thought that he was alluding to the harmony of the elements, and was urging that the sea would never wreak any violence upon the land; but after a few days some travelers arrived from Cydoniatis and announced that on the very day on which this portent occurred and just at the same hour of midday, an island rose out of the sea in the firth between Thera and Crete. However, I must give up all prolixity and hurry on to relate the conversations which he held in Rome, subsequently to his stay in Crete.

35. Marcus Aurelius Emperor of Rome, Meditations, 1.17.20, 5.8.1 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, carian dedication to asklepios in epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, regular clientele and distinguished visitors •epidauros asklepieion, visit of hadrian •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •hadrian, visit to epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 120

36. Herodian, History of The Empire After Marcus, 4.8.3 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, carian dedication to asklepios in epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, regular clientele and distinguished visitors •epidauros asklepieion, visit of hadrian •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •hadrian, visit to epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 120

37. Aelian, Fragments, 101, 103 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 227

38. Origen, Against Celsus, 3.3, 3.24 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation •epidauros asklepieion, lex sacra for preliminary offerings and sacrifices •epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation •epidauros asklepieion, tholos •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, isyllos hymn Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 203

3.3. In the next place, miracles were performed in all countries, or at least in many of them, as Celsus himself admits, instancing the case of Æsculapius, who conferred benefits on many, and who foretold future events to entire cities, which were dedicated to him, such as Tricca, and Epidaurus, and Cos, and Pergamus; and along with Æsculapius he mentions Aristeas of Proconnesus, and a certain Clazomenian, and Cleomedes of Astypal a. But among the Jews alone, who say they are dedicated to the God of all things, there was wrought no miracle or sign which might help to confirm their faith in the Creator of all things, and strengthen their hope of another and better life! But how can they imagine such a state of things? For they would immediately have gone over to the worship of those demons which gave oracles and performed cures, and deserted the God who was believed, as far as words went, to assist them, but who never manifested to them His visible presence. But if this result has not taken place, and if, on the contrary, they have suffered countless calamities rather than renounce Judaism and their law, and have been cruelly treated, at one time in Assyria, at another in Persia, and at another under Antiochus, is it not in keeping with the probabilities of the case for those to suppose who do not yield their belief to their miraculous histories and prophecies, that the events in question could not be inventions, but that a certain divine Spirit being in the holy souls of the prophets, as of men who underwent any labour for the cause of virtue, did move them to prophesy some things relating to their contemporaries, and others to their posterity, but chiefly regarding a certain personage who was to come as a Saviour to the human race? 3.24. And again, when it is said of Æsculapius that a great multitude both of Greeks and Barbarians acknowledge that they have frequently seen, and still see, no mere phantom, but Æsculapius himself, healing and doing good, and foretelling the future; Celsus requires us to believe this, and finds no fault with the believers in Jesus, when we express our belief in such stories, but when we give our assent to the disciples, and eye-witnesses of the miracles of Jesus, who clearly manifest the honesty of their convictions (because we see their guilelessness, as far as it is possible to see the conscience revealed in writing), we are called by him a set of silly individuals, although he cannot demonstrate that an incalculable number, as he asserts, of Greeks and Barbarians acknowledge the existence of Æsculapius; while we, if we deem this a matter of importance, can clearly show a countless multitude of Greeks and Barbarians who acknowledge the existence of Jesus. And some give evidence of their having received through this faith a marvellous power by the cures which they perform, revoking no other name over those who need their help than that of the God of all things, and of Jesus, along with a mention of His history. For by these means we too have seen many persons freed from grievous calamities, and from distractions of mind, and madness, and countless other ills, which could be cured neither by men nor devils.

