The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Index Database

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27 results for "dough"

1. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 23.17, 27.28 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 75, 208

23.17. "מִמּוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם תָּבִיאּוּ לֶחֶם תְּנוּפָה שְׁתַּיִם שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים סֹלֶת תִּהְיֶינָה חָמֵץ תֵּאָפֶינָה בִּכּוּרִים לַיהוָה׃", 27.28. "אַךְ־כָּל־חֵרֶם אֲשֶׁר יַחֲרִם אִישׁ לַיהוָה מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ מֵאָדָם וּבְהֵמָה וּמִשְּׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּתוֹ לֹא יִמָּכֵר וְלֹא יִגָּאֵל כָּל־חֵרֶם קֹדֶשׁ־קָדָשִׁים הוּא לַיהוָה׃",

23.17. "Ye shall bring out of your dwellings two wave-loaves of two tenth parts of an ephah; they shall be of fine flour, they shall be baked with leaven, for first-fruits unto the LORD.", 27.28. "Notwithstanding, no devoted thing, that a man may devote unto the LORD of all that he hath, whether of man or beast, or of the field of his possession, shall be sold or redeemed; every devoted thing is most holy unto the LORD.",

2. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 5.28, 11.26, 15.18-15.21, 21.1-21.3 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Avery-Peck, Chilton, and Scott Green (2014), A Legacy of Learning: Essays in Honor of Jacob Neusner , 59; Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 75, 208

5.28. "וְאִם־לֹא נִטְמְאָה הָאִשָּׁה וּטְהֹרָה הִוא וְנִקְּתָה וְנִזְרְעָה זָרַע׃", 11.26. "וַיִּשָּׁאֲרוּ שְׁנֵי־אֲנָשִׁים בַּמַּחֲנֶה שֵׁם הָאֶחָד אֶלְדָּד וְשֵׁם הַשֵּׁנִי מֵידָד וַתָּנַח עֲלֵיהֶם הָרוּחַ וְהֵמָּה בַּכְּתֻבִים וְלֹא יָצְאוּ הָאֹהֱלָה וַיִּתְנַבְּאוּ בַּמַּחֲנֶה׃", 15.18. "דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם בְּבֹאֲכֶם אֶל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי מֵבִיא אֶתְכֶם שָׁמָּה׃", 15.19. "וְהָיָה בַּאֲכָלְכֶם מִלֶּחֶם הָאָרֶץ תָּרִימוּ תְרוּמָה לַיהוָה׃", 15.21. "מֵרֵאשִׁית עֲרִסֹתֵיכֶם תִּתְּנוּ לַיהוָה תְּרוּמָה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם׃", 21.1. "וַיִּשְׁמַע הַכְּנַעֲנִי מֶלֶךְ־עֲרָד יֹשֵׁב הַנֶּגֶב כִּי בָּא יִשְׂרָאֵל דֶּרֶךְ הָאֲתָרִים וַיִּלָּחֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּשְׁבְּ מִמֶּנּוּ שֶׁבִי׃", 21.1. "וַיִּסְעוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיַּחֲנוּ בְּאֹבֹת׃", 21.2. "וַיִּדַּר יִשְׂרָאֵל נֶדֶר לַיהוָה וַיֹּאמַר אִם־נָתֹן תִּתֵּן אֶת־הָעָם הַזֶּה בְּיָדִי וְהַחֲרַמְתִּי אֶת־עָרֵיהֶם׃", 21.2. "וּמִבָּמוֹת הַגַּיְא אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׂדֵה מוֹאָב רֹאשׁ הַפִּסְגָּה וְנִשְׁקָפָה עַל־פְּנֵי הַיְשִׁימֹן׃", 21.3. "וַנִּירָם אָבַד חֶשְׁבּוֹן עַד־דִּיבוֹן וַנַּשִּׁים עַד־נֹפַח אֲשֶׁר עַד־מֵידְבָא׃", 21.3. "וַיִּשְׁמַע יְהוָה בְּקוֹל יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּתֵּן אֶת־הַכְּנַעֲנִי וַיַּחֲרֵם אֶתְהֶם וְאֶת־עָרֵיהֶם וַיִּקְרָא שֵׁם־הַמָּקוֹם חָרְמָה׃",

5.28. "And if the woman be not defiled, but be clean; then she shall be cleared, and shall conceive seed.", 11.26. "But there remained two men in the camp, the name of the one was Eldad, and the name of the other Medad; and the spirit rested upon them; and they were of them that were recorded, but had not gone out unto the Tent; and they prophesied in the camp.", 15.18. "Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them: When ye come into the land whither I bring you,", 15.19. "then it shall be, that, when ye eat of the bread of the land, ye shall set apart a portion for a gift unto the LORD.", 15.20. "of the first of your dough ye shall set apart a cake for a gift; as that which is set apart of the threshing-floor, so shall ye set it apart.", 15.21. "of the first of your dough ye shall give unto the LORD a portion for a gift throughout your generations.", 21.1. "And the Canaanite, the king of Arad, who dwelt in the South, heard tell that Israel came by the way of Atharim; and he fought against Israel, and took some of them captive.", 21.2. "And Israel vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said: ‘If Thou wilt indeed deliver this people into my hand, then I will utterly destroy their cities.’", 21.3. "And the LORD hearkened to the voice of Israel, and delivered up the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities; and the name of the place was called Hormah.",

3. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 23.15, 24.67, 25.10 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Avery-Peck, Chilton, and Scott Green (2014), A Legacy of Learning: Essays in Honor of Jacob Neusner , 208

23.15. "אֲדֹנִי שְׁמָעֵנִי אֶרֶץ אַרְבַּע מֵאֹת שֶׁקֶל־כֶּסֶף בֵּינִי וּבֵינְךָ מַה־הִוא וְאֶת־מֵתְךָ קְבֹר׃", 24.67. "וַיְבִאֶהָ יִצְחָק הָאֹהֱלָה שָׂרָה אִמּוֹ וַיִּקַּח אֶת־רִבְקָה וַתְּהִי־לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה וַיֶּאֱהָבֶהָ וַיִּנָּחֵם יִצְחָק אַחֲרֵי אִמּוֹ׃",

23.15. "’My lord, hearken unto me: a piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver, what is that betwixt me and thee? bury therefore thy dead.’", 24.67. "And Isaac brought her into his mother Sarah’s tent, and took Rebekah, and she became his wife; and he loved her. And Isaac was comforted for his mother.", 25.10. "the field which Abraham purchased of the children of Heth; there was Abraham buried, and Sarah his wife.",

4. Hebrew Bible, Jonah, 2.10 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 75

2.10. "But I will sacrifice unto Thee With the voice of thanksgiving; That which I have vowed I will pay. Salvation is of the LORD.",

5. Hebrew Bible, Judges, 1.1, 11.30-11.31, 13.5 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Avery-Peck, Chilton, and Scott Green (2014), A Legacy of Learning: Essays in Honor of Jacob Neusner , 59; Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 75

1.1. "וַיֵּלֶךְ יְהוּדָה אֶל־הַכְּנַעֲנִי הַיּוֹשֵׁב בְּחֶבְרוֹן וְשֵׁם־חֶבְרוֹן לְפָנִים קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע וַיַּכּוּ אֶת־שֵׁשַׁי וְאֶת־אֲחִימַן וְאֶת־תַּלְמָי׃", 1.1. "וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּיהוָה לֵאמֹר מִי יַעֲלֶה־לָּנוּ אֶל־הַכְּנַעֲנִי בַּתְּחִלָּה לְהִלָּחֶם בּוֹ׃", 11.31. "וְהָיָה הַיּוֹצֵא אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא מִדַּלְתֵי בֵיתִי לִקְרָאתִי בְּשׁוּבִי בְשָׁלוֹם מִבְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וְהָיָה לַיהוָה וְהַעֲלִיתִהוּ עוֹלָה׃", 13.5. "כִּי הִנָּךְ הָרָה וְיֹלַדְתְּ בֵּן וּמוֹרָה לֹא־יַעֲלֶה עַל־רֹאשׁוֹ כִּי־נְזִיר אֱלֹהִים יִהְיֶה הַנַּעַר מִן־הַבָּטֶן וְהוּא יָחֵל לְהוֹשִׁיעַ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִיַּד פְּלִשְׁתִּים׃",

1.1. "Now after the death of Yehoshua it came to pass, that the children of Yisra᾽el asked the Lord, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Kena῾ani first, to fight against them?", 11.30. "And Yiftaĥ vowed a vow to the Lord, and said, If Thou shalt deliver the children of ῾Ammon into my hands,", 11.31. "then whatever comes out of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of ῾Ammon, shall surely be the Lord’s, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.", 13.5. "for, lo, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall come on his head: for the child shall be a Nazir to God from the womb: and he shall begin to deliver Yisra᾽el out of the hand of the Pelishtim.",

6. Hebrew Bible, 1 Samuel, 15.2, 17.12 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Avery-Peck, Chilton, and Scott Green (2014), A Legacy of Learning: Essays in Honor of Jacob Neusner , 59

