| 1. Cicero, Letters To His Friends, 2.13.1, 4.5, 4.14.3, 6.6, 6.6.7-6.6.8, 6.18.1-6.18.2, 9.11.1 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 31, 50, 66, 111, 175 |
| 2. Varro, On The Latin Language, 6.30 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 66 |
3. Cicero, On Divination, 1.119, 2.52-2.53, 2.148 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 19, 31, 32, 111, 237| 1.119. Quod ne dubitare possimus, maximo est argumento, quod paulo ante interitum Caesaris contigit. Qui cum immolaret illo die, quo primum in sella aurea sedit et cum purpurea veste processit, in extis bovis opimi cor non fuit. Num igitur censes ullum animal, quod sanguinem habeat, sine corde esse posse? †Qua ille rei novitate perculsus, cum Spurinna diceret timendum esse, ne et consilium et vita deficeret; earum enim rerum utramque a corde proficisci. Postero die caput in iecore non fuit. Quae quidem illi portendebantur a dis immortalibus, ut videret interitum, non ut caveret. Cum igitur eae partes in extis non reperiuntur, sine quibus victuma illa vivere nequisset, intellegendum est in ipso immolationis tempore eas partes, quae absint, interisse. 2.52. Quota enim quaeque res evenit praedicta ab istis? aut, si evenit quippiam, quid adferri potest, cur non casu id evenerit? Rex Prusias, cum Hannibali apud eum exsulanti depugnari placeret, negabat se audere, quod exta prohiberent. Ain tu? inquit, carunculae vitulinae mavis quam imperatori veteri credere? Quid? ipse Caesar cum a summo haruspice moneretur, ne in Africam ante brumam transmitteret, nonne transmisit? quod ni fecisset, uno in loco omnes adversariorum copiae convenissent. Quid ego haruspicum responsa commemorem (possum equidem innumerabilia), quae aut nullos habuerint exitus aut contrarios? 2.53. Hoc civili bello, di inmortales! quam multa luserunt! quae nobis in Graeciam Roma responsa haruspicum missa sunt! quae dicta Pompeio! etenim ille admodum extis et ostentis movebatur. Non lubet commemorare, nec vero necesse est, tibi praesertim, qui interfuisti; vides tamen omnia fere contra, ac dicta sint, evenisse. Sed haec hactenus; nunc ad ostenta veniamus. 2.148. Explodatur igitur haec quoque somniorum divinatio pariter cum ceteris. Nam, ut vere loquamur, superstitio fusa per gentis oppressit omnium fere animos atque hominum inbecillitatem occupavit. Quod et in iis libris dictum est, qui sunt de natura deorum, et hac disputatione id maxume egimus. Multum enim et nobismet ipsis et nostris profuturi videbamur, si eam funditus sustulissemus. Nec vero (id enim diligenter intellegi volo) superstitione tollenda religio tollitur. Nam et maiorum instituta tueri sacris caerimoniisque retinendis sapientis est, et esse praestantem aliquam aeternamque naturam, et eam suspiciendam admirandamque hominum generi pulchritudo mundi ordoque rerum caelestium cogit confiteri. | 1.119. Conclusive proof of this fact, sufficient to put it beyond the possibility of doubt, is afforded by incidents which happened just before Caesars death. While he was offering sacrifices on the day when he sat for the first time on a golden throne and first appeared in public in a purple robe, no heart was found in the vitals of the votive ox. Now do you think it possible for any animal that has blood to exist without a heart? Caesar was unmoved by this occurrence, even though Spurinna warned him to beware lest thought and life should fail him — both of which, he said, proceeded from the heart. On the following day there was no head to the liver of the sacrifice. These portents were sent by the immortal gods to Caesar that he might foresee his death, not that he might prevent it. Therefore, when those organs, without which the victim could not have lived, are found wanting in the vitals, we should understand that the absent organs disappeared at the very moment of immolation. [53] 2.52. For how many things predicted by them really come true? If any do come true, then what reason can be advanced why the agreement of the event with the prophecy was not due to chance? While Hannibal was in exile at the court of King Prusias he advised the king to go to war, but the king replied, I do not dare, because the entrails forbid. And do you, said Hannibal, put more reliance in piece of ox‑meat than you do in a veteran commander? Again, when Caesar himself was warned by a most eminent soothsayer not to cross over to Africa before the winter solstice, did he not cross? If he had not done so all the forces opposed to him would have effected a junction. Why need I give instances — and, in fact, I could give countless ones — where the prophecies of soothsayers either were without result or the issue was directly the reverse of the prophecy? 2.53. Ye gods, how many times were they mistaken in the late civil war! What oracular messages the soothsayers sent from Rome to our Pompeian party then in Greece! What assurances they gave to Pompey! For he placed great reliance in divination by means of entrails and portents. I have no wish to call these instances to mind, and indeed it is unnecessary — especially to you, since you had personal knowledge of them. Still, you are aware that the result was nearly always contrary to the prophecy. But enough on this point: let us now come to portents. [25] 2.148. Then let dreams, as a means of divination, be rejected along with the rest. Speaking frankly, superstition, which is widespread among the nations, has taken advantage of human weakness to cast its spell over the mind of almost every man. This same view was stated in my treatise On the Nature of the Gods; and to prove the correctness of that view has been the chief aim of the present discussion. For I thought that I should be rendering a great service both to myself and to my countrymen if I could tear this superstition up by the roots. But I want it distinctly understood that the destruction of superstition does not mean the destruction of religion. For I consider it the part of wisdom to preserve the institutions of our forefathers by retaining their sacred rites and ceremonies. Furthermore, the celestial order and the beauty of the universe compel me to confess that there is some excellent and eternal Being, who deserves the respect and homage of men. |
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| 4. Cicero, Letters, 13.25.3 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 19 |
| 5. Cicero, Oratio Pro Rege Deiotaro, 16 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 66 |
| 6. Ovid, Epistulae Ex Ponto, 2.10.15 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 66 |
| 7. Suetonius, Iulius, 59 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 111 |
| 8. Plutarch, Julius Caesar, 63.8-63.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 237 |
| 9. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 1.186 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 237 |
| 10. Plutarch, Tiberius And Gaius Gracchus, 17 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 237 |
| 11. Lucan, Pharsalia, 1.185-1.203 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 237 |
12. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 41.39.2 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 111 | 41.39.2. And as he was attending to the details of his departure, a kite in the Forum let fall a sprig of laurel upon one of his companions. Later, while he was sacrificing to Fortune, the bull escaped before being wounded, rushed out of the city, and coming to a certain lake, swam across it. |
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| 13. Gellius, Attic Nights, 12.11.6, 20.1.17 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 66 |
| 14. Babylonian Talmud, Horayot, 20.12-21.2 (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 121 |
| 15. Servius, Commentary On The Aeneid, 10.541 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 111 |
| 16. Macrobius, Saturnalia, 1.16.9-1.16.10 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 66 |
| 17. Epigraphy, Cil, 6.2164-6.2165 Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 111 |
| 18. Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, 2.57.2 Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 237 |
| 19. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 1.6.7, 1.6.12-1.6.13, 1.7.2 Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 111, 237 |
| 20. Pseudo-Caesar, De Bello Africo, 2.2-2.5 Tagged with subjects: •civil war, between caesar and pompey Found in books: Santangelo (2013) 111 |
