The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Index Database

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For a list of book indices included, see here.

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All subjects (including unvalidated):

subject	book bibliographic info
cappadocia	Amendola (2022), The Demades Papyrus (P.Berol. inv. 13045): A New Text with Commentary, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 325, 330 Baumann and Liotsakis (2022), Reading History in the Roman Empire, 202 Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022), Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity, 422, 429 Bianchetti et al. (2015), Brill’s Companion to Ancient Geography: The Inhabited World in Greek and Roman Tradition, 155, 262, 268, 270 Bickart (2022), The Scholastic Culture of the Babylonian Talmud, 67 Bowie (2023), Essays on Ancient Greek Literature and Culture, Volume 2: Comedy, Herodotus, Hellenistic and Imperial Greek Poetry, the Novels. 266, 455 Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007), The Cambridge Companion to the Talmud and Rabbinic Literature Cambridge Companions to Religion, 224, 226, 228 Gardner (2015), The Origins of Organized Charity in Rabbinic Judaism, 91 Geljon and Vos (2020), Rituals in Early Christianity: New Perspectives on Tradition and Transformation, 40 Gera (2014), Judith, 35, 36, 139 Gray (2021), Gregory of Nyssa as Biographer: Weaving Lives for Virtuous Readers, 4, 6, 7, 8, 63, 120, 159 Huttner (2013), Early Christianity in the Lycus Valley, 27, 234, 277 Kingsley Monti and Rood (2022), The Authoritative Historian: Tradition and Innovation in Ancient Historiography, 161, 221 Klein and Wienand (2022), City of Caesar, City of God: Constantinople and Jerusalem in Late Antiquity, 12, 28, 121, 129, 131, 269 Konig (2022), The Folds of Olympus: Mountains in Ancient Greek and Roman Culture, 101 Lampe (2003), Christians at Rome in the First Two Centuries: From Paul to Valentinus, 277, 340 MacDougall (2022), Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition. 1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 29, 52, 57, 75, 76, 77, 81, 95, 117, 131, 147, 158 Mendez (2022), The Cult of Stephen in Jerusalem: Inventing a Patron Martyr, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 114 Merz and Tieleman (2012), Ambrosiaster's Political Theology, 21, 25, 26 Mitchell and Pilhofer (2019), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 2, 4, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 49, 51, 54, 55, 57, 61, 69, 73, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 126, 129, 130, 131, 142, 154, 155, 157, 159, 160, 161 Moss (2012), Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions, 49 Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 93, 98, 117, 216, 218, 282 Naiden (2013), Smoke Signals for the Gods: Ancient Greek Sacrifice from the Archaic through Roman Periods, 191 Price, Finkelberg and Shahar (2021), Rome: An Empire of Many Nations: New Perspectives on Ethnic Diversity and Cultural Identity, 33, 40 Scott (2023), An Age of Iron and Rust: Cassius Dio and the History of His Time. 153 Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 284, 285, 286, 290, 292, 293, 294, 300, 301, 302 Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020), Athens II: Athens in Late Antiquity, 11, 173, 178, 179, 180, 184, 200, 213, 214, 215 Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 114, 138, 167, 168, 169 Vlassopoulos (2021), Historicising Ancient Slavery, 173 de Ste. Croix et al. (2006), Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy, 137, 175, 179
cappadocia, alexander of	Klein and Wienand (2022), City of Caesar, City of God: Constantinople and Jerusalem in Late Antiquity, 12
cappadocia, alleged to be deranged, archelaus i of	Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 134
cappadocia, and bellona, ma, of	Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 152
cappadocia, and dream interpretation, archelaus, king of	Taylor (2012), The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea, 61, 62, 78, 83, 94, 95, 96, 126, 146
cappadocia, anonyma, montanist? prophetess at caesarea in	Tabbernee (2007), Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism, 80, 117
cappadocia, appointed in 36 b.c.e. by antony, archelaus i of	Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 114, 138
cappadocia, archelais, garsau, i, ra	Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 301
cappadocia, archelaos, king of	Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 285, 301
cappadocia, archelaus i of	Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 138
cappadocia, archelaus ii, the younger, son of archelaus i of	Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 167
cappadocia, archelaus of	Merz and Tieleman (2012), Ambrosiaster's Political Theology, 18
cappadocia, archelaus, king of	Taylor (2012), The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea, 55, 61, 62, 78, 83, 84, 103
cappadocia, archelaus, of	Bowie (2023), Essays on Ancient Greek Literature and Culture, Volume 2: Comedy, Herodotus, Hellenistic and Imperial Greek Poetry, the Novels. 455
cappadocia, aretaeus of	Balberg (2014), Purity, Body, and Self in Early Rabbinic Literature, 143 Jeong (2023), Pauline Baptism among the Mysteries: Ritual Messages and the Promise of Initiation. 78 Johnson Dupertuis and Shea (2018), Reading and Teaching Ancient Fiction : Jewish, Christian, and Greco-Roman Narratives 32 Jouanna (2012), Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen, 174, 184, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247
cappadocia, arian bishop of alexandria, george of	Amsler (2023), Knowledge Construction in Late Antiquity, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 122, 124, 126, 127
cappadocia, ariaramneia	Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 292
cappadocia, ariaramnes, dynast in	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 217
cappadocia, ariaratheia	Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 292, 299
cappadocia, ariarathes i of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 178, 184
cappadocia, ariarathes ii of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 232
cappadocia, ariarathes iii of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 217, 269
cappadocia, ariarathes iv of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 217, 225, 232, 233
cappadocia, ariarathes v of	Liapis and Petrides (2019), Greek Tragedy After the Fifth Century: A Survey from ca, 162, 171 Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 268, 269, 270
cappadocia, ariarathes vi of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 255, 269, 270, 271
cappadocia, ariarathes vii of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 267, 270, 271
cappadocia, ariobarzanes i of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 269, 271, 272, 281, 290
cappadocia, ariobarzanes iii of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 295, 299, 300
cappadocia, asterius of	Humfress (2007), Oppian's Halieutica: Charting a Didactic Epic, 176
cappadocia, asterius the sophist of	Cosgrove (2022), Music at Social Meals in Greek and Roman Antiquity: From the Archaic Period to the Age of Augustine, 263