15.2. "וַיֹּאמֶר שָׁאוּל אֶל־שְׁמוּאֵל אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתִּי בְּקוֹל יְהוָה וָאֵלֵךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־שְׁלָחַנִי יְהוָה וָאָבִיא אֶת־אֲגַג מֶלֶךְ עֲמָלֵק וְאֶת־עֲמָלֵק הֶחֱרַמְתִּי׃", 15.2. "כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת פָּקַדְתִּי אֵת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה עֲמָלֵק לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר־שָׂם לוֹ בַּדֶּרֶךְ בַּעֲלֹתוֹ מִמִּצְרָיִם׃", 17.12. "וְדָוִד בֶּן־אִישׁ אֶפְרָתִי הַזֶּה מִבֵּית לֶחֶם יְהוּדָה וּשְׁמוֹ יִשַׁי וְלוֹ שְׁמֹנָה בָנִים וְהָאִישׁ בִּימֵי שָׁאוּל זָקֵן בָּא בַאֲנָשִׁים׃",

15.2. "Thus says the Lord of hosts, I remember that which ῾Amaleq did to Yisra᾽el, how he laid wait for him in the way, when he came up from Miżrayim.", 17.12. "Now David was the son of that Efrati of Bet-leĥem-yehuda, whose name was Yishay; and he had eight sons: and the man was old in the days of Sha᾽ul, an aged man.",

7. Hebrew Bible, 2 Samuel, 15.7 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 75

15.7. "וַיְהִי מִקֵּץ אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ אֵלֲכָה נָּא וַאֲשַׁלֵּם אֶת־נִדְרִי אֲשֶׁר־נָדַרְתִּי לַיהוָה בְּחֶבְרוֹן׃",

15.7. "And it came to pass after forty years, that Avshalom said to the king, I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed to the Lord, in Ĥevron.",

8. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 19.21 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 75

19.21. "וְנוֹדַע יְהוָה לְמִצְרַיִם וְיָדְעוּ מִצְרַיִם אֶת־יְהוָה בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא וְעָבְדוּ זֶבַח וּמִנְחָה וְנָדְרוּ־נֵדֶר לַיהוָה וְשִׁלֵּמוּ׃",

19.21. "And the LORD shall make Himself known to Egypt, and the Egyptians shall know the LORD in that day; yea, they shall worship with sacrifice and offering, and shall vow a vow unto the LORD, and shall perform it.",

9. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 44.9-44.16, 44.20, 44.28, 45.7-45.10, 45.13-45.17, 46.16-46.18, 48.21-48.22 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 75, 99

44.9. "כֹּה־אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה כָּל־בֶּן־נֵכָר עֶרֶל לֵב וְעֶרֶל בָּשָׂר לֹא יָבוֹא אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁי לְכָל־בֶּן־נֵכָר אֲשֶׁר בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃", 44.11. "וְהָיוּ בְמִקְדָּשִׁי מְשָׁרְתִים פְּקֻדּוֹת אֶל־שַׁעֲרֵי הַבַּיִת וּמְשָׁרְתִים אֶת־הַבָּיִת הֵמָּה יִשְׁחֲטוּ אֶת־הָעֹלָה וְאֶת־הַזֶּבַח לָעָם וְהֵמָּה יַעַמְדוּ לִפְנֵיהֶם לְשָׁרְתָם׃", 44.12. "יַעַן אֲשֶׁר יְשָׁרְתוּ אוֹתָם לִפְנֵי גִלּוּלֵיהֶם וְהָיוּ לְבֵית־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִכְשׁוֹל עָוֺן עַל־כֵּן נָשָׂאתִי יָדִי עֲלֵיהֶם נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה וְנָשְׂאוּ עֲוֺנָם׃", 44.13. "וְלֹא־יִגְּשׁוּ אֵלַי לְכַהֵן לִי וְלָגֶשֶׁת עַל־כָּל־קָדָשַׁי אֶל־קָדְשֵׁי הַקְּדָשִׁים וְנָשְׂאוּ כְּלִמָּתָם וְתוֹעֲבוֹתָם אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ׃", 44.14. "וְנָתַתִּי אוֹתָם שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַבָּיִת לְכֹל עֲבֹדָתוֹ וּלְכֹל אֲשֶׁר יֵעָשֶׂה בּוֹ׃", 44.15. "וְהַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם בְּנֵי צָדוֹק אֲשֶׁר שָׁמְרוּ אֶת־מִשְׁמֶרֶת מִקְדָּשִׁי בִּתְעוֹת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵעָלַי הֵמָּה יִקְרְבוּ אֵלַי לְשָׁרְתֵנִי וְעָמְדוּ לְפָנַי לְהַקְרִיב לִי חֵלֶב וָדָם נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה׃", 44.16. "הֵמָּה יָבֹאוּ אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁי וְהֵמָּה יִקְרְבוּ אֶל־שֻׁלְחָנִי לְשָׁרְתֵנִי וְשָׁמְרוּ אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתִּי׃", 44.28. "וְהָיְתָה לָהֶם לְנַחֲלָה אֲנִי נַחֲלָתָם וַאֲחֻזָּה לֹא־תִתְּנוּ לָהֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲנִי אֲחֻזָּתָם׃", 45.7. "וְלַנָּשִׂיא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה לִתְרוּמַת הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְלַאֲחֻזַּת הָעִיר אֶל־פְּנֵי תְרוּמַת־הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְאֶל־פְּנֵי אֲחֻזַּת הָעִיר מִפְּאַת־יָם יָמָּה וּמִפְּאַת־קֵדְמָה קָדִימָה וְאֹרֶךְ לְעֻמּוֹת אַחַד הַחֲלָקִים מִגְּבוּל יָם אֶל־גְּבוּל קָדִימָה׃", 45.8. "לָאָרֶץ יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ לַאֲחֻזָּה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֹא־יוֹנוּ עוֹד נְשִׂיאַי אֶת־עַמִּי וְהָאָרֶץ יִתְּנוּ לְבֵית־יִשְׂרָאֵל לְשִׁבְטֵיהֶם׃", 45.9. "כֹּה־אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה רַב־לָכֶם נְשִׂיאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל חָמָס וָשֹׁד הָסִירוּ וּמִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה עֲשׂוּ הָרִימוּ גְרֻשֹׁתֵיכֶם מֵעַל עַמִּי נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה׃", 45.13. "זֹאת הַתְּרוּמָה אֲשֶׁר תָּרִימוּ שִׁשִּׁית הָאֵיפָה מֵחֹמֶר הַחִטִּים וְשִׁשִּׁיתֶם הָאֵיפָה מֵחֹמֶר הַשְּׂעֹרִים׃", 45.14. "וְחֹק הַשֶּׁמֶן הַבַּת הַשֶּׁמֶן מַעְשַׂר הַבַּת מִן־הַכֹּר עֲשֶׂרֶת הַבַּתִּים חֹמֶר כִּי־עֲשֶׂרֶת הַבַּתִּים חֹמֶר׃", 45.15. "וְשֶׂה־אַחַת מִן־הַצֹּאן מִן־הַמָּאתַיִם מִמַּשְׁקֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִנְחָה וּלְעוֹלָה וְלִשְׁלָמִים לְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיהֶם נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה׃", 45.16. "כֹּל הָעָם הָאָרֶץ יִהְיוּ אֶל־הַתְּרוּמָה הַזֹּאת לַנָּשִׂיא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל׃", 45.17. "וְעַל־הַנָּשִׂיא יִהְיֶה הָעוֹלוֹת וְהַמִּנְחָה וְהַנֵּסֶךְ בַּחַגִּים וּבֶחֳדָשִׁים וּבַשַּׁבָּתוֹת בְּכָל־מוֹעֲדֵי בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא־יַעֲשֶׂה אֶת־הַחַטָּאת וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָה וְאֶת־הָעוֹלָה וְאֶת־הַשְּׁלָמִים לְכַפֵּר בְּעַד בֵּית־יִשְׂרָאֵל׃", 46.16. "כֹּה־אָמַר אֲדֹנָי יְהֹוִה כִּי־יִתֵּן הַנָּשִׂיא מַתָּנָה לְאִישׁ מִבָּנָיו נַחֲלָתוֹ הִיא לְבָנָיו תִּהְיֶה אֲחֻזָּתָם הִיא בְּנַחֲלָה׃", 46.17. "וְכִי־יִתֵּן מַתָּנָה מִנַּחֲלָתוֹ לְאַחַד מֵעֲבָדָיו וְהָיְתָה לּוֹ עַד־שְׁנַת הַדְּרוֹר וְשָׁבַת לַנָּשִׂיא אַךְ נַחֲלָתוֹ בָּנָיו לָהֶם תִּהְיֶה׃", 46.18. "וְלֹא־יִקַּח הַנָּשִׂיא מִנַּחֲלַת הָעָם לְהוֹנֹתָם מֵאֲחֻזָּתָם מֵאֲחֻזָּתוֹ יַנְחִל אֶת־בָּנָיו לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָפֻצוּ עַמִּי אִישׁ מֵאֲחֻזָּתוֹ׃", 48.21. "וְהַנּוֹתָר לַנָּשִׂיא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה לִתְרוּמַת־הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְלַאֲחֻזַּת הָעִיר אֶל־פְּנֵי חֲמִשָּׁה וְעֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף תְּרוּמָה עַד־גְּבוּל קָדִימָה וְיָמָּה עַל־פְּנֵי חֲמִשָּׁה וְעֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף עַל־גְּבוּל יָמָּה לְעֻמַּת חֲלָקִים לַנָּשִׂיא וְהָיְתָה תְּרוּמַת הַקֹּדֶשׁ וּמִקְדַּשׁ הַבַּיִת בתוכה [בְּתוֹכוֹ׃]", 48.22. "וּמֵאֲחֻזַּת הַלְוִיִּם וּמֵאֲחֻזַּת הָעִיר בְּתוֹךְ אֲשֶׁר לַנָּשִׂיא יִהְיֶה בֵּין גְּבוּל יְהוּדָה וּבֵין גְּבוּל בִּנְיָמִן לַנָּשִׂיא יִהְיֶה׃",

