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subject book bibliographic info
diocletian Baumann and Liotsakis (2022), Reading History in the Roman Empire, 230, 232, 234, 235
Beduhn (2013), Augustine's Manichaean Dilemma, vol. 1, 27, 312, 314
Breytenbach and Tzavella (2022), Early Christianity in Athens, Attica, and Adjacent Areas, 1, 78, 117, 259
Cain (2016), The Greek Historia Monachorum in Aegypto: Monastic Hagiography in the Late Fourth Century, 217
Czajkowski et al. (2020), Vitruvian Man: Rome under Construction, 55, 60, 73, 101, 247, 280, 383, 451, 469, 470, 480
Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 232, 235
Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 247
Gygax and Zuiderhoek (2021), Benefactors and the Polis: The Public Gift in the Greek Cities from the Homeric World to Late Antiquity, 310
Herman, Rubenstein (2018), The Aggada of the Bavli and Its Cultural World. 110, 113
Janowitz (2002b), Icons of Power: Ritual Practices in Late Antiquity, 111
Kahlos (2019), Religious Dissent in Late Antiquity, 350-450, 25, 154
Katzoff(2005), Law in the Documents of the Judaean Desert, 128
Kitzler (2015), From 'Passio Perpetuae' to 'Acta Perpetuae', 106
Kraemer (2020), The Mediterranean Diaspora in Late Antiquity: What Christianity Cost the Jews, 203
Lampe (2003), Christians at Rome in the First Two Centuries: From Paul to Valentinus, 195
Luck (2006), Arcana mundi: magic and the occult in the Greek and Roman worlds: a collection of ancient texts, 470
Lynskey (2021), Tyconius’ Book of Rules: An Ancient Invitation to Ecclesial Hermeneutics, 33, 40
MacDougall (2022), Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition. 35
Maier and Waldner (2022), Desiring Martyrs: Locating Martyrs in Space and Time, 8, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 103
Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 658, 659, 672
Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 2, 364, 378, 393, 414, 536, 541, 548, 549
Mitchell and Pilhofer (2019), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 23, 24, 25, 49, 54, 61, 62, 67, 69, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80, 92, 96, 237, 238, 241
Moss (2012), Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions, 50, 126
Neusner Green and Avery-Peck (2022), Judaism from Moses to Muhammad: An Interpretation: Turning Points and Focal Points, 152, 154, 155
Niccolai (2023), Christianity, Philosophy, and Roman Power: Constantine, Julian, and the Bishops on Exegesis and Empire. 10, 45, 122, 127, 201, 277
Price, Finkelberg and Shahar (2021), Rome: An Empire of Many Nations: New Perspectives on Ethnic Diversity and Cultural Identity, 24, 243, 254, 255, 256, 257
Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 207, 208
Ruiz and Puertas (2021), Emperors and Emperorship in Late Antiquity: Images and Narratives, 34, 229
Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 120
Tacoma (2020), Cicero and Roman Education: The Reception of the Speeches and Ancient Scholarship, 132, 178, 181, 182, 186
Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020), Athens II: Athens in Late Antiquity, 126, 128, 237
Taylor (2012), The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea, 146
Van Nuffelen (2012), Orosius and the Rhetoric of History, 78, 159
de Ste. Croix et al. (2006), Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy, 37, 42, 65, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 139, 140, 160, 166
diocletian, and esquiline asklepieion, rome asklepieia Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 207, 208
diocletian, and frontier defenses Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 35
diocletian, and imperial tax system Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 35
diocletian, and rebellions in the empire Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 32
diocletian, and religious paganism Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 25
diocletian, and the galerian hypothesis Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 41
diocletian, and the great persecution Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 24
diocletian, and the title jovias Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 33, 68
diocletian, antioch, consulted at didyma by Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 41
diocletian, antioch, residents fear Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 43
diocletian, arnobius, associates jupiter with Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 69, 70
diocletian, baths of Edmonds (2019), Drawing Down the Moon: Magic in the Ancient Greco-Roman World, 61, 63
diocletian, diocletianus, , c. aurelius valerius Hug (2023), Fertility, Ideology, and the Cultural Politics of Reproduction at Rome, 120, 121, 176, 232
diocletian, edict of Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 175
Radicke (2022), Roman Women’s Dress: Literary Sources, Terminology, and Historical Development, 221, 391, 447, 540, 554
diocletian, edict of and iseum campense Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 327
diocletian, edict of camp of Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 198
diocletian, edict of temple of hecate built by Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 299
diocletian, edict on maximum prices Huttner (2013), Early Christianity in the Lycus Valley, 22, 167, 317
diocletian, emperor Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 35, 191, 288, 294, 334, 364, 370
Hahn Emmel and Gotter (2008), Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography, 209, 210, 220
Humfress (2007), Oppian's Halieutica: Charting a Didactic Epic, 44, 137, 245
Huttner (2013), Early Christianity in the Lycus Valley, 167, 274, 275, 276, 277, 288, 317, 335, 340, 343, 345, 346, 347, 350
Klein and Wienand (2022), City of Caesar, City of God: Constantinople and Jerusalem in Late Antiquity, 15, 88
Pausch and Pieper (2023), The Scholia on Cicero’s Speeches: Contexts and Perspectives, 71, 78, 82, 159
Rüpke (2011), The Roman Calendar from Numa to Constantine Time, History and the Fasti 156
diocletian, humiliates galerius Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 43
diocletian, imperial conference of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 41, 70
diocletian, imperial theology of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 33, 68
diocletian, jupiter, associated with Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 12
diocletian, leaves nicomedia Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 44
diocletian, martyrs under Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 202
diocletian, motives for persecuting christians Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45
diocletian, oracles, consulted by Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 12, 41, 70
diocletian, oriental influence upon Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 32
diocletian, perfectionist mentality of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 35
diocletian, persecution Bremmer (2017), Magic and Martyrs in Early Christianity: Collected Essays, 310
Maier and Waldner (2022), Desiring Martyrs: Locating Martyrs in Space and Time, 8, 88, 89
diocletian, personal belief in oracles Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 36
diocletian, personality of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 35
