| 1. Cicero, Letters To His Friends, 7.23, 7.23.1-7.23.2, 13.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
| 2. Varro, On Agriculture, 1.59.2 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
| 3. Varro, On The Latin Language, 5.158, 7.12 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 305; Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 224 |
| 4. Cicero, Cato, 3.25 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sejanus, c. sempronius gracchus Found in books: Clark (2007) 174 |
| 5. Cicero, De Lege Agraria, 2.10, 2.82-2.83 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 170, 224 |
6. Cicero, On Duties, 2.89, 3.32 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) •sempronius gracchus, c., killed pro salute patriae •sempronius gracchus, c., ripped from bosom of state Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 230; Walters (2020) 43| 2.89. Ex quo genere comparationis illud est Catonis senis: a quo cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondit: Bene pascere ; quid secundum: Satis bene pascere ; quid tertium: Male pascere ; quid quartum: Arare ; et cum ille, qui quaesierat, dixisset: Quid faenerari?, tum Cato: Quid hominem, inquit, occidere? Ex quo et multis aliis intellegi debet utilitatum comparationes fieri solere, recteque hoc adiunctum esse quartum exquirendorum officiorum genus. Reliqua deinceps persequemur. 3.32. Nam quod ad Phalarim attinet, perfacile iudicium est. Nulla est enim societas nobis cum tyrannis, et potius summa distractio est, neque est contra naturam spoliare eum, si possis, quem est honestum necare, atque hoc omne genus pestiferum atque impium ex hominum communitate extermidum est. Etenim, ut membra quaedam amputantur, si et ipsa sanguine et tamquam spiritu carere coeperunt et nocent reliquis partibus corporis, sic ista in figura hominis feritas et immanitas beluae a communi tamquam humanitatis corpore segreganda est. Huius generis quaestiones sunt omnes eae, in quibus ex tempore officium exquiritur. | 2.89. To this class of comparisons belongs that famous saying of old Cato's: when he was asked what was the most profitable feature of an estate, he replied: "Raising cattle successfully." What next to that? "Raising cattle with fair success." And next? "Raising cattle with but slight success." And fourth? "Raising crops." And when his questioner said, "How about money-lending?" Cato replied: "How about murder?" From this as well as from many other incidents we ought to realize that expediencies have often to be weighed against one another and that it is proper for us to add this fourth division in the discussion of moral duty. Let us now pass on to the remaining problem. 3.32. As for the case of Phalaris, a decision is quite simple: we have no ties of fellowship with a tyrant, but rather the bitterest feud; and it is not opposed to Nature to rob, if one can, a man whom it is morally right to kill; â nay, all that pestilent and abominable race should be exterminated from human society. And this may be done by proper measures; for, as certain members are amputated, if they show signs themselves of being bloodless and virtually lifeless and thus jeopardize the health of the other parts of the body, so those fierce and savage monsters in human form should be cut off from what may be called the common body of humanity. of this sort are all those problems in which we have to determine what moral duty is, as it varies with varying circumstances. |
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7. Cicero, De Oratore, 2.106, 3.214 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sempronius gracchus, c., killed pro salute patriae •c. sempronius gracchus Found in books: Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 246; Walters (2020) 40| 2.106. Saepe etiam res non sit necne, sed qualis sit quaeritur; ut cum L. Opimi causam defendebat apud populum, audiente me, C. Carbo consul, nihil de C. Gracchi nece negabat, sed id iure pro salute patriae factum esse dicebat; ut eidem Carboni tribuno plebis alia tum mente rem publicam capessenti P. Africanus de Ti. Graccho interroganti responderat iure caesum videri; iure autem omnia defenduntur, quae sunt eius generis, ut aut oportuerit aut licuerit aut necesse fuerit aut imprudentia aut casu facta esse videantur. 3.214. Quid fuit in Graccho, quem tu melius, Catule, meministi, quod me puero tanto opere ferretur? "Quo me miser conferam? Quo vertam? In Capitoliumne? At fratris sanguine madet. An domum? Matremne ut miseram lamentantem videam et abiectam?" Quae sic ab illo esse acta constabat oculis, voce, gestu, inimici ut lacrimas tenere non possent. Haec ideo dico pluribus, quod genus hoc totum oratores, qui sunt veritatis ipsius actores, reliquerunt; imitatores autem veritatis, histriones, occupaverunt. | |
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| 8. Cicero, Letters, 14.10 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •c. sempronius gracchus Found in books: Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 246 |
9. Polybius, Histories, 1.1.5 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 215| 1.1.5. τίς γὰρ οὕτως ὑπάρχει φαῦλος ἢ ῥᾴθυμος ἀνθρώπων ὃς οὐκ ἂν βούλοιτο γνῶναι πῶς καὶ τίνι γένει πολιτείας ἐπικρατηθέντα σχεδὸν ἅπαντα τὰ κατὰ τὴν οἰκουμένην οὐχ ὅλοις πεντήκοντα καὶ τρισὶν ἔτεσιν ὑπὸ μίαν ἀρχὴν ἔπεσε τὴν Ῥωμαίων, ὃ πρότερον οὐχ εὑρίσκεται γεγονός, | |
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| 10. Cicero, In Verrem, 2.2.84-2.2.85, 2.2.154, 2.4.3-2.4.7 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. •sempronius gracchus, c., killed pro salute patriae •sempronius gracchus, c., ripped from bosom of state Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58, 67; Walters (2020) 43 |
11. Cicero, Partitiones Oratoriae, 106 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sempronius gracchus, c., killed pro salute patriae •sempronius gracchus, c., ripped from bosom of state Found in books: Walters (2020) 40, 43| 106. in eis autem causis, ubi aliquid recte factum aut concedendum esse factum factum delet Schütz defenditur, cum est facti subiecta ratio, sicut.ab Opimio: Iure feci, salutis omnium et conservandae rei publicae causa, relatumque ab Decio est: Ne sceleratissimum quidem civem sine iudicio iure ullo necare potuisti, oritur illa disceptatio: Potueritne recte salutis rei publicae causa civem eversorem civitatis indemnatum necare ? Ita disceptationes eae, quae in his controversiis oriuntur, quae sunt certis personis ac temporibus notatae, fiunt rursus infinitae detractis personis et temporibus et rursum ad consultationum formam rationemque revocantur. | |
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| 12. Cicero, Philippicae, 2.15, 3.31, 9.14 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Clark (2007) 174; Rutledge (2012) 58 |
| 13. Cicero, Pro Fonteio, 40, 39 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 257, 274 |
14. Cicero, Pro Rabirio Perduellionis Reo, 14, 24 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 246| 24. adopted one of these three lines of conduct: he must either have been with Saturninus, or with the good men, or he must have been lying in bed—to lie hid was a state equal to the most infamous death; to be with Saturninus was the act of insanity and wickedness. Virtue, and honour, and shame, compelled him to range himself on the side of the consuls. Do you, therefore, accuse Caius Rabirius on this account, that he was with those men whom he would have been utterly mad to have opposed, utterly infamous if he had deserted them? But Caius Decianus, whom you often mention, was condemned, because, when he was accusing, with the earnest approval of all good men, a man notorious for every description of infamy, Publius Furius, he dared to complain in the assembly of the death of Saturninus. And Sextus Titius was condemned for having an image of Lucius Saturninus in his house. The Roman knights laid it down by that decision that that man was a worthless citizen, and one who ought not to be allowed to remain in the state, who either by keeping his image sought, to do credit to the death of a man who was seditious to such a degree as to become an enemy to the republic, or who sought by pity to excite the regrets of ignorant men, or who showed his own inclination to imitate such villainy. | |
