1. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 104.4 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Divine/God,, Messengers • Wind, Messenger of God, as
Found in books: Fishbane (2003), Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking, 72, 237; Levison (2023), The Greek Life of Adam and Eve. 878, 924, 929
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104.4 עֹשֶׂה מַלְאָכָיו רוּחוֹת מְשָׁרְתָיו אֵשׁ לֹהֵט׃'' None | sup>
104.4 Who makest winds Thy messengers, the flaming fire Thy ministers.'' None |
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2. Homer, Iliad, 2.786-2.787, 24.334-24.335, 24.339-24.345, 24.460-24.467, 24.679-24.689 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Hermes, as messenger god • herdsman, as messenger • messenger
Found in books: Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 28, 42; Miller and Clay (2019), Tracking Hermes, Pursuing Mercury, 173; Simon, Zeyl, and Shapiro, (2021), The Gods of the Greeks, 323, 324
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2.786 Τρωσὶν δʼ ἄγγελος ἦλθε ποδήνεμος ὠκέα Ἶρις 2.787 πὰρ Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο σὺν ἀγγελίῃ ἀλεγεινῇ·
24.334 Ἑρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν 24.335 ἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι, καί τʼ ἔκλυες ᾧ κʼ ἐθέλῃσθα,
24.339 ὣς ἔφατʼ, οὐδʼ ἀπίθησε διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης. 24.340 αὐτίκʼ ἔπειθʼ ὑπὸ ποσσὶν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα 24.341 ἀμβρόσια χρύσεια, τά μιν φέρον ἠμὲν ἐφʼ ὑγρὴν 24.342 ἠδʼ ἐπʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν ἅμα πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο· 24.343 εἵλετο δὲ ῥάβδον, τῇ τʼ ἀνδρῶν ὄμματα θέλγει 24.344 ὧν ἐθέλει, τοὺς δʼ αὖτε καὶ ὑπνώοντας ἐγείρει· 24.345 τὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων πέτετο κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης.
24.460 ὦ γέρον ἤτοι ἐγὼ θεὸς ἄμβροτος εἰλήλουθα 24.461 Ἑρμείας· σοὶ γάρ με πατὴρ ἅμα πομπὸν ὄπασσεν. 24.462 ἀλλʼ ἤτοι μὲν ἐγὼ πάλιν εἴσομαι, οὐδʼ Ἀχιλῆος 24.463 ὀφθαλμοὺς εἴσειμι· νεμεσσητὸν δέ κεν εἴη 24.464 ἀθάνατον θεὸν ὧδε βροτοὺς ἀγαπαζέμεν ἄντην· 24.465 τύνη δʼ εἰσελθὼν λαβὲ γούνατα Πηλεΐωνος, 24.466 καί μιν ὑπὲρ πατρὸς καὶ μητέρος ἠϋκόμοιο 24.467 λίσσεο καὶ τέκεος, ἵνα οἱ σὺν θυμὸν ὀρίνῃς.
24.679 ἀλλʼ οὐχ Ἑρμείαν ἐριούνιον ὕπνος ἔμαρπτεν 24.680 ὁρμαίνοντʼ ἀνὰ θυμὸν ὅπως Πρίαμον βασιλῆα 24.681 νηῶν ἐκπέμψειε λαθὼν ἱεροὺς πυλαωρούς. 24.682 στῆ δʼ ἄρʼ ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς καί μιν πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· 24.683 ὦ γέρον οὔ νύ τι σοί γε μέλει κακόν, οἷον ἔθʼ εὕδεις 24.684 ἀνδράσιν ἐν δηΐοισιν, ἐπεί σʼ εἴασεν Ἀχιλλεύς. 24.685 καὶ νῦν μὲν φίλον υἱὸν ἐλύσαο, πολλὰ δʼ ἔδωκας· 24.686 σεῖο δέ κε ζωοῦ καὶ τρὶς τόσα δοῖεν ἄποινα 24.687 παῖδες τοὶ μετόπισθε λελειμμένοι, αἴ κʼ Ἀγαμέμνων 24.688 γνώῃ σʼ Ἀτρεΐδης, γνώωσι δὲ πάντες Ἀχαιοί. 24.689 ὣς ἔφατʼ, ἔδεισεν δʼ ὃ γέρων, κήρυκα δʼ ἀνίστη.'' None | sup>
2.786 and full swiftly did they speed across the plain.And to the Trojans went, as a messenger from Zeus that beareth the aegis, wind-footed, swift Iris with a grievous message. These were holding assembly at Priam's gate, all gathered in one body, the young men alike and the elders. " "
24.334 back then to Ilios turned his sons and his daughters' husbands; howbeit the twain were not unseen of Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, as they came forth upon the plain, but as he saw the old man he had pity, and forthwith spake to Hermes, his dear son:Hermes, seeing thou lovest above all others to companion a man, " '24.335 and thou givest ear to whomsoever thou art minded up, go and guide Priam unto the hollow ships of the Achaeans in such wise that no man may see him or be ware of him among all the Damans, until he be come to the son of Peleus.