diocletian, porphyry, influences Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 8, 77
diocletian, prices, in prestigious ephesian architecture Kalinowski (2021), Memory, Family, and Community in Roman Ephesos, 152
diocletian, prices, in “serapeion, ” Kalinowski (2021), Memory, Family, and Community in Roman Ephesos, 152
diocletian, prices, quarries Kalinowski (2021), Memory, Family, and Community in Roman Ephesos, 151, 152
diocletian, proclaimed germanicus maximus Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 54
diocletian, reduction of the provinces Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 36
diocletian, religious conservatism of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 37
diocletian, reorganizes imperial bureaucracy Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 35
diocletian, retires at split Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 45
diocletian, roman emperor Bianchetti et al. (2015), Brill’s Companion to Ancient Geography: The Inhabited World in Greek and Roman Tradition, 361
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305 Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 256, 261, 262, 324
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, 1st edict Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 7, 43, 64, 81
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, 2nd edict Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 82
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, 3rd edict Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 44
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, 4th edict Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 44, 84, 85, 86, 87
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, administrative skills Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 35
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, armys support Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 32
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, associated with jupiter Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 12
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, background of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 32
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, building programme of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 35
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, chief instigator of persecution Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 41
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, consults apollo at didyma Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 12, 41, 70
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, creates the tetrarchy Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 32
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, cruelty during the persecution Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 44
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, eastern military limes of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 35
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, edict against incest Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 37, 71, 81, 91
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, edict against the manichees Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 37, 81
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, edict on maximum prices Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 81, 107, 117
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, edicts against adultery Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 70
diocletian, roman emperor, 284-305, edicts against the christians Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 37, 90
diocletian, roman emperors Immendörfer (2017), Ephesians and Artemis : The Cult of the Great Goddess of Ephesus As the Epistle's Context 95
diocletian, rome, baths of Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 35
diocletian, sickness and death Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 45
diocletian, superstitious nature of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 36
diocletian, temple construction under Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 121
diocletian, theology, of Malherbe et al. (2014), Light from the Gentiles: Hellenistic Philosophy and Early Christianity: Collected Essays of Abraham J, 659
diocletian, to retire, leaves africa for nicomedia, says galerius forced Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 45
diocletian, vicennalia of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 44, 82
diocletian, witnesses christians burning Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 67
diocletianic, age, vaga, béja, and the Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 188
diocletianic, era Huttner (2013), Early Christianity in the Lycus Valley, 350
diocletianic, persecution Keith (2020), The Gospel as Manuscript: An Early History of the Jesus Tradition as Material Artifact, 235
diocletians, age, saturn, in Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 188
diocletians, bodyguard, christianity, and Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 39
diocletians, court, leaves africa for nicomedia, teaches at Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 34
diocletians, eastern caesar and later emperor galerius, caesar Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 305
diocletians, eastern caesar and later emperor galerius, caesar, and palace fire at nicomedia Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 44
diocletians, eastern caesar and later emperor galerius, caesar, edict of toleration of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 49
diocletians, eastern caesar and later emperor galerius, caesar, persian victory of Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 43
diocletians, eastern caesar and later emperor galerius, caesar, so-called instigator of the persecution Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 6, 42
diocletians, edict against, christianity Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 37
diocletians, farewell speech at nicomedia Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 45
diocletians, fourth edict, crispina, and Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 85, 87, 126
diocletians, imperial conference about, persecutions, of christians Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 25
diocletians, oracles, arnobius, alludes to Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 8, 67
diocletians, palace in split Bricault et al. (2007), Orphism and Christianity in Late Antiquity, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328
diocletians, retirement, galerius, diocletians, eastern caesar and later emperor, caesar, and Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 45
diocletians, retirement, lactantius, on Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 45
diocletian’s, edict of maximum prices Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 191, 288, 294, 370, 378, 379
diocletian’s, price edict McGinn (2004), The Economy of Prostitution in the Roman world: A study of Social History & The Brothel. 59
diocletian’s, price edict, and cost of land transport Parkins and Smith (1998), Trade, Traders and the Ancient City, 133