44.9. "Thus saith the Lord GOD: No alien, uncircumcised in heart and uncircumcised in flesh, shall enter into My sanctuary, even any alien that is among the children of Israel.", 44.10. "But the Levites, that went far from Me, when Israel went astray, that went astray from Me after their idols, they shall bear their iniquity;", 44.11. "and they shall be ministers in My sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering in the house: they shall slay the burnt-offering and the sacrifice for the people, and they shall stand before them to minister unto them.", 44.12. "Because they ministered unto them before their idols, and became a stumblingblock of iniquity unto the house of Israel; therefore have I lifted up My hand against them, saith the Lord GOD, and they shall bear their iniquity.", 44.13. "And they shall not come near unto Me, to minister unto Me in the priest’s office, nor to come near to any of My holy things, unto the things that are most holy; but they shall bear their shame, and their abominations which they have committed.", 44.14. "And I will make them keepers of the charge of the house, for all the service thereof, and for all that shall be done therein.", 44.15. "But the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok, that kept the charge of My sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from Me, they shall come near to Me to minister unto Me; and they shall stand before Me to offer unto Me the fat and the blood, saith the Lord GOD;", 44.16. "they shall enter into My sanctuary, and they shall come near to My table, to minister unto Me, and they shall keep My charge.", 44.20. "Neither shall they shave their heads, nor suffer their locks to grow long; they shall only poll their heads.", 44.28. "And it shall be unto them for an inheritance: I am their inheritance; and ye shall give them no possession in Israel: I am their possession.", 45.7. "And for the prince, on the one side and on the other side of the holy offering and of the possession of the city, in front of the holy offering and in front of the possession of the city, on the west side westward, and on the east side eastward; and in length answerable unto one of the portions, from the west border unto the east border", 45.8. "of the land; it shall be to him for a possession in Israel, and My princes shall no more wrong My people; but they shall give the land to the house of Israel according to their tribes.", 45.9. "Thus saith the Lord GOD: Let it suffice you, O princes of Israel; remove violence and spoil, and execute justice and righteousness; take away your exactions from My people, saith the Lord GOD.", 45.10. "Ye shall have just balances, and a just ephah, and a just bath.", 45.13. "This is the offering that ye shall set apart: the sixth part of an ephah out of a homer of wheat, and ye shall give the sixth part of an ephah out of a homer of barley;", 45.14. "and the set portion of oil, the bath of oil, shall be the tithe of the bath out of the cor, which is ten baths, even a homer; for ten baths are a homer;", 45.15. "and one lamb of the flock, out of two hundred, from the well-watered pastures of Israel; for a meal-offering, and for a burnt-offering, and for peace-offerings, to make atonement for them, saith the Lord GOD.", 45.16. "All the people of the land shall give this offering for the prince in Israel.", 45.17. "And it shall be the prince’s part to give the burnt-offerings, and the meal-offerings, and the drink-offerings, in the feasts, and in the new moons, and in the sabbaths, in all the appointed seasons of the house of Israel; he shall prepare the sin-offering, and the meal-offering, and the burnt-offering, and the peace-offerings, to make atonement for the house of Israel.", 46.16. "Thus saith the Lord GOD: If the prince give a gift unto any of his sons, it is his inheritance, it shall belong to his sons; it is their possession by inheritance.", 46.17. "But if he give of his inheritance a gift to one of his servants, it shall be his to the year of liberty; then it shall return to the prince; but as for his inheritance, it shall be for his sons.", 46.18. "Moreover the prince shall not take of the people’s inheritance, to thrust them wrongfully out of their possession; he shall give inheritance to his sons out of his own possession; that My people be not scattered every man from his possession.’", 48.21. "And the residue shall be for the prince, on the one side and on the other of the holy offering and of the possession of the city, in front of the five and twenty thousand of the offering toward the east border, and westward in front of the five and twenty thousand toward the west border, answerable unto the portions, it shall be for the prince; and the holy offering and the sanctuary of the house shall be in the midst thereof.", 48.22. "Thus the possession of the Levites, and the possession of the city, shall be in the midst of that which is the prince’s; between the border of Judah and the border of Benjamin shall be the prince’s.",

10. Hebrew Bible, 1 Chronicles, 25.5 (5th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Avery-Peck, Chilton, and Scott Green (2014), A Legacy of Learning: Essays in Honor of Jacob Neusner , 59

25.5. "כָּל־אֵלֶּה בָנִים לְהֵימָן חֹזֵה הַמֶּלֶךְ בְּדִבְרֵי הָאֱלֹהִים לְהָרִים קָרֶן וַיִּתֵּן הָאֱלֹהִים לְהֵימָן בָּנִים אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר וּבָנוֹת שָׁלוֹשׁ׃",

25.5. "all these were the sons of Heman the king’s seer in the things pertaining to God, to lift up the horn. And God gave to Heman fourteen sons and three daughters.",

11. Hebrew Bible, Ezra, 1.7-1.11, 5.14, 6.5, 7.24 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 99

1.7. "וְהַמֶּלֶךְ כּוֹרֶשׁ הוֹצִיא אֶת־כְּלֵי בֵית־יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הוֹצִיא נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר מִירוּשָׁלִַם וַיִּתְּנֵם בְּבֵית אֱלֹהָיו׃", 1.8. "וַיּוֹצִיאֵם כּוֹרֶשׁ מֶלֶךְ פָּרַס עַל־יַד מִתְרְדָת הַגִּזְבָּר וַיִּסְפְּרֵם לְשֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר הַנָּשִׂיא לִיהוּדָה׃", 1.9. "וְאֵלֶּה מִסְפָּרָם אֲגַרְטְלֵי זָהָב שְׁלֹשִׁים אֲגַרְטְלֵי־כֶסֶף אָלֶף מַחֲלָפִים תִּשְׁעָה וְעֶשְׂרִים׃", 1.11. "כָּל־כֵּלִים לַזָּהָב וְלַכֶּסֶף חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים וְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת הַכֹּל הֶעֱלָה שֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר עִם הֵעָלוֹת הַגּוֹלָה מִבָּבֶל לִירוּשָׁלִָם׃", 5.14. "וְאַף מָאנַיָּא דִי־בֵית־אֱלָהָא דִּי דַהֲבָה וְכַסְפָּא דִּי נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר הַנְפֵּק מִן־הֵיכְלָא דִּי בִירוּשְׁלֶם וְהֵיבֵל הִמּוֹ לְהֵיכְלָא דִּי בָבֶל הַנְפֵּק הִמּוֹ כּוֹרֶשׁ מַלְכָּא מִן־הֵיכְלָא דִּי בָבֶל וִיהִיבוּ לְשֵׁשְׁבַּצַּר שְׁמֵהּ דִּי פֶחָה שָׂמֵהּ׃", 6.5. "וְאַף מָאנֵי בֵית־אֱלָהָא דִּי דַהֲבָה וְכַסְפָּא דִּי נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר הַנְפֵּק מִן־הֵיכְלָא דִי־בִירוּשְׁלֶם וְהֵיבֵל לְבָבֶל יַהֲתִיבוּן וִיהָךְ לְהֵיכְלָא דִי־בִירוּשְׁלֶם לְאַתְרֵהּ וְתַחֵת בְּבֵית אֱלָהָא׃", 7.24. "וּלְכֹם מְהוֹדְעִין דִּי כָל־כָּהֲנַיָּא וְלֵוָיֵא זַמָּרַיָּא תָרָעַיָּא נְתִינַיָּא וּפָלְחֵי בֵּית אֱלָהָא דְנָה מִנְדָּה בְלוֹ וַהֲלָךְ לָא שַׁלִּיט לְמִרְמֵא עֲלֵיהֹם׃",

1.7. "Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of the house of the LORD, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought forth out of Jerusalem, and had put them in the house of his gods;", 1.8. "even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah.", 1.9. "And this is the number of them: thirty basins of gold, a thousand basins of silver, nine and twenty knives;", 1.10. "thirty bowls of gold, silver bowls of a second sort four hundred and ten, and other vessels a thousand.", 1.11. "All the vessels of gold and of silver were five thousand and four hundred. All these did Sheshbazzar bring up, when they of the captivity were brought up from Babylon unto Jerusalem.", 5.14. "And the gold and silver vessels also of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem, and brought them into the temple of Babylon, those did Cyrus the king take out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivered unto one whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor;", 6.5. "and also let the gold and silver vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took forth out of the temple which is at Jerusalem, and brought unto Babylon, be restored, and brought back unto the temple which is at Jerusalem, every one to its place, and thou shalt put them in the house of God.’", 7.24. "Also we announce to you, that touching any of the priests and Levites, the singers, porters, Nethinim, or servants of this house of God, it shall not be lawful to impose tribute, impost, or toll, upon them.",

12. Dead Sea Scrolls, Copper Scroll, 11.4 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 209

13. Philo of Alexandria, On The Special Laws, 1.132 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 208

1.132. in the first place, that the necessary food for their support shall at all times be provided for them without any labour or toil of their own; for God commands those who are making bread, to take of all the fat and of all the dough, a loaf as first fruits for the use of the priests, making thus, by this legitimate instruction, a provision for those men who put aside these first fruits, proceeding in the way that leads to piety;

