1. None, None, nan (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • benefaction and civic liturgies • civil law code, Baba Mesia and Scripture
Found in books: Keener(2005), First-Second Corinthians, 214; Neusner (2003), The Perfect Torah. 15
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2. Hesiod, Works And Days, 25-41, 111, 117-237, 639-640, 649-650 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civil war • civilization, Homeric vs. democratic • civilization, as decline • civilization, origins of • polis, civilization of • spaces, civic • war, civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121, 123; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 38, 249; Gee (2013), Aratus and the Astronomical Tradition, 141; Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 150; Reed (2005), Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature. 38; Skempis and Ziogas (2014), Geography, Topography, Landscape: Configurations of Space in Greek and Roman Epic 113; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121, 123
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25 καὶ κεραμεὺς κεραμεῖ κοτέει καὶ τέκτονι τέκτων, 26 καὶ πτωχὸς πτωχῷ φθονέει καὶ ἀοιδὸς ἀοιδῷ. 27 ὦ Πέρση, σὺ δὲ ταῦτα τεῷ ἐνικάτθεο θυμῷ, 28 μηδέ σʼ Ἔρις κακόχαρτος ἀπʼ ἔργου θυμὸν ἐρύκοι 29 νείκεʼ ὀπιπεύοντʼ ἀγορῆς ἐπακουὸν ἐόντα. 30 ὤρη γάρ τʼ ὀλίγη πέλεται νεικέων τʼ ἀγορέων τε, 31 ᾧτινι μὴ βίος ἔνδον ἐπηετανὸς κατάκειται 32 ὡραῖος, τὸν γαῖα φέρει, Δημήτερος ἀκτήν. 33 τοῦ κε κορεσσάμενος νείκεα καὶ δῆριν ὀφέλλοις 34 κτήμασʼ ἐπʼ ἀλλοτρίοις· σοὶ δʼ οὐκέτι δεύτερον ἔσται 35 ὧδʼ ἔρδειν· ἀλλʼ αὖθι διακρινώμεθα νεῖκος 36 ἰθείῃσι δίκῃς, αἵ τʼ ἐκ Διός εἰσιν ἄρισται. 37 ἤδη μὲν γὰρ κλῆρον ἐδασσάμεθʼ, ἀλλὰ τὰ πολλὰ 38 ἁρπάζων ἐφόρεις μέγα κυδαίνων βασιλῆας 39 δωροφάγους, οἳ τήνδε δίκην ἐθέλουσι δίκασσαι. 40 νήπιοι, οὐδὲ ἴσασιν ὅσῳ πλέον ἥμισυ παντὸς 41 οὐδʼ ὅσον ἐν μαλάχῃ τε καὶ ἀσφοδέλῳ μέγʼ ὄνειαρ.
111 οἳ μὲν ἐπὶ Κρόνου ἦσαν, ὅτʼ οὐρανῷ ἐμβασίλευεν·117 τοῖσιν ἔην· καρπὸν δʼ ἔφερε ζείδωρος ἄρουρα 118 αὐτομάτη πολλόν τε καὶ ἄφθονον· οἳ δʼ ἐθελημοὶ 119 ἥσυχοι ἔργʼ ἐνέμοντο σὺν ἐσθλοῖσιν πολέεσσιν. 120 ἀφνειοὶ μήλοισι, φίλοι μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν. 121 αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ δὴ τοῦτο γένος κατὰ γαῖʼ ἐκάλυψε,— 122 τοὶ μὲν δαίμονες ἁγνοὶ ἐπιχθόνιοι καλέονται 123 ἐσθλοί, ἀλεξίκακοι, φύλακες θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων, 124 οἵ ῥα φυλάσσουσίν τε δίκας καὶ σχέτλια ἔργα 1
25 ἠέρα ἑσσάμενοι πάντη φοιτῶντες ἐπʼ αἶαν, 126 πλουτοδόται· καὶ τοῦτο γέρας βασιλήιον ἔσχον—, 127 δεύτερον αὖτε γένος πολὺ χειρότερον μετόπισθεν 128 ἀργύρεον ποίησαν Ὀλύμπια δώματʼ ἔχοντες, 129 χρυσέῳ οὔτε φυὴν ἐναλίγκιον οὔτε νόημα. 130 ἀλλʼ ἑκατὸν μὲν παῖς ἔτεα παρὰ μητέρι κεδνῇ 131 ἐτρέφετʼ ἀτάλλων, μέγα νήπιος, ᾧ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ. 132 ἀλλʼ ὅτʼ ἄρʼ ἡβήσαι τε καὶ ἥβης μέτρον ἵκοιτο, 133 παυρίδιον ζώεσκον ἐπὶ χρόνον, ἄλγεʼ ἔχοντες 134 ἀφραδίῃς· ὕβριν γὰρ ἀτάσθαλον οὐκ ἐδύναντο 135 ἀλλήλων ἀπέχειν, οὐδʼ ἀθανάτους θεραπεύειν 136 ἤθελον οὐδʼ ἔρδειν μακάρων ἱεροῖς ἐπὶ βωμοῖς, 137 ἣ θέμις ἀνθρώποις κατὰ ἤθεα. τοὺς μὲν ἔπειτα 138 Ζεὺς Κρονίδης ἔκρυψε χολούμενος, οὕνεκα τιμὰς 139 οὐκ ἔδιδον μακάρεσσι θεοῖς, οἳ Ὄλυμπον ἔχουσιν. 140 αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῦτο γένος κατὰ γαῖʼ ἐκάλυψε,— 141 τοὶ μὲν ὑποχθόνιοι μάκαρες θνητοῖς καλέονται, 142 δεύτεροι, ἀλλʼ ἔμπης τιμὴ καὶ τοῖσιν ὀπηδεῖ—, 143 Ζεὺς δὲ πατὴρ τρίτον ἄλλο γένος μερόπων ἀνθρώπων 144 χάλκειον ποίησʼ, οὐκ ἀργυρέῳ οὐδὲν ὁμοῖον, 145 ἐκ μελιᾶν, δεινόν τε καὶ ὄβριμον· οἷσιν Ἄρηος 146 ἔργʼ ἔμελεν στονόεντα καὶ ὕβριες· οὐδέ τι σῖτον 147 ἤσθιον, ἀλλʼ ἀδάμαντος ἔχον κρατερόφρονα θυμόν, 148 ἄπλαστοι· μεγάλη δὲ βίη καὶ χεῖρες ἄαπτοι 149 ἐξ ὤμων ἐπέφυκον ἐπὶ στιβαροῖσι μέλεσσιν. 150 ὧν δʼ ἦν χάλκεα μὲν τεύχεα, χάλκεοι δέ τε οἶκοι 151 χαλκῷ δʼ εἰργάζοντο· μέλας δʼ οὐκ ἔσκε σίδηρος. 152 καὶ τοὶ μὲν χείρεσσιν ὕπο σφετέρῃσι δαμέντες 153 βῆσαν ἐς εὐρώεντα δόμον κρυεροῦ Αίδαο 154 νώνυμνοι· θάνατος δὲ καὶ ἐκπάγλους περ ἐόντας 155 εἷλε μέλας, λαμπρὸν δʼ ἔλιπον φάος ἠελίοιο. 156 αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ καὶ τοῦτο γένος κατὰ γαῖʼ ἐκάλυψεν, 157 αὖτις ἔτʼ ἄλλο τέταρτον ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ 158 Ζεὺς Κρονίδης ποίησε, δικαιότερον καὶ ἄρειον, 159 ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων θεῖον γένος, οἳ καλέονται 160 ἡμίθεοι, προτέρη γενεὴ κατʼ ἀπείρονα γαῖαν. 161 καὶ τοὺς μὲν πόλεμός τε κακὸς καὶ φύλοπις αἰνή, 162 τοὺς μὲν ὑφʼ ἑπταπύλῳ Θήβῃ, Καδμηίδι γαίῃ, 163 ὤλεσε μαρναμένους μήλων ἕνεκʼ Οἰδιπόδαο, 164 τοὺς δὲ καὶ ἐν νήεσσιν ὑπὲρ μέγα λαῖτμα θαλάσσης 165 ἐς Τροίην ἀγαγὼν Ἑλένης ἕνεκʼ ἠυκόμοιο. 166 ἔνθʼ ἤτοι τοὺς μὲν θανάτου τέλος ἀμφεκάλυψε, 167 τοῖς δὲ δίχʼ ἀνθρώπων βίοτον καὶ ἤθεʼ ὀπάσσας 168 Ζεὺς Κρονίδης κατένασσε πατὴρ ἐς πείρατα γαίης. 169 Πέμπτον δʼ αὖτις ἔτʼ ἄ λλο γένος θῆκʼ εὐρύοπα Ζεὺς 169 ἀνδρῶν, οἳ γεγάασιν ἐπὶ χθονὶ πουλυβοτείρῃ. 169 τοῖσι δʼ ὁμῶς ν εάτοις τιμὴ καὶ κῦδος ὀπηδεῖ. 169 τοῦ γὰρ δεσμὸ ν ἔλυσε πα τὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε. 169 τηλοῦ ἀπʼ ἀθανάτων· τοῖσιν Κρόνος ἐμβασιλεύει. 170 καὶ τοὶ μὲν ναίουσιν ἀκηδέα θυμὸν ἔχοντες 171 ἐν μακάρων νήσοισι παρʼ Ὠκεανὸν βαθυδίνην, 172 ὄλβιοι ἥρωες, τοῖσιν μελιηδέα καρπὸν 173 τρὶς ἔτεος θάλλοντα φέρει ζείδωρος ἄρουρα. 174 μηκέτʼ ἔπειτʼ ὤφελλον ἐγὼ πέμπτοισι μετεῖναι 175 ἀνδράσιν, ἀλλʼ ἢ πρόσθε θανεῖν ἢ ἔπειτα γενέσθαι. 176 νῦν γὰρ δὴ γένος ἐστὶ σιδήρεον· οὐδέ ποτʼ ἦμαρ 177 παύονται καμάτου καὶ ὀιζύος, οὐδέ τι νύκτωρ 178 φθειρόμενοι. χαλεπὰς δὲ θεοὶ δώσουσι μερίμνας· 179 ἀλλʼ ἔμπης καὶ τοῖσι μεμείξεται ἐσθλὰ κακοῖσιν. 180 Ζεὺς δʼ ὀλέσει καὶ τοῦτο γένος μερόπων ἀνθρώπων, 181 εὖτʼ ἂν γεινόμενοι πολιοκρόταφοι τελέθωσιν. 182 οὐδὲ πατὴρ παίδεσσιν ὁμοίιος οὐδέ τι παῖδες, 183 οὐδὲ ξεῖνος ξεινοδόκῳ καὶ ἑταῖρος ἑταίρῳ, 184 οὐδὲ κασίγνητος φίλος ἔσσεται, ὡς τὸ πάρος περ. 185 αἶψα δὲ γηράσκοντας ἀτιμήσουσι τοκῆας· 186 μέμψονται δʼ ἄρα τοὺς χαλεποῖς βάζοντες ἔπεσσι 187 σχέτλιοι οὐδὲ θεῶν ὄπιν εἰδότες· οὐδέ κεν οἵ γε 188 γηράντεσσι τοκεῦσιν ἀπὸ θρεπτήρια δοῖεν 189 χειροδίκαι· ἕτερος δʼ ἑτέρου πόλιν ἐξαλαπάξει. 190 οὐδέ τις εὐόρκου χάρις ἔσσεται οὔτε δικαίου 191 οὔτʼ ἀγαθοῦ, μᾶλλον δὲ κακῶν ῥεκτῆρα καὶ ὕβριν 192 ἀνέρες αἰνήσουσι· δίκη δʼ ἐν χερσί, καὶ αἰδὼς 193 οὐκ ἔσται· βλάψει δʼ ὁ κακὸς τὸν ἀρείονα φῶτα 194 μύθοισιν σκολιοῖς ἐνέπων, ἐπὶ δʼ ὅρκον ὀμεῖται. 195 ζῆλος δʼ ἀνθρώποισιν ὀιζυροῖσιν ἅπασι 196 δυσκέλαδος κακόχαρτος ὁμαρτήσει, στυγερώπης. 197 καὶ τότε δὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἀπὸ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης 198 λευκοῖσιν φάρεσσι καλυψαμένα χρόα καλὸν 199 ἀθανάτων μετὰ φῦλον ἴτον προλιπόντʼ ἀνθρώπους 200 Αἰδὼς καὶ Νέμεσις· τὰ δὲ λείψεται ἄλγεα λυγρὰ 201 θνητοῖς ἀνθρώποισι· κακοῦ δʼ οὐκ ἔσσεται ἀλκή. 202 νῦν δʼ αἶνον βασιλεῦσιν ἐρέω φρονέουσι καὶ αὐτοῖς· 203 ὧδʼ ἴρηξ προσέειπεν ἀηδόνα ποικιλόδειρον 204 ὕψι μάλʼ ἐν νεφέεσσι φέρων ὀνύχεσσι μεμαρπώς· 205 ἣ δʼ ἐλεόν, γναμπτοῖσι πεπαρμένη ἀμφʼ ὀνύχεσσι, 206 μύρετο· τὴν ὅγʼ ἐπικρατέως πρὸς μῦθον ἔειπεν· 207 δαιμονίη, τί λέληκας; ἔχει νύ σε πολλὸν ἀρείων· 208 τῇ δʼ εἶς, ᾗ σʼ ἂν ἐγώ περ ἄγω καὶ ἀοιδὸν ἐοῦσαν· 209 δεῖπνον δʼ, αἴ κʼ ἐθέλω, ποιήσομαι ἠὲ μεθήσω. 210 ἄφρων δʼ, ὅς κʼ ἐθέλῃ πρὸς κρείσσονας ἀντιφερίζειν· 211 νίκης τε στέρεται πρός τʼ αἴσχεσιν ἄλγεα πάσχει. 212 ὣς ἔφατʼ ὠκυπέτης ἴρηξ, τανυσίπτερος ὄρνις. 213 ὦ Πέρση, σὺ δʼ ἄκουε δίκης, μηδʼ ὕβριν ὄφελλε· 214 ὕβρις γάρ τε κακὴ δειλῷ βροτῷ· οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλὸς 215 ῥηιδίως φερέμεν δύναται, βαρύθει δέ θʼ ὑπʼ αὐτῆς 216 ἐγκύρσας ἄτῃσιν· ὁδὸς δʼ ἑτέρηφι παρελθεῖν 217 κρείσσων ἐς τὰ δίκαια· Δίκη δʼ ὑπὲρ Ὕβριος ἴσχει 218 ἐς τέλος ἐξελθοῦσα· παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω. 219 αὐτίκα γὰρ τρέχει Ὅρκος ἅμα σκολιῇσι δίκῃσιν. 220 τῆς δὲ Δίκης ῥόθος ἑλκομένης, ᾗ κʼ ἄνδρες ἄγωσι 221 δωροφάγοι, σκολιῇς δὲ δίκῃς κρίνωσι θέμιστας. 222 ἣ δʼ ἕπεται κλαίουσα πόλιν καὶ ἤθεα λαῶν, 223 ἠέρα ἑσσαμένη, κακὸν ἀνθρώποισι φέρουσα, 224 οἵ τε μιν ἐξελάσωσι καὶ οὐκ ἰθεῖαν ἔνειμαν. 2
25 Οἳ δὲ δίκας ξείνοισι καὶ ἐνδήμοισι διδοῦσιν 226 ἰθείας καὶ μή τι παρεκβαίνουσι δικαίου, 227 τοῖσι τέθηλε πόλις, λαοὶ δʼ ἀνθεῦσιν ἐν αὐτῇ· 228 εἰρήνη δʼ ἀνὰ γῆν κουροτρόφος, οὐδέ ποτʼ αὐτοῖς 229 ἀργαλέον πόλεμον τεκμαίρεται εὐρύοπα Ζεύς· 230 οὐδέ ποτʼ ἰθυδίκῃσι μετʼ ἀνδράσι λιμὸς ὀπηδεῖ 231 οὐδʼ ἄτη, θαλίῃς δὲ μεμηλότα ἔργα νέμονται. 232 τοῖσι φέρει μὲν γαῖα πολὺν βίον, οὔρεσι δὲ δρῦς 233 ἄκρη μέν τε φέρει βαλάνους, μέσση δὲ μελίσσας· 234 εἰροπόκοι δʼ ὄιες μαλλοῖς καταβεβρίθασιν· 235 τίκτουσιν δὲ γυναῖκες ἐοικότα τέκνα γονεῦσιν· 236 θάλλουσιν δʼ ἀγαθοῖσι διαμπερές· οὐδʼ ἐπὶ νηῶν 237 νίσσονται, καρπὸν δὲ φέρει ζείδωρος ἄρουρα.
639 νάσσατο δʼ ἄγχʼ Ἑλικῶνος ὀιζυρῇ ἐνὶ κώμῃ, 640 Ἄσκρῃ, χεῖμα κακῇ, θέρει ἀργαλέῃ, οὐδέ ποτʼ ἐσθλῇ.
649 οὔτε τι ναυτιλίης σεσοφισμένος οὔτε τι νηῶν. 650 οὐ γάρ πώ ποτε νηί γʼ ἐπέπλων εὐρέα πόντον, ' None | sup>
25 Potter hates potter, builder builder, and 26 A beggar bears his fellow-beggar spite, 27 Likewise all singers. Perses, understand 28 My verse, don’t let the evil Strife invite 29 Your heart to shrink from work and make you gaze 30 And listen to the quarrels in the square - 31 No time for quarrels or to spend one’s day 32 In public life when in your granary there 33 Is not stored up a year’s stock of the grain 34 Demeter grants the earth. Get in that store, 35 Then you may wrangle, struggling to obtain 36 Other men’s goods – a chance shall come no more 37 To do this. Let’s set straight our wrangling 38 With Zeus’s laws, so excellent and fair. 39 We split our goods in two, but, capturing 40 The greater part, you carried it from there 41 And praised those kings, bribe-eaters, who adore
111 As well, in silence, for Zeus took away117 High on Olympus first devised a race 118 of gold, existing under Cronus’ reign 119 When he ruled Heaven. There was not a trace 120 of woe among them since they felt no pain; 121 There was no dread old age but, always rude 122 of health, away from grief, they took delight 123 In plenty, while in death they seemed subdued 124 By sleep. Life-giving earth, of its own right, 1
25 Would bring forth plenteous fruit. In harmony 126 They lived, with countless flocks of sheep, at ease 127 With all the gods. But when this progeny 128 Was buried underneath the earth – yet these 129 Live on, land-spirits, holy, pure and blessed, 130 Who guard mankind from evil, watching out 131 For all the laws and heinous deeds, while dressed 132 In misty vapour, roaming all about 133 The land, bestowing wealth, this kingly right 134 Being theirs – a second race the Olympians made, 135 A silver one, far worse, unlike, in sight 136 And mind, the golden, for a young child stayed, 137 A large bairn, in his mother’s custody, 138 Just playing inside for a hundred years. 139 But when they all reached their maturity, 140 They lived a vapid life, replete with tears, 141 Through foolishness, unable to forbear 142 To brawl, spurning the gods, refusing, too, 143 To sacrifice (a law kept everywhere). 144 Then Zeus, since they would not give gods their due, 145 In rage hid them, as did the earth – all men 146 Have called the race Gods Subterranean, 147 Second yet honoured still. A third race then 148 Zeus fashioned out of bronze, quite different than 149 The second, with ash spears, both dread and stout; 150 They liked fell warfare and audacity; 151 They ate no corn, encased about 152 With iron, full invincibility 153 In hands, limbs, shoulders, and the arms they plied 154 Were bronze, their houses, too, their tools; they knew 155 of no black iron. Later, when they died 156 It was self-slaughter – they descended to 157 Chill Hades’ mouldy house, without a name. 158 Yes, black death took them off, although they’d been 159 Impetuous, and they the sun’s bright flame 160 Would see no more, nor would this race be seen 161 Themselves, screened by the earth. Cronus’ son then 162 Fashioned upon the lavish land one more, 163 The fourth, more just and brave – of righteous men, 164 Called demigods. It was the race before 165 Our own upon the boundless earth. Foul war 166 And dreadful battles vanquished some of these, 167 While some in Cadmus’ Thebes, while looking for 168 The flocks of Oedipus, found death. The sea 169 Took others as they crossed to Troy fight 170 For fair-tressed Helen. They were screened as well 171 In death. Lord Zeus arranged it that they might 172 Live far from others. Thus they came to dwell, 173 Carefree, among the blessed isles, content 174 And affluent, by the deep-swirling sea. 175 Sweet grain, blooming three times a year, was sent 176 To them by the earth, that gives vitality 177 To all mankind, and Cronus was their lord, 178 Far from the other gods, for Zeus, who reign 179 Over gods and men, had cut away the cord 180 That bound him. Though the lowest race, its gain 181 Were fame and glory. A fifth progeny 182 All-seeing Zeus produced, who populated 183 The fecund earth. I wish I could not be 184 Among them, but instead that I’d been fated 185 To be born later or be in my grave 186 Already: for it is of iron made. 187 Each day in misery they ever slave, 188 And even in the night they do not fade 189 Away. The gods will give to them great woe 190 But mix good with the bad. Zeus will destroy 191 Them too when babies in their cribs shall grow 192 Grey hair. No bond a father with his boy 193 Shall share, nor guest with host, nor friend with friend – 194 No love of brothers as there was erstwhile, 195 Respect for aging parents at an end. 196 Their wretched children shall with words of bile 197 Find fault with them in their irreverence 198 And not repay their bringing up. We’ll find 199 Cities brought down. There’ll be no deference 200 That’s given to the honest, just and kind. 201 The evil and the proud will get acclaim, 202 Might will be right and shame shall cease to be, 203 The bad will harm the good whom they shall maim 204 With crooked words, swearing false oaths. We’ll see 205 Envy among the wretched, foul of face 206 And voice, adoring villainy, and then 207 Into Olympus from the endless space 208 Mankind inhabits, leaving mortal men, 209 Fair flesh veiled by white robes, shall Probity 210 And Shame depart, and there’ll be grievous pain 211 For men: against all evil there shall be 212 No safeguard. Now I’ll tell, for lords who know 213 What it purports, a fable: once, on high, 214 Clutched in its talon-grip, a bird of prey 215 Took off a speckled nightingale whose cry 216 Was “Pity me”, but, to this bird’s dismay, 217 He said disdainfully: “You silly thing, 218 Why do you cry? A stronger one by far 219 Now has you. Although you may sweetly sing, 220 You go where I decide. Perhaps you are 221 My dinner or perhaps I’ll let you go. 222 A fool assails a stronger, for he’ll be 223 The loser, suffering scorn as well as woe.” 224 Thus spoke the swift-winged bird. Listen to me, 2
25 Perses – heed justice and shun haughtiness; 226 It aids no common man: nobles can’t stay 227 It easily because it will oppre 228 Us all and bring disgrace. The better way 229 Is Justice, who will outstrip Pride at last. 230 Fools learn this by experience because 231 The God of Oaths, by running very fast, 232 Keeps pace with and requites all crooked laws. 233 When men who swallow bribes and crookedly 234 Pass sentences and drag Justice away, 235 There’s great turmoil, and then, in misery 236 Weeping and covered in a misty spray, 237 She comes back to the city, carrying
639 And pour three-fourths of water from the spring, 640 A spring untroubled that will never fade,
649 One who is nursing). You must take good care 650 of your sharp-toothed dog; do not scant his meat ' None |
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3. Homer, Iliad, 2.494-2.640, 2.645-2.724, 2.730-2.759, 9.241, 20.61-20.65 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil Wars • Civil war • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civil war • civilization, Homeric vs. democratic • polis, civilization of • war, civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 39; Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 179; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 238; Jouanna (2018), Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, 150; Roumpou (2023), Ritual and the Poetics of Closure in Flavian Literature. 193; Skempis and Ziogas (2014), Geography, Topography, Landscape: Configurations of Space in Greek and Roman Epic 386; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 39
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2.494 Βοιωτῶν μὲν Πηνέλεως καὶ Λήϊτος ἦρχον 2.495 Ἀρκεσίλαός τε Προθοήνωρ τε Κλονίος τε, 2.496 οἵ θʼ Ὑρίην ἐνέμοντο καὶ Αὐλίδα πετρήεσσαν 2.497 Σχοῖνόν τε Σκῶλόν τε πολύκνημόν τʼ Ἐτεωνόν, 2.498 Θέσπειαν Γραῖάν τε καὶ εὐρύχορον Μυκαλησσόν, 2.499 οἵ τʼ ἀμφʼ Ἅρμʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Εἰλέσιον καὶ Ἐρυθράς, 2.500 οἵ τʼ Ἐλεῶνʼ εἶχον ἠδʼ Ὕλην καὶ Πετεῶνα, 2.501 Ὠκαλέην Μεδεῶνά τʼ ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον, 2.502 Κώπας Εὔτρησίν τε πολυτρήρωνά τε Θίσβην, 2.503 οἵ τε Κορώνειαν καὶ ποιήενθʼ Ἁλίαρτον, 2.504 οἵ τε Πλάταιαν ἔχον ἠδʼ οἳ Γλισᾶντʼ ἐνέμοντο, 2.505 οἵ θʼ Ὑποθήβας εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον, 2.506 Ὀγχηστόν θʼ ἱερὸν Ποσιδήϊον ἀγλαὸν ἄλσος, 2.507 οἵ τε πολυστάφυλον Ἄρνην ἔχον, οἵ τε Μίδειαν 2.508 Νῖσάν τε ζαθέην Ἀνθηδόνα τʼ ἐσχατόωσαν· 2.509 τῶν μὲν πεντήκοντα νέες κίον, ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ 2.510 κοῦροι Βοιωτῶν ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι βαῖνον. 2.511 οἳ δʼ Ἀσπληδόνα ναῖον ἰδʼ Ὀρχομενὸν Μινύειον, 2.512 τῶν ἦρχʼ Ἀσκάλαφος καὶ Ἰάλμενος υἷες Ἄρηος 2.513 οὓς τέκεν Ἀστυόχη δόμῳ Ἄκτορος Ἀζεΐδαο, 2.514 παρθένος αἰδοίη ὑπερώϊον εἰσαναβᾶσα 2.515 Ἄρηϊ κρατερῷ· ὃ δέ οἱ παρελέξατο λάθρῃ· 2.516 τοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο. 2.517 αὐτὰρ Φωκήων Σχεδίος καὶ Ἐπίστροφος ἦρχον 2.518 υἷες Ἰφίτου μεγαθύμου Ναυβολίδαο, 2.519 οἳ Κυπάρισσον ἔχον Πυθῶνά τε πετρήεσσαν 2.520 Κρῖσάν τε ζαθέην καὶ Δαυλίδα καὶ Πανοπῆα, 2.521 οἵ τʼ Ἀνεμώρειαν καὶ Ὑάμπολιν ἀμφενέμοντο, 2.522 οἵ τʼ ἄρα πὰρ ποταμὸν Κηφισὸν δῖον ἔναιον, 2.523 οἵ τε Λίλαιαν ἔχον πηγῇς ἔπι Κηφισοῖο· 2.524 τοῖς δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο. 2.525 οἳ μὲν Φωκήων στίχας ἵστασαν ἀμφιέποντες, 2.526 Βοιωτῶν δʼ ἔμπλην ἐπʼ ἀριστερὰ θωρήσσοντο. 2.527 Λοκρῶν δʼ ἡγεμόνευεν Ὀϊλῆος ταχὺς Αἴας 2.528 μείων, οὔ τι τόσος γε ὅσος Τελαμώνιος Αἴας 2.529 ἀλλὰ πολὺ μείων· ὀλίγος μὲν ἔην λινοθώρηξ, 2.530 ἐγχείῃ δʼ ἐκέκαστο Πανέλληνας καὶ Ἀχαιούς· 2.531 οἳ Κῦνόν τʼ ἐνέμοντʼ Ὀπόεντά τε Καλλίαρόν τε 2.532 Βῆσσάν τε Σκάρφην τε καὶ Αὐγειὰς ἐρατεινὰς 2.533 Τάρφην τε Θρόνιον τε Βοαγρίου ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα· 2.534 τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο 2.535 Λοκρῶν, οἳ ναίουσι πέρην ἱερῆς Εὐβοίης. 2.536 οἳ δʼ Εὔβοιαν ἔχον μένεα πνείοντες Ἄβαντες 2.537 Χαλκίδα τʼ Εἰρέτριάν τε πολυστάφυλόν θʼ Ἱστίαιαν 2.538 Κήρινθόν τʼ ἔφαλον Δίου τʼ αἰπὺ πτολίεθρον, 2.539 οἵ τε Κάρυστον ἔχον ἠδʼ οἳ Στύρα ναιετάασκον, 2.540 τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευʼ Ἐλεφήνωρ ὄζος Ἄρηος 2.541 Χαλκωδοντιάδης μεγαθύμων ἀρχὸς Ἀβάντων. 2.542 τῷ δʼ ἅμʼ Ἄβαντες ἕποντο θοοὶ ὄπιθεν κομόωντες 2.543 αἰχμηταὶ μεμαῶτες ὀρεκτῇσιν μελίῃσι 2.544 θώρηκας ῥήξειν δηΐων ἀμφὶ στήθεσσι· 2.545 τῷ δʼ ἅμα τεσσαράκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο. 2.546 οἳ δʼ ἄρʼ Ἀθήνας εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον 2.547 δῆμον Ἐρεχθῆος μεγαλήτορος, ὅν ποτʼ Ἀθήνη 2.548 θρέψε Διὸς θυγάτηρ, τέκε δὲ ζείδωρος ἄρουρα, 2.549 κὰδ δʼ ἐν Ἀθήνῃς εἷσεν ἑῷ ἐν πίονι νηῷ· 2.550 ἔνθα δέ μιν ταύροισι καὶ ἀρνειοῖς ἱλάονται 2.551 κοῦροι Ἀθηναίων περιτελλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν· 2.552 τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευʼ υἱὸς Πετεῶο Μενεσθεύς. 2.553 τῷ δʼ οὔ πώ τις ὁμοῖος ἐπιχθόνιος γένετʼ ἀνὴρ 2.554 κοσμῆσαι ἵππους τε καὶ ἀνέρας ἀσπιδιώτας· 2.555 Νέστωρ οἶος ἔριζεν· ὃ γὰρ προγενέστερος ἦεν· 2.556 τῷ δʼ ἅμα πεντήκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο. 2.557 Αἴας δʼ ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος ἄγεν δυοκαίδεκα νῆας, 2.558 στῆσε δʼ ἄγων ἵνʼ Ἀθηναίων ἵσταντο φάλαγγες. 2.559 οἳ δʼ Ἄργός τʼ εἶχον Τίρυνθά τε τειχιόεσσαν 2.560 Ἑρμιόνην Ἀσίνην τε, βαθὺν κατὰ κόλπον ἐχούσας, 2.561 Τροιζῆνʼ Ἠϊόνας τε καὶ ἀμπελόεντʼ Ἐπίδαυρον, 2.562 οἵ τʼ ἔχον Αἴγιναν Μάσητά τε κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν, 2.563 τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης 2.564 καὶ Σθένελος, Καπανῆος ἀγακλειτοῦ φίλος υἱός· 2.565 τοῖσι δʼ ἅμʼ Εὐρύαλος τρίτατος κίεν ἰσόθεος φὼς 2.566 Μηκιστέος υἱὸς Ταλαϊονίδαο ἄνακτος· 2.567 συμπάντων δʼ ἡγεῖτο βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Διομήδης· 2.568 τοῖσι δʼ ἅμʼ ὀγδώκοντα μέλαιναι νῆες ἕποντο. 2.569 οἳ δὲ Μυκήνας εἶχον ἐϋκτίμενον πτολίεθρον 2.570 ἀφνειόν τε Κόρινθον ἐϋκτιμένας τε Κλεωνάς, 2.571 Ὀρνειάς τʼ ἐνέμοντο Ἀραιθυρέην τʼ ἐρατεινὴν 2.572 καὶ Σικυῶνʼ, ὅθʼ ἄρʼ Ἄδρηστος πρῶτʼ ἐμβασίλευεν, 2.573 οἵ θʼ Ὑπερησίην τε καὶ αἰπεινὴν Γονόεσσαν 2.574 Πελλήνην τʼ εἶχον ἠδʼ Αἴγιον ἀμφενέμοντο 2.575 Αἰγιαλόν τʼ ἀνὰ πάντα καὶ ἀμφʼ Ἑλίκην εὐρεῖαν, 2.576 τῶν ἑκατὸν νηῶν ἦρχε κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων 2.577 Ἀτρεΐδης· ἅμα τῷ γε πολὺ πλεῖστοι καὶ ἄριστοι 2.578 λαοὶ ἕποντʼ· ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς ἐδύσετο νώροπα χαλκὸν 2.579 κυδιόων, πᾶσιν δὲ μετέπρεπεν ἡρώεσσιν 2.580 οὕνεκʼ ἄριστος ἔην πολὺ δὲ πλείστους ἄγε λαούς. 2.581 οἳ δʼ εἶχον κοίλην Λακεδαίμονα κητώεσσαν, 2.582 Φᾶρίν τε Σπάρτην τε πολυτρήρωνά τε Μέσσην, 2.583 Βρυσειάς τʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Αὐγειὰς ἐρατεινάς, 2.584 οἵ τʼ ἄρʼ Ἀμύκλας εἶχον Ἕλος τʼ ἔφαλον πτολίεθρον, 2.585 οἵ τε Λάαν εἶχον ἠδʼ Οἴτυλον ἀμφενέμοντο, 2.586 τῶν οἱ ἀδελφεὸς ἦρχε βοὴν ἀγαθὸς Μενέλαος 2.587 ἑξήκοντα νεῶν· ἀπάτερθε δὲ θωρήσσοντο· 2.588 ἐν δʼ αὐτὸς κίεν ᾗσι προθυμίῃσι πεποιθὼς 2.589 ὀτρύνων πόλεμον δέ· μάλιστα δὲ ἵετο θυμῷ 2.590 τίσασθαι Ἑλένης ὁρμήματά τε στοναχάς τε. 2.591 οἳ δὲ Πύλον τʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Ἀρήνην ἐρατεινὴν 2.592 καὶ Θρύον Ἀλφειοῖο πόρον καὶ ἐΰκτιτον Αἰπὺ 2.593 καὶ Κυπαρισσήεντα καὶ Ἀμφιγένειαν ἔναιον 2.594 καὶ Πτελεὸν καὶ Ἕλος καὶ Δώριον, ἔνθά τε Μοῦσαι 2.595 ἀντόμεναι Θάμυριν τὸν Θρήϊκα παῦσαν ἀοιδῆς 2.596 Οἰχαλίηθεν ἰόντα παρʼ Εὐρύτου Οἰχαλιῆος· 2.597 στεῦτο γὰρ εὐχόμενος νικησέμεν εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ 2.598 Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν κοῦραι Διὸς αἰγιόχοιο· 2.599 αἳ δὲ χολωσάμεναι πηρὸν θέσαν, αὐτὰρ ἀοιδὴν 2.600 θεσπεσίην ἀφέλοντο καὶ ἐκλέλαθον κιθαριστύν· 2.601 τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε Γερήνιος ἱππότα Νέστωρ· 2.602 τῷ δʼ ἐνενήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο. 2.603 οἳ δʼ ἔχον Ἀρκαδίην ὑπὸ Κυλλήνης ὄρος αἰπὺ 2.604 Αἰπύτιον παρὰ τύμβον ἵνʼ ἀνέρες ἀγχιμαχηταί, 2.605 οἳ Φενεόν τʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Ὀρχομενὸν πολύμηλον 2.606 Ῥίπην τε Στρατίην τε καὶ ἠνεμόεσσαν Ἐνίσπην 2.607 καὶ Τεγέην εἶχον καὶ Μαντινέην ἐρατεινὴν 2.608 Στύμφηλόν τʼ εἶχον καὶ Παρρασίην ἐνέμοντο, 2.609 τῶν ἦρχʼ Ἀγκαίοιο πάϊς κρείων Ἀγαπήνωρ 2.610 ἑξήκοντα νεῶν· πολέες δʼ ἐν νηῒ ἑκάστῃ 2.611 Ἀρκάδες ἄνδρες ἔβαινον ἐπιστάμενοι πολεμίζειν. 2.612 αὐτὸς γάρ σφιν δῶκεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων 2.613 νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους περάαν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον 2.614 Ἀτρεΐδης, ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι θαλάσσια ἔργα μεμήλει. 2.615 οἳ δʼ ἄρα Βουπράσιόν τε καὶ Ἤλιδα δῖαν ἔναιον 2.616 ὅσσον ἐφʼ Ὑρμίνη καὶ Μύρσινος ἐσχατόωσα 2.617 πέτρη τʼ Ὠλενίη καὶ Ἀλήσιον ἐντὸς ἐέργει, 2.618 τῶν αὖ τέσσαρες ἀρχοὶ ἔσαν, δέκα δʼ ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ 2.619 νῆες ἕποντο θοαί, πολέες δʼ ἔμβαινον Ἐπειοί. 2.620 τῶν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἀμφίμαχος καὶ Θάλπιος ἡγησάσθην 2.621 υἷες ὃ μὲν Κτεάτου, ὃ δʼ ἄρʼ Εὐρύτου, Ἀκτορίωνε· 2.622 τῶν δʼ Ἀμαρυγκεΐδης ἦρχε κρατερὸς Διώρης· 2.623 τῶν δὲ τετάρτων ἦρχε Πολύξεινος θεοειδὴς 2.624 υἱὸς Ἀγασθένεος Αὐγηϊάδαο ἄνακτος. 2.625 οἳ δʼ ἐκ Δουλιχίοιο Ἐχινάων θʼ ἱεράων 2.626 νήσων, αἳ ναίουσι πέρην ἁλὸς Ἤλιδος ἄντα, 2.627 τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε Μέγης ἀτάλαντος Ἄρηϊ 2.628 Φυλεΐδης, ὃν τίκτε Διῒ φίλος ἱππότα Φυλεύς, 2.629 ὅς ποτε Δουλίχιον δʼ ἀπενάσσατο πατρὶ χολωθείς· 2.631 αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦγε Κεφαλλῆνας μεγαθύμους, 2.632 οἵ ῥʼ Ἰθάκην εἶχον καὶ Νήριτον εἰνοσίφυλλον 2.633 καὶ Κροκύλειʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Αἰγίλιπα τρηχεῖαν, 2.634 οἵ τε Ζάκυνθον ἔχον ἠδʼ οἳ Σάμον ἀμφενέμοντο, 2.635 οἵ τʼ ἤπειρον ἔχον ἠδʼ ἀντιπέραιʼ ἐνέμοντο· 2.636 τῶν μὲν Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦρχε Διὶ μῆτιν ἀτάλαντος· 2.637 τῷ δʼ ἅμα νῆες ἕποντο δυώδεκα μιλτοπάρῃοι. 2.638 Αἰτωλῶν δʼ ἡγεῖτο Θόας Ἀνδραίμονος υἱός, 2.639 οἳ Πλευρῶνʼ ἐνέμοντο καὶ Ὤλενον ἠδὲ Πυλήνην