List of validated texts:
11 validated results for "diocletian"
1. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Diocletian

 Found in books: Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 247; Price, Finkelberg and Shahar (2021), Rome: An Empire of Many Nations: New Perspectives on Ethnic Diversity and Cultural Identity, 254
2. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Diocletian

 Found in books: Herman, Rubenstein (2018), The Aggada of the Bavli and Its Cultural World. 110; Neusner Green and Avery-Peck (2022), Judaism from Moses to Muhammad: An Interpretation: Turning Points and Focal Points, 154
3. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Diocletian

 Found in books: Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 536; de Ste. Croix et al. (2006), Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy, 42
4. Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, 8.2, 8.2.4-8.2.5, 8.6, 8.6.8-8.6.10, 8.9.7, 8.11.1, 9.10.8 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Arnobius, alludes to Diocletians oracles • Crispina, and Diocletians fourth edict • Diocletian • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), 1st edict • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), 3rd edict • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), 4th edict • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), administrative skills • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), building programme of • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), cruelty during the persecution • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), eastern military limes of • Diocletian, and frontier defenses • Diocletian, and imperial tax system • Diocletian, and the title Jovias • Diocletian, humiliates Galerius • Diocletian, imperial theology of • Diocletian, leaves Nicomedia • Diocletian, motives for persecuting Christians • Diocletian, perfectionist mentality of • Diocletian, personality of • Diocletian, reorganizes imperial bureaucracy • Diocletian, vicennalia of • Diocletian, witnesses Christians burning • Galerius, Diocletians Eastern Caesar and later Emperor (Caesar, Persian Victory of • Galerius, Diocletians Eastern Caesar and later Emperor (Caesar, and palace fire at Nicomedia • Persecution, Diocletian • antioch, residents fear Diocletian • leaves Africa for Nicomedia, teaches at Diocletians court

 Found in books: Esler (2000), The Early Christian World, 248, 832; Lynskey (2021), Tyconius’ Book of Rules: An Ancient Invitation to Ecclesial Hermeneutics, 33; Maier and Waldner (2022), Desiring Martyrs: Locating Martyrs in Space and Time, 88, 103; Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 541; Mitchell and Pilhofer (2019), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 25, 67; Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 33, 34, 35, 43, 44, 67, 87; de Ste. Croix et al. (2006), Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy, 37, 140

sup>

8.2.4 It was in the nineteenth year of the reign of Diocletian, in the month Dystrus, called March by the Romans, when the feast of the Saviour's passion was near at hand, that royal edicts were published everywhere, commanding that the churches be leveled to the ground and the Scriptures be destroyed by fire, and ordering that those who held places of honor be degraded, and that the household servants, if they persisted in the profession of Christianity, be deprived of freedom." 8.2.5 Such was the first edict against us. But not long after, other decrees were issued, commanding that all the rulers of the churches in every place be first thrown into prison, and afterwards by every artifice be compelled to sacrifice.