14. New Testament, Romans, 9.21, 11.16-11.24 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 207, 208, 209, 224

9.21. ἢ οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίανὁ κεραμεὺς τοῦ πηλοῦἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ φυράματος ποιῆσαι ὃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν σκεῦος, ὃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν; 11.16. εἰ δὲ ἡ ἀπαρχὴ ἁγία, καὶ τὸ φύραμα· καὶ εἰ ἡ ῥίζα ἁγία, καὶ οἱ κλάδοι. 11.17. Εἰ δέ τινες τῶν κλάδων ἐξεκλάσθησαν, σὺ δὲ ἀγριέλαιος ὢν ἐνεκεντρίσθης ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ συνκοινωνὸς τῆς ῥίζης τῆς πιότητος τῆς ἐλαίας ἐγένου, μὴ κατακαυχῶ τῶν κλάδων· 11.18. εἰ δὲ κατακαυχᾶσαι, οὐ σὺ τὴν ῥίζαν βαστάζεις ἀλλὰ ἡ ῥίζα σέ. 11.19. ἐρεῖς οὖν Ἐξεκλάσθησαν κλάδοι ἵνα ἐγὼ ἐνκεντρισθῶ. καλῶς· 11.20. τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ ἐξεκλάσθησαν, σὺ δὲ τῇ πίστει ἕστηκας. 11.21. μὴ ὑψηλὰ φρόνει, ἀλλὰ φοβοῦ· εἰ γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τῶν κατὰ φύσιν κλάδων οὐκ ἐφείσατο, οὐδὲ σοῦ φείσεται. ἴδε οὖν χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν θεοῦ· 11.22. ἐπὶ μὲν τοὺς πεσόντας ἀποτομία, ἐπὶ δὲ σὲ χρηστότης θεοῦ, ἐὰν ἐπιμένῃς τῇ χρηστότητι, ἐπεὶ καὶ σὺ ἐκκοπήσῃ. 11.23. κἀκεῖνοι δέ, ἐὰν μὴ ἐπιμένωσι τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ, ἐνκεντρισθήσονται· δυνατὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς πάλιν ἐνκεντρίσαι αὐτούς. 11.24. εἰ γὰρ σὺ ἐκ τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ἐξεκόπης ἀγριελαίου καὶ παρὰ φύσιν ἐνεκεντρίσθης εἰς καλλιέλαιον, πόσῳ μᾶλλον οὗτοι οἱ κατὰ φύσιν ἐνκεντρισθήσονται τῇ ἰδίᾳ ἐλαίᾳ.

9.21. Or hasn't the potter a right over the clay, from the same lump to make one part a vessel for honor, and another for dishonor? 11.16. If the first fruit is holy, so is the lump. If the root is holy, so are the branches. 11.17. But if some of the branches were broken off, and you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among them, and became partaker with them of the root and of the richness of the olive tree; 11.18. don't boast over the branches. But if you boast, it is not you who support the root, but the root supports you. 11.19. You will say then, "Branches were broken off, that I might be grafted in." 11.20. True; by their unbelief they were broken off, and you stand by your faith. Don't be conceited, but fear; 11.21. for if God didn't spare the natural branches, neither will he spare you. 11.22. See then the goodness and severity of God. Toward those who fell, severity; but toward you, goodness, if you continue in his goodness; otherwise you also will be cut off. 11.23. They also, if they don't continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again. 11.24. For if you were cut out of that which is by nature a wild olive tree, and were grafted contrary to nature into a good olive tree, how much more will these, which are the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree?

15. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 4.71 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 208

4.71. but that the owners of those first-born which are not appointed for sacrifices in the laws of our country, should bring a shekel and a half in their stead: but for the first-born of a man, five shekels: that they should also have the first-fruits out of the shearing of the sheep; and that when any baked breadcorn, and made loaves of it, they should give somewhat of what they had baked to them.

16. Mishnah, Nazir, 9.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Avery-Peck, Chilton, and Scott Green (2014), A Legacy of Learning: Essays in Honor of Jacob Neusner , 59

9.5. "נָזִיר הָיָה שְׁמוּאֵל, כְּדִבְרֵי רַבִּי נְהוֹרַאי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א א) וּמוֹרָה לֹא יַעֲלֶה עַל רֹאשׁוֹ, נֶאֱמַר בְּשִׁמְשׁוֹן (שופטים יג) וּמוֹרָה, וְנֶאֱמַר בִּשְׁמוּאֵל וּמוֹרָה, מַה מּוֹרָה הָאֲמוּרָה בְשִׁמְשׁוֹן, נָזִיר, אַף מוֹרָה הָאֲמוּרָה בִשְׁמוּאֵל, נָזִיר. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וַהֲלֹא אֵין מוֹרָה אֶלָּא שֶׁל בָּשָׂר וָדָם. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי נְהוֹרַאי, וַהֲלֹא כְבָר נֶאֱמַר (שמואל א טז) וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל אֵיךְ אֵלֵךְ וְשָׁמַע שָׁאוּל וַהֲרָגָנִי, שֶׁכְּבָר הָיָה עָלָיו מוֹרָה שֶׁל בָּשָׂר וָדָם: \n",

9.5. "Samuel was a nazirite, according to the words of Rabbi Nehorai, as it says, “And no razor [morah] shall come upon his head” (I Samuel 1:11). It says with reference to Samson, “And [no] razor [morah]” (Judges 13:5) and it says with reference to Samuel, “And [no] razor [morah]”, just as “razor [morah]” in the case of Samson [teaches that he was] a nazirite, so “razor [morah]” in the case of Samuel [teaches that he was] a nazirite. Rabbi Yose says: but does not “morah” refer to [fear] of flesh and blood? Rabbi Nehorai said to him: But does it not also say, “And Samuel said; ‘How can I go? If Saul will hear it he will kill me’” (I Samuel 16:2) [which shows] that he was afraid of flesh and blood?",

17. Mishnah, Terumot, 3.1-3.2, 5.1-5.9 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 209

3.1. "הַתּוֹרֵם קִשּׁוּת וְנִמְצֵאת מָרָה, אֲבַטִּיחַ וְנִמְצָא סָרוּחַ, תְּרוּמָה, וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. הַתּוֹרֵם חָבִית שֶׁל יַיִן וְנִמְצֵאת שֶׁל חֹמֶץ, אִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁהָיְתָה שֶׁל חֹמֶץ עַד שֶׁלֹּא תְרָמָהּ, אֵינָה תְרוּמָה. אִם מִשֶּׁתְּרָמָהּ הֶחֱמִיצָה, הֲרֵי זוֹ תְרוּמָה. אִם סָפֵק, תְּרוּמָה, וְיַחֲזֹר וְיִתְרֹם. הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חֹמֶשׁ. וְכֵן הַשְּׁנִיָּה: \n", 3.2. "נָפְלָה אַחַת מֵהֶן לְתוֹךְ הַחֻלִּין, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעְתָּן. נָפְלָה שְׁנִיָּה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, אֵינָהּ מְדַמַּעְתָּן. נָפְלוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, מְדַמְּעוֹת כַּקְּטַנָּה שֶׁבִּשְׁתֵּיהֶן: \n", 5.1. "סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה חֻלִּין, אוֹ לְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן, אוֹ לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, אוֹ לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ, בֵּין טְמֵאִין בֵּין טְהוֹרִים, יֵרָקֵבוּ. אִם טְהוֹרָה הָיְתָה אוֹתָהּ הַסְּאָה, יִמָּכְרוּ לַכֹּהֲנִים בִּדְמֵי תְרוּמָה, חוּץ מִדְּמֵי אוֹתָהּ סְאָה. וְאִם לְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן נָפְלָה, יִקְרָא שֵׁם לִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר. וְאִם לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אוֹ לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ נָפְלָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִפָּדוּ. וְאִם טְמֵאִים הָיוּ אוֹתָן הַחֻלִּין, יֵאָכְלוּ נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קְלָיוֹת, אוֹ יִלּוֹשׁוּ בְמֵי פֵרוֹת, אוֹ יִתְחַלְּקוּ לְעִסּוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה: \n", 5.2. "סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹךְ מֵאָה חֻלִּין טְהוֹרִין, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרוֹם וְתִשָּׂרֵף, שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, סְאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה הִיא סְאָה שֶׁעָלְתָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, תַּעֲלֶה וְתֵאָכֵל נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קְלָיוֹת, אוֹ תִלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, אוֹ תִתְחַלֵּק לְעִסּוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה: \n", 5.3. "סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה חֻלִּין טְמֵאִין, תַּעֲלֶה וְתֵאָכֵל נִקּוּדִים אוֹ קְלָיוֹת, אוֹ תִלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, אוֹ תִתְחַלֵּק לְעִסּוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בְמָקוֹם אֶחָד כַּבֵּיצָה: \n", 5.4. "סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה סְאָה תְרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹסְרִים, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מַתִּירִין. אָמְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְבֵית שַׁמַּאי, הוֹאִיל וּטְהוֹרָה אֲסוּרָה לְזָרִים וּטְמֵאָה אֲסוּרָה לְכֹהֲנִים, מַה טְּהוֹרָה עוֹלָה, אַף טְמֵאָה תַּעֲלֶה. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, לֹא, אִם הֶעֱלוּ הַחֻלִּין הַקַּלִּין הַמֻּתָּרִין לְזָרִים אֶת הַטְּהוֹרָה, תַּעֲלֶה תְרוּמָה הַחֲמוּרָה הָאֲסוּרָה לְזָרִים אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה. לְאַחַר שֶׁהוֹדוּ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תֵּרוֹם וְתִשָּׂרֵף. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אָבְדָה בְמִעוּטָהּ: \n", 5.5. "סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, הִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְדַמַּעַת כִּתְרוּמָה וַדָּאי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָה מְדַמַּעַת אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: \n", 5.6. "סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה וְנִדַּמְּעוּ, וְנָפַל מִן הַמְדֻמָּע לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְדַמַּעַת כִּתְרוּמָה וַדָּאי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין הַמְדֻמָּע מְדַמֵּעַ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן, וְאֵין הַמְחֻמָּץ מַחְמִיץ אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן, וְאֵין הַמַּיִם שְׁאוּבִים פּוֹסְלִים אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה אֶלָּא לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן: \n", 5.7. "סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, הִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, הִגְבִּיהָהּ וְנָפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת, עַד שֶׁתִּרְבֶּה תְרוּמָה עַל הַחֻלִּין: \n", 5.8. "סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לְהַגְבִּיהָהּ עַד שֶׁנָּפְלָה אַחֶרֶת, הֲרֵי זוֹ אֲסוּרָה. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר: \n", 5.9. "סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה, וּטְחָנָן וּפָחֲתוּ, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁפָּחֲתוּ הַחֻלִּין, כָּךְ פָּחֲתָה הַתְּרוּמָה, וּמֻתָּר. סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה, וּטְחָנָן וְהוֹתִירוּ, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוֹתִירוּ הַחֻלִּין, כָּךּ הוֹתִירָה הַתְּרוּמָה, וְאָסוּר. אִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁהַחִטִּים שֶׁל חֻלִּין יָפוֹת מִשֶּׁל תְּרוּמָה, מֻתָּר. סְאָה תְרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה, וְאַחַר כֵּן נָפְלוּ שָׁם חֻלִּין, אִם שׁוֹגֵג, מֻתָּר, וְאִם מֵזִיד, אָסוּר: \n",

