1. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 2.1-2.2, 88.12 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of qumran community •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 33, 226| 2.1. "וְעַתָּה מְלָכִים הַשְׂכִּילוּ הִוָּסְרוּ שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ׃", 2.1. "לָמָּה רָגְשׁוּ גוֹיִם וּלְאֻמִּים יֶהְגּוּ־רִיק׃", 2.2. "יִתְיַצְּבוּ מַלְכֵי־אֶרֶץ וְרוֹזְנִים נוֹסְדוּ־יָחַד עַל־יְהוָה וְעַל־מְשִׁיחוֹ׃", 88.12. "הַיְסֻפַּר בַּקֶּבֶר חַסְדֶּךָ אֱמוּנָתְךָ בָּאֲבַדּוֹן׃", | 2.1. "Why are the nations in an uproar? And why do the peoples mutter in vain?", 2.2. "The kings of the earth stand up, And the rulers take counsel together, Against the LORD, and against His anointed:", 88.12. "Shall Thy mercy be declared in the grave? Or Thy faithfulness in destruction?", |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 22.37, 53.12 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones •enemies, clemency toward ones, love of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 127, 128, 136| 53.12. "לָכֵן אֲחַלֶּק־לוֹ בָרַבִּים וְאֶת־עֲצוּמִים יְחַלֵּק שָׁלָל תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱרָה לַמָּוֶת נַפְשׁוֹ וְאֶת־פֹּשְׁעִים נִמְנָה וְהוּא חֵטְא־רַבִּים נָשָׂא וְלַפֹּשְׁעִים יַפְגִּיעַ׃", | 53.12. "Therefore will I divide him a portion among the great, And he shall divide the spoil with the mighty; Because he bared his soul unto death, And was numbered with the transgressors; Yet he bore the sin of many, And made intercession for the transgressors.", |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Lamentations, 1.5 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 226| 1.5. "הָיוּ צָרֶיהָ לְרֹאשׁ אֹיְבֶיהָ שָׁלוּ כִּי־יְהוָה הוֹגָהּ עַל רֹב־פְּשָׁעֶיהָ עוֹלָלֶיהָ הָלְכוּ שְׁבִי לִפְנֵי־צָר׃", | 1.5. "Her adversaries have become the head, her enemies are at ease; for the Lord has afflicted her because of the multitude of her sins; her young children went into captivity before the enemy. (PAUSE FOR REFLECTIONS)", |
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4. Hebrew Bible, 2 Samuel, 7.11 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of qumran community Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 33| 7.11. "וּלְמִן־הַיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִי שֹׁפְטִים עַל־עַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַהֲנִיחֹתִי לְךָ מִכָּל־אֹיְבֶיךָ וְהִגִּיד לְךָ יְהוָה כִּי־בַיִת יַעֲשֶׂה־לְּךָ יְהוָה׃", | 7.11. "and as since the time that I commanded judges to be over my people Yisra᾽el; but I will give thee rest from all thy enemies, and the Lord tells thee that he will make thee a house.", |
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| 5. Anaxagoras, Fragments, 73, 72 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 213 |
6. Hebrew Bible, 2 Chronicles, 24.23-24.25 (5th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 131| 24.23. "וַיְהִי לִתְקוּפַת הַשָּׁנָה עָלָה עָלָיו חֵיל אֲרָם וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל־יְהוּדָה וִירוּשָׁלִַם וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ אֶת־כָּל־שָׂרֵי הָעָם מֵעָם וְכָל־שְׁלָלָם שִׁלְּחוּ לְמֶלֶךְ דַּרְמָשֶׂק׃", 24.24. "כִּי בְמִצְעַר אֲנָשִׁים בָּאוּ חֵיל אֲרָם וַיהוָה נָתַן בְּיָדָם חַיִל לָרֹב מְאֹד כִּי עָזְבוּ אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם וְאֶת־יוֹאָשׁ עָשׂוּ שְׁפָטִים׃", 24.25. "וּבְלֶכְתָּם מִמֶּנּוּ כִּי־עָזְבוּ אֹתוֹ במחליים [בְּמַחֲלוּיִם] רַבִּים הִתְקַשְּׁרוּ עָלָיו עֲבָדָיו בִּדְמֵי בְּנֵי יְהוֹיָדָע הַכֹּהֵן וַיַּהַרְגֻהוּ עַל־מִטָּתוֹ וַיָּמֹת וַיִּקְבְּרֻהוּ בְּעִיר דָּוִיד וְלֹא קְבָרֻהוּ בְּקִבְרוֹת הַמְּלָכִים׃", | 24.23. "And it came to pass, when the year was come about, that the army of the Arameans came up against him; and they came to Judah and Jerusalem, and destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people, and sent all the spoil of them unto the king of Damascus.", 24.24. "For the army of the Arameans came with a small company of men; and the LORD delivered a very great host into their hand, because they had forsaken the LORD, the God of their fathers. So they executed judgment upon Joash.", 24.25. "And when they were departed from him—for they left him in great diseases—his own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest, and slew him on his bed, and he died; and they buried him in the city of David, but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings.", |
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| 7. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q161, None (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 26 |
8. Hebrew Bible, Daniel, 12.2-12.3 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 208, 226| 12.2. "וְרַבִּים מִיְּשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת־עָפָר יָקִיצוּ אֵלֶּה לְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם וְאֵלֶּה לַחֲרָפוֹת לְדִרְאוֹן עוֹלָם׃", 12.3. "וְהַמַּשְׂכִּלִים יַזְהִרוּ כְּזֹהַר הָרָקִיעַ וּמַצְדִּיקֵי הָרַבִּים כַּכּוֹכָבִים לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד׃", | 12.2. "And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to reproaches and everlasting abhorrence.", 12.3. "And they that are wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn the many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.", |
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| 9. Dead Sea Scrolls, Damascus Covenant, 1.4-1.5, 1.7, 1.12-1.13, 2.4-2.8, 4.14-4.19 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 33, 40 |
| 10. Dead Sea Scrolls, Pesher On Habakkuk, 11.4-11.8 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of qumran community Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 27 |
| 11. Dead Sea Scrolls, War Scroll, 1.6-1.7, 4.1-4.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of qumran community Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 26 |
| 12. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q511, , -, 2, 3, 5 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 31 |
| 13. Dead Sea Scrolls, Community Rule, 3.18, 4.14, 8.4-8.10, 9.6, 10.19, 11.8-11.9 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of qumran community Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 26, 31, 40, 43 |
14. Septuagint, Wisdom of Solomon, 1.16-3.9, 2, 2.19, 3 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 127, 128 | 2.19. Let us test him with insult and torture,that we may find out how gentle he is,and make trial of his forbearance. |
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| 15. Anon., Sibylline Oracles, 35 (1st cent. BCE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of qumran community Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 6 |
| 16. Livy, History, 1.3-1.8 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 231 |
| 17. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 9.62 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, in early christian literature Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 63 |
18. New Testament, Matthew, 5.38-5.48, 10.32, 26.39 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, love of ones •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones •enemies, clemency toward ones, of martyrdom Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 133, 137, 191| 5.38. Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη Ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ ὀφθαλμοῦ καὶ ὀδόντα ἀντὶ ὀδόντος. 5.39. Ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν μὴ ἀντιστῆναι τῷ πονηρῷ· ἀλλʼ ὅστις σε ῥαπίζει εἰς τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα [σου], στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην· 5.40. καὶ τῷ θέλοντί σοι κριθῆναι καὶ τὸν χιτῶνά σου λαβεῖν, ἄφες αὐτῷ καὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον· 5.41. καὶ ὅστις σε ἀγγαρεύσει μίλιον ἕν, ὕπαγε μετʼ αὐτοῦ δύο. 5.42. τῷ αἰτοῦντί σε δός, καὶ τὸν θέλοντα ἀπὸ σοῦ δανίσασθαι μὴ ἀποστραφῇς. 5.43. Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη Ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου καὶ μισήσεις τὸν ἐχθρόν σου. 5.44. Ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν καὶ προσεύχεσθε ὑπὲρ τῶν διωκόντων ὑμᾶς· 5.45. ὅπως γένησθε υἱοὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς, ὅτι τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ ἀνατέλλει ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς καὶ βρέχει ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους. 5.46. ἐὰν γὰρ ἀγαπήσητε τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας ὑμᾶς, τίνα μισθὸν ἔχετε; οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ τελῶναι τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν; 5.47. καὶ ἐὰν ἀσπάσησθε τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ὑμῶν μόνον, τί περισσὸν ποιεῖτε; οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ ἐθνικοὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν; 5.48. Ἔσεσθε οὖν ὑμεῖς τέλειοι ὡς ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὁ οὐράνιος τέλειός ἐστιν. 10.32. Πᾶς οὖν ὅστις ὁμολογήσει ἐν ἐμοὶ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὁμολογήσω κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ πατρός μου τοῦ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς· 26.39. καὶ προελθὼν μικρὸν ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ προσευχόμενος καὶ λέγων Πάτερ μου, εἰ δυνατόν ἐστιν, παρελθάτω ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο· πλὴν οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω ἀλλʼ ὡς σύ. | 5.38. "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.' 5.39. But I tell you, don't resist him who is evil; but whoever strikes you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also. 5.40. If anyone sues you to take away your coat, let him have your cloak also. 5.41. Whoever compels you to go one mile, go with him two. 5.42. Give to him who asks you, and don't turn away him who desires to borrow from you. 5.43. "You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbor, and hate your enemy.' 5.44. But I tell you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you, 5.45. that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven. For he makes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the just and the unjust. 5.46. For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Don't even the tax collectors do the same? 5.47. If you only greet your friends, what more do you do than others? Don't even the tax collectors do the same? 5.48. Therefore you shall be perfect, just as your Father in heaven is perfect. 10.32. Everyone therefore who confesses me before men, him I will also confess before my Father who is in heaven. 26.39. He went forward a little, fell on his face, and prayed, saying, "My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass away from me; nevertheless, not what I desire, but what you desire." |
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19. New Testament, Luke, 6.29-6.36, 11.47-11.50, 23.34 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 120, 128, 131, 133, 135, 138, 139| 6.29. τῷ τύπτοντί σε ἐπὶ τὴν σιαγόνα πάρεχε καὶ τὴν ἄλλην, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴροντός σου τὸ ἱμάτιον καὶ τὸν χιτῶνα μὴ κωλύσῃς. 6.30. παντὶ αἰτοῦντί σε δίδου, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴροντος τὰ σὰ μὴ ἀπαίτει. 6.31. καὶ καθὼς θέλετε ἵνα ποιῶσιν ὑμῖν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ποιεῖτε αὐτοῖς ὁμοίως. 6.32. καὶ εἰ ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας ὑμᾶς, ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν; καὶ γὰρ οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας αὐτοὺς ἀγαπῶσιν. 6.33. καὶ [γὰρ] ἐὰν ἀγαθοποιῆτε τοὺς ἀγαθοποιοῦντας ὑμᾶς, ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν; καὶ οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν. 6.34. καὶ ἐὰν δανίσητε παρʼ ὧν ἐλπίζετε λαβεῖν, ποία ὑμῖν χάρις [ἐστίν]; καὶ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἁμαρτωλοῖς δανίζουσιν ἵνα ἀπολάβωσιν τὰ ἴσα. 6.35. πλὴν ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν καὶ ἀγαθοποιεῖτε καὶ δανίζετε μηδὲν ἀπελπίζοντες· καὶ ἔσται ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολύς, καὶ ἔσεσθε υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου, ὅτι αὐτὸς χρηστός ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀχαρίστους καὶ πονηρούς. 6.36. Γίνεσθε οἰκτίρμονες καθὼς ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν οἰκτίρμων ἐστίν· 11.47. οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, ὅτι οἰκοδομεῖτε τὰ μνημεῖα τῶν προφητῶν οἱ δὲ πατέρες ὑμῶν ἀπέκτειναν αὐτούς. 11.48. ἄρα μάρτυρές ἐστε καὶ συνευδοκεῖτε τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν, ὅτι αὐτοὶ μὲν ἀπέκτειναν αὐτοὺς ὑμεῖς δὲ οἰκοδομεῖτε. 11.49. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡ σοφία τοῦ θεοῦ εἶπεν Ἀποστελῶ εἰς αὐτοὺς προφήτας καὶ ἀποστόλους, καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀποκτενοῦσιν καὶ διώξουσιν, 11.50. ἵνα ἐκζητηθῇ τὸ αἷμα πάντων τῶν προφητῶν τὸ ἐκκεχυμένον ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης, 23.34. ⟦ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἔλεγεν Πάτερ, ἄφες αὐτοῖς, οὐ γὰρ οἴδασιν τί ποιοῦσιν.⟧ διαμεριζόμενοι δὲ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἔβαλον κλῆρον. | 6.29. To him who strikes you on the cheek, offer also the other; and from him who takes away your cloak, don't withhold your coat also. 6.30. Give to everyone who asks you, and don't ask him who takes away your goods to give them back again. 6.31. "As you would like people to do to you, do exactly so to them. 6.32. If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them. 6.33. If you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. 6.34. If you lend to those from whom you hope to receive, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, to receive back as much. 6.35. But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing back; and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High; for he is kind toward the unthankful and evil. 6.36. Therefore be merciful, Even as your Father is also merciful. 11.47. Woe to you! For you build the tombs of the prophets, and your fathers killed them. 11.48. So you testify and consent to the works of your fathers. For they killed them, and you build their tombs. 11.49. Therefore also the wisdom of God said, 'I will send to them prophets and apostles; and some of them they will kill and persecute, 11.50. that the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation; 23.34. Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they don't know what they are doing."Dividing his garments among them, they cast lots. |
