The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Index Database

Results for
Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

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All subjects (including unvalidated):

subject	book bibliographic info
cheese	Alikin (2009), The Earliest History of the Christian Gathering, 20, 59, 245, 278 Blidstein (2017), Purity Community and Ritual in Early Christian Literature, 20 Cain (2016), The Greek Historia Monachorum in Aegypto: Monastic Hagiography in the Late Fourth Century, 230, 231 Ekroth (2013), The Sacrificial Rituals of Greek Hero-Cults in the Archaic to the Early Hellenistic Period, 220, 247, 281 Gera (2014), Judith, 25, 333, 334, 390 Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 189 Kitzler (2015), From 'Passio Perpetuae' to 'Acta Perpetuae', 13, 33, 67 McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 91, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 125, 140, 247 Moss (2012), Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions, 133, 135, 197 Porton (1988), Gentiles and Israelites in Mishnah-Tosefta, 93, 153, 154, 155, 255, 256 Rosenblum (2016), The Jewish Dietary Laws in the Ancient World, 55, 95, 96, 102, 133 Wilson (2010), Philo of Alexandria: On Virtues: Introduction, Translation, and Commentary, 315
cheese, eucharist, with	McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107
cheese, goats	Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 189

List of validated texts:

5 validated results for "cheese"

1. Mishnah, Avodah Zarah, 2.5-2.6, 5.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Cheese • cheese

Found in books: Gera (2014), Judith, 333; Porton (1988), Gentiles and Israelites in Mishnah-Tosefta, 153, 154, 255, 256; Rosenblum (2016), The Jewish Dietary Laws in the Ancient World, 102, 133

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2.5 אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, שָׁאַל רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אֶת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, כְּשֶׁהָיוּ מְהַלְּכִין בַּדֶּרֶךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי מָה אָסְרוּ גְבִינוֹת הַגּוֹיִם. אָמַר לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ בְּקֵבָה שֶׁל נְבֵלָה. אָמַר לוֹ, וַהֲלֹא קֵבַת עוֹלָה חֲמוּרָה מִקֵּבַת נְבֵלָה, וְאָמְרוּ, כֹּהֵן שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ יָפָה, שׂוֹרְפָהּ חַיָּה. וְלֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ, אֲבָל אָמְרוּ, אֵין נֶהֱנִין וְלֹא מוֹעֲלִין. חָזַר, אָמַר לוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין אוֹתָהּ בְּקֵבַת עֶגְלֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. אָמַר לוֹ, אִם כֵּן, לָמָּה לֹא אֲסָרוּהָ בַהֲנָאָה. הִשִּׂיאוֹ לְדָבָר אַחֵר, אָמַר לוֹ, יִשְׁמָעֵאל אָחִי, הֵיאַךְ אַתָּה קוֹרֵא (שיר השירים א), כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדֶיךָ מִיָּיִן, אוֹ כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדַיִךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, כִּי טוֹבִים דֹּדַיִךְ. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵין הַדָּבָר כֵּן, שֶׁהֲרֵי חֲבֵרוֹ מְלַמֵּד עָלָיו, לְרֵיחַ שְׁמָנֶיךָ טוֹבִים: ^2.6 אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁל גּוֹיִם אֲסוּרִין וְאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה. חָלָב שֶׁחֲלָבוֹ גוֹי וְאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל רוֹאֵהוּ, וְהַפַּת, וְהַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁלָּהֶן. רַבִּי וּבֵית דִּינוֹ הִתִּירוּ בַשֶּׁמֶן. וּשְׁלָקוֹת, וּכְבָשִׁין שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לָתֵת לְתוֹכָן יַיִן וָחֹמֶץ, וְטָרִית טְרוּפָה, וְצִיר שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ דָּגָה כִלְבִּית שׁוֹטֶטֶת בּוֹ, וְהַחִלָּק, וְקֹרֶט שֶׁל חִלְתִּית, וּמֶלַח סַלְקוֹנְטִית, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין וְאֵין אִסּוּרָן אִסּוּר הֲנָאָה: ^5.5 הָיָה אוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהִנִּיחַ לְגִינָה עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, וּלְגִינָה עַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי, וְהִנִּיחוֹ וְיָצָא, מַה שֶּׁעַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אָסוּר. וּמַה שֶּׁעַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי, מֻתָּר. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ הֱוֵי מוֹזֵג וְשׁוֹתֶה, אַף שֶׁעַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי אָסוּר. חָבִיּוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת. סְתוּמוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיָגוּף וְתִגֹּב:'' None

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2.5 Rabbi Judah said: Rabbi Ishmael put this question to Rabbi Joshua as they were walking on the way, “Why have they forbidden the cheese of non-Jews?” He replied, because they curdle it with the rennet of a nevelah (an animal that was not properly slaughtered.” He (Rabbi Ishmael) said: “but is not the rennet of a burnt-offering more strictly forbidden than the rennet of a nevelah? and yet it was said that a priest who is not fastidious may suck it out raw.” (Though the Sages disagreed with this opinion, and they said that no benefit may be derived from it, although one who consumed it did not trespass temple property). Rabbi Joshua responded: “The reason then is because they curdle it with the rennet from calves sacrificed to idols.” He (Rabbi Ishmael) said to him: “if that be so, why do they not extend the prohibition to any benefit derived from it?” He (Rabbi Joshua) diverted him to another matter, saying: “Ishmael, how do you read for your masc. love is more delightful than wine” or “your fem. love etc. (Song of Songs 1:2” He replied: “your fem. love is better …” He said to him: this is not so, as it is proved by its fellow -verse: your ointments masc. have a goodly fragrance … therefore do the maidens love you (Song of Songs 1:3).” ^2.6 The following articles of non-Jews are prohibited but the prohibition does not extend to deriving benefit from them: 1. milk which a non-Jew milked without an israelite watching him, 2. their bread and oil (Rabbi and his court permitted the oil) 3. stewed and pickled things into which they are accustomed to put wine or vinegar, 4. pickled herring which had been minced, 5. brine in which there is no kalbith-fish floating, 6. helek, 7. pieces of asa foetida 8. and sal-conditum. Behold these are prohibited but the prohibition does not extend to deriving benefit from them. ^5.5 If a Jew was eating with a non-Jew at a table and set some flasks upon the table and others upon a side-table and leaving them there went out, what is upon the table is prohibited and what is upon the side-table is permitted. And should he have said to him, “mix some of the wine with water and drink,” even what is upon the side-table is prohibited. Opened casks are prohibited, and the closed ones are permitted except when he was absent a length of time sufficient for the non-Jew to open it, put a new stopper on and the new stopper to become dry.'' None

2. None, None, nan (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Eucharist, with cheese • cheese

Found in books: Alikin (2009), The Earliest History of the Christian Gathering, 59, 278; McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 104, 105

3. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Eucharist, with cheese • cheese • eucharist/s, bread-and-cheese

Found in books: McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 95; Tabbernee (2007), Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism, 359

4. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Eucharist, with cheese • cheese • eucharist/s, bread-and-cheese

Found in books: McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 95; Moss (2012), Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions, 197; Tabbernee (2007), Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism, 358, 359

5. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Eucharist, with cheese • cheese • eucharist/s, bread-and-cheese

Found in books: Kitzler (2015), From 'Passio Perpetuae' to 'Acta Perpetuae', 33, 67; McGowan (1999), Ascetic Eucharists: Food and Drink in Early Christian Ritual Meals, 100, 102; Moss (2012), Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions, 133, 135; Tabbernee (2007), Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism, 359

Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database