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| 15. Cicero, Pro Sestio, 140 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sempronius gracchus, c., killed pro salute patriae •sejanus, c. sempronius gracchus Found in books: Clark (2007) 121; Walters (2020) 40 |
16. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations, 3.48 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 223| 3.48. 'at at ac R 1 laudat Epic. fr. 507 saepe virtutem'. et quidem C. Gracchus, sqq. grachus G 1 (gracchi 23) K cum largitiones maximas fecisset et effudisset effundisset X corr. K 1 V 1 aerarium, verbis tamen defendebat aerarium. quid verba audiam, cum facta videam? L. L. add. V c om. X ( ut p. 223, 13 M. ante Crassum) cf. Verr. 4, 195 Piso ille Frugi semper contra legem frumentariam dixerat. is lege lata consularis ad frumentum accipiundum accipiendum G 1 K venerat. animum animam X corr. R 1? K 2 advertit Gracchus in contione Pisonem stantem; quaerit audiente p. R., qui sibi constet, cum ea lege frumentum petat, quam dissuaserit. dissuas serat G 1 nolim inquit mea bona, Gracche, tibi viritim dividere libeat, sed, si facias, facies K partem petam. parumne parumne satis ss. V 2 declaravit vir gravis et sapiens lege Sempronia patrimonium publicum dissupari? lege orationes Gracchi, patronum aerarii esse dices. | |
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| 17. Cicero, In Catilinam, 3.25 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sejanus, c. sempronius gracchus Found in books: Clark (2007) 174 |
| 18. Augustus, Res Gestae Divi Augusti, 20 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sempronius gracchus, c., tribune Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 94 |
| 19. Horace, Sermones, 2.3.16 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
| 20. Propertius, Elegies, 2.31.8 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 67 |
| 21. Livy, History, 1.43.7, 3.31.1, 5.30.8-5.30.9, 9.46.6, 10.23.13, 10.47.4, 29.14.5-29.14.14, 33.42.10-33.42.11, 35.10.11-35.10.12, 42.1.6, 42.9.7, 42.19.1-42.19.2 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 176, 269; Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 224, 231 |
22. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 4.40.5, 10.31-10.32 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •c. sempronius gracchus •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 246; Rutledge (2012) 269 | 4.40.5. The death of Tullius having occasioned a great tumult and lamentation throughout the whole city, Tarquinius was afraid lest, if the body should be carried through the Forum, according to the custom of the Romans, adorned with the royal robes and the other marks of honour usual in royal funerals, some attack might be made against him by the populace before he had firmly established his authority; and accordingly he would not permit any of the usual ceremonies to be performed in his honour. But the wife of Tullius, who was daughter to Tarquinius, the former king, with a few of her friends carried the body out of the city at night as if it had been that of some ordinary person; and after uttering many lamentations over the fate both of herself and of her husband and heaping countless imprecations upon her son-inâlaw and her daughter, she buried the body in the ground. 10.31. 1. The following year, when Marcus Valerius and Spurius Verginius were consuls, no army of the Romans went out of their borders, but there were fresh outbreaks of civil strife between the tribunes and the consuls, as a result of which the former wrested away some part of the consular power. Before this time the power of the tribunes was limited to the popular assembly and they had no authority either to convene the senate or to express an opinion there, that being a prerogative of the consuls.,2. The tribunes of the year in question were the first who undertook to convene the senate, the experiment being made by Icilius, the head of their college, a man of action and, for a Roman, not lacking in eloquence. For he too was at that time proposing a new measure, asking that the region called the Aventine be divided among the plebeians for the building of houses. This is a hill of moderate height, not less than twelve stades in circuit, and is included within the city; not all of it was then inhabited, but it was public land and thickly wooded.,3. In order to get this measure introduced, the tribune went to the consuls of the year and to the senate, asking them to pass the preliminary vote for the law embodying the measure and to submit it to the populace. But when the consuls kept putting it off and protracting the time, he sent his attendant to them with orders that they should follow him to the office of the tribunes and call together the senate. And when one of the lictors at the orders of the consuls drove away the attendant, Icilius and his colleagues in their resentment seized the lictor and led him away with the intention of hurling him down from the rock.,4. The consuls, though they looked upon this as a great insult, were unable to use force or to rescue the man who was being led away, but invoked the assistance of the other tribunes; for no one but another tribune has a right to stop or hinder any of the actions of those magistrates.,5. Now the tribunes had all come to this decision at the outset, that no one of their number should either introduce any new measure on his own initiative, unless they all concurred in it, or oppose any proceedings which met with the approval of the majority; and just as soon as they had assumed their magistracy they had confirmed this agreement by sacrifices and mutual oaths, believing that the power of the tribuneship would be most effectively rendered impregnable if dissension were banished from it.,6. It was in pursuance, then, of this sworn compact that they ordered the consuls' guardian to be led away, declaring this to be the uimous decision of their body. Nevertheless, they did not persist in their resentment, but released the man at the intercession of the oldest senators; for they were not only concerned about the odium that would attend such a procedure, if they should be the first to punish a man by death for obeying an order of the magistrates, but also feared that with this provocation the patricians might be driven to take desperate measures. 10.32. 1. After this action the senate was assembled and the consuls indulged in many accusations against the tribunes. Then Icilius took the floor and attempted to justify the tribunes' resentment against the lictor, citing the sacred laws which did not permit either a magistrate or a private citizen to offer any opposition to a tribune; and as for his attempt to convene the senate, he showed them that he had done nothing out of the way, using for this purpose many arguments of every sort, which he had prepared beforehand.,2. After answering these accusations, he proceeded to introduce his law concerning the hill. It was to this effect: All the parcels of land held by private citizens, if justly acquired, should remain in the possession of the owners, but such parcels as had been taken by force or fraud by any persons and built upon should be turned over to the populace and the present occupants reimbursed for their expenditures according to the appraisal of the arbitrators; all the remainder, belonging to the public, the populace should receive free of cost and divide up among themselves.,3. He also pointed out that this measure would be advantageous to the commonwealth, not only in many other ways, but particularly in this, that it would put an end to the disturbances raised by the poor concerning the public land that was held by the patricians. For he said they would be contented with receiving a portion of the city, inasmuch as they could have no part of the land lying in the country because of the number and power of those who had appropriated it.,4. After he had spoken thus, Gaius Claudius was the only person who opposed the law, while many gave their assent; and it was voted to give this district to the populace. Later, at a centuriate assembly called by the consuls, the pontiffs being present together with the augurs and two sacrificers and offering the customary vows and imprecations, the law was ratified. It is inscribed on a column of bronze, which they set up on the Aventine after taking it into the sanctuary of Diana.,5. When the law had been ratified, the plebeians assembled, and after drawing lots for the plots of ground, began to build, each man taking as large an area as he could; and sometimes two, three, or even more joined together to build one house, and drawing lots, some had the lower and others the upper stories. That year, then, was employed in building houses. |