2.645 Κρητῶν δʼ Ἰδομενεὺς δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευεν, 2.646 οἳ Κνωσόν τʼ εἶχον Γόρτυνά τε τειχιόεσσαν, 2.647 Λύκτον Μίλητόν τε καὶ ἀργινόεντα Λύκαστον 2.648 Φαιστόν τε Ῥύτιόν τε, πόλεις εὖ ναιετοώσας, 2.649 ἄλλοι θʼ οἳ Κρήτην ἑκατόμπολιν ἀμφενέμοντο. 2.650 τῶν μὲν ἄρʼ Ἰδομενεὺς δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευε 2.651 Μηριόνης τʼ ἀτάλαντος Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀνδρειφόντῃ· 2.653 Τληπόλεμος δʼ Ἡρακλεΐδης ἠΰς τε μέγας τε 2.654 ἐκ Ῥόδου ἐννέα νῆας ἄγεν Ῥοδίων ἀγερώχων, 2.655 οἳ Ῥόδον ἀμφενέμοντο διὰ τρίχα κοσμηθέντες 2.656 Λίνδον Ἰηλυσόν τε καὶ ἀργινόεντα Κάμειρον. 2.657 τῶν μὲν Τληπόλεμος δουρὶ κλυτὸς ἡγεμόνευεν, 2.658 ὃν τέκεν Ἀστυόχεια βίῃ Ἡρακληείῃ, 2.659 τὴν ἄγετʼ ἐξ Ἐφύρης ποταμοῦ ἄπο Σελλήεντος 2.660 πέρσας ἄστεα πολλὰ διοτρεφέων αἰζηῶν. 2.661 Τληπόλεμος δʼ ἐπεὶ οὖν τράφʼ ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ, 2.662 αὐτίκα πατρὸς ἑοῖο φίλον μήτρωα κατέκτα 2.663 ἤδη γηράσκοντα Λικύμνιον ὄζον Ἄρηος· 2.664 αἶψα δὲ νῆας ἔπηξε, πολὺν δʼ ὅ γε λαὸν ἀγείρας 2.665 βῆ φεύγων ἐπὶ πόντον· ἀπείλησαν γάρ οἱ ἄλλοι 2.666 υἱέες υἱωνοί τε βίης Ἡρακληείης. 2.667 αὐτὰρ ὅ γʼ ἐς Ῥόδον ἷξεν ἀλώμενος ἄλγεα πάσχων· 2.668 τριχθὰ δὲ ᾤκηθεν καταφυλαδόν, ἠδὲ φίληθεν 2.669 ἐκ Διός, ὅς τε θεοῖσι καὶ ἀνθρώποισιν ἀνάσσει, 2.670 καί σφιν θεσπέσιον πλοῦτον κατέχευε Κρονίων. 2.671 Νιρεὺς αὖ Σύμηθεν ἄγε τρεῖς νῆας ἐΐσας 2.672 Νιρεὺς Ἀγλαΐης υἱὸς Χαρόποιό τʼ ἄνακτος 2.673 Νιρεύς, ὃς κάλλιστος ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθε 2.674 τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν μετʼ ἀμύμονα Πηλεΐωνα· 2.675 ἀλλʼ ἀλαπαδνὸς ἔην, παῦρος δέ οἱ εἵπετο λαός. 2.676 οἳ δʼ ἄρα Νίσυρόν τʼ εἶχον Κράπαθόν τε Κάσον τε 2.677 καὶ Κῶν Εὐρυπύλοιο πόλιν νήσους τε Καλύδνας, 2.678 τῶν αὖ Φείδιππός τε καὶ Ἄντιφος ἡγησάσθην 2.679 Θεσσαλοῦ υἷε δύω Ἡρακλεΐδαο ἄνακτος· 2.681 νῦν αὖ τοὺς ὅσσοι τὸ Πελασγικὸν Ἄργος ἔναιον, 2.682 οἵ τʼ Ἄλον οἵ τʼ Ἀλόπην οἵ τε Τρηχῖνα νέμοντο, 2.683 οἵ τʼ εἶχον Φθίην ἠδʼ Ἑλλάδα καλλιγύναικα, 2.684 Μυρμιδόνες δὲ καλεῦντο καὶ Ἕλληνες καὶ Ἀχαιοί, 2.685 τῶν αὖ πεντήκοντα νεῶν ἦν ἀρχὸς Ἀχιλλεύς. 2.686 ἀλλʼ οἵ γʼ οὐ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος ἐμνώοντο· 2.687 οὐ γὰρ ἔην ὅς τίς σφιν ἐπὶ στίχας ἡγήσαιτο· 2.688 κεῖτο γὰρ ἐν νήεσσι ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεὺς 2.689 κούρης χωόμενος Βρισηΐδος ἠϋκόμοιο, 2.690 τὴν ἐκ Λυρνησσοῦ ἐξείλετο πολλὰ μογήσας 2.691 Λυρνησσὸν διαπορθήσας καὶ τείχεα Θήβης, 2.692 κὰδ δὲ Μύνητʼ ἔβαλεν καὶ Ἐπίστροφον ἐγχεσιμώρους, 2.693 υἱέας Εὐηνοῖο Σεληπιάδαο ἄνακτος· 2.694 τῆς ὅ γε κεῖτʼ ἀχέων, τάχα δʼ ἀνστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν. 2.695 οἳ δʼ εἶχον Φυλάκην καὶ Πύρασον ἀνθεμόεντα 2.696 Δήμητρος τέμενος, Ἴτωνά τε μητέρα μήλων, 2.697 ἀγχίαλόν τʼ Ἀντρῶνα ἰδὲ Πτελεὸν λεχεποίην, 2.698 τῶν αὖ Πρωτεσίλαος ἀρήϊος ἡγεμόνευε 2.699 ζωὸς ἐών· τότε δʼ ἤδη ἔχεν κάτα γαῖα μέλαινα. 2.700 τοῦ δὲ καὶ ἀμφιδρυφὴς ἄλοχος Φυλάκῃ ἐλέλειπτο 2.701 καὶ δόμος ἡμιτελής· τὸν δʼ ἔκτανε Δάρδανος ἀνὴρ 2.702 νηὸς ἀποθρῴσκοντα πολὺ πρώτιστον Ἀχαιῶν. 2.703 οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδʼ οἳ ἄναρχοι ἔσαν, πόθεόν γε μὲν ἀρχόν· 2.704 ἀλλά σφεας κόσμησε Ποδάρκης ὄζος Ἄρηος 2.705 Ἰφίκλου υἱὸς πολυμήλου Φυλακίδαο 2.706 αὐτοκασίγνητος μεγαθύμου Πρωτεσιλάου 2.707 ὁπλότερος γενεῇ· ὁ δʼ ἅμα πρότερος καὶ ἀρείων 2.708 ἥρως Πρωτεσίλαος ἀρήϊος· οὐδέ τι λαοὶ 2.709 δεύονθʼ ἡγεμόνος, πόθεόν γε μὲν ἐσθλὸν ἐόντα· 2.711 οἳ δὲ Φερὰς ἐνέμοντο παραὶ Βοιβηΐδα λίμνην 2.712 Βοίβην καὶ Γλαφύρας καὶ ἐϋκτιμένην Ἰαωλκόν, 2.713 τῶν ἦρχʼ Ἀδμήτοιο φίλος πάϊς ἕνδεκα νηῶν 2.714 Εὔμηλος, τὸν ὑπʼ Ἀδμήτῳ τέκε δῖα γυναικῶν 2.715 Ἄλκηστις Πελίαο θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστη. 2.716 οἳ δʼ ἄρα Μηθώνην καὶ Θαυμακίην ἐνέμοντο 2.717 καὶ Μελίβοιαν ἔχον καὶ Ὀλιζῶνα τρηχεῖαν, 2.718 τῶν δὲ Φιλοκτήτης ἦρχεν τόξων ἐῢ εἰδὼς 2.719 ἑπτὰ νεῶν· ἐρέται δʼ ἐν ἑκάστῃ πεντήκοντα 2.720 ἐμβέβασαν τόξων εὖ εἰδότες ἶφι μάχεσθαι. 2.721 ἀλλʼ ὃ μὲν ἐν νήσῳ κεῖτο κρατέρʼ ἄλγεα πάσχων 2.722 Λήμνῳ ἐν ἠγαθέῃ, ὅθι μιν λίπον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν 2.723 ἕλκεϊ μοχθίζοντα κακῷ ὀλοόφρονος ὕδρου· 2.724 ἔνθʼ ὅ γε κεῖτʼ ἀχέων· τάχα δὲ μνήσεσθαι ἔμελλον
2.730 οἵ τʼ ἔχον Οἰχαλίην πόλιν Εὐρύτου Οἰχαλιῆος, 2.731 τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγείσθην Ἀσκληπιοῦ δύο παῖδε 2.732 ἰητῆρʼ ἀγαθὼ Ποδαλείριος ἠδὲ Μαχάων· 2.734 οἳ δʼ ἔχον Ὀρμένιον, οἵ τε κρήνην Ὑπέρειαν, 2.735 οἵ τʼ ἔχον Ἀστέριον Τιτάνοιό τε λευκὰ κάρηνα, 2.736 τῶν ἦρχʼ Εὐρύπυλος Εὐαίμονος ἀγλαὸς υἱός· 2.738 οἳ δʼ Ἄργισσαν ἔχον καὶ Γυρτώνην ἐνέμοντο, 2.739 Ὄρθην Ἠλώνην τε πόλιν τʼ Ὀλοοσσόνα λευκήν, 2.740 τῶν αὖθʼ ἡγεμόνευε μενεπτόλεμος Πολυποίτης 2.741 υἱὸς Πειριθόοιο τὸν ἀθάνατος τέκετο Ζεύς· 2.742 τόν ῥʼ ὑπὸ Πειριθόῳ τέκετο κλυτὸς Ἱπποδάμεια 2.743 ἤματι τῷ ὅτε Φῆρας ἐτίσατο λαχνήεντας, 2.744 τοὺς δʼ ἐκ Πηλίου ὦσε καὶ Αἰθίκεσσι πέλασσεν· 2.745 οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷ γε Λεοντεὺς ὄζος Ἄρηος 2.746 υἱὸς ὑπερθύμοιο Κορώνου Καινεΐδαο· 2.748 Γουνεὺς δʼ ἐκ Κύφου ἦγε δύω καὶ εἴκοσι νῆας· 2.749 τῷ δʼ Ἐνιῆνες ἕποντο μενεπτόλεμοί τε Περαιβοὶ 2.750 οἳ περὶ Δωδώνην δυσχείμερον οἰκίʼ ἔθεντο, 2.751 οἵ τʼ ἀμφʼ ἱμερτὸν Τιταρησσὸν ἔργα νέμοντο 2.752 ὅς ῥʼ ἐς Πηνειὸν προΐει καλλίρροον ὕδωρ, 2.753 οὐδʼ ὅ γε Πηνειῷ συμμίσγεται ἀργυροδίνῃ, 2.754 ἀλλά τέ μιν καθύπερθεν ἐπιρρέει ἠΰτʼ ἔλαιον· 2.755 ὅρκου γὰρ δεινοῦ Στυγὸς ὕδατός ἐστιν ἀπορρώξ. 2.756 Μαγνήτων δʼ ἦρχε Πρόθοος Τενθρηδόνος υἱός, 2.757 οἳ περὶ Πηνειὸν καὶ Πήλιον εἰνοσίφυλλον 2.758 ναίεσκον· τῶν μὲν Πρόθοος θοὸς ἡγεμόνευε,
9.241 στεῦται γὰρ νηῶν ἀποκόψειν ἄκρα κόρυμβα
20.61 ἔδεισεν δʼ ὑπένερθεν ἄναξ ἐνέρων Ἀϊδωνεύς, 20.62 δείσας δʼ ἐκ θρόνου ἆλτο καὶ ἴαχε, μή οἱ ὕπερθε 20.63 γαῖαν ἀναρρήξειε Ποσειδάων ἐνοσίχθων, 20.64 οἰκία δὲ θνητοῖσι καὶ ἀθανάτοισι φανείη 20.65 σμερδαλέʼ εὐρώεντα, τά τε στυγέουσι θεοί περ·' ' None | sup>
2.494 and a voice unwearying, and though the heart within me were of bronze, did not the Muses of Olympus, daughters of Zeus that beareth the aegis, call to my mind all them that came beneath Ilios. Now will I tell the captains of the ships and the ships in their order.of the Boeotians Peneleos and Leïtus were captains, 2.495 and Arcesilaus and Prothoënor and Clonius; these were they that dwelt in Hyria and rocky Aulis and Schoenus and Scolus and Eteonus with its many ridges, Thespeia, Graea, and spacious Mycalessus; and that dwelt about Harma and Eilesium and Erythrae; 2.500 and that held Eleon and Hyle and Peteon, Ocalea and Medeon, the well-built citadel, Copae, Eutresis, and Thisbe, the haunt of doves; that dwelt in Coroneia and grassy Haliartus, and that held Plataea and dwelt in Glisas; 2.505 that held lower Thebe, the well-built citadel, and holy Onchestus, the bright grove of Poseidon; and that held Arne, rich in vines, and Mideia and sacred Nisa and Anthedon on the seaboard. of these there came fifty ships, and on board of each 2.510 /went young men of the Boeotians an hundred and twenty. 2.514 went young men of the Boeotians an hundred and twenty. And they that dwelt in Aspledon and Orchomenus of the Minyae were led by Ascalaphus and Ialmenus, sons of Ares, whom, in the palace of Actor, son of Azeus, Astyoche, the honoured maiden, conceived of mighty Ares, when she had entered into her upper chamber; 2.515 for he lay with her in secret. And with these were ranged thirty hollow ships.And of the Phocians Schedius and Epistrophus were captains, sons of great-souled Iphitus, son of Naubolus; these were they that held Cyparissus and rocky Pytho, 2.520 and sacred Crisa and Daulis and Panopeus; and that dwelt about Anemoreia and Hyampolis, and that lived beside the goodly river Cephisus, and that held Lilaea by the springs of Cephisus. With these followed forty black ships. 2.525 And their leaders busily marshalled the ranks of the Phocians, and made ready for battle hard by the Boeotians on the left.And the Loerians had as leader the swift son of Oïleus, Aias the less, in no wise as great as Telamonian Aias, but far less. Small of stature was he, with corselet of linen, 2.530 /but with the spear he far excelled the whole host of Hellenes and Achaeans. These were they that dwelt in Cynus and Opus and Calliarus and Bessa and Scarphe and lovely Augeiae and Tarphe and Thronium about the streams of Boagrius. With Aias followed forty black ships of 2.535 the Locrians that dwell over against sacred Euboea.And the Abantes, breathing fury, that held Euboea and Chalcis and Eretria and Histiaea, rich in vines, and Cerinthus, hard by the sea, and the steep citadel of Dios; and that held Carystus and dwelt in Styra,— 2.540 all these again had as leader Elephenor, scion of Ares, him that was son of Chalcodon and captain of the great-souled Abantes. And with him followed the swift Abantes, with hair long at the back, spearmen eager with outstretched ashen spears to rend the corselets about the breasts of the foemen. 2.545 /And with him there followed forty black ships. 2.549 And with him there followed forty black ships. And they that held Athens, the well-built citadel, the land of great-hearted Erechtheus, whom of old Athene, daughter of Zeus, fostered, when the earth, the giver of grain, had borne him; and she made him to dwell in Athens, in her own rich sanctuary, 2.550 and there the youths of the Athenians, as the years roll on in their courses, seek to win his favour with sacrifices of bulls and rams;—these again had as leader Menestheus, son of Peteos. Like unto him was none other man upon the face of the earth for the marshalling of chariots and of warriors that bear the shield. 2.555 Only Nestor could vie with him, for he was the elder. And with him there followed fifty black ships.And Aias led from Salamis twelve ships, and stationed them where the battalions of the Athenians stood.And they that held Argos and Tiryns, famed for its walls, 2.560 and Hermione and Asine, that enfold the deep gulf, Troezen and Eïonae and vine-clad Epidaurus, and the youths of the Achaeans that held Aegina and Mases,—these again had as leaders Diomedes, good at the war-cry, and Sthenelus, dear son of glorious Capaneus. 2.565 And with them came a third, Euryalus, a godlike warrior, son of king Mecisteus, son of Talaus; but leader over them all was Diomedes, good at the war-cry. And with these there followed eighty black ships.And they that held Mycenae, the well-built citadel, 2.570 and wealthy Corinth, and well-built Cleonae, and dwelt in Orneiae and lovely Araethyrea and Sicyon, wherein at the first Adrastus was king; and they that held Hyperesia and steep Gonoessa and Pellene, 2.575 and that dwelt about Aegium and throughout all Aegialus, and about broad Helice,—of these was the son of Atreus, lord Agamemnon, captain, with an hundred ships. With him followed most people by far and goodliest; and among them he himself did on his gleaming bronze, a king all-glorious, and was pre-eminent among all the warriors, 2.580 for that he was noblest, and led a people far the most in number. 2.584 for that he was noblest, and led a people far the most in number. And they that held the hollow land of Lacedaemon with its many ravines, and Pharis and Sparta and Messe, the haunt of doves, and that dwelt in Bryseiae and lovely Augeiae, and that held Amyclae and Helus, a citadel hard by the sea, ' "2.585 and that held Laas, and dwelt about Oetylus,—these were led by Agamemnon's brother, even Menelaus, good at the war-cry, with sixty ships; and they were marshalled apart. And himself he moved among them, confident in his zeal, urging his men to battle; and above all others was his heart fain " "2.590 to get him requital for his strivings and groanings for Helen's sake.And they that dwelt in Pylos and lovely Arene and Thryum, the ford of Alpheius, and fair-founded Aepy, and that had their abodes in Cyparisseïs and Amphigeneia and Pteleos and Helus and Dorium, " "2.594 to get him requital for his strivings and groanings for Helen's sake.And they that dwelt in Pylos and lovely Arene and Thryum, the ford of Alpheius, and fair-founded Aepy, and that had their abodes in Cyparisseïs and Amphigeneia and Pteleos and Helus and Dorium, " '2.595 where the Muses met Thamyris the Thracian and made an end of his singing, even as he was journeying from Oechalia, from the house of Eurytus the Oechalian: for he vaunted with boasting that he would conquer, were the Muses themselves to sing against him, the daughters of Zeus that beareth the aegis; but they in their wrath maimed him, 2.600 and took from him his wondrous song, and made him forget his minstrelsy;—all these folk again had as leader the horseman, Nestor of Gerenia. And with him were ranged ninety hollow ships.And they that held Arcadia beneath the steep mountain of Cyllene, beside the tomb of Aepytus, where are warriors that fight in close combat; 2.605 and they that dwelt in Pheneos and Orchomenus, rich in flocks, and Rhipe and Stratia and wind-swept Enispe; and that held Tegea and lovely Mantineia; and that held Stymphalus and dwelt in Parrhasia, —all these were led by the son of Ancaeus, Lord Agapenor, 2.610 with sixty ships; and on each ship embarked full many Arcadian warriors well-skilled in fight. For of himself had the king of men, Agamemnon, given them benched ships wherewith to cross over the wine-dark sea, even the son of Atreus, for with matters of seafaring had they naught to do. 2.615 And they that dwelt in Buprasium and goodly Elis, all that part thereof that Hyrmine and Myrsinus on the seaboard and the rock of Olen and Alesium enclose between them—these again had four leaders, and ten swift ships followed each one, and many Epeians embarked thereon. 2.619 And they that dwelt in Buprasium and goodly Elis, all that part thereof that Hyrmine and Myrsinus on the seaboard and the rock of Olen and Alesium enclose between them—these again had four leaders, and ten swift ships followed each one, and many Epeians embarked thereon. ' "2.620 of these some were led by Amphimachus and Thalpius, of the blood of Actor, sons, the one of Cteatus and the other of Eurytus; and of some was the son of Amarynceus captain, even mighty Diores; and of the fourth company godlike Polyxeinus was captain, son of king Agasthenes, Augeias' son. " "2.624 of these some were led by Amphimachus and Thalpius, of the blood of Actor, sons, the one of Cteatus and the other of Eurytus; and of some was the son of Amarynceus captain, even mighty Diores; and of the fourth company godlike Polyxeinus was captain, son of king Agasthenes, Augeias' son. " '2.625 And those from Dulichiuni and the Echinae, the holy isles, that lie across the sea, over against Elis, these again had as leader Meges, the peer of Ares, even the son of Phyleus, whom the horseman Phyleus, dear to Zeus, begat—he that of old had gone to dwell in Dulichium in wrath against his father. 2.630 And with Meges there followed forty black ships.And Odysseus led the great-souled Cephallenians that held Ithaca and Neritum, covered with waving forests, and that dwelt in Crocyleia and rugged Aegilips; and them that held Zacynthus, and that dwelt about Samos, 2.634 And with Meges there followed forty black ships.And Odysseus led the great-souled Cephallenians that held Ithaca and Neritum, covered with waving forests, and that dwelt in Crocyleia and rugged Aegilips; and them that held Zacynthus, and that dwelt about Samos, ' "2.635 and held the mainland and dwelt on the shores over against the isles. of these was Odysseus captain, the peer of Zeus in counsel. And with him there followed twelve ships with vermilion prows.And the Aetolians were led by Thoas, Andraemon's son, even they that dwelt in Pleuron and Olenus and Pylene and Chalcis, hard by the sea, and rocky Calydon. For the sons of great-hearted Oeneus were no more, neither did he himself still live, and fair-haired Meleager was dead, to whom had commands been given that he should bear full sway among the Aetolians. And with Thoas there followed forty black ships. " "2.639 and held the mainland and dwelt on the shores over against the isles. of these was Odysseus captain, the peer of Zeus in counsel. And with him there followed twelve ships with vermilion prows.And the Aetolians were led by Thoas, Andraemon's son, even they that dwelt in Pleuron and Olenus and Pylene and Chalcis, hard by the sea, and rocky Calydon. For the sons of great-hearted Oeneus were no more, neither did he himself still live, and fair-haired Meleager was dead, to whom had commands been given that he should bear full sway among the Aetolians. And with Thoas there followed forty black ships. " 2.645 And the Cretans had as leader Idomeneus, famed for his spear, even they that held Cnosus and Gortys, famed for its walls, Lyctus and Miletus and Lycastus, white with chalk, and Phaestus and Rhytium, well-peopled cities; and all they beside that dwelt in Crete of the hundred cities. 2.650 of all these was Idomeneus, famed for his spear, captain, and Meriones, the peer of Enyalius, slayer of men. And with these there followed eighty black ships. 2.654 of all these was Idomeneus, famed for his spear, captain, and Meriones, the peer of Enyalius, slayer of men. And with these there followed eighty black ships. And Tlepolemus, son of Heracles, a valiant man and tall, led from Rhodes nine ships of the lordly Rhodians, 2.655 that dwelt in Rhodes sundered in three divisions—in Lindos and Ialysus and Cameirus, white with chalk. These were led by Tlepolemus, famed for his spear, he that was born to mighty Heracles by Astyocheia, whom he had led forth out of Ephyre from the river Selleïs, 2.659 that dwelt in Rhodes sundered in three divisions—in Lindos and Ialysus and Cameirus, white with chalk. These were led by Tlepolemus, famed for his spear, he that was born to mighty Heracles by Astyocheia, whom he had led forth out of Ephyre from the river Selleïs, ' "2.660 when he had laid waste many cities of warriors fostered of Zeus. But when Tlepolemus had grown to manhood in the well-fenced palace, forthwith he slew his own father's dear uncle, Licymnius, scion of Ares, who was then waxing old. So he straightway built him ships, and when he had gathered together much people, " "2.664 when he had laid waste many cities of warriors fostered of Zeus. But when Tlepolemus had grown to manhood in the well-fenced palace, forthwith he slew his own father's dear uncle, Licymnius, scion of Ares, who was then waxing old. So he straightway built him ships, and when he had gathered together much people, " '2.665 went forth in flight over the sea, for that the other sons and grandsons of mighty Heracles threatened him. But he came to Rhodes in his wanderings, suffering woes, and there his people settled in three divisions by tribes, and were loved of Zeus that is king among gods and men; 2.670 and upon them was wondrous wealth poured by the son of Cronos.Moreover Nireus led three shapely ships from Syme, Nireus that was son of Aglaïa and Charops the king, Nireus the comeliest man that came beneath Ilios of all the Danaans after the fearless son of Peleus. 2.675 Howbeit he was a weakling, and but few people followed with him.And they that held Nisyrus and Crapathus and Casus and Cos, the city of Eurypylus, and the Calydnian isles, these again were led by Pheidippus and Antiphus, the two sons of king Thessalus, son of Heracles. 2.680 And with them were ranged thirty hollow ships.Now all those again that inhabited Pelasgian Argos, and dwelt in Alos and Alope and Trachis, and that held Phthia and Hellas, the land of fair women, and were called Myrmidons and Hellenes and Achaeans— 2.685 of the fifty ships of these men was Achilles captain. Howbeit they bethought them not of dolorous war, since there was no man to lead them forth into the ranks. For he lay in idleness among the ships, the swift-footed, goodly Achilles, in wrath because of the fair-haired girl Briseïs, 2.689 of the fifty ships of these men was Achilles captain. Howbeit they bethought them not of dolorous war, since there was no man to lead them forth into the ranks. For he lay in idleness among the ships, the swift-footed, goodly Achilles, in wrath because of the fair-haired girl Briseïs, ' "2.690 whom he had taken out of Lyrnessus after sore toil, when he wasted Lyrnessus and the walls of Thebe, and laid low Mynes and Epistrophus, warriors that raged with the spear, sons of king Evenus, Selepus' son. In sore grief for her lay Achilles idle; but soon was he to arise again. " "2.694 whom he had taken out of Lyrnessus after sore toil, when he wasted Lyrnessus and the walls of Thebe, and laid low Mynes and Epistrophus, warriors that raged with the spear, sons of king Evenus, Selepus' son. In sore grief for her lay Achilles idle; but soon was he to arise again. " '2.695 And they that held Phylace and flowery Pyrasus, the sanctuary of Demeter, and Iton, mother of flocks, and Antron, hard by the sea, and Pteleos, couched in grass, these again had as leader warlike Protesilaus, while yet he lived; howbeit ere now the black earth held him fast. 2.700 His wife, her two cheeks torn in wailing, was left in Phylace and his house but half established, while, for himself, a Dardanian warrior slew him as he leapt forth from his ship by far the first of the Achaeans. Yet neither were his men leaderless, though they longed for their leader; for Podarces, scion of Ares, marshalled them, 2.704 His wife, her two cheeks torn in wailing, was left in Phylace and his house but half established, while, for himself, a Dardanian warrior slew him as he leapt forth from his ship by far the first of the Achaeans. Yet neither were his men leaderless, though they longed for their leader; for Podarces, scion of Ares, marshalled them, ' "2.705 he that was son of Phylacus' son, Iphiclus, rich in flocks, own brother to great-souled Protesilaus, and younger-born; but the other was the elder and the better man, even the warrior, valiant Protesilaus. So the host in no wise lacked a leader, though they longed for the noble man they had lost. " "2.709 he that was son of Phylacus' son, Iphiclus, rich in flocks, own brother to great-souled Protesilaus, and younger-born; but the other was the elder and the better man, even the warrior, valiant Protesilaus. So the host in no wise lacked a leader, though they longed for the noble man they had lost. " '2.710 And with him there followed forty black ships.And they that dwelt in Pherae beside the lake Boebeïs, and in Boebe, and Glaphyrae, and well-built Iolcus, these were led by the dear son of Admetus with eleven ships, even by Eumelus, whom Alcestis, queenly among women, bare to Admetus, 2.715 even she, the comeliest of the daughters of Pelias.And they that dwelt in Methone and Thaumacia, and that held Meliboea and rugged Olizon, these with their seven ships were led by Philoctetes, well-skilled in archery, 2.720 and on each ship embarked fifty oarsmen well skilled to fight amain with the bow. But Philoctetes lay suffering grievous pains in an island, even in sacred Lemnos, where the sons of the Achaeans had left him in anguish with an evil wound from a deadly water-snake. There he lay suffering; 2.720 yet full soon were the Argives beside their ships to bethink them of king Philoctetes. Howbeit neither were these men leaderless, though they longed for their leader; but Medon marshalled them, the bastard son of Oïleus, whom Rhene bare to Oïleus, sacker of cities.And they that held Tricca and Ithome of the crags,
2.730 and Oechalia, city of Oechalian Eurytus, these again were led by the two sons of Asclepius, the skilled leeches Podaleirius and Machaon. And with these were ranged thirty hollow ships. 2.734 and Oechalia, city of Oechalian Eurytus, these again were led by the two sons of Asclepius, the skilled leeches Podaleirius and Machaon. And with these were ranged thirty hollow ships. And they that held Ormenius and the fountain Hypereia, 2.735 and that held Asterium and the white crests of Titanus, these were led by Eurypylus, the glorious son of Euaemon. And with him there followed forty black ships.And they that held Argissa, and dwelt in Gyrtone, Orthe, and Elone, and the white city of Oloösson, 2.740 these again had as leader Polypoetes, staunch in fight, son of Peirithous, whom immortal Zeus begat— even him whom glorious Hippodameia conceived to Peirithous on the day when he got him vengeance on the shaggy centaurs, and thrust them forth from Pelium, and drave them to the Aethices. 2.744 these again had as leader Polypoetes, staunch in fight, son of Peirithous, whom immortal Zeus begat— even him whom glorious Hippodameia conceived to Peirithous on the day when he got him vengeance on the shaggy centaurs, and thrust them forth from Pelium, and drave them to the Aethices. ' "2.745 Not alone was he, but with him was Leonteus, scion of Ares, the son of Caenus' son, Coronus, high of heart. And with them there followed forty black ships.And Gouneus led from Cyphus two and twenty ships, and with him followed the Enienes and the Peraebi, staunch in fight, " "2.749 Not alone was he, but with him was Leonteus, scion of Ares, the son of Caenus' son, Coronus, high of heart. And with them there followed forty black ships.And Gouneus led from Cyphus two and twenty ships, and with him followed the Enienes and the Peraebi, staunch in fight, " '2.750 that had set their dwellings about wintry Dodona, and dwelt in the ploughland about lovely Titaressus, that poureth his fair-flowing streams into Peneius; yet doth he not mingle with the silver eddies of Peneius, but floweth on over his waters like unto olive oil; 2.755 for that he is a branch of the water of Styx, the dread river of oath.And the Magnetes had as captain Prothous, son of Tenthredon. These were they that dwelt about Peneius and Pelion, covered with waving forests. of these was swift Prothous captain; and with him there followed forty black ships. 2.759 for that he is a branch of the water of Styx, the dread river of oath.And the Magnetes had as captain Prothous, son of Tenthredon. These were they that dwelt about Peneius and Pelion, covered with waving forests. of these was swift Prothous captain; and with him there followed forty black ships. ' "
9.241 His prayer is that with all speed sacred Dawn may appear, for he declareth that he will hew from the ships' sterns the topmost ensigns, and burn the very hulls with consuming fire, and amidst them make havoc of the Achaeans, distraught by reason of the smoke. " 20.61 and all her peaks, and the city of the Trojans, and the ships of the Achaeans. And seized with fear in the world below was Aidoneus, lord of the shades, and in fear leapt he from his throne and cried aloud, lest above him the earth be cloven by Poseidon, the Shaker of Earth, and his abode be made plain to view for mortals and immortals- 20.65 the dread and dank abode, wherefor the very gods have loathing: so great was the din that arose when the gods clashed in strife. For against king Poseidon stood Phoebus Apollo with his winged arrows, and against Enyalius the goddess, flashing-eyed Athene; ' ' None |
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4. None, None, nan (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil Wars, and Punic Wars • civil war
Found in books: Giusti (2018), Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries, 206; Keith and Myers (2023), Vergil and Elegy. 97
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5. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 1036-1038, 1190, 1280 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil Wars, and Punic Wars • civic space • civil wars, as subject of poetry • identity, in Eur. Ion, Athens, civic and religious • tragedy, and civic space
Found in books: Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 80; Giusti (2018), Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries, 233; Meinel (2015), Pollution and Crisis in Greek Tragedy, 176; Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 184
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1036 ἐπεί σʼ ἔθηκε Ζεὺς ἀμηνίτως δόμοις'1037 κοινωνὸν εἶναι χερνίβων, πολλῶν μέτα 1038 δούλων σταθεῖσαν κτησίου βωμοῦ πέλας·
1190 δύσπεμπτος ἔξω, συγγόνων Ἐρινύων.
1280 ἥξει γὰρ ἡμῶν ἄλλος αὖ τιμάορος, ' None | sup>
1036 Since Zeus — not angrily—in household placed thee '1037 Partaker of hand-sprinklings, with the many 1038 Slaves stationed, his the Owner’s altar close to.