cappadocia, athena, goddess, in	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 269
cappadocia, basil of	Humfress (2007), Oppian's Halieutica: Charting a Didactic Epic, 30, 247, 248
cappadocia, bishop of c., caesarea	MacDougall (2022), Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition. 10
cappadocia, by the pontos, cappadocia/cappadocians	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 232
cappadocia, caesarea	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 78, 217 Huttner (2013), Early Christianity in the Lycus Valley, 266, 276, 280, 374 Klein and Wienand (2022), City of Caesar, City of God: Constantinople and Jerusalem in Late Antiquity, 47, 133 MacDougall (2022), Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition. 8, 10, 57, 61, 81, 108, 131 de Ste. Croix et al. (2006), Christian Persecution, Martyrdom, and Orthodoxy, 175
cappadocia, caesarea, in	Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022), Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity, 93
cappadocia, candidianus, governor of	Humfress (2007), Oppian's Halieutica: Charting a Didactic Epic, 31
cappadocia, census archelaus ii, the younger, son of archelaus i of of in cilicia tracheia	Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 167, 168, 169, 209
cappadocia, census, in	Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 167, 168, 209
cappadocia, cilicia, strategia in the kingdom of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 268
cappadocia, claudius, city in	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 331
cappadocia, comana in	Mitchell and Pilhofer (2019), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 23, 28, 113
cappadocia, comana, in	Dignas (2002), Economy of the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, 227, 228
cappadocia, eusebeia, near the argaios	Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 288, 293, 294, 299, 301
cappadocia, faraşa	Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 288
cappadocia, father-in-law to herods archelaus i of son, alexander	Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 114
cappadocia, george of	Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 296, 297, 402 Kahlos (2019), Religious Dissent in Late Antiquity, 350-450, 45, 46, 69, 70
cappadocia, hanisa	Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 285, 286, 287, 288, 290, 291, 292, 294, 298, 299, 302
cappadocia, hellenization, in	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 269
cappadocia, john of	Humfress (2007), Oppian's Halieutica: Charting a Didactic Epic, 46, 76
cappadocia, kappadokarch, president of the commonalty of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 417
cappadocia, kingdom archelaus i of of annexed by tiberius	Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 134, 167
cappadocia, kingdom of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 265, 268, 510
cappadocia, komana	Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 285, 290, 300, 301, 302
cappadocia, komana, kumani, temple state and city in	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 265, 268, 295, 326, 510
cappadocia, legionary camp, kingdom of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 341, 344, 379, 541
cappadocia, location	Richlin (2018), Slave Theater in the Roman Republic: Plautus and Popular Comedy, 469
cappadocia, morima	Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 286
cappadocia, orophernes, brother of ariarathes v of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 270
cappadocia, priest, ess, /priesthood, in komana of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 295
cappadocia, prima	Mitchell and Pilhofer (2019), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 154
cappadocia, province	Bruun and Edmondson (2015), The Oxford Handbook of Roman Epigraphy, 314
cappadocia, roman province	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 326, 328, 333, 338, 339, 342, 343, 361, 362, 365, 370, 414
cappadocia, roman province, commonalty	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 417
cappadocia, roman province, military occupation	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 336, 341, 350, 384, 385
cappadocia, secunda	Mitchell and Pilhofer (2019), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 30, 82, 154, 155, 160
cappadocia, seleucia	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 78
cappadocia, sophist, pausanias of	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 492
cappadocia, tyana	Borg (2008), Paideia: the World of the Second Sophistic: The World of the Second Sophistic, 19 Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 300, 301
cappadocia/cappadocians, alexander the great	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 177, 178
cappadocia/cappadocians, archelaos sisinnes ruler	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 307, 308, 317
cappadocia/cappadocians, cappadociarchy,	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 419
cappadocia/cappadocians, christianity	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 539, 543, 547, 548, 549
cappadocia/cappadocians, cities	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 415
cappadocia/cappadocians, diadochi	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 184, 188, 191
cappadocia/cappadocians, galatians	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 205
cappadocia/cappadocians, hellenization	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 269, 492
cappadocia/cappadocians, invasion of heruli	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 357
cappadocia/cappadocians, invasion of sasanians	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 358
cappadocia/cappadocians, kingdom	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 217, 268, 269
cappadocia/cappadocians, language	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 399, 492
cappadocia/cappadocians, limes, frontier	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 338, 381, 382
cappadocia/cappadocians, miltos, red chalk	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 133
cappadocia/cappadocians, mithridates’s intervention	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 270, 271, 272
cappadocia/cappadocians, names	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 398, 399
cappadocia/cappadocians, parthian war under nero	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 332, 333, 334, 336, 338
cappadocia/cappadocians, royal coinage	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 269
cappadocia/cappadocians, satrapy	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 152, 155
cappadocia/cappadocians, senators	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 473
cappadocia/cappadocians, third mithridatic war	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 281, 286, 290
cappadocia/cappadocians, tigranes of armenia	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 279
cappadocia/cappadocians, transformation into roman province	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 326
cappadocia/cappadocians, villages	Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 200