24.339 and thou givest ear to whomsoever thou art minded up, go and guide Priam unto the hollow ships of the Achaeans in such wise that no man may see him or be ware of him among all the Damans, until he be come to the son of Peleus. So spake he, and the messenger, Argeiphontes, failed not to hearken. 24.340 Straightway he bound beneath his feet his beautiful sandals, immortal, golden, which were wont to bear him over the waters of the sea and over the boundless land swift as the blasts of the wind. And he took the wand wherewith he lulls to sleep the eyes of whom he will, while others again he awakens even out of slumber. 24.345 With this in his hand the strong Argeiphontes flew, and quickly came to Troy-land and the Hellespont. Then went he his way in the likeness of a young man that is a prince, with the first down upon his lip, in whom the charm of youth is fairest.Now when the others had driven past the great barrow of Ilus, ' "
24.460 Old sire, I that am come to thee am immortal god, even Hermes; for the Father sent me to guide thee on thy way. But now verily will I go back, neither come within Achilles' sight; good cause for wrath would it be that an immortal god should thus openly be entertained of mortals. " "24.464 Old sire, I that am come to thee am immortal god, even Hermes; for the Father sent me to guide thee on thy way. But now verily will I go back, neither come within Achilles' sight; good cause for wrath would it be that an immortal god should thus openly be entertained of mortals. " '24.465 But go thou in, and clasp the knees of the son of Peleus and entreat him by his father and his fair-haired mother and his child, that thou mayest stir his soul.
24.679 but Achilles slept in the innermost part of the well-builded hut, and by his side lay fair-cheeked Briseis. Now all the other gods and men, lords of chariots, slumbered the whole night through, overcome of soft sleep; but not upon the helper Hermes might sleep lay hold, 24.680 as he pondered in mind how he should guide king Priam forth from the ships unmarked of the strong keepers of the gate. He took his stand above his head and spake to him, saying:Old sire, no thought then hast thou of any evil, that thou still sleepest thus amid foemen, for that Achilles has spared thee. 24.684 as he pondered in mind how he should guide king Priam forth from the ships unmarked of the strong keepers of the gate. He took his stand above his head and spake to him, saying:Old sire, no thought then hast thou of any evil, that thou still sleepest thus amid foemen, for that Achilles has spared thee. ' "24.685 Now verily hast thou ransomed thy son, and a great price thou gavest. But for thine own life must the sons thou hast, they that be left behind, give ransom thrice so great, if so be Agamemnon, Atreus' son, have knowledge of thee, or the host of the Achaeans have knowledge. So spake he, and the old man was seized with fear, and made the herald to arise. " "24.689 Now verily hast thou ransomed thy son, and a great price thou gavest. But for thine own life must the sons thou hast, they that be left behind, give ransom thrice so great, if so be Agamemnon, Atreus' son, have knowledge of thee, or the host of the Achaeans have knowledge. So spake he, and the old man was seized with fear, and made the herald to arise. "" None |
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3. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 1166 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • messenger speeches • messenger-figures
Found in books: Park (2023), Reciprocity, Truth, and Gender in Pindar and Aeschylus. 181; Pillinger (2019), Cassandra and the Poetics of Prophecy in Greek and Latin Literature, 128
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1166 θραύματʼ ἐμοὶ κλύειν. Κασάνδρα'' None | sup>