3.1. "If one gave a cucumber as terumah and it was found to be bitter, a melon and it was found to be rotten, it is considered terumah, but he must again give terumah. If one gave a jar of wine as terumah and it was found to be vinegar: If prior to his act he knew that it was vinegar, the terumah is not valid; But if it had turned sour after he had given it as terumah, behold it is terumah. In case of doubt, it is terumah but he must again give terumah. The first terumah does not render on its own [produce into which it falls] “doubtful terumah” and it is not subject to the added fifth, and so the second.", 3.2. "If one of them falls into non-sacred produce, it does not make [the mixture] medumma [a mixture into which terumah has fallen]. If the second of them falls [then] into another place, it also does not make it medumma. But if both fall into one place, they do make it medumma, according to the size of the smaller of the two.", 5.1. "If a seah of unclean terumah fell into less than a hundred seahs of hullin, or first tithe, or second tithe, or dedicated property, whether these were unclean or clean, they must all be left to rot. If the seah [of terumah] was clean, [the mixture] must be sold to priests at the price of terumah, excluding the value of that seah itself. If it fell into first tithe, he should declare terumah of tithe. And if it fell into second tithe or dedicated property, they must be redeemed. If the hullin was unclean, it may be eaten in small quantities, or roasted, or kneaded with fruit juice, or divided into pieces of dough so that the size of one egg be not in any one place.", 5.2. "A seah of unclean terumah which fell into a hundred of clean hullin:Rabbi Eliezer says: [a seah] must be taken out and burnt, for I say that the seah taken out is the one that fell in. But the sages say: it may be taken out and eaten in small quantities, or roasted, or kneaded with fruit juice, or divided into pieces of dough so that the size of one egg be not in any one place.", 5.3. "A seah of clean terumah fell into a hundred of unclean hullin, it may be eaten in small quantities, or roasted, or kneaded with fruit juice, or divided into pieces of dough so that the size of one egg be not in any one place.", 5.4. "A seah of unclean terumah that falls into one hundred seahs of clean terumah: Bet Shammai prohibits, But Bet Hillel permits. Bet Hillel said to Bet Shammai: since clean [terumah] is forbidden to non-priests and unclean [terumah is forbidden] to priests, then just as clean [terumah] is brought up, so too unclean [terumah] can be brought up. Bet Shammai answered them: No! If hullin which is treated more leniently [in that it is permitted to non-priests] allows us to bring up clean [terumah that falls into it], does terumah [which is more stringent in that it is forbidden to non-priests] also allow us to bring up that which is unclean? After [Bet Shammai] had agreed [with Bet Hillel], Rabbi Eliezer said: it should be taken out and burned. But the sages say: it is gone, on account of its being a tiny [portion of the whole mixture].", 5.5. "A seah of terumah that fell into a hundred [of hullin], and he lifted it out and fell into [hullin] elsewhere:Rabbi Eliezer says: it renders medumma as though it were certainly terumah. But the sages say: it is rendered medumma only according to proportion.", 5.6. "A seah of terumah which fell into less than a hundred [of hullin], and rendered the whole medumma, and part of this mixture fell afterwards into another place: Rabbi Eliezer says: it renders again medumma as if certain terumah [had fallen in]. But the sages say: the [first] mixture renders medumma only according to the proportion. [Similarly], that which is leavened [with terumah] renders other dough leavened [as with terumah] only according to the proportion. And drawn water disqualifies a ritual bath also only according to the proportion.", 5.7. "If a seah of terumah fell into a hundred [of hullin] and he lifted [a seah] out, and then another fell in, and he lifted another out and another fell in, the pile is permissible as long as the amount of terumah does not exceed that of the hullin.", 5.8. "If a seah of terumah fell into a hundred [of hullin], and before he could take it out, another fell in, the whole becomes forbidden. Rabbi Shimon permits it.", 5.9. "If a seah of terumah fell into a hundred [of hullin], and they were ground together and reduced in bulk, just as the hullin was reduced so too the terumah was reduced, and it is permitted. If a seah of terumah fell into less than a hundred [of hullin] and they were ground together and increased in bulk, just as the hullin became more, so too the terumah became more, and it is forbidden. If it is known that the kernels of hullin were better than the terumah, it is permitted. If a seah of terumah fell into less than a hundred [of hullin], and more hullin fell in afterwards, if it was accidental it is permissible, but if intentional it is forbidden.",

18. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 5.6 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 209

5.6. Οὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν. οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ;

5.6. Your boasting is not good. Don't you know that a little yeastleavens the whole lump?

19. New Testament, Galatians, 5.9 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 209

5.9. μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ.

5.9. A little yeast grows through the wholelump.

20. Anon., Genesis Rabba, 58.2, 58.4, 58.9, 59.4, 60.16, 62.3 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Avery-Peck, Chilton, and Scott Green (2014), A Legacy of Learning: Essays in Honor of Jacob Neusner , 208