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| 23. Vitruvius Pollio, On Architecture, 6.5.2 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
24. Anon., Rhetorica Ad Herennium, 4.31 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sempronius gracchus, c., killed pro salute patriae •sempronius gracchus, c., ripped from bosom of state Found in books: Walters (2020) 43 | 4.31. In one noun, as follows: "Alexander of Macedon with consummate toil from boyhood trained his mind to virtue. Alexander's virtues have been broadcast with fame and glory throughout world. All men greatly feared Alexander, yet deeply loved him. Had longer life been granted Alexander, the Macedonian lances would have flown across the ocean." Here a single noun has been inflected, undergoing changes of case. Several different nouns, with change of case, will produce a paronomasia, as follows: "An undeserved death by violence prevented Tiberius Gracchus, while guiding the republic, from abiding longer therein. There befell Gaius Gracchus a like fate, which of a sudden tore from the bosom of the state a hero and staunch patriot. Saturninus, victim of his faith in wicked men, a treacherous crime deprived of life. O Drusus, your blood bespattered the walls of your home, and your mother's face. They were only now granting to Sulpicius every concession, yet soon they suffered him not to live, nor even to be buried." |
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25. Ovid, Fasti, 1.261-1.262, 1.641-1.644, 4.225-4.344, 5.279-5.294 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 67, 176, 269; Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 224| 1.261. utque levis custos armillis capta Sabinos 1.262. ad summae tacitos duxerit arcis iter. 1.641. Furius antiquam populi superator Etrusci 1.642. voverat et voti solverat ille fidem, 1.643. causa, quod a patribus sumptis secesserat armis 1.644. volgus, et ipsa suas Roma timebat opes. 4.225. hunc sibi servari voluit, sua templa tueri, 4.226. et dixit semper fac puer esse velis. 4.227. ille fidem iussis dedit et si mentiar, inquit 4.228. ultima, qua fallam, sit Venus illa mihi. 4.229. fallit et in nympha Sagaritide desinit esse 4.230. quod fuit: hinc poenas exigit ira deae. 4.231. Naida volneribus succidit in arbore factis, 4.232. illa perit: fatum Naidos arbor erat. 4.233. hic furit et credens thalami procumbere tectum 4.234. effugit et cursu Dindyma summa petit 4.235. et modo tolle faces! remove modo verbera! clamat; 4.236. saepe Palaestinas iurat adesse deas. 4.237. ille etiam saxo corpus laniavit acuto, 4.238. longaque in immundo pulvere tracta coma est, 4.239. voxque fuit ‘merui! meritas do sanguine poenas. 4.240. a! pereant partes, quae nocuere mihi! 4.241. a! pereant’ dicebat adhuc, onus inguinis aufert, 4.242. nullaque sunt subito signa relicta viri. 4.243. venit in exemplum furor hic, mollesque ministri 4.244. caedunt iactatis vilia membra comis.’ 4.245. talibus Aoniae facunda voce Camenae 4.246. reddita quaesiti causa furoris erat. 4.247. ‘hoc quoque, dux operis, moneas, precor, unde petita 4.248. venerit, an nostra semper in urbe fuit?’ 4.249. ‘Dindymon et Cybelen et amoenam fontibus Iden 4.250. semper et Iliacas Mater amavit opes: 4.251. cum Troiam Aeneas Italos portaret in agros, 4.252. est dea sacriferas paene secuta rates, 4.253. sed nondum fatis Latio sua numina posci 4.254. senserat, adsuetis substiteratque locis. 4.255. post, ut Roma potens opibus iam saecula quinque 4.256. vidit et edomito sustulit orbe caput, 4.257. carminis Euboici fatalia verba sacerdos 4.258. inspicit; inspectum tale fuisse ferunt: 4.259. ‘mater abest: matrem iubeo, Romane, requiras. 4.260. cum veniet, casta est accipienda manu. 4.261. ‘obscurae sortis patres ambagibus errant, 4.262. quaeve parens absit, quove petenda loco. 4.263. consulitur Paean,’ divum que arcessite Matrem, 4.264. inquit in Idaeo est invenienda iugo. 4.265. mittuntur proceres. Phrygiae tunc sceptra tenebat 4.266. Attalus: Ausoniis rem negat ille viris, 4.267. mira canam, longo tremuit cum murmure tellus, 4.268. et sic est adytis diva locuta suis: 4.269. ipsa peti volui, nec sit mora, mitte volentem. 4.270. dignus Roma locus, quo deus omnis eat.’ 4.271. ille soni terrore pavens proficiscere, dixit 4.272. nostra eris: in Phrygios Roma refertur avos. 4.273. protinus innumerae caedunt pineta secures 4.274. illa, quibus fugiens Phryx pius usus erat: 4.275. mille manus coeunt, et picta coloribus ustis 4.276. caelestum Matrem concava puppis habet, 4.277. illa sui per aquas fertur tutissima nati 4.278. longaque Phrixeae stagna sororis adit 4.279. Rhoeteumque rapax Sigeaque litora transit 4.280. et Tenedum et veteres Eetionis opes. 4.281. Cyclades excipiunt, Lesbo post terga relicta, 4.282. quaeque Carysteis frangitur unda vadis. 4.283. transit et Icarium, lapsas ubi perdidit alas 4.284. Icarus et vastae nomina fecit aquae. 4.285. tum laeva Creten, dextra Pelopeidas undas 4.286. deserit et Veneris sacra Cythera petit, 4.287. hinc mare Trinacrium, candens ubi tinguere ferrum 4.288. Brontes et Steropes Acmonidesque solent, 4.289. aequoraque Afra legit Sardoaque regna sinistris 4.290. respicit a remis Ausoniamque tenet. 4.291. Ostia contigerat, qua se Tiberinus in altum 4.292. dividit et campo liberiore natat: 4.293. omnis eques mixtaque gravis cum plebe senatus 4.294. obvius ad Tusci fluminis ora venit. 4.295. procedunt pariter matres nataeque nurusque 4.296. quaeque colunt sanctos virginitate focos, 4.297. sedula fune viri contento brachia lassant: 4.298. vix subit adversas hospita navis aquas, 4.299. sicca diu fuerat tellus, sitis usserat herbas: 4.300. sedit limoso pressa carina vado. 4.301. quisquis adest operi, plus quam pro parte laborat, 4.302. adiuvat et fortis voce sote manus, 4.303. illa velut medio stabilis sedet insula ponto: 4.304. attoniti monstro stantque paventque viri. 4.305. Claudia Quinta genus Clauso referebat ab alto, 4.306. nec facies impar nobilitate fuit: 4.307. casta quidem, sed non et credita: rumor iniquus 4.308. laeserat, et falsi criminis acta rea est; 4.309. cultus et ornatis varie prodisse capillis 4.310. obfuit, ad rigidos promptaque lingua senes, 4.311. conscia mens recti famae mendacia risit, 4.312. sed nos in vitium credula turba sumus, 4.313. haec ubi castarum processit ab agmine matrum 4.314. et manibus puram fluminis hausit aquam, 4.315. ter caput inrorat, ter tollit in aethera palmas ( 4.316. quicumque aspiciunt, mente carere putant) 4.317. summissoque genu voltus in imagine divae 4.318. figit et hos edit crine iacente sonos: 4.319. ‘supplicis, alma, tuae, genetrix fecunda deorum, 4.320. accipe sub certa condicione preces. 4.321. casta negor. si tu damnas, meruisse fatebor; 4.322. morte luam poenas iudice victa dea. 4.323. sed si crimen abest, tu nostrae pignora vitae 4.324. re dabis et castas casta sequere manus.’ 4.325. dixit et exiguo funem conamine traxit ( 4.326. mira, sed et scaena testificata loquar): 4.327. mota dea est sequiturque ducem laudatque sequendo: 4.328. index laetitiae fertur ad astra sonus, 4.329. fluminis ad flexum veniunt (Tiberina priores 4.330. atria dixerunt), unde sinister abit. 4.331. nox aderat: querno religant in stipite funem 4.332. dantque levi somno corpora functa cibo. 4.333. lux aderat: querno solvunt a stipite funem; 4.334. ante tamen posito tura dedere foco, 4.335. ante coronarunt puppem et sine labe iuvencam 4.336. mactarunt operum coniugiique rudem, 4.337. est locus, in Tiberim qua lubricus influit Almo 4.338. et nomen magno perdit in amne minor: 4.339. illic purpurea canus cum veste sacerdos 4.340. Almonis dominam sacraque lavit aquis, 4.341. exululant comites, furiosaque tibia flatur, 4.342. et feriunt molles taurea terga manus. 4.343. Claudia praecedit laeto celeberrima voltu, 4.344. credita vix tandem teste pudica dea; 5.279. ‘cetera luxuriae nondum instrumenta vigebant, 5.280. aut pecus aut latam dives habebat humum; 5.281. hinc etiam locuples, hinc ipsa pecunia dicta est. 5.282. sed iam de vetito quisque parabat opes: 5.283. venerat in morem populi depascere saltus, 5.284. idque diu licuit, poenaque nulla fuit. 5.285. vindice servabat nullo sua publica volgus; 5.286. iamque in privato pascere inertis erat. 5.287. plebis ad aediles perducta licentia talis 5.288. Publicios: animus defuit ante viris. 