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20. New Testament, Acts, 7.6, 7.51-7.52 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 131, 138| 7.6. ἐλάλησεν δὲ οὕτως ὁ θεὸς ὅτιἔσται τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ πάροικον ἐν γῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ, καὶ δουλώσουσιν αὐτὸ καὶ κακώσουσιν ἔτη τετρακόσια· 7.51. Σκληροτράχηλοι καὶ ἀπερίτμητοι καρδίαις καὶ τοῖς ὠσίν, ὑμεῖς ἀεὶ τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ ἀντιπίπτετε, ὡς οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν καὶ ὑμεῖς. 7.52. τίνα τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἐδίωξαν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν; καὶ ἀπέκτειναν τοὺς προκαταγγείλαντας περὶ τῆς ἐλεύσεως τοῦ δικαίου οὗ νῦν ὑμεῖς προδόται καὶ φονεῖς ἐγένεσθε, | 7.6. God spoke in this way: that his seed would live as aliens in a strange land, and that they would be enslaved and mistreated for four hundred years. 7.51. "You stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit! As your fathers did, so you do. 7.52. Which of the prophets didn't your fathers persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, of whom you have now become betrayers and murderers. |
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21. New Testament, Apocalypse, 19.11-19.16 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, in early christian literature Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 63| 19.11. Καὶ εἶδον τὸν οὐρανὸν ἠνεῳγμένον,καὶ ἰδοὺ ἵππος λευκός, καὶ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπʼ αὐτὸν πιστὸς [καλούμενος] καὶ ἀληθινός, καὶἐν δικαιοσύνῃ κρίνεικαὶ πολεμεῖ. 19.12. οἱ δὲ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦφλὸξπυρός,καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ διαδήματα πολλά, ἔχων ὄνομα γεγραμμένον ὃ οὐδεὶς οἶδεν εἰ μὴ αὐτός, 19.13. καὶ περιβεβλημένος ἱμάτιον ῤεραντισμένον αἵματι, καὶ κέκληται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ. 19.14. καὶ τὰ στρατεύματα τὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ ἐφʼ ἵπποις λευκοῖς, ἐνδεδυμένοιβύσσινον λευκὸν καθαρόν. 19.15. καὶ ἐκτοῦ στόματοςαὐτοῦ ἐκπορεύεται ῥομφαία ὀξεῖα, ἵνα ἐν αὐτῇπατάξῃ τὰ ἔθνη,καὶ αὐτὸςποιμανεῖ αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ·καὶ αὐτὸςπατεῖ τὴν ληνὸντοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆςτοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ παντοκράτορος. 19.16. καὶ ἔχει ἐπὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν μηρὸν αὐτοῦ ὄνομα γεγραμμένον ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΚΥΡΙΟΣ ΚΥΡΙΩΝ. | 19.11. I saw the heaven opened, and behold, a white horse, and he who sat on it is called Faithful and True. In righteousness he judges and makes war. 19.12. His eyes are a flame of fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has names written and a name written which no one knows but he himself. 19.13. He is clothed in a garment sprinkled with blood. His name is called "The Word of God." 19.14. The armies which are in heaven followed him on white horses, clothed in white, pure, fine linen. 19.15. Out of his mouth proceeds a sharp, double-edged sword, that with it he should strike the nations. He will rule them with a rod of iron. He treads the winepress of the fierceness of the wrath of God, the Almighty. 19.16. He has on his garment and on his thigh a name written, "KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS." |
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22. New Testament, Galatians, 1.8-1.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, in early christian literature •enemies, clemency toward ones, of god Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 85| 1.8. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐὰν ἡμεῖς ἢ ἄγγελος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ εὐαγγελίσηται [ὑμῖν] παρʼ ὃ εὐηγγελισάμεθα ὑμῖν, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω. 1.9. ὡς προειρήκαμεν, καὶ ἄρτι πάλιν λέγω, εἴ τις ὑμᾶς εὐαγγελίζεται παρʼ ὃ παρελάβετε, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω. | 1.8. But even though we, or an angelfrom heaven, should preach to you any gospel other than that which wepreached to you, let him be cursed. 1.9. As we have said before, so Inow say again: if any man preaches to you any gospel other than thatwhich you received, let him be cursed. |
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23. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 5.1-5.5, 15.26, 15.54-15.55, 16.22 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 85| 5.1. Ὅλως ἀκούεται ἐν ὑμῖν πορνεία, καὶ τοιαύτη πορνεία ἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ὥστε γυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔχειν. 5.2. καὶ ὑμεῖς πεφυσιωμένοι ἐστέ, καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε, ἵνα ἀρθῇ ἐκ μέσου ὑμῶν ὁ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο πράξας; 5.3. Ἐγὼ μὲν γάρ, ἀπὼν τῷ σώματι παρὼν δὲ τῷ πνεύματι, ἤδη κέκρικα ὡς παρὼν τὸν οὕτως τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον 5.4. ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου [ἡμῶν] Ἰησοῦ, συναχθέντων ὑμῶν καὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πνεύματος σὺν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ, 5.5. παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ Σατανᾷ εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός, ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ᾑμέρᾳ τοῦ κυρίου. 15.26. ἔσχατος ἐχθρὸς καταργεῖται ὁ θάνατος, 15.54. ὅταν δὲ τὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται [τὴν] ἀθανασίαν, τότε γενήσεται ὁ λόγος ὁ γεγραμμένος Κατεπόθη ὁ θάνατος εἰς νῖκος. 15.55. ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ νῖκος; ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον; 16.22. εἴ τις οὐ φιλεῖ τὸν κύριον, ἤτω ἀνάθεμα. Μαρὰν ἀθά. | 5.1. It is actually reported that there is sexual immorality amongyou, and such sexual immorality as is not even named among theGentiles, that one has his father's wife. 5.2. You are puffed up, anddidn't rather mourn, that he who had done this deed might be removedfrom among you. 5.3. For I most assuredly, as being absent in body butpresent in spirit, have already, as though I were present, judged himwho has done this thing. 5.4. In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ,you being gathered together, and my spirit, with the power of our LordJesus Christ, 5.5. are to deliver such a one to Satan for thedestruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day ofthe Lord Jesus. 15.26. The lastenemy that will be abolished is death. 15.54. But when this corruptible will have put onincorruption, and this mortal will have put on immortality, then whatis written will happen: "Death is swallowed up in victory." 15.55. "Death, where is your sting?Hades, where is your victory?" 16.22. Ifany man doesn't love the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be accursed. Come,Lord! |
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24. New Testament, 1 Timothy, 1.7 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 137| 1.7. θέλοντες εἶναι νομοδιδάσκαλοι, μὴ νοοῦντες μήτε ἃ λέγουσιν μήτε περὶ τίνων διαβεβαιοῦνται. | 1.7. desiring to be teachers of the law, though they understand neither what they say, nor about what they strongly affirm. |
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25. New Testament, 2 Corinthians, 2.13, 7.5, 10.1, 10.1-13.10, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 8, 85| 10.3. Ἐν σαρκὶ γὰρ περιπατοῦντες οὐ κατὰ σάρκα στρατευόμεθα,— | |
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26. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, 7.132-7.157 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, in early christian literature Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 63 | 7.132. 5. Now it is impossible to describe the multitude of the shows as they deserve, and the magnificence of them all; such indeed as a man could not easily think of as performed, either by the labor of workmen, or the variety of riches, or the rarities of nature; 7.133. for almost all such curiosities as the most happy men ever get by piecemeal were here one heaped on another, and those both admirable and costly in their nature; and all brought together on that day demonstrated the vastness of the dominions of the Romans; 7.134. for there was here to be seen a mighty quantity of silver, and gold, and ivory, contrived into all sorts of things, and did not appear as carried along in pompous show only, but, as a man may say, running along like a river. Some parts were composed of the rarest purple hangings, and so carried along; and others accurately represented to the life what was embroidered by the arts of the Babylonians. 7.135. There were also precious stones that were transparent, some set in crowns of gold, and some in other ouches, as the workmen pleased; and of these such a vast number were brought, that we could not but thence learn how vainly we imagined any of them to be rarities. 7.136. The images of the gods were also carried, being as well wonderful for their largeness, as made very artificially, and with great skill of the workmen; nor were any of these images of any other than very costly materials; and many species of animals were brought, every one in their own natural ornaments. 7.137. The men also who brought every one of these shows were great multitudes, and adorned with purple garments, all over interwoven with gold; those that were chosen for carrying these pompous shows having also about them such magnificent ornaments as were both extraordinary and surprising. 7.138. Besides these, one might see that even the great number of the captives was not unadorned, while the variety that was in their garments, and their fine texture, concealed from the sight the deformity of their bodies. 7.139. But what afforded the greatest surprise of all was the structure of the pageants that were borne along; for indeed he that met them could not but be afraid that the bearers would not be able firmly enough to support them, such was their magnitude; 7.140. for many of them were so made, that they were on three or even four stories, one above another. The magnificence also of their structure afforded one both pleasure and surprise; 7.141. for upon many of them were laid carpets of gold. There was also wrought gold and ivory fastened about them all; 7.142. and many resemblances of the war, and those in several ways, and variety of contrivances, affording a most lively portraiture of itself. 7.143. For there was to be seen a happy country laid waste, and entire squadrons of enemies slain; while some of them ran away, and some were carried into captivity; with walls of great altitude and magnitude overthrown and ruined by machines; with the strongest fortifications taken, and the walls of most populous cities upon the tops of hills seized on, 7.144. and an army pouring itself within the walls; as also every place full of slaughter, and supplications of the enemies, when they were no longer able to lift up their hands in way of opposition. Fire also sent upon temples was here represented, and houses overthrown, and falling upon their owners: 7.145. rivers also, after they came out of a large and melancholy desert, ran down, not into a land cultivated, nor as drink for men, or for cattle, but through a land still on fire upon every side; for the Jews related that such a thing they had undergone during this war. 7.146. Now the workmanship of these representations was so magnificent and lively in the construction of the things, that it exhibited what had been done to such as did not see it, as if they had been there really present. 7.147. On the top of every one of these pageants was placed the commander of the city that was taken, and the manner wherein he was taken. Moreover, there followed those pageants a great number of ships; 7.148. and for the other spoils, they were carried in great plenty. But for those that were taken in the temple of Jerusalem, they made the greatest figure of them all; that is, the golden table, of the weight of many talents; the candlestick also, that was made of gold, though its construction were now changed from that which we made use of; 7.149. for its middle shaft was fixed upon a basis, and the small branches were produced out of it to a great length, having the likeness of a trident in their position, and had every one a socket made of brass for a lamp at the tops of them. These lamps were in number seven, and represented the dignity of the number seven among the Jews; 7.150. and the last of all the spoils, was carried the Law of the Jews. 7.151. After these spoils passed by a great many men, carrying the images of Victory, whose structure was entirely either of ivory or of gold. 7.152. After which Vespasian marched in the first place, and Titus followed him; Domitian also rode along with them, and made a glorious appearance, and rode on a horse that was worthy of admiration. 7.153. 6. Now the last part of this pompous show was at the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, whither when they were come, they stood still; for it was the Romans’ ancient custom to stay till somebody brought the news that the general of the enemy was slain. 7.154. This general was Simon, the son of Gioras, who had then been led in this triumph among the captives; a rope had also been put upon his head, and he had been drawn into a proper place in the forum, and had withal been tormented by those that drew him along; and the law of the Romans required that malefactors condemned to die should be slain there. 7.155. Accordingly, when it was related that there was an end of him, and all the people had sent up a shout for joy, they then began to offer those sacrifices which they had consecrated, in the prayers used in such solemnities; which when they had finished, they went away to the palace. 7.156. And as for some of the spectators, the emperors entertained them at their own feast; and for all the rest there were noble preparations made for their feasting at home; 7.157. for this was a festival day to the city of Rome, as celebrated for the victory obtained by their army over their enemies, for the end that was now put to their civil miseries, and for the commencement of their hopes of future prosperity and happiness. |
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27. New Testament, Romans, 12.2, 12.17-12.21 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 85, 135| 12.2. καὶ μὴ συνσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ, ἀλλὰ μεταμορφοῦσθε τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοός, εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς τί τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ, τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ εὐάρεστον καὶ τέλειον. 12.17. μηδενὶ κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόντες·προνοούμενοι καλὰ ἐνώπιονπάντωνἀνθρώπων· 12.18. εἰ δυνατόν, τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν μετὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων εἰρηνεύοντες· 12.19. μὴ ἑαυτοὺς ἐκδικοῦντες, ἀγαπητοί, ἀλλὰ δότε τόπον τῇ ὀργῇ, γέγραπται γάρἘμοὶ ἐκδίκησις,ἐγὼἀνταποδώσω,λέγει Κύριος. 12.20. ἀλλὰ ἐὰν πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν· ἐὰν διψᾷ, πότιζε αὐτόν· τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ. 12.21. μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ, ἀλλὰ νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν. | 12.2. Don't be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may prove what is the good and acceptable and perfect will of God. 12.17. Repay no one evil for evil. Respect what is honorable in the sight of all men. 12.18. If it is possible, as much as it is up to you, be at peace with all men. 12.19. Don't seek revenge yourselves, beloved, but give place to God's wrath. For it is written, "Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says the Lord." 12.20. Therefore "If your enemy is hungry, feed him. If he is thirsty, give him a drink. For in doing so, you will heap coals of fire on his head." 12.21. Don't be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good. |