39. Porphyry, On Abstinence, 2.19.5 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, purity requirement inscribed on temple Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 211

40. Libanius, Letters, 362.5, 727.1, 1300.1, 1303.1, 1483.5 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 224, 604, 708

41. Julian (Emperor), Against The Galileans, None (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181, 182

42. Libanius, Orations, 1.143, 1.243 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •epidauros asklepieion, isyllos hymn Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 708

43. Ammianus Marcellinus, History, 29.1.31 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •epidauros asklepieion, isyllos hymn Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 708

29.1.31. Then a man clad in linen garments, shod also in linen sandals and having a fillet wound about his head, carrying twigs from a tree of good omen, after propitiating in a set formula the divine power from whom predictions come, having full knowledge of the ceremonial, stood over the tripod as priest and set swinging a hanging ring fitted to a very fine linen Valesius read carbasio, which would correspond to the linen garments and sandals; the Thes. Ling. Lat. reads carpathio = linteo . thread and consecrated with mystic arts. This ring, passing over the designated intervals in a series of jumps, and falling upon this and that letter which detained it, made hexameters corresponding with the questions and completely finished in feet and rhythm, like the Pythian verses which we read, or those given out from the oracles of the Branchidae. The descendants of a certain Branchus, a favourite of Apollo, who were at first in charge of the oracle at Branchidae, later called oraculum Apollinis Didymei (Mela, i. 17, 86), in the Milesian territory; cf. Hdt. i. 1 57. The rings had magic powers, cf. Cic., De off. iii. 9, 38; Pliny, N. H. xxxiii. 8. Some writers give a different account of the method of divination used by the conspirators.

44. Themistius, Orations, 27.333 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, isyllos hymn Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 202

45. Marinus, Vita Proclus, 7, 32 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 307

46. Oribasius, Liber Incertus (Collectiones Medicae Libri Incerti), 45.30.10-45.30.14 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, regular clientele and distinguished visitors Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 122

47. Damaskios, In Parmenidem, 245 (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, telesphoros Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 684

48. Damaskios, Vita Isidori, None (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, apollo maleatas cult and sanctuary Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 533

49. Damaskios, Vita Isidori (Ap. Photium, Bibl. Codd. 181, 242), None (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, apollo maleatas cult and sanctuary Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 533

50. Epigraphy, Amph.-Orop. 3), 51.1430, 56.89 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation •epidauros asklepieion, building e and incubation •epidauros asklepieion, question of sexes sleeping separately •epidauros asklepieion, stoas preceding abaton •epidauros asklepieion, toilets •epidauros asklepieion, abaton/incubation stoa Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 130, 218, 237

51. Epigraphy, I.Agora, None Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, apollo maleatas cult and sanctuary •epidauros asklepieion, lex sacra for preliminary offerings and sacrifices •epidauros asklepieion, small altars for preliminary offerings •machaon, at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 252

53. Artifact, Patras, 208 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, relief with procession Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 222

56. Artifact, Limc V, “Somnus”, 8 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, hypnos and oneiros •hypnos/somnus, at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 681

57. Anon., Narratio De Miraculo A Michaele Archangelo Chonis Patrato, 3 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 790

58. Epigraphy, I.Iasos Ii, 227 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 178

59. Anon., Vit. S. Magdalvei, 2.24 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 790

60. Epigraphy, I.Epidauros, 28-29, 52 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 236

61. Epigraphy, Htc, 53 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, carian dedication to asklepios in epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, regular clientele and distinguished visitors •epidauros asklepieion, visit of hadrian •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •hadrian, visit to epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 120, 121

63. Ps.-Aurelius Victor, De Viris Illustribus Urbis Romae, 22.1-22.3 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 182

64. Epigraphy, I.Epidaurosasklep, 128, 220-221, 235, 336 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 252, 254

66. Epigraphy, I.Cos, 348 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 205

67. Artifact, Paros Mus., 187, 795, 128 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 154

68. Artifact, Limc Ii, Â€Œasklepiosâ€, 69, 63 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 254

69. Artifact, Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg, None Tagged with subjects: •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 190

70. Papyri, P.Mich., 1.31 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, temple of egyptian gods •hygieia, at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 344

71. Papyri, P.Eleph., 11.1381 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 273, 562

72. Posidippus, Iamatika; Edited In C. Austin & G. Bastianini, Posidippi Pellaei Quae Supersunt Omnia (Milan,2002), 100-101, 95-99 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 214, 216, 217

73. Epigraphy, Ricis, 102/1701, 106/0301, 113/0530, 113/0536, 115/0201, 202/0307, 202/0375, 202/0376, 202/0414, 202/0901, 202/0902, 203/0301, 311/0201, 501/0151, 502/0702, 503/1118, 603/1001, 616/0406, 702/0401 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 344, 345