1166 of thee shrill shrieking:
1166 To me who hear — a wonder! KASSANDRA. '' None |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Ezekiel, 1.4-1.12, 10.2, 10.6-10.8, 10.18-10.19 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Divine/God,, Messengers • Wind, Messenger of God, as
Found in books: Fishbane (2003), Biblical Myth and Rabbinic Mythmaking, 72, 78; Levison (2023), The Greek Life of Adam and Eve. 924
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1.4 וָאֵרֶא וְהִנֵּה רוּחַ סְעָרָה בָּאָה מִן־הַצָּפוֹן עָנָן גָּדוֹל וְאֵשׁ מִתְלַקַּחַת וְנֹגַהּ לוֹ סָבִיב וּמִתּוֹכָהּ כְּעֵין הַחַשְׁמַל מִתּוֹךְ הָאֵשׁ׃ 1.5 וּמִתּוֹכָהּ דְּמוּת אַרְבַּע חַיּוֹת וְזֶה מַרְאֵיהֶן דְּמוּת אָדָם לָהֵנָּה׃ 1.6 וְאַרְבָּעָה פָנִים לְאֶחָת וְאַרְבַּע כְּנָפַיִם לְאַחַת לָהֶם׃ 1.7 וְרַגְלֵיהֶם רֶגֶל יְשָׁרָה וְכַף רַגְלֵיהֶם כְּכַף רֶגֶל עֵגֶל וְנֹצְצִים כְּעֵין נְחֹשֶׁת קָלָל׃ 1.8 וידו וִידֵי אָדָם מִתַּחַת כַּנְפֵיהֶם עַל אַרְבַּעַת רִבְעֵיהֶם וּפְנֵיהֶם וְכַנְפֵיהֶם לְאַרְבַּעְתָּם׃ 1.9 חֹבְרֹת אִשָּׁה אֶל־אֲחוֹתָהּ כַּנְפֵיהֶם לֹא־יִסַּבּוּ בְלֶכְתָּן אִישׁ אֶל־עֵבֶר פָּנָיו יֵלֵכוּ׃' '1.11 וּפְנֵיהֶם וְכַנְפֵיהֶם פְּרֻדוֹת מִלְמָעְלָה לְאִישׁ שְׁתַּיִם חֹבְרוֹת אִישׁ וּשְׁתַּיִם מְכַסּוֹת אֵת גְּוִיֹתֵיהֶנָה׃ 1.12 וְאִישׁ אֶל־עֵבֶר פָּנָיו יֵלֵכוּ אֶל אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה־שָׁמָּה הָרוּחַ לָלֶכֶת יֵלֵכוּ לֹא יִסַּבּוּ בְּלֶכְתָּן׃
10.2 הִיא הַחַיָּה אֲשֶׁר רָאִיתִי תַּחַת אֱלֹהֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּנְהַר־כְּבָר וָאֵדַע כִּי כְרוּבִים הֵמָּה׃
10.2 וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־הָאִישׁ לְבֻשׁ הַבַּדִּים וַיֹּאמֶר בֹּא אֶל־בֵּינוֹת לַגַּלְגַּל אֶל־תַּחַת לַכְּרוּב וּמַלֵּא חָפְנֶיךָ גַחֲלֵי־אֵשׁ מִבֵּינוֹת לַכְּרֻבִים וּזְרֹק עַל־הָעִיר וַיָּבֹא לְעֵינָי׃
10.6 וַיְהִי בְּצַוֺּתוֹ אֶת־הָאִישׁ לְבֻשׁ־הַבַּדִּים לֵאמֹר קַח אֵשׁ מִבֵּינוֹת לַגַּלְגַּל מִבֵּינוֹת לַכְּרוּבִים וַיָּבֹא וַיַּעֲמֹד אֵצֶל הָאוֹפָן׃ 10.7 וַיִּשְׁלַח הַכְּרוּב אֶת־יָדוֹ מִבֵּינוֹת לַכְּרוּבִים אֶל־הָאֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר בֵּינוֹת הַכְּרֻבִים וַיִּשָּׂא וַיִּתֵּן אֶל־חָפְנֵי לְבֻשׁ הַבַּדִּים וַיִּקַּח וַיֵּצֵא׃ 10.8 וַיֵּרָא לַכְּרֻבִים תַּבְנִית יַד־אָדָם תַּחַת כַּנְפֵיהֶם׃
10.18 וַיֵּצֵא כְּבוֹד יְהוָה מֵעַל מִפְתַּן הַבָּיִת וַיַּעֲמֹד עַל־הַכְּרוּבִים׃ 10.19 וַיִּשְׂאוּ הַכְּרוּבִים אֶת־כַּנְפֵיהֶם וַיֵּרוֹמּוּ מִן־הָאָרֶץ לְעֵינַי בְּצֵאתָם וְהָאוֹפַנִּים לְעֻמָּתָם וַיַּעֲמֹד פֶּתַח שַׁעַר בֵּית־יְהוָה הַקַּדְמוֹנִי וּכְבוֹד אֱלֹהֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהֶם מִלְמָעְלָה׃'' None | sup>
1.4 And I looked, and, behold, a stormy wind came out of the north, a great cloud, with a fire flashing up, so that a brightness was round about it; and out of the midst thereof as the colour of electrum, out of the midst of the fire. 1.5 And out of the midst thereof came the likeness of four living creatures. And this was their appearance: they had the likeness of a man. 1.6 And every one had four faces, and every one of them had four wings. 1.7 And their feet were straight feet; and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf’s foot; and they sparkled like the colour of burnished brass. 1.8 And they had the hands of a man under their wings on their four sides; and as for the faces and wings of them four, 1.9 their wings were joined one to another; they turned not when they went; they went every one straight forward. 1.10 As for the likeness of their faces, they had the face of a man; and they four had the face of a lion on the right side; and they four had the face of an ox on the left side; they four had also the face of an eagle. 1.11 Thus were their faces; and their wings were stretched upward; two wings of every one were joined one to another, and two covered their bodies. 1.12 And they went every one straight forward; whither the spirit was to go, they went; they turned not when they went.