List of validated texts:

15 validated results for "cappadocia"

1. Herodotus, Histories, 1.76, 3.90-3.94 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Archelaus (King of Cappadocia), and dream interpretation • Cappadocia • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, satrapy

Found in books: Kingsley Monti and Rood (2022), The Authoritative Historian: Tradition and Innovation in Ancient Historiography, 161; Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 155; Munn (2006), The Mother of the Gods, Athens, and the Tyranny of Asia: A Study of Sovereignty in Ancient Religion. 98, 216; Taylor (2012), The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea, 146

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1.76 Κροῖσος δὲ ἐπείτε διαβὰς σὺν τῷ στρατῷ ἀπίκετο τῆς Καππαδοκίης ἐς τὴν Πτερίην καλεομένην ʽἡ δὲ Πτερίη ἐστὶ τῆς χώρης ταύτης τὸ 1 ἰσχυρότατον, κατὰ Σινώπην πόλιν τὴν ἐν Εὐξείνῳ πόντῳ μάλιστά κῃ κειμένἠ, ἐνθαῦτα ἐστρατοπεδεύετο φθείρων τῶν Συρίων τοὺς κλήρους· καὶ εἷλε μὲν τῶν Πτερίων τὴν πόλιν καὶ ἠνδραποδίσατο, εἷλε δὲ τὰς περιοικίδας αὐτῆς πάσας, Συρίους τε οὐδὲν ἐόντας αἰτίους ἀναστάτους ἐποίησε. Κῦρος δὲ ἀγείρας τὸν ἑωυτοῦ στρατὸν καὶ παραλαβὼν τοὺς μεταξὺ οἰκέοντας πάντας ἠντιοῦτο Κροίσῳ. πρὶν δὲ ἐξελαύνειν ὁρμῆσαι τὸν στρατόν, πέμψας κήρυκας ἐς τοὺς Ἴωνας ἐπειρᾶτο σφέας ἀπὸ Κροίσου ἀπιστάναι. Ἴωνες μέν νυν οὐκ ἐπείθοντο. Κῦρος δὲ ὡς ἀπίκετο καὶ ἀντεστρατοπεδεύσατο Κροίσῳ, ἐνθαῦτα ἐν τῇ Πτερίῃ χωρῇ ἐπειρῶντο κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν ἀλλήλων. μάχης δὲ καρτερῆς γενομένης καὶ πεσόντων ἀμφοτέρων πολλῶν, τέλος οὐδέτεροι νικήσαντες διέστησαν νυκτὸς ἐπελθούσης. καὶ τὰ μὲν στρατόπεδα ἀμφότερα οὕτω ἠγωνίσατο. ^3.90 ἀπὸ μὲν δὴ Ἰώνων καὶ Μαγνήτων τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἀσίῃ καὶ Αἰολέων καὶ Καρῶν καὶ Λυκίων καὶ Μιλυέων καὶ Παμφύλων ʽεἷς γὰρ ἦν οἱ τεταγμένος οὗτος φόροσ̓ προσήιε τετρακόσια τάλαντα ἀργυρίου. ὁ μὲν δὴ πρῶτος οὗτός οἱ νομὸς κατεστήκεε, ἀπὸ δὲ Μυσῶν καὶ Λυδῶν καὶ Λασονίων καὶ Καβαλέων καὶ Ὑτεννέων πεντακόσια τάλαντα· δεύτερος νομὸς οὗτος. ἀπὸ δὲ Ἑλλησποντίων τῶν ἐπὶ δεξιὰ ἐσπλέοντι καὶ Φρυγῶν καὶ Θρηίκων τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἀσίῃ καὶ Παφλαγόνων καὶ Μαριανδυνῶν καὶ Συρίων ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριηκόσια τάλαντα ἦν φόρος· νομὸς τρίτος οὗτος. ἀπὸ δὲ Κιλίκων ἵπποι τε λευκοὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριηκόσιοι, ἑκάστης ἡμέρης εἷς γινόμενος, καὶ τάλαντα ἀργυρίου πεντακόσια· τούτων δὲ τεσσεράκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν ἐς τὴν φρουρέουσαν ἵππον τὴν Κιλικίην χώρην ἀναισιμοῦτο, τὰ δὲ τριηκόσια καὶ ἑξήκοντα Δαρείῳ ἐφοίτα· νομὸς τέταρτος οὗτος. ^3.91 ἀπὸ δὲ Ποσιδηίου πόλιος, τὴν Ἀμφίλοχος ὁ Ἀμφιάρεω οἴκισε ἐπʼ οὔροισι τοῖσι Κιλίκων τε καὶ Σύρων, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ ταύτης μέχρι Αἰγύπτου, πλὴν μοίρης τῆς Ἀραβίων ʽταῦτα γὰρ ἦν ἀτελέἀ, πεντήκοντα καὶ τριηκόσια τάλαντα φόρος ἦν. ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ νομῷ τούτῳ Φοινίκη τε πᾶσα καὶ Συρίη ἡ Παλαιστίνη καλεομένη καὶ Κύπρος· νομὸς πέμπτος οὗτος. ἀπʼ Αἰγύπτου δὲ καὶ Λιβύων τῶν προσεχέων Αἰγύπτῳ καὶ Κυρήνης τε καὶ Βάρκης ʽἐς γὰρ τὸν Αἰγύπτιον νομὸν αὗται ἐκεκοσμέατὀ ἑπτακόσια προσήιε τάλαντα, πάρεξ τοῦ ἐκ τῆς Μοίριος λίμνης γινομένου ἀργυρίου, τὸ ἐγίνετο ἐκ τῶν ἰχθύων· τούτου τε δὴ χωρὶς τοῦ ἀργυρίου καὶ τοῦ ἐπιμετρουμένου σίτου προσήιε ἑπτακόσια τάλαντα· σίτου γὰρ δύο καὶ δέκα μυριάδας Περσέων τε τοῖσι ἐν τῷ Λευκῷ τείχεϊ τῷ ἐν Μέμφι κατοικημένοισι καταμετρέουσι καὶ τοῖσι τούτων ἐπικούροισι. νομὸς ἕκτος οὗτος. Σατταγύδαι δὲ καὶ Γανδάριοι καὶ Δαδίκαι τε καὶ Ἀπαρύται ἐς τὠυτὸ τεταγμένοι ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν τάλαντα προσέφερον· νομὸς δὲ οὗτος ἕβδομος. ἀπὸ Σούσων δὲ καὶ τῆς ἄλλης Κισσίων χώρης τριηκόσια· νομὸς ὄγδοος οὗτος. ^3.92 ἀπὸ Βαβυλῶνος δὲ καὶ τῆς λοιπῆς Ἀσσυρίης χίλιά οἱ προσήιε τάλαντα ἀργυρίου καὶ παῖδες ἐκτομίαι πεντακόσιοι· νομὸς εἴνατος οὗτος. ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀγβατάνων καὶ τῆς λοιπῆς Μηδικῆς καὶ Παρικανίων καὶ Ὀρθοκορυβαντίων πεντήκοντά τε καὶ τετρακόσια τάλαντα· νομὸς δέκατος οὗτος. Κάσπιοι δὲ καὶ Παυσίκαι καὶ Παντίμαθοί τε καὶ Δαρεῖται ἐς τὠυτὸ συμφέροντες διηκόσια τάλαντα ἀπαγίνεον· νομὸς ἑνδέκατος οὗτος. ^3.93 ἀπὸ Βακτριανῶν δὲ μέχρι Αἰγλῶν ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριηκόσια τάλαντα φόρος ἦν· νομὸς δυωδέκατος οὗτος. ἀπὸ Πακτυϊκῆς δὲ καὶ Ἀρμενίων καὶ τῶν προσεχέων μέχρι τοῦ πόντου τοῦ Εὐξείνου τετρακόσια τάλαντα· νομὸς τρίτος καὶ δέκατος οὗτος. ἀπὸ δὲ Σαγαρτίων καὶ Σαραγγέων καὶ Θαμαναίων καὶ Οὐτίων καὶ Μύκων καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇσι νήσοισι οἰκεόντων τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἐρυθρῇ θαλάσσῃ, ἐν τῇσι τοὺς ἀνασπάστους καλεομένους κατοικίζει βασιλεύς, ἀπὸ τούτων πάντων ἑξακόσια τάλαντα ἐγίνετο φόρος· νομὸς τέταρτος καὶ δέκατος οὗτος. Σάκαι δὲ καὶ Κάσπιοι πεντήκοντα καὶ διηκόσια ἀπαγίνεον τάλαντα· νομὸς πέμπτος καὶ δέκατος οὗτος. Πάρθοι δὲ καὶ Χοράσμιοι καὶ Σόγδοι τε καὶ Ἄρειοι τριηκόσια τάλαντα· νομὸς ἕκτος καὶ δέκατος οὗτος. ^3.94 Παρικάνιοι δὲ καὶ Αἰθίοπες οἱ ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίης τετρακόσια τάλαντα ἀπαγίνεον· νομὸς ἕβδομος καὶ δέκατος οὗτος. Ματιηνοῖσι δὲ καὶ Σάσπειρσι καὶ Ἀλαροδίοισι διηκόσια ἐπετέτακτο τάλαντα· νομὸς ὄγδοος καὶ δέκατος οὗτος. Μόσχοισι δὲ καὶ Τιβαρηνοῖσι καὶ Μάκρωσι καὶ Μοσσυνοίκοισι καὶ Μαρσὶ τριηκόσια τάλαντα προείρητο· νομὸς εἴνατος καὶ δέκατος οὗτος. Ἰνδῶν δὲ πλῆθός τε πολλῷ πλεῖστον ἐστὶ πάντων τῶν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ φόρον ἀπαγίνεον πρὸς πάντας τοὺς ἄλλους ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριηκόσια τάλαντα ψήγματος· νομὸς εἰκοστὸς οὗτος.'' None