74. Epigraphy, Inscr. De Delos, 2384, 2386-2387, 2060 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 344, 367

75. Epigraphy, Rhodes & Osborne Ghi, 102 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, apollo maleatas cult and sanctuary •epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 172

76. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 1.8.2 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 182

77. Epigraphy, Lscgsupp., 118, 35 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 228

78. Epigraphy, Die Inschriften Von Pergamon, 11, 125-126, 161, 124 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181

79. Artifact, Amph.-Orop. 1), None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 290

80. Artifact, Amph.-Orop. 2), 201, 248, 338 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 254

81. Artifact, Argos, None Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, hypnos and oneiros •hypnos/somnus, at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 681

82. Artifact, Athens, National Archaeological Museum, 1330, 1384, 1395 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 222, 254

83. Galen, Commentarius In Hippocratis Iusiurandum, None Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation •epidauros asklepieion, lex sacra for preliminary offerings and sacrifices •epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 205

84. Artifact, Berlin, Staatliche Museen, Antikensammlung, None Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, relief with procession Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 222

85. Various, Anthologia Palatina, 6.330 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, carian dedication to asklepios in epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation •epidauros asklepieion, presence of zakoroi •epidauros asklepieion, regular clientele and distinguished visitors •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation •sacred animals (greek), dogs at epidauros asklepieion •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 121, 122, 216, 217, 229

86. Epigraphy, Ngsl2, 7 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, sacred bath/bath of asklepios Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 244

87. Artifact, Limc V, “Hygieia”, 24 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, relief with procession Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 222

88. Aristophanes, Amphiaraos; Fragments Collected In Kassel-Austin, 28 Tagged with subjects: •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 273

89. Epigraphy, Ig Xii,5, 156-158, 126 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 154, 228, 229

90. Epigraphy, Ig Xii,4, 496-505, 507, 506 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 203

91. Epigraphy, Ig Xii,3, 1088, 1087 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 345

92. Epigraphy, Ig Xi,4, 1032 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, presence of zakoroi •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 229

93. Epigraphy, Ig X,2 1, 58, 255 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 391

94. Epigraphy, Ig Ix,2, 1109 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, water channels and fountains •epidauros asklepieion, sacred bath/bath of asklepios Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 150

95. Epigraphy, Ig Ix,1, 89 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory formulas and incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 391

96. Epigraphy, Ig Iv ,1, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 121, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178

97. Epigraphy, Igbulg Iii,1, 1476 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, hypnos and oneiros •hypnos/somnus, at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 680

98. Epigraphy, Ig Iv, 40 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieion, epidauros Found in books: Ekroth (2013), The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period, 226

99. Epigraphy, I.Cret., None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 11, 168, 169, 179, 180, 562

100. Artifact, Svoronos, Nationalmuseum, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan

101. Epigraphy, Epigr. Tou Oropou, 277, 294, 329, 276 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 228

102. Epigraphy, Deir El-Bahari, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 266

103. Epigraphy, Cil, 6.18, 6.436, 14.4290 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, epidoteion •epidauros asklepieion, hypnos and oneiros •hypnos/somnus, at epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, temple of egyptian gods Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 367, 687

104. Epigraphy, Be, 1964 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181

105. Epigraphy, Ae, 1926, 1981, 223, 739, 89, 1967 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan nan nan nan nan

106. Papyri, P.Dembrit.Mus., 10822 Tagged with subjects: •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 604

107. Epigraphy, Ig Ii2, 4441, 4514, 4971, 4986-4989, 4970 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 252

108. Epigraphy, Igur, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 231, 236, 263

109. Epigraphy, Ils, 3851 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, epidoteion •epidauros asklepieion, hypnos and oneiros •hypnos/somnus, at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 687

110. Epigraphy, Irt, 264 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, egyptian gods •epidauros asklepieion, temple of egyptian gods •hygieia, at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 344, 345