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28. Polycarp of Smyrna, Letter To The Philippians, 12.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 139| 12.3. προ ομνιβυς σανξτις I Tim. 2, 1. 2 Mt. 5, 44; Luke 6, 27 Phil. 8, 18 Joh. 15, 16; 1 Tim. 4, 15 James 1, 4 ορατε. ορατε ετιαμ προ ρεγιβυς ετ ποτεστατιβυς ετ πρινξιπιβυς ατ#3υε προ περσε#3υεντιβυς ετ οδιεντιβυς ϝος ετ προ ινιμιξις ξρυξις, υτ φρυξτυς ϝεστερ μανιφεστυς σιτ ιν ομνιβυς, υτ σιτις ιν ιλλο περφεξτι. | 12.3. |
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| 29. Tosefta, Sanhedrin, 13.5 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 226 |
| 30. Anon., Qohelet Rabba, 5.8 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 226 |
31. Tertullian, Apology, 2 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of martyrdom Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 191 | 2. If, again, it is certain that we are the most wicked of men, why do you treat us so differently from our fellows, that is, from other criminals, it being only fair that the same crime should get the same treatment? When the charges made against us are made against others, they are permitted to make use both of their own lips and of hired pleaders to show their innocence. They have full opportunity of answer and debate; in fact, it is against the law to condemn anybody undefended and unheard. Christians alone are forbidden to say anything in exculpation of themselves, in defense of the truth, to help the judge to a righteous decision; all that is cared about is having what the public hatred demands - the confession of the name, not examination of the charge: while in your ordinary judicial investigations, on a man's confession of the crime of murder, or sacrilege, or incest, or treason, to take the points of which we are accused, you are not content to proceed at once to sentence - you do not take that step till you thoroughly examine the circumstances of the confession - what is the real character of the deed, how often, where, in what way, when he has done it, who were privy to it, and who actually took part with him in it. Nothing like this is done in our case, though the falsehoods disseminated about us ought to have the same sifting, that it might be found how many murdered children each of us had tasted; how many incests each of us had shrouded in darkness; what cooks, what dogs had been witness of our deeds. Oh, how great the glory of the ruler who should bring to light some Christian who had devoured a hundred infants! But, instead of that, we find that even inquiry in regard to our case is forbidden. For the younger Pliny, when he was ruler of a province, having condemned some Christians to death, and driven some from their steadfastness, being still annoyed by their great numbers, at last sought the advice of Trajan, the reigning emperor, as to what he was to do with the rest, explaining to his master that, except an obstinate disinclination to offer sacrifices, he found in the religious services nothing but meetings at early morning for singing hymns to Christ and God, and sealing home their way of life by a united pledge to be faithful to their religion, forbidding murder, adultery, dishonesty, and other crimes. Upon this Trajan wrote back that Christians were by no means to be sought after; but if they were brought before him, they should be punished. O miserable deliverance - under the necessities of the case, a self-contradiction! It forbids them to be sought after as innocent, and it commands them to be punished as guilty. It is at once merciful and cruel; it passes by, and it punishes. Why do you play a game of evasion upon yourself, O Judgment? If you condemn, why do you not also inquire. If you do not inquire, why do you not also absolve? Military stations are distributed through all the provinces for tracking robbers. Against traitors and public foes every man is a soldier; search is made even for their confederates and accessories. The Christian alone must not be sought, though he may be brought and accused before the judge; as if a search had any other end than that in view! And so you condemn the man for whom nobody wished a search to be made when he is presented to you, and who even now does not deserve punishment, I suppose, because of his guilt, but because, though forbidden to be sought, he was found. And then, too, you do not in that case deal with us in the ordinary way of judicial proceedings against offenders; for, in the case of others denying, you apply the torture to make them confess - Christians alone you torture, to make them deny; whereas, if we were guilty of any crime, we should be sure to deny it, and you with your tortures would force us to confession. Nor indeed should you hold that our crimes require no such investigation merely on the ground that you are convinced by our confession of the name that the deeds were done - you who are daily wont, though you know well enough what murder is, none the less to extract from the confessed murderer a full account of how the crime was perpetrated. So that with all the greater perversity you act, when, holding our crimes proved by our confession of the name of Christ, you drive us by torture to fall from our confession, that, repudiating the name, we may in like manner repudiate also the crimes with which, from that same confession, you had assumed that we were chargeable. I suppose, though you believe us to be the worst of mankind, you do not wish us to perish. For thus, no doubt, you are in the habit of bidding the murderer deny, and of ordering the man guilty of sacrilege to the rack if he persevere in his acknowledgment! Is that the way of it? But if thus you do not deal with us as criminals, you declare us thereby innocent, when as innocent you are anxious that we do not persevere in a confession which you know will bring on us a condemnation of necessity, not of justice, at your hands. I am a Christian, the man cries out. He tells you what he is; you wish to hear from him what he is not. Occupying your place of authority to extort the truth, you do your utmost to get lies from us. I am, he says, that which you ask me if I am. Why do you torture me to sin? I confess, and you put me to the rack. What would you do if I denied? Certainly you give no ready credence to others when they deny. When we deny, you believe at once. Let this perversity of yours lead you to suspect that there is some hidden power in the case under whose influence you act against the forms, against the nature of public justice, even against the very laws themselves. For, unless I am greatly mistaken, the laws enjoin offenders to be searched out, and not to be hidden away. They lay it down that persons who own a crime are to be condemned, not acquitted. The decrees of the senate, the commands of your chiefs, lay this clearly down. The power of which you are servants is a civil, not a tyrannical domination. Among tyrants, indeed, torments used to be inflicted even as punishments: with you they are mitigated to a means of questioning alone. Keep to your law in these as necessary till confession is obtained; and if the torture is anticipated by confession, there will be no occasion for it: sentence should be passed; the criminal should be given over to the penalty which is his due, not released. Accordingly, no one is eager for the acquittal of the guilty; it is not right to desire that, and so no one is ever compelled to deny. Well, you think the Christian a man of every crime, an enemy of the gods, of the emperor, of the laws, of good morals, of all nature; yet you compel him to deny, that you may acquit him, which without him denial you could not do. You play fast and loose with the laws. You wish him to deny his guilt, that you may, even against his will, bring him out blameless and free from all guilt in reference to the past! Whence is this strange perversity on your part? How is it you do not reflect that a spontaneous confession is greatly more worthy of credit than a compelled denial; or consider whether, when compelled to deny, a man's denial may not be in good faith, and whether acquitted, he may not, then and there, as soon as the trial is over, laugh at your hostility, a Christian as much as ever? Seeing, then, that in everything you deal differently with us than with other criminals, bent upon the one object of taking from us our name (indeed, it is ours no more if we do what Christians never do), it is made perfectly clear that there is no crime of any kind in the case, but merely a name which a certain system, ever working against the truth, pursues with its enmity, doing this chiefly with the object of securing that men may have no desire to know for certain what they know for certain they are entirely ignorant of. Hence, too, it is that they believe about us things of which they have no proof, and they are disinclined to have them looked into, lest the charges, they would rather take on trust, are all proved to have no foundation, that the name so hostile to that rival power - its crimes presumed, not proved- may be condemned simply on its own confession. So we are put to the torture if we confess, and we are punished if we persevere, and if we deny we are acquitted, because all the contention is about a name. Finally, why do you read out of your tablet-lists that such a man is a Christian? Why not also that he is a murderer? And if a Christian is a murderer, why not guilty, too, of incest, or any other vile thing you believe of us? In our case alone you are either ashamed or unwilling to mention the very names of our crimes - If to be called a Christian does not imply any crime, the name is surely very hateful, when that of itself is made a crime. |
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| 32. Anon., Sifre Deuteronomy, 307, 328 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 224 |
33. Anon., Genesis Rabba, 10.7, 26.2 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 213, 224| 10.7. רַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי אֲפִלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁאַתָּה רוֹאֶה אוֹתָן שֶׁהֵן יְתֵירָה בָּעוֹלָם, כְּגוֹן זְבוּבִין וּפַרְעוֹשִׁין וְיַתּוּשִׁין, אַף הֵן בִּכְלַל בְּרִיָּתוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם הֵן, וּבַכֹּל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ עַל יְדֵי נָחָשׁ, אֲפִלּוּ עַל יְדֵי יַתּוּשׁ, אֲפִלּוּ עַל יְדֵי צְפַרְדֵּעַ. רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא אָמַר לָהּ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי מְנַחְמָה, רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חֶלְבּוֹ, רַבִּי אַחָא הֲוָה מִשְׁתָּעֵי הָדֵין עוֹבָדָא: חַד בַּר נָשׁ הֲוָה קָאֵים עַל כֵּיף נַהֲרָא, חֲמָא חַד עוּרְדְּעָן טָעֲנָה חָדָא עַקְרָב, וּמְגִיזָה יָתֵיהּ נַהֲרָא, וְכֵיוָן דְּעָבְדַת שְׁלִיחוּתֵיהּ אַחְזַרְתֵּא לְאַתְרֵהּ. רַבִּי פִּינְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חָנָן דְּצִפּוֹרִין אֲמַר, עוֹבָדָא הֲוָה בְּחַד גְּבַר דַּהֲוָה קָאֵים לְמֶחֱצַד בַּהֲדָא בִּקְעַת בֵּי טַרְפָּא, חֲמָא חַד עֵשֶׂב וְלִקֵּט יָתֵיהּ וַעֲבָדֵיהּ כְּלִילָא לְרֵאשֵׁיהּ, אֲזַלָּא חַד חִוְיָא וּמְחָא יָתֵיהּ, וּקְטִיל יָתֵיהּ. אֲתָא חַד גַּבָּר וְקָם לְמִסְקַר בְּהַהוּא חִוְיָא, אֲמַר תָּמֵהַּ אֲנִי עַל מַן דְּקָטַל הָדֵין חִוְיָא. אֲמַר הַהוּא גַּבְרָא אֲנָא קְטָלִית יָתֵיהּ. תָּלָה אַפּוֹי וַחֲמָא לְהַהוּא עִשְׂבָּא עֲבִידָא כְּלִילָא לְרֵאשֵׁיהּ, אֲמַר מִן קוּשְׁטָא אַתְּ קָטְלִית יָתֵיהּ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ, אִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ, יָכֵיל אַתְּ מֵרִים הָדֵין עִשְׂבָּא מִן רֵאשֵׁךְ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִין, כֵּיוָן דַּאֲרֵים יָתֵיהּ אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַתְּ יָכוֹל קָרֵיב הָכָא וּמֵרִים הָדֵין חִוְיָא בַּהֲדֵין חוּטְרָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִין, כֵּיוָן דִּקְרַב לְהַהוּא חִוְיָא מִיָּד נָשְׁרוּ אֵבָרָיו. רַבִּי יַנַּאי הָיָה יוֹשֵׁב וְדוֹרֵשׁ בְּפֶתַח עִירוֹ, רָאָה נָחָשׁ מַרְתִּיעַ וּבָא, וַהֲוָה מְרַדֵּף לֵיהּ מִן הָדֵין סִטְרָא, וַהֲוָה חָזַר מִן דֵּין סִטְרָא, וְעוֹד הֲוָה רָדֵיף לֵיהּ מִן הָדֵין סִטְרָא וַהֲוָה חָזַר מִן דֵּין סִטְרָא, אֲמַר זֶה הוֹלֵךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ. מִיָּד נָפְלָה הֲבָרָה בָּעִיר פְּלוֹנִי בֶּן פְּלוֹנִי נְשָׁכוֹ נָחָשׁ וָמֵת. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר הֲוָה יָתֵיב מְטַיֵּל בְּבֵית הַכִּסֵּא, אֲתָא חַד רוֹמָאי וְתָרְכֵיהּ וְקָדִים יָתֵיהּ וִיתֵיב לֵיהּ, אֲמַר לֵית דֵּין עַל מַגָּן, מִיָּד נְפַק חַד חִוְיָא וּמְחָא יָתֵיהּ וּקְטַל יָתֵיהּ, וְקָרָא עָלָיו (ישעיה מג, ד): וְאֶתֵּן אָדָם תַּחְתֶּיךָ, וְאֶתֵּן אֱדוֹם תַּחְתֶּיךָ. רַבִּי יִצְחָק בַּר אֶלְעָזָר הֲוָה קָאֵים וּמְטַיֵּל עַל מְשׁוֹנִיתָא דְּיַמָּא דְּקֵיסָרִין, רָאָה שָׁם קוּלִית אַחַת, וַהֲוָה מַצְנַע לָהּ וַהֲוַת מִתְגַּלְגְּלָא, מַצְנַע לָהּ וַהֲוַת מִתְגַּלְגְּלָא, אֲמַר זֹאת מוּכֶנֶת לַעֲשׂוֹת שְׁלִיחוּתָהּ. עֲבַר חַד בַּלְדָּר וְנִכְשַׁל בָּהּ וְנָפַל וָמֵת, אֲזַל פַּשְׁפְּשׁוּנֵיהּ וְאַשְׁכְּחוּנֵיהּ טָעִין כְּתָבִין בִּישִׁין עַל יְהוּדָאֵי דְּקֵסָרִין. טִיטוּס הָרָשָׁע נִכְנַס לְבֵית קָדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים וְחַרְבּוֹ שְׁלוּפָה בְּיָדוֹ וְגִדֵּר אֶת שְׁתֵּי הַפָּרוֹכוֹת, וְנָטַל שְׁתֵּי זוֹנוֹת וּבְעָלָן עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְיָצָא חַרְבּוֹ מְלֵאָה דָּם. אִית דְּאָמְרֵי מִדַּם הַקֳּדָשִׁים, וְאִית דְּאָמְרֵי מִדַּם שָׂעִיר שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. וְחֵרֵף וְגִדֵּף, וְנָטַל כָּל כְּלֵי בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ וַעֲשָׂאָן כְּמִין גּוּרְגּוּתְנִי אַחַת וְהִתְחִיל מְחָרֵף וּמְגַדֵּף כְּלַפֵּי מַעֲלָה, וְאָמַר, לָא דָּמֵי הַהוּא דְּעָבֵיד קְרָבָא עִם מַלְכָּא בְּמַדְבְּרָא וְנָצַח לֵיהּ, לְהַהוּא דְּעָבֵיד קְרָבָא עִם מַלְכָּא בְּגוֹ פָּלָטִין דִּידֵיהּ וְנָצַח לֵיהּ. יָרַד לַסְּפִינָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּרַד מְחָאֵיהּ נַחְשְׁלָא בְּיַמָּא. אֲמַר דּוֹמֶה זֶה שֶׁאֵין כֹּחוֹ שֶׁל אֱלוֹהַּ שֶׁל אֻמָּה זוֹ אֶלָּא בַּמַּיִם, דּוֹר אֱנוֹשׁ לֹא פָּרַע מֵהֶן אֶלָּא בַּמַּיִם, דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל לֹא פָּרַע מֵהֶן אֶלָּא בַּמַּיִם, פַּרְעֹה וְכָל חֵילוֹ לֹא פָּרַע מֵהֶן אֶלָּא בַּמַּיִם. אַף אֲנִי כְּשֶׁהָיִיתִי בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ וּבִרְשׁוּתוֹ לֹא הָיָה יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד בִּי, וְעַכְשָׁיו לְכָאן קִדְמַנִּי. סָבוּר הוּא שֶׁיַּהַרְגֵּנִי בַּמַּיִם. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רָשָׁע, חַיֶּיךָ מִבְּרִיָה שֶׁהִיא פְּחוּתָה מִכָּל הַבְּרִיּוֹת שֶׁבָּרָאתִי מִשֵּׁשֶׁת יְמֵי בְרֵאשִׁית, בָּהּ אֲנִי נִפְרַע מֵאוֹתוֹ רָשָׁע. מִיָּד רָמַז הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַשַֹּׂר שֶׁל יָם וְעָמַד מִזַּעְפּוֹ. כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְרוֹמִי יָצְאוּ כָּל גְּדוֹלֵי רוֹמִי לִקְרָאתוֹ וְקִלְּסוּ אוֹתוֹ. כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָלָה לְרוֹמִי נִכְנַס לַמֶּרְחָץ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָא הֵבִיאוּ פְּיָילִי פּוֹטִירִין שֶׁל יַיִן לִשְׁתּוֹתוֹ, וְנִכְנַס יַתּוּשׁ בְּתוֹךְ חוֹטְמוֹ, וְהָיָה נוֹקֵר אֶת מֹחוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ עַד שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה גָּדוֹל כְּמוֹ גּוֹזָל שֶׁל שְׁתֵּי לִיטְרָאוֹת. וְהָיָה מְצַוֶּה וְאוֹמֵר פִּצְעוּ מֹחוֹ שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ וּדְעוּ בַּמֶּה אֱלֹהֵיהֶם שֶׁל יְהוּדִים נִפְרַע מֵאוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ. מִיָּד קָרְאוּ לָרוֹפְאִים וּפָצְעוּ מֹחוֹ, וְהוֹצִיאוּ כְּגוֹזָל שֶׁל שְׁתֵּי לִיטְרָאוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֲנָא חֲמִיתֵּיהּ בְּרוֹמִי תַּרְתֵּין לִיטְרִין מֵהָכָא וְגוֹזָלָא מֵהָכָא, וּתְקַל חָד לָקֳבֵל חָד. וְנָטְלוּ אוֹתוֹ וְנָתְנוּ אוֹתוֹ בְּתוֹךְ קְעָרָה אַחַת, כָּל מַה דַּהֲוָה הָדֵין שַׁנֵּי, הֲוָה הָדֵין שַׁנֵּי, פְּרַח יַתּוּשָׁה, פְּרַחָה נַפְשֵׁיהּ דְּטִיטוּס הָרָשָׁע. 26.2. וַיּוֹלֶד נֹחַ שְׁלשָׁה בָנִים אֶת שֵׁם אֶת חָם וְאֶת יָפֶת (בראשית ו, י), כְּתִיב (תהלים צב, יד): שְׁתוּלִים בְּבֵית ה' בְּחַצְרוֹת אֱלֹהֵינוּ יַפְרִיחוּ, שְׁתוּלִים בְּבֵית ה', זֶה נֹחַ שֶׁשְּׁתָלוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בַּתֵּבָה. בְּחַצְרוֹת אֱלֹהֵינוּ יַפְרִיחוּ, וַיּוֹלֶד נֹחַ אֶת שֵׁם אֶת חָם וְאֶת יָפֶת. (תהלים צב, טו): עוֹד יְנוּבוּן בְּשֵׂיבָה דְּשֵׁנִים וְרַעֲנַנִּים יִהְיוּ. עוֹד יְנוּבוּן, זֶה נֹחַ. דְּשֵׁנִים וְרַעֲנַנִּים יִהְיוּ, וַיּוֹלֶד נֹחַ, אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן מַה טַּעַם כָּל דּוֹרוֹת הוֹלִידוּ לְמֵאָה שָׁנִים וּלְמָאתַיִם שָׁנָה, וְזֶה הוֹלִיד לַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה, אֶלָּא אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אִם רְשָׁעִים הֵם אֵין רְצוֹנִי שֶׁיֹּאבְדוּ בַּמַּיִם, וְאִם צַדִּיקִים הֵם אַטְרִיחַ עָלָיו וְיַעֲשֶׂה לָהֶם תֵּבוֹת הַרְבֵּה, וְכִיבֵּשׁ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַעֲיָנוֹ וְהוֹלִיד לַחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אָמַר אֲפִלּוּ יֶפֶת שֶׁהוּא הַגָּדוֹל לִכְשֶׁיָּבוֹא הַמַּבּוּל אֵינוֹ בֶּן מֵאָה שָׁנָה שֶׁרָאוּי לָעֳנָשִׁים. אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אֵין מִיתָה לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא אֶלָּא בְּעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים בִּלְבָד, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אָמַר לֹא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֹא בְּעוֹבְדֵי כוֹכָבִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה כה, ח): וּמָחָה ה' אֱלֹהִים דִּמְעָה מֵעַל כָּל פָּנִים, מָה עָבִיד לֵיהּ רַבִּי חֲנִינָא מֵעַל כָּל פָּנִים, מֵעַל פְּנֵיהֶם שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְהָכְתִיב (ישעיה סה, כ): כִּי הַנַּעַר בֶּן מֵאָה שָׁנָה יָמוּת, וְהָא מְסַיֵּעַ לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי חֲנִינָא. מָה עָבִיד לֵיהּ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי, רָאוּי לְכָל עֳנָשִׁים, וְהָא כְתִיב (תהלים מט, טו): כַּצֹּאן לִשְׁאוֹל שַׁתּוּ מָוֶת יִרְעֵם וַיִּרְדּוּ בָם יְשָׁרִים, וְהָא מְסַיֵּעַ לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי חֲנִינָא. מָה עָבִיד לֵיהּ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי, לְפִי שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה פַּרְעֹה בִּשְׁעָתָן, סִיסְרָא בִּשְׁעָתָן, סַנְחֵרִיב בִּשְׁעָתָן, אֲבָל לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה מַלְאַךְ הַמָּוֶת סְטַטְיוֹנָר שֶׁלָּהֶם, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים מט, טו): וַיִּרְדּוּ בָם יְשָׁרִים לַבֹּקֶר וְצוּרָם לְבַלּוֹת שְׁאוֹל מִזְּבֻל לוֹ, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁשְּׁאוֹל בָּלָה וְגוּפָן אֵינָהּ בָּלָה, וְכָל כָּךְ לָמָּה עַל שֶׁפָּשְׁטוּ יְדֵיהֶם בִּזְבוּל, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (מלכים א ח, יג): בָּנֹה בָּנִיתִי בֵּית זְבֻל לָךְ. | |
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| 34. Irenaeus, Demonstration of The Apostolic Teaching, 69 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 139 |
| 35. Irenaeus, Refutation of All Heresies, 3.12.13, 3.16.9, 3.18.5, 3.185, 4.36.2 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones •enemies, clemency toward ones, love of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 133, 134, 138, 139 |
| 36. Tertullian, Against Marcion, 4.16.4, 4.42.4 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, love of ones •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 135 |
37. Anon., Leviticus Rabba, 22.3 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 224| 22.3. דָּבָר אַחֵר, וְיִתְרוֹן אֶרֶץ, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַנְּבִיאִים אִם אֵין אַתֶּם עוֹשִׂין שְׁלִיחוּתִי יֵשׁ לִי שְׁלוּחִין, הֱוֵי: וְיִתְרוֹן אֶרֶץ וגו', בַּכֹּל אֲנִי עוֹשֶׂה שְׁלִיחוּתִי. אָמַר רַבִּי אַחָא בַּכֹּל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ אֲפִלּוּ עַל יְדֵי נָחָשׁ אֲפִלּוּ עַל יְדֵי צְפַרְדֵּעַ וַאֲפִלּוּ עַל יְדֵי עַקְרָב וַאֲפִלּוּ עַל יְדֵי יַתּוּשׁ, טִיטוּס הָרָשָׁע נִכְנַס לְבֵית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים וְחַרְבּוֹ שְׁלוּפָה בְיָדוֹ וְגִדֵּר אֶת הַפָּרֹכֶת, וְנָטַל שְׁתֵּי זוֹנוֹת וְהִצִּיעַ סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה תַּחְתֵּיהֶן וּבְעָלָן עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְיָצְאָה חַרְבּוֹ מְלֵאָה דָּם. מַאן דְּאָמַר מִדַּם הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת, וּמַאן דְּאָמַר מִן דַם פָּר וְשָׂעִיר שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים. הִתְחִיל מְחָרֵף וּמְגַדֵּף כְּלַפֵּי מַעְלָה, אָמַר לָא דָמֵי הַהוּא דְּעָבֵיד קְרָבָא עִם מַלְכָּא בַּמִּדְבָּר וְנָצַח לֵיהּ, לְהַהוּא דְּעָבֵיד קְרָבָא עִם מַלְכָּא בְּגוֹ פָּלָטִין דִּידֵיהּ וְנָצַח לֵיהּ. מֶה עָשָׂה כִּנֵּס כָּל כְּלֵי בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ גַּרְגּוּתְנִי אַחַת וְיָרַד לוֹ לַסְּפִינָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּרַד מָחָא נַחְשׁוֹלָא בְּיַמָּא, אָמַר דּוֹמֶה לִי שֶׁאֵין כֹּחוֹ שֶׁל אֱלוֹהַּ זֶה אֶלָּא בַּמַּיִם, דּוֹר אֱנוֹשׁ לֹא פָּרַע מֵהֶם אֶלָּא בַּמַּיִם, וְכֵן דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל, וְכֵן פַּרְעֹה וְחֵילוֹ, אַף אֲנִי כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיִיתִי בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ וּבִרְשׁוּתוֹ לֹא הָיָה יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד בִּי וְעַכְשָׁיו לְכָאן קְדָמָנִי, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רָשָׁע, חַיֶּיךָ בִּבְרִיָה פְּחוּתָה מִמַּה שֶּׁבָּרָאתִי מִשֵּׁשֶׁת יְמֵי בְרֵאשִׁית אֲנִי פּוֹרֵעַ מִמְךָ, מִיָּד רָמַז הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַיָּם וְעָמַד מִזַעְפּוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְרוֹמִי יָצְאוּ כָּל בְּנֵי רוֹמִי וְקִלְסוּהוּ, נְקִיטָא בַּרְבָּרַיָיא, מִיָּד הֵסִיקוּ לוֹ אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ וְנִכְנַס וְרָחַץ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָא מָזְגוּ לוֹ כַּסָּא דְחַמְרָא וְזִמֵּן לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יַתּוּשׁ אֶחָד וְנִכְנַס לְתוֹךְ חָטְמוֹ, וְהָיָה אוֹכֵל וְהוֹלֵךְ עַד שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְמֹחוֹ, הִתְחִיל מְנַקֵּר אֶת מֹחוֹ, אָמַר קִרְאוּ לָרוֹפְאִים וִיפַצְעוּ מֹחוֹ שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ וּדְעוּ בַּמֶּה אֱלוֹהַּ שֶׁל אֻמָּה זוֹ נִפְרַע מֵאוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ, מִיָּד קָרְאוּ לָרוֹפְאִים וּפָצְעוּ אֶת מֹחוֹ וּמָצְאוּ בוֹ כְּמוֹ גּוֹזָל בֶּן יוֹנָה, וְהָיָה בּוֹ מִשְׁקַל שְׁתֵּי לִטְרָאוֹת, אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַַבִּי יוֹסֵי תַּמָּן הֲוֵינָא וְיַהֲבִין גּוֹזָלָא מִן דֵּין סִטְרָא וְתַרְתֵּין לִיטְרַיָא מִן דֵּין סִטְרָא וְתָקַל חַד כָּל קֳבֵל חַד, וּנְטָלוּהוּ וּנְתָנוּהוּ בְּתוֹךְ קְעָרָה אַחַת, כָּל מַאן דַּהֲוָה הָדֵין שָׁנֵי הֲוָה הָדֵין שָׁנֵי, פָרַח יַתּוּשָׁא פָּרַח נִשְׁמָתָא דְּטִיטוּס הָרָשָׁע. | 22.3. "...The wicked Titus entered the sanctum of the Holy of Holies, and with his sword brandished in his hand he slashed the two curtains, and taking two whores he spread out a scroll of the Law beneath them and ravished them on top of the altar, and his sword came out full of blood, and some say from the blood of Yom Kippur [sprinkled by the Kohen Gadol on the curtains]. He [Titus] began to revile and blaspheme saying, “He who wages battle with a king in the desert and triumphs is different from him who wages battle in the king's own palace and vanquishes him.” What did he [Titus] do? He gathered all of the Temple vessels and put them in a sack and descended to a ship. At sea, a wave rose up to drown him. He said, “It would appear that this nation's god has power only on water. He [God] only punished the generation of Enosh with water, likewise He could only punish the generation of the flood with water, the generation of the Dispersal and Pharaoh and his army were only punished with water. So I, when I was in His house and domain He had no power to stand against me, and now he opposes me here!” The Holy One said, “By your life, I will punish you with the most insignificant of my creatures.” Immediately God hinted to the sea and it stayed its anger. When he arrived in Rome, all of the citizens came out and acclaimed him: “Conqueror of the Barbarians.” Immediately they heated the bath-house and he entered and washed himself. When he came out they poured for him the double glass for after the bath, and God appointed a mosquito for him and it entered his nose and gnawed its way up until it reached his brain. He said, “Call for the doctors to split open the head of that man [Titus] so I can know with what the God of that nation has punished him.” Forthwith they summoned the doctors, and they split open his brain and found in it the likeness of a young dove and its weight was two litras. R. Elazar son of R. Yosi said: I was there, and they put the young bird on one side [of the scales], and two litras on the other, and they balances one another. They took it and put it in a bowl, and as the mosquito withered so Titus deteriorated. The mosquito flew away, and away flew the soul of the wicked Titus....", |
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| 38. Anon., Deuteronomy Rabbah, 21 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 224 |
| 39. Origen, Homilies On Leviticus, 2.5 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 128 |
40. Babylonian Talmud, Gittin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 226, 227| 56b. איברא מלכא את דאי לאו מלכא את לא מימסרא ירושלים בידך דכתיב (ישעיהו י, לד) והלבנון באדיר יפול ואין אדיר אלא מלך דכתיב (ירמיהו ל, כא) והיה אדירו ממנו וגו' ואין לבנון אלא ביהמ"ק שנאמר (דברים ג, כה) ההר הטוב הזה והלבנון ודקאמרת אי מלכא אנא אמאי לא קאתית לגבאי עד האידנא בריוני דאית בן לא שבקינן,אמר ליה אילו חבית של דבש ודרקון כרוך עליה לא היו שוברין את החבית בשביל דרקון אישתיק קרי עליה רב יוסף ואיתימא רבי עקיבא (ישעיהו מד, כה) משיב חכמים אחור ודעתם יסכל איבעי ליה למימר ליה שקלינן צבתא ושקלינן ליה לדרקון וקטלינן ליה וחביתא שבקינן לה,אדהכי אתי פריסתקא עליה מרומי אמר ליה קום דמית ליה קיסר ואמרי הנהו חשיבי דרומי לאותיבך ברישא הוה סיים חד מסאני בעא למסיימא לאחרינא לא עייל בעא למשלפא לאידך לא נפק אמר מאי האי,אמר ליה לא תצטער שמועה טובה אתיא לך דכתיב (משלי טו, ל) שמועה טובה תדשן עצם אלא מאי תקנתיה ליתי איניש דלא מיתבא דעתך מיניה ולחליף קמך דכתיב (משלי יז, כב) ורוח נכאה תיבש גרם עבד הכי עייל אמר ליה ומאחר דחכמיתו כולי האי עד האידנא אמאי לא אתיתו לגבאי אמר ליה ולא אמרי לך אמר ליה אנא נמי אמרי לך,אמר ליה מיזל אזילנא ואינש אחרינא משדרנא אלא בעי מינאי מידי דאתן לך אמר ליה תן לי יבנה וחכמיה ושושילתא דרבן גמליאל ואסוותא דמסיין ליה לרבי צדוק קרי עליה רב יוסף ואיתימא רבי עקיבא (ישעיהו מד, כה) משיב חכמים אחור ודעתם יסכל איבעי למימר ליה לשבקינהו הדא זימנא,והוא סבר דלמא כולי האי לא עביד והצלה פורתא נמי לא הוי,אסוותא דמסיין ליה לרבי צדוק מאי היא יומא קמא אשקיוה מיא דפארי למחר מיא דסיפוקא למחר מיא דקימחא עד דרווח מיעיה פורתא פורתא,אזל שדריה לטיטוס ואמר (דברים לב, לז) אי אלהימו צור חסיו בו זה טיטוס הרשע שחירף וגידף כלפי מעלה,מה עשה תפש זונה בידו ונכנס לבית קדשי הקדשים והציע ספר תורה ועבר עליה עבירה ונטל סייף וגידר את הפרוכת ונעשה נס והיה דם מבצבץ ויוצא וכסבור הרג את עצמו שנאמר (תהלים עד, ד) שאגו צורריך בקרב מועדיך שמו אותותם אותות,אבא חנן אומר (תהלים פט, ט) מי כמוך חסין יה מי כמוך חסין וקשה שאתה שומע ניאוצו וגידופו של אותו רשע ושותק דבי רבי ישמעאל תנא (שמות טו, יא) מי כמוכה באלים ה' מי כמוכה באלמים,מה עשה נטל את הפרוכת ועשאו כמין גרגותני והביא כל כלים שבמקדש והניחן בהן והושיבן בספינה לילך להשתבח בעירו שנאמר (קהלת ח, י) ובכן ראיתי רשעים קבורים ובאו וממקום קדוש יהלכו וישתכחו בעיר אשר כן עשו אל תיקרי קבורים אלא קבוצים אל תיקרי וישתכחו אלא וישתבחו,איכא דאמרי קבורים ממש דאפילו מילי דמטמרן איגלייא להון,עמד עליו נחשול שבים לטובעו אמר כמדומה אני שאלהיהם של אלו אין גבורתו אלא במים בא פרעה טבעו במים בא סיסרא טבעו במים אף הוא עומד עלי לטובעני במים אם גבור הוא יעלה ליבשה ויעשה עמי מלחמה יצתה בת קול ואמרה לו רשע בן רשע בן בנו של עשו הרשע בריה קלה יש לי בעולמי ויתוש שמה,אמאי קרי לה בריה קלה דמעלנא אית לה ומפקנא לית לה,עלה ליבשה ותעשה עמה מלחמה עלה ליבשה בא יתוש ונכנס בחוטמו ונקר במוחו שבע שנים יומא חד הוה קא חליף אבבא דבי נפחא שמע קל ארזפתא אישתיק אמר איכא תקנתא כל יומא מייתו נפחא ומחו קמיה לנכרי יהיב ליה ארבע זוזי לישראל אמר ליה מיסתייך דקא חזית בסנאך עד תלתין יומין עבד הכי מכאן ואילך כיון דדש דש,תניא אמר רבי פנחס בן ערובא אני הייתי בין גדולי רומי וכשמת פצעו את מוחו ומצאו בו כצפור דרור משקל שני סלעים במתניתא תנא כגוזל בן שנה משקל שני ליטרין,אמר אביי נקטינן פיו של נחושת וצפורניו של ברזל כי הוה קא מיית אמר להו ליקליוה לההוא גברא ולבדרי לקיטמיה אשב ימי דלא לשכחיה אלהא דיהודאי ולוקמיה בדינא,אונקלוס בר קלוניקוס בר אחתיה דטיטוס הוה בעי לאיגיורי אזל אסקיה לטיטוס בנגידא אמר ליה מאן חשיב בההוא עלמא אמר ליה ישראל מהו לאידבוקי בהו אמר ליה מילייהו נפישין ולא מצית לקיומינהו זיל איגרי בהו בההוא עלמא והוית רישא דכתיב (איכה א, ה) היו צריה לראש וגו' כל המיצר לישראל נעשה ראש אמר ליה דיניה דההוא גברא במאי א"ל | 56b. b in truth, you are a king, /b if not now, then in the future. b As if you are not a king, Jerusalem will not be handed over into your hand, as it is written: “And the Lebanon shall fall by a mighty one” /b (Isaiah 10:34). b And “mighty one” /b means b only a king, as it is written: “And their mighty one shall be of themselves, /b and their ruler shall proceed from the midst of them” (Jeremiah 30:21), indicating that “mighty one” parallels “ruler.” b And “Lebanon” /b means b only the Temple, as it is stated: “That good mountain and the Lebanon” /b (Deuteronomy 3:25). b And /b as for b what you said /b with your second comment: b If I am a king why didn’t you come to me until now, there are zealots among us /b who b did not allow us /b to do this.,Understanding that Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai was prepared to ask him not to destroy the Temple, Vespasian b said to him: If /b there is b a barrel of honey and a snake [ i derakon /i ] is wrapped around it, wouldn’t they break the barrel in order to /b kill b the snake? /b In similar fashion, I am forced to destroy the city of Jerusalem in order to kill the zealots barricaded within it. Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b was silent /b and did not answer. In light of this, b Rav Yosef /b later b read /b the following verse b about him, and some say /b that it was b Rabbi Akiva /b who applied the verse to Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai: “I am the Lord… b Who turns wise men backward and makes their knowledge foolish” /b (Isaiah 44:25). As Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b should have said /b the following b to /b Vespasian in response: In such a case, b we take tongs, remove the snake, and kill it, and /b in this way b we leave the barrel /b intact. So too, you should kill the rebels and leave the city as it is., b In the meantime, /b as they were talking, b a messenger [ i feristaka /i ] arrived from Rome, /b and b said to him: Rise, for the emperor has died, and the noblemen of Rome plan to appoint you as /b their b leader /b and make you the next emperor. At that time Vespasian b was wearing /b only b one shoe, /b and when b he tried to put on the other one, it would not go on /b his foot. b He /b then b tried to remove the other /b shoe that he was already wearing, but b it would not come off. He said: What is this? /b ,Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b said to him: Be not distressed /b or troubled, for b good tidings have reached you, as it is written: “Good tidings make the bone fat” /b (Proverbs 15:30), and your feet have grown fatter out of joy and satisfaction. Vespasian said to him: b But what is the remedy? /b What must I do in order to put on my shoe? Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b said to him: Have someone with whom you are displeased come and pass before you, as it is written: “A broken spirit dries the bones” /b (Proverbs 17:22). b He did this, and /b his shoe b went on /b his foot. Vespasian b said to him: Since you are so wise, why didn’t you come to /b see b me until now? /b Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b said to him: But didn’t I /b already b tell you? /b Vespasian b said to him: I also told you /b what I had to say.,Vespasian then b said to /b Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai: b I will be going /b to Rome to accept my new position, b and I will send someone else /b in my place to continue besieging the city and waging war against it. b But /b before I leave, b ask something of me that I /b can b give you. /b Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b said to him: Give me Yavne and its Sages /b and do not destroy it, b and /b spare b the dynasty of Rabban Gamliel /b and do not kill them as if they were rebels, b and /b lastly give me b doctors to heal Rabbi Tzadok. Rav Yosef read /b the following verse b about him, and some say /b that it was b Rabbi Akiva /b who applied the verse to Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai: “I am the Lord… b Who turns wise men backward and makes their knowledge foolish” /b (Isaiah 44:25), as b he should have said to him to leave /b the Jews alone b this time. /b , b And /b why didn’t Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai make this request? b He maintained /b that Vespasian b might not do that much /b for him, b and there would not be even a small /b amount of b salvation. /b Therefore, he made only a modest request, in the hope that he would receive at least that much.,The Gemara asks: b What /b was he requesting when he asked for b doctors to heal Rabbi Tzadok? /b How did they heal him? b The first day they gave him water to drink /b that contained b bran [ i parei /i ]. The next /b day they gave him b water /b containing b flour mixed with bran [ i sipuka /i ]. The following day /b they gave him b water /b containing b flour. /b In this way they slowly restored his ability to eat, allowing b his stomach to broaden little by little. /b ,§ Vespasian b went /b back to Rome and b sent Titus /b in his place. The Gemara cites a verse that was expounded as referring to Titus: b “And he shall say: Where is their God, their rock in whom they trusted?” /b (Deuteronomy 32:37). b This is the wicked Titus, who insulted and blasphemed God on High. /b , b What did /b Titus b do /b when he conquered the Temple? b He took a prostitute with his hand, and entered the Holy of Holies /b with her. b He /b then b spread out a Torah scroll /b underneath him b and committed a sin, /b i.e., engaged in sexual intercourse, b on it. /b Afterward b he took a sword and cut into the curtain /b separating between the Sanctuary and the Holy of Holies. b And a miracle was performed and blood spurted forth. /b Seeing the blood, b he /b mistakenly b thought /b that b he had killed himself. /b Here, the term himself is a euphemism for God. Titus saw blood issuing forth from the curtain in God’s meeting place, the Temple, and he took it as a sign that he had succeeded in killing God Himself. b As it is stated: “Your enemies roar in the midst of Your meeting place; they have set up their own signs for signs” /b (Psalms 74:4)., b Abba Ḥa says: /b The verse states: b “Who is strong like You, O Lord?” /b (Psalms 89:9). b Who is strong and indurate like You, as You hear the abuse and the blasphemy of that wicked man and remain silent. /b Similarly, b the school of Rabbi Yishmael taught /b that the verse: b “Who is like You, O Lord, among the gods [ i elim /i ]” /b (Exodus 15:11), should be read as: b Who is like You among the mute [ i ilmim /i ], /b for You conduct Yourself like a mute and remain silent in the face of Your blasphemers., b What /b else did Titus b do? He took the curtain and formed it like a large basket, and brought all of the /b sacred b vessels of the Temple and placed them in it. And he put them on a ship to go and be praised in his city /b that he had conquered Jerusalem, b as it is stated: “And so I saw the wicked buried, and come to their rest; but those that had done right were gone from the holy place, and were forgotten in the city; this also is vanity” /b (Ecclesiastes 8:10). b Do not read /b the word b as “buried [ i kevurim /i ].” Rather, /b read it as b collected [ i kevutzim /i ]. /b And b do not read /b the word b as “and were forgotten [ i veyishtakeḥu /i ].” Rather, /b read it as: b And they were praised [ i veyishtabeḥu /i ]. /b According to this interpretation, the verse speaks of those who will gather and collect items “from the holy place,” the Temple, and be praised in their city about what they had done., b There are /b those b who say /b that the verse is to be read as written, as it is referring to items that were b actually buried. /b This is because b even items that had been buried were revealed to them, /b i.e., Titus and his soldiers, as they found all of the sacred vessels.,It is further related about Titus that he was once traveling b at sea /b and b a wave rose up against him /b and threatened b to drown him. /b Titus b said: It seems to me that their God, /b the God of Israel, b has power only in water. Pharaoh rose /b against them and b He drowned him in water. Sisera rose /b against them and b He drowned him in water. /b Here b too, He has risen up against me to drown me in water. If He is /b really b mighty, let Him go up on dry land and /b there b wage war against me. A Divine Voice issued forth and said to him: Wicked one, son of a wicked one, grandson of Esau the wicked, /b for you are among his descendants and act just like him, b I have a lowly creature in My world and it is called a gnat. /b ,The Gemara interjects: b Why is it called a lowly creature? /b It is called this b because it has an entrance /b for taking in food, b but it does not have an exit /b for excretion.,The Gemara resumes its story about Titus. The Divine Voice continued: b Go up on dry land and make war with it. He went up on dry land, /b and b a gnat came, entered his nostril, and picked at his brain for seven years. /b Titus suffered greatly from this until b one day he passed by the gate of a blacksmith’s shop. /b The gnat b heard the sound of a hammer /b and b was silent /b and still. Titus b said: /b I see that b there is a remedy /b for my pain. b Every day they would bring a blacksmith who hammered before him. He would give four dinars /b as payment b to a gentile /b blacksmith, and b to a Jew he would /b simply b say: It is enough for you that you see your enemy /b in so much pain. b He did this for thirty days /b and it was effective until then. b From that /b point b forward, since /b the gnat b became accustomed /b to the hammering, b it became accustomed /b to it, and once again it began to pick away at Titus’s brain., b It is taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Pineḥas ben Arova said: I was /b at that time b among the noblemen of Rome, and when /b Titus b died they split open his head and found /b that the gnat had grown to b the size of a sparrow weighing two i sela /i . It was taught in /b another b i baraita /i : /b It was b like /b a one- b year-old pigeon weighing two i litra /i . /b , b Abaye said: We have a tradition /b that b its mouth /b was made b of copper and its claws were /b fashioned of b iron. When /b Titus b was dying, he said to /b his attendants: b Burn that man, /b i.e., me, b and scatter his ashes across the seven seas, so that the God of the Jews should not find me and stand me for judgment. /b ,§ The Gemara relates: b Onkelos bar Kalonikos, the son of Titus’s sister, wanted to convert /b to Judaism. b He went /b and b raised Titus /b from the grave b through necromancy, /b and b said to him: Who is /b most b important in that world /b where you are now? Titus b said to him: The Jewish people. /b Onkelos asked him: b Should I /b then b attach /b myself b to them /b here in this world? Titus b said to him: Their commandments are numerous, and you will not be able to fulfill them. /b It is best that you do as follows: b Go /b out and b battle against them in that world, and you will become the chief, as it is written: “Her adversaries [ i tzareha /i ] have become the chief” /b (Lamentations 1:5), which means: b Anyone who distresses [ i meitzer /i ] Israel will become the chief. /b Onkelos b said to him: What is the punishment of that man, /b a euphemism for Titus himself, in the next world? Titus b said to him: /b |
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41. Babylonian Talmud, Rosh Hashanah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 213| 17a. ומצפצפין ועולין שנאמר (זכריה יג, ט) והבאתי את השלישית באש וצרפתים כצרוף את הכסף ובחנתים כבחון את הזהב הוא יקרא בשמי ואני אענה אותו ועליהם אמרה חנה (שמואל א ב, ו) ה' ממית ומחי' מוריד שאול ויעל,ב"ה אומרים ורב חסד מטה כלפי חסד ועליהם אמר דוד (תהלים קטז, א) אהבתי כי ישמע ה' את קולי ועליהם אמר דוד כל הפרשה כולה דלותי ולי יהושיע,פושעי ישראל בגופן ופושעי אומות העולם בגופן יורדין לגיהנם ונידונין בה י"ב חדש לאחר י"ב חדש גופן כלה ונשמתן נשרפת ורוח מפזרתן תחת כפות רגלי צדיקים שנא' (מלאכי ג, כא) ועסותם רשעים כי יהיו אפר תחת כפות רגליכם,אבל המינין והמסורות והאפיקורסים שכפרו בתורה ושכפרו בתחיית המתים ושפירשו מדרכי צבור ושנתנו חיתיתם בארץ חיים ושחטאו והחטיאו את הרבים כגון ירבעם בן נבט וחביריו יורדין לגיהנם ונידונין בה לדורי דורות שנאמר (ישעיהו סו, כד) ויצאו וראו בפגרי האנשים הפושעים בי וגו',גיהנם כלה והן אינן כלין שנאמר (תהלים מט, טו) וצורם לבלות שאול (מזבול לו) וכל כך למה מפני שפשטו ידיהם בזבול שנאמר מזבול לו ואין זבול אלא בית המקדש שנאמר (מלכים א ח, יג) בנה בניתי בית זבול לך ועליהם אמרה חנה (שמואל א ב, י) ה' יחתו מריביו,א"ר יצחק בר אבין ופניהם דומין לשולי קדירה ואמר רבא ואינהו משפירי שפירי בני מחוזא ומקריין בני גיהנם,אמר מר ב"ה אומרים ורב חסד מטה כלפי חסד והכתיב והבאתי את השלישית באש התם בפושעי ישראל בגופן,פושעי ישראל בגופן והא אמרת לית להו תקנתא כי לית להו תקנה ברוב עונות הכא מחצה עונות ומחצה זכיות ואית בהו נמי עון דפושעי ישראל בגופן לא סגיא ליה דלאו והבאתי את השלישית באש ואם לאו ורב חסד מטה כלפי חסד ועליהן אמר דוד אהבתי כי ישמע ה',דרש רבא מאי דכתיב אהבתי כי ישמע ה' אמרה כנסת ישראל לפני הקב"ה רבש"ע אימתי אני אהובה לפניך בזמן שאתה שומע קול תחנוני דלותי ולי יהושיע אע"פ שדלה אני מן המצות לי נאה להושיע,פושעי ישראל בגופן מאי ניהו אמר רב קרקפתא דלא מנח תפלין פושעי אומות העולם בגופן אמר רב בעבירה,ושנתנו חיתיתם בארץ חיים אמר רב חסדא זה פרנס המטיל אימה יתירה על הצבור שלא לשם שמים א"ר יהודה אמר רב כל פרנס המטיל אימה יתירה על הצבור שלא לשם שמים אינו רואה בן תלמיד חכם שנאמר (איוב לז, כד) לכן יראוהו אנשים לא יראה כל חכמי לב,בית הלל אומרים ורב חסד מטה כלפי חסד היכי עביד רבי אליעזר אומר כובשו שנאמר (מיכה ז, יט) ישוב ירחמנו יכבוש עונותינו ר' יוסי בר חנינא אמר נושא שנאמר (מיכה ז, יח) נושא עון ועובר על פשע,תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל מעביר ראשון ראשון וכן היא המדה אמר רבא ועון עצמו אינו נמחק דאי איכא רובא עונות מחשיב בהדייהו,(רבא אמר) כל המעביר על מדותיו מעבירין לו על כל פשעיו שנאמר נושא עון ועובר על פשע למי נושא עון למי שעובר על פשע,רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע חלש על רב פפא לשיולי ביה חזייה דחליש ליה עלמא אמר להו צביתו ליה זוודתא לסוף איתפח הוה מיכסיף רב פפא למיחזייה א"ל מאי חזית אמר (ליה) אין הכי הוה ואמר להו הקב"ה הואיל ולא מוקים במיליה לא תקומו בהדיה שנאמר נושא עון ועובר על פשע למי נושא עון לעובר פשע,(מיכה ז, יח) לשארית נחלתו אמר רבי אחא בר חנינא אליה וקוץ בה לשארית נחלתו ולא לכל נחלתו | 17a. b and they will cry out /b in their pain b and /b eventually b ascend /b from there, b as it is stated: “And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried; they shall call on My name, and I will answer them” /b (Zechariah 13:9). This is referring to the members of the third group, who require refinement and cleansing. b And about them, Hannah said: “The Lord kills, and gives life; he brings down to the grave, and brings up” /b (I Samuel 2:6)., b Beit Hillel say: /b He Who is b “and abundant in kindness” /b (Exodus 34:6) b tilts /b the scales b in favor of kindness, /b so that middling people should not have to pass through Gehenna. b And about them, David said: “I love the Lord, Who hears my voice /b and my supplications” (Psalms 116:1). b And about them, David said the entire passage: “I was brought low [ i daloti /i ] and He saved me” /b (Psalms 116:6). Although they are poor [ i dalim /i ] in mitzvot, God saves them., b The rebellious Jews /b who have sinned b with their bodies and /b also b the rebellious /b people b of the nations of the world /b who have sinned b with their bodies descend to Gehenna and are judged there for twelve months. After twelve months, their bodies are consumed, their souls are burned, and a wind scatters them under the soles of the feet of the righteous, as it is stated: “And you shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet” /b (Malachi 3:21)., b But the heretics; and the informers; and the apostates [ i apikorsim /i ]; /b and those b who denied the Torah; and /b those who b denied the resurrection of the dead; and /b those who b separated from the ways of /b the Jewish b community /b and refused to share the suffering; b and /b those b who cast their fear over the land of the living; and /b those who b sinned and caused the masses to sin, for example, Jeroboam, son of Nebat, and his company; /b all of these people b descend to Gehenna and are judged there for generations and generations, as it is stated: “And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcasses of the men that have rebelled against Me; /b for their worm shall not die; neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorrence to all flesh” (Isaiah 66:24)., b Gehenna will terminate, but they /b still b will not terminate, as it is stated: “And their form shall wear away the netherworld, so that there be no dwelling for Him” /b (Psalms 49:15); that is to say, Gehenna itself will be worn away before their punishment has come to an end. b And why /b are they punished b so severely? Because they stretched out their hands against /b God’s b dwelling, /b the Temple, and everything else that is sanctified, b as it is stated: “So that there be no dwelling [ i zevul /i ] for Him.” Dwelling [ i zevul /i ] is referring /b here b only to the Temple, as it is stated: “I have built You a house for dwelling [ i zevul /i ] in” /b (I Kings 8:13). b And about them Hannah said: “The adversaries of the Lord shall be broken in pieces” /b (I Samuel 2:10)., b Rabbi Yitzḥak bar Avin said: And their faces /b on the Day of Judgment b will be /b black and sooty b like the bottom of a pot. And Rava said: And they shall include the most handsome, /b i.e., upstanding, b of the people of Meḥoza, /b as Rava thought that even the most upstanding people of the city of Meḥoza were wicked, b and they shall be called the people of Gehenna. /b , b The Master said /b in the i baraita /i above: It stated that b Beit Hillel say: /b He Who is b “and abundant in kindness” /b (Exodus 34:6) b tilts /b the scales b in favor of kindness, /b so that middling people will not have to pass through Gehenna. The Gemara asks: b But isn’t it written: “And I will bring the third part through the fire” /b (Zechariah 13:9), implying that there is a third group, which is sent to Gehenna temporarily? The Gemara answers: b There, /b the verse is referring to b the rebellious Jews /b who have sinned b with their bodies. /b ,The Gemara asks: Can the verse be referring to b the rebellious Jews /b who have sinned b with their bodies? But didn’t you say that they have no rectification? /b The Gemara responds: b When do they have no rectification? When /b in addition to their having sinned with their bodies, the b majority /b of their actions are b sins. /b But b here, /b the verse is referring to people for whom b half /b of their actions are b sins and half /b are b meritorious deeds, and /b those sins b include the sin of the rebellious Jews /b who sin b with their bodies. It is not sufficient that they not be /b subject to the verse: b “And I will bring the third part through the fire.” However, if /b their sins and meritorious deeds are equally balanced, and they did b not /b sin with their bodies, He Who is b “abundant in kindness” tilts /b the scales b in favor of kindness. And about them, David said: “I love the Lord, Who hears /b my voice and my supplications” (Psalms 116:1)., b Rava interpreted /b the verse b homiletically: What is /b the meaning of that b which is written: “I love the Lord, Who hears /b my voice and my supplications”? b The Congregation of Israel said before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Master of the Universe, when /b do I know that b I am loved by You? When You hear the voice of my supplications, /b as the verse states: b “I was brought low [ i daloti /i ], and He saved me” /b (Psalms 116:6). b Although I am poor [ i dala /i ] in mitzvot, /b nevertheless b it is fitting to save me. /b ,The Gemara asks: b The rebellious Jews /b who have sinned b with their bodies, who are they? Rav said: /b This is referring to b the skull that did not /b ever b don phylacteries. /b The Gemara asks further: b The rebellious /b ones b of the nations of the world /b who sin b with their bodies, /b who are they? b Rav said: /b They are those who engage b in the sin, /b i.e., forbidden sexual relations., b And those who cast their fear over the land of the living, /b who are they? b Rav Ḥisda said: This is referring to /b a communal b leader [ i parnas /i ] who casts excessive fear on the community not for the sake of Heaven. Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: Any /b community b leader who casts excessive fear on the community not for the sake of Heaven will /b be punished and b not see any Torah scholar among his sons, as it is stated: “Men do therefore fear him; he sees not any who are wise of heart” /b (Job 37:24). One who brings others to fear him will not merit having wise-hearted people in his family.,§ It was taught in the i baraita /i : b Beit Hillel say: /b He who is b “and abundant in kindness” /b (Exodus 34:6) b tilts /b the scales b in favor of kindness, /b so that middling people will not have to pass through Gehenna. The Gemara asks: b How does He do /b this? b Rabbi Eliezer says: He pushes down /b on the side of the merits, tipping the scale in their favor, b as it is stated: “He will again have compassion upon us; He will push down our iniquities” /b (Micah 7:19). b Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina said: He bears, /b i.e., raises, the side of the sins, b as it is stated: “He bears [ i noseh /i ] sin and forgives transgression” /b (Micah 7:18).,A Sage b from the school of Rabbi Yishmael taught /b in a i baraita /i : b He overlooks /b each and every b first /b transgression, b and that is the attribute /b of mercy, that God forgives one’s first sin, and therefore He tips the scale in favor of the merits. b Rava said: But /b that b sin itself, /b which God overlooks, b is not /b completely b erased; if /b the individual’s actions are still b mostly sins, /b God b counts /b the overlooked sin b with them /b and metes out punishment accordingly., b Rava /b understood this verse differently and b said: /b With regard to b whoever forgoes his reckonings /b with others for injustices done to him, the heavenly court in turn b forgoes /b punishment b for all his sins, as it is stated: “He bears sin and forgives transgression” /b (Micah 7:18). b Whose sins does He bear? /b The sins b of one who forgoes his reckonings /b with others for injustices committed against him.,It is related that b Rav Huna, son of Rav Yehoshua, became sick, /b and b Rav Pappa went into /b his home to b inquire about his /b well-being. b He saw that the world was growing weak for /b Rav Huna, i.e., he was dying. Rav Pappa b said to /b his attendants: b Prepare his provisions [ i zavdata /i ], /b i.e., his shrouds. b In the end, /b Rav Huna b recovered. Rav Pappa was embarrassed to /b go and b see him, /b as it seemed as if he had decreed Rav Huna’s death. Rav Huna’s friends b said to him: What did you see /b when you were lying there suspended between life and death? b He said to them: Yes, it was so, /b I was truly close to dying, b but the Holy One, Blessed be He, said to /b the heavenly court: b Since he does not stand on his rights, /b i.e., he is ready to waive what is due him, b you /b too b should not be exacting /b with him in his judgment, b as it is stated: “He bears [ i noseh /i ] sin and forgives transgression.” Whose sins does He bear? /b The sins b of one who forgoes his reckonings /b with others for injustices committed against him.,That same verse continues: “He bears sins and forgives transgression b for the remt of His inheritance” /b (Micah 7:18). b Rav Aḥa bar Ḥanina said: /b This is like the b fat tail that has a thorn in it, /b i.e., something good that contains something bad. God forgives and pardons only b “for the remt of His inheritance,” but not for all His inheritance. /b |
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42. Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 226| 16b. (דברי הימים א כז, לד) ואחרי אחיתופל בניהו בן יהוידע ואביתר ושר צבא למלך יואב אחיתופל זה יועץ וכן הוא אומר (שמואל ב טז, כג) ועצת אחיתופל אשר יעץ וגו' ובניהו בן יהוידע זו סנהדרין אביתר אלו אורים ותומים,וכן הוא אומר (דברי הימים א יח, יז) ובניהו בן יהוידע על הכרתי ועל הפלתי ולמה נקרא שמן כרתי ופלתי כרתי שכורתין דבריהן ופלתי שמופלאין מעשיהן ואחר כך שר הצבא למלך יואב,א"ר יצחק בריה דרב אדא ואמרי לה א"ר יצחק בר אבודימי מאי קרא (תהלים נז, ט) עורה כבודי עורה הנבל וכנור אעירה שחר:,ואין מוסיפין על העיר: מנהני מילי אמר רב שימי בר חייא אמר קרא (שמות כה, ט) ככל אשר אני מראה אותך את תבנית המשכן וכן תעשו לדורות הבאין,מתיב רבא כל הכלים שעשה משה משיחתן מקדשן מיכן ואילך עבודתן מחנכתן ואמאי נימא וכן תעשו לדורות הבאין,שאני התם דאמר קרא (במדבר ז, א) וימשחם ויקדש אותם אותם במשיחה ולא לדורות במשיחה,ואימא אותם במשיחה ולדורות אי במשיחה אי בעבודה אמר רב פפא אמר קרא (במדבר ד, יב) אשר ישרתו בם בקודש הכתוב תלאן בשירות,אלא אותם למה לי אי לאו אותם הוה אמינא לדורות במשיחה ובעבודה דהא כתיב וכן תעשו כתב רחמנא אותם אותם במשיחה ולא לדורות במשיחה:,ואין עושין סנהדראות כו': מנא לן כדאשכחן במשה דאוקי סנהדראות ומשה במקום שבעים וחד קאי,תנו רבנן מניין שמעמידין שופטים לישראל תלמוד לומר (דברים טז, יח) שופטים תתן שוטרים לישראל מניין תלמוד לומר שוטרים תתן שופטים לכל שבט ושבט מניין תלמוד לומר שופטים לשבטיך שוטרים לכל שבט ושבט מניין ת"ל שוטרים לשבטיך,שופטים לכל עיר ועיר מניין ת"ל שופטים לשעריך שוטרים לכל עיר ועיר מניין ת"ל שוטרים לשעריך רבי יהודה אומר אחד ממונה על כולן שנאמר תתן לך רשב"ג אומר לשבטיך ושפטו מצוה בשבט לדון את שבטו:,ואין עושין עיר הנדחת: מנה"מ אמר ר' חייא בר יוסף אמר רבי אושעיא דאמר קרא (דברים יז, ה) והוצאת את האיש ההוא או את האשה ההיא איש ואשה אתה מוציא לשעריך ואי אתה מוציא כל העיר כולה לשעריך:,אין עושין עיר הנדחת בספר: מ"ט (דברים יג, ו) מקרבך אמר רחמנא ולא מן הספר:,ולא שלש (ערי הנדחת): דכתיב אחת אבל עושין אחת או שתים דכתיב (דברים יג, יג) עריך תנו רבנן אחת אחת ולא שלש אתה אומר אחת ולא שלש או אינו אלא אחת ולא שתים כשהוא אומר עריך הרי שתים אמור הא מה אני מקיים אחת אחת ולא שלש,זימנין אמר רב בב"ד אחד הוא דאין עושין הא בשנים ושלשה בתי דינין עושין וזימנין אמר רב אפילו בשנים ושלשה בתי דינין לעולם אין עושין מ"ט דרב משום קרחה אמר ר"ל לא שנו אלא במקום אחד אבל בשנים ושלשה מקומות עושין רבי יוחנן אמר אין עושין משום קרחה,תניא כוותיה דר"י אין עושין שלש עיירות מנודחות בארץ ישראל אבל עושין אותם שתים כגון אחת ביהודה ואחת בגליל אבל שתים ביהודה ושתים בגליל אין עושין וסמוכה לספר אפילו אחת אין עושין מאי טעמא שמא ישמעו נכרים ויחריבו את ארץ ישראל,ותיפוק לי דמקרבך אמר רחמנא ולא מן הספר רבי שמעון היא דדריש טעמא דקרא:,סנהדרי גדולה היתה: מ"ט דרבנן דאמרי ומשה על גביהן אמר קרא (במדבר יא, טז) והתיצבו שם | 16b. It is: b And after Ahithophel was Benaiah, son of Jehoiada; and Ebiathar; and the general of the king’s army, Yoav /b (see I Chronicles 27:34). The individuals named in this verse correspond to the roles in the i aggada /i as follows: b Ahithophel is /b the b advisor /b whose counsel they sought first with regard to going to war, b and so it says: “Now the advice of Ahithophel, which he counseled /b in those days, was like that of a man who inquires of the word of God; so was the counsel of Ahithophel both with David and with Absalom” (II Samuel 16:23). b And Benaiah, son of Jehoiada /b corresponds to b the Sanhedrin, /b since he was the head of the Sanhedrin, and b Ebiathar /b corresponds to b the i Urim VeTummim /i , /b as Ebiathar, son of Ahimelech the priest would oversee inquiries directed to the i Urim VeTummim /i (see I Samuel 23:9)., b And so it says /b with regard to the position of Benaiah, son of Jehoiada, as head of the Sanhedrin: b “And Benaiah, son of Jehoiada, was over the i Kereti /i and over the i Peleti /i ” /b (II Samuel 20:23). b And why was /b the Sanhedrin b called i Kereti /i and i Peleti /i ? /b It was called b i Kereti /i /b because b they were decisive [ i shekoretin /i ] in their pronouncements. /b It was called b i Peleti /i /b because b their actions /b and wisdom b were wondrous [ i shemufla’in /i ], /b as i Peleti /i and i mufla’in /i share the same root. According to the order of the verse, upon being instructed by King David to go to war, the Sages first consulted with Ahithophel, then with the Sanhedrin, and then they would ask the i Urim VeTummim /i ; b and /b only b thereafter /b was b the general of the king’s army, Yoav, /b given the command to ready the army for battle., b Rabbi Yitzḥak, son of Rav Adda, and some say Rabbi Yitzḥak bar Avudimi, said: What is the verse /b from which it is derived that David’s lyre would awaken him at midnight? b “Awake, my glory; awake, harp and lyre; I will awaken the dawn” /b (Psalms 57:9). This means that the self-playing lyre has already awoken, and now I must engage in Torah study until dawn.,§ The mishna teaches: b They may extend the city /b of Jerusalem or the courtyards of the Temple only on the basis of a court of seventy-one judges. The Gemara asks: b From where is this matter /b derived? b Rav Shimi bar Ḥiyya says: The verse states: “According to all that I show you, the pattern of the Tabernacle /b and the pattern of all its vessels, b and so shall you do” /b (Exodus 25:9). “And so shall you do” means b for future generations; /b just as the Tabernacle was fashioned in all of its details according to Moses’ instructions, so too later, the Temple is fashioned according to the instructions of the Great Sanhedrin, whose members stand in place of Moses., b Rava raises an objection /b from a i baraita /i : With regard to b all of the utensils that Moses fashioned, their anointment /b with the sacred oil is what b consecrates them, /b rendering them fit for service in the Tabernacle. b From that /b point b forward, /b i.e., in future generations, there is no need for anointment, but rather b their service /b in and of itself b dedicates them, /b meaning that when they are used for the first time in sacred service they become consecrated. Rava explains the objection: b And why /b is this so? b Let us say /b instead that since the verse states: b “And so shall you do,” /b this teaches that it must be done b for future generations /b as in the Tabernacle, and therefore anointment with sacred oil should be required in the Temple as in the Tabernacle.,The Gemara answers: It b is different there, as the verse states: /b “And it came to pass on the day that Moses completed erecting the Tabernacle that he anointed it and sanctified it and all its vessels, and the altar and all its vessels, b and he anointed them and he sanctified them” /b (Numbers 7:1). The verse emphasizes that he sanctified b “them,” /b and from this it is inferred that only those utensils need sanctification b by anointment, but for /b future b generations /b there is b not /b a requirement of sanctification b by anointment. /b ,The Gemara asks: b And say /b instead: b Those /b vessels require sanctification specifically b by anointment, but for /b future b generations /b it could be done b either