5.289. rem populus recipit, multam subiere nocentes: 5.290. vindicibus laudi publica cura fuit. 5.291. multa data est ex parte mihi, magnoque favore 5.292. victores ludos instituere novos. 5.293. parte locant clivum, qui tunc erat ardua rupes: 5.294. utile nunc iter est, Publiciumque vocant.’ | 1.261. And how the treacherous keeper, Tarpeia, bribed with bracelets, 1.262. Led the silent Sabines to the heights of the citadel. 1.641. Vowed your ancient temple and kept his vow. 1.642. His reason was that the commoners had armed themselves, 1.643. Seceding from the nobles, and Rome feared their power. 1.644. This latest reason was a better one: revered Leader, Germany 4.225. She desired him to serve her, and protect her temple, 4.226. And said: “Wish, you might be a boy for ever.” 4.227. He promised to be true, and said: “If I’m lying 4.228. May the love I fail in be my last love.” 4.229. He did fail, and in meeting the nymph Sagaritis, 4.230. Abandoned what he was: the goddess, angered, avenged it. 4.231. She destroyed the Naiad, by wounding a tree, 4.232. Since the tree contained the Naiad’s fate. 4.233. Attis was maddened, and thinking his chamber’s roof 4.234. Was falling, fled for the summit of Mount Dindymus. 4.235. Now he cried: “Remove the torches”, now he cried: 4.236. “Take the whips away”: often swearing he saw the Furies. 4.237. He tore at his body too with a sharp stone, 4.238. And dragged his long hair in the filthy dust, 4.239. Shouting: “I deserved this! I pay the due penalty 4.240. In blood! Ah! Let the parts that harmed me, perish! 4.241. Let them perish!” cutting away the burden of his groin, 4.242. And suddenly bereft of every mark of manhood. 4.243. His madness set a precedent, and his unmanly servant 4.244. Toss their hair, and cut off their members as if worthless.’ 4.245. So the Aonian Muse, eloquently answering the question 4.246. I’d asked her, regarding the causes of their madness. 4.247. ‘Guide of my work, I beg you, teach me also, where She 4.248. Was brought from. Was she always resident in our City? 4.249. ‘The Mother Goddess always loved Dindymus, Cybele, 4.250. And Ida, with its pleasant streams, and the Trojan realm: 4.251. And when Aeneas brought Troy to Italian fields, the godde 4.252. Almost followed those ships that carried the sacred relics. 4.253. But she felt that fate didn’t require her powers in Latium, 4.254. So she stayed behind in her long-accustomed place. 4.255. Later, when Rome was more than five centuries old, 4.256. And had lifted its head above the conquered world, 4.257. The priest consulted the fateful words of Euboean prophecy: 4.258. They say that what he found there was as follows: 4.259. ‘The Mother’s absent: Roman, I command you: seek the Mother. 4.260. When she arrives, she must be received in chaste hands.’ 4.261. The dark oracle’s ambiguity set the senators puzzling 4.262. As to who that parent might be, and where to seek her. 4.263. Apollo was consulted, and replied: ‘Fetch the Mother 4.264. of all the Gods, who you’ll find there on Mount Ida.’ 4.265. Noblemen were sent. Attalus at that time held 4.266. The Phrygian sceptre: he refused the Italian lords. 4.267. Marvellous to tell, the earth shook with long murmurs, 4.268. And the goddess, from her shrine, spoke as follows: 4.269. ‘I myself wished them to seek me: don’t delay: send me, 4.270. Willingly. Rome is a worthy place for all divinities.’ 4.271. Quaking with fear at her words, Attalus, said: ‘Go, 4.272. You’ll still be ours: Rome claims Phrygian ancestry.’ 4.273. Immediately countless axes felled the pine-tree 4.274. Those trees pious Aeneas employed for his flight: 4.275. A thousand hands work, and the heavenly Mother 4.276. Soon has a hollow ship, painted in fiery colours. 4.277. She’s carried in perfect safety over her son’s waves, 4.278. And reaches the long strait named for Phrixus’ sister, 4.279. Passes fierce Rhoetum and the Sigean shore, 4.280. And Tenedos and Eetion’s ancient kingdom. 4.281. Leaving Lesbos behind she then steered for the Cyclades, 4.282. And the waves that break on Euboea’s Carystian shoals. 4.283. She passed the Icarian Sea, as well, where Icarus shed 4.284. His melting wings, giving his name to a vast tract of water. 4.285. Then leaving Crete to larboard, and the Pelopian wave 4.286. To starboard, she headed for Cythera, sacred to Venus. 4.287. From there to the Sicilian Sea, where Brontes, Sterope 4.288. And Aemonides forge their red-hot iron, 4.289. Then, skirting African waters, she saw the Sardinian 4.290. Realm behind to larboard, and reached our Italy. 4.291. She’d arrived at the mouth (ostia) where the Tiber divide 4.292. To meet the deep, and flows with a wider sweep: 4.293. All the Knights, grave Senators, and commoners, 4.294. Came to meet her at the mouth of the Tuscan river. 4.295. With them walked mothers, daughters, and brides, 4.296. And all those virgins who tend the sacred fires. 4.297. The men wearied their arms hauling hard on the ropes: 4.298. The foreign vessel barely made way against the stream. 4.299. For a long time there’d been a drought: the grass was dry 4.300. And scorched: the boat stuck fast in the muddy shallows. 4.301. Every man, hauling, laboured beyond his strength, 4.302. And encouraged their toiling hands with his cries. 4.303. Yet the ship lodged there, like an island fixed in mid-ocean: 4.304. And astonished at the portent, men stood and quaked. 4.305. Claudia Quinta traced her descent from noble Clausus, 4.306. And her beauty was in no way unequal to her nobility: 4.307. She was chaste, but not believed so: hostile rumour 4.308. Had wounded her, false charges were levelled at her: 4.309. Her elegance, promenading around in various hairstyles, 4.310. And her ready tongue, with stiff old men, counted against her. 4.311. Conscious of virtue, she laughed at the rumoured lies, 4.312. But we’re always ready to credit others with faults. 4.313. Now, when she’d stepped from the line of chaste women, 4.314. Taking pure river water in her hands, she wetted her head 4.315. Three times, three times lifted her palms to the sky, 4.316. (Everyone watching her thought she’d lost her mind) 4.317. Then, kneeling, fixed her eyes on the goddess’s statue, 4.318. And, with loosened hair, uttered these words: 4.319. “ Kind and fruitful Mother of the Gods, accept 4.320. A suppliant’s prayers, on this one condition: 4.321. They deny I’m chaste: let me be guilty if you condemn me: 4.322. Convicted by a goddess I’ll pay for it with my life. 4.323. But if I’m free of guilt, grant a pledge of my innocence 4.324. By your action: and, chaste, give way to my chaste hands.” 4.325. She spoke: then gave a slight pull at the rope, 4.326. (A wonder, but the sacred drama attests what I say): 4.327. The goddess stirred, followed, and, following, approved her: 4.328. Witness the sound of jubilation carried to the stars. 4.329. They came to a bend in the river (called of old 4.330. The Halls of Tiber): there the stream turns left, ascending. 4.331. Night fell: they tied the rope to an oak stump, 4.332. And, having eaten, settled to a tranquil sleep. 4.333. Dawn rose: they loosed the rope from the oak stump, 4.334. After first laying a fire and offering incense, 4.335. And crowned the stern, and sacrificed a heifer 4.336. Free of blemish, that had never known yoke or bull. 4.337. There’s a place where smooth-flowing Almo joins the Tiber, 4.338. And the lesser flow loses its name in the greater: 4.339. There, a white-headed priest in purple robe 4.340. Washed the Lady, and sacred relics, in Almo’s water. 4.341. The attendants howled, and the mad flutes blew, 4.342. And soft hands beat at the bull’s-hide drums. 4.343. Claudia walked in front with a joyful face, 4.344. Her chastity proven by the goddess’s testimony: 5.279. ‘Goddess’, I replied: ‘What’s the origin of the games?’ 5.280. I’d barely ended when she answered me: 5.281. ‘Rich men owned cattle or tracts of land, 5.282. Other means of wealth were then unknown, 5.283. So the words ‘rich’ (locuples) from ‘landed’ (locus plenus), 5.284. And ‘money’ (pecunia) from ‘a flock’ (pecus), but already 5.285. Some had unlawful wealth: by custom, for ages, 5.286. Public lands were grazed, without penalty. 5.287. Folk had no one to defend the common rights: 5.288. Till at last it was foolish to use private grazing. 5.289. This licence was pointed out to the Publicii, 5.290. The plebeian aediles: earlier, men lacked confidence. 5.291. The case was tried before the people: the guilty fined: 5.292. And the champions praised for their public spirit. 5.293. A large part of the fine fell to me: and the victor 5.294. Instituted new games to loud applause. Part was allocated |