8.6.8 Such things occurred in Nicomedia at the beginning of the persecution. But not long after, as persons in the country called Melitene, and others throughout Syria, attempted to usurp the government, a royal edict directed that the rulers of the churches everywhere should be thrown into prison and bonds.
8.6.9 What was to be seen after this exceeds all description. A vast multitude were imprisoned in every place; and the prisons everywhere, which had long before been prepared for murderers and robbers of graves, were filled with bishops, presbyters and deacons, readers and exorcists, so that room was no longer left in them for those condemned for crimes.
8.6.10 And as other decrees followed the first, directing that those in prison if they would sacrifice should be permitted to depart in freedom, but that those who refused should be harassed with many tortures, how could any one, again, number the multitude of martyrs in every province, and especially of those in Africa, and Mauritania, and Thebais, and Egypt? From this last country many went into other cities and provinces, and became illustrious through martyrdom.
8.9.7 Such an one was Philoromus, who held a high office under the imperial government at Alexandria, and who administered justice every day, attended by a military guard corresponding to his rank and Roman dignity. Such also was Phileas, bishop of the church of Thmuis, a man eminent on account of his patriotism and the services rendered by him to his country, and also on account of his philosophical learning.
8.11.1 A small town of Phrygia, inhabited solely by Christians, was completely surrounded by soldiers while the men were in it. Throwing fire into it, they consumed them with the women and children while they were calling upon Christ. This they did because all the inhabitants of the city, and the curator himself, and the governor, with all who held office, and the entire populace, confessed themselves Christians, and would not in the least obey those who commanded them to worship idols.
9.10.8 When, therefore, before this, it became clear to our mind that under pretext of the command of our parents, the most divine Diocletian and Maximianus, which enjoined that the meetings of the Christians should be abolished, many extortions and spoliations had been practiced by officials; and that those evils were continually increasing, to the detriment of our provincials toward whom we are especially anxious to exercise proper care, and that their possessions were in consequence perishing, letters were sent last year to the governors of each province, in which we decreed that, if any one wished to follow such a practice or to observe this same religion, he should be permitted without hindrance to pursue his purpose and should be impeded and prevented by no one, and that all should have liberty to do without any fear or suspicion that which each preferred.' " None
5. Lactantius, Divine Institutes, 5.2 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Porphyry of Tyre, influenced Diocletian to launch Great Persecution • Porphyry, influences Diocletian

 Found in books: Esler (2000), The Early Christian World, 850; Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 77

