The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Index Database

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Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

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All subjects (including unvalidated):

subject	book bibliographic info
bride	Gaifman (2012), Aniconism in Greek Antiquity, 73, 74, 240, 306 Grypeou and Spurling (2009), The Exegetical Encounter between Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity, 11, 127, 168, 209 Lynskey (2021), Tyconius’ Book of Rules: An Ancient Invitation to Ecclesial Hermeneutics, 73, 74, 240 Rasimus (2009), Paradise Reconsidered in Gnostic Mythmaking: Rethinking Sethianism in Light of the Ophite Evidence, 265, 266 Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 24, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120 Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 301 Toloni (2022), The Story of Tobit: A Comparative Literary Analysis, 130
bride, abduction marriage, return of	Monnickendam (2020), Jewish Law and Early Christian Identity: Betrothal, Marriage, and Infidelity in the Writings of Ephrem the Syrian, 132, 134, 162
bride, achamoth savior’s, bride,	Williams (2009), Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Book I: (Sects 1-46), 177
bride, ambrose, on song of songs	Hillier (1993), Arator on the Acts of the Apostles: A Baptismal Commentary, 118
bride, and body of christ, church as	Yates and Dupont (2020), The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part I: Commencement to the Confessiones of Augustine (ca. 180 to 400 CE), 126, 127, 310, 335
bride, and body of christ, church, as	Yates and Dupont (2020), The Bible in Christian North Africa: Part I: Commencement to the Confessiones of Augustine (ca. 180 to 400 CE), 126, 127, 310, 335
bride, and dress	Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 105, 108
bride, and groom	Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 90
bride, and jewelry	Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 105, 106, 107, 108, 114
bride, and makeup	Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 105, 114
bride, and, intercourse, young	Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 129
bride, as an icon	Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 16, 114
bride, as animal	Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 265, 289
bride, as flower	Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 291
bride, as individual soul or church, in song of songs	Ashbrook Harvey et al. (2015), A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer, 233
bride, as suppliant	Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 301
bride, athenian cult of nymphe	Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 148
bride, break with childhood, nymphe	Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 61, 128, 129, 130, 131, 144, 145, 172, 173
bride, bridegroom,	Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022), Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity, 139, 375, 520
bride, carried over, threshold	Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 144, 149
bride, development from childhood to adulthood, in origen’s commentary on song	Ashbrook Harvey et al. (2015), A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer, 236, 237
bride, espousal, israel as	Stern (2004), From Rebuke to Consolation: Exegesis and Theology in the Liturgical Anthology of the Ninth of Av Season, 105, 106, 108, 109, 131
bride, fragmentary metope depicting, mycenae, hera as	Simon, Zeyl, and Shapiro, (2021), The Gods of the Greeks, 53
bride, gregory of nyssa	Cain (2023), Mirrors of the Divine: Late Ancient Christianity and the Vision of God, 121, 124, 125, 126, 127
bride, helen, paradigmatic	Castagnoli and Ceccarelli (2019), Greek Memories: Theories and Practices, 261, 262
bride, imagery in song of songs	Stern (2004), From Rebuke to Consolation: Exegesis and Theology in the Liturgical Anthology of the Ninth of Av Season, 105, 124, 131, 132, 133, 134
bride, in marriage, role of	Kanarek (2014), Biblical narrative and formation rabbinic law, 69, 70, 81, 82, 83
bride, in revelation	Lester (2018), Prophetic Rivalry, Gender, and Economics: A Study in Revelation and Sibylline Oracles 4-5. 52, 62, 116, 118, 121
bride, in song of songs, as ethiopian woman, and despised by jews	Ashbrook Harvey et al. (2015), A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer, 237, 238
bride, isolation of	Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 247
bride, israel, as	Stern (2004), From Rebuke to Consolation: Exegesis and Theology in the Liturgical Anthology of the Ninth of Av Season, 105, 106, 108, 109, 131
bride, kassandra, as	Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 293, 294, 295
bride, liminality of	Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 21, 247
bride, nourishment/nurturance	Penniman (2017), Raised on Christian Milk: Food and the Formation of the Soul in Early Christianity, 154, 155, 156
bride, nymphe	Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 8, 63
bride, of christ, church	Pomeroy (2021), Chrysostom as Exegete: Scholarly Traditions and Rhetorical Aims in the Homilies on Genesis, 61
bride, of jesus, and ass-man legend, church as	Griffiths (1975), The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI), 334
bride, of song of songs	Hillier (1993), Arator on the Acts of the Apostles: A Baptismal Commentary, 94, 100, 102, 103, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121
bride, of song of songs, gentiles, and	Ashbrook Harvey et al. (2015), A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer, 237, 238, 239, 240
bride, of the angels, bride, soul	Williams (2009), Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Book I: (Sects 1-46), 174, 192, 193, 194, 232
bride, offerings to artemis, nymphe	Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 129, 144, 145
bride, prepubescent, in song of songs, as israel	Ashbrook Harvey et al. (2015), A Most Reliable Witness: Essays in Honor of Ross Shepard Kraemer, 237
bride, price	Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 68, 69, 114
bride, price, marriage, biblical	Bickerman and Tropper (2007), Studies in Jewish and Christian History, 197, 198, 202, 203, 205, 206
bride, separation from mother	Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 265
bride, taming, nymphe	Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 61, 131, 147, 153, 172, 180
bride, transferral of	Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 301
bride, transformation	Penniman (2017), Raised on Christian Milk: Food and the Formation of the Soul in Early Christianity, 152, 153
bride, transformation into, nymphe	Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 49, 50
bride, unveiling of	Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 287, 288, 289, 294, 297
bride, yoking of	Seaford (2018), Tragedy, Ritual and Money in Ancient Greece: Selected Essays, 265, 298
brides	Faraone (1999), Ancient Greek Love Magic, 71, 72, 100
brides, arktoi as future	Parker (2005), Polytheism and Society at Athens, 242
brides, of christ	Poorthuis and Schwartz (2014), Saints and role models in Judaism and Christianity, 254
brides, sabine women, rape of compared with permission to benjaminites to capture their	Feldman (2006), Judaism and Hellenism Reconsidered, 667, 668, 669
brides, taming of	Brule (2003), Women of Ancient Greece, 61, 131, 147, 153, 172, 180
bride’s, jewelry, symbols, of	Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 107
“bride, of cassandra, as hades, ”	Shilo (2022), Beyond Death in the Oresteia: Poetics, Ethics, and Politics, 80