1190 — Hard to be sent outside — of sister Furies:
1280 The mother-slaying scion, father’s doomsman: ' None |
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6. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 436-471 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Argo, civilizing voyage of
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 165; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 165
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436 μή τοι χλιδῇ δοκεῖτε μηδʼ αὐθαδίᾳ'437 σιγᾶν με· συννοίᾳ δὲ δάπτομαι κέαρ, 438 ὁρῶν ἐμαυτὸν ὧδε προυσελούμενον. 439 καίτοι θεοῖσι τοῖς νέοις τούτοις γέρα 440 τίς ἄλλος ἢ ʼγὼ παντελῶς διώρισεν; 441 ἀλλʼ αὐτὰ σιγῶ· καὶ γὰρ εἰδυίαισιν ἂν 442 ὑμῖν λέγοιμι· τἀν βροτοῖς δὲ πήματα 443 ἀκούσαθʼ, ὥς σφας νηπίους ὄντας τὸ πρὶν 444 ἔννους ἔθηκα καὶ φρενῶν ἐπηβόλους. 445 λέξω δέ, μέμψιν οὔτινʼ ἀνθρώποις ἔχων, 446 ἀλλʼ ὧν δέδωκʼ εὔνοιαν ἐξηγούμενος· 447 οἳ πρῶτα μὲν βλέποντες ἔβλεπον μάτην, 448 κλύοντες οὐκ ἤκουον, ἀλλʼ ὀνειράτων 449 ἀλίγκιοι μορφαῖσι τὸν μακρὸν βίον 450 ἔφυρον εἰκῇ πάντα, κοὔτε πλινθυφεῖς 451 δόμους προσείλους, ᾖσαν, οὐ ξυλουργίαν· 452 κατώρυχες δʼ ἔναιον ὥστʼ ἀήσυροι 453 μύρμηκες ἄντρων ἐν μυχοῖς ἀνηλίοις. 454 ἦν δʼ οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς οὔτε χείματος τέκμαρ 455 οὔτʼ ἀνθεμώδους ἦρος οὔτε καρπίμου 456 θέρους βέβαιον, ἀλλʼ ἄτερ γνώμης τὸ πᾶν 457 ἔπρασσον, ἔστε δή σφιν ἀντολὰς ἐγὼ 458 ἄστρων ἔδειξα τάς τε δυσκρίτους δύσεις. 459 καὶ μὴν ἀριθμόν, ἔξοχον σοφισμάτων, 460 ἐξηῦρον αὐτοῖς, γραμμάτων τε συνθέσεις, 461 μνήμην ἁπάντων, μουσομήτορʼ ἐργάνην. 462 κἄζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα 463 ζεύγλαισι δουλεύοντα σάγμασὶν θʼ, ὅπως 464 θνητοῖς μεγίστων διάδοχοι μοχθημάτων 465 γένοινθʼ, ὑφʼ ἅρμα τʼ ἤγαγον φιληνίους 466 ἵππους, ἄγαλμα τῆς ὑπερπλούτου χλιδῆς. 467 θαλασσόπλαγκτα δʼ οὔτις ἄλλος ἀντʼ ἐμοῦ 468 λινόπτερʼ ηὗρε ναυτίλων ὀχήματα. 469 τοιαῦτα μηχανήματʼ ἐξευρὼν τάλας 470 βροτοῖσιν, αὐτὸς οὐκ ἔχω σόφισμʼ ὅτῳ 471 τῆς νῦν παρούσης πημονῆς ἀπαλλαγῶ. Χορός ' None | sup>
436 No, do not think it is from pride or even from wilfulness that I am silent. Painful thoughts devour my heart as I behold myself maltreated in this way. And yet who else but I definitely assigned '437 No, do not think it is from pride or even from wilfulness that I am silent. Painful thoughts devour my heart as I behold myself maltreated in this way. And yet who else but I definitely assigned 440 their prerogatives to these upstart gods? But I do not speak of this; for my tale would tell you nothing except what you know. Still, listen to the miseries that beset mankind—how they were witless before and I made them have sense and endowed them with reason. 445 I will not speak to upbraid mankind but to set forth the friendly purpose that inspired my blessing. First of all, though they had eyes to see, they saw to no avail; they had ears, but they did not understand ; but, just as shapes in dreams, throughout their length of days, 450 without purpose they wrought all things in confusion. They had neither knowledge of houses built of bricks and turned to face the sun nor yet of work in wood; but dwelt beneath the ground like swarming ants, in sunless caves. They had no sign either of winter 455 or of flowery spring or of fruitful summer, on which they could depend but managed everything without judgment, until I taught them to discern the risings of the stars and their settings, which are difficult to distinguish. Yes, and numbers, too, chiefest of sciences, 460 I invented for them, and the combining of letters, creative mother of the Muses’ arts, with which to hold all things in memory. I, too, first brought brute beasts beneath the yoke to be subject to the collar and the pack-saddle, so that they might bear in men’s stead their 465 heaviest burdens; and to the chariot I harnessed horses and made them obedient to the rein, to be an image of wealth and luxury. It was I and no one else who invented the mariner’s flaxen-winged car that roams the sea. Wretched that I am—such are the arts I devised 470 for mankind, yet have myself no cunning means to rid me of my present suffering. Chorus ' None |
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7. None, None, nan (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Athens, civilizing mission of • civic space
Found in books: Parker (2005), Polytheism and Society at Athens, 86; Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 166
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8. None, None, nan (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Rhodes, integration of elite and civic concerns • Thebes, elites forging civic and regional integration • excellence, civic • insular, local (often civic) • insular, regional vs. local (civic) • stasis (civil strive)
Found in books: Eisenfeld (2022), Pindar and Greek Religion Theologies of Mortality in the Victory Odes, 45, 46; Kowalzig (2007), Singing for the Gods: Performances of Myth and Ritual in Archaic and Classical Greece, 130, 384
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9. None, None, nan (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Rhodes, integration of elite and civic concerns • civic life • ideology, civic and/or democratic, not Athenian • insular, local (often civic) • stasis (civil strive)
Found in books: Kowalzig (2007), Singing for the Gods: Performances of Myth and Ritual in Archaic and Classical Greece, 248, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 265, 266; Steiner (2001), Images in Mind: Statues in Archaic and Classical Greek Literature and Thought, 265
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10. Euripides, Medea, 1-13 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 123; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 123
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1 Εἴθ' ὤφελ' ̓Αργοῦς μὴ διαπτάσθαι σκάφος"2 Κόλχων ἐς αἶαν κυανέας Συμπληγάδας,' "3 μηδ' ἐν νάπαισι Πηλίου πεσεῖν ποτε" "4 τμηθεῖσα πεύκη, μηδ' ἐρετμῶσαι χέρας" '5 ἀνδρῶν ἀριστέων οἳ τὸ πάγχρυσον δέρος' "6 Πελίᾳ μετῆλθον. οὐ γὰρ ἂν δέσποιν' ἐμὴ" "7 Μήδεια πύργους γῆς ἔπλευς' ̓Ιωλκίας" "8 ἔρωτι θυμὸν ἐκπλαγεῖς' ̓Ιάσονος:" "9 οὐδ' ἂν κτανεῖν πείσασα Πελιάδας κόρας" "
10 πατέρα κατῴκει τήνδε γῆν Κορινθίαν
1
1 &λτ;φίλων τε τῶν πρὶν ἀμπλακοῦσα καὶ πάτρας.&γτ;' "
12 &λτ;καὶ πρὶν μὲν εἶχε κἀνθάδ' οὐ μεμπτὸν βίον&γτ;" 13 ξὺν ἀνδρὶ καὶ τέκνοισιν, ἁνδάνουσα μὲν ' None | sup>
1 Ah! would to Heaven the good ship Argo ne’er had sped its course to the Colchian land through the misty blue Symplegades, nor ever in the glens of Pelion the pine been felled to furnish with oars the chieftain’s hands,'2 Ah! would to Heaven the good ship Argo ne’er had sped its course to the Colchian land through the misty blue Symplegades, nor ever in the glens of Pelion the pine been felled to furnish with oars the chieftain’s hands, 5 who went to fetch the golden fleece for Pelias; for then would my own mistress Medea never have sailed to the turrets of Iolcos, her soul with love for Jason smitten, nor would she have beguiled the daughters of Pelia
10 to slay their father and come to live here in the land of Corinth with her husband and children, where her exile found favour with the citizens to whose land she had come, and in all things of her own accord was she at one with Jason, the greatest safeguard thi ' None |
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11. Euripides, Suppliant Women, 201 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civilization, origins of • civilisation, in the Greeks opinion
Found in books: Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 96; Van der Horst (2014), Studies in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity, 183
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201 αἰνῶ δ' ὃς ἡμῖν βίοτον ἐκ πεφυρμένου"" None | sup>
201 for if it were not so, we should not exist. He hath my praise, whoe’er of gods brought us to live by rule from chaos and from brutishness, first by implanting reason, and next by giving us a tongue to declare our thoughts, so as to2 know the meaning of what is said,'' None |
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12. Herodotus, Histories, 1.68, 1.146-1.147, 4.26, 4.28, 8.5 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Artemis, political assemblies and civic life, association with • Civic addresses • Civilization, origins of • Forms of address,, civic • Thebes, elites forging civic and regional integration • civic • civic cults • civil discord • civil war • identity, civic, and ethnic purity • ideology, civic and/or democratic, not Athenian • insular, regional vs. local (civic) • justice and political life, association of Artemis with political assemblies and civic life • stasis (civil strive) • stasis (civil strive), healed in song • war, civil war
Found in books: Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 35; Gorman, Gorman (2014), Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature. 105; Kowalzig (2007), Singing for the Gods: Performances of Myth and Ritual in Archaic and Classical Greece, 151, 387; Meinel (2015), Pollution and Crisis in Greek Tragedy, 183, 184; Michalopoulos et al. (2021), The Rhetoric of Unity and Division in Ancient Literature, 83; Simon, Zeyl, and Shapiro, (2021), The Gods of the Greeks, 174; Skempis and Ziogas (2014), Geography, Topography, Landscape: Configurations of Space in Greek and Roman Epic 456; Sweeney (2013), Foundation Myths and Politics in Ancient Ionia, 160; Van der Horst (2014), Studies in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity, 183; Wolfsdorf (2020), Early Greek Ethics, 551
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1.68 τούτων ὦν τῶν ἀνδρῶν Λίχης ἀνεῦρε ἐν Τεγέῃ καὶ συντυχίῃ χρησάμενος καὶ σοφίῃ. ἐούσης γὰρ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον ἐπιμιξίης πρὸς τοὺς Τεγεήτας, ἐλθὼν ἐς χαλκήιον ἐθηεῖτο σίδηρον ἐξελαυνόμενον, καὶ ἐν θώματι ἦν ὀρέων τὸ ποιεόμενον. μαθὼν, δέ μιν ὁ χαλκεὺς ἀποθωμάζοντα εἶπε παυσάμενος τοῦ ἔργου “ἦ κου ἄν, ὦ ξεῖνε Λάκων εἴ περ εἶδες τό περ ἐγώ, κάρτα ἂν ἐθώμαζες, ὅκου νῦν οὕτω τυγχάνεις θῶμα ποιεύμενος τὴν ἐργασίην τοῦ σιδήρου. ἐγὼ γὰρ ἐν τῇδε θέλων τῇ αὐλῇ φρέαρ ποιήσασθαι, ὀρύσσων ἐπέτυχον σορῷ ἑπταπήχεϊ· ὑπὸ δὲ ἀπιστίης μὴ μὲν γενέσθαι μηδαμὰ μέζονας ἀνθρώπους τῶν νῦν ἄνοιξα αὐτὴν καὶ εἶδον τὸν νεκρὸν μήκεϊ ἴσον ἐόντα τῇ σορῷ· μετρήσας δὲ συνέχωσα ὀπίσω.” ὃ μὲν δή οἱ ἔλεγε τά περ ὀπώπεε, ὁ δὲ ἐννώσας τὰ λεγόμενα συνεβάλλετο τὸν Ὀρέστεα κατὰ τὸ θεοπρόπιον τοῦτον εἶναι, τῇδε συμβαλλόμενος· τοῦ χαλκέος δύο ὁρέων φύσας τοὺς ἀνέμους εὕρισκε ἐόντας, τὸν δὲ ἄκμονα καὶ τὴν σφῦραν τόν τε τύπον καὶ τὸν ἀντίτυπον, τὸν δὲ ἐξελαυνόμενον σίδηρον τὸ πῆμα ἐπὶ πήματι κείμενον, κατὰ τοιόνδε τι εἰκάζων, ὡς ἐπὶ κακῷ ἀνθρώπου σίδηρος ἀνεύρηται. συμβαλόμενος δὲ ταῦτα καὶ ἀπελθὼν ἐς Σπάρτην ἔφραζε Λακεδαιμονίοσσι πᾶν τὸ πρῆγμα. οἳ δὲ ἐκ λόγου πλαστοῦ ἐπενείκαντὲς οἱ αἰτίην ἐδίωξαν. ὁ δὲ ἀπικόμενος ἐς Τεγέην καὶ φράζων τὴν ἑωυτοῦ συμφορὴν πρὸς τὸν χαλκέα ἐμισθοῦτο παρʼ οὐκ ἐκδιδόντος τὴν αὐλήν· χρόνῳ δὲ ὡς ἀνέγνωσε, ἐνοικίσθη, ἀνορύξας δὲ τὸν τάφον καὶ τὰ ὀστέα συλλέξας οἴχετο φέρων ἐς Σπάρτην. καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου τοῦ χρόνου, ὅκως πειρῴατο ἀλλήλων, πολλῷ κατυπέρτεροι τῷ πολέμῳ ἐγίνοντο οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι· ἤδη δέ σφι καὶ ἡ πολλὴ τῆς Πελοποννήσου ἦν κατεστραμμένη.
1.146 τούτων δὴ εἵνεκα καὶ οἱ Ἴωνες δυώδεκα πόλιας ἐποιήσαντο· ἐπεὶ ὥς γέ τι μᾶλλον οὗτοι Ἴωνες εἰσὶ τῶν ἄλλων Ἰώνων ἢ κάλλιόν τι γεγόνασι, μωρίη πολλὴ λέγειν· τῶν Ἄβαντες μὲν ἐξ Εὐβοίες εἰσὶ οὐκ ἐλαχίστη μοῖρα, τοῖσι Ἰωνίης μέτα οὐδὲ τοῦ οὐνόματος οὐδέν, Μινύαι δὲ Ὀρχομένιοί σφι ἀναμεμίχαται καὶ Καδμεῖοι καὶ Δρύοπες καὶ Φωκέες ἀποδάσμιοι καὶ Μολοσσοὶ καὶ Ἀρκάδες Πελασγοὶ καὶ Δωριέες Ἐπιδαύριοι, ἄλλα τε ἔθνεα πολλὰ ἀναμεμίχαται· οἱ δὲ αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ πρυτανηίου τοῦ Ἀθηναίων ὁρμηθέντες καὶ νομίζοντες γενναιότατοι εἶναι Ἰώνων, οὗτοι δὲ οὐ γυναῖκας ἠγάγοντο ἐς τὴν ἀποικίην ἀλλὰ Καείρας ἔσχον, τῶν ἐφόνευσαν τοὺς γονέας. διὰ τοῦτὸν δὲ τὸν φόνον αἱ γυναῖκες αὗται νόμον θέμεναι σφίσι αὐτῇσι ὅρκους ἐπήλασαν καὶ παρέδοσαν τῇσι θυγατράσι, μή κοτε ὁμοσιτῆσαι τοῖσι ἀνδράσι μηδὲ οὐνόματι βῶσαι τὸν ἑωυτῆς ἄνδρα, τοῦδε εἵνεκα ὅτι ἐφόνευσαν σφέων τοὺς πατέρας καὶ ἄνδρας καὶ παῖδας καὶ ἔπειτα ταῦτα ποιήσαντες αὐτῇσι συνοίκεον. 1.147 ταῦτα δὲ ἦν γινόμενα ἐν Μιλήτῳ. βασιλέας δὲ ἐστήσαντο οἳ μὲν αὐτῶν Λυκίους ἀπὸ Γλαύκου τοῦ Ἱππολόχου γεγονότας, οἳ δὲ Καύκωνας Πυλίους ἀπὸ Κόδρου τοῦ Μελάνθου, οἳ δὲ καὶ συναμφοτέρους. ἀλλὰ γὰρ περιέχονται τοῦ οὐνόματος μᾶλλόν τι τῶν ἄλλων Ἰώνων, ἔστωσαν δὴ καὶ οἱ καθαρῶς γεγονότες Ἴωνες. εἰσὶ δὲ πάντες Ἴωνες ὅσοι ἀπʼ Ἀθηνέων γεγόνασι καὶ Ἀπατούρια ἄγουσι ὁρτήν. ἄγουσι δὲ πάντες πλὴν Ἐφεσίων καὶ Κολοφωνίων· οὗτοι γὰρ μοῦνοι Ἰώνων οὐκ ἄγουσι Ἀπατούρια, καὶ οὗτοι κατὰ φόνου τινὰ σκῆψιν.
4.26 νόμοισι δὲ Ἰσσηδόνες τοῖσιδε λέγονται χρᾶσθαι. ἐπεὰν ἀνδρὶ ἀποθάνῃ πατήρ, οἱ προσήκοντες πάντες προσάγουσι πρόβατα, καὶ ἔπειτα ταῦτα θύσαντες καὶ καταταμόντες τὰ κρέα κατατάμνουσι καὶ τὸν τοῦ δεκομένου τεθνεῶτα γονέα, ἀναμίξαντες δὲ πάντα τὰ κρέα δαῖτα προτίθενται· τὴν δὲ κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ ψιλώσαντες καὶ ἐκκαθήραντες καταχρυσοῦσι καὶ ἔπειτα ἅτε ἀγάλματι χρέωνται, θυσίας μεγάλας ἐπετείους ἐπιτελέοντες. παῖς δὲ πατρὶ τοῦτο ποιέει, κατά περ Ἕλληνες τὰ γενέσια. ἄλλως δὲ δίκαιοι καὶ οὗτοι λέγονται εἶναι, ἰσοκρατέες δὲ ὁμοίως αἱ γυναῖκες τοῖσι ἀνδράσι.
4.28 δυσχείμερος δὲ αὕτη ἡ καταλεχθεῖσα πᾶσα χώρη οὕτω δή τι ἐστί, ἔνθα τοὺς μὲν ὀκτὼ τῶν μηνῶν ἀφόρητος οἷος γίνεται κρυμός, ἐν τοῖσι ὕδωρ ἐκχέας πηλὸν οὐ ποιήσεις, πῦρ δὲ ἀνακαίων ποιήσεις πηλόν· 1 ἡ δὲ θάλασσα πήγνυται καὶ ὁ Βόσπορος πᾶς ὁ Κιμμέριος, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ κρυστάλλου οἱ ἐντὸς τάφρου Σκύθαι κατοικημένοι στρατεύονται καὶ τὰς ἁμάξας ἐπελαύνουσι πέρην ἐς τοὺς Σίνδους. οὕτω μὲν δὴ τοὺς ὀκτὼ μῆνας διατελέει χειμὼν ἐών, τοὺς δʼ ἐπιλοίπους τέσσερας ψύχεα αὐτόθι ἐστί. κεχώρισται δὲ οὗτος ὁ χειμὼν τοὺς τρόπους πᾶσι τοῖσι ἐν ἄλλοισι χωρίοισι γινομένοισι χειμῶσι, ἐν τῷ τὴν μὲν ὡραίην οὐκ ὕει λόγου ἄξιον οὐδέν, τὸ δὲ θέρος ὕων οὐκ ἀνιεῖ· βρονταί τε ἦμος τῇ ἄλλῃ γίνονται, τηνικαῦτα μὲν οὐ γίνονται, θέρεος δὲ ἀμφιλαφέες· ἢν δὲ χειμῶνος βροντὴ γένηται, ὡς τέρας νενόμισται θωμάζεσθαι. ὣς δὲ καὶ ἢν σεισμὸς γένηται ἤν τε θέρεος ἤν τε χειμῶνος ἐν τῇ Σκυθικῇ, τέρας νενόμισται. ἵπποι δὲ ἀνεχόμενοι φέρουσι τὸν χειμῶνα τοῦτον, ἡμίονοι δὲ οὐδὲ ὄνοι οὐκ ἀνέχονται ἀρχήν· τῇ δὲ ἄλλῃ ἵπποι μὲν ἐν κρυμῷ ἑστεῶτες ἀποσφακελίζουσι, ὄνοι δὲ καὶ ἡμίονοι ἀνέχονται.' ' None | sup>
1.68 It was Lichas, one of these men, who found the tomb in Tegea by a combination of luck and skill. At that time there was free access to Tegea, so he went into a blacksmith's shop and watched iron being forged, standing there in amazement at what he saw done. ,The smith perceived that he was amazed, so he stopped what he was doing and said, “My Laconian guest, if you had seen what I saw, then you would really be amazed, since you marvel so at ironworking. ,I wanted to dig a well in the courtyard here, and in my digging I hit upon a coffin twelve feet long. I could not believe that there had ever been men taller than now, so I opened it and saw that the corpse was just as long as the coffin. I measured it and then reburied it.” So the smith told what he had seen, and Lichas thought about what was said and reckoned that this was Orestes, according to the oracle. ,In the smith's two bellows he found the winds, hammer and anvil were blow upon blow, and the forging of iron was woe upon woe, since he figured that iron was discovered as an evil for the human race. ,After reasoning this out, he went back to Sparta and told the Lacedaemonians everything. They made a pretence of bringing a charge against him and banishing him. Coming to Tegea, he explained his misfortune to the smith and tried to rent the courtyard, but the smith did not want to lease it. ,Finally he persuaded him and set up residence there. He dug up the grave and collected the bones, then hurried off to Sparta with them. Ever since then the Spartans were far superior to the Tegeans whenever they met each other in battle. By the time of Croesus' inquiry, the Spartans had subdued most of the Peloponnese . " 1.146 For this reason, and for no other, the Ionians too made twelve cities; for it would be foolishness to say that these are more truly Ionian or better born than the other Ionians; since not the least part of them are Abantes from Euboea, who are not Ionians even in name, and there are mingled with them Minyans of Orchomenus, Cadmeans, Dryopians, Phocian renegades from their nation, Molossians, Pelasgian Arcadians, Dorians of Epidaurus, and many other tribes; ,and as for those who came from the very town-hall of Athens and think they are the best born of the Ionians, these did not bring wives with them to their settlements, but married Carian women whose parents they had put to death. ,For this slaughter, these women made a custom and bound themselves by oath (and enjoined it on their daughters) that no one would sit at table with her husband or call him by his name, because the men had married them after slaying their fathers and husbands and sons. This happened at Miletus . 1.147 And as kings, some of them chose Lycian descendants of Glaucus son of Hippolochus, and some Caucones of Pylus, descendants of Codrus son of Melanthus, and some both. Yet since they set more store by the name than the rest of the Ionians, let it be granted that those of pure birth are Ionians; ,and all are Ionians who are of Athenian descent and keep the feast
4.26 It is said to be the custom of the Issedones that, whenever a man's father dies, all the nearest of kin bring beasts of the flock and, having killed these and cut up the flesh, they also cut up the dead father of their host, and set out all the flesh mixed together for a feast. ,As for his head, they strip it bare and clean and gild it, and keep it for a sacred relic, to which they offer solemn sacrifice yearly. Every son does this for his father, just like the Greeks in their festivals in honor of the dead. In other respects, these are said to be a law-abiding people, too, and the women to have equal power with the men. " 4.28 All the aforesaid country is exceedingly cold: for eight months of every year there is unbearable frost, and during these you do not make mud by pouring out water but by lighting a fire; the sea freezes, as does all the Cimmerian Bosporus; and the Scythians living on this side of the trench lead armies over the ice, and drive their wagons across to the land of the Sindi. ,So it is winter for eight months, and cold in that country for the four that remain. Here, there is a different sort of winter than the winters in other lands: for in the season for rain scarcely any falls, but all summer it rains unceasingly; ,and when there are thunderstorms in other lands, here there are none, but in summer there are plenty of them; if there is a thunderstorm in winter they are apt to wonder at it as at a portent. And so, too, if there is an earthquake summer or winter, it is considered a portent in Scythia. ,Horses have the endurance to bear the Scythian winter; mules and asses cannot bear it at all; and yet in other lands, while asses and mules can endure frost, horses that stand in it are frostbitten.' " None |
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13. Plato, Theaetetus, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Self-, civic -knowledge • Virtue, civic • civic/political virtues
Found in books: Joosse (2021), Olympiodorus of Alexandria: Exegete, Teacher, Platonic Philosopher, 111, 113; d'Hoine and Martijn (2017), All From One: A Guide to Proclus, 264
| 173c γὰρ εὖ τοῦτο εἴρηκας, ὅτι οὐχ ἡμεῖς οἱ ἐν τῷ τοιῷδε χορεύοντες τῶν λόγων ὑπηρέται, ἀλλʼ οἱ λόγοι ἡμέτεροι ὥσπερ οἰκέται, καὶ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν περιμένει ἀποτελεσθῆναι ὅταν ἡμῖν δοκῇ· οὔτε γὰρ δικαστὴς οὔτε θεατὴς ὥσπερ ποιηταῖς ἐπιτιμήσων τε καὶ ἄρξων ἐπιστατεῖ παρʼ ἡμῖν. ΣΩ. λέγωμεν δή, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἐπεὶ σοί γε δοκεῖ, περὶ τῶν κορυφαίων· τί γὰρ ἄν τις τούς γε φαύλως διατρίβοντας ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ λέγοι; οὗτοι δέ που ἐκ νέων πρῶτον μὲν εἰς'' None | 173c SOC. Very well, that is quite appropriate, since it is your wish; and let us speak of the leaders; for why should anyone talk about the inferior philosophers? The leaders, in the first place, from their youth up, remain ignorant of the way to the agora,'' None |
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14. Sophocles, Antigone, 162-163, 167, 182-184, 189-191, 454-455, 794, 800-801, 1101 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Rome, and civil war • Thebes, and civil war • boundaries, and civic space • civil war • community, civic • space, in S. Ant,civic
Found in books: Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 74; Kirichenko (2022), Greek Literature and the Ideal: The Pragmatics of Space from the Archaic to the Hellenistic Age, 102, 103; Martin (2009), Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes, 51; Meinel (2015), Pollution and Crisis in Greek Tragedy, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95
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162 My fellow citizens! First, the gods, after tossing the fate of our city on wild waves, have once more righted it. Second, I have ordered you through my messengers to come here
167 apart from all the rest, because I knew, first of all, how constant was your reverence for the power of the throne of Laius; how, again, you were reverent, when Oedipus was guiding our city; and lastly, how, when he was dead, you still maintained loyal thoughts towards his children.
182 but because of some fear keeps his lips locked, then, in my judgment, he is and has long been the most cowardly traitor. And if any man thinks a friend more important than his fatherland, that man, I say, is of no account. Zeus, god who sees all things always, be my witness—
189 I would not be silent if I saw ruin, instead of safety, marching upon the citizens. Nor would I ever make a man who is hostile to my country a friend to myself, because I know this, that our country is the ship that bears us safe, and that only when 190 we sail her on a straight course can we make true friends. Such are the rules by which I strengthen this city. Akin to these is the edict which I have now published to the citizenry concerning the sons of Oedipus: Eteocles, who fell fighting
454 Yes, since it was not Zeus that published me that edict, and since not of that kind are the laws which Justice who dwells with the gods below established among men. Nor did I think that your decrees were of such force, that a mortal could override the unwritten 455 and unfailing statutes given us by the gods. For their life is not of today or yesterday, but for all time, and no man knows when they were first put forth. Not for fear of any man’s pride was I about to owe a penalty to the gods for breaking these.
794 You seize the minds of just men and drag them to injustice, to their ruin. You it is who have incited this conflict of men whose flesh and blood are one.
800 For in all this divine Aphrodite plays her irresistible game. 801 But now, witnessing this, I too am carried beyond the bounds of loyalty. The power fails me to keep back my streaming tears any longer, when I see Antigone making her way to the chamber where all are laid to rest,
1101 Go and free the girl from her hollowed chamber. Then raise a tomb for the unburied dead.'' None |
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15. Xenophon, Hellenica, 1.7.22, 2.4.20 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • community, civic • identity, in Eur. Ion, Athens, civic and religious • stasis, cf. civil war strategos
Found in books: Martin (2009), Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes, 51, 60; Meinel (2015), Pollution and Crisis in Greek Tragedy, 176; Riess (2012), Performing interpersonal violence: court, curse, and comedy in fourth-century BCE Athens, 96
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1.7.22 Or if you do not wish to do this, try them under the following law, which applies to temple-robbers and traitors: namely, if anyone shall be a traitor to the state or shall steal sacred property, he shall be tried before a court, and if he be convicted, he shall not be buried in Attica, and his property shall be confiscated.
2.4.20 And Cleocritus, the herald of the initiated, i.e. in the Eleusinian mysteries. a man with a very fine voice, obtained silence and said: Fellow citizens, why do you drive us out of the city? why do you wish to kill us? For we never did you any harm, but we have shared with you in the most solemn rites and sacrifices and the most splendid festivals, we have been companions in the dance and schoolmates and comrades in arms, and we have braved many dangers with you both by land and by sea in defense of the 404 B.C. common safety and freedom of us both.'' None |
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16. Xenophon, On Household Management, 4.21 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • civilisation/civilization • war, civil war
Found in books: Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 259; Papadodima (2022), Ancient Greek Literature and the Foreign: Athenian Dialogues II, 21
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4.21 Now Lysander admired the beauty of the trees in it, the accuracy of the spacing, the straightness of the rows, the regularity of the angles and the multitude of the sweet scents that clung round them as they walked; and for wonder of these things he cried, Cyrus , I really do admire all these lovely things, but I am far more impressed with your agent’s skill in measuring and arranging everything so exactly.'' None |
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17. None, None, nan (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • civil conflict (stasis) • public finance, civic
Found in books: Ebrey and Kraut (2022), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, 2nd ed, 52; Gygax and Zuiderhoek (2021), Benefactors and the Polis: The Public Gift in the Greek Cities from the Homeric World to Late Antiquity, 76
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18. Aeschines, Letters, 1.23 (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • civil strife • identity, civic, and ethnic purity • identity, in Eur. Ion, Athens, civic, and ritual purity • lustral basins, and civic space
Found in books: Meinel (2015), Pollution and Crisis in Greek Tragedy, 182; Raaflaub Ober and Wallace (2007), Origins of Democracy in Ancient Greece, 65
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1.23 After the purifying sacrifice has been carried round“It was custom at Athens to purify the ecclesia, the theatres, and the gatherings of the people in general by the sacrifice of very small pigs, which they named kaqa/rsia.”—Harpocration and the herald has offered the traditional prayers, the presiding officers are commanded to declare to be next in order the discussion of matters pertaining to the national religion, the reception of heralds and ambassadors, and the discussion of secular matters.The above interpretation is confirmed by Aristot. Const. Ath. 43.1.29 f., where we find the same phraseology, evidently that of the law itself. Heralds, whose person was inviolate even in time of war, were often sent to carry messages from one state to another. They frequently prepared the way for negotiations to be conducted by ambassadors, appointed for the special occasion. The herald then asks, “Who of those above fifty years of age wishes to address the assembly?” When all these have spoken, he then invites any other Athenian to speak who wishes (provided such privileges belongs to him).That is, any citizen who is not disqualified by some loss of civic privilege inflicted as a penalty. Aeschines has in mind the fact that a man like Timarchus would not have the privilege. '' None |
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19. None, None, nan (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 37, 40, 48; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 37, 40, 48
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20. None, None, nan (4th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civil war • discordia (as civil war) • ensis (as signifier of civil war) • war, civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 36, 37, 38, 43, 44, 120; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 38, 247; Gee (2013), Aratus and the Astronomical Tradition, 48, 49, 50; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 36, 37, 38, 43, 44, 120
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21. None, None, nan (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Caesar, Julius, Commentarii De Bello Civili • Christianity, civic pride in the apostle Paul • Thessalonika, Christian civic pride
Found in books: Joseph (2022), Thunder and Lament: Lucan on the Beginnings and Ends of Epic, 26; Nasrallah (2019), Archaeology and the Letters of Paul, 253
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22. None, None, nan (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civic addresses • Forms of address,, civic • community, civic, dikasts as part of
Found in books: Martin (2009), Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes, 77, 79; Michalopoulos et al. (2021), The Rhetoric of Unity and Division in Ancient Literature, 91
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23. None, None, nan (3rd cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Argo, civilizing voyage of • Rome, and civil war • Thebes, and civil war • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civil war • war, civil war
Found in books: Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 74; Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 33, 39, 40, 45, 48, 114, 118, 119, 123, 125, 126, 127, 130, 132, 133, 161, 162, 165; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 96; Skempis and Ziogas (2014), Geography, Topography, Landscape: Configurations of Space in Greek and Roman Epic 464; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 33, 39, 40, 45, 48, 114, 118, 119, 123, 125, 126, 127, 130, 132, 133, 161, 162, 165
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24. Cicero, On The Nature of The Gods, 2.8, 2.89 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civil war • theology, civic
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 115; König and Whitton (2018), Roman Literature under Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian: Literary Interactions, AD 96–138 150; Mackey (2022), Belief and Cult: Rethinking Roman Religion, 128; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 115
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2.8 Caelius writes that Gaius Flaminius after ignoring the claims of religion fell at the battle of Trasimene, when a serious blow was inflicted on the state. The fate of these men may serve to indicate that our empire was won by those commanders who obeyed the dictates of religion. Moreover if we care to compare our national characteristics with those of foreign peoples, we shall find that, while in all other respects we are only the equals or even the inferiors of others, yet in the sense of religion, that is, in reverence for the gods, we are far superior. ' "
2.89 Just as the shield in Accius who had never seen a ship before, on descrying in the distance from his mountain‑top the strange vessel of the Argonauts, built by the gods, in his first amazement and alarm cries out: so huge a bulk Glides from the deep with the roar of a whistling wind: Waves roll before, and eddies surge and swirl; Hurtling headlong, it snort and sprays the foam. Now might one deem a bursting storm-cloud rolled, Now that a rock flew skyward, flung aloft By wind and storm, or whirling waterspout Rose from the clash of wave with warring wave; Save 'twere land-havoc wrought by ocean-flood, Or Triton's trident, heaving up the roots of cavernous vaults beneath the billowy sea, Hurled from the depth heaven-high a massy crag. At first he wonders what the unknown creature that he beholds may be. Then when he sees the warriors and hears the singing of the sailors, he goes on: the sportive dolphins swift Forge snorting through the foam — and so on and so on — Brings to my ears and hearing such a tune As old Silvanus piped. "' None |
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25. Cicero, On Duties, 1.54 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Lucan Bellum civile • Lucan Bellum civile, families in • citizenship, civil wars (first century bc), casualties of • civil wars • civil wars, and family • death of first spouse, impact of civil wars and proscriptions • families, and civil wars
Found in books: Fertik (2019), The Ruler's House: Contesting Power and Privacy in Julio-Claudian Rome, 22; Hug (2023), Fertility, Ideology, and the Cultural Politics of Reproduction at Rome, 144; Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 286
sup>
1.54 Nam cum sit hoc natura commune animantium, ut habeant libidinem procreandi, prima societas in ipso coniugio est, proxima in liberis, deinde una domus, communia omnia; id autem est principium urbis et quasi seminarium rei publicae. Sequuntur fratrum coniunctiones, post consobrinorum sobrinorumque, qui cum una domo iam capi non possint, in alias domos tamquam in colonias exeunt. Sequuntur conubia et affinitates, ex quibus etiam plures propinqui; quae propagatio et suboles origo est rerum publicarum. Sanguinis autem coniunctio et benivolentia devincit homines et caritate;'' None | sup>
1.54 \xa0For since the reproductive instinct is by Nature's gift the common possession of all living creatures, the first bond of union is that between husband and wife; the next, that between parents and children; then we find one home, with everything in common. And this is the foundation of civil government, the nursery, as it were, of the state. Then follow the bonds between brothers and sisters, and next those of first and then of second cousins; and when they can no longer be sheltered under one roof, they go out into other homes, as into colonies. Then follow between these in turn, marriages and connections by marriage, and from these again a new stock of relations; and from this propagation and after-growth states have their beginnings. The bonds of common blood hold men fast through good-will and affection; <"" None |
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26. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil War, between Caesar and Pompey • law, civil
Found in books: Ando and Ruepke (2006), Religion and Law in Classical and Christian Rome, 21; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 66
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27. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Caesar, C. Julius, role in civil wars • Pompey, Cn. Magnus, role in civil war • war, civil war
Found in books: Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 243, 259, 266; Nelsestuen (2015), Varro the Agronomist: Political Philosophy, Satire, and Agriculture in the Late Republic. 205, 206, 210, 276
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28. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 36; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 36
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29. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • civil war • theology, civic
Found in books: Mackey (2022), Belief and Cult: Rethinking Roman Religion, 128; Mueller (2002), Roman Religion in Valerius Maximus, 180
|
30. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Caesar, C. Julius, role in civil wars • Pompey, Cn. Magnus, role in civil war • war, civil war
Found in books: Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 38, 242, 259; Nelsestuen (2015), Varro the Agronomist: Political Philosophy, Satire, and Agriculture in the Late Republic. 3
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31. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil War, Second • Iulius Caesar, C., and Cicero in civil war • civil war
Found in books: Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 69; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 35
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32. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil War, between Caesar and Pompey • civil war • civil war, as death • civil war, discordia
Found in books: Poulsen (2021), Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography, 241; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 175; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 59; Walters (2020), Imagery of the Body Politic in Ciceronian Rome, 89
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33. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Curia (Senate-House), during civil unrest • Forum, during civil unrest • Vergil, civil war • civil war • movement in the city, during civil unrest
Found in books: Duffalo (2006), The Ghosts of the Past: Latin Literature, the Dead, and Rome's Transition to a Principate. 51; Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 160
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34. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • civil war • civil wars
Found in books: Duffalo (2006), The Ghosts of the Past: Latin Literature, the Dead, and Rome's Transition to a Principate. 64; Pandey (2018), The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome, 47
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35. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • citizenship, civil wars (first century bc), casualties of • death of first spouse, impact of civil wars and proscriptions • law, civil
Found in books: Ando and Ruepke (2006), Religion and Law in Classical and Christian Rome, 53; Hug (2023), Fertility, Ideology, and the Cultural Politics of Reproduction at Rome, 144
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36. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Julius Caesar, C., victory in civil war as salus • civil war • civil war, as death
Found in books: Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 59; Walters (2020), Imagery of the Body Politic in Ciceronian Rome, 90
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37. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • civil war • movement in the city, during civil unrest
Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 165; Keeline (2018), The Cambridge Companion to Cicero's Philosophy, 160
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38. Catullus, Poems, 64.1-64.7, 64.13-64.14 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Argo, civilizing voyage of • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 115, 165; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 115, 165
| sup>
64.1 Pine-trees gendered whilome upon soaring Peliac summit 64.2 Swam (as the tale is told) through liquid surges of Neptune 64.3 Far as the Phasis-flood and frontier-land Aeetean; 64.4 Whenas the youths elect, of Argive vigour the oak-heart, 64.5 Longing the Golden Fleece of the Colchis-region to harry, 64.6 Dared in a poop swift-paced to span salt seas and their shallows, 64.7 Sweeping the deep blue seas with sweeps a-carven of fir-wood.
64.13 While the oar-tortured wave with spumy whiteness was blanching,
64.14 Surged from the deep abyss and hoar-capped billows the face'' None |
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39. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 1.1.3, 4.41, 4.45 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civic rhetoric
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 114, 117; Konig and Wiater (2022), Late Hellenistic Greek Literature in Dialogue, 164; König and Wiater (2022), Late Hellenistic Greek Literature in Dialogue, 164; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 114, 117
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4.41 1. \xa0First of all, in the vicinity of Mount Pelion he built a ship which far surpassed in its size and in its equipment in general any vessel known in those days, since the men of that time put to sea on rafts or in very small boats. Consequently those who saw the ship at the time were greatly astonished, and when the report was noised about throughout Greece both of the exploit of the enterprise of building the ship, no small number of the youths of prominence were eager to take part in the expedition.,2. \xa0Jason, then, after he had launched the ship and fitted it out in brilliant fashion with everything which would astonish the mind, picked out the most renowned chieftains from those who were eager to share his plan, with the result that the whole number of those in his company amounted to fifty-four. of these the most famous were Castor and Polydeuces, Heracles and Telamon, Orpheus and Atalantê the daughter of Schoeneus, and the sons of Thespius, and the leader himself who was setting out on the voyage to Colchis.,3. \xa0The vessel was called Argo after Argus, as some writers of myths record, who was the master-builder of the ship and went along on the voyage in order to repair the parts of the vessel as they were strained from time to time, but, as some say, after its exceeding great swiftness, since the ancients called what is swift Argos. Now after the chieftains had gathered together they chose Heracles to be their general, preferring him because of his courage.