112. Epigraphy, Ilafr, 225 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 562

113. Epigraphy, Horos, 22-25(2010-13) Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, apollo maleatas cult and sanctuary •epidauros asklepieion, lex sacra for preliminary offerings and sacrifices •epidauros asklepieion, small altars for preliminary offerings •machaon, at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 252, 254

114. Epigraphy, Cig Iii, 4100, 6753 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 684

115. Anon., Anthologia Epigrammatum Graecorum, 183 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, purity requirement inscribed on temple Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 211

116. Artifact, Pergamon, None Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181

117. Epigraphy, I.Pergamon 2, 264, 613 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181

118. Anon., Vit. Maximini (Vita De Sancto Maximino Episcopo Trevirensi), 12 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 790

119. Epigraphy, Aa.Ss., None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan nan nan

120. Flavius Philostratus, Imagines, 1.27, 1.27.3 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, overshadowing of trikka asklepieion •trikka asklepieion, overshadowed by epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, hypnos and oneiros •hypnos/somnus, at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 672, 680

122. Epigraphy, Totti, Ausgewählte Texte, 61 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, purity requirement inscribed on temple Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 211

123. Anon., Scholia In Platonem, None Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 11

124. Epigraphy, Samama, Médecins, 122 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, isyllos hymn Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 16

125. Epigraphy, Syll. , 1157 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, water channels and fountains •epidauros asklepieion, sacred bath/bath of asklepios Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 150

126. Epigraphy, Seg, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168

127. Epigraphy, Ogis, 1.264 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181

128. Epigraphy, Labraunda, 58, 94, 59 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 170

129. Artifact, Poulsen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, None Tagged with subjects: •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 190

130. Anon., Passio Ss. Quattuor Coronatorum, 22 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion, visit of marcus julius apellas (carian citizen) Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 208

131. Strabo, Geography, 8.4.4, 8.6.15, 9.1.22, 9.2.11 Tagged with subjects: •epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, spread of cult from epidauros •epidauros asklepieion, written sources for incubation •sacred animals (greek), serpents at epidauros asklepieion •epidauros asklepieion, dedicatory inscriptions pertaining to incubation •epidauros asklepieion, lex sacra for preliminary offerings and sacrifices •epidauros asklepieion, literary sources for incubation •epidauros asklepieion, story of sons botching operation •epidauros asklepieion, isyllos hymn •epidauros asklepieion, overshadowing of trikka asklepieion •trikka asklepieion, overshadowed by epidauros asklepieion Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 178, 202, 672