List of validated texts:

12 validated results for "bride"

1. Hebrew Bible, Song of Songs, 4.10, 4.12 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Bride, as spring • Israel, as bride • Song of Songs, bride imagery in • bridal references, midrash and piyyutim • espousal, Israel as bride • nourishment/nurturance, bride

Found in books: Kosman (2012), Gender and Dialogue in the Rabbinic Prism, 156; Penniman (2017), Raised on Christian Milk: Food and the Formation of the Soul in Early Christianity, 156; Stern (2004), From Rebuke to Consolation: Exegesis and Theology in the Liturgical Anthology of the Ninth of Av Season, 105

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4.12 גַּן נָעוּל אֲחֹתִי כַלָּה גַּל נָעוּל מַעְיָן חָתוּם׃' ' None

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4.10 How fair is thy love, my sister, my bride! How much better is thy love than wine! And the smell of thine ointments than all manner of spices! ^4.12 A garden shut up is my sister, my bride; A spring shut up, a fountain sealed.'' None

2. None, None, nan (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Bridal chamber • bridal chamber

Found in books: Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 264; Iricinschi et al. (2013), Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels, 298

3. Hebrew Bible, Isaiah, 49.18, 61.10 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Israel, as bride • Song of Songs, bride imagery in • bridal references, midrash and piyyutim • bride • espousal, Israel as bride