4.45 1. \xa0Since it is the task of history to inquire into the reasons for this slaying of strangers, we must discuss these reasons briefly, especially since the digression on this subject will be appropriate in connection with the deeds of the Argonauts. We are told, that is, that Helius had two sons, Aeëtes and Perses, Aeëtes being king of Colchis and the other king of the Tauric Chersonese, and that both of them were exceedingly cruel.,2. \xa0And Perses had a daughter Hecatê, who surpassed her father in boldness and lawlessness; she was also fond of hunting, and with she had no luck she would turn her arrows upon human beings instead of the beasts.,3. \xa0Being likewise ingenious in the mixing of deadly poisons she discovered the drug called aconite and tried out the strength of each poison by mixing it in the food given to the strangers.,4. \xa0And since she possessed great experience in such matters she first of all poisoned her father and so succeeded to the throne, and then, founding a temple of Artemis and commanding that strangers who landed there should be sacrificed to the goddess, she became known far and wide for her cruelty.,5. \xa0After this she married Aeëtes and bore two daughters, Circê and Medea, and a son Aegialeus.,6. \xa0Although Circê also, it is said, devoted herself to the devising of all kinds of drugs and discovered roots of all manner of natures and potencies such as are difficult to credit, yet, notwithstanding that she was taught by her mother Hecatê about not a\xa0few drugs, she discovered by her own study a far greater number, so that she left to the other woman no superiority whatever in the matter of devising uses of drugs.,7. \xa0She was given in marriage to the king of the Sarmatians, whom some call Scythians, and first she poisoned her husband and after that, succeeding to the throne, she committed many cruel and violent acts against her subjects.,8. \xa0For this reason she was deposed from her throne and, according to some writers of myths, fled to the ocean, where she seized a desert island, and there established herself with the women who had fled with her, though according to some historians she left the Pontus and settled in Italy on a promontory which to this day bears after her the name Circaeum.' ' None |
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40. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.89-1.101, 1.103-1.136, 1.138-1.150, 2.81, 2.241, 2.252-2.253, 2.259, 4.670-4.678, 4.680-4.687, 4.689-4.701, 4.703-4.715, 4.717-4.723, 4.725-4.727, 4.729-4.734, 6.721, 15.745-15.774, 15.776-15.786, 15.788-15.799, 15.801-15.810, 15.812-15.827, 15.829-15.835, 15.837-15.842, 15.871-15.879 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Argo, civilizing voyage of • Caesar, Julius, Commentarii De Bello Civili • Civil war • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civic participation • civil war • civil wars • evokes Roman civil war • war, civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 115, 121, 123, 164; Braund and Most (2004), Ancient Anger: Perspectives from Homer to Galen, 249; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 35, 242; Joseph (2022), Thunder and Lament: Lucan on the Beginnings and Ends of Epic, 26, 28; Kirichenko (2022), Greek Literature and the Ideal: The Pragmatics of Space from the Archaic to the Hellenistic Age, 239; Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 78, 214; Pandey (2018), The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome, 80, 227, 241; Roumpou (2023), Ritual and the Poetics of Closure in Flavian Literature. 190; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 115, 121, 123, 164
sup>
1.89 Aurea prima sata est aetas, quae vindice nullo, 1.90 sponte sua, sine lege fidem rectumque colebat. 1.91 Poena metusque aberant, nec verba mitia fixo 1.92 aere legebantur, nec supplex turba timebat 1.94 Nondum caesa suis, peregrinum ut viseret orbem, 1.95 montibus in liquidas pinus descenderat undas, 1.96 nullaque mortales praeter sua litora norant. 1.97 Nondum praecipites cingebant oppida fossae; 1.98 non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi, 1.99 non galeae, non ensis erat: sine militis usu 1.100 mollia securae peragebant otia gentes. 1.101 ipsa quoque inmunis rastroque intacta nec ullis
1.103 contentique cibis nullo cogente creatis 1.104 arbuteos fetus montanaque fraga legebant 1.105 cornaque et in duris haerentia mora rubetis 1.106 et quae deciderant patula Iovis arbore glandes. 1.107 Ver erat aeternum, placidique tepentibus auris 1.108 mulcebant zephyri natos sine semine flores. 1.109 Mox etiam fruges tellus inarata ferebat, 1.110 nec renovatus ager gravidis canebat aristis; 1.111 flumina iam lactis, iam flumina nectaris ibant, 1.112 flavaque de viridi stillabant ilice mella. 1.113 Postquam, Saturno tenebrosa in Tartara misso, 1.114 sub Iove mundus erat, subiit argentea proles, 1.115 auro deterior, fulvo pretiosior aere. 1.116 Iuppiter antiqui contraxit tempora veris 1.117 perque hiemes aestusque et inaequalis autumnos 1.118 et breve ver spatiis exegit quattuor annum. 1.119 Tum primum siccis aer fervoribus ustus 1.120 canduit, et ventis glacies adstricta pependit. 1.121 Tum primum subiere domus (domus antra fuerunt 1.122 et densi frutices et vinctae cortice virgae). 1.123 Semina tum primum longis Cerealia sulcis 1.124 obruta sunt, pressique iugo gemuere iuvenci. 1.125 Tertia post illam successit aenea proles, 1.126 saevior ingeniis et ad horrida promptior arma, 1.127 non scelerata tamen. De duro est ultima ferro. 1.128 Protinus inrupit venae peioris in aevum 1.129 omne nefas: fugere pudor verumque fidesque; 1.130 In quorum subiere locum fraudesque dolique 1.131 insidiaeque et vis et amor sceleratus habendi. 1.132 Vela dabat ventis (nec adhuc bene noverat illos) 1.133 navita; quaeque diu steterant in montibus altis, 1.134 fluctibus ignotis insultavere carinae, 1.135 communemque prius ceu lumina solis et auras 1.136 cautus humum longo signavit limite mensor.
1.138 poscebatur humus, sed itum est in viscera terrae: 1.139 quasque recondiderat Stygiisque admoverat umbris, 1.140 effodiuntur opes, inritamenta malorum. 1.141 Iamque nocens ferrum ferroque nocentius aurum 1.142 prodierat: prodit bellum, quod pugnat utroque, 1.143 sanguineaque manu crepitantia concutit arma. 1.144 Vivitur ex rapto: non hospes ab hospite tutus, 1.145 non socer a genero; fratrum quoque gratia rara est. 1.146 Inminet exitio vir coniugis, illa mariti; 1.147 lurida terribiles miscent aconita novercae; 1.148 filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos. 1.149 Victa iacet pietas, et virgo caede madentis, 1.150 ultima caelestum terras Astraea reliquit.
2.252 et quae Maeonias celebrabant carmine ripas 2.253 flumineae volucres, medio caluere Caystro.
2.259 cuique fuit rerum promissa potentia, Thybrin.
4.670 Illic inmeritam maternae pendere linguae 4.671 Andromedan poenas iniustus iusserat Ammon. 4.672 Quam simul ad duras religatam bracchia cautes 4.673 vidit Abantiades (nisi quod levis aura capillos 4.674 moverat et tepido manabant lumina fletu, 4.676 et stupet et visae correptus imagine formae 4.677 paene suas quatere est oblitus in aere pennas. 4.678 Ut stetit, “o” dixit “non istis digna catenis,
4.680 pande requirenti nomen terraeque tuumque, 4.681 et cur vincla geras.” Primo silet illa, nec audet 4.682 adpellare virum virgo; manibusque modestos 4.683 celasset vultus, si non religata fuisset: 4.684 lumina, quod potuit, lacrimis inplevit obortis. 4.685 Saepius instanti, sua ne delicta fateri 4.686 nolle videretur, nomen terraeque suumque, 4.687 quantaque maternae fuerit fiducia formae,
4.689 insonuit, veniensque inmenso belua ponto 4.690 inminet et latum sub pectore possidet aequor. 4.691 Conclamat virgo: genitor lugubris et una 4.692 mater adest, ambo miseri, sed iustius illa. 4.693 Nec secum auxilium, sed dignos tempore fletus 4.694 plangoremque ferunt vinctoque in corpore adhaerent, 4.695 cum sic hospes ait: “Lacrimarum longa manere 4.696 tempora vos poterunt: ad opem brevis hora ferendam est. 4.697 Hanc ego si peterem Perseus Iove natus et illa, 4.698 quam clausam inplevit fecundo Iuppiter auro, 4.699 Gorgonis anguicomae Perseus superator et alis 4.700 aerias ausus iactatis ire per auras, 4.701 praeferrer cunctis certe gener. Addere tantis
4.703 ut mea sit servata mea virtute, paciscor.” 4.704 Accipiunt legem (quis enim dubitaret?) et orant 4.705 promittuntque super regnum dotale parentes. 4.706 Ecce velut navis praefixo concita rostro 4.707 sulcat aquas, iuvenum sudantibus acta lacertis, 4.708 sic fera dimotis inpulsu pectoris undis 4.709 tantum aberat scopulis, quantum Balearica torto 4.710 funda potest plumbo medii transmittere caeli: 4.711 cum subito iuvenis pedibus tellure repulsa 4.712 arduus in nubes abiit. Ut in aequore summo 4.713 umbra viri visa est, visa fera saevit in umbra. 4.714 Utque Iovis praepes, vacuo cum vidit in arvo 4.715 praebentem Phoebo liventia terga draconem,
4.717 squamigeris avidos figit cervicibus ungues, 4.718 sic celeri missus praeceps per ie volatu 4.719 terga ferae pressit dextroque frementis in armo 4.720 Inachides ferrum curvo tenus abdidit hamo. 4.721 Vulnere laesa gravi modo se sublimis in auras 4.722 attollit, modo subdit aquis, modo more ferocis 4.723 versat apri, quem turba canum circumsona terret.
4.725 quaque patet, nunc terga cavis super obsita conchis, 4.726 nunc laterum costas, nunc qua tenuissima cauda 4.727 desinit in piscem, falcato vulnerat ense.
4.729 ore vomit: maduere graves adspergine pennae. 4.730 Nec bibulis ultra Perseus talaribus ausus 4.731 credere, conspexit scopulum, qui vertice summo 4.732 stantibus exstat aquis, operitur ab aequore moto. 4.733 Nixus eo rupisque tenens iuga prima sinistra 4.734 ter quater exegit repetita per ilia ferrum.
15.745 Hic tamen accessit delubris advena nostris: 15.746 Caesar in urbe sua deus est; quem Marte togaque 15.747 praecipuum non bella magis finita triumphis 15.748 resque domi gestae properataque gloria rerum 15.749 in sidus vertere novum stellamque comantem, 15.751 ullum maius opus, quam quod pater exstitit huius: 15.752 scilicet aequoreos plus est domuisse Britannos 15.753 perque papyriferi septemflua flumina Nili 15.754 victrices egisse rates Numidasque rebelles 15.755 Cinyphiumque Iubam Mithridateisque tumentem 15.756 nominibus Pontum populo adiecisse Quirini 15.757 et multos meruisse, aliquos egisse triumphos, 15.758 quam tantum genuisse virum? Quo praeside rerum 15.759 humano generi, superi, favistis abunde! 15.760 Ne foret hic igitur mortali semine cretus, 15.761 ille deus faciendus erat. Quod ut aurea vidit 15.762 Aeneae genetrix, vidit quoque triste parari 15.763 pontifici letum et coniurata arma moveri, 15.764 palluit et cunctis, ut cuique erat obvia, divis 15.765 “adspice” dicebat, “quanta mihi mole parentur 15.766 insidiae quantaque caput cum fraude petatur, 15.767 quod de Dardanio solum mihi restat Iulo. 15.768 Solane semper ero iustis exercita curis, 15.769 quam modo Tydidae Calydonia vulneret hasta, 15.770 nunc male defensae confundant moenia Troiae, 15.771 quae videam natum longis erroribus actum 15.772 iactarique freto sedesque intrare silentum 15.773 bellaque cum Turno gerere, aut, si vera fatemur, 15.774 cum Iunone magis? Quid nunc antiqua recordor
15.776 non sinit: en acui sceleratos cernitis enses? 15.777 Quos prohibete, precor, facinusque repellite, neve 15.778 caede sacerdotis flammas exstinguite Vestae!” 15.779 Talia nequiquam toto Venus anxia caelo 15.780 verba iacit superosque movet, qui rumpere quamquam 15.781 ferrea non possunt veterum decreta sororum, 15.782 signa tamen luctus dant haud incerta futuri. 15.783 Arma ferunt inter nigras crepitantia nubes 15.784 terribilesque tubas auditaque cornua caelo 15.785 praemonuisse nefas; solis quoque tristis imago 15.786 lurida sollicitis praebebat lumina terris.
15.788 saepe inter nimbos guttae cecidere cruentae. 15.789 Caerulus et vultum ferrugine Lucifer atra 15.790 sparsus erat, sparsi Lunares sanguine currus. 15.791 Tristia mille locis Stygius dedit omina bubo, 15.792 mille locis lacrimavit ebur, cantusque feruntur 15.793 auditi sanctis et verba mitia lucis. 15.794 Victima nulla litat magnosque instare tumultus 15.795 fibra monet, caesumque caput reperitur in extis. 15.796 Inque foro circumque domos et templa deorum 15.797 nocturnos ululasse canes umbrasque silentum 15.798 erravisse ferunt motamque tremoribus urbem. 15.799 Non tamen insidias venturaque vincere fata
15.801 in templum gladii; neque enim locus ullus in urbe 15.802 ad facinus diramque placet nisi curia, caedem. 15.803 Tum vero Cytherea manu percussit utraque 15.804 pectus et Aeneaden molitur condere nube, 15.805 qua prius infesto Paris est ereptus Atridae 15.806 et Diomedeos Aeneas fugerat enses. 15.807 Talibus hanc genitor: “Sola insuperabile fatum, 15.808 nata, movere paras? Intres licet ipsa sororum 15.809 tecta trium: cernes illic molimine vasto 15.810 ex aere et solido rerum tabularia ferro,
15.812 nec metuunt ullas tuta atque aeterna ruinas. 15.813 Invenies illic incisa adamante perenni 15.814 fata tui generis: legi ipse animoque notavi 15.815 et referam, ne sis etiamnum ignara futuri. 15.816 Hic sua complevit, pro quo, Cytherea, laboras, 15.817 tempora, perfectis, quos terrae debuit, annis. 15.818 Ut deus accedat caelo templisque colatur, 15.819 tu facies natusque suus, qui nominis heres 15.820 impositum feret unus onus caesique parentis 15.821 nos in bella suos fortissimus ultor habebit. 15.822 Illius auspiciis obsessae moenia pacem 15.823 victa petent Mutinae, Pharsalia sentiet illum. 15.824 Emathiique iterum madefient caede Philippi, 15.825 et magnum Siculis nomen superabitur undis, 15.826 Romanique ducis coniunx Aegyptia taedae 15.827 non bene fisa cadet, frustraque erit illa minata,
15.829 Quid tibi barbariem, gentesque ab utroque iacentes 15.830 oceano numerem? Quodcumque habitabile tellus 15.831 sustinet, huius erit: pontus quoque serviet illi! 15.832 Pace data terris animum ad civilia vertet 15.833 iura suum legesque feret iustissimus auctor 15.834 exemploque suo mores reget inque futuri 15.835 temporis aetatem venturorumque nepotum
15.837 ferre simul nomenque suum curasque iubebit, 15.838 nec nisi cum senior Pylios aequaverit annos, 15.839 aetherias sedes cognataque sidera tanget. 15.840 Hanc animam interea caeso de corpore raptam 15.841 fac iubar, ut semper Capitolia nostra forumque 15.842 divus ab excelsa prospectet Iulius aede.”
15.871 Iamque opus exegi, quod nec Iovis ira nec ignis 15.872 nec poterit ferrum nec edax abolere vetustas. 15.874 ius habet, incerti spatium mihi finiat aevi: 15.875 parte tamen meliore mei super alta perennis 15.876 astra ferar, nomenque erit indelebile nostrum, 15.877 quaque patet domitis Romana potentia terris, 15.878 ore legar populi, perque omnia saecula fama, 15.879 siquid habent veri vatum praesagia, vivam.' ' None | sup>
1.89 and Auster wafted to the distant south 1.90 where clouds and rain encompass his abode.— 1.91 and over these He fixed the liquid sky, 1.92 devoid of weight and free from earthly dross. 1.94 and fixed their certain bounds, when all the stars, 1.95 which long were pressed and hidden in the mass, 1.96 began to gleam out from the plains of heaven, 1.97 and traversed, with the Gods, bright ether fields: 1.98 and lest some part might be bereft of life 1.99 the gleaming waves were filled with twinkling fish; 1.100 the earth was covered with wild animals; 1.101 the agitated air was filled with birds.
1.103 a being capable of lofty thought, 1.104 intelligent to rule, was wanting still 1.105 man was created! Did the Unknown God 1.106 designing then a better world make man 1.107 of seed divine? or did Prometheu 1.108 take the new soil of earth (that still contained' "1.109 ome godly element of Heaven's Life)" '1.110 and use it to create the race of man; 1.111 first mingling it with water of new streams; 1.112 o that his new creation, upright man, 1.113 was made in image of commanding Gods? 1.114 On earth the brute creation bends its gaze, 1.115 but man was given a lofty countece 1.116 and was commanded to behold the skies; 1.117 and with an upright face may view the stars:— 1.118 and so it was that shapeless clay put on 1.119 the form of man till then unknown to earth. 1.120 First was the Golden Age. Then rectitude 1.121 pontaneous in the heart prevailed, and faith. 1.122 Avengers were not seen, for laws unframed 1.123 were all unknown and needless. Punishment 1.124 and fear of penalties existed not. 1.125 No harsh decrees were fixed on brazen plates. 1.126 No suppliant multitude the countece 1.127 of Justice feared, averting, for they dwelt 1.128 without a judge in peace. Descended not 1.129 the steeps, shorn from its height, the lofty pine, 1.130 cleaving the trackless waves of alien shores, 1.131 nor distant realms were known to wandering men. 1.132 The towns were not entrenched for time of war; 1.133 they had no brazen trumpets, straight, nor horn 1.134 of curving brass, nor helmets, shields nor swords. 1.135 There was no thought of martial pomp —secure 1.136 a happy multitude enjoyed repose.
1.138 a store of every fruit. The harrow touched 1.139 her not, nor did the plowshare wound 1.140 her fields. And man content with given food, 1.141 and none compelling, gathered arbute fruit 1.142 and wild strawberries on the mountain sides, 1.143 and ripe blackberries clinging to the bush, 1.144 and corners and sweet acorns on the ground, 1.145 down fallen from the spreading tree of Jove. 1.146 Eternal Spring! Soft breathing zephyrs soothed 1.147 and warmly cherished buds and blooms, produced 1.148 without a seed. The valleys though unplowed 1.149 gave many fruits; the fields though not renewed 1.150 white glistened with the heavy bearded wheat:
2.252 and poured it forth, the cloud-nymph Nephele, 2.253 of utmost height unhappy Phaethon 2.253 the nymph of crystal pools called Hyale,' "
2.259 his father's steeds, and he is stunned with grief" 2.259 with steps uncertain wandered he as fate
4.670 of judgment, or they haunt the mansion where 4.671 abides the Utmost Tyrant, or they tend 4.672 to various callings, as their whilom way; — 4.673 appropriate punishment confines to pain 4.674 the multitude condemned. 4.676 impelled by rage and hate, from habitation 4.677 celestial, Juno, of Saturn born, descends, 4.678 ubmissive to its dreadful element.
4.680 than groans were uttered by the threshold, pressed 4.681 by her immortal form, and Cerberu 4.682 upraising his three-visaged mouths gave vent 4.683 to triple-barking howls.—She called to her 4.684 the sisters, Night-begot, implacable, 4.685 terrific Furies. They did sit before 4.686 the prison portals, adamant confined, 4.687 combing black vipers from their horrid hair.
4.689 they recognized, those Deities uprose. 4.690 O dread confines! dark seat of wretched vice! 4.691 Where stretched athwart nine acres, Tityus, 4.692 must thou endure thine entrails to be torn! 4.693 O Tantalus, thou canst not touch the wave, 4.694 and from thy clutch the hanging branches rise! 4.695 O Sisyphus, thou canst not stay the stone, 4.696 catching or pushing, it must fall again! 4.697 O thou Ixion! whirled around, around, 4.698 thyself must follow to escape thyself! 4.699 And, O Belides, (plotter of sad death 4.700 upon thy cousins) thou art always doomed 4.701 to dip forever ever-spilling waves!
4.703 a stern look on those wretches, first her glance 4.704 arrested on Ixion; but the next 4.705 on Sisyphus; and thus the goddess spoke;— 4.706 “For why should he alone of all his kin 4.707 uffer eternal doom, while Athamas, 4.708 luxurious in a sumptuous palace reigns; 4.709 and, haughty with his wife, despises me.” 4.710 So grieved she, and expressed the rage of hate 4.711 that such descent inspired, beseeching thus, 4.712 no longer should the House of Cadmus stand, 4.713 o that the sister Furies plunge in crime 4.714 overweening Athamas.—Entreating them, 4.715 he mingled promises with her commands.—
4.717 whose locks entangled are not ever smooth, 4.718 tossed them around, that backward from her face 4.719 uch crawling snakes were thrown;—then answered she: 4.720 “Since what thy will decrees may well be done, 4.721 why need we to consult with many words? 4.722 Leave thou this hateful region and convey 4.723 thyself, contented, to a better realm.”
4.725 before she enters her celestial home, 4.726 Iris, the child of Thaumas, purifie 4.727 her limbs in sprinkled water.
4.729 Tisiphone, revengeful, takes a torch;— 4.730 besmeared with blood, and vested in a robe, 4.731 dripping with crimson gore, and twisting-snake 4.732 engirdled, she departs her dire abode— 4.733 with twitching Madness, Terror, Fear and Woe: 4.734 and when she had arrived the destined house,
15.745 and, failing, feigned that I had wished to do 15.746 what she herself had wished. Perverting truth— 15.747 either through fear of some discovery 15.748 or else through spite at her deserved repulse— 15.749 he charged me with attempting the foul crime. 15.751 my father banished me and, while I wa 15.752 departing, laid on me a mortal curse. 15.753 Towards Pittheus and Troezen I fled aghast, 15.754 guiding the swift chariot near the shore 15.755 of the Corinthian Gulf, when all at once 15.756 the sea rose up and seemed to arch itself 15.757 and lift high as a white topped mountain height, 15.758 make bellowings, and open at the crest. 15.759 Then through the parting waves a horned bull 15.760 emerged with head and breast into the wind, 15.761 pouting white foam from his nostrils and his mouth. 15.762 “The hearts of my attendants quailed with fear, 15.763 yet I unfrightened thought but of my exile. 15.764 Then my fierce horses turned their necks to face 15.765 the waters, and with ears erect they quaked 15.766 before the monster shape, they dashed in flight 15.767 along the rock strewn ground below the cliff. 15.768 I struggled, but with unavailing hand, 15.769 to use the reins now covered with white foam; 15.770 and throwing myself back, pulled on the thong 15.771 with weight and strength. Such effort might have checked 15.772 the madness of my steeds, had not a wheel, 15.773 triking the hub on a projecting stump, 15.774 been shattered and hurled in fragments from the axle.
15.776 and with the reins entwined about my legs. 15.777 My palpitating entrails could be seen 15.778 dragged on, my sinews fastened on a stump. 15.779 My torn legs followed, but a part 15.780 remained behind me, caught by various snags. 15.781 The breaking bones gave out a crackling noise, 15.782 my tortured spirit soon had fled away, 15.783 no part of the torn body could be known— 15.784 all that was left was only one crushed wound— 15.785 how can, how dare you, nymph, compare your ill 15.786 to my disaster?
15.788 deprived of light: and I have bathed my flesh, 15.789 o tortured, in the waves of Phlegethon. 15.790 Life could not have been given again to me,' "15.791 but through the remedies Apollo's son" '15.792 applied to me. After my life returned— 15.793 by potent herbs and the Paeonian aid, 15.794 despite the will of Pluto—Cynthia then 15.795 threw heavy clouds around that I might not 15.796 be seen and cause men envy by new life: 15.797 and that she might be sure my life was safe 15.798 he made me seem an old man; and she changed 15.799 me so that I could not be recognized.
15.801 would give me Crete or Delos for my home. 15.802 Delos and Crete abandoned, she then brought 15.803 me here, and at the same time ordered me 15.804 to lay aside my former name—one which 15.805 when mentioned would remind me of my steeds. 15.806 She said to me, ‘You were Hippolytus, 15.807 but now instead you shall be Virbius.’ 15.808 And from that time I have inhabited 15.809 this grove; and, as one of the lesser gods, 15.810 I live concealed and numbered in her train.”
15.812 of sad Egeria, and she laid herself' "15.813 down at a mountain's foot, dissolved in tears," '15.814 till moved by pity for her faithful sorrow, 15.815 Diana changed her body to a spring, 15.816 her limbs into a clear continual stream. 15.817 This wonderful event surprised the nymphs, 15.818 and filled Hippolytus with wonder, just 15.819 as great as when the Etrurian ploughman saw 15.820 a fate-revealing clod move of its own 15.821 accord among the fields, while not a hand 15.822 was touching it, till finally it took 15.823 a human form, without the quality 15.824 of clodded earth, and opened its new mouth 15.825 and spoke, revealing future destinies. 15.826 The natives called him Tages. He was the first 15.827 who taught Etrurians to foretell events.
15.829 when he observed the spear, which once had grown 15.830 high on the Palatine , put out new leave 15.831 and stand with roots—not with the iron point 15.832 which he had driven in. Not as a spear 15.833 it then stood there, but as a rooted tree 15.834 with limber twigs for many to admire 15.835 while resting under that surprising shade.
15.837 in the clear stream (he truly saw them there). 15.838 Believing he had seen a falsity, 15.839 he often touched his forehead with his hand 15.840 and, so returning, touched the thing he saw. 15.841 Assured at last that he could trust his eyes, 15.842 he stood entranced, as if he had returned
15.871 that I should pass my life in exile than 15.872 be seen a king throned in the capitol.” 15.874 the people and the grave and honored Senate. 15.875 But first he veiled his horns with laurel, which 15.876 betokens peace. Then, standing on a mound 15.877 raised by the valiant troops, he made a prayer 15.878 after the ancient mode, and then he said, 15.879 “There is one here who will be king, if you' ' None |
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41. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • civil discord • civil war • civil war, discordia • civil war, historiography of • war, civil war
Found in books: Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 161; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 242; Gorman, Gorman (2014), Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature. 375; Keith and Myers (2023), Vergil and Elegy. 48; Poulsen (2021), Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography, 267
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42. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • civil war, historiography of • civil wars in Rome
Found in books: Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 161; O'Daly (2020), Augustine's City of God: A Reader's Guide (2nd edn), 109
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43. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civil war • war, civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 123; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 242; Keith and Myers (2023), Vergil and Elegy. 260; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 123
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44. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil war • civic participation • civil war • civil wars (as a part of imperial discourse) • war, civil war
Found in books: Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 244; Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 76; Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 76; Pandey (2018), The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome, 189; Ruiz and Puertas (2021), Emperors and Emperorship in Late Antiquity: Images and Narratives, 31
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45. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Caesar, C. Julius, role in civil wars • Caesar, Julius, Commentarii De Bello Civili • Pompey, Cn. Magnus, role in civil war • civil war
Found in books: Joseph (2022), Thunder and Lament: Lucan on the Beginnings and Ends of Epic, 133; Nelsestuen (2015), Varro the Agronomist: Political Philosophy, Satire, and Agriculture in the Late Republic. 6; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 36
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46. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 36, 37, 39, 44; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 36, 37, 39, 44
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47. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil War • Civil Wars, and Punic Wars • Civil Wars, trauma • Civil Wars, writing about • Civil war • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • audience, and memory of civil wars • civil war • civil war, discordia • civil wars, as subject of poetry • war, civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 120, 128; Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 74, 75, 77, 80, 83, 89, 90, 100, 101, 102; Duffalo (2006), The Ghosts of the Past: Latin Literature, the Dead, and Rome's Transition to a Principate. 146; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 242; Giusti (2018), Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries, 3, 5, 7, 8, 276; Keith and Myers (2023), Vergil and Elegy. 144; Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 76; Poulsen (2021), Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography, 32; Skempis and Ziogas (2014), Geography, Topography, Landscape: Configurations of Space in Greek and Roman Epic 434; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 120, 128
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48. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil War • Civil Wars, and Punic Wars • Civil Wars, in Propertius 2.1 • Civil Wars, trauma • Civil Wars, writing about • Civil war • Vergil, civil war • civil war • civil wars, as subject of poetry • war, civil war
Found in books: Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 91, 102; Duffalo (2006), The Ghosts of the Past: Latin Literature, the Dead, and Rome's Transition to a Principate. 101, 102, 103; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 242; Giusti (2018), Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries, 7, 46, 278; Roumpou (2023), Ritual and the Poetics of Closure in Flavian Literature. 183
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49. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 114; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 114
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50. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Capitol, during civil unrest • Civil War, Second • Civil War, in Lucan • Curia (Senate-House), during civil unrest • Forum, during civil unrest • civil discord • dress, civic magistrates’ • movement in the city, during civil unrest • vows, civil
Found in books: Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 30; Giusti (2018), Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries, 184; Gorman, Gorman (2014), Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature. 372; Hickson (1993), Roman prayer language: Livy and the Aneid of Vergil, 99; Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 144, 160, 226; Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 71
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51. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Bellum Civile (Lucan), bougonia, invention of • Caesar, Julius, Commentarii De Bello Civili • civil war • discordia (as civil war) • ensis (as signifier of civil war) • war, civil war
Found in books: Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 33, 69, 244, 245, 249, 255, 259, 261; Gee (2013), Aratus and the Astronomical Tradition, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56; Joseph (2022), Thunder and Lament: Lucan on the Beginnings and Ends of Epic, 12; Walter (2020), Time in Ancient Stories of Origin, 11
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52. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civic participation • civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 115; Kirichenko (2022), Greek Literature and the Ideal: The Pragmatics of Space from the Archaic to the Hellenistic Age, 239; Pandey (2018), The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome, 212, 226; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 115
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53. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 44, 115, 123; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 44, 115, 123
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54. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Curia (Senate-House), during civil unrest • princeps civilis, and verecundia • verecundia, and princeps civilis
Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 190; Kaster(2005), Emotion, Restraint, and Community in Ancient Rome, 174
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55. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • civic participation • civil war • civil war, discordia • war, civil war
Found in books: Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 242; Keith and Myers (2023), Vergil and Elegy. 97; Pandey (2018), The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome, 187, 188, 189, 190, 204, 212; Poulsen (2021), Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography, 33
|
56. Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, 1.9.1, 1.9.28 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 114; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 114
sup>
1.9.1 τῶν δὲ Αἰόλου παίδων Ἀθάμας, Βοιωτίας δυναστεύων, ἐκ Νεφέλης τεκνοῖ παῖδα μὲν Φρίξον θυγατέρα δὲ Ἕλλην. αὖθις δὲ Ἰνὼ γαμεῖ, ἐξ ἧς αὐτῷ Λέαρχος καὶ Μελικέρτης ἐγένοντο. ἐπιβουλεύουσα δὲ Ἰνὼ τοῖς Νεφέλης τέκνοις ἔπεισε τὰς γυναῖκας τὸν πυρὸν φρύγειν. λαμβάνουσαι δὲ κρύφα τῶν ἀνδρῶν τοῦτο ἔπρασσον. γῆ δὲ πεφρυγμένους πυροὺς δεχομένη καρποὺς ἐτησίους οὐκ ἀνεδίδου. διὸ πέμπων ὁ Ἀθάμας εἰς Δελφοὺς ἀπαλλαγὴν ἐπυνθάνετο τῆς ἀφορίας. Ἰνὼ δὲ τοὺς πεμφθέντας ἀνέπεισε λέγειν ὡς εἴη κεχρησμένον παύσεσθαι 1 -- τὴν ἀκαρπίαν, ἐὰν σφαγῇ Διὶ ὁ Φρίξος. τοῦτο ἀκούσας Ἀθάμας, συναναγκαζόμενος ὑπὸ τῶν τὴν γῆν κατοικούντων, τῷ βωμῷ παρέστησε Φρίξον. Νεφέλη δὲ μετὰ τῆς θυγατρὸς αὐτὸν ἀνήρπασε, καὶ παρʼ Ἑρμοῦ λαβοῦσα χρυσόμαλλον κριὸν ἔδωκεν, ὑφʼ 2 -- οὗ φερόμενοι διʼ οὐρανοῦ γῆν ὑπερέβησαν καὶ θάλασσαν. ὡς δὲ ἐγένοντο κατὰ τὴν μεταξὺ κειμένην θάλασσαν Σιγείου καὶ Χερρονήσου, ὤλισθεν εἰς τὸν βυθὸν ἡ Ἕλλη, κἀκεῖ θανούσης αὐτῆς ἀπʼ ἐκείνης Ἑλλήσποντος ἐκλήθη τὸ πέλαγος. Φρίξος δὲ ἦλθεν εἰς Κόλχους, ὧν Αἰήτης ἐβασίλευε παῖς Ἡλίου καὶ Περσηίδος, ἀδελφὸς δὲ Κίρκης καὶ Πασιφάης, ἣν Μίνως ἔγημεν. οὗτος αὐτὸν ὑποδέχεται, καὶ μίαν τῶν θυγατέρων Χαλκιόπην δίδωσιν. ὁ δὲ τὸν χρυσόμαλλον κριὸν Διὶ θύει φυξίῳ, τὸ δὲ τούτου δέρας Αἰήτῃ δίδωσιν· ἐκεῖνος δὲ αὐτὸ περὶ δρῦν ἐν Ἄρεος ἄλσει καθήλωσεν. ἐγένοντο δὲ ἐκ Χαλκιόπης Φρίξῳ παῖδες Ἄργος Μέλας Φρόντις Κυτίσωρος.
1.9.28 οἱ δὲ ἧκον εἰς Κόρινθον, καὶ δέκα μὲν ἔτη διετέλουν εὐτυχοῦντες, αὖθις δὲ τοῦ τῆς Κορίνθου βασιλέως Κρέοντος τὴν θυγατέρα Γλαύκην Ἰάσονι ἐγγυῶντος, παραπεμψάμενος Ἰάσων Μήδειαν ἐγάμει. ἡ δέ, οὕς τε ὤμοσεν Ἰάσων θεοὺς ἐπικαλεσαμένη καὶ τὴν Ἰάσονος ἀχαριστίαν μεμψαμένη πολλάκις, τῇ μὲν γαμουμένῃ πέπλον μεμαγμένον 1 -- φαρμάκοις 2 -- ἔπεμψεν, ὃν ἀμφιεσαμένη μετὰ τοῦ βοηθοῦντος πατρὸς πυρὶ λάβρῳ κατεφλέχθη, 3 -- τοὺς δὲ παῖδας οὓς εἶχεν ἐξ Ἰάσονος, Μέρμερον καὶ Φέρητα, ἀπέκτεινε, καὶ λαβοῦσα παρὰ Ἡλίου ἅρμα πτηνῶν 4 -- δρακόντων ἐπὶ τούτου φεύγουσα ἦλθεν εἰς Ἀθήνας. λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὅτι φεύγουσα τοὺς παῖδας ἔτι νηπίους ὄντας κατέλιπεν, ἱκέτας καθίσασα ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν τῆς Ἥρας τῆς ἀκραίας· Κορίνθιοι δὲ αὐτοὺς ἀναστήσαντες κατετραυμάτισαν. Μήδεια δὲ ἧκεν εἰς Ἀθήνας, κἀκεῖ γαμηθεῖσα Αἰγεῖ παῖδα γεννᾷ Μῆδον. ἐπιβουλεύουσα δὲ ὕστερον Θησεῖ φυγὰς ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν μετὰ τοῦ παιδὸς ἐκβάλλεται. ἀλλʼ οὗτος μὲν πολλῶν κρατήσας βαρβάρων τὴν ὑφʼ ἑαυτὸν χώραν ἅπασαν Μηδίαν ἐκάλεσε, καὶ στρατευόμενος ἐπὶ Ἰνδοὺς ἀπέθανε· Μήδεια δὲ εἰς Κόλχους ἦλθεν ἄγνωστος, καὶ καταλαβοῦσα Αἰήτην ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ Πέρσου τῆς βασιλείας ἐστερημένον, κτείνασα τοῦτον τῷ πατρὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ἀποκατέστησεν.'' None | sup>
1.9.1 of the sons of Aeolus, Athamas ruled over Boeotia and begat a son Phrixus and a daughter Helle by Nephele. And he married a second wife, Ino, by whom he had Learchus and Melicertes. But Ino plotted against the children of Nephele and persuaded the women to parch the wheat; and having got the wheat they did so without the knowledge of the men. But the earth, being sown with parched wheat, did not yield its annual crops; so Athamas sent to Delphi to inquire how he might be delivered from the dearth. Now Ino persuaded the messengers to say it was foretold that the infertility would cease if Phrixus were sacrificed to Zeus. When Athamas heard that, he was forced by the inhabitants of the land to bring Phrixus to the altar. But Nephele caught him and her daughter up and gave them a ram with a golden fleece, which she had received from Hermes, and borne through the sky by the ram they crossed land and sea. But when they were over the sea which lies betwixt Sigeum and the Chersonese, Helle slipped into the deep and was drowned, and the sea was called Hellespont after her. But Phrixus came to the Colchians, whose king was Aeetes, son of the Sun and of Perseis, and brother of Circe and Pasiphae, whom Minos married. He received Phrixus and gave him one of his daughters, Chalciope. And Phrixus sacrificed the ram with the golden fleece to Zeus the god of Escape, and the fleece he gave to Aeetes, who nailed it to an oak in a grove of Ares. And Phrixus had children by Chalciope, to wit, Argus, Melas, Phrontis, and Cytisorus.