58.2. וְזָרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וּבָא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ (קהלת א, ה), אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא וְכִי אֵין אָנוּ יוֹדְעִין שֶׁזָּרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וּבָא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ, אֶלָא עַד שֶׁלֹא יַשְׁקִיעַ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שִׁמְּשׁוֹ שֶׁל צַדִּיק הוּא מַזְרִיחַ שִׁמְשׁוֹ שֶׁל צַדִּיק חֲבֵרוֹ, יוֹם שֶׁמֵּת רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא נוֹלַד רַבֵּנוּ, וְקָרְאוּ עָלָיו וְזָרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וּבָא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ. יוֹם שֶׁמֵּת רַבֵּנוּ נוֹלַד רַב אָדָא בַּר אַהֲבָה, וְקָרְאוּ עָלָיו וְזָרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וּבָא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ. יוֹם שֶׁמֵּת רַב אָדָא בַּר אַהֲבָה נוֹלַד רַבִּי אָבוּן, וְקָרְאוּ עָלָיו וְזָרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וּבָא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ. יוֹם שֶׁמֵת רַבִּי אָבוּן נוֹלַד רַבִּי אָבוּן בְּרֵיהּ, יוֹם שֶׁמֵּת רַבִּי אָבוּן נוֹלַד אַבָּא הוֹשַׁעְיָה אִישׁ טְרִיָּא, יוֹם שֶׁמֵּת אַבָּא הוֹשַׁעְיָה, נוֹלַד רַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה, וְקָרְאוּ עָלָיו וְזָרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וּבָא הַשָּׁמֶשׁ. עַד שֶׁלֹא הִשְׁקִיעַ שִׁמְשׁוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה הִזְרִיחַ שִׁמְשׁוֹ שֶׁל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כז, יח): וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל משֶׁה קַח לְךָ אֶת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן. עַד שֶׁלֹא שָׁקְעָה שִׁמְשׁוֹ שֶׁל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ זָרְחָה שִׁמְשׁוֹ שֶׁל עָתְנִיאֵל בֶּן קְנַז, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יהושע טו, יז): וַיִּלְכְּדָהּ עָתְנִיאֵל בֶּן קְנַז. עַד שֶׁלֹא שָׁקְעָה שִׁמְשׁוֹ שֶׁל עֵלִי זָרְחָה שִׁמְשׁוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמוּאֵל (שמואל א ג, ג): וְנֵר אֱלֹהִים טֶרֶם יִכְבֶּה וּשְׁמוּאֵל שֹׁכֵב בְּהֵיכַל ה', אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן כַּהֲדָא עֶגְלְתָא תְּמִימְתָא. עַד שֶׁלֹא הִשְׁקִיעַ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שִׁמְשָׁהּ שֶׁל שָׂרָה הִזְרִיחַ שִׁמְשָׁהּ שֶׁל רִבְקָה, בַּתְּחִלָּה (בראשית כב, כ): הִנֵּה יָלְדָה מִלְכָּה גַּם הִוא בָּנִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ וַיִּהְיוּ חַיֵּי שָׂרָה מֵאָה שָׁנָה. 58.4. וַתָּמָת שָׂרָה בְּקִרְיַת אַרְבַּע (בראשית כג, ב), אַרְבָּעָה שֵׁמוֹת נִקְרְאוּ לָהּ, אֶשְׁכּוֹל וּמַמְרֵא, קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע, חֶבְרוֹן. וְלָמָּה הוּא קוֹרֵא אוֹתָהּ קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע, שֶׁדָּרוּ בָהּ אַרְבָּעָה צַדִּיקִים, עָנֵר, אֶשְׁכּוֹל וּמַמְרֵא, אַבְרָהָם. וְנִמּוֹלוּ בָּהּ אַרְבָּעָה צַדִּיקִים, אַבְרָהָם, עָנֵר, אֶשְׁכּוֹל וּמַמְרֵא. דָּבָר אַחֵר, קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע, שֶׁנִּקְבְּרוּ בָהּ אַרְבָּעָה צַדִּיקִים אֲבוֹת הָעוֹלָם, אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, אַבְרָהָם, יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב. דָּבָר אַחֵר, שֶׁנִּקְבְּרוּ בָהּ אַרְבַּע אִמָּהוֹת, חַוָּה וְשָׂרָה וְרִבְקָה וְלֵאָה. וְעַל שֵׁם בְּעָלֶיהָ שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה, עֲנָק וּשְׁלשֶׁת בָּנָיו. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲזַרְיָה שֶׁמִּשָּׁם יָצָא אָבִינוּ אַבְרָהָם שֶׁרָדַף אַחֲרֵי אַרְבַּע מַלְכֻיּוֹת קוֹזְמוֹקְרָטוֹרִין שֶׁהוּא עוֹלֶה בִּקְרֶנָסִין שֶׁל אַרְבָּעָה, בַּתְּחִלָּה לִיהוּדָה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ לְכָלֵב, וְאַחַר כָּךְ לַלְוִיִּם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ לַכֹּהֲנִים. וְהוּא אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעָה מְקוֹמוֹת מְגֻנִּים שֶׁבְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, רַבִּי יִצְחָק וְרַבָּנָן, רַבִּי יִצְחָק אָמַר, דּוֹר וְנָפַת דּוֹר, תִּמְנַת סֶרַח וְחֶבְרוֹן. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי, דַּנָּה וְקִרְיַת סַנָּה וְתִמְנַת סֶרַח וְחֶבְרוֹן, 58.9. וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן קָבַר אַבְרָהָם (בראשית כג, יט), הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (משלי כא, כא): רֹדֵף צְדָקָה וָחֶסֶד יִמְצָא חַיִּים צְדָקָה וְכָבוֹד. רֹדֵף צְדָקָה, זֶה אַבְרָהָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יח, יט): וְשָׁמְרוּ דֶּרֶךְ ה' לַעֲשׂוֹת צְדָקָה. וָחֶסֶד, שֶׁגָּמַל חֶסֶד לְשָׂרָה. יִמְצָא חַיִּים, (בראשית כה, ז): וּשְׁנֵי חַיֵּי אַבְרָהָם מֵאַת שָׁנָה וְשִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שָׁנִים. צְדָקָה וְכָבוֹד, אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר יִצְחָק, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֲנִי אֻמָּנוּתִי גּוֹמֵל חֲסָדִים, תָּפַשְׂתָּ אֻמָּנוּתִי בּוֹא לְבשׁ לְבוּשִׁי (בראשית כד, א): וְאַבְרָהָם זָקֵן בָּא בַּיָּמִים. 59.4. רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק פָּתַח (משלי כא, כא): רֹדֵף צְדָקָה וָחֶסֶד וגו', כַּד דְּמָךְ רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק דַּהֲוָה מְרַקֵּד אַתְּלַת שִׁבְשִׁין, נְפַקִין רוּחִין וְעַלְעוֹלִין וַעֲקָרוּן כָּל אִילָנַיָּא טָבַיָּא דְאַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל, לָמָּה כֵן, דַּהֲוָה לָקֵיט מִנְהוֹן שִׁבְשִׁין וּמְהַלֵּךְ קֳדָם כַּלָּה, וַהֲווֹ רַבָּנָן אָמְרִין לָמָה עָבֵיד כְּדֵין, לָמָה הוּא מְבַזֶּה אֶת אוֹרָיְתָא, אָמַר רַבִּי זְעִירָא שִׁבְקוּתֵיהּ דְּהוּא יָדַע מָה הוּא עָבֵיד. כַּד דְּמָךְ נְפַקוּ לְמִגְמַל לֵיהּ חֶסֶד, וְנַחֲתָה שִׁבְשְׁבָה דְנוּר, וְאִתְעֲבִידַת כְּמוֹ שִׁבְשְׁבָה דַּהֲדַס, וְאַפְסִיקַת בֵּין עַרְסָא לְצִבּוּרָא, אֲמַרִין חֲמוֹן דְּהָדֵין סָבָא דְקָאֵי וְלָעֵי דְּקָמָה לֵיהּ שִׁבְשַׁתֵּיהּ. דָּבָר אַחֵר, רֹדֵף צְדָקָה, זֶה אַבְרָהָם, (בראשית יח, יט): וְשָׁמְרוּ דֶּרֶךְ ה', וָחֶסֶד וגו' כְּדִלְעֵיל. 60.16. וַיְבִאֶהָ יִצְחָק הָאֹהֱלָה שָׂרָה אִמּוֹ (בראשית כד, סז), כָּל יָמִים שֶׁהָיְתָה שָׂרָה קַיֶּמֶת הָיָה עָנָן קָשׁוּר עַל פֶּתַח אָהֳלָהּ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁמֵּתָה פָּסַק אוֹתוֹ עָנָן, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁבָּאת רִבְקָה חָזַר אוֹתוֹ עָנָן. כָּל יָמִים שֶׁהָיְתָה שָׂרָה קַיֶּמֶת הָיוּ דְּלָתוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת לִרְוָחָה, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁמֵּתָה שָׂרָה פָּסְקָה אוֹתָהּ הָרְוָחָה, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁבָּאת רִבְקָה חָזְרָה אוֹתָהּ הָרְוָחָה. וְכָל יָמִים שֶׁהָיְתָה שָׂרָה קַיֶּמֶת הָיָה בְּרָכָה מְשֻׁלַּחַת בָּעִסָּה, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁמֵּתָה שָׂרָה פָּסְקָה אוֹתָהּ הַבְּרָכָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּאת רִבְקָה חָזְרָה. כָּל יָמִים שֶׁהָיְתָה שָׂרָה קַיֶּמֶת הָיָה נֵר דּוֹלֵק מִלֵּילֵי שַׁבָּת וְעַד לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁמֵּתָה פָּסַק אוֹתוֹ הַנֵּר, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁבָּאת רִבְקָה חָזַר. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאָה אוֹתָהּ שֶׁהִיא עוֹשָׂה כְּמַעֲשֵׂה אִמּוֹ, קוֹצָה חַלָּתָהּ בְּטָהֳרָה וְקוֹצָה עִסָּתָהּ בְּטָהֳרָה, מִיָּד וַיְּבִאֶהָ יִצְחָק הָאֹהֱלָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן לִמְדָתְךָ תּוֹרָה שֶׁאִם יִהְיֶה לָאָדָם בָּנִים גְּדוֹלִים יִהְיֶה מַשִֹּׂיאָן מִתְּחִלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ הוּא נוֹשֵׂא לוֹ אִשָּׁה, מִמִּי אַתָּה לָמֵד מֵאַבְרָהָם, בַּתְּחִלָּה וַיְבִאֶהָ יִצְחָק הָאֹהֱלָה שָׂרָה אִמּוֹ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ (בראשית כה, א): וַיֹּסֶף אַבְרָהָם וַיִּקַּח אִשָּׁה. 62.3. וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת אַבְרָהָם וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹהִים אֶת יִצְחָק בְּנוֹ (בראשית כה, יא), אָמַר רַבִּי סִימוֹן בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי, חָזַר הָעוֹלָם לַאֲחוֹרָיו, וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת אַבְרָהָם, מִיָּד (בראשית כו, טו יח): וְכָל הַבְּאֵרֹת וְגו' וַיְסַתְּמוּם פְּלִשְׁתִּים אַחֲרֵי מוֹת אַבְרָהָם. (יהושע א, א): וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת משֶׁה עֶבֶד ה', מִיָּד פָּסַק הַבְּאֵר וְעַנְנֵי כָּבוֹד וְהַמָּן. (שופטים א, א): וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, מִיָּד נִתְגָּרוּ בָּהֶן יְתֵדוֹת הָאָרֶץ. (שמואל ב א, א): וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת שָׁאוּל (שמואל א לא, א): וּפְלִשְׁתִּים נִלְחָמִים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. מְתִיבִין חַבְרַיָּא לְרַבִּי סִימוֹן וְהָכְתִיב (דברי הימים ב כד, יז): וְאַחֲרֵי מוֹת יְהוֹיָדָע הַכֹּהֵן בָּאוּ שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ לַמֶּלֶךְ, אָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא לָא אֲתָא רַבִּי סִימוֹן לְמֵימַר אֶלָא וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי. אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן אִילוּלֵי שֶׁהֶעֱמִיד הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֲחֵרִים תַּחְתֵּיהֶם כְּבָר חָזַר הָעוֹלָם לַאֲחוֹרָיו, דִּכְתִיב: וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת אַבְרָהָם, וּכְתִיב (בראשית כו, יח): וַיָּשָׁב יִצְחָק וַיַּחְפֹּר. וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת משֶׁה עֶבֶד ה' וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן מְשָׁרֵת משֶׁה לֵאמֹר, וּכְתִיב: וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַיֹּאמֶר ה' יְהוּדָה יַעֲלֶה. כְּתִיב: וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת שָׁאוּל וְדָוִד שָׁב מֵהַכּוֹת אֶת הָעֲמָלֵקִי וַיֵּשֶׁב דָּוִד בְּצִקְלָג יָמִים וגו', וּכְתִיב לְמַעְלָה מִן הָעִנְיָן קֹדֶם מִיתַת שְׁמוּאֵל (שמואל א יז, יב): וְדָוִד בֶּן אִישׁ אֶפְרָתִי.