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| 26. Ovid, Tristia, 3.1.31-3.1.34 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
| 27. Livy, Per., 58, 61 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Walters (2020) 40 |
| 28. Plutarch, Tiberius And Gaius Gracchus, 4.2-4.4, 13.2, 17.6, 18.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58, 176, 269, 305; Walters (2020) 40 |
29. Plutarch, Sulla, 26.1-26.2, 34.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. •sempronius gracchus, c., killed pro salute patriae •sempronius gracchus, c., ripped from bosom of state Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 67; Walters (2020) 43| 26.1. ἀναχθεὶς δὲ πάσαις ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐξ Ἐφέσου τριταῖος ἐν Πειραιεῖ καθωρμίσθη καὶ μυηθεὶς ἐξεῖλεν ἑαυτῷ τὴν Ἀπελλικῶνος τοῦ Τηΐου βιβλιοθήκην, ἐν ᾗ τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν Ἀριστοτέλους καὶ Θεοφράστου βιβλίων ἦν, οὔπω τότε σαφῶς γνωριζόμενα τοῖς πολλοῖς, λέγεται δὲ κομισθείσης αὐτῆς εἰς Ῥώμην Τυραννίωνα τὸν γραμματικὸν ἐνσκευάσασθαι τὰ πολλά, καὶ παρʼ αὐτοῦ τὸν Ῥόδιον Ἀνδρόνικον εὐπορήσαντα τῶν ἀντιγράφων εἰς μέσον θεῖναι καὶ ἀναγράψαι τοὺς νῦν φερομένους πίνακας. 26.2. οἱ δὲ πρεσβύτεροι Περιπατητικοὶ φαίνονται μὲν καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς γενόμενοι χαρίεντες καὶ φιλολόγοι, τῶν δὲ Ἀριστοτέλους καὶ Θεοφράστου γραμμάτων οὔτε πολλοῖς οὔτε ἀκριβῶς ἐντετυχηκότες διὰ τὸ τὸν Νηλέως τοῦ Σκηψίου κλῆρον, ᾧ τὰ βιβλία κατέλιπε Θεόφραστος, εἰς ἀφιλοτίμους καὶ ἰδιώτας ἀνθρώπους περιγενέσθαι. 34.2. ἤδη δὲ συνῃρημένων ἁπάντων, ἀπολογισμὸν ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ τῶν πράξεων ποιούμενος οὐκ ἐλάσσονι σπουδῇ τὰς εὐτυχίας ἢ τὰς ἀνδραγαθίας κατηριθμεῖτο, καὶ πέρας ἐκέλευσεν ἑαυτὸν ἐπὶ τούτοις Εὐτυχῆ προσαγορεύεσθαι· τοῦτο γὰρ ὁ Φῆλιξ μάλιστα βούλεται δηλοῦν αὐτὸς δὲ τοῖς Ἕλλησι γράφων καί χρηματίζων ἑαυτὸν Ἐπαφρόδιτον ἀνηγόρευε, καί παρʼ ἡμῖν ἐν τοῖς τροπαίοις οὕτως ἀναγέγραπται Λεύκιος Κορνήλιος Σύλλας Ἐπαφρόδιτος . | 26.1. 26.2. 34.2. |
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30. Plutarch, Lucullus, 42.1-42.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 67| 42.1. σπουδῆς δʼ ἄξια καὶ λόγου τὰ περὶ τὴν τῶν βιβλίων κατασκευήν, καὶ γὰρ πολλὰ καὶ γεγραμμένα καλῶς συνῆγεν, ἥ τε χρῆσις ἦν φιλοτιμοτέρα τῆς κτήσεως, ἀνειμένων πᾶσι τῶν βιβλιοθηκῶν, καὶ τῶν περὶ αὐτὰς περιπάτων καὶ σχολαστηρίων ἀκωλύτως ὑποδεχομένων τοὺς Ἕλληνας ὥσπερ εἰς Μουσῶν τι καταγώγιον ἐκεῖσε φοιτῶντας καὶ συνδιημερεύοντας ἀλλήλοις, ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων χρειῶν ἀσμένως ἀποτρέχοντας. 42.2. πολλάκις δὲ καὶ συνεσχόλαζεν αὐτὸς ἐμβάλλων εἰς τοὺς περιπάτους τοῖς φιλολόγοις καὶ τοῖς πολιτικοῖς συνέπραττεν ὅτου δέοιντο· καὶ ὅλως ἑστία καὶ πρυτανεῖον Ἑλληνικὸν ὁ οἶκος ἦν αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἀφικνουμένοις εἰς Ῥώμην. φιλοσοφίαν δὲ πᾶσαν μὲν ἠσπάζετο καὶ πρὸς πᾶσαν εὐμενὴς ἦν καὶ οἰκεῖος, ἴδιον δὲ τῆς Ἀκαδημείας ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἔρωτα καὶ ζῆλον ἔσχεν, οὐ τῆς νέας λεγομένης, 42.3. καίπερ ἀνθούσης τότε τοῖς Καρνεάδου λόγοις διὰ Φίλωνος, ἀλλὰ τῆς παλαιᾶς, πιθανὸν ἄνδρα καὶ δεινὸν εἰπεῖν τότε προστάτην ἐχούσης τὸν Ἀσκαλωνίτην Ἀντίοχον, ὃν πάσῃ σπουδῇ ποιησάμενος φίλον ὁ Λούκουλλος καὶ συμβιωτὴν ἀντέταττε τοῖς Φίλωνος ἀκροαταῖς, ὧν καὶ Κικέρων ἦν. 42.4. καὶ σύγγραμμά γε πάγκαλον ἐποίησεν εἰς τὴν αἵρεσιν, ἐν ᾧ τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς καταλήψεως λόγον Λουκούλλῳ περιτέθεικεν, αὑτῷ δὲ τὸν ἐναντίον. Λούκουλλος δʼ ἀναγέγραπται τὸ βιβλίον. ἦσαν δʼ, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, φίλοι σφόδρα καὶ κοινωνοὶ τῆς ἐν πολιτείᾳ προαιρέσεως· οὐδὲ γὰρ αὖ πάμπαν ἀπηλλάχει τῆς πολιτείας ἑαυτὸν ὁ Λούκουλλος, | 42.1. 42.2. 42.3. 42.4. |
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31. Plutarch, Cato The Elder, 16.5 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sempronius gracchus, c., killed pro salute patriae •sempronius gracchus, c., ripped from bosom of state Found in books: Walters (2020) 43| 16.5. τοὐναντίον δʼ ὁ Κάτων οὐδεμίαν ἐνδιδοὺς ἐπιείκειαν, ἀλλʼ ἄντικρυς ἀπειλῶν τε τοῖς πονηροῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ βήματος καὶ κεκραγὼς μεγάλου καθαρμοῦ χρῄζειν τὴν πόλιν, ἠξίου τοὺς πολλοὺς, εἰ σωφρονοῦσι, μὴ τὸν ἥδιστον, ἀλλὰ τὸν σφοδρότατον αἱρεῖσθαι τῶν ἰατρῶν τοῦτον δὲ αὐτὸν εἶναι καὶ τῶν πατρικίων ἕνα Φλάκκον Οὐαλλέριον· μετʼ ἐκείνου γὰρ οἴεσθαι μόνου τὴν τρυφὴν καὶ τὴν μαλακίαν ὥσπερ ὕδραν τέμνων καὶ ἀποκαίων προὔργου τι ποιήσειν, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων ὁρᾶν ἕκαστον ἄρξαι κακῶς βιαζόμενον, ὅτι τοὺς καλῶς ἄρξοντας δέδοικεν. | 16.5. |
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32. Plutarch, Camillus, 42.4, 43.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 269| 42.4. ταῦτα δʼ ὡς τῇ βουλῇ δοκοῦντα τοῦ δικτάτορος ἀνειπόντος ἐν τῷ δήμῳ, παραχρῆμα μὲν, οἷον εἰκὸς, ἡδόμενοι τῇ βουλῇ διηλλάττοντο καὶ τὸν Κάμιλλον οἴκαδε κρότῳ καὶ βοῇ προέπεμπον. τῇ δʼ ὑστεραίᾳ συνελθόντες ἐψηφίσαντο τῆς μὲν Ὁμονοίας ἱερόν, ὥσπερ εὔξατο Κάμιλλος, εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν καὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν ἄποπτον ἐπὶ τοῖς γεγενημένοις ἱδρύσασθαι, | 42.4. When the dictator announced this to, the people as the will and pleasure of the Senate, at once, as was to be expected, they were delighted to be reconciled with the Senate, and escorted Camillus to his home with loud applause. On the following day they held an assembly and voted to build a temple of Concord, as Camillus had vowed, and to have it face the forum and place of assembly, to commemorate what had now happened. |
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| 33. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 29.3.2 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
34. Plutarch, Brutus, 9.6-9.7 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 305| 9.6. τῷ μὲν γὰρ ἀνδριάντι τοῦ προπάτορος Βρούτου τοῦ καταλύσαντος τὴν τῶν βασιλέων ἀρχήν ἐπέγραφον εἴθε νῦν ἦς, Βροῦτε· καὶ ὢφελε ζῆν Βροῦτος. 9.7. τὸ δʼαὐτοῦ Βρούτου βῆμα στρατηγοῦντος εὑρίσκετο μεθʼ ἡμέραν ἀνάπλεων γραμμάτων τοιούτων Βροῦτε, καθεύδεις; καὶ οὐκ εἶ Βροῦτος ἀληθῶς. | 9.6. 9.7. |
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| 35. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 7.75, 7.120, 13.83, 13.92, 18.286, 33.15, 33.19, 33.147, 34.11-34.12, 34.31, 34.59, 34.73, 34.77, 34.79-34.80, 34.89-34.90, 34.92, 35.4-35.5, 35.26, 35.66, 35.108, 35.131, 35.144, 36.13, 36.41, 37.4, 37.8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58, 67, 176, 268, 269; Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 224 |
| 36. Philippus Thessalonicensis, Epigrams, 8.15 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sempronius gracchus, c., killed pro salute patriae •sempronius gracchus, c., ripped from bosom of state Found in books: Walters (2020) 43 |
| 37. Martial, Epigrams, 9.59 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
| 38. Frontinus, De Aquis Vrbis Romae, 129 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sempronius gracchus, c., tribune Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 279 |
| 39. Martial, Epigrams, 9.59 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
| 40. Plutarch, Julius Caesar, 61.8 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 305 |
| 41. Plutarch, Aemilius Paulus, 38 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 220 |
| 42. Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory, 11.3.8 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •c. sempronius gracchus Found in books: Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 246 |
| 43. Suetonius, Iulius, 79.1, 80.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 305 |