1.9.28 They went to Corinth, and lived there happily for ten years, till Creon, king of Corinth, betrothed his daughter Glauce to Jason, who married her and divorced Medea. But she invoked the gods by whom Jason had sworn, and after often upbraiding him with his ingratitude she sent the bride a robe steeped in poison, which when Glauce had put on, she was consumed with fierce fire along with her father, who went to her rescue. But Mermerus and Pheres, the children whom Medea had by Jason, she killed, and having got from the Sun a car drawn by winged dragons she fled on it to Athens . Another tradition is that on her flight she left behind her children, who were still infants, setting them as suppliants on the altar of Hera of the Height; but the Corinthians removed them and wounded them to death. Medea came to Athens, and being there married to Aegeus bore him a son Medus. Afterwards, however, plotting against Theseus, she was driven a fugitive from Athens with her son. But he conquered many barbarians and called the whole country under him Media, and marching against the Indians he met his death. And Medea came unknown to Colchis, and finding that Aeetes had been deposed by his brother Perses, she killed Perses and restored the kingdom to her father.'' None |
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57. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 16.45 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civic cult • Jews, viewing selves as exempt from civic duties
Found in books: Eckhardt (2019), Benedict, Private Associations and Jewish Communities in the Hellenistic and Roman Cities, 127; Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 95
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16.45 τούτων ἡμᾶς ἀφαιροῦνται κατ' ἐπήρειαν, χρήματα μὲν ἃ τῷ θεῷ συμφέρομεν ἐπώνυμα διαφθείροντες καὶ φανερῶς ἱεροσυλοῦντες, τέλη δ' ἐπιτιθέντες κἀν ταῖς ἑορταῖς ἄγοντες ἐπὶ δικαστήρια καὶ πραγματείας ἄλλας, οὐ κατὰ χρείαν τῶν συναλλαγμάτων, ἀλλὰ κατ' ἐπήρειαν τῆς θρησκείας, ἣν συνίσασιν ἡμῖν, μῖσος οὐ δίκαιον οὐδ' αὐτεξούσιον αὐτοῖς πεπονθότες."" None | sup>
16.45 Now our adversaries take these our privileges away in the way of injustice; they violently seize upon that money of ours which is owed to God, and called sacred money, and this openly, after a sacrilegious manner; and they impose tributes upon us, and bring us before tribunals on holy days, and then require other like debts of us, not because the contracts require it, and for their own advantage, but because they would put an affront on our religion, of which they are conscious as well as we, and have indulged themselves in an unjust, and to them involuntary, hatred;'' None |
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58. Lucan, Pharsalia, 1.1-1.4, 1.6-1.23, 1.33-1.66, 1.84-1.86, 1.134-1.135, 1.146, 1.151-1.156, 1.185-1.203, 2.28, 2.34-2.35, 2.38-2.42, 2.342-2.343, 2.350-2.353, 2.358-2.364, 2.378-2.380, 3.197, 3.441, 4.500-4.502, 4.512-4.514, 4.549-4.551, 4.572-4.573, 4.575-4.579, 4.593, 5.479, 5.645-5.646, 7.404-7.405, 7.445-7.452, 7.454-7.455, 7.796, 8.698, 8.722, 8.727-8.728, 8.739-8.740, 8.746-8.747, 8.767-8.770, 8.772, 9.232-9.233, 9.1092, 9.1101-9.1102, 10.34, 10.68, 10.70, 10.80, 10.149-10.150, 10.301-10.302 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Bellum Civile (Lucan) • Caesar, Julius, Commentarii De Bello Civili • Capitol, during civil unrest • Civil War, between Caesar and Pompey • Civil War, in Lucan • Civil Wars, and Punic Wars • Civil Wars, writing about • Civil war • Forum, during civil unrest • Ius civile • Lucan Bellum civile • Lucan Bellum civile, commanders and soldiers in • Lucan Bellum civile, death in • Lucan Bellum civile, families in • Lucan Bellum civile, mourning in • Lucan, Civil War • Rome, and civil war • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • War, Civil • civil war • civil war and weddings • civil war and weddings, Marcia and Cato, in Lucans Civil War • civil war and weddings, distortion of ceremony reflecting disordered society • civil war and weddings, ritual corruption/perversion • civil war, discordia • civil wars in Rome • civil wars, and family • civil wars, in Lucan • civil wars, new order after • evokes Roman civil war • families, and civil wars • movement in the city, during civil unrest
Found in books: Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 3; Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 48, 122; Braund and Most (2004), Ancient Anger: Perspectives from Homer to Galen, 229, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249; Fabre-Serris et al. (2021), Identities, Ethnicities and Gender in Antiquity, 136, 138; Ferrándiz (2022), Shipwrecks, Legal Landscapes and Mediterranean Paradigms: Gone Under Sea, 12; Fertik (2019), The Ruler's House: Contesting Power and Privacy in Julio-Claudian Rome, 22, 23, 24, 26, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36; Giusti (2018), Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries, 5, 184, 233, 278; Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 162, 164; Joseph (2022), Thunder and Lament: Lucan on the Beginnings and Ends of Epic, 26, 28, 133, 139, 182, 213; Keith and Myers (2023), Vergil and Elegy. 253, 255, 256, 262; König and Whitton (2018), Roman Literature under Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian: Literary Interactions, AD 96–138 99, 106, 358; Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 48, 72, 76, 86, 90, 164, 168, 213, 214, 215; O'Daly (2020), Augustine's City of God: A Reader's Guide (2nd edn), 109; Panoussi(2019), Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature, 56, 57, 58, 152, 231; Poulsen (2021), Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography, 244; Radicke (2022), Roman Women’s Dress: Literary Sources, Terminology, and Historical Development, 272; Roumpou (2023), Ritual and the Poetics of Closure in Flavian Literature. 182, 190, 193; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 237; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 48, 122; Walter (2020), Time in Ancient Stories of Origin, 13
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1.1 Wars worse than civil on Emathian plains, And crime let loose we sing; how Rome's high race Plunged in her vitals her victorious sword; Armies akin embattled, with the force of all the shaken earth bent on the fray; And burst asunder, to the common guilt, A kingdom's compact; eagle with eagle met, Standard to standard, spear opposed to spear. Whence, citizens, this rage, this boundless lust " "
1.10 To sate barbarians with the blood of Rome? Did not the shade of Crassus, wandering still, Cry for his vengeance? Could ye not have spoiled, To deck your trophies, haughty Babylon? Why wage campaigns that send no laurels home? What lands, what oceans might have been the prize of all the blood thus shed in civil strife! Where Titan rises, where night hides the stars, 'Neath southern noons all quivering with heat, Or where keen frost that never yields to spring " "1.20 In icy fetters binds the Scythian main: Long since barbarians by the Eastern sea And far Araxes' stream, and those who know (If any such there be) the birth of NileHad felt our yoke. Then, Rome, upon thyself With all the world beneath thee, if thou must, Wage this nefarious war, but not till then. Now view the houses with half-ruined walls Throughout Italian cities; stone from stone Has slipped and lies at length; within the home " "
1.33 No guard is found, and in the ancient streets so Scarce seen the passer by. The fields in vain, Rugged with brambles and unploughed for years, Ask for the hand of man; for man is not. Nor savage Pyrrhus nor the Punic horde E'er caused such havoc: to no foe was given To strike thus deep; but civil strife alone Dealt the fell wound and left the death behind. Yet if the fates could find no other way For Nero coming, nor the gods with ease " "1.40 Gain thrones in heaven; and if the Thunderer Prevailed not till the giant's war was done, Complaint is silent. For this boon supreme Welcome, ye gods, be wickedness and crime; Thronged with our dead be dire Pharsalia's fields, Be Punic ghosts avenged by Roman blood; Add to these ills the toils of Mutina; Perusia's dearth; on Munda's final field The shock of battle joined; let Leucas' Cape Shatter the routed navies; servile hands " "1.50 Unsheath the sword on fiery Etna's slopes: Still Rome is gainer by the civil war. Thou, Caesar, art her prize. When thou shalt choose, Thy watch relieved, to seek divine abodes, All heaven rejoicing; and shalt hold a throne, Or else elect to govern Phoebus' car And light a subject world that shall not dread To owe her brightness to a different Sun; All shall concede thy right: do what thou wilt, Select thy Godhead, and the central clime " "1.59 Unsheath the sword on fiery Etna's slopes: Still Rome is gainer by the civil war. Thou, Caesar, art her prize. When thou shalt choose, Thy watch relieved, to seek divine abodes, All heaven rejoicing; and shalt hold a throne, Or else elect to govern Phoebus' car And light a subject world that shall not dread To owe her brightness to a different Sun; All shall concede thy right: do what thou wilt, Select thy Godhead, and the central clime " 1.60 Whence thou shalt rule the world with power divine. And yet the Northern or the Southern Pole We pray thee, choose not; but in rays direct Vouchsafe thy radiance to thy city Rome. Press thou on either side, the universe Should lose its equipoise: take thou the midst, And weight the scales, and let that part of heaven Where Caesar sits, be evermore serene And smile upon us with unclouded blue. Then may all men lay down their arms, and peace
1.66 Whence thou shalt rule the world with power divine. And yet the Northern or the Southern Pole We pray thee, choose not; but in rays direct Vouchsafe thy radiance to thy city Rome. Press thou on either side, the universe Should lose its equipoise: take thou the midst, And weight the scales, and let that part of heaven Where Caesar sits, be evermore serene And smile upon us with unclouded blue. Then may all men lay down their arms, and peace ' "
1.84 Abide not long the mightiest lords of earth; Beneath too heavy a burden great the fall. Thus Rome o'ergrew her strength. So when that hour, The last in all the centuries, shall sound The world's disruption, all things shall revert To that primaeval chaos, stars on stars Shall crash; and fiery meteors from the sky Plunge in the ocean. Earth shall then no more Front with her bulwark the encroaching sea: The moon, indigt at her path oblique, " "
1.134 Had'st thou but longer stayed, it had been thine To keep the husband and the sire apart, And, as the Sabine women did of old, Dash down the threatening swords and join the hands. With thee all trust was buried, and the chiefs Could give their courage vent, and rushed to war. Lest newer glories triumphs past obscure, Late conquered Gaul the bays from pirates won, This, Magnus, was thy fear; thy roll of fame, of glorious deeds accomplished for the state " "
1.146 Allows no equal; nor will Caesar's pride A prior rival in his triumphs brook; Which had the right 'twere impious to enquire; Each for his cause can vouch a judge supreme; The victor, heaven: the vanquished, Cato, thee. Nor were they like to like: the one in years Now verging towards decay, in times of peace Had unlearned war; but thirsting for applause Had given the people much, and proud of fame His former glory cared not to renew, " "
1.151 But joyed in plaudits of the theatre, His gift to Rome: his triumphs in the past, Himself the shadow of a mighty name. As when some oak, in fruitful field sublime, Adorned with venerable spoils, and gifts of bygone leaders, by its weight to earth With feeble roots still clings; its naked arms And hollow trunk, though leafless, give a shade; And though condemned beneath the tempest's shock To speedy fall, amid the sturdier trees " "
1.156 But joyed in plaudits of the theatre, His gift to Rome: his triumphs in the past, Himself the shadow of a mighty name. As when some oak, in fruitful field sublime, Adorned with venerable spoils, and gifts of bygone leaders, by its weight to earth With feeble roots still clings; its naked arms And hollow trunk, though leafless, give a shade; And though condemned beneath the tempest's shock To speedy fall, amid the sturdier trees "
1.185 Their hold had taken, such as are the doom of potent nations: and when fortune poured Through Roman gates the booty of a world, The curse of luxury, chief bane of states, Fell on her sons. Farewell the ancient ways! Behold the pomp profuse, the houses decked With ornament; their hunger loathed the food of former days; men wore attire for dames Scarce fitly fashioned; poverty was scorned, Fruitful of warriors; and from all the world
1.189 Their hold had taken, such as are the doom of potent nations: and when fortune poured Through Roman gates the booty of a world, The curse of luxury, chief bane of states, Fell on her sons. Farewell the ancient ways! Behold the pomp profuse, the houses decked With ornament; their hunger loathed the food of former days; men wore attire for dames Scarce fitly fashioned; poverty was scorned, Fruitful of warriors; and from all the world ' "
1.190 Came that which ruins nations; while the fields Furrowed of yore by great Camillus' plough, Or by the mattock which a Curius held, Lost their once narrow bounds, and widening tracts By hinds unknown were tilled. No nation this To sheathe the sword, with tranquil peace content And with her liberties; but prone to ire; Crime holding light as though by want compelled: And great the glory in the minds of men, Ambition lawful even at point of sword, " "1.200 To rise above their country: might their law: Decrees are forced from Senate and from Plebs: Consul and Tribune break the laws alike: Bought are the fasces, and the people sell For gain their favour: bribery's fatal curse Corrupts the annual contests of the Field. Then covetous usury rose, and interest Was greedier ever as the seasons came; Faith tottered; thousands saw their gain in war. Caesar has crossed the Alps, his mighty soul " "1.203 To rise above their country: might their law: Decrees are forced from Senate and from Plebs: Consul and Tribune break the laws alike: Bought are the fasces, and the people sell For gain their favour: bribery's fatal curse Corrupts the annual contests of the Field. Then covetous usury rose, and interest Was greedier ever as the seasons came; Faith tottered; thousands saw their gain in war. Caesar has crossed the Alps, his mighty soul " 2.28 The world should suffer, from the truth divine, A solemn fast was called, the courts were closed, All men in private garb; no purple hem Adorned the togas of the chiefs of Rome; No plaints were uttered, and a voiceless grief Lay deep in every bosom: as when death Knocks at some door but enters not as yet, Before the mother calls the name aloud Or bids her grieving maidens beat the breast, While still she marks the glazing eye, and soothes
2.34 The stiffening limbs and gazes on the face, In nameless dread, not sorrow, and in awe of death approaching: and with mind distraught Clings to the dying in a last embrace. The matrons laid aside their wonted garb: Crowds filled the temples — on the unpitying stones Some dashed their bosoms; others bathed with tears The statues of the gods; some tore their hair Upon the holy threshold, and with shrieks And vows unceasing called upon the names 2.40 of those whom mortals supplicate. Nor all Lay in the Thunderer\'s fane: at every shrine Some prayers are offered which refused shall bring Reproach on heaven. One whose livid arms Were dark with blows, whose cheeks with tears bedewed And riven, cried, "Beat, mothers, beat the breast, Tear now the lock; while doubtful in the scales Still fortune hangs, nor yet the fight is won, You still may grieve: when either wins rejoice." Thus sorrow stirs itself. Meanwhile the men 2.42 of those whom mortals supplicate. Nor all Lay in the Thunderer\'s fane: at every shrine Some prayers are offered which refused shall bring Reproach on heaven. One whose livid arms Were dark with blows, whose cheeks with tears bedewed And riven, cried, "Beat, mothers, beat the breast, Tear now the lock; while doubtful in the scales Still fortune hangs, nor yet the fight is won, You still may grieve: when either wins rejoice." Thus sorrow stirs itself. Meanwhile the men ' "
2.342 Soothing his heart, and, as the lofty pyre Rises on high, applies the kindled torch: Nought, Rome, shall tear thee from me, till I hold Thy form in death embraced; and Freedom's name, Shade though it be, I'll follow to the grave. Yea! let the cruel gods exact in full Rome's expiation: of no drop of blood The war be robbed. I would that, to the gods of heaven and hell devoted, this my life Might satisfy their vengeance. Decius fell, " "
2.350 Crushed by the hostile ranks. When Cato falls Let Rhine's fierce barbarous hordes and both the hosts Thrust through my frame their darts! May I alone Receive in death the wounds of all the war! Thus may the people be redeemed, and thus Rome for her guilt pay the atonement due. Why should men die who wish to bear the yoke And shrink not from the tyranny to come? Strike me, and me alone, of laws and rights In vain the guardian: this vicarious life " "2.359 Crushed by the hostile ranks. When Cato falls Let Rhine's fierce barbarous hordes and both the hosts Thrust through my frame their darts! May I alone Receive in death the wounds of all the war! Thus may the people be redeemed, and thus Rome for her guilt pay the atonement due. Why should men die who wish to bear the yoke And shrink not from the tyranny to come? Strike me, and me alone, of laws and rights In vain the guardian: this vicarious life " '2.360 Shall give Hesperia peace and end her toils. Who then will reign shall find no need for war. You ask, \'Why follow Magnus? If he wins He too will claim the Empire of the world.\' Then let him, conquering with my service, learn Not for himself to conquer." Thus he spoke And stirred the blood that ran in Brutus\' veins Moving the youth to action in the war. Soon as the sun dispelled the chilly night, The sounding doors flew wide, and from the tomb
2.378 of dead Hortensius grieving Marcia came. First joined in wedlock to a greater man Three children did she bear to grace his home: Then Cato to Hortensius gave the dame To be a fruitful mother of his sons And join their houses in a closer tie. And now the last sad offices were done She came with hair dishevelled, beaten breast, And ashes on her brow, and features worn With grief; thus only pleasing to the man. 2.379 of dead Hortensius grieving Marcia came. First joined in wedlock to a greater man Three children did she bear to grace his home: Then Cato to Hortensius gave the dame To be a fruitful mother of his sons And join their houses in a closer tie. And now the last sad offices were done She came with hair dishevelled, beaten breast, And ashes on her brow, and features worn With grief; thus only pleasing to the man. ' "
2.380 When youth was in me and maternal power I did thy bidding, Cato, and received A second husband: now in years grown old Ne'er to be parted I return to thee. Renew our former pledges undefiled: Give back the name of wife: upon my tomb Let 'Marcia, spouse to Cato,' be engraved. Nor let men question in the time to come, Did'st thou compel, or did I willing leave My first espousals. Not in happy times, " "
3.197 In frequent triumph. Thus was robbed the shrine, And Caesar first brought poverty to Rome. Meanwhile all nations of the earth were moved To share in Magnus' fortunes and the war, And in his fated ruin. Graecia sent, Nearest of all, her succours to the host. From Cirrha and Parnassus' double peak And from Amphissa, Phocis sent her youth: Boeotian leaders muster in the meads By Dirce laved, and where Cephisus rolls " "
3.441 Crowned; and to shut Massilia from the land. Then did the Grecian city win renown Eternal, deathless, for that uncompelled Nor fearing for herself, but free to act She made the conqueror pause: and he who seized All in resistless course found here delay: And Fortune, hastening to lay the world Low at her favourite's feet, was forced to stay For these few moments her impatient hand. Now fell the forests far and wide, despoiled " "
4.500 Ere long they manned the rafts in eager wish To quit the island, when the latest glow Still parted day from night. But Magnus' troops, Cilician once, taught by their ancient art, In fraudulent deceit had left the sea To view unguarded; but with chains unseen Fast to Illyrian shores, and hanging loose, They blocked the outlet in the waves beneath. The leading rafts passed safely, but the third Hung in mid passage, and by ropes was hauled " "
4.512 Below o'ershadowing rocks. These hollowed out In ponderous masses overhung the main, And nodding seemed to fall: shadowed by trees Dark lay the waves beneath. Hither the tide Brings wreck and corpse, and, burying with the flow, Restores them with the ebb: and when the caves Belch forth the ocean, swirling billows fall In boisterous surges back, as boils the tide In that famed whirlpool on Sicilian shores. Here, with Venetian settlers for its load, " "
4.549 And equal is your praise, whether the hand Quench the last flicker of departing light, Or shear the hope of years. But choice to die Is thrust not on the mind — we cannot flee; See at our throats, e'en now, our kinsmen's swords. Then choose for death; desire what fate decrees. At least in war's blind cloud we shall not fall; Nor when the flying weapons hide the day, And slaughtered heaps of foemen load the field, And death is common, and the brave man sinks " "4.550 Unknown, inglorious. Us within this ship, Seen of both friends and foes, the gods have placed; Both land and sea and island cliffs shall bear, From either shore, their witness to our death, In which some great and memorable fame Thou, Fortune, dost prepare. What glorious deeds of warlike heroism, of noble faith, Time's annals show! All these shall we surpass. True, Caesar, that to fall upon our swords For thee is little; yet beleaguered thus, " "
4.572 For pardon and for life! lest when our swords Are reeking with our hearts'-blood, they may say This was despair of living. Great must be The prowess of our end, if in the hosts That fight his battles, Caesar is to mourn This little handful lost. For me, should fate Grant us retreat, — myself would scorn to shun The coming onset. Life I cast away, The frenzy of the death that comes apace Controls my being. Those alone whose end " "4.579 For pardon and for life! lest when our swords Are reeking with our hearts'-blood, they may say This was despair of living. Great must be The prowess of our end, if in the hosts That fight his battles, Caesar is to mourn This little handful lost. For me, should fate Grant us retreat, — myself would scorn to shun The coming onset. Life I cast away, The frenzy of the death that comes apace Controls my being. Those alone whose end " 4.593 Were shortened by the Archer. When day broke, Lo! on the rocks the Istrians; while the sea Swarmed with the galleys and their Grecian fleet All armed for fight: but first the war was stayed And terms proposed: life to the foe they thought Would seem the sweeter, by delay of death Thus granted. But the band devoted stood, Proud of their promised end, and life forsworn, And careless of the battle: no debate Could shake their high resolve. In numbers few ' "
5.479 of heaven, or tigress dam: until he reached Brundusium's winding ramparts, built of old By Cretan colonists. There icy winds Constrained the billows, and his trembling fleet Feared for the winter storms nor dared the main. But Caesar's soul burned at the moments lost For speedy battle, nor could brook delay Within the port, indigt that the sea Should give safe passage to his routed foe: And thus he stirred his troops, in seas unskilled, " 5.645 Either we reach the bidden shore, or else Storm and the deep forbid — we can no more." Thus said he loosed the boat and raised the sail. No sooner done than stars were seen to fall In flaming furrows from the sky: nay, more; The pole star trembled in its place on high: Black horror marked the surging of the sea; The main was boiling in long tracts of foam, Uncertain of the wind, yet seized with storm. Then spake the captain of the trembling bark:
7.404 Move forth in order and demand the fight, And knew the gods\' approval of the day, He stood astonied, while a deadly chill Struck to his heart — omen itself of woe, That such a chief should at the call to arms, Thus dread the issue: but with fear repressed, Borne on his noble steed along the line of all his forces, thus he spake: "The day Your bravery demands, that final end of civil war ye asked for, is at hand. 7.405 Move forth in order and demand the fight, And knew the gods\' approval of the day, He stood astonied, while a deadly chill Struck to his heart — omen itself of woe, That such a chief should at the call to arms, Thus dread the issue: but with fear repressed, Borne on his noble steed along the line of all his forces, thus he spake: "The day Your bravery demands, that final end of civil war ye asked for, is at hand. ' "
7.445 Think that the Senate hoar, too old for arms, With snowy locks outspread; and Rome herself, The world's high mistress, fearing now, alas! A despot — all exhort you to the fight. Think that the people that is and that shall be Joins in the prayer — in freedom to be born, In freedom die, their wish. If 'mid these vows Be still found place for mine, with wife and child, So far as Imperator may, I bend Before you suppliant — unless this fight " "7.449 Think that the Senate hoar, too old for arms, With snowy locks outspread; and Rome herself, The world's high mistress, fearing now, alas! A despot — all exhort you to the fight. Think that the people that is and that shall be Joins in the prayer — in freedom to be born, In freedom die, their wish. If 'mid these vows Be still found place for mine, with wife and child, So far as Imperator may, I bend Before you suppliant — unless this fight " '7.450 Be won, behold me exile, your disgrace, My kinsman\'s scorn. From this, \'tis yours to save. Then save! Nor in the latest stage of life, Let Magnus be a slave." Then burned their souls At these his words, indigt at the thought, And Rome rose up within them, and to die Was welcome. Thus alike with hearts aflame Moved either host to battle, one in fear And one in hope of empire. These hands shall do Such work as not the rolling centuries 7.455 Be won, behold me exile, your disgrace, My kinsman\'s scorn. From this, \'tis yours to save. Then save! Nor in the latest stage of life, Let Magnus be a slave." Then burned their souls At these his words, indigt at the thought, And Rome rose up within them, and to die Was welcome. Thus alike with hearts aflame Moved either host to battle, one in fear And one in hope of empire. These hands shall do Such work as not the rolling centuries ' "
7.796 When thou art present. Then upon his steed, Though fearing not the weapons at his back, Pompeius fled, his mighty soul prepared To meet his destinies. No groan nor tear, But solemn grief as for the fates of Rome, Was in his visage, and with mien unchanged He saw Pharsalia's woes, above the frowns Or smiles of Fortune; in triumphant days And in his fall, her master. The burden laid of thine impending fate, thou partest free " "
8.698 Kneel to the king he made. As Magnus passed, A Roman soldier from the Pharian boat, Septimius, salutes him. Gods of heaven! There stood he, minion to a barbarous king, Nor bearing still the javelin of Rome; But vile in all his arms; giant in form Fierce, brutal, thirsting as a beast may thirst For carnage. Didst thou, Fortune, for the sake of nations, spare to dread Pharsalus field This savage monster's blows? Or dost thou place " 8.722 And proved himself in dying; in his breast These thoughts revolving: "In the years to come Men shall make mention of our Roman toils, Gaze on this boat, ponder the Pharian faith; And think upon thy fame and all the years While fortune smiled: but for the ills of life How thou could\'st bear them, this men shall not know Save by thy death. Then weigh thou not the shame That waits on thine undoing. Whose strikes, The blow is Caesar\'s. Men may tear this frame
8.739 And cast it mangled to the winds of heaven; Yet have I prospered, nor can all the gods Call back my triumphs. Life may bring defeat, But death no misery. If my spouse and son Behold me murdered, silently the more I suffer: admiration at my death Shall prove their love." Thus did Pompeius die, Guarding his thoughts. But now Cornelia filled The air with lamentations at the sight; "O, husband, whom my wicked self hath slain! ' "8.740 That lonely isle apart thy bane hath been And stayed thy coming. Caesar to the NileHas won before us; for what other hand May do such work? But whosoe'er thou art Sent from the gods with power, for Caesar's ire, Or thine own sake, to slay, thou dost not know Where lies the heart of Magnus. Haste and do! Such were his prayer — no other punishment Befits the conquered. Yet let him ere his end See mine, Cornelia's. On me the blame " "8.747 That lonely isle apart thy bane hath been And stayed thy coming. Caesar to the NileHas won before us; for what other hand May do such work? But whosoe'er thou art Sent from the gods with power, for Caesar's ire, Or thine own sake, to slay, thou dost not know Where lies the heart of Magnus. Haste and do! Such were his prayer — no other punishment Befits the conquered. Yet let him ere his end See mine, Cornelia's. On me the blame " 8.767 Or else some comrade, worthy of his chief, Drive to my heart his blade for Magnus\' sake, And claim the service done to Ceasar\'s arms. What! does your cruelty withhold my fate? Ah! still he lives, nor is it mine as yet To win this freedom; they forbid me death, Kept for the victor\'s triumph." Thus she spake, While friendly hands upheld her fainting form; And sped the trembling vessel from the shore. Men say that Magnus, when the deadly blows 8.769 Or else some comrade, worthy of his chief, Drive to my heart his blade for Magnus\' sake, And claim the service done to Ceasar\'s arms. What! does your cruelty withhold my fate? Ah! still he lives, nor is it mine as yet To win this freedom; they forbid me death, Kept for the victor\'s triumph." Thus she spake, While friendly hands upheld her fainting form; And sped the trembling vessel from the shore. Men say that Magnus, when the deadly blows ' "8.770 Fell thick upon him, lost nor form divine, Nor venerated mien; and as they gazed Upon his lacerated head they marked Still on his features anger with the gods. Nor death could change his visage — for in act of striking, fierce Septimius' murderous hand (Thus making worse his crime) severed the folds That swathed the face, and seized the noble head And drooping neck ere yet was fled the life: Then placed upon the bench; and with his blade " "
9.232 In due submission to the bounds of right, Yet in this age irreverent of law Has played a noble part. Great was his power, But freedom safe: when all the plebs was prone To be his slaves, he chose the private gown; So that the Senate ruled the Roman state, The Senate's ruler: nought by right of arms He e'er demanded: willing took he gifts Yet from a willing giver: wealth was his Vast, yet the coffers of the State he filled " "
9.1092 Next with continuous cadence would they pour Unceasing chants — nor breathing space nor pause — Else spreads the poison: nor does fate permit A moment's silence. oft from the black flesh Flies forth the pest beneath the magic song: But should it linger nor obey the voice, Repugt to the summons, on the wound Prostrate they lay their lips and from the depths Now paling draw the venom. In their mouths, Sucked from the freezing flesh, they hold the death, " "
9.1101 Then spew it forth; and from the taste shall know The snake they conquer. Aided thus at length Wanders the Roman host in better guise Upon the barren fields in lengthy march. Twice veiled the moon her light and twice renewed; Yet still, with waning or with growing orb Saw Cato's steps upon the sandy waste. But more and more beneath their feet the dust Began to harden, till the Libyan tracts Once more were earth, and in the distance rose " "9.1102 Then spew it forth; and from the taste shall know The snake they conquer. Aided thus at length Wanders the Roman host in better guise Upon the barren fields in lengthy march. Twice veiled the moon her light and twice renewed; Yet still, with waning or with growing orb Saw Cato's steps upon the sandy waste. But more and more beneath their feet the dust Began to harden, till the Libyan tracts Once more were earth, and in the distance rose " 10.34 The baneful lesson that so many lands Can serve one master. Macedon he left His home obscure; Athena he despised The conquest of his sire, and spurred by fate Through Asia rushed with havoc of mankind, Plunging his sword through peoples; streams unknown Ran red with Persian and with Indian blood. Curse of all earth and thunderbolt of ill To every nation! On the outer sea He launched his fleet to sail the ocean wave: ' "
10.68 The Parthia fatal to our Roman arms. Now from the stream Pelusian of the Nile, Was come the boyish king, taming the rage of his effeminate people: pledge of peace; And Caesar safely trod Pellaean halls; When Cleopatra bribed her guard to break The harbour chains, and borne in little boat Within the Macedonian palace gates, Caesar unknowing, entered: Egypt's shame; Fury of Latium; to the bane of Rome" "
10.149 Onyx and porphyry on the spacious floor Were trodden 'neath the foot; the mighty gates of Maroe's throughout were formed, He mere adornment; ivory clothed the hall, And fixed upon the doors with labour rare Shells of the tortoise gleamed, from Indian Seas, With frequent emeralds studded. Gems of price And yellow jasper on the couches shone. Lustrous the coverlets; the major part Dipped more than once within the vats of Tyre" '10.150 Had drunk their juice: part feathered as with gold; Part crimson dyed, in manner as are passed Through Pharian leash the threads. There waited slaves In number as a people, some in ranks By different blood distinguished, some by age; This band with Libyan, that with auburn hair Red so that Caesar on the banks of RhineNone such had witnessed; some with features scorched By torrid suns, their locks in twisted coils Drawn from their foreheads. Eunuchs too were there, ' "
10.301 Deep in the earth, within whose mighty jaws Waters in noiseless current underneath From northern cold to southern climes are drawn: And when hot Meroe pants beneath the sun, Then, say they, Ganges through the silent depths And Padus pass: and from a single fount The Nile arising not in single streams Pours all the rivers forth. And rumour says That when the sea which girdles in the world O'erflows, thence rushes Nile, by lengthy course, " "10.302 Deep in the earth, within whose mighty jaws Waters in noiseless current underneath From northern cold to southern climes are drawn: And when hot Meroe pants beneath the sun, Then, say they, Ganges through the silent depths And Padus pass: and from a single fount The Nile arising not in single streams Pours all the rivers forth. And rumour says That when the sea which girdles in the world O'erflows, thence rushes Nile, by lengthy course, " " None |
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59. New Testament, 1 Thessalonians, 5.8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Christianity, civic pride in the apostle Paul • Thessalonika, Christian civic pride • city, civic life context/religion
Found in books: Nasrallah (2019), Archaeology and the Letters of Paul, 238; Rüpke and Woolf (2013), Religious Dimensions of the Self in the Second Century CE. 76
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5.8 ἡμεῖς δὲ ἡμέρας ὄντες νήφωμεν,ἐνδυσάμενοι θώρακαπίστεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶπερικε φαλαίανἐλπίδασωτηρίας·'' None | sup>
5.8 But let us, since we belong to the day, be sober, putting on the breastplate of faith and love, and, for a helmet, the hope of salvation. '' None |
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60. New Testament, 1 Timothy, 2.8-2.10 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • city, civic life context/religion • identity, civic identity
Found in books: Rüpke and Woolf (2013), Religious Dimensions of the Self in the Second Century CE. 76; Sandnes and Hvalvik (2014), Early Christian Prayer and Identity Formation 141
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2.8 Βούλομαι οὖν προσεύχεσθαι τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ, ἐπαίροντας ὁσίους χεῖρας χωρὶς ὀργῆς καὶ διαλογισμῶν. 2.9 Ὡσαύτως γυναῖκας ἐν καταστολῇ κοσμίῳ μετὰ αἰδοῦς καὶ σωφροσύνης κοσμεῖν ἑαυτάς, μὴ ἐν πλέγμασιν καὶ χρυσίῳ ἢ μαργαρίταις ἢ ἱματισμῷ πολυτελεῖ, 2.10 ἀλλʼ ὃ πρέπει γυναιξὶν ἐπαγγελλομέναις θεοσέβειαν, διʼ ἔργων ἀγαθῶν.'' None | sup>
2.8 I desire therefore that the men in every place pray, lifting up holy hands without wrath and doubting. 2.9 In the same way, that women also adorn themselves in decent clothing, with modesty and propriety; not just with braided hair, gold, pearls, or expensive clothing; 2.10 but (which becomes women professing godliness) with good works. '' None |
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61. New Testament, Acts, 17.16, 17.22 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Sculpture, , in city centers and civic monuments • civilized, -ation • identity, civic identity
Found in books: Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 169; Sandnes and Hvalvik (2014), Early Christian Prayer and Identity Formation 142; Williams (2023), Criminalization in Acts of the Apostles Race, Rhetoric, and the Prosecution of an Early Christian Movement. 103
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17.16 Ἐν δὲ ταῖς Ἀθήναις ἐκδεχομένου αὐτοὺς τοῦ Παύλου, παρωξύνετο τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ θεωροῦντος κατείδωλον οὖσαν τὴν πόλιν.
17.22 σταθεὶς δὲ Παῦλος ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ Ἀρείου Πάγου ἔφη Ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, κατὰ πάντα ὡς δεισιδαιμονεστέρους ὑμᾶς θεωρῶ·'' None | sup>
17.16 Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he saw the city full of idols.