58.2. "...\"The sun rises and goes down\" (Ecclesiastics 1:5). Rabbi Aba bar Kahana said: Don't we know that the sun rises and goes down? Rather (this is what it means): When the Holy One of Blessing causes the sun of a righteous person to set, he causes the sun of his fellow to shine forth. The day that Rabbi Akiba died, our rabbi (Judah the Prince) was born and it was written about him \"The sun rises and the sun goes down.\" On the day that our rabbi died Rabbi Ada Bar Ahava was born and it was written about him \"The sun rises and the sun goes down.\" On the day that Rabbi Ada Bar Ahava died, Rabbi Avin was born and it was written about him \"The sun rises and the sun goes down.\" On the day that Rabbi Avin died, his son Rabbi Avin was born. The day that Rabbi Avin died, Aba Hoshaya from Traya was born. The day that Aba Hoshaya died Rabbi Hoshaya was born and it was written about him \"The sun rises and the sun goes down.\" Before the sun of Moses set the sun of Joshua shone forth as it is written, \"God said to Moses, take Joshua Son of Nun\" (Numbers 27:18). Before the sun of Joshua set the sun of Itaniel son of Kenaz shone forth as it is said, \"Itaniel son of Kenaz took it\" (Judges 1:13). Before the sun of Eli the priest set, the sun of Samuel shone forth, \"the lamp of God had not yet gone out and Samuel lay on the sanctuary of God\" (1 Sam 3:3). Rabbi Yocha said, \"like a perfect calf.\" Before the God causes the sun of Sarah to set, he causes the sun of Rebecca to shine forth. For first it says \"Behold Malkah also bore children\" (Gen 22:20) and after \"and the life Sarah was one hundred years...\"", 60.16. "\"And Isaac brought her into the tent of Sarah, his mother-\" All the days that Sarah was alive, a cloud was connected (lit. tied) to the entrance of her tent. When she died, the cloud stopped [resting at her tent.] And when Rebecca came, the cloud returned. All the days that Sarah was alive, the doors were open wide. When she died, the wideness stopped. And when Rebecca came, the wideness returned. And all the days that Sarah was alive, there was a blessing in her dough, and when Sarah died, that blessing ended. When Rebecca came, [the blessing] returned. All the days that Sarah was alive, there was a candle that would burn from Sabbath Eve to [the next] Sabbath Eve, and when she died, the candle stopped [burning for so long]. And when Rebecca came, [the week-long flame of the candle] returned. And as soon as [Isaac] saw her, that she did the deeds of his mother, separating her em challah /em in purity and separating her dough in purity, he brought her into the tent. Rabbi Yudan said, \"The Torah teaches you, that if a man has grown-up sons, he should marry them off first and then he should marry. Who do you learn [this teaching] from? From Abraham: first, \"And Isaac brought her into the tent of Sarah his mother,\" and afterwards, \"And Abraham took another wife, and her name was Keturah.\"",

21. Mishna, Challah, 1.9 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 208

1.9. "הַחַלָּה וְהַתְּרוּמָה, חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ מִיתָה וְחֹמֶשׁ, וַאֲסוּרִים לְזָרִים, וְהֵם נִכְסֵי כֹהֵן, וְעוֹלִין בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּטְעוּנִין רְחִיצַת יָדַיִם וְהַעֲרֵב שֶׁמֶשׁ, וְאֵין נִטָּלִין מִן הַטָּהוֹר עַל הַטָּמֵא, אֶלָּא מִן הַמֻּקָּף וּמִן הַדָּבָר הַגָּמוּר. הָאוֹמֵר, כָּל גָּרְנִי תְרוּמָה וְכָל עִסָּתִי חַלָּה, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם, עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁיֵּר מִקְצָת: \n",

1.9. "In the case of hallah and terumah:One is liable for death on account of [having eaten] them death [intentionally], or to [repay] an added fifth [if unwittingly]; They are forbidden to non-priests; They are the property of the priest; They are nullified [in a mixture of] one-hundred-and-one [parts, the rest being non-sacred dough or produce]; They require washing of one’s hands; And [waiting until] the setting of the sun [prior to eating them]; They may not be separated from pure [stuff] for impure; But rather from that which is close, And from that [in a] finished [state]. If one said: “All my threshing-floor is terumah, or all my dough is hallah,” he has not said anything, unless he has left some over.",

22. Babylonian Talmud, Niddah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 209

46b. לפי שמצינו שהשוה הכתוב הקטן כגדול לזדון שבועה ולאיסר ולבל יחל יכול יהא חייב על הקדשו קרבן,ת"ל (במדבר ל, ב) זה הדבר,קתני מיהת לאיסר ולבל יחל חייב אימא לאיסור בל יחל,איסור בל יחל מה נפשך אי מופלא סמוך לאיש דאורייתא מילקא נמי לילקי ואי מופלא סמוך לאיש לאו דאורייתא איסור נמי ליכא לאותן המוזהרים עליו,שמע מינה קטן אוכל נבלות ב"ד מצווין עליו להפרישו הכא במאי עסקינן כגון שהקדיש הוא ואכלו אחרים,הניחא למ"ד הקדיש הוא ואכלו אחרים לוקין אלא למ"ד אין לוקין מאי איכא למימר דאיתמר הקדיש הוא ואכלו אחרים רב כהנא אמר אין לוקין רבי יוחנן ור"ל דאמרי תרוויהו לוקין,מדרבנן וקרא אסמכתא בעלמא,גופא הקדיש ואכלו אחרים רב כהנא אמר אין לוקין רבי יוחנן ור"ל דאמרי תרוייהו לוקין במאי קמיפלגי מר סבר מופלא סמוך לאיש דאורייתא ומר סבר מופלא סמוך לאיש מדרבנן,מתיב רב ירמיה יתומה שנדרה בעלה מפר לה אי אמרת בשלמא מופלא סמוך לאיש דרבנן אתו נשואין דרבנן ומבטלי נדרא דרבנן אלא אי אמרת דאורייתא אתו נשואין דרבנן ומבטלי נדרא דאורייתא,אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל בעלה מפר לה ממה נפשך אי דרבנן דרבנן הוא אי דאורייתא קטן אוכל נבלות הוא ואין ב"ד מצווין עליו להפרישו,והא כי גדלה אכלה בהפרה קמייתא,אמר רבה בר ליואי בעלה מפר לה כל שעה ושעה והוא שבעל,והא אין בעל מפר בקודמין כדרב פינחס משמיה דרבא דאמר רב פנחס משמיה דרבא כל הנודרת על דעת בעלה היא נודרת,אמר אביי ת"ש קטן שלא הביא ב' שערות רבי יהודה אומר אין תרומתו תרומה רבי יוסי אומר עד שלא בא לעונת נדרים אין תרומתו תרומה משבא לעונת נדרים תרומתו תרומה,סברוה קסבר ר' יוסי תרומה בזמן הזה דאורייתא אי אמרת בשלמא מופלא סמוך לאיש דאורייתא אתי גברא דאורייתא ומתקן טבלא דאורייתא אלא אי אמרת דרבנן אתי גברא דרבנן ומתקן טבלא דאורייתא לא קסבר רבי יוסי תרומה בזמן הזה דרבנן,וסבר ר' יוסי תרומה בזמן הזה דרבנן והתניא בסדר עולם (דברים ל, ה) אשר ירשו אבותיך וירשתה,ירושה ראשונה ושניה יש להן שלישית אין להן,וא"ר יוחנן מאן תנא סדר עולם ר' יוסי,ר' יוסי תני לה ולא סבר לה ה"נ מסתברא דתניא עיסה שנדמעה או שנתחמצה בשאור של תרומה