| 44. Dio Chrysostom, Orations, 31 (1st cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
| 45. Arrian, Epicteti Dissertationes, 2.24.7 (1st cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
| 46. Appian, Civil Wars, 1.7.29, 1.9.35-1.9.38, 1.11.44-1.11.45, 1.19.78-1.19.82, 1.26, 2.108 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 217 |
| 47. Tacitus, Dialogus De Oratoribus, 28.5-28.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58, 176 |
48. Tacitus, Annals, 1.33, 2.37, 2.49, 2.69-3.19, 2.72, 2.82, 2.83, 3.1, 3.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 224| 2.49. Isdem temporibus deum aedis vetustate aut igni abolitas coeptasque ab Augusto dedicavit, Libero Liberaeque et Cereri iuxta circum maximum, quam A. Postumius dictator voverat, eodemque in loco aedem Florae ab Lucio et Marco Publiciis aedilibus constitutam, et Iano templum, quod apud forum holitorium C. Duilius struxerat, qui primus rem Romanam prospere mari gessit triumphumque navalem de Poenis meruit. Spei aedes a Germanico sacratur: hanc A. Atilius voverat eodem bello. | 2.49. Nearly at the same time, he consecrated the temples, ruined by age or fire, the restoration of which had been undertaken by Augustus. They included a temple to Liber, Libera, and Ceres, close to the Circus Maximus, and vowed by Aulus Postumius, the dictator; another, on the same site, to Flora, founded by Lucius and Marcus Publicius in their aedileship, and a shrine of Janus, built in the Herb Market by Gaius Duilius, who first carried the Roman cause to success on sea and earned a naval triumph over the Carthaginians. The temple of Hope, vowed by Aulus Atilius in the same war, was dedicated by Germanicus. |
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| 49. Statius, Siluae, 4.6 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 |
| 50. Suetonius, Caligula, 6, 5 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 227 |
| 51. Suetonius, Claudius, 1.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 269 |
| 52. Suetonius, Nero, 45 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 305 |
53. Tertullian, On Modesty, 16 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 305 | 16. Necessary it is, therefore, that the (character of the) apostle should be continuously pointed out to them; whom I will maintain to be such in the second of Corinthians withal, as I know (him to be) in all his letters. (He it is) who even in the first (Epistle) was the first of all (the apostles) to dedicate the temple of God: Do you not know that you are the temple of God, and that in you the Lord dwells? - who likewise, for the consecrating and purifying (of) that temple, wrote the law pertaining to the temple-keepers: If any shall have marred the temple of God, him shall God mar; for the temple of God is holy, which (temple) are you. Come, now; who in the world has (ever) redintegrated one who has been marred by God (that is, delivered to Satan with a view to destruction of the flesh), after subjoining for that reason, Let none seduce himself; that is, let none presume that one marred by God can possibly be redintegrated anew? Just as, again, among all other crimes - nay, even before all others - when affirming that adulterers, and fornicators, and effeminates, and co-habitors with males, will not attain the kingdom of God, he premised, Do not err - to wit, if you think they will attain it. But to them from whom the kingdom is taken away, of course the life which exists in the kingdom is not permitted either. Moreover, by superadding, But such indeed you have been; but you have received ablution, but you have been sanctified, in the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ, and in the Spirit of our God; in as far as he puts on the paid side of the account such sins before baptism, in so far after baptism he determines them irremissible, if it is true, (as it is), that they are not allowed to receive ablution anew. Recognise, too, in what follows, Paul (in the character of) an immoveable column of discipline and its rules: Meats for the belly, and the belly for meats: God makes a full end both of the one and of the others; but the body (is) not for fornication, but for God: for Let Us make man, said God, (conformable) to Our image and likeness. And God made man; (conformable) to the image and likeness of God made He him. The Lord for the body: yes; for the Word was made flesh. Moreover, God both raised up the Lord, and will raise up us through His own power; on account, to wit, of the union of our body with Him. And accordingly, Do you not know your bodies (to be) members of Christ? because Christ, too, is God's temple. Overturn this temple, and I will in three days' space resuscitate it. Taking away the members of Christ, shall I make (them) members of an harlot? Do you not know, that whoever is agglutinated to an harlot is made one body? (for the two shall be (made) into one flesh): but whoever is agglutinated to the Lord is one spirit? Flee fornication. If revocable by pardon, in what sense am I to flee it, to turn adulterer anew? I shall gain nothing if I do flee it: I shall be one body, to which by communion I shall be agglutinated. Every sin which a human being may have committed is extraneous to the body; but whoever fornicates, sins against his own body. And, for fear you should fly to that statement for a licence to fornication, on the ground that you will be sinning against a thing which is yours, not the Lord's, he takes you away from yourself, and awards you, according to his previous disposition, to Christ: And you are not your own; immediately opposing (thereto), for bought you are with a price - the blood, to wit, of the Lord: glorify and extol the Lord in your body. See whether he who gives this injunction be likely to have pardoned one who has disgraced the Lord, and who has cast Him down from (the empire of) his body, and this indeed through incest. If you wish to imbibe to the utmost all knowledge of the apostle, in order to understand with what an axe of censorship he lops, and eradicates, and extirpates, every forest of lusts, for fear of permitting anything to regain strength and sprout again; behold him desiring souls to keep a fast from the legitimate fruit of nature - the apple, I mean, of marriage: But with regard to what you wrote, good it is for a man to have no contact with a woman; but, on account of fornication, let each one have his own wife: let husband to wife, and wife to husband, render what is due. Who but must know that it was against his will that he relaxed the bond of this good, in order to prevent fornication? But if he either has granted, or does grant, indulgence to fornication, of course he has frustrated the design of his own remedy. and will be bound immediately to put the curb upon the nuptials of continence, if the fornication for the sake of which those nuptials are permitted shall cease to be feared. For (a fornication) which has indulgence granted it will not be feared. And yet he professes that he has granted the use of marriage by way of indulgence, not of command. For he wills all to be on a level with himself. But when things lawful are (only) granted by way of indulgence, who hope for things unlawful? To the unmarried also, and widows, he says, It is good, by his example, to persevere (in their present state); but if they were too weak, to marry; because it is preferable to marry than to burn. With what fires, I pray you, is it preferable to burn- (the fires) of concupiscence, or (the fires) of penalty? Nay, but if fornication is pardonable, it will not be an object of concupiscence. But it is more (the manner) of an apostle to take forethought for the fires of penalty. Wherefore, if it is penalty which burns, it follows that fornication, which penalty awaits, is not pardonable. Meantime withal, while prohibiting divorce, he uses the Lord's precept against adultery as an instrument for providing, in place of divorce, either perseverance in widowhood, or else a reconciliation of peace: inasmuch as whoever shall have dismissed a wife (for any cause) except the cause of adultery, makes her commit adultery; and he who marries one dismissed by a husband commits adultery. What powerful remedies does the Holy Spirit furnish, to prevent, to wit, the commission anew of that which He wills not should anew be pardoned! Now, if in all cases