17.22 Paul stood in the midst of the Areopagus, and said, "You men of Athens, I perceive that you are very religious in all things. '' None |
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62. Plutarch, Cicero, 44.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Capitol, during civil unrest • Civil War • Curia (Senate-House), during civil unrest • Forum, during civil unrest • Jupiter Best and Greatest, Temple of, during civil unrest • Senate, during civil unrest • movement in the city, during civil unrest
Found in books: Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 159; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 258
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44.3 τοὺς δὲ πολίτας ὑπὸ σπουδῆς θέοντας ἵστασθαι περὶ τὸν νεών, καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἐν ταῖς περιπορφύροις καθέζεσθαι σιωπὴν ἔχοντας, ἐξαίφνης δὲ τῶν θυρῶν ἀνοιχθεισῶν καθʼ ἕνα τῶν παίδων ἀνισταμένων κύκλῳ παρὰ τὸν θεὸν παραπορεύεσθαι, τὸν δὲ πάντας ἐπισκοπεῖν καὶ ἀποπέμπειν ἀχθομένους. ὡς δʼ οὗτος ἦν προσιὼν κατʼ αὐτόν, ἐκτεῖναι τὴν δεξιὰν καὶ εἰπεῖν ὦ Ῥωμαῖοι, πέρας ὑμῖν ἐμφυλίων πολέμων οὗτος ἡγεμὼν γενόμενος.'' None | sup>
44.3 '' None |
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63. Plutarch, Romulus, 9.5-9.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 41; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 41
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9.5 συνθεμένων δὲ τὴν ἔριν ὄρνισιν αἰσίοις βραβεῦσαι, καὶ καθεζομένων χωρίς, ἕξ φασι τῷ Ῥέμῳ, διπλασίους δὲ τῷ Ῥωμύλῳ προφανῆναι γῦπας· οἱ δὲ τὸν μὲν Ῥέμον ἀληθῶς ἰδεῖν, ψεύσασθαι δὲ τὸν Ῥωμύλον, ἐλθόντος δὲ τοῦ Ῥέμου, τότε τοὺς δώδεκα τῷ Ῥωμύλῳ φανῆναι· διὸ καὶ νῦν μάλιστα χρῆσθαι γυψὶ Ῥωμαίους οἰωνιζομένους. Ἡρόδωρος δʼ ὁ Ποντικὸς ἱστορεῖ καὶ τὸν Ἡρακλέα χαίρειν γυπὸς ἐπὶ πράξει φανέντος. 9.6 ἔστι μὲν γὰρ ἀβλαβέστατον ζῴων ἁπάντων, μηδὲν ὧν σπείρουσιν ἢ φυτεύουσιν ἢ νέμουσιν ἄνθρωποι σινόμενον, τρέφεται δʼ ἀπὸ νεκρῶν σωμάτων, ἀποκτίννυσι δʼ οὐδὲν οὐδὲ λυμαίνεται ψυχὴν ἔχον, πτηνοῖς δὲ διὰ συγγένειαν οὐδὲ νεκροῖς πρόσεισιν. ἀετοὶ δὲ καὶ γλαῦκες καὶ ἱέρακες ζῶντα κόπτουσι τὰ ὁμόφυλα καὶ φονεύουσι· καίτοι κατʼ Αἰσχύλονὄρνιθος ὄρνις πῶς ἂν ἁγνεύοι φαγών;'' None | sup>
9.5 Agreeing to settle their quarrel by the flight of birds of omen, Cf. Livy, i. 7, 1. and taking their seats on the ground apart from one another, six vultures, they say, were seen by Remus, and twice that number by Romulus. Some, however, say that whereas Remus truly saw his six, Romulus lied about his twelve, but that when Remus came to him, then he did see the twelve. Hence it is that at the present time also the Romans chiefly regard vultures when they take auguries from the flight of birds. Herodorus Ponticus relates that Hercules also was glad to see a vulture present itself when he was upon an exploit. 9.6 For it is the least harmful of all creatures, injures no grain, fruit-tree, or cattle, and lives on carrion. But it does not kill or maltreat anything that has life, and as for birds, it will not touch them even when they are dead, since they are of its own species. But eagles, owls, and hawks smite their own kind when alive, and kill them. And yet, in the words of Aeschylus:— Suppliants, 226 (Dindorf). How shall a bird that preys on fellow bird be clean?'' None |
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64. Plutarch, Sulla, 7.4, 7.6, 7.12 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil War, between Sulla and Marius • Civil War, between Sulla and the Marians • War, civil
Found in books: Leão and Lanzillotta (2019), A Man of Many Interests: Plutarch on Religion, Myth, and Magic, 124; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 89, 91
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7.6 τῆς δὲ συγκλήτου τοῖς μάντεσι περὶ τούτων σχολαζούσης καὶ καθημένης ἐν τῷ ναῷ τῆς Ἐνυοῦς, στρουθὸς εἰσέπτη πάντων ὁρώντων τέττιγα φέρων τῷ στόματι, καὶ τὸ μὲν ἐκβαλὼν μέρος αὐτοῦ κατέλιπε, τὸ δὲ ἔχων ἀπῆλθεν. ὑφεωρῶντο δὴ στάσιν οἱ τερατοσκόποι καὶ διαφορὰν τῶν κτηματικῶν πρὸς τὸν ἀστικὸν ὄχλον καὶ ἀγοραῖον φωνάεντα γὰρ τοῦτον εἶναι καθάπερ τέττιγα, τοὺς δὲ χωρίτας ἀρουραίους.' ' None | sup>
7.6 ' ' None |
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65. Suetonius, Otho, 7.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 160; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 160
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7.1 \xa0Next, as the day was drawing to its close, he entered the senate and after giving a brief account of himself, alleging that he had been carried off in the streets and forced to undertake the rule, which he would exercise in accordance with the general will, he went to the Palace. When in the midst of the other adulations of those who congratulated and flattered him, he was hailed by the common herd as Nero, he made no sign of dissent; on the contrary, according to some writers, he even made use of that surname in his commissions and his first letters to some of the governors of the provinces. Certain it is that he suffered Nero's busts and statues to be set up again, and reinstated his procurators and freedmen in their former posts, while the first grant that he signed as emperor was one of fifty million sesterces for finishing the Golden House."" None |
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66. Tacitus, Annals, 2.59.1, 14.49 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Lucan, Bellum Civile • civil war • civil war, discordia • civil wars • princeps civilis, and verecundia • verecundia, and princeps civilis
Found in books: Blum and Biggs (2019), The Epic Journey in Greek and Roman Literature, 206; Kaster(2005), Emotion, Restraint, and Community in Ancient Rome, 174; Poulsen (2021), Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography, 169; Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 200
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14.49 Libertas Thraseae servitium aliorum rupit et postquam discessionem consul permiserat, pedibus in sententiam eius iere, paucis exceptis, in quibus adulatione promptissimus fuit A. Vitellius, optimum quemque iurgio lacessens et respondenti reticens, ut pavida ingenia solent. at consules perficere decretum senatus non ausi de consensu scripsere Caesari. ille inter pudorem et iram cunctatus, postremo rescripsit nulla iniuria provocatum Antistium gravissimas in principem contumelias dixisse; earum ultionem a patribus postulatam et pro magnitudine delicti poenam statui par fuisse. ceterum se, qui severitatem decernentium impediturus fuerit, moderationem non prohibere: statuerent ut vellent, datam et absolvendi licentiam. his atque talibus recitatis et offensione manifesta, non ideo aut consules mutavere relationem aut Thrasea decessit sententia ceterive quae probaverant deseruere, pars, ne principem obiecisse invidiae viderentur, plures numero tuti, Thrasea sueta firmitudine animi et ne gloria intercideret.' ' None | sup>
14.49 \xa0The independence of Thrasea broke through the servility of others, and, on the consul authorizing a division, he was followed in the voting by all but a\xa0few dissentients â\x80\x94 the most active sycophant in their number being Aulus Vitellius, who levelled his abuse at all men of decency, and, as is the wont of cowardly natures, lapsed into silence when the reply came. The consuls, however, not venturing to complete the senatorial decree in form, wrote to the emperor and stated the opinion of the meeting. He, after some vacillation between shame and anger, finally wrote back that "Antistius, unprovoked by any injury, had given utterance to the most intolerable insults upon the sovereign. For those insults retribution had been demanded from the Fathers; and it would have been reasonable to fix a penalty proportioned to the gravity of the offence. Still, as he had proposed to check undue severity in their sentence, he would not interfere with their moderation; they must decide as they pleased â\x80\x94 they had been given liberty even to acquit." These observations, and the like, were read aloud, and the imperial displeasure was evident. The consuls, however, did not change the motion on that account; Thrasea did not waive his proposal; nor did the remaining members desert the cause they had approved; one section, lest it should seem to have placed the emperor in an invidious position; a\xa0majority, because there was safety in their numbers; Thrasea, through his usual firmness of temper, and a desire not to let slip the credit he had earned. <' ' None |
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67. Tacitus, Histories, 1.1-1.3, 1.72, 2.101, 3.55, 3.71-3.72, 4.1, 4.17, 4.54, 4.72, 4.74 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Asia, as seen by Civilis • Capitol, during civil unrest • Civil War, between Sulla and the Marians • Civil war • Forum, during civil unrest • Iulius Civilis, C. • Julius Civilis • Julius Civilis, C. • Roman Civilization, empire and emperors • Senate, during civil unrest • Syrians, as seen by Civilis • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • Vespasian, and civil war of AD • audience, and memory of civil wars • civil war • civil war of AD • civil war, bella permixta • civil war, discordia • civil wars • civil wars, as subject of poetry • historiography, civil wars and • princeps civilis, and verecundia • verecundia, and princeps civilis
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 160; Augoustakis et al. (2021), Fides in Flavian Literature, 68, 266; Baumann and Liotsakis (2022), Reading History in the Roman Empire, 175; Bowditch (2001), Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination, 75; Braund and Most (2004), Ancient Anger: Perspectives from Homer to Galen, 241; Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 140; Isaac (2004), The invention of racism in classical antiquity, 191; Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 37, 135, 136, 137, 139; Kaster(2005), Emotion, Restraint, and Community in Ancient Rome, 174; Kingsley Monti and Rood (2022), The Authoritative Historian: Tradition and Innovation in Ancient Historiography, 370; König and Whitton (2018), Roman Literature under Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian: Literary Interactions, AD 96–138 102, 103; Poulsen (2021), Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography, 77; Price, Finkelberg and Shahar (2021), Rome: An Empire of Many Nations: New Perspectives on Ethnic Diversity and Cultural Identity, 194; Roumpou (2023), Ritual and the Poetics of Closure in Flavian Literature. 183; Rutledge (2012), Ancient Rome as a Museum: Power, Identity, and the Culture of Collecting, 281; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 135; Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 46, 49; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 160
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1.72 \xa0Equal delight, but for different reasons, was felt when the destruction of Tigellinus was secured. ofonius Tigellinus was of obscure parentage; his youth had been infamous and in his old age he was profligate. Command of the city watch and of the praetorians and other prizes which belong to virtue he had obtained by vices as the quicker course; then, afterwards, he practised cruelty and later greed, offences which belong to maturity. He also corrupted Nero so that he was ready for any wickedness; he dared certain acts without Nero's knowledge and finally deserted and betrayed him. So no one was more persistently demanded for punishment from different motives, both by those who hated Nero and by those who regretted him. Under Galba Tigellinus had been protected by the influence of Titus Vinius, who claimed that Tigellinus had saved his daughter. He undoubtedly had saved her, not, however, prompted by mercy (he had killed so many victims!) but to secure a refuge for the future, since the worst of rascals in their distrust of the present and fear of a change always try to secure private gratitude as an off-set to public detestation, having no regard for innocence, but wishing to obtain mutual impunity in wrong-doing. These facts made the people more hostile toward him, and their old hatred was increased by their recent dislike for Titus Vinius. They rushed from every part of the city to the Palatine and the fora, and, pouring into the circus and theatres where the common people have the greatest licence, they broke out into seditious cries, until finally Tigellinus, at the baths of Sinuessa, receiving the message that the hour of his supreme necessity had come, amid the embraces and kisses of his mistresses, shamefully delaying his end, finally cut his throat with a razor, still further defiling a notorious life by a tardy and ignominious death." 3.55 \xa0Vitellius was like a man wakened from a deep sleep. He ordered Julius Priscus and Alfenus Avarus to block the passes of the Apennines with fourteen praetorian cohorts and all the cavalry. A\xa0legion of marines followed them later. These thousands of armed forces, consisting too of picked men and horses, were equal to taking the offensive if they had had another leader. The rest of the cohorts Vitellius gave to his brother Lucius for the defence of Rome, while he, abating in no degree his usual life of pleasure and urged on by his lack of confidence in the future, held the comitia before the usual time, and designated the consuls for many years to come. He granted special treaties to allies and bestowed Latin rights on foreigners with a generous hand; he reduced the tribute for some provincials, he relieved others from all obligations â\x80\x94 in short, with no regard for the future he crippled the empire. But the mob attended in delight on the great indulgences that he bestowed; the most foolish citizens bought them, while the wise regarded as worthless privileges which could neither be granted nor accepted if the state was to stand. Finally Vitellius listened to the demands of his army which had stopped at Mevania, and left Rome, accompanied by a long line of senators, many of whom were drawn in his train by their desire to secure his favour, most however by fear. So he came to camp with no clear purpose in mind, an easy prey to treacherous advice.
3.71 \xa0Martialis had hardly returned to the Capitol when the soldiers arrived in fury. They had no leader; each directed his own movements. Rushing through the Forum and past the temples that rise above it, they advanced in column up the hill, as far as the first gates of the Capitoline citadel. There were then some old colonnades on the right as you go up the slopes; the defenders came out on the roofs of these and showered stones and tiles on their assailants. The latter had no arms except their swords, and they thought that it would cost too much time to send for artillery and missiles; consequently they threw firebrands on a projecting colonnade, and then followed in the path of the flames; they actually burned the gates of the Capitol and would have forced their way through, if Sabinus had not torn down all the statues, memorials to the glory of our ancestors, and piled them up across the entrance as a barricade. Then the assailants tried different approaches to the Capitol, one by the grove of the asylum and another by the hundred steps that lead up to the Tarpeian Rock. Both attacks were unexpected; but the one by the asylum was closer and more threatening. Moreover, the defenders were unable to stop those who climbed through neighbouring houses, which, built high in time of peace, reached the level of the Capitol. It is a question here whether it was the besiegers or the besieged who threw fire on the roofs. The more common tradition says this was done by the latter in their attempts to repel their assailants, who were climbing up or had reached the top. From the houses the fire spread to the colonnades adjoining the temple; then the "eagles" which supported the roof, being of old wood, caught and fed the flames. So the Capitol burned with its doors closed; none defended it, none pillaged it.' "3.72 \xa0This was the saddest and most shameful crime that the Roman state had ever suffered since its foundation. Rome had no foreign foe; the gods were ready to be propitious if our characters had allowed; and yet the home of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, founded after due auspices by our ancestors as a pledge of empire, which neither Porsenna, when the city gave itself up to him, nor the Gauls when they captured it, could violate â\x80\x94 this was the shrine that the mad fury of emperors destroyed! The Capitol had indeed been burned before in civil war, but the crime was that of private individuals. Now it was openly besieged, openly burned â\x80\x94 and what were the causes that led to arms? What was the price paid for this great disaster? This temple stood intact so long as we fought for our country. King Tarquinius Priscus had vowed it in the war with the Sabines and had laid its foundations rather to match his hope of future greatness than in accordance with what the fortunes of the Roman people, still moderate, could supply. Later the building was begun by Servius Tullius with the enthusiastic help of Rome's allies, and afterwards carried on by Tarquinius Superbus with the spoils taken from the enemy at the capture of Suessa Pometia. But the glory of completing the work was reserved for liberty: after the expulsion of the kings, Horatius Pulvillus in his second consulship dedicated it; and its magnificence was such that the enormous wealth of the Roman people acquired thereafter adorned rather than increased its splendour. The temple was built again on the same spot when after an interval of four hundred and fifteen years it had been burned in the consulship of Lucius Scipio and Gaius Norbanus. The victorious Sulla undertook the work, but still he did not dedicate it; that was the only thing that his good fortune was refused. Amid all the great works built by the Caesars the name of Lutatius Catulus kept its place down to Vitellius's day. This was the temple that then was burned." "
4.1 \xa0The death of Vitellius was rather the end of war than the beginning of peace. The victors ranged through the city in arms, pursuing their defeated foes with implacable hatred: the streets were full of carnage, the fora and temples reeked with blood; they slew right and left everyone whom chance put in their way. Presently, as their licence increased, they began to hunt out and drag into the light those who had concealed themselves; did they espy anyone who was tall and young, they cut him down, regardless whether he was soldier or civilian. Their ferocity, which found satisfaction in bloodshed while their hatred was fresh, turned then afterwards to greed. They let no place remain secret or closed, pretending that Vitellians were in hiding. This led to the forcing of private houses or, if resistance was made, became an excuse for murder. Nor was there any lack of starvelings among the mob or of the vilest slaves ready to betray their rich masters; others were pointed out by their friends. Everywhere were lamentations, cries of anguish, and the misfortunes that befall a captured city; so that the citizens actually longed for the licence of Otho's and Vitellius's soldiers, which earlier they had detested. The generals of the Flavian party, who had been quick to start the conflagration of civil war, were unequal to the task of controlling their victory, for in times of violence and civil strife the worst men have the greatest power; peace and quiet call for honest arts."
4.17 \xa0This victory was glorious for the enemy at the moment and useful for the future. They gained arms and boats which they needed, and were greatly extolled as liberators throughout the German and Gallic provinces. The Germans at once sent delegations offering assistance; the Gallic provinces Civilis tried to win to an alliance by craft and gifts, sending back the captured prefects to their own states and giving the soldiers of the cohorts permission to go or stay as they pleased. Those who stayed were given honourable service in the army, those who left were offered spoils taken from the Romans. At the same time in private conversation he reminded them of the miseries that they had endured so many years while they falsely called their wretched servitude a peace. "The Batavians," he said, "although free from tribute, have taken up arms against our common masters. In the very first engagement the Romans have been routed and defeated. What if the Gallic provinces should throw off the yoke? What forces are there left in Italy? It is by the blood of the provinces that provinces are won. Do not think of Vindex\'s battle. It was the Batavian cavalry that crushed the Aedui and Averni; among the auxiliary forces of Verginius were Belgians, and if you consider the matter aright you will see that Gaul owed its fall to its own forces. Now all belong to the same party, and we have gained besides all the strength that military training in Roman camps can give; I\xa0have with me veteran cohorts before which Otho\'s legions lately succumbed. Let Syria, Asia, and the East, which is accustomed to kings, play the slave; there are many still alive in Gaul who were born before tribute was known. Surely it was not long ago that slavery was driven from Germany by the killing of Quintilius Varus, and the emperor whom the Germans then challenged was not a Vitellius but a Caesar Augustus. Liberty is a gift which nature has granted even to dumb animals, but courage is the peculiar blessing of man. The gods favour the braver: on, therefore, carefree against the distressed, fresh against the weary. While some favour Vespasian and others Vitellius, the field is open against both." \xa0In this way Civilis, turning his attention eagerly toward the Germanies and the Gauls, was preparing, should his plans prove successful, to gain the kingship over the strongest and richest nations. But Hordeonius Flaccus furthered his enterprises at first by affecting to be unaware of them; when, however, terrified messengers brought word of the capture of camps, the destruction of cohorts, and the expulsion of the Roman name from the island of the Batavians, he ordered Munius Lupercus, who commanded the two legions in winter quarters, to take the field against the foe. Lupercus quickly transported to the island all the legionaries that he had, as well as the Ubii from the auxiliaries quartered close by and a body of Treviran cavalry which was not far away. He joined to these forces a squadron of Batavian cavalry, which, although already won over to the other side, still pretended to be faithful, that by betraying the Romans on the very field itself it might win a greater reward for its desertion. Civilis had the standards of the captured cohorts ranged about him that his own troops might have the evidence of their newly-won glory before their eyes and that the enemy might be terrified by the memory of their defeat; he ordered his own mother and his sisters, likewise the wives and little children of all his men, to take their stand behind his troops to encourage them to victory or to shame them if defeated. When the enemy\'s line re-echoed with the men\'s singing and the women\'s cries, the shout with which the legions and cohorts answered was far from equal. Our left had already been exposed by the desertion of the Batavian horse, which at once turned against us. Yet the legionary troops kept their arms and maintained their ranks in spite of the alarming situation. The auxiliary forces made up of the Ubii and Treveri fled disgracefully and wandered in disorder over the country. The Germans made them the object of their attack, and so the legions meanwhile were able to escape to the camp called Vetera. Claudius Labeo, who was in command of the Batavian horse, had been a rival of Civilis in some local matter, and was consequently now removed to the Frisii, that he might not, if killed, excite his fellow-tribesmen to anger, or, if kept with the forces, sow seeds of discord.
4.54 \xa0In the meantime the news of the death of Vitellius, spreading through the Gallic and German provinces, had started a second war; for Civilis, now dropping all pretence, openly attacked the Roman people, and the legions of Vitellius preferred to be subject even to foreign domination rather than to obey Vespasian as emperor. The Gauls had plucked up fresh courage, believing that all our armies were everywhere in the same case, for the rumour had spread that our winter quarters in Moesia and Pannonia were being besieged by the Sarmatae and Dacians; similar stories were invented about Britain. But nothing had encouraged them to believe that the end of our rule was at hand so much as the burning of the Capitol. "Once long ago Rome was captured by the Gauls, but since Jove\'s home was unharmed, the Roman power stood firm: now this fatal conflagration has given a proof from heaven of the divine wrath and presages the passage of the sovereignty of the world to the peoples beyond the Alps." Such were the vain and superstitious prophecies of the Druids. Moreover, the report had gone abroad that the Gallic chiefs, when sent by Otho to oppose Vitellius, had pledged themselves before their departure not to fail the cause of freedom in case an unbroken series of civil wars and internal troubles destroyed the power of the Roman people.
4.72 \xa0On the next day Cerialis entered the colony of the Treviri. His soldiers were eager to plunder the town and said "This is Classicus\'s native city, and Tutor\'s as well; they are the men whose treason has caused our legions to be besieged and massacred. What monstrous crime had Cremona committed? Yet Cremona was torn from the very bosom of Italy because she delayed the victors one single night. This colony stands on the boundaries of Germany, unharmed, and rejoices in the spoils taken from our armies and in the murder of our commanders. The booty may go to the imperial treasury: it is enough for us to set fire to this rebellious colony and to destroy it, for in that way we can compensate for the destruction of so many of our camps." Cerialis feared the disgrace that he would suffer if men were to believe that he imbued his troops with a spirit of licence and cruelty, and he therefore checked their passionate anger: and they obeyed him, for now that they had given up civil war, they were more moderate with reference to foreign foes. Their attention was then attracted by the sad aspect which the legions summoned from among the Mediomatrici presented. These troops stood there, downcast by the consciousness of their own guilt, their eyes fixed on the ground: when the armies met, there was no exchange of greetings; the soldiers made no answer to those who tried to console or to encourage them; they remained hidden in their tents and avoided the very light of day. It was not so much danger and fear as a sense of their shame and disgrace that paralyzed them, while even the victors were struck dumb. The latter did not dare to speak or make entreaty, but by their tears and silence they continued to ask forgiveness for their fellows, until Cerialis at last quieted them by saying that fate was responsible for all that had resulted from the differences between the soldiers and their commanders or from the treachery of their enemies. He urged them to consider this as the first day of their service and of their allegiance, and he declared that neither the emperor nor he remembered their former misdeeds. Then they were taken into the same camp\xa0with the rest, and a proclamation was read in each company forbidding any soldier in quarrel or dispute to taunt a comrade with treason or murder.
4.74 \xa0"There were always kings and wars throughout Gaul until you submitted to our laws. Although often provoked by you, the only use we have made of our rights as victors has been to impose on you the necessary costs of maintaining peace; for you cannot secure tranquillity among nations without armies, nor maintain armies without pay, nor provide pay without taxes: everything else we have in common. You often command our legions; you rule these and other provinces; we claim no privileges, you suffer no exclusion. You enjoy the advantage of the good emperors equally with us, although you dwell far from the capital: the cruel emperors assail those nearest them. You endure barren years, excessive rains, and all other natural evils; in like manner endure the extravagance or greed of your rulers. There will be vices so long as there are men, but these vices are not perpetual and they are compensated for by the coming of better times: unless perchance you hope that you will enjoy a milder rule if Tutor and Classicus reign over you, or that the taxes required to provide armies to keep out the Germans and Britons will be less than now. For, if the Romans are driven out â\x80\x94 which Heaven forbid â\x80\x94\xa0what will follow except universal war among all peoples? The good fortune and order of eight hundred years have built up this mighty fabric which cannot be destroyed without overwhelming its destroyers: moreover, you are in the greatest danger, for you possess gold and wealth, which are the chief causes of war. Therefore love and cherish peace and the city wherein we, conquerors and conquered alike, enjoy an equal right: be warned by the lessons of fortune both good and bad not to prefer defiance and ruin to obedience and security." With such words Cerialis quieted and encouraged his hearers, who feared severer measures.' " None |
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68. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • civil war • civil wars
Found in books: Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 33; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 109
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69. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Rome, and civil war • civil war
Found in books: Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 21; Braund and Most (2004), Ancient Anger: Perspectives from Homer to Galen, 230
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70. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Roman Civilization, empire and emperors • civil war
Found in books: Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 136; Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020), Divination, Prediction and the End of the Roman Republic, 362
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71. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 38, 48, 115, 120; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 38, 48, 115, 120
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72. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 121; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 121
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73. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • civil war
Found in books: Duffalo (2006), The Ghosts of the Past: Latin Literature, the Dead, and Rome's Transition to a Principate. 123; Gee (2013), Aratus and the Astronomical Tradition, 136
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74. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil war • Thebes, and civil war • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civil war
Found in books: Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 144, 145; Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 48, 118, 130; Duffalo (2006), The Ghosts of the Past: Latin Literature, the Dead, and Rome's Transition to a Principate. 123; Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 164; Skempis and Ziogas (2014), Geography, Topography, Landscape: Configurations of Space in Greek and Roman Epic 463; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 48, 118, 130
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75. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Caesar, C. Julius, role in civil wars • Pompey, Cn. Magnus, role in civil war • ius civile
Found in books: Nelsestuen (2015), Varro the Agronomist: Political Philosophy, Satire, and Agriculture in the Late Republic. 6; Tuori (2016), The Emperor of Law: The Emergence of Roman Imperial Adjudication<, 54
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76. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 160; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 160
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77. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Asia, as seen by Civilis • Roman Civilization • Roman Civilization, Republic • Roman Civilization, empire and emperors • Roman Civilization, government • Roman Civilization, imperialism • Syrians, as seen by Civilis
Found in books: Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 41, 55, 146; Isaac (2004), The invention of racism in classical antiquity, 191
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78. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • corona (crown), civica (civic, of oak-leaves) • oaths, civil
Found in books: Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 89; Hickson (1993), Roman prayer language: Livy and the Aneid of Vergil, 111
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79. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil war • Roman Civilization, scholars and scholarship • insults, and civil status • movement in the city, during civil unrest
Found in books: Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 224; Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 165; Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 126; Richlin (2018), Slave Theater in the Roman Republic: Plautus and Popular Comedy, 232
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80. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Roman Civilization • Roman Civilization, empire and emperors • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 48; Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 232; König and Whitton (2018), Roman Literature under Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian: Literary Interactions, AD 96–138 239; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 48
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81. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Roman Civilization, empire and emperors • Roman Civilization, gods • Roman Civilization, government • Roman civil law
Found in books: Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 130, 173, 191; Spielman (2020), Jews and Entertainment in the Ancient World. 136, 137
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82. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Caesar, Julius, Commentarii De Bello Civili • Civil war • Petronius, Bellum Civile
Found in books: Beck (2021), Repetition, Communication, and Meaning in the Ancient World, 285, 300; Joseph (2022), Thunder and Lament: Lucan on the Beginnings and Ends of Epic, 138; Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 166; Roumpou (2023), Ritual and the Poetics of Closure in Flavian Literature. 194
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83. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Civil War, between Octavian and Mark Antony • Roman Civilization, gods • Rome (Ancient), civic tributes to memory • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • war, civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 117; Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 184; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 243; Galinsky (2016), Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 20; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 201; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 117
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84. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 41; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 41
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85. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • dress, civic magistrates’ • magistrates, civic
Found in books: Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 240; Thonemann (2020), An Ancient Dream Manual: Artemidorus' the Interpretation of Dreams, 206
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86. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Caesar, C. Julius, role in civil wars • Civil War, Second • Pompey, Cn. Magnus, role in civil war
Found in books: Konrad (2022), The Challenge to the Auspices: Studies on Magisterial Power in the Middle Roman Republic, 104; Nelsestuen (2015), Varro the Agronomist: Political Philosophy, Satire, and Agriculture in the Late Republic. 175
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87. Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Roman Civilization, empire and emperors • civic culture • quppa, as civic institution
Found in books: Eliav (2023), A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean, 136; Gardner (2015), The Origins of Organized Charity in Rabbinic Judaism, 150
| 17b ומה נחש שממית ומרבה טומאה טהור שרץ שאינו ממית ומרבה טומאה אינו דין שיהא טהור ולא היא מידי דהוה אקוץ בעלמא,אמר רב יהודה אמר רב כל עיר שאין בה שנים לדבר ואחד לשמוע אין מושיבין בה סנהדרי ובביתר הוו שלשה וביבנה ארבעה רבי אליעזר ורבי יהושע ור"ע ושמעון התימני דן לפניהם בקרקע,מיתיבי שלישית חכמה רביעית אין למעלה הימנה הוא דאמר כי האי תנא דתניא שניה חכמה שלישית אין למעלה הימנה,למידין לפני חכמים לוי מרבי דנין לפני חכמים שמעון בן עזאי ושמעון בן זומא וחנן המצרי וחנניא בן חכינאי רב נחמן בר יצחק מתני חמשה שמעון שמעון ושמעון חנן וחנניה,רבותינו שבבבל רב ושמואל רבותינו שבארץ ישראל רבי אבא דייני גולה קרנא דייני דארץ ישראל רבי אמי ורבי אסי דייני דפומבדיתא רב פפא בר שמואל דייני דנהרדעא רב אדא בר מניומי סבי דסורא רב הונא ורב חסדא סבי דפומבדיתא רב יהודה ורב עינא חריפי דפומבדיתא עיפה ואבימי בני רחבה אמוראי דפומבדיתא רבה ורב יוסף אמוראי דנהרדעי רב חמא,נהרבלאי מתנו רמי בר ברבי אמרי בי רב רב הונא והאמר רב הונא אמרי בי רב אלא רב המנונא אמרי במערבא רבי ירמיה שלחו מתם ר\' יוסי בר חנינא מחכו עלה במערבא ר\' אלעזר,והא שלחו מתם לדברי רבי יוסי בר חנינא אלא איפוך שלחו מתם ר\' אלעזר מחכו עלה במערבא רבי יוסי בר חנינא:,וכמה יהא בעיר ויהא ראויה לסנהדרין מאה ועשרים וכו\': מאה ועשרים מאי עבידתייהו עשרים ושלשה כנגד סנהדרי קטנה ושלש שורות של עשרים ושלשה הרי תשעים ותרתי ועשרה בטלנין של בית הכנסת הרי מאה ותרי,ושני סופרים ושני חזנין ושני בעלי דינין ושני עדים ושני זוממין ושני זוממי זוממין הרי מאה וארביסר,ותניא כל עיר שאין בה עשרה דברים הללו אין תלמיד חכם רשאי לדור בתוכה בית דין מכין ועונשין וקופה של צדקה נגבית בשנים ומתחלקת בשלשה ובית הכנסת ובית המרחץ וביהכ"ס רופא ואומן ולבלר (וטבח) ומלמד תינוקות משום ר\' עקיבא אמרו אף מיני פירא מפני שמיני פירא מאירין את העינים:,ר\' נחמיה אומר וכו\': תניא רבי אומר'' None | 17b If a snake, which kills other creatures whose carcasses are impure and thereby increases impurity in the world, is itself nevertheless pure, as it is not included in the list of impure creeping animals, then concerning a creeping animal that does not kill and does not increase impurity, isn’t it logical that it should be pure? This argument is rejected: But it is not so; the logic of the halakha of a creeping animal is just as it is concerning the halakha with regard to an ordinary thorn, which can injure people or animals and can even kill and thereby increase impurity, but is nevertheless pure. It is therefore apparent that this consideration is not relevant to the halakhot of impurity.,§ Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: With regard to any city that does not have among its residents two men who are able to speak all seventy languages and one additional man who is able to listen to and understand statements made in all the languages, even if he cannot speak all of them, they do not place a lesser Sanhedrin there. The members of the Sanhedrin do not all need to know all of the languages, but there must be at least this minimum number. And in Beitar there were three individuals who were able to speak all seventy languages, and in Yavne there were four, and they were: Rabbi Eliezer, and Rabbi Yehoshua, and Rabbi Akiva, and Shimon HaTimni, who was not an ordained Sage, and he would therefore deliberate before the other judges while seated on the ground, not among the rows of Sages.,The Gemara raises an objection to this from a baraita: A third, i.e., a Sanhedrin that has three individuals who can speak all seventy languages, is a wise Sanhedrin, and if it also has a fourth such person, there is no court above it, meaning that there is no need for additional language experts. Apparently the minimum requirement is three people who can speak the languages, not two. The Gemara answers: Rav states his opinion in accordance with the opinion of the following tanna, as it is taught in a baraita: A Sanhedrin that has a second language expert is wise; and if it also has a third, there is no court above it.,§ Since the baraita stated that Shimon HaTimni would deliberate before them on the ground, the Gemara now lists various standard formulations used to introduce the statements of various Sages throughout the generations. If a source says: It was learned from the Sages, the intention is that this was a statement made by the Sage Levi who sat before and learned from Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. If it says: They deliberated before the Sages, this is referring to Shimon ben Azzai, and Shimon ben Zoma, and Ḥa the Egyptian, and Ḥaya ben Ḥakhinai. Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak would teach five names for this list: Shimon ben Azzai, Shimon ben Zoma, and Shimon HaTimni, Ḥa the Egyptian, and Ḥaya ben Ḥakhinai.,The expression: Our Rabbis that are in Babylonia, is referring to Rav and Shmuel. The expression: Our Rabbis that are in Eretz Yisrael, is referring to Rabbi Abba. The expression: The judges of the Diaspora, is a reference to the Sage Karna. The phrase: The judges of Eretz Yisrael, is a reference to Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi. The phrase: The judges of Pumbedita, is referring to Rav Pappa bar Shmuel, who was the head of the court there, and: The judges of Neharde’a, is a reference to the court headed by Rav Adda bar Minyumi. The term: The Elders of Sura, is referring to Rav Huna and Rav Ḥisda, and: The Elders of Pumbedita, is referring to Rav Yehuda and Rav Eina. The sharp ones of Pumbedita are Eifa and Avimi, the sons of Raḥava. The expression: The amora’im of Pumbedita, is referring to Rabba and Rav Yosef, and the phrase: The amora’im of Neharde’a, is referring to Rav Ḥama.,If it says: The Sages of Neharbela taught, this is referring to Rami bar Berabi, and the statement: They say in the school of Rav, is a reference to Rav Huna. The Gemara asks: But doesn’t Rav Huna sometimes say with regard to a given halakha: They say in the school of Rav? From this, it is apparent that a statement introduced by that formula cannot be made by Rav Huna himself, as Rav Huna quotes someone else with that introduction. The Gemara responds: Rather, the expression: They say in the school of Rav, must be referring to Rav Hamnuna. The formula: They say in the West, i.e., Eretz Yisrael, is referring to Rabbi Yirmeya; the expression: They sent a message from there, meaning from Eretz Yisrael, is referring to Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina; and the statement: They laughed at it in the West, means that Rabbi Elazar did not accept a particular opinion.,The Gemara asks: But in one instance it is reported that: They sent a message from there that began: According to the statement of Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina. This indicates that the expression: They sent from there, is not itself a reference to a statement of Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina. The Gemara answers: Rather, reverse the statements. The phrase: They sent from there, is a reference to Rabbi Elazar, and: They laughed at it in the West, means that Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina did not accept a particular opinion.,§ The mishna teaches: And how many men must be in the city for it to be eligible for a lesser Sanhedrin? The opinion of the first tanna is that there must be 120 men. The Gemara asks: What is the relevance of the number 120? The Gemara explains that 23 are needed to correspond to the number of members of the lesser Sanhedrin, and it is necessary for there to be three rows of 23 students who sit before the lesser Sanhedrin to learn and also to advise them; that is a total of 92 people. And since there also need to be 10 idlers of the synagogue, people who are free from urgent work and are always sitting in the synagogue to take care of its repair and the other needs of the public, that would be 102.,And in addition there are two scribes required for the Sanhedrin, and two bailiffs, and two litigants who will come to be judged. And there are two witnesses for one side, and two witnesses who could render those witnesses conspiring witnesses by testifying that they were elsewhere at the time of the alleged incident, and two additional witnesses could testify against the witnesses who rendered the first witnesses conspiring witnesses, rendering the second pair conspiring witnesses. All of these are necessary in order for a trial to take place, as is described in Deuteronomy 19:15–21. Therefore, there are so far a total of 114 men who must be in the city.,And it is taught in a baraita: A Torah scholar is not permitted to reside in any city that does not have these ten things: A court that has the authority to flog and punish transgressors; and a charity fund for which monies are collected by two people and distributed by three, as required by halakha. This leads to a requirement for another three people in the city. And a synagogue; and a bathhouse; and a public bathroom; a doctor; and a bloodletter; and a scribe velavlar to write sacred scrolls and necessary documents; and a ritual slaughterer; and a teacher of young children. With these additional requirements there are a minimum of 120 men who must be residents of the city. They said in the name of Rabbi Akiva: The city must also have varieties of fruit, because varieties of fruit illuminate the eyes.,The mishna teaches that Rabbi Neḥemya says: There must be 230 men in the city in order for it to be eligible for a lesser Sanhedrin, corresponding to the ministers of tens appointed in the wilderness by Moses at the suggestion of his father-in-law, Yitro (see Exodus 18:21). Each member of the Sanhedrin can be viewed as a judge with responsibility for ten men. It is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says:'' None |