by anointment or by service. Rav Pappa says: The verse states /b with regard to this: “And they shall take all service vessels b with which they shall serve in the sanctuary” /b (Numbers 4:12). b The verse renders it dependent upon service, /b meaning that the service is what sanctifies them.,The Gemara asks: b But /b if so, b why do I /b need the extra word b “them”? /b This emphasis seems superfluous. The Gemara answers: b Had /b the verse b not /b added the word b “them,” I would say: For /b future b generations /b the sanctification is accomplished b by anointment and by service /b together, b as it is written: “And so shall you do.” Therefore, the Merciful One writes “them,” /b to teach: b They /b alone are consecrated b by anointment, but for /b future b generations /b the vessels are b not /b consecrated b by anointment. /b ,§ The mishna teaches that they may b appoint /b a lesser b Sanhedrin /b for the tribes only on the basis of a court of seventy-one judges. The Gemara asks: b From where do we /b derive this matter? The Gemara answers: It is b as we find with regard to Moses, who established /b lesser b courts /b for all of the people (see Exodus 18:25–26), b and Moses stands in place of /b the b seventy-one /b judges on the Great Sanhedrin. Consequently, a lesser Sanhedrin that stands at the head of a tribe is appointed by the Great Sanhedrin., b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : b From where /b is it derived b that /b society must b establish judges for /b the b Jewish people? The verse states: “You shall place judges /b and officers over you in all of your gates that the Lord your God gives you for your tribes, and they shall judge the people with righteous judgment” (Deuteronomy 16:18). b From where /b is it derived that society must also establish b officers for /b the b Jewish people? The /b same b verse states: “You shall place /b judges and b officers.” From where /b is it derived that society must also establish b judges /b not only for the entire Jewish people but also b for each and every tribe? The verse states: /b “You shall place b judges /b and officers… b for your tribes.” From where /b is it derived that society must also establish b officers for each and every tribe? The /b same b verse states: /b “You shall place judges and b officers /b … b for your tribes.” /b , b From where /b is it derived that society must also establish b judges for each and every city? The verse states: /b You shall place b judges /b and officers… b for your gates, /b as the gate of the city is the seat of the elders of the city and its judges. b From where /b is it derived that society must also establish b officers for each and every city? The verse states: /b You shall place Judges and b officers /b … b for your gates. Rabbi Yehuda says: /b You must also have b one /b court b appointed over all of them, as it is stated: “You shall place over you,” /b meaning that there must be a single institution that is responsible for all of these appointments. b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: /b Another i halakha /i is derived from the verse: b “For your tribes, and they shall judge.” /b This teaches that it is b a mitzva for a tribe to judge /b the sinners from within b its tribe, /b and not to delegate the responsibility to other tribes.,§ The mishna states that b a city may be designated /b as b an idolatrous city /b only in accordance with the ruling of the Great Sanhedrin, consisting of seventy-one judges. The Gemara asks: b From where are these matters /b derived? b Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Yosef says /b that b Rabbi Oshaya says: As the verse states /b with regard to one who engages in idol worship: b “And you shall take out that man or that woman /b who did that evil thing to your gates” (Deuteronomy 17:5), and it is inferred: b You take out a man or a woman to your gates /b for the lesser Sanhedrin to judge them, b but you do not take out the entire city to your gates; /b rather, they are to be judged by the Great Sanhedrin.,§ The mishna teaches that the court b may not designate /b a city as b an idolatrous city /b if it is b on the frontier. /b The Gemara asks: b What is the reason /b for this? The Gemara answers: The verse states: “Certain worthless people have gone out from your midst and have led astray the inhabitants of their city” (Deuteronomy 13:14). b The Merciful One states /b that this i halakha /i applies when they come b from your midst, /b meaning from within your country, b but not from the frontier. /b ,§ The mishna teaches: b And three /b adjoining cities may b not /b be designated as b idolatrous cities. /b The source for this ruling is b as it is written: /b “If you shall hear concerning b one /b of your cities that the Lord your God has given you” (Deuteronomy 13:13), and not three cities. The mishna continues: b But /b the court b may designate one /b city, b or two /b adjoining cities as idolatrous cities. The source for this is b as it is written: “Your cities,” /b in the plural. b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : The verse states: b “One,” /b from which it is inferred: b One, but not three. Do you say /b that the meaning is b one, but not three, or rather, /b is this b not /b the meaning of the verse, that it is b one, but not two? /b The i baraita /i explains that this cannot be. b When /b the verse b states: “Your cities,” two are stated. How do I realize /b the meaning of: b “One”? One, but not three. /b , b At times Rav said: It is in one court that they may not designate /b more than two adjoining cities as idolatrous cities, b but in two or three courts they may designate /b them. b And at times Rav said: Even in two or three courts they may never designate /b them. b What is the reasoning of Rav? /b It is b due to desolation, /b to ensure there will not be large swaths of uninhabited land in Eretz Yisrael. b Reish Lakish says: They taught only /b that the court may not designate three adjoining cities as idolatrous cities b in one region, but in two or three regions they may designate /b them. b Rabbi Yoḥa says: They may not designate /b them, b due to desolation. /b ,The Gemara comments: It b is taught /b in a i baraita /i ( i Tosefta /i 14:1) b in accordance with /b the opinion b of Rabbi Yoḥa: /b The court b may not designate three /b adjoining b cities /b as b idolatrous /b cities b in Eretz Yisrael, but they may designate two, such as one in Judea and one in the Galilee. But they may not designate two in Judea or two in the Galilee. And /b if the city is b near the frontier, they may not designate even one. What is the reason /b for this? b Perhaps the gentiles will hear /b that there is a city on the border that is desolate, b and they will /b seize the opportunity to invade and b destroy Eretz Yisrael. /b ,The Gemara asks: b But /b let b him derive /b this i halakha /i from the fact b that the Merciful One states: “From your midst,” /b from which it is inferred: b But not from the frontier. /b The Gemara answers: This i baraita /i b is /b in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Shimon, as he interprets the reason /b for the mitzva b in the verse /b and draws halakhic conclusions based on that interpretation.,§ The mishna teaches that b the Great Sanhedrin was /b composed of seventy-one judges, and that Rabbi Yehuda holds that it was composed of only seventy, as Moses gathered seventy men of the Elders of the Jewish people, and according to Rabbi Yehuda, Moses himself was not counted as part of the group. The Gemara asks: b What is the reasoning of the Rabbis, who say /b that when b Moses /b gathered seventy men, he was b at the head of /b the court and is therefore counted among them? b The verse states: /b “And the Lord said to Moses: Gather Me seventy men from the Elders of Israel, whom you know to be the Elders of the people and officers over them, and bring them to the Tent of Meeting b and they shall stand there /b |
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| 43. Cyprian, The Advantage of Patience, 16 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, love of ones •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 134 |
44. Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, 5.2.5 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 138 | 5.2.5. A little further on they say: They humbled themselves under the mighty hand, by which they are now greatly exalted. They defended all, but accused none. They absolved all, but bound none. And they prayed for those who had inflicted cruelties upon them, even as Stephen, the perfect witness, 'Lord, lay not this sin to their charge.' But if he prayed for those who stoned him, how much more for the brethren! |
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| 45. Nag Hammadi, Apocalypse of Peter, 8 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 68 |
| 46. Epiphanius, Panarion, 78.14.6 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 138 |
47. Anon., Numbers Rabba, 18.22 (4th cent. CE - 9th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 224| 18.22. יִתְבָּרַךְ שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ מַלְכֵי הַמְּלָכִים הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁבָּרָא אֶת עוֹלָמוֹ בְּחָכְמָה וּבִתְבוּנָה, לְנִפְלְאוֹתָיו אֵין חֵקֶר וְלִגְדֻלָּתוֹ אֵין מִסְפָּר, דִּכְתִיב (תהלים לג, ז): כֹּנֵס כַּנֵּד מֵי הַיָּם נֹתֵן בְּאוֹצָרוֹת תְּהוֹמוֹת, מַהוּ כֹּנֵס כַּנֵּד, כְּשֶׁבָּרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת עוֹלָמוֹ אָמַר לוֹ לְשַׂר שֶׁל יָם פְּתַח פִּיךָ וּבְלַע כָּל מֵימוֹת בְּרֵאשִׁית, אָמַר לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם דַּיִּי שֶׁאֶעֱמֹד בְּשֶׁלִּי, הִתְחִיל לִבְכּוֹת, בָּעַט בּוֹ וַהֲרָגוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איוב כו, יב): בְּכֹחוֹ רָגַע הַיָּם וּבִתְבוּנָתוֹ מָחַץ רָהַב, אַתְּ מוֹצֵא שֶׁשַֹּׂר שֶׁל יָם רַהַב שְׁמוֹ. מֶה עָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא כְּבָשָׁן וּדְרָכָן וְקִבְּלָן הַיָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (עמוס ד, יג): וְדָרַךְ עַל בָּמֳתֵי אָרֶץ. וְשָׂם לָהֶם חוֹל בְּרִיחַ וּדְלָתַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איוב לח, ח): וַיָּסֶךְ בִּדְלָתַיִם יָם, וּכְתִיב (ירמיה ה, כב): הַאוֹתִי לֹא תִירָאוּ נְאֻם ה' אִם מִפָּנַי לֹא תָחִילוּ אֲשֶׁר שַׂמְתִּי חוֹל גְּבוּל לַיָּם, וּכְתִיב (איוב לח, יא): וָאֹמַר עַד פֹּה תָבוֹא וְלֹא תֹסִיף. אָמַר לוֹ הַיָּם רַבִּי אִם כֵּן יִתְעָרְבוּ מֵימַי הַמְתוּקִין בַּמְלוּחִים, אָמַר לוֹ לָאו, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד יֵשׁ לוֹ אוֹצָר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים לג, ז): נֹתֵן בְּאוֹצָרוֹת תְּהוֹמוֹת, אִם תֹּאמַר שֶׁזֶּה תֵּמַהּ גָדוֹל שֶׁאֵין מִתְעָרְבִים כָּל מֵימֵי הַיָּם, הֲרֵי פַּרְצוּף שֶׁבָּרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בִּבְנֵי אָדָם מְלֹא הַסִּיט יֵשׁ בּוֹ כַּמָּה מַעְיָנוֹת וְאֵין מִתְעָרְבִין זֶה בָּזֶה, מֵי עֵינַיִם מְלוּחִין, מֵי אָזְנַיִם שְׁמֵנִים, מֵי הַחֹטֶם סְרוּחִים, מֵי הַפֶּה מְתוּקִין. מִפְּנֵי מָה מֵי עֵינַיִם מְלוּחִין, שֶׁבִּזְמַן שֶׁאָדָם בּוֹכֶה עַל הַמֵּת בְּכָל שָׁעָה מִיָּד הָיָה מִסְתַּמֵּא, אֶלָּא עַל שֶׁהֵן מְלוּחִין פּוֹסֵק וְאֵינוֹ בּוֹכֶה. מִפְּנֵי מָה מֵי אָזְנַיִם שְׁמֵנִים, שֶׁכְּשֶׁאָדָם שׁוֹמֵעַ שְׁמוּעָה קָשָׁה, אִלֵּימָא תּוֹפְשָׂהּ בְּאָזְנָיו מִתְקַשֶּׁרֶת וּמֵת, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁהֵם שְׁמֵנִים מַכְנִיס בָּזֶה וּמוֹצִיא בָּזֶה, מִפְּנֵי מָה מֵי הַחֹטֶם סְרוּחִים, שֶׁבִּזְמַן שֶׁאָדָם מֵרִיחַ רֵיחַ רַע, אִלֵּימָא מֵי הַחֹטֶם סְרוּחִים שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתוֹ מִיָּד מֵת. מִפְּנֵי מָה מֵי הַפֶּה מְתוּקִין, פְּעָמִים אוֹכֵל אֲכִילָה וְאֵינָהּ מִתְקַבֶּלֶת בְּלִבּוֹ, אִם אֵין מֵי הַפֶּה מְתוּקִין אֵין נַפְשׁוֹ חוֹזֶרֶת עוֹד, וְעוֹד לְפִי שֶׁקּוֹרֵא בַּתּוֹרָה, דִּכְתִיב בָּהּ (תהלים יט, יא): וּמְתוּקִים מִדְּבַשׁ, לְפִיכָךְ מֵי הַפֶּה מְתוּקִין, וַהֲלוֹא דְבָרִים קַל וָחוֹמֶר, וּמַה מְּלֹא הַסִּיט יֵשׁ בּוֹ כַּמָּה מַעְיָנוֹת, הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ (תהלים קד, כה): זֶה הַיָּם גָּדוֹל וּרְחַב יָדַיִם שָׁם רֶמֶשׂ וְאֵין מִסְפָּר, לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁבְּכָל מָקוֹם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ וְלֹא בָּרָא דָּבָר אֶחָד לְבַטָּלָה, פְּעָמִים שֶׁעוֹשֶׂה שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ עַל יְדֵי צְפַרְדֵעַ וּפְעָמִים עַל יְדֵי צִרְעָה וּפְעָמִים עַל יְדֵי עַקְרָב. אָמַר רַבִּי חָנִין דְּצִפּוֹרִי מַעֲשֶׂה בְּעַקְרָב אֶחָד שֶׁהָלַךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן וְזִמֵּן לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא צְפַרְדֵעַ אַחַת וְעָבַר עָלֶיהָ, וְהָלַךְ אוֹתוֹ עַקְרָב וְעָקַץ אֶת הָאָדָם. וְכֵן מַעֲשֶׂה בְּקוֹצֵר אֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה מְעַמֵּר וְקוֹצֵר בְּבִקְעַת בֵּית תּוֹפֶת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּא הַשָּׁרָב נָטַל עֵשֶׂב וְקָשַׁר בְּרֹאשׁוֹ, אֲתָא עֲלֵיהּ חִוְיָא גִּבָּר קָם קַטְלֵיהּ, עֲבַר עֲלֵיהּ חַבָּר, חָמָא קְטִיל חִוְיָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ מַאן קְטַל הָדֵין חִוְיָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ אֲנָא, אִסְתַּכַּל עִשְׂבָּא דִּבְרֵישֵׁיהּ אֲמַר לֵיהּ מֵרִים אַתְּ עִשְׂבָּא דִּבְרֵישֵׁךְ וְאַתְּ מַשְׁבִּיחַ, עֲבַד הָכֵי, קָרַב לְגַבֵּיהּ, לֹא הִסְפִּיק לִגַּע בּוֹ עַד שֶׁנָּשַׁר אֵבָרִים אֵבָרִים. רַבִּי יַנַּאי הָיָה יוֹשֵׁב וּפוֹשֵׁט בְּפֶתַח עִירוֹ, רָאָה נָחָשׁ מַרְתִּיחַ וּבָא לָעִיר, מַאן דְּמוֹקְמִין לֵיהּ מִן הָכָא אָזֵיל לְהָכָא, מַאן דְּמוֹקְמִין לֵיהּ מִן הָכָא אָזֵיל לְהָכָא, אָמַר זֶה הוֹלֵךְ לַעֲשׂוֹת שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּכְנַס לָעִיר נָפְלָה הֲבָרָה בָּעִיר פְּלוֹנִי בַּר פְּלוֹנִי נְשָׁכוֹ נָחָשׁ וָמֵת. רַבִּי יִצְחָק בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר הֲוָה מְטַיֵּל בְּשׁוּנִיתָא בְּקֵיסָרִי, מָצָא קוּלִית אַחַת מֻשְׁלֶכֶת בַּדֶּרֶךְ הָיָה מַצְנַע לָהּ מִן הָכָא הָדַר מַשְׁכַּח לָהּ מִן הָכָא, אָמַר כִּמְדֻמֶּה אֲנִי שֶׁזּוֹ מְתֻקֶּנֶת לַעֲשׂוֹת שְׁלִיחוּתָהּ, בָּתַר יוֹמִין עֲבַר בַּלְדָּר מִן מַלְכוּתָא נִכְשַׁל בָּהּ וְנָפַל בָּהּ וָמֵת, בָּדְקוּ אַחֲרָיו וּמָצְאוּ בְּיָדוֹ כְּתָבִין בִּישִׁין עַל יְהוּדָאִין. מַעֲשֶׂה בִּשְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁהָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ, אֶחָד פִּקֵּחַ וְאֶחָד סוּמָא, יָשְׁבוּ לֶאֱכֹל פָּשְׁטוּ יְדֵיהֶם לְעִשְׂבֵּי הַשָֹּׂדֶה וְאָכְלוּ, זֶה שֶׁהָיָה פִּקֵּחַ נִסְתַּמָּא, וְזֶה שֶׁהָיָה סוּמָא נִתְפַּקַּח, לֹא זָזוּ מִשָּׁם עַד שֶׁזֶּה נִסְמַךְ עַל זֶה שֶׁהָיָה סוֹמְכוֹ. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְּאֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה הוֹלֵךְ מֵאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְבָבֶל, כְּשֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל לֶחֶם רָאָה שְׁנֵי צִפֳּרִים מִתְנַצִּין זֶה עִם זֶה, הָרַג אֶחָד מֵהֶם אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, הָלַךְ וְהֵבִיא עֵשֶׂב וְהִנִּיחוֹ עַל פִּיו וְהֶחֱיָהוּ, הָלַךְ אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ וְנָטַל אוֹתוֹ הָעֵשֶׂב שֶׁנָּפַל מִן הַצִּפּוֹר וְהָלַךְ לְהַחֲיוֹת בּוֹ אֶת הַמֵּתִים, כְּשֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְסֻלָּמָהּ שֶׁל צוֹר מָצָא אֲרֵי מֻשְׁלָךְ וּמֵת, הֵנִיחַ הָעֵשֶׂב עַל פִּיו וְהֶחֱיָּהוּ, עָמַד הָאֲרִי וַאֲכָלוֹ, מַתְלָא אָמְרִין טַב לְבִישׁ לָא תַעֲבֵיד וּבִישָׁא לָא מָטֵי לָךְ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּשִׂיחִין אֶחָד סוּמָא שֶׁיָּרַד בַּמַּיִם לִטְבֹּל, נִזְדַּמְּנָה לוֹ בְּאֵרָהּ שֶׁל מִרְיָם וְטָבַל וְנִתְרַפֵּא. טִיטוּס הָרָשָׁע נִכְנַס בְּבֵית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים כְּשֶׁהוּא מְחָרֵף וּמְגַדֵּף, עָמַד וְגִדֵּר אֶת הַפָּרֹכֶת וְנָטַל סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה וְהִצִּיעָהּ וְהֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי זוֹנוֹת וְעָבַר עֲלֶיהֶן, וְשָׁלַף חַרְבּוֹ וְקִצֵּץ אֶת סֵפֶר הַתּוֹרָה, נַעֲשָׂה נֵס הִתְחִיל דַּם מְבַצְבֵּץ מִמֶּנּוּ, הִתְחִיל מִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ לוֹמַר שֶׁעַצְמוֹ הָרַג, הִתְחִיל מִתְגַּבֵּר וְהוֹלֵךְ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לַיָּם הָיָה הַיָּם הוֹלֵךְ וְסוֹעֵר, אָמַר אֱלֹהֵיהֶם שֶׁל אֵלּוּ אֵין גְּבוּרָתוֹ אֶלָּא בַּיָּם, אִם הוּא רוֹצֶה יַעֲלֶה לַיַּבָּשָׁה וְנִרְאֶה מִי נוֹצֵחַ, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא רָשָׁע בֶּן רָשָׁע בְּרִיָּה פְּחוּתָה קַלָּה שֶׁבִּבְרִיּוֹתַי אֲנִי מַשְׁלִיחַ בְּךָ לְבַעֶרְךָ מִן הָעוֹלָם. נִכְנַס יַתּוּשׁ בְּחָטְמוֹ וּמֵת בְּמִיתָה מְשֻׁנָּה. וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא בְּרִיָּה שְׁפָלָה, עַל שֶׁמַּכְנִיס וְאֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא. וּפְעָמִים עַל יְדֵי צִרְעָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כג, כח): וְשָׁלַחְתִּי אֶת הַצִּרְעָה. אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ כְּשֶׁשָּׁלַח הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת הַצִּרְעָה לִפְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לַהֲרֹג אֶת הָאֱמוֹרִים, רְאֵה מַה כְּתִיב בָּהֶן (עמוס ב, ט): וְאָנֹכִי הִשְׁמַדְתִּי אֶת הָאֱמֹרִי מִפְּנֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר כְּגֹבַהּ אֲרָזִים גָּבְהוֹ וְחָסֹן הוּא כָּאַלּוֹנִים וָאַשְׁמִיד פִּרְיוֹ מִמַּעַל וגו'. הָיְתָה נִכְנֶסֶת לְתוֹךְ עֵינוֹ שֶׁל יְמִין וְשׁוֹפֶכֶת אִרְסָהּ וְהָיָה מִתְבַּקֵּעַ וְנוֹפֵל וָמֵת, שֶׁכֵּן דַּרְכּוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַעֲשׂוֹת שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ עַל יְדֵי דְבָרִים קַלִּים, לְכָל הַמִּתְגָּאִין עָלָיו שָׁלַח לָהֶם בְּרִיָה קַלָּה לְהִפָּרַע מֵהֶם, לְהוֹדִיעֲךָ שֶׁאֵין גְּבוּרָתָן מַמָּשׁ, וְלֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא עָתִיד הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לִפָּרַע מִן הָאֻמּוֹת עַל יְדֵי דְבָרִים קַלִּים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה ז, יח): וְהָיָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יִשְׁרֹק ה' לַזְּבוּב אֲשֶׁר בִּקְצֵה יְאֹרֵי מִצְרָיִם וְלַדְּבוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר בְּאֶרֶץ אַשּׁוּר. | 18.22. "---", |
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| 48. Jerome, Letters, 120.8.2 (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, love of ones •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 136 |
| 49. Jerome, Letters, 120.8.2 (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, love of ones •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 136 |
| 50. Jerome, Letters, 120.8.2 (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, love of ones •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 136 |
| 51. Anon., Avot Derabbi Nathan B, 7 (6th cent. CE - 8th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 224 |
| 52. Anon., Proem 17 393, 582, 1 Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 224 |
| 53. Anon., Sifra, Aharei Mot, 933 Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 227 |
| 54. Anon., Apocalypse of Peter, 8 Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 68 |
| 55. Anon., Pesiqta De-Rabbi Eliezer, 48 Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 224 |
56. Babylonian Talmud, Avodah Zarah, None Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 232| 17b. דנכיס יצריה א"ל אידך ניזיל אפיתחא דבי זונות ונכפייה ליצרין ונקבל אגרא כי מטו התם חזינהו [לזונות] איתכנעו מקמייהו,א"ל מנא לך הא א"ל (משלי ב, יא) מזמה תשמור עלך תבונה תנצרכה,א"ל רבנן לרבא מאי מזימה אילימא תורה דכתיב בה זימה ומתרגמינן עצת חטאין וכתיב (ישעיהו כח, כט) הפליא עצה הגדיל תושיה אי הכי זימה מבעי ליה ה"ק מדבר זימה תשמור עליך תורה תנצרכה,ת"ר כשנתפסו רבי אלעזר בן פרטא ורבי חנינא בן תרדיון א"ל ר' אלעזר בן פרטא לרבי חנינא בן תרדיון אשריך שנתפסת על דבר אחד אוי לי שנתפסתי על חמשה דברים,א"ל רבי חנינא אשריך שנתפסת על חמשה דברים ואתה ניצול אוי לי שנתפסתי על דבר אחד ואיני ניצול שאת עסקת בתורה ובגמילות חסדים ואני לא עסקתי אלא בתורה [בלבד],וכדרב הונא דאמר רב הונא כל העוסק בתורה בלבד דומה כמי שאין לו אלוה שנאמר (דברי הימים ב טו, ג) וימים רבים לישראל ללא אלהי אמת [וגו'] מאי ללא אלהי אמת שכל העוסק בתורה בלבד דומה כמי שאין לו אלוה,ובגמילות חסדים לא עסק והתניא רבי אליעזר בן יעקב אומר לא יתן אדם מעותיו לארנקי של צדקה אלא א"כ ממונה עליו תלמיד חכם כר' חנינא בן תרדיון הימנוה הוא דהוה מהימן מיעבד לא עבד,והתניא אמר לו מעות של פורים נתחלפו לי במעות של צדקה וחלקתים לעניים מיעבד עבד כדבעי ליה לא עבד,אתיוהו לרבי אלעזר בן פרטא אמרו מ"ט תנית ומ"ט גנבת אמר להו אי סייפא לא ספרא ואי ספרא לא סייפא ומדהא ליתא הא נמי ליתא ומ"ט קרו לך רבי רבן של תרסיים אני,אייתו ליה תרי קיבורי אמרו ליה הי דשתיא והי דערבא איתרחיש ליה ניסא אתיא זיבוריתא אותיבא על דשתיא ואתאי זיבורא ויתיב על דערבא אמר להו האי דשתיא והאי דערבא,א"ל ומ"ט לא אתית לבי אבידן אמר להו זקן הייתי ומתיירא אני שמא תרמסוני ברגליכם [אמרו] ועד האידנא כמה סבי איתרמוס אתרחיש ניסא ההוא יומא אירמס חד סבא,ומ"ט קא שבקת עבדך לחירות אמר להו לא היו דברים מעולם קם חד [מינייהו] לאסהודי ביה אתא אליהו אידמי ליה כחד מחשובי דמלכותא א"ל מדאתרחיש ליה ניסא בכולהו בהא נמי אתרחיש ליה ניסא וההוא גברא בישותיה הוא דקא אחוי,ולא אשגח ביה קם למימר להו הוה כתיבא איגרתא דהוה כתיב מחשיבי דמלכות לשדורי לבי קיסר ושדרוה על ידיה דההוא גברא אתא אליהו פתקיה ארבע מאה פרסי אזל ולא אתא,אתיוהו לרבי חנינא בן תרדיון אמרו ליה אמאי קא עסקת באורייתא אמר להו כאשר צוני ה' אלהי מיד גזרו עליו לשריפה ועל אשתו להריגה ועל בתו לישב בקובה של זונות עליו לשריפה שהיה | 17b. b as the inclination /b to engage in idol worship b has been slaughtered /b and the temptation to sin in this manner no longer exists. b The other said to him: Let us go by /b the path that leads to b the entrance of /b the b brothel and overpower our inclination, and /b thereby b receive a reward. When they arrived there, they saw /b that b the prostitutes yielded before their presence, /b i.e., they entered the building out of respect for the Sages.,One b said to /b the other: b From where did you know this, /b that the prostitutes would retreat from us in embarrassment? b He said to him: /b It is written: b “From lewdness [ i mezimma /i ] it shall watch over you; discernment shall guard you” /b (Proverbs 2:11), i.e., the Torah will serve as a safeguard against lewdness., b The Sages said to Rava: What /b is the meaning of b i mezimma /i ? If we say /b that it is referring to the b Torah /b that will guard you, b as it is written in it: “ i Zimma /i ” /b (Leviticus 18:17), b and we translate /b this term as: b The counsel of [ i atzat /i ] the sinners, /b demonstrating that i zimma /i is referring to counsel or wisdom, b and /b the term i etza /i b is /b also b written /b with regard to the Torah: “This also comes forth from the Lord of hosts: b Wonderful is His counsel [ i etza /i ], and great is His wisdom” /b (Isaiah 28:29), this is difficult. The Gemara explains the difficulty: b If so, /b the verse b should have /b said: b i Zimma /i , /b and not i mezimma /i . Rather, b this /b is what the verse b is saying: From lewd matters [ i midevar zimma /i ], it shall watch over you, the Torah shall guard you, /b i.e., the term discernment is a reference to the Torah.,§ The Gemara returns to its discussion of the judgments of the Sages by the Roman rulers. b The Sages taught: When Rabbi Elazar ben Perata and Rabbi Ḥanina ben Teradyon were arrested /b by the Romans during the time of the religious persecution of the Jewish people, b Rabbi Elazar ben Perata said to Rabbi Ḥanina ben Teradyon: Fortunate are you, as you were arrested on one charge /b only, of teaching Torah publicly; b woe is me, as I have been arrested on five charges. /b , b Rabbi Ḥanina /b ben Teradyon b said to him: Fortunate are you, as you were arrested on five charges but you will be saved; woe is me, as I have been arrested on one charge, but I will not be saved. /b You will be saved b because you engaged in Torah /b study b and in acts of charity, and I engaged in Torah /b study b alone. /b ,The Gemara comments: b And /b this is b in accordance with /b a statement b of Rav Huna, as Rav Huna says: Anyone who occupies himself with Torah /b study b alone is considered like one who does not have a God. As it is stated: “Now for long seasons Israel was without the true God, /b and without a teaching priest, and without the Torah” (II Chronicles 15:3). b What /b is meant by b “without the true God”? /b This teaches b that anyone who engages in Torah /b study b alone is considered like one who does not have /b a true b God. /b ,The Gemara asks: b And /b is it true that Rabbi Ḥanina ben Teradyon b did not engage in acts of charity? But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: A person should not donate his money to the charity purse [ i le’arnakei /i ] unless a Torah scholar like Rabbi Ḥanina ben Teradyon is appointed /b as supervisor b over it? /b The Gemara answers: b He was trusted /b to distribute the charity with honesty and integrity, but he himself b did not perform /b charitable acts.,The Gemara asks: b But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i that Rabbi Ḥanina ben Teradyon b said to /b Rabbi Yosei ben Kisma: b I confused /b my own b coins /b that I needed b for /b the festivities of b Purim with coins of charity, and I distributed them /b all b to the poor /b at my own expense. How then can it be said that he never engaged in charitable acts? The Gemara responds: b He did perform /b acts of charity, but b he did not perform as /b many acts as b he should have, /b in light of his wealth.,The Gemara returns to the description of the trial of the Sages. The Romans b brought Rabbi Elazar ben Perata /b for his trial and b said: What is the reason /b that b you taught /b Torah, b and what is the reason /b that b you stole, /b as these were the crimes of which he was accused. Rabbi Elazar ben Perata b said to them: If one is an armed robber [ i sayafa /i ], he is not a scholar [ i safra /i ], and if one is a scholar he is not an armed robber, /b i.e., I am accused of two mutually exclusive crimes; b and from /b the fact b that this /b characterization b is not /b true, one may also conclude that b that /b characterization b is also not /b true. They asked him: b But /b if you do not teach Torah, then b what is the reason /b that b they call you rabbi? /b He answered: b I am the master [ i rabban /i ] of weavers [ i tarsiyyim /i ]. /b ,In order to ascertain whether Rabbi Elazar ben Perata was in fact an expert weaver, b they brought him two coils /b of wool and b said to him: Which is /b the b warp, and which is /b the b woof? /b The threads used for each differ in their thickness and strength and would be immediately recognizable to an expert. b A miracle occurred, /b as b a female hornet came /b and b sat on /b the coil b of warp, and a male hornet came and sat on /b the coil b of woof. /b Rabbi Elazar ben Perata b said to them: This /b is a coil b of warp, and that /b is a coil b of woof. /b He realized that the male hornet was a sign that the coil was the woof, as the woof is threaded through the warp, while the warp, which is fixed in the loom and receives the woof, was the one on which the female hornet sat, as the female of a species receives the male.,The Romans b said to him: And what is the reason /b that b you did not come to the house of Abidan? /b This was a gathering place where debates on wisdom and faith were conducted. Rabbi Elazar ben Perata b said to them: I was old and feared /b that b perhaps I would be trampled under your feet, /b due to the huge crowds. The Romans b said: And until now, how many elders have been trampled /b there, that you would be worried about such a possibility? The Gemara comments: b A miracle occurred, /b and on b that day, one old man was trampled. /b ,The Romans asked Rabbi Elazar ben Perata: b And what is the reason /b that b you emancipated your slave? /b Rabbi Elazar ben Perata b said to them: This matter never happened. One of them stood to testify against him, /b and b Elijah came disguised as one of the of the Roman noblemen, /b and he b said to /b that individual: b From /b the fact b that miracles occurred for /b Rabbi Elazar ben Perata b in every /b other case, b in this /b instance b as well a miracle will occur for him, and that man, /b i.e., you, b is /b only b demonstrating his wickedness, /b since you cannot succeed in your aim and are merely showing yourself to be desperate to cause harm., b But /b the man b paid him no heed, /b and he b stood to say /b his testimony b to them. /b At that time b there was a written letter that was composed by /b some b of the /b most b important people of /b the Roman b Empire /b in order b to send /b it b to the Emperor’s court, and they /b had b sent it in the possession of that man, /b i.e., the potential witness. b Elijah came /b and b threw it /b a distance of b four hundred parasangs. /b The man b went and did not come /b back, and therefore all the charges against Rabbi Elazar ben Perata were dropped.,The Romans b brought Rabbi Ḥanina ben Teradyon /b for judgment, and they b said to him: Why did you occupy yourself with the Torah? /b Rabbi Ḥanina ben Teradyon b said to them, /b citing a verse: b “As the Lord my God commanded me” /b (Deuteronomy 4:5). b They immediately sentenced him to /b death by means of b burning, and /b they sentenced b his wife to execution /b by decapitation, b and his daughter /b was condemned b to sit in a brothel [ i kubba shel zonot /i ]. /b The Gemara explains the Divine decree that he should receive this punishment: b He /b was sentenced b to /b death by b burning, as he would /b |
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| 57. Anon., Ruthrabbah, 1 Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 224 |
| 58. Council of Elvira, Can., None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 31, 33 |
| 59. Eusebius of Caesarea, Against Heresies, 4.28.4 Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, prayer of forgiveness for ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 139 |
| 61. Anon., Pesiqta De Rav Kahana, 24.3 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 226 |
| 62. Anon., Lexicon Artis Grammaticae (E Cod. Coislin. 345), 22.3 Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, of israel •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 224 |
| 63. Anon., Peshitta Leviticus, 38/40 Tagged with subjects: •enemies, clemency toward ones, retributive suffering of ones Found in books: Boustan Janssen and Roetzel (2010) 232 |