46b. b Since we find that the verse equates a minor, /b i.e., one on the brink of adulthood, b to an adult with regard to an intentional /b violation of b an oath and with regard to /b a vow of b prohibition, /b where one renders an item prohibited to himself through a vow, b and with regard to /b the prohibition of b he shall not profane /b his word, one b might /b have thought that this minor, like an adult, b should /b also b be liable /b to bring b an offering for /b misuse of b his consecrated /b property, e.g., if he ate an item that he consecrated.,Therefore, b the verse states /b with regard to vows: b “This is the matter /b which the Lord has commanded. When a man vows a vow to the Lord, or takes an oath” (Numbers 30:2–3). The emphasis of “this” indicates that it is only with regard to this matter, i.e., prohibitions resulting from vows, that a discriminating minor on the brink of adulthood is considered an adult, but he is not rendered liable to bring an offering for his misuse.,The Gemara analyzes the i baraita /i . b In any event, /b the i baraita /i b teaches /b that a discriminating minor on the brink of adulthood is considered an adult b with regard to /b a vow of b prohibition and with regard to /b the prohibition of b he shall not profane /b his word, which indicates that he is b liable /b for violating this prohibition. This supports the opinion of Rav Huna that a minor is flogged for eating food he consecrated. The Gemara refutes this proof: There is room to b say /b that the word: And, in the phrase: With regard to a vow of prohibition and with regard to the prohibition of he shall not profane his word, should be omitted, and the i baraita /i is comparing a minor to an adult b with regard to the prohibition /b of b he shall not profane /b his word, but it does not indicate that he is liable to receive lashes for violating this prohibition.,The Gemara asks: Can the i baraita /i actually mean that a minor is compared to an adult with regard to b the prohibition /b of b he shall not profane /b his word, but he is not flogged? b Whichever way you /b look at it, this is problematic: b If a discriminating /b minor b on the brink of adulthood /b is considered an adult b by Torah law, he should be flogged too, /b for his violation. b And if a discriminating /b minor b on the brink of adulthood /b is b not /b considered an adult b by Torah law, there is no prohibition /b violated here b either. /b The Gemara answers that according to the i baraita /i the prohibition does not apply to the minor himself, but b to those who are warned to /b keep b him /b away from the prohibited item.,The Gemara raises a difficulty: If so, one can b conclude from /b the i baraita /i that if b a minor eats /b meat from unslaughtered b animal carcasses /b or violates other prohibitions, b the court is commanded to prevent him /b from doing so. This is problematic, as elsewhere it is stated that this matter is subject to dispute (see i Yevamot /i 114a). The Gemara explains: b Here we are dealing with /b a case b where /b the minor b consecrated /b the food item b and others ate /b it. They are liable to receive lashes for their consumption, but if he ate it he is not liable.,The Gemara raises another difficulty: b This works out well according to the one who said /b that if a minor b consecrated /b a food item b and others ate /b it, b they are flogged. But according to the one who said /b that in such a case b they are not flogged, what can be said? As it was stated /b that i amora’im /i disagreed with regard to this issue: If a minor b consecrated /b a food item b and others ate /b it, b Rav Kahana says /b that b they are not flogged; Rabbi Yoḥa and Reish Lakish both say /b that b they are flogged. /b ,The Gemara therefore reverts to the interpretation that the i baraita /i is referring to the prohibition of he shall not profane his word, not the punishment for violation of the vow. And the reason lashes are not administered is that the prohibition is b by rabbinic law. And /b as for the b verse /b mentioned in the i baraita /i , when it states that the verse equates a minor to an adult, which indicates that it is dealing with Torah law, this verse is b a mere support /b for a rabbinic law.,§ The Gemara discusses b the /b matter b itself, /b i.e., the dispute cited above. If a minor b consecrated /b a food item b and others ate /b it, b Rav Kahana says /b that b they are not flogged; Rabbi Yoḥa and Reish Lakish both say /b that b they are flogged. With regard to what /b principle b do /b these Sages b disagree? /b One b Sage, /b i.e., Rabbi Yoḥa and Reish Lakish, b holds /b that b a discriminating /b minor b on the brink of adulthood /b is considered an adult b by Torah law, /b which is why others are liable for eating an item he consecrated; b and /b one b Sage, /b Rav Kahana, b holds /b that b a discriminating /b minor b on the brink of adulthood /b is considered an adult b by rabbinic law. /b , b Rav Yirmeya raises an objection /b from a i baraita /i : In the case of a minor girl who is b an orphan /b from her father and her mother or brothers accepted betrothal on her behalf, b who vowed, her husband may nullify her /b vow, like any other husband, despite the fact that this marriage is valid merely by rabbinic law. Rav Yirmeya analyzes this i baraita /i : b Granted, if you say /b that b a discriminating /b minor b on the brink of adulthood /b is considered an adult b by rabbinic law, /b one can explain that a husband whose b marriage /b is b by rabbinic law comes and negates a vow /b that also applies b by rabbinic law. But if you say /b that a discriminating minor on the brink of adulthood is considered an adult b by Torah law, /b can a husband whose b marriage /b is b by rabbinic law come and negate a vow /b that applies b by Torah law? /b , b Rav Yehuda says /b that b Shmuel says: Her husband may nullify her /b vows, b whichever /b way b you /b look at it: b If /b the validity of the vows of such a minor applies b by rabbinic law, /b the husband may nullify her vows, as the validity of their marriage b is /b likewise b by rabbinic law. /b And b if /b the validity of a vow by a discriminating minor on the brink of adulthood is b by Torah law, /b which means she would be violating a Torah prohibition, this b is /b the same as the case of b a minor /b who b may eat /b meat from unslaughtered b animal carcasses /b or violate other prohibitions, b and the court /b or any other adult, including her husband in this case, b is not commanded to prevent him /b from doing so,and it does not matter if his nullification was not effective.,The Gemara raises a difficulty: b But /b there is still concern for a violation, as b when she grows /b and becomes an adult b she will eat /b the food that she rendered forbidden to herself, relying b on the initial nullification /b of her vow by her husband, which was not valid. At that stage she is an adult, whom the court is certainly commanded to prevent from violating prohibitions., b Rabba bar Livai said /b that this is not a concern, as b her husband nullifies her /b vows b each and every moment, /b and therefore when she reaches majority he will nullify her vow in a manner that is valid by Torah law. b And /b this b is /b the i halakha /i , that the nullification takes effect by Torah law, only in a case b where /b her husband b engaged in intercourse /b with her after she became an adult, thereby rendering their marriage valid by Torah law.,The Gemara raises another difficulty: b But /b there is a principle that b a husband cannot nullify /b vows of his wife that b preceded /b their marriage; and as she is considered his wife by Torah law only when she becomes an adult, her vow when she was a minor preceded their marriage. The Gemara answers that he can still nullify her vow, b in accordance with /b the statement b of Rav Pineḥas in the name of Rava, as Rav Pineḥas said in the name of Rava: Any /b woman b who takes a vow, /b it is from the outset contingent b on her husband’s consent /b that b she takes the vow. /b Since the minor was married by rabbinic law, she vowed on the condition that her husband should agree to her vow, and therefore the nullification is valid by Torah law.,§ The Gemara continues to discuss the validity of the vows of a discriminating minor on the brink of adulthood. b Abaye said: Come /b and b hear /b a mishna ( i Terumot /i 1:3): With regard to b a minor who has not grown two hairs, Rabbi Yehuda says: His i teruma /i is not /b valid b i teruma /i . Rabbi Yosei says: Until he has reached the age of vows, /b i.e., when he does not yet have the status of a discriminating minor on the brink of adulthood, b his i teruma /i is not /b valid b i teruma /i , /b but b once he has reached the age of vows, his i teruma /i is i teruma /i . /b ,The Sages b assumed /b that b Rabbi Yosei holds /b that b i teruma /i in the present /b applies b by Torah law. /b They therefore objected: b Granted, if you say /b that b a discriminating /b minor b on the brink of adulthood /b is an adult b by Torah law, /b one can understand that one who is b a man by Torah law /b with regard to vows b can come and prepare untithed produce [ i tivla /i ] /b for consumption by tithing it, which also applies b by Torah law. But if you say /b that a discriminating minor on the brink of adulthood is an adult b by rabbinic law, /b can one who is b a man by rabbinic law come and prepare untithed produce, /b which is prohibited b by Torah law? /b The Gemara refutes this proof: b No, /b perhaps b Rabbi Yosei holds /b that b i teruma /i in the present /b applies b by rabbinic law, /b and this is why he rules that a minor on the brink of adulthood can set aside i teruma /i .,The Gemara asks: b And does Rabbi Yosei hold /b that b i teruma /i in the present /b applies b by rabbinic law? But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i b in /b the anthology called b i Seder Olam /i : /b The verse that states with regard to the Jewish people’s return to Eretz Yisrael following their exile: “And the Lord your God will bring you into the land b that your fathers possessed, and you shall possess it” /b (Deuteronomy 30:5).,These two expressions of possession indicate that the Jewish people had b a first possession /b of Eretz Yisrael in the days of Joshua, when Eretz Yisrael was first sanctified with regard to the obligation of its mitzvot, b and they had a second /b possession at the time of Ezra and the return of the Babylonian exile. In other words, the sanctity of the land lapsed when the First Temple was destroyed and the Jews were exiled to Babylonia, and therefore a second sanctification was necessary when they returned to their land. But b they /b will b not have a third /b possession. That is, it will never be necessary to sanctify the land a third time, as the second sanctification was permanent., b And Rabbi Yoḥa said: Who /b is the i tanna /i that b taught i Seder Olam /i ? Rabbi Yosei. /b Since Rabbi Yosei maintains that the second sanctification of Eretz Yisrael did not lapse even after the destruction of the Second Temple, he must also maintain that i teruma /i in the present applies by Torah law.,The Gemara answers that b Rabbi Yosei taught /b i Seder Olam /i b but he does not maintain /b in accordance with b its /b ruling here. The Gemara adds: b So too, it is reasonable /b that this is so, b as it is taught /b in a i baraita /i : With regard to non-sacred b dough that became mixed /b with i teruma /i dough, b or which was leavened with leaven of i teruma /i , /b

23. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Qdamascus, 3.19 Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 208

24. Mishnah, MeʿIlah, 3.6 Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 224

25. Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Qhalakhah, 5.4, 9.3 Tagged with subjects: •dough offering Found in books: Gordon (2020), Land and Temple: Field Sacralization and the Agrarian Priesthood of Second Temple Judaism, 208, 209

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database