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88. Augustine, The City of God, 4.31 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • paganism, civic paganism • theology, civic
Found in books: Davies (2004), Rome's Religious History: Livy, Tacitus and Ammianus on their Gods, 4; Mackey (2022), Belief and Cult: Rethinking Roman Religion, 128
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4.31 What says Varro himself, whom we grieve to have found, although not by his own judgment, placing the scenic plays among things divine? When in many passages he is exhorting, like a religious man, to the worship of the gods, does he not in doing so admit that he does not in his own judgment believe those things which he relates that the Roman state has instituted; so that he does not hesitate to affirm that if he were founding a new state, he could enumerate the gods and their names better by the rule of nature? But being born into a nation already ancient, he says that he finds himself bound to accept the traditional names and surnames of the gods, and the histories connected with them, and that his purpose in investigating and publishing these details is to incline the people to worship the gods, and not to despise them. By which words this most acute man sufficiently indicates that he does not publish all things, because they would not only have been contemptible to himself, but would have seemed despicable even to the rabble, unless they had been passed over in silence. I should be thought to conjecture these things, unless he himself, in another passage, had openly said, in speaking of religious rites, that many things are true which it is not only not useful for the common people to know, but that it is expedient that the people should think otherwise, even though falsely, and therefore the Greeks have shut up the religious ceremonies and mysteries in silence, and within walls. In this he no doubt expresses the policy of the so-called wise men by whom states and peoples are ruled. Yet by this crafty device the malign demons are wonderfully delighted, who possess alike the deceivers and the deceived, and from whose tyranny nothing sets free save the grace of God through Jesus Christ our Lord. The same most acute and learned author also says, that those alone seem to him to have perceived what God is, who have believed Him to be the soul of the world, governing it by design and reason. And by this, it appears, that although he did not attain to the truth - for the true God is not a soul, but the maker and author of the soul - yet if he could have been free to go against the prejudices of custom, he could have confessed and counselled others that the one God ought to be worshipped, who governs the world by design and reason; so that on this subject only this point would remain to be debated with him, that he had called Him a soul, and not rather the creator of the soul. He says, also, that the ancient Romans, for more than a hundred and seventy years, worshipped the gods without an image. And if this custom, he says, could have remained till now, the gods would have been more purely worshipped. In favor of this opinion, he cites as a witness among others the Jewish nation; nor does he hesitate to conclude that passage by saying of those who first consecrated images for the people, that they have both taken away religious fear from their fellow citizens, and increased error, wisely thinking that the gods easily fall into contempt when exhibited under the stolidity of images. But as he does not say they have transmitted error, but that they have increased it, he therefore wishes it to be understood that there was error already when there were no images. Wherefore, when he says they alone have perceived what God is who have believed Him to be the governing soul of the world, and thinks that the rites of religion would have been more purely observed without images, who fails to see how near he has come to the truth? For if he had been able to do anything against so inveterate an error, he would certainly have given it as his opinion both that the one God should be worshipped, and that He should be worshipped without an image; and having so nearly discovered the truth, perhaps he might easily have been put in mind of the mutability of the soul, and might thus have perceived that the true God is that immutable nature which made the soul itself. Since these things are so, whatever ridicule such men have poured in their writings against the plurality of the gods, they have done so rather as compelled by the secret will of God to confess them, than as trying to persuade others. If, therefore, any testimonies are adduced by us from these writings, they are adduced for the confutation of those who are unwilling to consider from how great and maligt a power of the demons the singular sacrifice of the shedding of the most holy blood, and the gift of the imparted Spirit, can set us free. '' None |
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89. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 48; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 48
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90. None, None, nan (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • civility • patriarchs, Jewish, adjudication of civil disputes by
Found in books: Kraemer (2020), The Mediterranean Diaspora in Late Antiquity: What Christianity Cost the Jews, 166; Masterson (2016), Man to Man: Desire, Homosociality, and Authority in Late-Roman Manhood. 139
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91. None, None, nan (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Ius civile • ius civile
Found in books: Ferrándiz (2022), Shipwrecks, Legal Landscapes and Mediterranean Paradigms: Gone Under Sea, 4, 52; Hayes (2015), What's Divine about Divine Law?: Early Perspectives, 82
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92. Aeschines, Or., 2.78
Tagged with subjects: • Civic addresses • Forms of address,, civic • community, civic, religious
Found in books: Martin (2009), Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes, 68; Michalopoulos et al. (2021), The Rhetoric of Unity and Division in Ancient Literature, 83
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2.78 for Atrometus our father, whom you slander, though you do not know him and never saw what a man he was in his prime—you, Demosthenes, a descendant through your mother of the nomad Scythians—our father went into exile in the time of the Thirty, and later helped to restore the democracy; while our mother's brother, our uncle Cleobulus, the son of Glaucus of the deme Acharnae, was with Demaenetus of the family of the Buzygae, when he won the naval victory over Cheilon the Lacedaemonian admiral. The sufferings of the city were therefore a household word with us, familiar to my ears."" None |
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93. Anon., Letter of Aristeas, 92, 98, 310
Tagged with subjects: • Civic cult • Tefillah, Civic Prayer for Jerusalem • civic tribes • civil war
Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007), Studies in Jewish and Christian History, 579; Eckhardt (2019), Benedict, Private Associations and Jewish Communities in the Hellenistic and Roman Cities, 81; Piotrkowski (2019), Priests in Exile: The History of the Temple of Onias and Its Community in the Hellenistic Period, 249; Wright (2015), The Letter of Aristeas : 'Aristeas to Philocrates' or 'On the Translation of the Law of the Jews' 196
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92 The ministration of the priests is in every way unsurpassed both for its physical endurance and for its orderly and silent service. For they all work spontaneously, though it entails much painful exertion, and each one has a special task allotted to him. The service is carried on without interruption - some provide the wood, others the oil, others the fine wheat flour, others the spices; other
98 its own particular colour. On his head he wore a tiara, as it is called, and upon this in the middle of his forehead an inimitable turban, the royal diadem full of glory with the name of God inscribed in sacred letters on a plate of gold . . . having been judged worthy to wear these emblems in the
310 After the books had been read, the priests and the elders of the translators and the Jewish community and the leaders of the people stood up and said, that since so excellent and sacred and accurate a translation had been made, it was only right that it should remain as it was and no'' None |
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94. Strabo, Geography, 6.1.13, 12.2.3, 12.2.6, 13.1.27
Tagged with subjects: • Rhodes/Rhodians, naval base in Roman civil wars • autonomy, civic • civic, cults • civil discord • civil war • stasis (civil strive)
Found in books: Dignas (2002), Economy of the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, 227; Gorman, Gorman (2014), Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature. 387; Kowalzig (2007), Singing for the Gods: Performances of Myth and Ritual in Archaic and Classical Greece, 324; Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 298; Skempis and Ziogas (2014), Geography, Topography, Landscape: Configurations of Space in Greek and Roman Epic 191; Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 301
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6.1.13 Next in order, at a distance of two hundred stadia, comes Sybaris, founded by the Achaeans; it is between two rivers, the Crathis and the Sybaris. Its founder was Is of Helice. In early times this city was so superior in its good fortune that it ruled over four tribes in the neighborhood, had twenty five subject cities, made the campaign against the Crotoniates with three hundred thousand men, and its inhabitants on the Crathis alone completely filled up a circuit of fifty stadia. However, by reason of luxury and insolence they were deprived of all their felicity by the Crotoniates within seventy days; for on taking the city these conducted the river over it and submerged it. Later on, the survivors, only a few, came together and were making it their home again, but in time these too were destroyed by Athenians and other Greeks, who, although they came there to live with them, conceived such a contempt for them that they not only slew them but removed the city to another place near by and named it Thurii, after a spring of that name. Now the Sybaris River makes the horses that drink from it timid, and therefore all herds are kept away from it; whereas the Crathis makes the hair of persons who bathe in it yellow or white, and besides it cures many afflictions. Now after the Thurii had prospered for a long time, they were enslaved by the Leucani, and when they were taken away from the Leucani by the Tarantini, they took refuge in Rome, and the Romans sent colonists to supplement them, since their population was reduced, and changed the name of the city to Copiae.' "
12.2.3 In this Antitaurus are deep and narrow valleys, in which are situated Comana and the sanctuary of Enyo, whom the people there call Ma. It is a considerable city; its inhabitants, however, consist mostly of the divinely inspired people and the temple-servants who live in it. Its inhabitants are Cataonians, who, though in a general way classed as subject to the king, are in most respects subject to the priest. The priest is master of the sanctuary, and also of the temple-servants, who on my sojourn there were more than six thousand in number, men and women together. Also, considerable territory belongs to the sanctuary, and the revenue is enjoyed by the priest. He is second in rank in Cappadocia after the king; and in general the priests belonged to the same family as the kings. It is thought that Orestes, with his sister Iphigeneia, brought these sacred rites here from the Tauric Scythia, the rites in honor of Artemis Tauropolus, and that here they also deposited the hair of mourning; whence the city's name. Now the Sarus River flows through this city and passes out through the gorges of the Taurus to the plains of the Cilicians and to the sea that lies below them." 12.2.6 Neither the plain of the Cataonians nor the country Melitene has a city, but they have strongholds on the mountains, I mean Azamora and Dastarcum; and round the latter flows the Carmalas River. It contains also a sanctuary, that of the Cataonian Apollo, which is held in honor throughout the whole of Cappadocia, the Cappadocians having made it the model of sanctuaries of their own. Neither do the other prefectures, except two, contain cities; and of the remaining prefectures, Sargarausene contains a small town Herpa, and also the Carmalas River, this too emptying into the Cilician Sea. In the other prefectures are Argos, a lofty stronghold near the Taurus, and Nora, now called Neroassus, in which Eumenes held out against a siege for a long time. In my time it served as the treasury of Sisines, who made an attack upon the empire of the Cappadocians. To him belonged also Cadena, which had the royal palace and had the aspect of a city. Situated on the borders of Lycaonia is also a town called Garsauira. This too is said once to have been the metropolis of the country. In Morimene, at Venasa, is the sanctuary of the Venasian Zeus, which has a settlement of almost three thousand temple-servants and also a sacred territory that is very productive, affording the priest a yearly revenue of fifteen talents. He, too, is priest for life, as is the Priest at Comana, and is second in rank after him.' "
13.1.27 Also the Ilium of today was a kind of village-city when the Romans first set foot on Asia and expelled Antiochus the Great from the country this side of Taurus. At any rate, Demetrius of Scepsis says that, when as a lad he visited the city about that time, he found the settlement so neglected that the buildings did not so much as have tiled roofs. And Hegesianax says that when the Galatae crossed over from Europe they needed a stronghold and went up into the city for that reason, but left it at once because of its lack of walls. But later it was greatly improved. And then it was ruined again by the Romans under Fimbria, who took it by siege in the course of the Mithridatic war. Fimbria had been sent as quaestor with Valerius Flaccus the consul when the latter was appointed to the command against Mithridates; but Fimbria raised a mutiny and slew the consul in the neighborhood of Bithynia, and was himself set up as lord of the army; and when he advanced to Ilium, the Ilians would not admit him, as being a brigand, and therefore he applied force and captured the place on the eleventh day. And when he boasted that he himself had overpowered on the eleventh day the city which Agamemnon had only with difficulty captured in the tenth year, although the latter had with him on his expedition the fleet of a thousand vessels and the whole of Greece, one of the Ilians said: Yes, for the city's champion was no Hector. Now Sulla came over and overthrew Fimbria, and on terms of agreement sent Mithridates away to his homeland, but he also consoled the Ilians by numerous improvements. In my time, however, the deified Caesar was far more thoughtful of them, at the same time also emulating the example of Alexander; for Alexander set out to provide for them on the basis of a renewal of ancient kinship, and also because at the same time he was fond of Homer; at any rate, we are told of a recension of the poetry of Homer, the Recension of the Casket, as it is called, which Alexander, along with Callisthenes and Anaxarchus, perused and to a certain extent annotated, and then deposited in a richly wrought casket which he had found amongst the Persian treasures. Accordingly, it was due both to his zeal for the poet and to his descent from the Aeacidae who reigned as kings of the Molossians — where, as we are also told, Andromache, who had been the wife of Hector, reigned as queen — that Alexander was kindly disposed towards the Ilians. But Caesar, not only being fond of Alexander, but also having better known evidences of kinship with the Ilians, felt encouraged to bestow kindness upon them with all the zest of youth: better known evidences, first, because he was a Roman, and because the Romans believe Aeneias to have been their original founder; and secondly, because the name Iulius was derived from that of a certain Iulus who was one of his ancestors, and this Iulus got his appellation from the Iulus who was one of the descendants of Aeneas. Caesar therefore allotted territory to them end also helped them to preserve their freedom and their immunity from taxation; and to this day they remain in possession of these favors. But that this is not the site of the ancient Ilium, if one considers the matter in accordance with Homer's account, is inferred from the following considerations. But first I must give a general description of the region in question, beginning at that point on the coast where I left off."' None |
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95. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 2.8.7
Tagged with subjects: • civic crown • civil war • civil wars (as a part of imperial discourse)
Found in books: Mueller (2002), Roman Religion in Valerius Maximus, 122, 123; Ruiz and Puertas (2021), Emperors and Emperorship in Late Antiquity: Images and Narratives, 17
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2.8.7 A commander in a civil war, even if he had done great things and very profitable to the commonwealth, was not permitted to have the title of imperator, neither were any supplications or thanksgivings decreed for him, nor was he permitted to triumph either in a chariot or in an ovation. For though such victories were necessary, yet they were full of calamity and sorrow, not obtained with foreign blood, but with the slaughter of their own countrymen. Mournful therefore were the victories of Nasica over Ti. Gracchus, and of Opimius over C. Gracchus. And therefore Catulus having vanquished his colleague Lepidus, with the rabble of all his followers, returned to the city, showing only a moderate joy. Gaius Antonius also, the conqueror of Catiline, brought back his army to their camp with their swords washed clean. Cinna and Marius greedily drank up civil blood, but did not then approach the altars and temples of the Gods. Sulla also, who made the greatest civil wars, and whose success was most cruel and inhumane, though he triumphed in the height of his power, yet as he carried many cities of Greece and Asia, so he showed not one town of Roman citizens.'' None |
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96. Vergil, Aeneis, 1.8, 1.11, 1.53, 1.122, 1.123, 1.148, 1.149, 1.150, 1.151, 1.152, 1.153, 1.154, 1.159, 1.160, 1.161, 1.162, 1.163, 1.164, 1.165, 1.166, 1.167, 1.168, 1.207, 1.263, 1.264, 1.265, 1.266, 1.267, 1.268, 1.269, 1.270, 1.271, 1.272, 1.273, 1.274, 1.275, 1.276, 1.277, 1.278, 1.279, 1.280, 1.281, 1.282, 1.283, 1.284, 1.285, 1.286, 1.287, 1.288, 1.289, 1.290, 1.292, 1.293, 1.349, 1.360, 1.361, 1.362, 1.363, 1.364, 3.94, 3.95, 3.96, 4.68, 4.69, 4.300, 4.361-5.34, 4.622, 4.623, 4.624, 4.625, 4.626, 4.627, 4.628, 4.629, 4.670, 5.154, 5.155, 5.157, 5.522, 5.523, 5.524, 5.525, 5.526, 5.527, 5.528, 5.750, 5.755, 5.756, 5.757, 6.384, 6.385, 6.386, 6.387, 6.388, 6.389, 6.390, 6.391, 6.392, 6.393, 6.394, 6.395, 6.396, 6.397, 6.801, 6.802, 6.803, 6.804, 6.805, 6.826, 6.827, 6.828, 6.829, 6.830, 6.831, 6.832, 6.833, 6.834, 6.835, 6.836, 6.837, 6.838, 6.839, 6.840, 6.845, 6.846, 6.851, 6.852, 6.853, 6.878, 6.879, 7.41, 7.45, 7.331, 7.341, 7.342, 7.343, 7.344, 7.345, 7.346, 7.347, 7.348, 7.349, 7.350, 7.351, 7.352, 7.353, 7.354, 7.355, 7.356, 7.357, 7.358, 7.359, 7.360, 7.361, 7.362, 7.363, 7.364, 7.365, 7.366, 7.367, 7.368, 7.369, 7.370, 7.371, 7.372, 7.373, 7.374, 7.375, 7.376, 7.377, 7.378, 7.379, 7.380, 7.381, 7.382, 7.383, 7.384, 7.385, 7.386, 7.387, 7.388, 7.389, 7.390, 7.391, 7.392, 7.393, 7.394, 7.395, 7.396, 7.397, 7.398, 7.399, 7.400, 7.401, 7.402, 7.403, 7.404, 7.405, 7.406, 7.407, 8.1, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.113, 8.219, 8.220, 8.221, 8.222, 8.223, 8.224, 8.225, 8.226, 8.227, 8.228, 8.229, 8.230, 8.231, 8.232, 8.233, 8.234, 8.235, 8.236, 8.237, 8.238, 8.239, 8.240, 8.241, 8.242, 8.243, 8.244, 8.245, 8.246, 8.247, 8.248, 8.250, 8.251, 8.252, 8.253, 8.254, 8.255, 8.256, 8.257, 8.258, 8.259, 8.260, 8.261, 8.262, 8.263, 8.264, 8.265, 8.266, 8.267, 8.319, 8.320, 8.321, 8.322, 8.323, 8.324, 8.325, 8.326, 8.327, 8.685, 8.686, 8.687, 8.688, 8.689, 8.690, 8.691, 8.692, 8.693, 8.694, 8.695, 8.696, 8.697, 8.698, 8.699, 8.700, 8.701, 8.702, 8.703, 8.704, 8.705, 8.706, 8.707, 8.708, 8.709, 8.710, 8.711, 8.712, 8.713, 8.714, 8.715, 8.716, 8.717, 8.718, 8.719, 8.720, 8.721, 8.722, 8.723, 8.724, 8.725, 8.726, 8.727, 8.728, 9.598, 9.599, 9.600, 9.601, 9.602, 9.603, 9.604, 9.605, 9.606, 9.607, 9.608, 9.609, 9.610, 9.611, 9.612, 9.613, 9.614, 9.615, 9.616, 9.617, 9.618, 9.619, 9.620, 10.8, 10.758, 10.759, 11.232, 11.233, 11.243, 11.263, 11.314, 11.440, 11.477, 11.478, 11.479, 11.480, 11.481, 12.189, 12.192, 12.204, 12.435, 12.436, 12.439, 12.440
Tagged with subjects: • Argo, civilizing voyage of • Civil War, as Hannibal • Civil War, between Octavian and Mark Antony • Civil War, funeral • Civil Wars • Civil Wars, and Punic Wars • Civil Wars, in the Aeneid • Civil Wars, writing about • Civil war • Forum, during civil unrest • Hercules, civilizing activities of • Ius civile • Lucan, Bellum Civile • Lucan, Civil War • Rome (Ancient), civic tributes to memory • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • Vergil, civil war • civic participation • civil war • civil war of AD • civil war, Aen. • civil war, discordia • civil wars • civil wars in Rome • dress, civic magistrates’ • movement in the city, during civil unrest • tragedy, civic institution • unrest, civic • war, civil war
Found in books: Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 37; Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 117, 123, 128, 131, 134, 164; Augoustakis et al. (2021), Fides in Flavian Literature, 127; Blum and Biggs (2019), The Epic Journey in Greek and Roman Literature, 69, 144; Braund and Most (2004), Ancient Anger: Perspectives from Homer to Galen, 236, 237, 238; Cairns (1989), Virgil's Augustan Epic. 93, 97, 101, 124; Duffalo (2006), The Ghosts of the Past: Latin Literature, the Dead, and Rome's Transition to a Principate. 103, 104, 150, 151; Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 286; Farrell (2021), Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity, 166, 179, 212, 273, 278; Ferrándiz (2022), Shipwrecks, Legal Landscapes and Mediterranean Paradigms: Gone Under Sea, 12; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 48, 238, 241, 242, 244; Galinsky (2016), Memory in Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 19; Giusti (2018), Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries, 5, 94, 137, 182, 233, 276, 277; Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 139, 162; Keith and Myers (2023), Vergil and Elegy. 90; Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 76, 166; O'Daly (2020), Augustine's City of God: A Reader's Guide (2nd edn), 109, 231; Pandey (2018), The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome, 111, 154, 155, 156, 162, 163, 165, 204; Panoussi(2019), Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature, 152; Poulsen (2021), Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography, 32; Roumpou (2023), Ritual and the Poetics of Closure in Flavian Literature. 114, 127, 138, 185, 189, 193, 194; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 123; Shannon-Henderson (2019), Power Play in Latin Love Elegy and its Multiple Forms of Continuity in Ovid’s , 113; Skempis and Ziogas (2014), Geography, Topography, Landscape: Configurations of Space in Greek and Roman Epic 373, 448; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 117, 123, 128, 131, 134, 164
sup>
1.8 Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
1.53 luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras
1.122 vicit hiems; laxis laterum compagibus omnes
1.123 accipiunt inimicum imbrem, rimisque fatiscunt.
1.148 Ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est
1.149 seditio, saevitque animis ignobile volgus,
1.150 iamque faces et saxa volant—furor arma ministrat;
1.151 tum, pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem
1.152 conspexere, silent, arrectisque auribus adstant;
1.153 ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet,—
1.154 sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, aequora postquam
1.159 Est in secessu longo locus: insula portum
1.160 efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto
1.161 frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos.
1.162 Hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique mitur
1.163 in caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late
1.165 desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra.
1.166 Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum,
1.167 intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxo,
1.168 nympharum domus: hic fessas non vincula navis
1.207 Durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.
1.263 bellum ingens geret Italia, populosque feroces
1.264 contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet,
1.266 ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis.
1.267 At puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo
1.268 additur,—Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno,—
1.269 triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbis
1.270 imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini
1.271 transferet, et longam multa vi muniet Albam.
1.272 Hic iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos
1.273 gente sub Hectorea, donec regina sacerdos,
1.274 Marte gravis, geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem.
1.275 Inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus
1.276 Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet
1.277 moenia, Romanosque suo de nomine dicet.
1.279 imperium sine fine dedi. Quin aspera Iuno,
1.280 quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat,
1.281 consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit
1.282 Romanos rerum dominos gentemque togatam:
1.283 sic placitum. Veniet lustris labentibus aetas,
1.284 cum domus Assaraci Phthiam clarasque Mycenas
1.285 servitio premet, ac victis dominabitur Argis.
1.286 Nascetur pulchra Troianus origine Caesar,
1.287 imperium oceano, famam qui terminet astris,—
1.288 Iulius, a magno demissum nomen Iulo.
1.289 Hunc tu olim caelo, spoliis Orientis onustum,
1.290 accipies secura; vocabitur hic quoque votis.
1.292 cana Fides, et Vesta, Remo cum fratre Quirinus,
1.293 iura dabunt; dirae ferro et compagibus artis
1.349 impius ante aras, atque auri caecus amore,
1.360 His commota fugam Dido sociosque parabat:
1.361 conveniunt, quibus aut odium crudele tyranni
1.362 aut metus acer erat; navis, quae forte paratae,
1.363 corripiunt, onerantque auro: portantur avari
1.364 Pygmalionis opes pelago; dux femina facti.
3.94 Dardanidae duri, quae vos a stirpe parentum
3.95 prima tulit tellus, eadem vos ubere laeto
3.96 accipiet reduces. Antiquam exquirite matrem:
4.68 Uritur infelix Dido, totaque vagatur
4.300 Saevit inops animi, totamque incensa per urbem
4.622 Tum vos, o Tyrii, stirpem et genus omne futurum
4.623 exercete odiis, cinerique haec mittite nostro
4.624 munera. Nullus amor populis, nec foedera sunto.
4.625 Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor,
4.626 qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos,
4.627 nunc, olim, quocumque dabunt se tempore vires.
4.628 Litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas
4.629 imprecor, arma armis; pugnent ipsique nepotesque.
4.670 Karthago aut antiqua Tyros, flammaeque furentes
5.154 tarda tenet. Post hos aequo discrimine Pristis
5.155 Centaurusque locum tendunt superare priorem;
5.157 Centaurus, nunc una ambae iunctisque feruntur
5.522 Hic oculis subito obicitur magnoque futurum
5.523 augurio monstrum; docuit post exitus ingens,
5.524 seraque terrifici cecinerunt omina vates.
5.525 Namque volans liquidis in nubibus arsit harundo,
5.526 signavitque viam flammis, tenuisque recessit
5.527 consumpta in ventos, caelo ceu saepe refixa
5.528 transcurrunt crinemque volantia sidera ducunt.
5.750 Transcribunt urbi matres, populumque volentem
5.755 Interea Aeneas urbem designat aratro
5.756 sortiturque domos; hoc Ilium et haec loca Troiam
5.757 esse iubet. Gaudet regno Troianus Acestes,
6.384 Ergo iter inceptum peragunt fluvioque propinquant.
6.386 per tacitum nemus ire pedemque advertere ripae,
6.387 sic prior adgreditur dictis, atque increpat ultro:
6.388 Quisquis es, armatus qui nostra ad flumina tendis,
6.389 fare age, quid venias, iam istinc, et comprime gressum.
6.390 Umbrarum hic locus est, somni noctisque soporae;
6.391 corpora viva nefas Stygia vectare carina.
6.392 Nec vero Alciden me sum laetatus euntem
6.393 accepisse lacu, nec Thesea Pirithoumque,
6.394 dis quamquam geniti atque invicti viribus essent.
6.395 Tartareum ille manu custodem in vincla petivit,
6.396 ipsius a solio regis, traxitque trementem;
6.397 hi dominam Ditis thalamo deducere adorti.
6.801 Nec vero Alcides tantum telluris obivit,
6.802 fixerit aeripedem cervam licet, aut Erymanthi
6.803 pacarit nemora, et Lernam tremefecerit arcu;
6.804 nec, qui pampineis victor iuga flectit habenis,
6.805 Liber, agens celso Nysae de vertice tigres.
6.826 Illae autem, paribus quas fulgere cernis in armis,
6.827 concordes animae nunc et dum nocte premuntur,
6.828 heu quantum inter se bellum, si lumina vitae
6.829 attigerint, quantas acies stragemque ciebunt!
6.830 Aggeribus socer Alpinis atque arce Monoeci
6.831 descendens, gener adversis instructus Eois.
6.832 Ne, pueri, ne tanta animis adsuescite bella,
6.833 neu patriae validas in viscera vertite vires;
6.834 tuque prior, tu parce, genus qui ducis Olympo,
6.835 proice tela manu, sanguis meus!—
6.836 Ille triumphata Capitolia ad alta Corintho
6.837 victor aget currum, caesis insignis Achivis.
6.838 Eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas,
6.839 ipsumque Aeaciden, genus armipotentis Achilli,
6.840 ultus avos Troiae, templa et temerata Minervae.
6.845 quo fessum rapitis, Fabii? Tu Maxumus ille es,
6.846 unus qui nobis cunctando restituis rem.
6.851 tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento;
6.852 hae tibi erunt artes; pacisque imponere morem,
6.853 parcere subiectis, et debellare superbos.
6.878 Heu pietas, heu prisca fides, invictaque bello
6.879 dextera! Non illi se quisquam impune tulisset
7.41 tu vatem, tu, diva, mone. Dicam horrida bella,
7.341 Exin Gorgoneis Allecto infecta venenis
7.342 principio Latium et Laurentis tecta tyranni
7.343 celsa petit tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae,
7.344 quam super adventu Teucrum Turnique hymenaeis
7.345 femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant.
7.346 Huic dea caeruleis unum de crinibus anguem
7.347 conicit inque sinum praecordia ad intuma subdit,
7.348 quo furibunda domum monstro permisceat omnem.
7.349 Ille inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus
7.350 volvitur attactu nullo fallitque furentem,
7.351 vipeream inspirans animam: fit tortile collo
7.352 aurum ingens coluber, fit longae taenia vittae
7.353 innectitque comas, et membris lubricus errat.
7.354 Ac dum prima lues udo sublapsa veneno
7.355 pertemptat sensus atque ossibus implicat ignem
7.356 necdum animus toto percepit pectore flammam,
7.357 mollius et solito matrum de more locuta est,
7.358 multa super nata lacrimans Phrygiisque hymenaeis:
7.359 Exsulibusne datur ducenda Lavinia Teucris,
7.360 O genitor, nec te miseret gnataeque tuique ?
7.361 Nec matris miseret, quam primo aquilone relinquet
7.362 perfidus alta petens abducta virgine praedo?
7.363 An non sic Phrygius penetrat Lacedaemona pastor
7.364 Ledaeamque Helenam Troianas vexit ad urbes ?
7.365 Quid tua sancta fides, quid cura antiqua tuorum
7.367 Si gener externa petitur de gente Latinis
7.368 idque sedet Faunique premunt te iussa parentis,
7.369 omnem equidem sceptris terram quae libera nostris
7.370 dissidet, externam reor et sic dicere divos.
7.371 Et Turno, si prima domus repetatur origo,
7.372 Inachus Acrisiusque patres mediaeque Mycenae.
7.373 His ubi nequiquam dictis experta Latinum
7.374 contra stare videt penitusque in viscera lapsum
7.375 serpentis furiale malum totamque pererrat,
7.376 tum vero infelix, ingentibus excita monstris,
7.377 immensam sine more furit lymphata per urbem.
7.378 Ceu quondam torto volitans sub verbere turbo,
7.379 quem pueri magno in gyro vacua atria circum
7.380 intenti ludo exercent; ille actus habena
7.381 curvatis fertur spatiis; stupet inscia supra
7.382 inpubesque manus, mirata volubile buxum;
7.383 dant animos plagae: non cursu segnior illo
7.384 per medias urbes agitur populosque feroces.
7.385 Quin etiam in silvas, simulato numine Bacchi,
7.386 maius adorta nefas maioremque orsa furorem
7.387 evolat et natam frondosis montibus abdit,
7.388 quo thalamum eripiat Teucris taedasque moretur,
7.389 Euhoe Bacche, fremens, solum te virgine dignum
7.390 vociferans, etenim mollis tibi sumere thyrsos,
7.391 te lustrare choro, sacrum tibi pascere crinem.
7.392 Fama volat, furiisque accensas pectore matres
7.393 idem omnis simul ardor agit nova quaerere tecta:
7.394 deseruere domos, ventis dant colla comasque,
7.395 ast aliae tremulis ululatibus aethera complent,
7.396 pampineasque gerunt incinctae pellibus hastas;
7.397 ipsa inter medias flagrantem fervida pinum
7.398 sustinet ac natae Turnique canit hymenaeos,
7.399 sanguineam torquens aciem, torvumque repente
7.400 clamat: Io matres, audite, ubi quaeque, Latinae:' 7.404 Talem inter silvas, inter deserta ferarum,
7.405 reginam Allecto stimulis agit undique Bacchi.
7.406 Postquam visa satis primos acuisse furores
7.407 consiliumque omnemque domum vertisse Latini,
8.6 effera. Ductores primi Messapus et Ufens
8.7 contemptorque deum Mezentius undique cogunt
8.8 auxilia et latos vastant cultoribus agros.
8.113 ignotas temptare vias, quo tenditis? inquit.
8.219 Hic vero Alcidae furiis exarserat atro
8.220 felle dolor: rapit arma manu nodisque gravatum
8.221 robur et aerii cursu petit ardua montis.
8.222 Tum primum nostri Cacum videre timentem
8.223 turbatumque oculis: fugit ilicet ocior Euro
8.224 speluncamque petit, pedibus timor addidit alas.
8.225 Ut sese inclusit ruptisque immane catenis
8.226 deiecit saxum, ferro quod et arte paterna
8.227 pendebat, fultosque emuniit obice postis,
8.228 ecce furens animis aderat Tirynthius omnemque
8.229 accessum lustrans huc ora ferebat et illuc,
8.230 dentibus infrendens. Ter totum fervidus ira
8.231 lustrat Aventini montem, ter saxea temptat
8.232 limina nequiquam, ter fessus valle resedit.
8.233 Stabat acuta silex, praecisis undique saxis
8.234 speluncae dorso insurgens, altissima visu,
8.235 dirarum nidis domus opportuna volucrum.
8.236 Hanc, ut prona iugo laevum incumbebat in amnem,
8.237 dexter in adversum nitens concussit et imis
8.239 inpulit, inpulsu quo maximus intonat aether
8.240 dissultant ripae refluitque exterritus amnis.
8.241 At specus et Caci detecta apparuit ingens
8.242 regia, et umbrosae penitus patuere cavernae:
8.243 non secus ac siqua penitus vi terra dehiscens
8.244 infernas reseret sedes et regna recludat
8.245 pallida, dis invisa, superque immane barathrum
8.246 cernatur, trepident inmisso lumine manes.
8.247 Ergo insperata deprensum luce repente
8.248 inclusumque cavo saxo atque insueta rudentem
8.250 advocat et ramis vastisque molaribus instat.
8.251 Ille autem, neque enim fuga iam super ulla pericli,
8.252 faucibus ingentem fumum (mirabile dictu)
8.253 evomit involvitque domum caligine caeca,
8.254 prospectum eripiens oculis, glomeratque sub antro
8.255 fumiferam noctem commixtis igne tenebris.
8.256 Non tulit Alcides animis seque ipse per ignem
8.257 praecipiti iecit saltu, qua plurimus undam
8.258 fumus agit nebulaque ingens specus aestuat atra.
8.259 Hic Cacum in tenebris incendia vana vomentem
8.260 corripit in nodum complexus et angit inhaerens
8.261 elisos oculos et siccum sanguine guttur.
8.262 Panditur extemplo foribus domus atra revolsis,
8.263 abstractaeque boves abiurataeque rapinae
8.264 caelo ostenduntur, pedibusque informe cadaver
8.265 protrahitur. Nequeunt expleri corda tuendo
8.266 terribilis oculos, voltum villosaque saetis
8.267 pectora semiferi atque extinctos faucibus ignis.
8.319 Primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo,
8.320 arma Iovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis.
8.321 Is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis
8.322 composuit legesque dedit Latiumque vocari
8.323 maluit, his quoniam latuisset tutis in oris.
8.324 Aurea quae perhibent illo sub rege fuere
8.325 saecula. Sic placida populos in pace regebat,
8.326 deterior donec paulatim ac decolor aetas
8.327 et belli rabies et amor successit habendi.
8.685 Hinc ope barbarica variisque Antonius armis,
8.686 victor ab Aurorae populis et litore rubro,
8.687 Aegyptum viresque Orientis et ultima secum
8.688 Bactra vehit, sequiturque (nefas) Aegyptia coniunx.
8.689 Una omnes ruere, ac totum spumare reductis
8.690 convolsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor.
8.691 alta petunt: pelago credas innare revolsas
8.692 Cycladas aut montis concurrere montibus altos,
8.693 tanta mole viri turritis puppibus instant.
8.694 stuppea flamma manu telisque volatile ferrum
8.695 spargitur, arva nova Neptunia caede rubescunt.
8.696 Regina in mediis patrio vocat agmina sistro
8.697 necdum etiam geminos a tergo respicit anguis.
8.698 omnigenumque deum monstra et latrator Anubis
8.699 contra Neptunum et Venerem contraque Minervam
8.700 tela tenent. Saevit medio in certamine Mavors
8.701 caelatus ferro tristesque ex aethere Dirae,
8.702 et scissa gaudens vadit Discordia palla,
8.703 quam cum sanguineo sequitur Bellona flagello.
8.704 Actius haec cernens arcum tendebat Apollo
8.705 desuper: omnis eo terrore Aegyptus et Indi,
8.706 omnis Arabs, omnes vertebant terga Sabaei.
8.707 Ipsa videbatur ventis regina vocatis
8.708 vela dare et laxos iam iamque inmittere funis.
8.709 Illam inter caedes pallentem morte futura
8.710 fecerat Ignipotens undis et Iapyge ferri,
8.711 contra autem magno maerentem corpore Nilum
8.712 pandentemque sinus et tota veste vocantem
8.713 caeruleum in gremium latebrosaque flumina victos.
8.714 At Caesar, triplici invectus Romana triumpho
8.715 moenia, dis Italis votum inmortale sacrabat,
8.716 maxuma tercentum totam delubra per urbem.
8.717 Laetitia ludisque viae plausuque fremebant;
8.718 omnibus in templis matrum chorus, omnibus arae;
8.719 ante aras terram caesi stravere iuvenci.
8.720 Ipse, sedens niveo candentis limine Phoebi,
8.721 dona recognoscit populorum aptatque superbis
8.722 postibus; incedunt victae longo ordine gentes,
8.723 quam variae linguis, habitu tam vestis et armis.
8.725 hic Lelegas Carasque sagittiferosque Gelonos
8.726 finxerat; Euphrates ibat iam mollior undis,
8.727 extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque bicornis,
8.728 indomitique Dahae, et pontem indignatus Araxes.
9.598 Non pudet obsidione iterum valloque teneri,
9.599 bis capti Phryges, et morti praetendere muros?
9.600 En qui nostra sibi bello conubia poscunt!
9.601 Quis deus Italiam, quae vos dementia adegit
9.602 Non hic Atridae nec fandi fictor Ulixes:
9.603 durum a stirpe genus natos ad flumina primum
9.604 deferimus saevoque gelu duramus et undis,
9.605 venatu invigilant pueri silvasque fatigant,
9.606 flectere ludus equos et spicula tendere cornu.
9.607 At patiens operum parvoque adsueta iuventus
9.608 aut rastris terram domat aut quatit oppida bello.
9.609 Omne aevum ferro teritur, versaque iuvencum
9.610 terga fatigamus hasta; nec tarda senectus
9.611 debilitat vires animi mutatque vigorem:
9.612 canitiem galea premimus, semperque recentis
9.613 comportare iuvat praedas et vivere rapto.
9.615 desidiae cordi, iuvat indulgere choreis,
9.616 et tunicae manicas et habent redimicula mitrae.
9.617 O vere Phrygiae, neque enim Phryges, ite per alta
9.618 Dindyma ubi adsuetis biforem dat tibia cantum!
9.619 Tympana vos buxusque vocat Berecyntia Matris
9.620 Idaeae sinite arma viris et cedite ferro.10.8 Abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris.
10.758 Di Iovis in tectis iram miserantur iem
10.759 amborum et tantos mortalibus esse labores:
11.232 Fatalem Aenean manifesto numine ferri
11.233 admonet ira deum tumulique ante ora recentes. 1
1.263 exsulat, Aetnaeos vidit Cyclopas Ulixes.
11.477 Nec non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces
11.478 subvehitur magna matrum regina caterva
11.479 dona ferens, iuxtaque comes Lavinia virgo,
11.480 causa mali tanti, oculos deiecta decoros.