sup>
5.2 Therefore, because there have been wanting among us suitable and skilful teachers, who might vigorously and sharply refute public errors, and who might defend the whole cause of truth with elegance and copiousness, this very want incited some to venture to write against the truth, which was unknown to them. I pass by those who in former times in vain assailed it. When I was teaching rhetorical learning in Bithynia, having been called there, and it had happened that at the same time the temple of God was overthrown, there were living at the same place two men who insulted the truth as it lay prostrate and overthrown, I know not whether with greater arrogance or harshness: the one of whom professed himself the high priest of philosophy; but he was so addicted to vice, that, though a teacher of abstinence, he was not less inflamed with avarice than with lusts; so extravagant in his manner of living, that though in his school he was the maintainer of virtue, the praiser of parsimony and poverty, he dined less sumptuously in a palace than at his own house. Nevertheless he sheltered his vices by his hair and his cloak, and (that which is the greatest screen ) by his riches; and that he might increase these, he used to penetrate with wonderful effort to the friendships of the judges; and he suddenly attached them to himself by the authority of a fictitious name, not only that he might make a traffic of their decisions, but also that he might by this influence hinder his neighbours, whom he was driving from their homes and lands, from the recovery of their property. This man, in truth, who overthrew his own arguments by his character, or censured his own character by his arguments, a weighty censor and most keen accuser against himself, at the very same time in which a righteous people were impiously assailed, vomited forth three books against the Christian religion and name; professing, above all things, that it was the office of a philosopher to remedy the errors of men, and to recall them to the true way, that is, to the worship of the gods, by whose power and majesty, as he said, the world is governed; and not to permit that inexperienced men should be enticed by the frauds of any, lest their simplicity should be a prey and sustece to crafty men. Therefore he said that he had undertaken this office, worthy of philosophy, that he might hold out to those who do not see the light of wisdom, not only that they may return to a healthy state of mind, having undertaken the worship of the gods, but also that, having laid aside their pertinacious obstinacy, they may avoid tortures of the body, nor wish in vain to endure cruel lacerations of their limbs. But that it might be evident on what account he had laboriously worked out that task, he broke out profusely into praises of the princes, whose piety and foresight, as he himself indeed said, had been distinguished both in other matters, and especially in defending the religious rites of the gods; that he had, in short, consulted the interests of men, in order that, impious and foolish superstition having been restrained, all men might have leisure for lawful sacred rites, and might experience the gods propitious to them. But when he wished to weaken the grounds of that religion against which he was pleading, he appeared senseless, vain, and ridiculous; because that weighty adviser of the advantage of others was ignorant not only what to oppose, but even what to speak. For if any of our religion were present, although they were silent on account of the time, nevertheless in their mind they derided him; since they saw a man professing that he would enlighten others, when he himself was blind; that he would recall others from error, when he himself was ignorant where to plant his feet; that he would instruct others to the truth, of which he himself had never seen even a spark at any time; inasmuch as he who was a professor of wisdom, endeavoured to overthrow wisdom. All, however, censured this, that he undertook this work at that time in particular, in which odious cruelty raged. O philosopher, a flatterer, and a time-server! But this man was despised, as his vanity deserved; for he did not gain the popularity which he hoped for, and the glory which he eagerly sought for was changed into censure and blame. Another wrote the same subject with more bitterness, who was then of the number of the judges, and who was especially the adviser of enacting persecution; and not contented with this crime, he also pursued with writings those whom he had persecuted. For he composed two books, not against the Christians, lest he might appear to assail them in a hostile manner but to the Christians, that he might be thought to consult for them with humanity and kindness. And in these writings he endeavoured so to prove the falsehood of sacred Scripture, as though it were altogether contradictory to itself; for he expounded some chapters which seemed to be at variance with themselves, enumerating so many and such secret things, that he sometimes appears to have been one of the same sect. But if this was so, what Demosthenes will be able to defend from the charge of impiety him who became the betrayer of the religion to which he had given his assent, and of the faith the name of which he had assumed, and of the mystery which he had received, unless it happened by chance that the sacred writings fell into his hands? What rashness was it, therefore, to dare to destroy that which no one explained to him! It was well that he either learned nothing or understood nothing. For contradiction is as far removed from the sacred writings as he was removed from faith and truth. He chiefly, however, assailed Paul and Peter, and the other disciples, as disseminators of deceit, whom at the same time he testified to have been unskilled and unlearned. For he says that some of them made gain by the craft of fishermen, as though he took it ill that some Aristophanes or Aristarchus did not devise that subject. '' None
6. Porphyry, Letter To Marcella, 18 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Diocletian, and the Great Persecution • Porphyry of Tyre, influenced Diocletian to launch Great Persecution

 Found in books: Esler (2000), The Early Christian World, 850; Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 24

sup>
18 The chief fruit of piety is to honour God according to the laws of our country, not deeming that God has need of anything, but that He calls us to honour Him by His truly reverend and blessed majesty. We are not harmed by reverencing God's altars, nor benefited by neglecting them. But whoever honours God under the impression that He is in need of him, unconsciously deems himself greater than God. 'Tis not the anger of the gods that injures us, but our own ignorance of their nature. Anger is foreign to the gods, for anger is involuntary, and there is nothing involuntary in God. Do not then dishonour the divine nature by false human opinions, since thou wilt not injure the eternally blessed One, whose immortal nature is incapable of injury, but thou wilt blind thyself to the conception of what is greatest and chiefest."" None
7. Porphyry, On Abstinence, 2.49.1 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Diocletian, and the Great Persecution • Porphyry of Tyre, influenced Diocletian to launch Great Persecution