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1.76 Passing over with his army, Croesus then came to the part of Cappadocia called Pteria (it is the strongest part of this country and lies on the line of the city of Sinope on the Euxine sea ), where he encamped and devastated the farms of the Syrians; ,and he took and enslaved the city of the Pterians, and took all the places around it also, and drove the Syrians from their homes, though they had done him no harm. Cyrus, mustering his army, advanced to oppose Croesus, gathering to him all those who lived along the way. ,But before beginning his march, he sent heralds to the Ionians to try to draw them away from Croesus. The Ionians would not be prevailed on; but when Cyrus arrived and encamped face to face with Croesus, there in the Pterian country the armies had a trial of strength. ,The fighting was fierce, many on both sides fell, and at nightfall they disengaged with neither side victorious. The two sides contended thus. ^3.90 The Ionians, Magnesians of Asia, Aeolians, Carians, Lycians, Milyans, and Pamphylians, on whom Darius laid one joint tribute, paid a revenue of four hundred talents of silver. This was established as his first province. The Mysians, Lydians, Lasonians, Cabalians, and Hytennians paid five hundred talents; this was the second province. ,The third comprised the Hellespontians on the right of the entrance of the straits, the Phrygians, Thracians of Asia, Paphlagonians, Mariandynians, and Syrians; these paid three hundred and sixty talents of tribute. ,The fourth province was Cilicia . This rendered three hundred and sixty white horses, one for each day in the year, and five hundred talents of silver. A hundred and forty of these were expended on the horsemen who were the guard of Cilicia ; the three hundred and sixty that remained were paid to Darius. ^3.91 The fifth province was the country (except the part belonging to the Arabians, which paid no tribute) between Posideion, a city founded on the Cilician and Syrian border by Amphilochus son of Amphiaraus, and Egypt ; this paid three hundred and fifty talents; in this province was all Phoenicia, and the part of Syria called Palestine, and Cyprus . ,The sixth province was Egypt and the neighboring parts of Libya, and Cyrene and Barca, all of which were included in the province of Egypt . From here came seven hundred talents, besides the income in silver from the fish of the lake Moeris ; ,besides that silver and the assessment of grain that was given also, seven hundred talents were paid; for a hundred and twenty thousand bushels of grain were also assigned to the Persians quartered at the White Wall of Memphis and their allies. ,The Sattagydae, Gandarii, Dadicae, and Aparytae paid together a hundred and seventy talents; this was the seventh province; the eighth was Susa and the rest of the Cissian country, paying three hundred talents. ^3.92 From Babylon and the rest of Assyria came to Darius a thousand talents of silver and five hundred castrated boys; this was the ninth province; Ecbatana and the rest of Media, with the Paricanians and Orthocorybantians, paid four hundred and fifty talents, and was the tenth province. ,The eleventh comprised the Caspii, Pausicae, Pantimathi, and Daritae, paying jointly two hundred; ^3.93 The twelfth, the Bactrians as far as the land of the Aegli; these paid three hundred and sixty. The thirteenth, the Pactyic country and Armenia and the lands adjoining as far as the Euxine sea ; these paid four hundred. ,The fourteenth province was made up of the Sagartii, Sarangeis, Thamanaei, Utii, Myci, and the inhabitants of those islands of the southern sea on which the king settles the so-called displaced people; these together paid a tribute of six hundred talents. ,The Sacae and Caspii were the fifteenth, paying two hundred and fifty. The Parthians, Chorasmians, Sogdi, and Arii were the sixteenth, paying three hundred. ^3.94 The Paricanii and Ethiopians of Asia, the seventeenth, paid four hundred; the Matieni, Saspiri, and Alarodii were the eighteenth, and two hundred talents were the appointed tribute. ,The Moschi, Tibareni, Macrones, Mossynoeci, and Mares, the nineteenth province, were ordered to pay three hundred. The Indians made up the twentieth province. These are more in number than any nation of which we know, and they paid a greater tribute than any other province, namely three hundred and sixty talents of gold dust. '' None

2. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 18.22.1 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Ariarathes I of Cappadocia • Cappadocia • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, diadochi

Found in books: Amendola (2022), The Demades Papyrus (P.Berol. inv. 13045): A New Text with Commentary, 325; Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 184

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18.22.1 \xa0Now when Perdiccas and King Philip had defeated Ariarathes and delivered his satrapy to Eumenes, they departed from Cappadocia. And having arrived in Pisidia, they determined to lay waste two cities, that of the Larandians and that of the Isaurians; for while Alexander was still alive these cities had put to death Balacrus the son of Nicanor, who had been appointed general and satrap.'' None

3. New Testament, Apocalypse, 3.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Anonyma (Montanist? prophetess at Caesarea in Cappadocia) • Cappadocia

Found in books: Moss (2012), Ancient Christian Martyrdom: Diverse Practices, Theologies, and Traditions, 49; Tabbernee (2007), Fake Prophecy and Polluted Sacraments: Ecclesiastical and Imperial Reactions to Montanism, 117

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3.12 Ὁ νικῶν ποιήσω αὐτὸν στύλον ἐν τῷ ναῷ τοῦ θεοῦ μου, καὶ ἔξω οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃ ἔτι, καὶ γράψω ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ μου καὶτὸ ὄνομα τῆς πὀλεωςτοῦ θεοῦ μου, τῆς καινῆς Ἰερουσαλήμ, ἡ καταβαίνουσα ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ μου, καὶτὸ ὄνομάμουτὸ καινόν.'' None

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3.12 He who overcomes, I will make him a pillar in the temple of my God, and he will go out from there no more. I will write on him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God, the new Jerusalem, which comes down out of heaven from my God, and my own new name.'' None

4. Suetonius, Tiberius, 37.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Archelaus II (the Younger), son of Archelaus I of Cappadocia, census of, in Cilicia Tracheia • Cappadocia, Roman province • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, transformation into Roman province • Komana (Kumani), temple state and city in Cappadocia • census, in Cappadocia

Found in books: Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 326; Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 209

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37.4 \xa0He undertook no campaign after his accession, but quelled outbreaks of the enemy through his generals; and even this he did only reluctantly and of necessity. Such kings as were disaffected and objects of his suspicion he held in check rather by threats and remonstrances than by force; some he lured to Rome by flattering promises and detained there, such as Marobodus the German, Rhascuporis the Thracian, and Archelaus of Cappadocia, whose realm he also reduced to the form of a province.'' None

5. Tacitus, Annals, 2.42, 6.41, 12.49 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Archelaus I of Cappadocia, alleged to be deranged • Archelaus I of Cappadocia, kingdom of, annexed by Tiberius • Archelaus II (the Younger), son of Archelaus I of Cappadocia • Archelaus II (the Younger), son of Archelaus I of Cappadocia, census of, in Cilicia Tracheia • Archelaus of Cappadocia • Cappadocia • Cappadocia, Roman province • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, transformation into Roman province • Komana (Kumani), temple state and city in Cappadocia • census, in Cappadocia