10.2 And He spoke unto the man clothed in linen, and said: ‘Go in between the wheelwork, even under the cherub, and fill both thy hands with coals of fire from between the cherubim, and dash them against the city.’ And he went in in my sight.
10.6 And it came to pass, when He commanded the man clothed in linen, saying: ‘Take fire from between the wheelwork, from between the cherubim’, that he went in, and stood beside a wheel. 10.7 And the cherub stretched forth his hand from between the cherubim unto the fire that was between the cherubim, and took thereof, and put it into the hands of him that was clothed in linen, who took it and went out. 10.8 And there appeared in the cherubim the form of a man’s hand under their wings.
10.18 And the glory of the LORD went forth from off the threshold of the house, and stood over the cherubim. 10.19 And the cherubim lifted up their wings, and mounted up from the earth in my sight when they went forth, and the wheels beside them; and they stood at the door of the east gate of the LORD’S house; and the glory of the God of Israel was over them above.'' None |
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5. None, None, nan (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Aeneas, as Persian messenger • Alexandra (Lycophron), messenger structure • Deianira, and messengers • Electra (Sophocles), messengers in • Heracles, and messenger scenes • Hyllus, as a messenger • Messenger-speech • Women of Trachis, The (Sophocles), messengers in • death, and messengers • messenger-figures • messengers, scenes of • messengers, use of • persuasion, by messenger-figures • suicide, and messengers
Found in books: Giusti (2018), Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries, 134; Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 226, 281; Park (2023), Reciprocity, Truth, and Gender in Pindar and Aeschylus. 115, 177, 178; Pillinger (2019), Cassandra and the Poetics of Prophecy in Greek and Latin Literature, 119; de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 543
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6. Euripides, Bacchae, 1078 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Ezekiel, Exagoge, Messenger (Pharaoh’s soldier) • messenger
Found in books: Liapis and Petrides (2019), Greek Tragedy After the Fifth Century: A Survey from ca, 138; Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 112
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1078 ἐκ δʼ αἰθέρος φωνή τις, ὡς μὲν εἰκάσαι'' None | sup>
1078 He was seen by the Maenads more than he saw them, for sitting on high he was all but apparent, and the stranger was no longer anywhere to be seen, when a voice, Dionysus as I guess, cried out from the air: Young women,'' None |
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7. Sophocles, Antigone, 1115-1152, 1240 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • messenger • messenger-figures • messengers, arrival of • messengers, use of
Found in books: Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 229, 757; Lipka (2021), Epiphanies and Dreams in Greek Polytheism: Textual Genres and 'Reality' from Homer to Heliodorus, 112; Park (2023), Reciprocity, Truth, and Gender in Pindar and Aeschylus. 131