he says it is best for a man thus to be; You are joined to a wife, seek not loosing (that you may give no occasion to adultery); you are loosed from a wife, seek not a wife, that you may reserve an opportunity for yourself: but withal, if you shall have married a wife, and if a virgin shall have married, she sins not; pressure, however, of the flesh such shall have,- even here he is granting a permission by way of sparing them. On the other hand, he lays it down that the time is wound up, in order that even they who have wives may be as if they had them not. For the fashion of this world is passing away,- (this world) no longer, to wit, requiring (the command), Grow and multiply. Thus he wills us to pass our life without anxiety, because the unmarried care about the Lord, how they may please God; the married, however, muse about the world, how they may please their spouse. Thus he pronounces that the preserver of a virgin does better than her giver in marriage. Thus, too, he discriminatingly judges her to be more blessed, who, after losing her husband subsequently to her entrance into the faith, lovingly embraces the opportunity of widowhood. Thus he commends as Divine all these counsels of continence: I think, he says, I too have the Spirit of God. Who is this your most audacious asserter of all immodesty, plainly a most faithful advocate of the adulterous, and fornicators, and incestuous, in whose honour he has undertaken this cause against the Holy Spirit, so that he recites a false testimony from (the writings of) His apostle? No such indulgence granted Paul, who endeavours to obliterate necessity of the flesh wholly from (the list of) even honourable pretexts (for marriage unions). He does grant indulgence, I allow - not to adulteries, but to nuptials. He does spare, I allow - marriages, not harlotries. He tries to avoid giving pardon even to nature, for fear he may flatter guilt. He is studious to put restraints upon the union which is heir to blessing, for fear that which is heir to curse be excused. This (one possibility) was left him - to purge the flesh from (natural) dregs, for (cleanse it) from (foul) stains he cannot. But this is the usual way with perverse and ignorant heretics; yes, and by this time even with Psychics universally: to arm themselves with the opportune support of some one ambiguous passage, in opposition to the disciplined host of sentences of the entire document. |
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54. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 3.6 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 | 3.6. To Annius Severus, Out of a legacy which I have come in for I have just bought a Corinthian bronze, small it is true, but a charming and sharply-cut piece of work, so far as I have any knowledge of art, and that, as in everything else perhaps, is very slight. But as for the statue in question even I can appreciate its merits. For it is a nude, and neither conceals its faults, if there are any, nor hides at all its strong points. It represents an old man in a standing posture; the bones, muscles, nerves, veins, and even the wrinkles appear quite life-like; the hair is thin and scanty on the forehead; the brow is broad; the face wizened; the neck thin; the shoulders are bowed; the breast is flat, and the belly hollow. The back too gives the same impression of age, as far as a back view can. The bronze itself, judging by the genuine colour, is old and of great antiquity. In fact, in every respect it is a work calculated to catch the eye of a connoisseur and to delight the eye of an amateur, and this is what tempted me to purchase it, although I am the merest novice. But I bought it not to keep it at home - for as yet I have no Corinthian art work in my house - but that I might put it up in my native country in some frequented place, and I specially had in mind the Temple of Jupiter. For the statue seems to me to be worthy of the temple, and the gift to be worthy of the god. So I hope that you will show me your usual kindness when I give you a commission, and that you will undertake the following for me. Will you order a pedestal to be made, of any marble you like, to be inscribed with my name and titles, if you think the latter ought to be mentioned? I will send you the statue as soon as I can find anyone who is not overburdened with luggage, or I will bring myself along with it, as I dare say you would prefer me to do. For, if only my duties allow me, I am intending to run down thither. You are glad that I promise to come, but you will frown when I add that I can only stay a few days. For the business which hitherto has kept me from getting away will not allow of my being absent any longer. Farewell. |
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55. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 3.6 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58 | 3.6. To Annius Severus, Out of a legacy which I have come in for I have just bought a Corinthian bronze, small it is true, but a charming and sharply-cut piece of work, so far as I have any knowledge of art, and that, as in everything else perhaps, is very slight. But as for the statue in question even I can appreciate its merits. For it is a nude, and neither conceals its faults, if there are any, nor hides at all its strong points. It represents an old man in a standing posture; the bones, muscles, nerves, veins, and even the wrinkles appear quite life-like; the hair is thin and scanty on the forehead; the brow is broad; the face wizened; the neck thin; the shoulders are bowed; the breast is flat, and the belly hollow. The back too gives the same impression of age, as far as a back view can. The bronze itself, judging by the genuine colour, is old and of great antiquity. In fact, in every respect it is a work calculated to catch the eye of a connoisseur and to delight the eye of an amateur, and this is what tempted me to purchase it, although I am the merest novice. But I bought it not to keep it at home - for as yet I have no Corinthian art work in my house - but that I might put it up in my native country in some frequented place, and I specially had in mind the Temple of Jupiter. For the statue seems to me to be worthy of the temple, and the gift to be worthy of the god. So I hope that you will show me your usual kindness when I give you a commission, and that you will undertake the following for me. Will you order a pedestal to be made, of any marble you like, to be inscribed with my name and titles, if you think the latter ought to be mentioned? I will send you the statue as soon as I can find anyone who is not overburdened with luggage, or I will bring myself along with it, as I dare say you would prefer me to do. For, if only my duties allow me, I am intending to run down thither. You are glad that I promise to come, but you will frown when I add that I can only stay a few days. For the business which hitherto has kept me from getting away will not allow of my being absent any longer. Farewell. |
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| 56. Festus Sextus Pompeius, De Verborum Significatione, None (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 224 |
| 57. Herodian, History of The Empire After Marcus, 1.11 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 176 |
| 58. Gellius, Attic Nights, 12.10 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 305 |