8.4.4. Adjacent to Methone is Acritas, which is the beginning of the Messenian Gulf. But this is also called the Asinaean Gulf, from Asine, which is the first town on the gulf and bears the same name as the Hermionic town. Asine, then, is the beginning of the gulf on the west, while the beginning on the east is formed by a place called Thyrides, which borders on that part of the Laconia of today which is near Cynaethius and Taenarum. Between Asine and Thyrides, beginning at Thyrides, one comes to Oitylus (by some called Baetylus); then to Leuctrum, a colony of the Leuctri in Boeotia; then to Cardamyle, which is situated on a rock fortified by nature; then to Pharae, which borders on Thuria and Gerenia, the place from which Nestor got his epithet Gerenian, it is said, because his life was saved there, as I have said before. In Gerenia is to be seen a sanctuary of Triccaean Asclepius, a reproduction of the one in the Thessalian Tricca. It is said that Pelops, after he had given his sister Niobe in marriage to Amphion, founded Leuctrum, Charadra, and Thalami (now called Boeoti), bringing with him certain colonists from Boeotia. Near Pharae is the mouth of the Nedon River; it flows through Laconia and is a different river from the Neda. It has a notable sanctuary of Athena Nedusia. In Poeaessa, also, there is a sanctuary of Athena Nedusia, named after some place called Nedon, from which Teleclus is said to have colonized Poeaessa and Echeiae and Tragium. 8.6.15. Epidaurus used to be called Epicarus, for Aristotle says that Carians took possession of it, as also of Hermione, but that after the return of the Heracleidae the Ionians who had accompanied the Heracleidae from the Attic Tetrapolis to Argos took up their abode with these Carians. Epidaurus, too, is an important city, and particularly because of the fame of Asclepius, who is believed to cure diseases of every kind and always has his sanctuary full of the sick, and also of the votive tablets on which the treatments are recorded, just as at Cos and Tricce. The city lies in the recess of the Saronic Gulf, has a circular coast of fifteen stadia, and faces the summer risings of the sun. It is enclosed by high mountains which reach as far as the sea, so that on all sides it is naturally fitted for a stronghold. Between Troezen and Epidaurus there was a stronghold called Methana, and also a peninsula of the same name. In some copies of Thucydides the name is spelled Methone, the same as the Macedonian city in which Philip, in the siege, had his eye knocked out. And it is on this account, in the opinion of Demetrius of Scepsis, that some writers, being deceived, suppose that it was the Methone in the territory of Troezen against which the men sent by Agamemnon to collect sailors are said to have uttered the imprecation that its citizens might never cease from their wall-building, since, in his opinion, it was not these citizens that refused, but those of the Macedonian city, as Theopompus says; and it is not likely, he adds, that these citizens who were near to Agamemnon disobeyed him. 9.1.22. On doubling the cape of Sounion one comes to Sounion, a noteworthy deme; then to Thoricus; then to a deme called Potamus, whose inhabitants are called Potamii; then to Prasia, to Steiria, to Brauron, where is the sanctuary of the Artemis Brauronia, to Halae Araphenides, where is the sanctuary of Artemis Tauropolos, to Myrrinus, to Probalinthus, and to Marathon, where Miltiades utterly destroyed the forces under Datis the Persian, without waiting for the Lacedemonians, who came too late because they wanted the full moon. Here, too, is the scene of the myth of the Marathonian bull, which was slain by Theseus. After Marathon one comes to Tricorynthus; then to Rhamnus, the sanctuary of Nemesis; then to Psaphis, the land of the Oropians. In the neighborhood of Psaphis is the Amphiaraeium, an oracle once held in honor, where in his flight Amphiaraus, as Sophocles says, with four-horse chariot, armour and all, was received by a cleft that was made in the Theban dust. Oropus has often been disputed territory; for it is situated on the common boundary of Attica and Boeotia. off this coast are islands: off Thoricus and Sounion lies the island Helene; it is rugged and deserted, and in its length of about sixty stadia extends parallel to the coast. This island, they say, is mentioned by the poet where Alexander says to Helen: Not even when first I snatched thee from lovely Lacedemon and sailed with thee on the seafaring ships, and in the island Cranae joined with thee in love and couch; for he calls Cranae the island now called Helene from the fact that the intercourse took place there. And after Helene comes Euboea, which lies off the next stretch of coast; it likewise is narrow and long and in length lies parallel to the mainland, like Helene. The voyage from Sounion to the southerly promontory of Euboea, which is called Leuce Acte, is three hundred stadia. However, I shall discuss Euboea later; but as for the demes in the interior of Attica, it would be tedious to recount them because of their great number. 9.2.11. Also Mycalessus, a village, is in the Tanagraean territory. It is situated on the road that leads from Thebes to Chalcis; and in the Boeotian dialect it is called Mycalettus. And Harma is likewise in the Tanagraean territory; it is a deserted village near Mycalettus, and received its name from the chariot of Amphiaraus, and is a different place from the Harma in Attica, which is near Phyle, a deme of Attica bordering on Tanagra. Here originated the proverb, when the lightning flashes through Harma; for those who are called the Pythaistae look in the general direction of Harma, in accordance with an oracle, and note any flash of lightning in that direction, and then, when they see the lightning flash, take the offering to Delphi. They would keep watch for three months, for three days and nights each month, from the altar of Zeus Astrapaeus; this altar is within the walls between the Pythium and the Olympium. In regard to the Harma in Boeotia, some say that Amphiaraus fell in the battle out of his chariot near the place where his sanctuary now is, and that the chariot was drawn empty to the place which bears the same name; others say that the chariot of Adrastus, when he was in flight, was smashed to pieces there, but that Adrastus safely escaped on Areion. But Philochorus says that Adrastus was saved by the inhabitants of the village, and that on this account they obtained equal rights of citizenship from the Argives.

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database