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1115 God of many names, glory of the Cadmeian bride and offspring of loud-thundering Zeus, you who watch over far-famed Italy and reign'1116 God of many names, glory of the Cadmeian bride and offspring of loud-thundering Zeus, you who watch over far-famed Italy and reign 1120 in the valleys of Eleusinian Deo where all find welcome! O Bacchus, denizen of Thebes , the mother-city of your Bacchants, dweller by the wet stream of Ismenus on the soil 1125 of the sowing of the savage dragon’s teeth! 1126 The smoky glare of torches sees you above the cliffs of the twin peaks, where the Corycian nymphs move inspired by your godhead, 1130 and Castalia’s stream sees you, too. The ivy-mantled slopes of Nysa ’s hills and the shore green with many-clustered vines send you, when accompanied by the cries of your divine words, 1135 you visit the avenues of Thebes . 1137 Thebes of all cities you hold foremost in honor, together with your lightning-struck mother. 1140 And now when the whole city is held subject to a violent plague, come, we ask, with purifying feet over steep Parnassus , 1145 or over the groaning straits! 1146 O Leader of the chorus of the stars whose breath is fire, overseer of the chants in the night, son begotten of Zeus, 1150 appear, my king, with your attendant Thyiads, who in night-long frenzy dance and sing you as Iacchus the Giver!
1240 Corpse enfolding corpse he lay, having won his marriage rites, poor boy, not here, but in Hades’ palace, and having shown to mankind by how much the failure to reason wisely is the most severe of all afflictions assigned to man. Eurydice departs into the house. ' None |
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8. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Messenger-speech • messengers, arrival of • messengers, use of
Found in books: Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 230, 757; de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 541, 542
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9. Vergil, Aeneis, 1.297-1.304, 2.21-2.23, 4.259-4.264
Tagged with subjects: • Aeneas, as Persian messenger • Messenger-speech • herdsman, as messenger
Found in books: Giusti (2018), Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries, 134; Miller and Clay (2019), Tracking Hermes, Pursuing Mercury, 173, 175, 177; de Bakker, van den Berg, and Klooster (2022), Emotions and Narrative in Ancient Literature and Beyond, 544, 550
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1.297 Haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, 1.299 hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido 1.300 finibus arceret: volat ille per aera magnum 1.301 remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus adstitit oris. 1.302 Et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni 1.303 corda volente deo; in primis regina quietum 1.304 accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam.
2.21 Est in conspectu Tenedos, notissima fama 2.22 insula, dives opum, Priami dum regna manebant, 2.23 nunc tantum sinus et statio male fida carinis:
4.259 Ut primum alatis tetigit magalia plantis, 4.260 Aenean fundantem arces ac tecta novantem 4.261 conspicit; atque illi stellatus iaspide fulva 4.262 ensis erat, Tyrioque ardebat murice laena 4.263 demissa ex umeris, dives quae munera Dido 4.264 fecerat, et tenui telas discreverat auro.' ' None | sup>
1.297 or mourns with grief untold the untimely doom 1.299 After these things were past, exalted Jove, 1.300 from his ethereal sky surveying clear 1.301 the seas all winged with sails, lands widely spread, 1.302 and nations populous from shore to shore, 1.303 paused on the peak of heaven, and fixed his gaze 1.304 on Libya . But while he anxious mused,
2.21 build a huge horse, a thing of mountain size, 2.22 with timbered ribs of fir. They falsely say 2.23 it has been vowed to Heaven for safe return,
4.259 a peering eye abides; and, strange to tell, 4.260 an equal number of vociferous tongues, 4.261 foul, whispering lips, and ears, that catch at all. ' "4.262 At night she spreads midway 'twixt earth and heaven " '4.263 her pinions in the darkness, hissing loud, ' "4.264 nor e'er to happy slumber gives her eyes: " ' None |
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