59. Cassius Dio, Roman History, 44.9.1-44.9.3, 55.8.2, 55.9.6, 58.7.2, 59.26.3, 77.16 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. •sempronius gracchus, c., tribune Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 94; Rutledge (2012) 67, 268, 305 | 44.9.1. When he had reached this point, the men who were plotting against him hesitated no longer, but in order to embitter even his best friends against him, they did their best to traduce him, finally saluting him as king, a name which they often used also among themselves. 44.9.2. When he kept refusing the title and rebuking in a way those who thus accosted him, yet did nothing by which it would be thought that he was really displeased at it, they secretly adorned his statue, which stood on the rostra, with a diadem. 44.9.3. And when the tribunes, Gaius Epidius Marullus and Lucius Caesetius Flavius, took it down, he became violently angry, although they uttered no word of abuse and moreover actually praised him before the populace as not wanting anything of the sort. For the time being, though vexed, he held his peace. 55.8.2. After assigning to himself the duty of repairing the temple of Concord, in order that he might inscribe upon it his own name and that of Drusus, he celebrated his triumph, and in company with his mother dedicated the precinct called the precinct of Livia. He gave a banquet to the senate on the Capitol, and she gave one on her own account to the women somewhere or other. 55.9.6. He made the journey as a private citizen, though he exercised his authority by compelling the Parians to sell him the statue of Vesta, in order that it might be placed in the temple of Concord; and when he reached Rhodes, he refrained from haughty conduct in both word and deed. 58.7.2. (for he was wont to include himself in such sacrifices), a rope was discovered coiled about the neck of the statue. Again, there was the behaviour of a statue of Fortune, which had belonged, they say, to Tullius, one of the former kings of Rome, but was at this time kept by Sejanus at his house and was a source of great pride to him: 59.26.3. When Gaius showed pleasure at this and declared that he had become reconciled with them, they voted various festivals and also decreed that the emperor should sit on a high platform even in the very senate-house, to prevent anyone from approaching him, and should have a military guard even there; they likewise voted that his statues should be guarded. 77.16. 1. Severus was small of stature but powerful, though he eventually grew very weak from gout; mentally he was very keen and very vigorous. As for education, he was eager for more than he obtained, and for this reason was a man of few words, though of many ideas. Toward friends not forgetful, to enemies most oppressive, he was careful of everything that he desired to accomplish, but careless of what was said about him. Hence he raised money from every source, except that he killed no one to get it,,3. and he met all necessary expenditures quite ungrudgingly. He restored a very large number of the ancient buildings and inscribed on them his own name, just as if he had erected them in the first place from his own private funds. He also spent a great deal uselessly in repairing other buildings and in constructing new ones; for instance, he built a temple of huge size to Bacchus and Hercules.,4. Yet, though his expenditures were enormous, he nevertheless left behind, not some few easily-counted tens of thousands, but very many tens of thousands. Again, he rebuked such persons as were not chaste, even going so far as to enact some laws in regard to adultery. In consequence, there were ever so many indictments for that offence (for example, when consul, I found three thousand entered on the docket); but, inasmuch as very few persons prosecuted these cases, he, too, ceased to trouble himself about them.,5. In this connexion, a very witty remark is reported to have been made by the wife of Argentocoxus, a Caledonian, to Julia Augusta. When the empress was jesting with her, after the treaty, about the free intercourse of her sex with men in Britain, she replied: "We fulfil the demands of nature in a much better way than do you Roman women; for we consort openly with the best men, whereas you let yourselves be debauched in secret by the vilest." Such was the retort of the British woman. |
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| 60. Servius, Commentary On The Aeneid, 1.726, 9.645 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 305 |
| 61. Cassiodorus, Variarum Libri Xii, 7.13 (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 305 |
62. Strabo, Geography, 13.1.54 Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 67 | 13.1.54. From Scepsis came the Socratic philosophers Erastus and Coriscus and Neleus the son of Coriscus, this last a man who not only was a pupil of Aristotle and Theophrastus, but also inherited the library of Theophrastus, which included that of Aristotle. At any rate, Aristotle bequeathed his own library to Theophrastus, to whom he also left his school; and he is the first man, so far as I know, to have collected books and to have taught the kings in Egypt how to arrange a library. Theophrastus bequeathed it to Neleus; and Neleus took it to Scepsis and bequeathed it to his heirs, ordinary people, who kept the books locked up and not even carefully stored. But when they heard bow zealously the Attalic kings to whom the city was subject were searching for books to build up the library in Pergamum, they hid their books underground in a kind of trench. But much later, when the books had been damaged by moisture and moths, their descendants sold them to Apellicon of Teos for a large sum of money, both the books of Aristotle and those of Theophrastus. But Apellicon was a bibliophile rather than a philosopher; and therefore, seeking a restoration of the parts that had been eaten through, he made new copies of the text, filling up the gaps incorrectly, and published the books full of errors. The result was that the earlier school of Peripatetics who came after Theophrastus had no books at all, with the exception of only a few, mostly exoteric works, and were therefore able to philosophize about nothing in a practical way, but only to talk bombast about commonplace propositions, whereas the later school, from the time the books in question appeared, though better able to philosophise and Aristotelise, were forced to call most of their statements probabilities, because of the large number of errors. Rome also contributed much to this; for, immediately after the death of Apellicon, Sulla, who had captured Athens, carried off Apellicon's library to Rome, where Tyrannion the grammarian, who was fond of Aristotle, got it in his hands by paying court to the librarian, as did also certain booksellers who used bad copyists and would not collate the texts — a thing that also takes place in the case of the other books that are copied for selling, both here and at Alexandria. However, this is enough about these men. |
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| 63. Scholia In Pindarum, Scholia Vetera (Scholia In Pindarum (Scholia Vetera) ), None Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 257 |
| 64. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 231 |
| 65. Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, 1.14.8, 2.2.3, 2.4.4, 2.6.3 Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 169, 221, 224 |
| 66. Manilius, Astronomica, 1.7-1.10, 1.247-1.257, 2.60-2.83, 2.440, 2.442, 2.444-2.446, 3.48-3.55 Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 268 |
| 67. Epigraphy, Illrp, 467-473, 475, 515, 474 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 94, 279 |
| 68. Epigraphy, Ils, 129, 26, 5922-5945, 6024, 8888 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 279 |
| 69. Plutarch, Tiberius Gracchus, 1 Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 58, 176 |
| 70. Granius Licinianus., Annales, 28.29-28.37 Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 224 |
| 71. Epigraphy, Rcc, None Tagged with subjects: •sempronius gracchus, c., killed pro salute patriae Found in books: Walters (2020) 40 |
| 73. Cato Maior, Orat., None Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 225 |
| 75. Columella, Agr., None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 219, 231, 232 |
| 77. Ancient Near Eastern Sources, R.S., 2 Tagged with subjects: •sempronius gracchus, c., tribune Found in books: Bruun and Edmondson (2015) 279 |
| 82. Eutrop., Flor. Epit., 1.17, 1.48, 2.1.5-2.1.7 Tagged with subjects: •c. sempronius gracchus Found in books: Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 59 |
| 83. Eutrop., Fragments, Frhist., None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Poulsen and Jönsson (2021) 41 |
| 84. Various, Anthologia Planudea, 129 Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 67 |
| 85. Epigraphy, Cil, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Walters (2020) 43 |
| 86. Cato Maior, Agr., None Tagged with subjects: •gracchus, gaius (sempronius gracchus, c.) Found in books: Viglietti and Gildenhard (2020) 214 |
| 87. Cicero, Digesta Justiniana, 47.10.27 Tagged with subjects: •semproniusgracchus, c. Found in books: Rutledge (2012) 305 |