Found in books: Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 326; Merz and Tieleman (2012), Ambrosiaster's Political Theology, 18; Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 134, 167, 209

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2.42 Ceterum Tiberius nomine Germanici trecenos plebi sestertios viritim dedit seque collegam consulatui eius destinavit. nec ideo sincerae caritatis fidem adsecutus amoliri iuvenem specie honoris statuit struxitque causas aut forte oblatas arripuit. rex Archelaus quinquagesimum annum Cappadocia potiebatur, invisus Tiberio quod eum Rhodi agentem nullo officio coluisset. nec id Archelaus per superbiam omiserat, sed ab intimis Augusti monitus, quia florente Gaio Caesare missoque ad res Orientis intuta Tiberii amicitia credebatur. ut versa Caesarum subole imperium adeptus est, elicit Archelaum matris litteris, quae non dissimulatis filii offensionibus clementiam offerebat, si ad precandum veniret. ille ignarus doli vel, si intellegere crederetur, vim metuens in urbem properat; exceptusque immiti a principe et mox accusatus in senatu, non ob crimina quae fingebantur sed angore, simul fessus senio et quia regibus aequa, nedum infima insolita sunt, finem vitae sponte an fato implevit. regnum in provinciam redactum est, fructibusque eius levari posse centesimae vectigal professus Caesar ducentesimam in posterum statuit. per idem tempus Antiocho Commagenorum, Philopatore Cilicum regibus defunctis turbabantur nationes, plerisque Romanum, aliis regium imperium cupientibus; et provinciae Syria atque Iudaea, fessae oneribus, deminutionem tributi orabant. ^6.41 Per idem tempus Clitarum natio Cappadoci Archelao subiecta, quia nostrum in modum deferre census, pati tributa adigebatur, in iuga Tauri montis abscessit locorumque ingenio sese contra imbellis regis copias tutabatur, donec M. Trebellius legatus, a Vitellio praeside Syriae cum quattuor milibus legionariorum et delectis auxiliis missus, duos collis quos barbari insederant (minori Cadra, alteri Davara nomen est) operibus circumdedit et erumpere ausos ferro, ceteros siti ad deditionem coegit. At Tiridates volentibus Parthis Nicephorium et Anthemusiada ceterasque urbes, quae Macedonibus sitae Graeca vocabula usurpant, Halumque et Artemitam Parthica oppida recepit, certantibus gaudio qui Artabanum Scythas inter eductum ob saevitiam execrati come Tiridatis ingenium Romanas per artes sperabant. ^12.49 Erat Cappadociae procurator Iulius Paelignus, ignavia animi et deridiculo corporis iuxta despiciendus, sed Claudio perquam familiaris, cum privatus olim conversatione scurrarum iners otium oblectaret. is Paelignus auxiliis provincialium contractis tamquam reciperaturus Armeniam, dum socios magis quam hostis praedatur, abscessu suorum et incursantibus barbaris praesidii egens ad Radamistum venit; donisque eius evictus ultro regium insigne sumere cohortatur sumentique adest auctor et satelles. quod ubi turpi fama divulgatum, ne ceteri quoque ex Paeligno coniectarentur, Helvidius Priscus legatus cum legione mittitur rebus turbidis pro tempore ut consuleret. igitur propere montem Taurum transgressus moderatione plura quam vi composuerat, cum rediret in Syriam iubetur ne initium belli adversus Parthos existeret.'' None

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2.42 \xa0For the rest, Tiberius, in the name of Germanicus, made a distribution to the populace of three hundred sesterces a man: as his colleague in the consulship he nominated himself. All this, however, won him no credit for genuine affection, and he decided to remove the youth under a show of honour; some of the pretexts he fabricated, others he accepted as chance offered. For fifty years King Archelaus had been in possession of Cappadocia; to Tiberius a hated man, since he had offered him none of the usual attentions during his stay in Rhodes. The omission was due not to insolence, but to advice from the intimates of Augustus; for, as Gaius Caesar was then in his heyday and had been despatched to settle affairs in the East, the friendship of Tiberius was believed unsafe. When, through the extinction of the Caesarian line, Tiberius attained the empire, he lured Archelaus from Cappadocia by a letter of his mother; who, without dissembling the resentment of her son, offered clemency, if he came to make his petition. Unsuspicious of treachery, or apprehending force, should he be supposed alive to it, he hurried to the capital, was received by an unrelenting sovereign, and shortly afterwards was impeached in the senate. Broken, not by the charges, which were fictitious, but by torturing anxiety, combined with the weariness of age and the fact that to princes even equality â\x80\x94 to say nothing of humiliation â\x80\x94 is an unfamiliar thing, he ended his days whether deliberately or in the course of nature. His kingdom was converted into a province; and the emperor, announcing that its revenues made feasible a reduction of the one per\xa0cent sale-tax, fixed it for the future at one half of this amount. â\x80\x94 About the same time, the death of the two kings, Antiochus of Commagene and Philopator of Cilicia, disturbed the peace of their countries, where the majority of men desired a Roman governor, and the minority a monarch. The provinces, too, of Syria and Judaea, exhausted by their burdens, were pressing for a diminution of the tribute. < ^6.41 \xa0About this date, the Cietae, a tribe subject to Archelaus of Cappadocia, pressed to conform with Roman usage by making a return of their property and submitting to a tribute, migrated to the heights of the Tauric range, and, favoured by the nature of the country, held their own against the unwarlike forces of the king; until the legate Marcus Trebellius, despatched by Vitellius from his province of Syria with four thousand legionaries and a picked force of auxiliaries, drew his lines round the two hills which the barbarians had occupied (the smaller is known as Cadra, the other as Davara) and reduced them to surrender â\x80\x94 those who ventured to make a sally, by the sword, the others by thirst. Meanwhile, with the acquiescence of the Parthians, Tiridates took over Nicephorium, Anthemusias, and the other cities of Macedonian foundation, carrying Greek names, together with the Parthic towns of Halus and Artemita; enthusiasm running high, as Artabanus, with his Scythian training, had been execrated for his cruelty and it was hoped that Roman culture had mellowed the character of Tiridates. < ^12.49 \xa0The procurator of Cappadocia was Julius Paelignus, a person made doubly contemptible by hebetude of mind and grotesqueness of body, yet on terms of the greatest intimacy with Claudius during the years of retirement when he amused his sluggish leisure with the society of buffoons. The Paelignus had mustered the provincial militia, with the avowed intention of recovering Armenia; but, while he was plundering our subjects in preference to the enemy, the secession of his troops left him defenceless against the barbarian incursions, and he made his way to Radamistus, by whose liberality he was so overpowered that he voluntarily advised him to assume the kingly emblem, and assisted at its assumption in the quality of sponsor and satellite. Ugly reports of the incident spread; and, to make it clear that not all Romans were to be judged by the standard of Paelignus, the legate Helvidius Priscus was sent with a legion to deal with the disturbed situation as the circumstances might require. Accordingly, after crossing Mount Taurus in haste, he had settled more points by moderation than by force, when he was ordered back to Syria, lest he should give occasion for a Parthian war. <'' None

6. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Cappadocia

Found in books: Gray (2021), Gregory of Nyssa as Biographer: Weaving Lives for Virtuous Readers, 63; Mitchell and Pilhofer (2019), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 2

7. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 49.32.3, 54.9.2, 57.17.7 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Archelaus I of Cappadocia • Archelaus I of Cappadocia, alleged to be deranged • Archelaus I of Cappadocia, appointed in 36 B.C.E. by Antony • Archelaus I of Cappadocia, kingdom of, annexed by Tiberius • Archelaus II (the Younger), son of Archelaus I of Cappadocia • Archelaus II (the Younger), son of Archelaus I of Cappadocia, census of, in Cilicia Tracheia • Cappadocia • Cappadocia, Roman province • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, Archelaos Sisinnes ruler • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, transformation into Roman province • Komana (Kumani), temple state and city in Cappadocia • census, in Cappadocia

Found in books: Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 307, 317, 326; Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 134, 138, 167, 168, 209

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49.32.3 \xa0Antony, in addition to making the arrangements mentioned above, assigned principalities, giving Galatia to Amyntas, though he had been only the secretary of Deiotarus, and also adding to his domain Lycaonia with portions of Pamphylia, and bestowing upon Archelaus Cappadocia, after driving out Ariarathes. This Archelaus belonged on his father's side to those Archelauses who had contended against the Romans, but on his mother's side was the son of Glaphyra, an hetaera." ^54.9.2 \xa0Therefore he undertook no war, at any rate for the time being, but actually gave away certain principalities â\x80\x94 to Iamblichus, the son of Iamblichus, his ancestral dominion over the Arabians, and to Tarcondimotus, the son of Tarcondimotus, the kingdom of Cilicia, which his father had held, except for a\xa0few places on the coast. These latter together with Lesser Armenia he granted to Archelaus, because the Mede, who previously had ruled them, was dead. ^57.17.7 \xa0So it was that the life of Archelaus was spared for the time being; but he died shortly afterward from some other cause. After this Cappadocia fell to the Romans and was put in charge of a knight as governor. The cities in Asia which had been damaged by the earthquake were assigned to an ex-praetor with five lictors; and large sums of money were remitted from taxes and large sums were also given them by Tiberius. <'" None

8. Tertullian, To Scapula, 3 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Cappadocia • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, Christianity

Found in books: Lampe (2003), Christians at Rome in the First Two Centuries: From Paul to Valentinus, 340; Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 539

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3 However, as we have already remarked, it cannot but distress us that no state shall bear unpunished the guilt of shedding Christian blood; as you see, indeed, in what took place during the presidency of Hilarian, for when there had been some agitation about places of sepulture for our dead, and the cry arose, No are - no burial-grounds for the Christians, it came that their own are, their threshing-floors, were a-wanting, for they gathered in no harvests. As to the rains of the bygone year, it is abundantly plain of what they were intended to remind men - of the deluge, no doubt, which in ancient times overtook human unbelief and wickedness; and as to the fires which lately hung all night over the walls of Carthage, they who saw them know what they threatened; and what the preceding thunders pealed, they who were hardened by them can tell. All these things are signs of God's impending wrath, which we must needs publish and proclaim in every possible way; and in the meanwhile we must pray it may be only local. Sure are they to experience it one day in its universal and final form, who interpret otherwise these samples of it. That sun, too, in the metropolis of Utica, with light all but extinguished, was a portent which could not have occurred from an ordinary eclipse, situated as the lord of day was in his height and house. You have the astrologers, consult them about it. We can point you also to the deaths of some provincial rulers, who in their last hours had painful memories of their sin in persecuting the followers of Christ. Vigellius Saturninus, who first here used the sword against us, lost his eyesight. Claudius Lucius Herminianus in Cappadocia, enraged that his wife had become a Christian, had treated the Christians with great cruelty: well, left alone in his palace, suffering under a contagious malady, he boiled out in living worms, and was heard exclaiming, Let nobody know of it, lest the Christians rejoice, and Christian wives take encouragement. Afterwards he came to see his error in having tempted so many from their steadfastness by the tortures he inflicted, and died almost a Christian himself. In that doom which overtook Byzantium, C cilius Capella could not help crying out, Christians, rejoice! Yes, and the persecutors who seem to themselves to have acted with impunity shall not escape the day of judgment. For you we sincerely wish it may prove to have been a warning only, that, immediately after you had condemned Mavilus of Adrumetum to the wild beasts, you were overtaken by those troubles, and that even now for the same reason you are called to a blood-reckoning. But do not forget the future. "" None

9. Socrates Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History, 4.26 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Caesarea (Cappadocia) • Cappadocia

Found in books: MacDougall (2022), Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition. 81; Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020), Athens II: Athens in Late Antiquity, 180