 Found in books: Esler (2000), The Early Christian World, 850; Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 24

sup>
2.49.1 49.Very properly, therefore, will the philosopher, and who is also the priest of the God that is above all things, abstain from all animal food, in consequence of earnestly endeavouring to approach through himself alone to the alone God 21, without being disturbed by any attendants. Such a one likewise is cautious, as being well acquainted with the necessities of nature. For he who is truly a philosopher, is skilled in, and an observer of many things, understands the works of nature, is sagacious, temperate and modest, and is in every respect the saviour of |74 himself. And as he who is the priest of a certain particular God, is skilled in placing the statues of that divinity, and in his orgies, mysteries and the like, thus also he who is the priest of the highest God, is skilled in the manner in which his statue ought to be fashioned, and in purifications, and other things, through which he is conjoined to this divinity.
8. None, None, nan (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Diocletian • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), 1st edict • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), 3rd edict • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), 4th edict • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), cruelty during the persecution • Diocletian, humiliates Galerius • Diocletian, leaves Nicomedia • Diocletian, vicennalia of • Galerius, Diocletians Eastern Caesar and later Emperor (Caesar, Persian Victory of • Galerius, Diocletians Eastern Caesar and later Emperor (Caesar, and palace fire at Nicomedia • antioch, residents fear Diocletian

 Found in books: Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 232; Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 43, 44
9. None, None, nan (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Arnobius, alludes to Diocletians oracles • Arnobius, associates Jupiter with Diocletian • Diocletian • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), 1st edict • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), 3rd edict • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), 4th edict • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), administrative skills • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), building programme of • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), chief instigator of persecution • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), consults Apollo at Didyma • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), cruelty during the persecution • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), eastern military limes of • Diocletian, Roman emperor (284-305), edicts against adultery • Diocletian, and frontier defenses • Diocletian, and imperial tax system • Diocletian, and the Galerian Hypothesis • Diocletian, humiliates Galerius • Diocletian, imperial conference of • Diocletian, leaves Nicomedia • Diocletian, motives for persecuting Christians • Diocletian, perfectionist mentality of • Diocletian, personality of • Diocletian, reorganizes imperial bureaucracy • Diocletian, retires at Split • Diocletian, sickness and death • Diocletian, vicennalia of • Diocletian, witnesses Christians burning • Galerius, Diocletians Eastern Caesar and later Emperor (Caesar, Persian Victory of • Galerius, Diocletians Eastern Caesar and later Emperor (Caesar, and Diocletians retirement • Galerius, Diocletians Eastern Caesar and later Emperor (Caesar, and palace fire at Nicomedia • Lactantius, on Diocletians retirement • antioch, consulted at Didyma by Diocletian • antioch, residents fear Diocletian • christianity, and Diocletians bodyguard • leaves Africa for Nicomedia, says Galerius forced Diocletian to retire • nicomedia, Diocletians farewell speech at • oracles, consulted by Diocletian

 Found in books: Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 235; Esler (2000), The Early Christian World, 248, 833; Kahlos (2019), Religious Dissent in Late Antiquity, 350-450, 154; Lynskey (2021), Tyconius’ Book of Rules: An Ancient Invitation to Ecclesial Hermeneutics, 33, 40; Maier and Waldner (2022), Desiring Martyrs: Locating Martyrs in Space and Time, 93; Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 541; Mitchell and Pilhofer (2019), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 67; Simmons(1995), Arnobius of Sicca: Religious Conflict and Competition in the Age of Diocletian, 35, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 67, 70; de Ste. Croix et al. (2006), Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy, 72, 73
10. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Diocletian

 Found in books: Baumann and Liotsakis (2022), Reading History in the Roman Empire, 230; Price, Finkelberg and Shahar (2021), Rome: An Empire of Many Nations: New Perspectives on Ethnic Diversity and Cultural Identity, 243
11. None, None, nan (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
 Tagged with subjects: • Diocletian

 Found in books: Czajkowski et al. (2020), Vitruvian Man: Rome under Construction, 101; Katzoff(2005), Law in the Documents of the Judaean Desert, 128



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