11.481 Succedunt matres et templum ture vaporant
12.435 Disce, puer, virtutem ex me verumque laborem,
12.436 fortunam ex aliis. Nunc te mea dextera bello
12.439 sis memor, et te animo repetentem exempla tuorum
12.440 et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitet Hector. ' None | sup>
1.8 the city, and bring o'er his fathers' gods " "
1.53 clove with its brazen beak the salt, white waves. ' "
1.122 the thunders roll, the ceaseless lightnings glare;
1.123 and all things mean swift death for mortal man.
1.148 an east wind, blowing landward from the deep,
1.149 drove on the shallows,—pitiable sight,—
1.150 and girdled them in walls of drifting sand.
1.151 That ship, which, with his friend Orontes, bore
1.152 the Lycian mariners, a great, plunging wave ' "
1.153 truck straight astern, before Aeneas' eyes. " "
1.154 Forward the steersman rolled and o'er the side " 1.159 weapons of war, spars, planks, and treasures rare, ' "
1.160 once Ilium 's boast, all mingled with the storm. " "
1.161 Now o'er Achates and Ilioneus, " "
1.162 now o'er the ship of Abas or Aletes, " 1.163 bursts the tempestuous shock; their loosened seams
1.165 Meanwhile how all his smitten ocean moaned, ' "
1.166 and how the tempest's turbulent assault " 1.167 had vexed the stillness of his deepest cave,
1.168 great Neptune knew; and with indigt mien ' "
1.207 with clear and soothing speech the people's will. " 1.263 had stored in jars, and prince-like sent away
1.264 with his Ioved guest;—this too Aeneas gave;
1.266 “Companions mine, we have not failed to feel
1.267 calamity till now. O, ye have borne
1.268 far heavier sorrow: Jove will make an end
1.269 also of this. Ye sailed a course hard by ' "
1.270 infuriate Scylla's howling cliffs and caves. " "
1.271 Ye knew the Cyclops' crags. Lift up your hearts! " 1.272 No more complaint and fear! It well may be
1.273 ome happier hour will find this memory fair.
1.274 Through chance and change and hazard without end,
1.275 our goal is Latium ; where our destinies
1.276 beckon to blest abodes, and have ordained
1.277 that Troy shall rise new-born! Have patience all!
1.279 Such was his word, but vexed with grief and care,
1.280 feigned hopes upon his forehead firm he wore, ' "
1.281 and locked within his heart a hero's pain. " 1.282 Now round the welcome trophies of his chase
1.283 they gather for a feast. Some flay the ribs
1.284 and bare the flesh below; some slice with knives,
1.285 and on keen prongs the quivering strips impale,
1.286 place cauldrons on the shore, and fan the fires.
1.287 Then, stretched at ease on couch of simple green,
1.288 they rally their lost powers, and feast them well
1.289 on seasoned wine and succulent haunch of game.
1.290 But hunger banished and the banquet done, ' "
1.292 'twixt hopes and fears divided; for who knows " 1.293 whether the lost ones live, or strive with death,
1.349 “Let Cytherea cast her fears away!
1.360 and, quell its nations wild; his city-wall
1.361 and sacred laws shall be a mighty bond
1.362 about his gathered people. Summers three
1.363 hall Latium call him king; and three times pass ' "
1.364 the winter o'er Rutulia's vanquished hills. " 3.94 in cypress dark and purple pall of woe.
3.95 Our Ilian women wailed with loosened hair;
3.96 new milk was sprinkled from a foaming cup,
4.68 how far may not our Punic fame extend
4.300 hoot forth blind fire to terrify the soul
4.622 mite with alternate wrath: Ioud is the roar,
4.623 and from its rocking top the broken boughs
4.624 are strewn along the ground; but to the crag
4.625 teadfast it ever clings; far as toward heaven
4.626 its giant crest uprears, so deep below
4.627 its roots reach down to Tartarus:—not less
4.628 the hero by unceasing wail and cry
4.629 is smitten sore, and in his mighty heart
4.670 lifts on his shoulder the wide wheel of heaven,
5.154 rare robes of purple stain, and generous weight ' "
5.155 of silver and of gold. The trumpet's call " 5.157 First, side by side, with sturdy, rival oars,
5.522 O, if I had what yonder ruffian boasts—
5.523 my own proud youth once more! I would not ask
5.524 the fair bull for a prize, nor to the lists
5.525 in search of gifts come forth.” So saying, he threw
5.526 into the mid-arena a vast pair
5.527 of ponderous gauntlets, which in former days
5.528 fierce Eryx for his fights was wont to bind
5.750 wheel at a word and thrust their lances forth
5.755 they flee with backs defenceless to the foe;
5.756 then rally, lance in rest—or, mingling all,
5.757 make common front, one legion strong and fair.
6.384 These were but shapes and shadows sweeping by,
6.386 Hence the way leads to that Tartarean stream
6.387 of Acheron, whose torrent fierce and foul
6.388 Disgorges in Cocytus all its sands.
6.389 A ferryman of gruesome guise keeps ward
6.390 Upon these waters,—Charon, foully garbed,
6.391 With unkempt, thick gray beard upon his chin,
6.392 And staring eyes of flame; a mantle coarse,
6.393 All stained and knotted, from his shoulder falls,
6.394 As with a pole he guides his craft, tends sail, ' "
6.395 And in the black boat ferries o'er his dead;— " "
6.396 Old, but a god's old age looks fresh and strong. " 6.397 To those dim shores the multitude streams on—
6.801 In laws, for bribes enacted or made void;
6.802 Another did incestuously take
6.803 His daughter for a wife in lawless bonds.
6.804 All ventured some unclean, prodigious crime;
6.805 And what they dared, achieved. I could not tell,
6.826 On that bright land, which sees the cloudless beam
6.827 of suns and planets to our earth unknown.
6.828 On smooth green lawns, contending limb with limb,
6.829 Immortal athletes play, and wrestle long ' "
6.830 'gainst mate or rival on the tawny sand; " 6.831 With sounding footsteps and ecstatic song,
6.832 Some thread the dance divine: among them moves
6.833 The bard of Thrace, in flowing vesture clad,
6.834 Discoursing seven-noted melody,
6.835 Who sweeps the numbered strings with changeful hand,
6.836 Or smites with ivory point his golden lyre.
6.837 Here Trojans be of eldest, noblest race,
6.838 Great-hearted heroes, born in happier times,
6.839 Ilus, Assaracus, and Dardanus,
6.840 Illustrious builders of the Trojan town.
6.845 To chariots, arms, or glossy-coated steeds,
6.846 The self-same joy, though in their graves, they feel.
6.851 Eridanus, through forests rolling free.
6.852 Here dwell the brave who for their native land
6.853 Fell wounded on the field; here holy priests
6.878 Father Anchises in a pleasant vale
6.879 Stood pondering, while his eyes and thought surveyed ' "
7.41 hore-haunting birds of varied voice and plume
7.341 to clasp your monarch's hand. Bear back, I pray, " 7.342 this answer to your King: my dwelling holds
7.343 a daughter, whom with husband of her blood ' "
7.344 great signs in heaven and from my father's tomb " 7.345 forbid to wed. A son from alien shores ' "
7.346 they prophesy for Latium 's heir, whose seed " 7.347 hall lift our glory to the stars divine.
7.348 I am persuaded this is none but he,
7.349 that man of destiny; and if my heart
7.350 be no false prophet, I desire it so.”
7.351 Thus having said, the sire took chosen steeds
7.352 from his full herd, whereof, well-groomed and fair,
7.353 three hundred stood within his ample pale.
7.354 of these to every Teucrian guest he gave
7.355 a courser swift and strong, in purple clad
7.356 and broidered housings gay; on every breast
7.357 hung chains of gold; in golden robes arrayed,
7.358 they champed the red gold curb their teeth between.
7.359 For offering to Aeneas, he bade send
7.360 a chariot, with chargers twain of seed
7.361 ethereal, their nostrils breathing fire:
7.362 the famous kind which guileful Circe bred, ' "
7.363 cheating her sire, and mixed the sun-god's team " 7.364 with brood-mares earthly born. The sons of Troy,
7.365 uch gifts and greetings from Latinus bearing,
7.367 But lo! from Argos on her voyage of air
7.368 rides the dread spouse of Jove. She, sky-enthroned
7.369 above the far Sicilian promontory, ' "
7.370 pachynus, sees Dardania's rescued fleet, " "
7.371 and all Aeneas' joy. The prospect shows " 7.372 houses a-building, lands of safe abode,
7.373 and the abandoned ships. With bitter grief
7.374 he stands at gaze: then with storm-shaken brows,
7.375 thus from her heart lets loose the wrathful word:
7.376 “O hated race! O Phrygian destinies —
7.377 to mine forevermore (unhappy me!)
7.378 a scandal and offense! Did no one die ' "
7.379 on Troy 's embattled plain? Could captured slaves " "
7.380 not be enslaved again? Was Ilium's flame " "
7.381 no warrior's funeral pyre? Did they walk safe " 7.382 through serried swords and congregated fires?
7.383 At last, methought, my godhead might repose,
7.384 and my full-fed revenge in slumber lie.
7.385 But nay! Though flung forth from their native land, ' "
7.386 I o'er the waves, with enmity unstayed, " 7.387 dared give them chase, and on that exiled few
7.388 hurled the whole sea. I smote the sons of Troy ' "
7.389 with ocean's power and heaven's. But what availed " "
7.390 Syrtes, or Scylla, or Charybdis' waves? " 7.391 The Trojans are in Tiber ; and abide
7.392 within their prayed-for land delectable,
7.393 afe from the seas and me! Mars once had power
7.394 the monstrous Lapithae to slay; and Jove ' "
7.395 to Dian's honor and revenge gave o'er " 7.396 the land of Calydon. What crime so foul
7.397 was wrought by Lapithae or Calydon? ' "
7.398 But I, Jove's wife and Queen, who in my woes " 7.399 have ventured each bold stroke my power could find,
7.400 and every shift essayed,—behold me now
7.401 outdone by this Aeneas! If so weak
7.402 my own prerogative of godhead be,
7.403 let me seek strength in war, come whence it will!
7.404 If Heaven I may not move, on Hell I call.
7.405 To bar him from his Latin throne exceeds
7.406 my fated power. So be it! Fate has given
7.407 Lavinia for his bride. But long delays
8.6 with tumult and alarm; and martial rage
8.7 enkindled youth's hot blood. The chieftains proud, " "
8.8 Messapus, Ufens, and that foe of Heaven,
8.113 white gleaming through the grove, with all her brood
8.219 and with a wide-eyed wonder I did view ' "
8.220 those Teucrian lords, Laomedon's great heir, " 8.221 and, towering highest in their goodly throng,
8.222 Anchises, whom my warm young heart desired
8.223 to speak with and to clasp his hand in mine.
8.224 So I approached, and joyful led him home ' "
8.225 to Pheneus' olden wall. He gave me gifts " 8.226 the day he bade adieu; a quiver rare
8.227 filled with good Lycian arrows, a rich cloak
8.228 inwove with thread of gold, and bridle reins
8.229 all golden, now to youthful Pallas given.
8.230 Therefore thy plea is granted, and my hand
8.231 here clasps in loyal amity with thine.
8.232 To-morrow at the sunrise thou shalt have
8.233 my tribute for the war, and go thy way
8.234 my glad ally. But now this festival, ' "
8.235 whose solemn rite 't were impious to delay, " 8.236 I pray thee celebrate, and bring with thee
8.237 well-omened looks and words. Allies we are!
8.239 So saying, he bade his followers renew ' "
8.240 th' abandoned feast and wine; and placed each guest " 8.241 on turf-built couch of green, most honoring
8.242 Aeneas by a throne of maple fair ' "
8.243 decked with a lion's pelt and flowing mane. " "
8.244 Then high-born pages, with the altar's priest, " 8.245 bring on the roasted beeves and load the board
8.246 with baskets of fine bread; and wine they bring —
8.247 of Ceres and of Bacchus gift and toil.
8.248 While good Aeneas and his Trojans share
8.250 When hunger and its eager edge were gone,
8.251 Evander spoke: “This votive holiday,
8.252 yon tables spread and altar so divine,
8.253 are not some superstition dark and vain,
8.254 that knows not the old gods, O Trojan King!
8.255 But as men saved from danger and great fear
8.256 this thankful sacrifice we pay. Behold,
8.257 yon huge rock, beetling from the mountain wall,
8.258 hung from the cliff above. How lone and bare
8.259 the hollowed mountain looks! How crag on crag
8.260 tumbled and tossed in huge confusion lie!
8.261 A cavern once it was, which ran deep down ' "
8.262 into the darkness. There th' half-human shape " 8.263 of Cacus made its hideous den, concealed
8.264 from sunlight and the day. The ground was wet
8.265 at all times with fresh gore; the portal grim
8.266 was hung about with heads of slaughtered men,
8.267 bloody and pale—a fearsome sight to see. ' "
8.319 filled all the arching sky, the river's banks " 8.320 asunder leaped, and Tiber in alarm ' "
8.321 reversed his flowing wave. So Cacus' lair " 8.322 lay shelterless, and naked to the day
8.323 the gloomy caverns of his vast abode
8.324 tood open, deeply yawning, just as if
8.325 the riven earth should crack, and open wide ' "
8.326 th' infernal world and fearful kingdoms pale, " 8.327 which gods abhor; and to the realms on high
8.685 Therefore go forth, O bravest chief and King
8.686 of Troy and Italy ! To thee I give
8.687 the hope and consolation of our throne,
8.688 pallas, my son, and bid him find in thee
8.689 a master and example, while he learns ' "
8.690 the soldier's arduous toil. With thy brave deeds "
8.691 let him familiar grow, and reverence thee
8.692 with youthful love and honor. In his train
8.693 two hundred horsemen of Arcadia,
8.694 our choicest men-at-arms, shall ride; and he
8.695 in his own name an equal band shall bring
8.696 to follow only thee.” Such the discourse.
8.697 With meditative brows and downcast eyes
8.698 Aeneas and Achates, sad at heart,
8.699 mused on unnumbered perils yet to come. ' "
8.700 But out of cloudless sky Cythera's Queen " "
8.701 gave sudden signal: from th' ethereal dome "
8.702 a thunder-peal and flash of quivering fire
8.703 tumultuous broke, as if the world would fall,
8.704 and bellowing Tuscan trumpets shook the air.
8.705 All eyes look up. Again and yet again
8.706 crashed the terrible din, and where the sky
8.707 looked clearest hung a visionary cloud,
8.708 whence through the brightness blazed resounding arms. ' "
8.709 All hearts stood still. But Troy 's heroic son "
8.710 knew that his mother in the skies redeemed
8.711 her pledge in sound of thunder: so he cried,
8.712 “Seek not, my friend, seek not thyself to read ' "
8.713 the meaning of the omen. 'T is to me "
8.714 Olympus calls. My goddess-mother gave
8.715 long since her promise of a heavenly sign
8.716 if war should burst; and that her power would bring
8.717 a panoply from Vulcan through the air,
8.718 to help us at our need. Alas, what deaths ' "
8.719 over Laurentum's ill-starred host impend! "
8.720 O Turnus, what a reckoning thou shalt pay
8.721 to me in arms! O Tiber, in thy wave
8.722 what helms and shields and mighty soldiers slain
8.723 hall in confusion roll! Yea, let them lead
8.725 He said: and from the lofty throne uprose.
8.726 Straightway he roused anew the slumbering fire
8.727 acred to Hercules, and glad at heart
8.728 adored, as yesterday, the household gods
9.598 the bosom white as snow. Euryalus
9.599 ank prone in death; upon his goodly limbs
9.600 the life-blood ran unstopped, and low inclined
9.601 the drooping head; as when some purpled flower,
9.602 cut by the ploughshare, dies, or poppies proud
9.603 with stem forlorn their ruined beauty bow
9.604 before the pelting storm. Then Nisus flew
9.605 traight at his foes; but in their throng would find
9.606 Volscens alone, for none but Volscens stayed:
9.607 they gathered thickly round and grappled him
9.608 in shock of steel with steel. But on he plunged,
9.609 winging in ceaseless circles round his head
9.610 his lightning-sword, and thrust it through the face
9.611 of shrieking Volscens, with his own last breath
9.612 triking his foeman down; then cast himself ' "
9.613 upon his fallen comrade's breast; and there, " 9.615 Heroic pair and blest! If aught I sing
9.616 have lasting music, no remotest age ' "
9.617 hall blot your names from honor's storied scroll: " "
9.618 not while the altars of Aeneas' line " "
9.619 hall crown the Capitol's unshaken hill, " "
9.620 nor while the Roman Father's hand sustains "
10.8 were sitting; Jove himself the silence broke:
10.758 though all in Turnus' van; and Numa bold " 10.759 and Camers tawny-tressed, the son and heir
11.232 ince I but linger out a life I loathe,
11.233 without my Pallas, nothing but thy sword 1
1.263 behold their comrades burning, and keep guard ' "
11.477 fling thy poor countrymen in danger's way, " "
11.478 O chief and fountain of all Latium 's pain? " 11.479 War will not save us. Not a voice but sues
11.480 for peace, O Turnus! and, not less than peace,
11.481 its one inviolable pledge. Behold,
12.435 this frantic stir, this quarrel rashly bold?
12.436 Recall your martial rage! The pledge is given
12.439 and tremble not. My own hand shall confirm
12.440 the solemn treaty. For these rites consign ' None |
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97. Vergil, Eclogues, 4.6, 4.18-4.20, 4.31-4.35
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • war, civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 122, 123, 134; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 248; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 122, 123, 134
| sup>
4.6 has come and gone, and the majestic roll
4.18 hall free the earth from never-ceasing fear. 4.19 He shall receive the life of gods, and see 4.20 heroes with gods commingling, and himself
4.31 caressing flowers. The serpent too shall die, 4.32 die shall the treacherous poison-plant, and far 4.33 and wide Assyrian spices spring. But soon' "4.34 as thou hast skill to read of heroes' fame," "4.35 and of thy father's deeds, and inly learn"' None |
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98. Vergil, Georgics, 1.121-1.146, 1.464-1.502, 1.505, 1.509-1.511, 2.161-2.164, 2.496, 2.527, 2.533, 2.538, 3.1-3.48, 3.68, 3.478, 4.315-4.316, 4.389
Tagged with subjects: • Argo, civilizing voyage of • Bellum Civile (Lucan), bougonia, invention of • Capitol, during civil unrest • Civil War, in Lucan • Civil War, in the Georgics • Civil Wars, and Punic Wars • Lucan, Bellum Civile • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • Vergil, civil war • civic participation • civil war • civil wars • discordia (as civil war) • ensis (as signifier of civil war) • war, civil war
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 48, 121, 123, 164, 165; Blum and Biggs (2019), The Epic Journey in Greek and Roman Literature, 69; Duffalo (2006), The Ghosts of the Past: Latin Literature, the Dead, and Rome's Transition to a Principate. 103, 150; Gale (2000), Virgil on the Nature of Things: The Georgics, Lucretius and the Didactic Tradition, 33, 34, 35, 36, 48, 51, 69, 70, 77, 122, 183, 189, 190, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 255, 257, 260, 262, 267; Gee (2013), Aratus and the Astronomical Tradition, 48, 50; Giusti (2018), Disclosure and Discretion in Roman Astrology: Manilius and his Augustan Contemporaries, 13, 14, 43, 277; Jenkyns (2013), God, Space, and City in the Roman Imagination, 135; Pandey (2018), The Poetics of Power in Augustan Rome, 52, 111, 204, 212, 216, 218, 219, 226, 227, 230, 232, 238, 239, 241, 242; Santangelo (2013), Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond, 221, 222; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 48, 121, 123, 164, 165; Walter (2020), Time in Ancient Stories of Origin, 11
sup>
1.121 officiunt aut umbra nocet. Pater ipse colendi 1.122 haud facilem esse viam voluit, primusque per artem 1.123 movit agros curis acuens mortalia corda 1.124 nec torpere gravi passus sua regna veterno. 1.125 Ante Iovem nulli subigebant arva coloni; 1.126 ne signare quidem aut partiri limite campum 1.127 fas erat: in medium quaerebant ipsaque tellus 1.128 omnia liberius nullo poscente ferebat. 1.129 Ille malum virus serpentibus addidit atris 1.130 praedarique lupos iussit pontumque moveri, 1.131 mellaque decussit foliis ignemque removit 1.132 et passim rivis currentia vina repressit, 1.133 ut varias usus meditando extunderet artis 1.134 paulatim et sulcis frumenti quaereret herbam. 1.135 Ut silicis venis abstrusum excuderet ignem. 1.136 Tunc alnos primum fluvii sensere cavatas; 1.137 navita tum stellis numeros et nomina fecit, 1.138 Pleiadas, Hyadas, claramque Lycaonis Arcton; 1.139 tum laqueis captare feras et fallere visco 1.140 inventum et magnos canibus circumdare saltus; 1.141 atque alius latum funda iam verberat amnem 1.142 alta petens, pelagoque alius trahit humida lina; 1.143 tum ferri rigor atque argutae lamina serrae,— 1.144 nam primi cuneis scindebant fissile lignum 1.145 tum variae venere artes. Labor omnia vicit 1.146 inprobus et duris urgens in rebus egestas.
1.464 audeat. Ille etiam caecos instare tumultus 1.465 saepe monet fraudemque et operta tumescere bella. 1.466 Ille etiam exstincto miseratus Caesare Romam, 1.467 cum caput obscura nitidum ferrugine texit 1.468 inpiaque aeternam timuerunt saecula noctem. 1.469 Tempore quamquam illo tellus quoque et aequora ponti 1.470 obscenaeque canes inportunaeque volucres 1.471 signa dabant. Quotiens Cyclopum effervere in agros 1.472 vidimus undantem ruptis fornacibus Aetnam 1.473 flammarumque globos liquefactaque volvere saxa! 1.474 Armorum sonitum toto Germania caelo 1.475 audiit, insolitis tremuerunt motibus Alpes. 1.476 Vox quoque per lucos volgo exaudita silentis 1.477 ingens et simulacra modis pallentia miris 1.478 visa sub obscurum noctis, pecudesque locutae, 1.479 infandum! sistunt amnes terraeque dehiscunt 1.480 et maestum inlacrimat templis ebur aeraque sudant. 1.481 Proluit insano contorquens vertice silvas 1.482 fluviorum rex Eridanus camposque per omnis 1.483 cum stabulis armenta tulit. Nec tempore eodem 1.484 tristibus aut extis fibrae adparere minaces 1.485 aut puteis manare cruor cessavit et altae 1.486 per noctem resonare lupis ululantibus urbes. 1.487 Non alias caelo ceciderunt plura sereno 1.488 fulgura nec diri totiens arsere cometae. 1.489 ergo inter sese paribus concurrere telis 1.490 Romanas acies iterum videre Philippi; 1.491 nec fuit indignum superis, bis sanguine nostro 1.492 Emathiam et latos Haemi pinguescere campos. 1.493 Scilicet et tempus veniet, cum finibus illis 1.494 agricola incurvo terram molitus aratro 1.495 exesa inveniet scabra robigine pila 1.496 aut gravibus rastris galeas pulsabit iis 1.497 grandiaque effossis mirabitur ossa sepulchris. 1.498 Di patrii, Indigetes, et Romule Vestaque mater, 1.499 quae Tuscum Tiberim et Romana Palatia servas, 1.500 hunc saltem everso iuvenem succurrere saeclo 1.501 ne prohibete! Satis iam pridem sanguine nostro 1.502 Laomedonteae luimus periuria Troiae;
1.505 quippe ubi fas versum atque nefas: tot bella per orbem,
1.509 Hinc movet Euphrates, illinc Germania bellum; 1.510 vicinae ruptis inter se legibus urbes 1.511 arma ferunt; saevit toto Mars inpius orbe;
2.161 an memorem portus Lucrinoque addita claustra 2.162 atque indignatum magnis stridoribus aequor 2.163 Iulia qua ponto longe sonat unda refuso 2.164 Tyrrhenusque fretis inmittitur aestus Avernis?
2.496 flexit et infidos agitans discordia fratres
2.527 Ipse dies agitat festos fususque per herbam,
2.533 hanc Remus et frater, sic fortis Etruria crevit
2.538 aureus hanc vitam in terris Saturnus agebat;' 3.1 Te quoque, magna Pales, et te memorande canemus 3.2 pastor ab Amphryso, vos, silvae amnesque Lycaei. 3.3 Cetera, quae vacuas tenuissent carmine mentes, 3.4 omnia iam volgata: quis aut Eurysthea durum 3.5 aut inlaudati nescit Busiridis aras? 3.6 Cui non dictus Hylas puer et Latonia Delos 3.7 Hippodameque umeroque Pelops insignis eburno, 3.8 acer equis? Temptanda via est, qua me quoque possim 3.9 tollere humo victorque virum volitare per ora.
3.10 Primus ego in patriam mecum, modo vita supersit,
3.11 Aonio rediens deducam vertice Musas;
3.12 primus Idumaeas referam tibi, Mantua, palmas,
3.13 et viridi in campo templum de marmore ponam
3.14 propter aquam. Tardis ingens ubi flexibus errat
3.15 Mincius et tenera praetexit arundine ripas.
3.16 In medio mihi Caesar erit templumque tenebit:
3.17 illi victor ego et Tyrio conspectus in ostro
3.18 centum quadriiugos agitabo ad flumina currus.
3.19 Cuncta mihi Alpheum linquens lucosque Molorchi 3.20 cursibus et crudo decernet Graecia caestu. 3.21 Ipse caput tonsae foliis ornatus olivae 3.22 dona feram. Iam nunc sollemnis ducere pompas 3.23 ad delubra iuvat caesosque videre iuvencos, 3.24 vel scaena ut versis discedat frontibus utque 3.25 purpurea intexti tollant aulaea Britanni. 3.26 In foribus pugnam ex auro solidoque elephanto 3.27 Gangaridum faciam victorisque arma Quirini, 3.28 atque hic undantem bello magnumque fluentem 3.29 Nilum ac navali surgentis aere columnas. 3.30 Addam urbes Asiae domitas pulsumque Niphaten 3.31 fidentemque fuga Parthum versisque sagittis, 3.32 et duo rapta manu diverso ex hoste tropaea 3.33 bisque triumphatas utroque ab litore gentes. 3.34 Stabunt et Parii lapides, spirantia signa, 3.35 Assaraci proles demissaeque ab Iove gentis 3.36 nomina, Trosque parens et Troiae Cynthius auctor. 3.37 Invidia infelix Furias amnemque severum 3.38 Cocyti metuet tortosque Ixionis anguis 3.39 immanemque rotam et non exsuperabile saxum. 3.40 Interea Dryadum silvas saltusque sequamur 3.41 intactos, tua, Maecenas, haud mollia iussa. 3.42 Te sine nil altum mens incohat; en age segnis 3.43 rumpe moras; vocat ingenti clamore Cithaeron 3.44 Taygetique canes domitrixque Epidaurus equorum 3.45 et vox adsensu nemorum ingeminata remugit. 3.46 Mox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas 3.47 Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos, 3.48 Tithoni prima quot abest ab origine Caesar.
3.68 et labor, et durae rapit inclementia mortis.
3.478 Hic quondam morbo caeli miseranda coorta est
4.315 Quis deus hanc, Musae, quis nobis extudit artem? 4.316 Unde nova ingressus hominum experientia cepit?
4.389 et iuncto bipedum curru metitur equorum.'' None | sup>
1.121 And heaved its furrowy ridges, turns once more 1.122 Cross-wise his shattering share, with stroke on stroke 1.123 The earth assails, and makes the field his thrall. 1.124 Pray for wet summers and for winters fine,' "1.125 Ye husbandmen; in winter's dust the crop" '1.126 Exceedingly rejoice, the field hath joy; 1.127 No tilth makes 1.128 Nor Gargarus his own harvests so admire. 1.129 Why tell of him, who, having launched his seed, 1.130 Sets on for close encounter, and rakes smooth 1.131 The dry dust hillocks, then on the tender corn 1.132 Lets in the flood, whose waters follow fain; 1.133 And when the parched field quivers, and all the blade 1.134 Are dying, from the brow of its hill-bed, 1.135 See! see! he lures the runnel; down it falls,' "1.136 Waking hoarse murmurs o'er the polished stones," '1.137 And with its bubblings slakes the thirsty fields? 1.138 Or why of him, who lest the heavy ear' "1.139 O'erweigh the stalk, while yet in tender blade" "1.140 Feeds down the crop's luxuriance, when its growth" '1.141 First tops the furrows? Why of him who drain' "1.142 The marsh-land's gathered ooze through soaking sand," '1.143 Chiefly what time in treacherous moons a stream 1.144 Goes out in spate, and with its coat of slime 1.145 Holds all the country, whence the hollow dyke 1.146 Sweat steaming vapour?
1.464 From heaven shoot headlong, and through murky night 1.465 Long trails of fire white-glistening in their wake, 1.466 Or light chaff flit in air with fallen leaves, 1.467 Or feathers on the wave-top float and play. 1.468 But when from regions of the furious North 1.469 It lightens, and when thunder fills the hall 1.470 of Eurus and of Zephyr, all the field 1.471 With brimming dikes are flooded, and at sea 1.472 No mariner but furls his dripping sails. 1.473 Never at unawares did shower annoy: 1.474 Or, as it rises, the high-soaring crane 1.475 Flee to the vales before it, with face 1.476 Upturned to heaven, the heifer snuffs the gale 1.477 Through gaping nostrils, or about the mere 1.478 Shrill-twittering flits the swallow, and the frog 1.479 Crouch in the mud and chant their dirge of old. 1.480 oft, too, the ant from out her inmost cells, 1.481 Fretting the narrow path, her eggs conveys; 1.482 Or the huge bow sucks moisture; or a host 1.483 of rooks from food returning in long line 1.484 Clamour with jostling wings. Now mayst thou see 1.485 The various ocean-fowl and those that pry 1.486 Round Asian meads within thy fresher-pools, 1.487 Cayster, as in eager rivalry, 1.488 About their shoulders dash the plenteous spray, 1.489 Now duck their head beneath the wave, now run 1.490 Into the billows, for sheer idle joy 1.491 of their mad bathing-revel. Then the crow 1.492 With full voice, good-for-naught, inviting rain, 1.493 Stalks on the dry sand mateless and alone.' "1.494 Nor e'en the maids, that card their nightly task," '1.495 Know not the storm-sign, when in blazing crock 1.496 They see the lamp-oil sputtering with a growth 1.497 of mouldy snuff-clots. 1.498 So too, after rain, 1.499 Sunshine and open skies thou mayst forecast, 1.500 And learn by tokens sure, for then nor dimmed' "1.501 Appear the stars' keen edges, nor the moon" "1.502 As borrowing of her brother's beams to rise," 1.505 Do halcyons dear to Thetis ope their wings,
1.509 And from the roof-top the night-owl for naught' "1.510 Watching the sunset plies her 'lated song." '1.511 Distinct in clearest air is Nisus seen
2.161 Where not an arrow-shot can cleave the air 2.162 Above their tree-tops? yet no laggards they, 2.163 When girded with the quiver! Media yield 2.164 The bitter juices and slow-lingering taste' "
2.496 Whose entrails rich on hazel-spits we'll roast." 2.527 When once they have gripped the soil, and borne the breeze.
2.533 Their stems wax lusty, and have found their strength,
2.538 Is good to browse on, the tall forest yield
3.1 Thee too, great Pales, will I hymn, and thee, 3.2 Amphrysian shepherd, worthy to be sung, 3.3 You, woods and waves Lycaean. All themes beside, 3.4 Which else had charmed the vacant mind with song, 3.5 Are now waxed common. of harsh Eurystheus who 3.6 The story knows not, or that praiseless king 3.7 Busiris, and his altars? or by whom 3.8 Hath not the tale been told of Hylas young, 3.9 Latonian Delos and Hippodame,
3.10 And Pelops for his ivory shoulder famed,
3.11 Keen charioteer? Needs must a path be tried,
3.12 By which I too may lift me from the dust,
3.13 And float triumphant through the mouths of men.
3.14 Yea, I shall be the first, so life endure,
3.15 To lead the Muses with me, as I pa
3.16 To mine own country from the Aonian height;
3.17 I,
3.18 of Idumaea, and raise a marble shrine
3.19 On thy green plain fast by the water-side, 3.20 Where Mincius winds more vast in lazy coils, 3.21 And rims his margent with the tender reed.' "3.22 Amid my shrine shall Caesar's godhead dwell." '3.23 To him will I, as victor, bravely dight 3.24 In Tyrian purple, drive along the bank 3.25 A hundred four-horse cars. All 3.27 On foot shall strive, or with the raw-hide glove; 3.28 Whilst I, my head with stripped green olive crowned,' "3.29 Will offer gifts. Even 'tis present joy" '3.30 To lead the high processions to the fane, 3.31 And view the victims felled; or how the scene 3.32 Sunders with shifted face, and 3.33 Inwoven thereon with those proud curtains rise. 3.34 of gold and massive ivory on the door' "3.35 I'll trace the battle of the Gangarides," "3.36 And our Quirinus' conquering arms, and there" '3.37 Surging with war, and hugely flowing, the 3.38 And columns heaped on high with naval brass. 3.39 And 3.40 And quelled Niphates, and the Parthian foe, 3.41 Who trusts in flight and backward-volleying darts, 3.42 And trophies torn with twice triumphant hand' "3.43 From empires twain on ocean's either shore." '3.44 And breathing forms of Parian marble there 3.45 Shall stand, the offspring of Assaracus, 3.46 And great names of the Jove-descended folk, 3.47 And father Tros, and 3.48 of Cynthus. And accursed Envy there
3.68 And burly neck, whose hanging dewlaps reach
3.478 Many there be who from their mothers keep
4.315 Or cut the empty wax away? for oft 4.316 Into their comb the newt has gnawed unseen,
4.389 And shut the doors, and leave him there to lie.'' None |
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99. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Argo, civilizing voyage of • Civil war • Ius civile • Lucan, Bellum Civile • Lucan, Civil War • Rome, and civil war • Thebes, and civil war • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in • civil war • evokes Roman civil war • princeps civilis, and verecundia • verecundia, and princeps civilis
Found in books: Agri (2022), Reading Fear in Flavian Epic: Emotion, Power, and Stoicism, 109, 111, 112, 113, 136, 144; Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 113, 114, 116, 117, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165; Blum and Biggs (2019), The Epic Journey in Greek and Roman Literature, 77, 78, 79, 87; Ferrándiz (2022), Shipwrecks, Legal Landscapes and Mediterranean Paradigms: Gone Under Sea, 12; Kaster(2005), Emotion, Restraint, and Community in Ancient Rome, 174; König and Whitton (2018), Roman Literature under Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian: Literary Interactions, AD 96–138 99, 100, 101; Mackay (2022), Animal Encounters in Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica, 63, 98, 181, 198; Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 141, 142, 214; Panoussi(2019), Brides, Mourners, Bacchae: Women's Rituals in Roman Literature, 152; Roumpou (2023), Ritual and the Poetics of Closure in Flavian Literature. 81, 92, 93, 165, 169; Skempis and Ziogas (2014), Geography, Topography, Landscape: Configurations of Space in Greek and Roman Epic 430, 431, 464; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 113, 114, 116, 117, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165
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100. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Civil war • civil war, discordia
Found in books: Manolaraki (2012), Noscendi Nilum Cupido: Imagining Egypt from Lucan to Philostratus, 76; Poulsen (2021), Usages of the Past in Roman Historiography, 35
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101. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • civil war • stasis, cf. civil war strategos
Found in books: Barbato (2020), The Ideology of Democratic Athens: Institutions, Orators and the Mythical Past, 101; Riess (2012), Performing interpersonal violence: court, curse, and comedy in fourth-century BCE Athens, 249
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102. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Valerius Flaccus, civil war in
Found in books: Augoustakis (2014), Flavian Poetry and its Greek Past, 115; Verhagen (2022), Security and Credit in Roman Law: The Historical Evolution of Pignus and Hypotheca, 115
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103. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • civil war/stasis • community, civic • community, civic, religious • eusebia (piety), as civic virtue
Found in books: Martin (2009), Divine Talk: Religious Argumentation in Demosthenes, 29, 30, 31, 34, 35; Riess (2012), Performing interpersonal violence: court, curse, and comedy in fourth-century BCE Athens, 97
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104. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • elites, civic, influence of, in polis • plebs media, role in civic/economic life of polis • subdivision, civic • titulature, civic
Found in books: Hallmannsecker (2022), Roman Ionia: Constructions of Cultural Identity in Western Asia Minor, 54, 130; Kalinowski (2021), Memory, Family, and Community in Roman Ephesos, 29, 304
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105. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • education (paideia), civic • festival, civic • gymnasion, and civic education • gymnasion, and civic/social status • public finance, civic • theatre, and civic political culture • treasury, civic
Found in books: Gygax and Zuiderhoek (2021), Benefactors and the Polis: The Public Gift in the Greek Cities from the Homeric World to Late Antiquity, 125; Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325
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106. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • civil war • civil war, memory of at Athens, • civil war/stasis • space, civic
Found in books: Kirichenko (2022), Greek Literature and the Ideal: The Pragmatics of Space from the Archaic to the Hellenistic Age, 118; Marincola et al. (2021), Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones and Calum Maciver, Greek Notions of the Past in the Archaic and Classical Eras: History Without Historians, 295; Pinheiro et al. (2012a), Narrating Desire: Eros, Sex, and Gender in the Ancient Novel, 166; Riess (2012), Performing interpersonal violence: court, curse, and comedy in fourth-century BCE Athens, 36
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