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4.26 Now Providence opposed Didymus to the Arians at Alexandria. But for the purpose of confuting them in other cities, it raised up Basil of C sarea and Gregory of Nazianzus; concerning these it will be reasonable to give a brief account in this place. Indeed the universally prevalent memory of the men would be enough as a token of their fame; and the extent of their knowledge is sufficiently perceptible in their writings. Since, however, the exercise of their talents was of great service to the Church, tending in a high degree to the maintece of the catholic faith, the nature of my history obliges me to take particular notice of these two persons. If any one should compare Basil and Gregory with one another, and consider the life, morals, and virtues of each, he would find it difficult to decide to which of them he ought to assign the pre-eminence: so equally did they both appear to excel, whether you regard the rectitude of their conduct, or their deep acquaintance with Greek literature and the sacred Scriptures. In their youth they were pupils at Athens of Himerius and Proh resius, the most celebrated sophists of that age: subsequently they frequented the school of Libanius at Antioch in Syria, where they cultivated rhetoric to the utmost. Having been deemed worthy of the profession of sophistry, they were urged by many of their friends to enter the profession of teaching eloquence; others would have persuaded them to practice law: but despising both these pursuits, they abandoned their former studies, and embraced the monastic life. Having had some slight taste of philosophical science from him who then taught it at Antioch, they procured Origen's works, and drew from them the right interpretation of the sacred Scriptures; for the fame of Origen was very great and widespread throughout the whole world at that time; after a careful perusal of the writings of that great man, they contended against the Arians with manifest advantage. And when the defenders of Arianism quoted the same author in confirmation, as they imagined, of their own views, these two confuted them, and clearly proved that their opponents did not at all understand the reasoning of Origen. Indeed, although Eunomius, who was then their champion, and many others on the side of the Arians were considered men of great eloquence, yet whenever they attempted to enter into controversy with Gregory and Basil, they appeared in comparison with them ignorant and illiterate. Basil being ordained to the office of deacon, was by Meletius, bishop of Antioch, from that rank elevated to the bishopric of C sarea in Cappadocia, which was his native country. Thither he therefore hastened, fearing lest these Arian dogmas should have infected the provinces of Pontus; and in order to counteract them, he founded several monasteries, diligently instructed the people in his own doctrines, and confirmed the faith of those whose minds were wavering. Gregory being constituted bishop of Nazianzus, a small city of Cappadocia over which his own father had before presided, pursued a course similar to that which Basil took; for he went through the various cities, and strengthened the weak in faith. To Constantinople in particular he made frequent visits, and by his ministrations there, comforted and assured the orthodox believers, wherefore a short time after, by the suffrage of many bishops, he was made bishop of the church at Constantinople. When intelligence of the proceedings of these two zealous and devoted men reached the ears of the emperor Valens, he immediately ordered Basil to be brought from C sarea to Antioch; where being arraigned before the tribunal of the prefect, that functionary asked him 'why he would not embrace the emperor's faith?' Basil with much boldness condemned the errors of that creed which his sovereign counteced, and vindicated the doctrine of the homoousion: and when the prefect threatened him with death, 'Would,' said Basil, 'that I might be released from the bonds of the body for the truth's sake.' The prefect having exhorted him to reconsider the matter more seriously, Basil is reported to have said, 'I am the same today that I shall be tomorrow: but I wish that you had not changed yourself.' At that time, therefore, Basil remained in custody throughout the day. It happened, however, not long afterwards that Galates, the emperor's infant son, was attacked with a dangerous malady, so that the physicians despaired of his recovery; when the empress Dominica, his mother, assured the emperor that she had been greatly disquieted in her dreams by fearful visions, which led her to believe that the child's illness was a chastisement on account of the ill treatment of the bishop. The emperor after a little reflection sent for Basil, and in order to prove his faith said to him, 'If the doctrine you maintain is the truth, pray that my son may not die. If your majesty should believe as I do,' replied Basil, 'and the church should be unified, the child shall live.' To these conditions the emperor would not agree: 'God's will concerning the child will be done then,' said Basil; as Basil said this the emperor ordered him to be dismissed; the child, however, died shortly after. Such is an epitome of the history of these distinguished ecclesiastics, both of whom have left us many admirable works, some of which Rufinus says he has translated into Latin. Basil had two brothers, Peter and Gregory; the former of whom adopted Basil's monastic mode of life; while the latter emulated his eloquence in teaching, and completed after his death Basil's treatise on the Six Days' Work, which had been left unfinished. He also pronounced at Constantinople the funeral oration of Meletius, bishop of Antioch; and many other orations of his are still extant. "" None

10. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • George of Cappadocia

Found in books: Dijkstra and Raschle (2020), Religious Violence in the Ancient World: From Classical Athens to Late Antiquity, 296, 297; Kahlos (2019), Religious Dissent in Late Antiquity, 350-450, 46

11. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Caesarea (Cappadocia) • Caesarea (Cappadocia), Bishop of C. • Cappadocia

Found in books: Gray (2021), Gregory of Nyssa as Biographer: Weaving Lives for Virtuous Readers, 7; Konig (2022), The Folds of Olympus: Mountains in Ancient Greek and Roman Culture, 101; MacDougall (2022), Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition. 10; Mitchell and Pilhofer (2019), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 26

12. None, None, nan (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Cappadocia • Cappadocia, Roman province, commonalty • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, Cappadociarchy • Kappadokarch, president of the commonalty of Cappadocia

Found in books: Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 417, 419; Merz and Tieleman (2012), Ambrosiaster's Political Theology, 26

13. None, None, nan (6th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Cappadocia • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, limes (frontier)

Found in books: Klein and Wienand (2022), City of Caesar, City of God: Constantinople and Jerusalem in Late Antiquity, 129; Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 382

14. Strabo, Geography, 12.1.4, 12.2.3, 12.2.5-12.2.6, 12.2.10, 12.3.37, 14.5.6, 16.2.3
Tagged with subjects: • Archelais (Garsau(i)ra), Cappadocia • Archelaos, king of Cappadocia • Archelaus II (the Younger), son of Archelaus I of Cappadocia, census of, in Cilicia Tracheia • Ariarathes VII of Cappadocia • Cappadocia • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, Archelaos Sisinnes ruler • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, Third Mithridatic War • Cappadocia/Cappadocians, miltos (red chalk) • Comana in Cappadocia • Comana, in Cappadocia • Eusebeia, near the Argaios, Cappadocia • Hanisa, Cappadocia • Komana, Cappadocia • Tyana, Cappadocia • census, in Cappadocia

Found in books: Dignas (2002), Economy of the Sacred in Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor, 227, 228; Marek (2019), In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World, 133, 267, 286, 317; Merz and Tieleman (2012), Ambrosiaster's Political Theology, 26; Mitchell and Pilhofer (2019), Early Christianity in Asia Minor and Cyprus: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 28; Stavrianopoulou (2013), Shifting Social Imaginaries in the Hellenistic Period: Narrations, Practices and Images, 284, 285, 290, 300, 301; Talbert (1984), The Senate of Imperial Rome, 429; Udoh (2006), To Caesar What Is Caesar's: Tribute, Taxes, and Imperial Administration in Early Roman Palestine 63 B.C.E to 70 B.C.E, 168

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12.1.4 Cappadocia was divided into two satrapies by the Persians at the time when it was taken over by the Macedonians; the Macedonians willingly allowed one part of the country, but unwillingly the other, to change to kingdoms instead of satrapies; and one of these kingdoms they named Cappadocia Proper and Cappadocia near Taurus, and even Greater Cappadocia, and the other they named Pontus, though others named it Cappadocia Pontica. As for Greater Cappadocia, we at present do not yet know its administrative divisions, for after the death of king Archelaus, Caesar and the senate decreed that it was a Roman province. But when, in the reign of Archelaus and of the kings who preceded him, the country was divided into ten prefectures, those near the Taurus were reckoned as five in number, I mean Melitene, Cataonia, Cilicia, Tyanitis, and Garsauritis; and Laviansene, Sargarausene, Saravene, Chamanene, and Morimene as the remaining five. The Romans later assigned to the predecessors of Archelaus an eleventh prefecture, taken from Cilicia, I mean the country round Castabala and Cybistra, extending to Derbe, which last had belonged to Antipater the pirate; and to Archelaus they further assigned the part of Cilicia Tracheia round Elaeussa, and also all the country that had organized the business of piracy.' "^12.2.3 In this Antitaurus are deep and narrow valleys, in which are situated Comana and the sanctuary of Enyo, whom the people there call Ma. It is a considerable city; its inhabitants, however, consist mostly of the divinely inspired people and the temple-servants who live in it. Its inhabitants are Cataonians, who, though in a general way classed as subject to the king, are in most respects subject to the priest. The priest is master of the sanctuary, and also of the temple-servants, who on my sojourn there were more than six thousand in number, men and women together. Also, considerable territory belongs to the sanctuary, and the revenue is enjoyed by the priest. He is second in rank in Cappadocia after the king; and in general the priests belonged to the same family as the kings. It is thought that Orestes, with his sister Iphigeneia, brought these sacred rites here from the Tauric Scythia, the rites in honor of Artemis Tauropolus, and that here they also deposited the hair of mourning; whence the city's name. Now the Sarus River flows through this city and passes out through the gorges of the Taurus to the plains of the Cilicians and to the sea that lies below them." ^12.2.5 14The third in rank is the priesthood of Zeus Dacieus, which, though inferior to that of Enyo, is noteworthy. At this place there is a reservoir of salt water which has the circumference of a considerable lake; it is shut in by brows of hills so high and steep that people go down to it by ladder-like steps. The water, they say, neither increases nor anywhere has a visible outflow. ^12.2.6 Neither the plain of the Cataonians nor the country Melitene has a city, but they have strongholds on the mountains, I mean Azamora and Dastarcum; and round the latter flows the Carmalas River. It contains also a sanctuary, that of the Cataonian Apollo, which is held in honor throughout the whole of Cappadocia, the Cappadocians having made it the model of sanctuaries of their own. Neither do the other prefectures, except two, contain cities; and of the remaining prefectures, Sargarausene contains a small town Herpa, and also the Carmalas River, this too emptying into the Cilician Sea. In the other prefectures are Argos, a lofty stronghold near the Taurus, and Nora, now called Neroassus, in which Eumenes held out against a siege for a long time. In my time it served as the treasury of Sisines, who made an attack upon the empire of the Cappadocians. To him belonged also Cadena, which had the royal palace and had the aspect of a city. Situated on the borders of Lycaonia is also a town called Garsauira. This too is said once to have been the metropolis of the country. In Morimene, at Venasa, is the sanctuary of the Venasian Zeus, which has a settlement of almost three thousand temple-servants and also a sacred territory that is very productive, affording the priest a yearly revenue of fifteen talents. He, too, is priest for life, as is the Priest at Comana, and is second in rank after him. ^12.2.10 The size of the country is as follows: In breadth, from Pontus to the Taurus, about one thousand eight hundred stadia, and in length, from Lycaonia and Phrygia to the Euphrates towards the east and Armenia, about three thousand. It is an excellent country, not only in respect to fruits, but particularly in respect to grain and all kinds of cattle. Although it lies farther south than Pontus, it is colder. Bagadania, though level and farthest south of all (for it lies at the foot of the Taurus), produces hardly any fruit-bearing trees, although it is grazed by wild asses, both it and the greater part of the rest of the country, and particularly that round Garsauira and Lycaonia and Morimene. In Cappadocia is produced also the ruddle called Sinopean, the best in the world, although the Iberian rivals it. It was named Sinopean because the merchants were wont to bring it down thence to Sinope before the traffic of the Ephesians had penetrated as far as the people of Cappadocia. It is said that also slabs of crystal and of onyx stone were found by the miners of Archelaus near the country of the Galatians. There was a certain place, also, which had white stone that was like ivory in color and yielded pieces of the size of small whetstones; and from these pieces they made handles for their small swords. And there was another place which yielded such large lumps of transparent stone that they were exported. The boundary of Pontus and Cappadocia is a mountain tract parallel to the Taurus, which has its beginning at the western extremities of Chammanene, where is situated Dasmenda, a stronghold with sheer ascent, and extends to the eastern extremities of Laviansene. Both Chammanene and Laviansene are prefectures in Cappadocia. ^12.3.37 The whole of the country around is held by Pythodoris, to whom belong, not only Phanaroea, but also Zelitis and Megalopolitis. Concerning Phanaroea I have already spoken. As for Zelitis, it has a city Zela, fortified on a mound of Semiramis, with the sanctuary of Anaitis, who is also revered by the Armenians. Now the sacred rites performed here are characterized by greater sanctity; and it is here that all the people of Pontus make their oaths concerning their matters of greatest importance. The large number of temple-servants and the honors of the priests were, in the time of the kings, of the same type as I have stated before, but at the present time everything is in the power of Pythodoris. Many persons had abused and reduced both the multitude of temple-servants and the rest of the resources of the sanctuary. The adjacent territory, also, was reduced, having been divided into several domains — I mean Zelitis, as it is called (which has the city Zela on a mound); for in, early times the kings governed Zela, not as a city, but as a sacred precinct of the Persian gods, and the priest was the master of the whole thing. It was inhabited by the multitude of temple-servants, and by the priest, who had an abundance of resources; and the sacred territory as well as that of the priest was subject to him and his numerous attendants. Pompey added many provinces to the boundaries of Zelitis, and named Zela, as he did Megalopolis, a city, and he united the latter and Culupene and Camisene into one state; the latter two border on both Lesser Armenia and Laviansene, and they contain rock-salt, and also an ancient fortress called Camisa, now in ruins. The later Roman prefects assigned a portion of these two governments to the priests of Comana, a portion to the priest of Zela, and a portion to Ateporix, a dynast of the family of tetrarchs of Galatia; but now that Ateporix has died, this portion, which is not large, is subject to the Romans, being called a province (and this little state is a political organization of itself, the people having incorporated Carana into it, from which fact its country is called Caranitis), whereas the rest is held by Pythodoris and Dyteutus. ^14.5.6 Then, after Corycus, one comes to Elaeussa, an island lying close to the mainland, which Archelaus settled, making it a royal residence, after he had received the whole of Cilicia Tracheia except Seleuceia — the same way in which it was obtained formerly by Amyntas and still earlier by Cleopatra; for since the region was naturally well adapted to the business of piracy both by land and by sea — by land, because of the height of the mountains and the large tribes that live beyond them, tribes which have plains and farm-lands that are large and easily overrun, and by sea, because of the good supply, not only of shipbuilding timber, but also of harbors and fortresses and secret recesses — with all this in view, I say, the Romans thought that it was better for the region to be ruled by kings than to be under the Roman prefects sent to administer justice, who were not likely always to be present or to have armed forces with them. Thus Archelaus received, in addition to Cappadocia, Cilicia Tracheia; and the boundary of the latter, the river Lamus and the village of the same name, lies between Soli and Elaeussa. ^16.2.3 This is the general description of Syria.In describing it in detail, we say that Commagene is rather a small district. It contains a strong city, Samosata, in which was the seat of the kings. At present it is a (Roman) province. A very fertile but small territory lies around it. Here is now the Zeugma, or bridge, of the Euphrates, and near it is situated Seleuceia, a fortress of Mesopotamia, assigned by Pompey to the Commageneans. Here Tigranes confined in prison for some time and put to death Selene, surnamed Cleopatra, after she was dispossessed of Syria.'' None

15. None, None, nan
Tagged with subjects: • Caesarea (Cappadocia) • Cappadocia

Found in books: Gray (2021), Gregory of Nyssa as Biographer: Weaving Lives for Virtuous Readers, 4; MacDougall (2022), Philosophy at the Festival: The Festal Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus and the Classical Tradition. 8, 9, 11; Tanaseanu-Döbler and von Alvensleben (2020), Athens II: Athens in Late Antiquity, 173, 178, 179, 214

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