Found in books: Lynskey (2021), Tyconius’ Book of Rules: An Ancient Invitation to Ecclesial Hermeneutics, 74, 240; Stern (2004), From Rebuke to Consolation: Exegesis and Theology in the Liturgical Anthology of the Ninth of Av Season, 105, 106, 108, 109, 124, 131, 132, 133, 134

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49.18 שְׂאִי־סָבִיב עֵינַיִךְ וּרְאִי כֻּלָּם נִקְבְּצוּ בָאוּ־לָךְ חַי־אָנִי נְאֻם־יְהוָה כִּי כֻלָּם כָּעֲדִי תִלְבָּשִׁי וּתְקַשְּׁרִים כַּכַּלָּה׃' ' None

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49.18 Lift up thine eyes round about, and behold: All these gather themselves together, and come to thee. As I live, saith the LORD, Thou shalt surely clothe thee with them all as with an ornament, And gird thyself with them, like a bride. ^61.10 I will greatly rejoice in the LORD, My soul shall be joyful in my God; For He hath clothed me with the garments of salvation, He hath covered me with the robe of victory, As a bridegroom putteth on a priestly diadem, And as a bride adorneth herself with her jewels.'' None

4. Lucan, Pharsalia, 2.363-2.364 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • dress, bridal • flammeum (bridal scarf)

Found in books: Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 143; Radicke (2022), Roman Women’s Dress: Literary Sources, Terminology, and Historical Development, 319, 408

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2.363 Shall give Hesperia peace and end her toils. Who then will reign shall find no need for war. You ask, \'Why follow Magnus? If he wins He too will claim the Empire of the world.\' Then let him, conquering with my service, learn Not for himself to conquer." Thus he spoke And stirred the blood that ran in Brutus\' veins Moving the youth to action in the war. Soon as the sun dispelled the chilly night, The sounding doors flew wide, and from the tomb ^2.364 Shall give Hesperia peace and end her toils. Who then will reign shall find no need for war. You ask, \'Why follow Magnus? If he wins He too will claim the Empire of the world.\' Then let him, conquering with my service, learn Not for himself to conquer." Thus he spoke And stirred the blood that ran in Brutus\' veins Moving the youth to action in the war. Soon as the sun dispelled the chilly night, The sounding doors flew wide, and from the tomb '' None

5. New Testament, Matthew, 25.1 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • bridal chamber • bride, bridegroom

Found in books: Berglund Crostini and Kelhoffer (2022), Why We Sing: Music, Word, and Liturgy in Early Christianity, 375; Nissinen and Uro (2008), Sacred Marriages: The Divine-Human Sexual Metaphor from Sumer to Early Christianity, 445

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25.1 Τότε ὁμοιωθήσεται ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν δέκα παρθένοις, αἵτινες λαβοῦσαι τὰς λαμπάδας ἑαυτῶν ἐξῆλθον εἰς ὑπάντησιν τοῦ νυμφίου.'' None

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25.1 "Then the Kingdom of Heaven will be like ten virgins, who took their lamps, and went out to meet the bridegroom. '' None

6. Tosefta, Ketuvot, 1.4 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Bride • bride and groom

Found in books: Rosen-Zvi (2012), The Mishnaic Sotah Ritual: Temple, Gender and Midrash, 90; Rubin (2008) Time and the Life Cycle in Talmud and Midrash: Socio-Anthropological Perspectives. 117

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1.4 בוגרת ואיילונית כתובתן מאתים נשאת בחזקת שהיא כשירה ונמצאת איילונית אין לה כתובה רצה לקיים נותן כתובה מנה.'' None

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1.4 An adult woman and a woman incapable of having children (aylonit)—their ketubah is 200. If she is married on the presumption that she was fit to bear children but it turned out that she was incapable, she has no ketubah. If he wants to uphold it, he gives a ketubah of 100 zuz.'' None

7. None, None, nan (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Scarf, bridal (see flammeum) • dress, bridal • flammeum (bridal scarf)

Found in books: Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 114; Radicke (2022), Roman Women’s Dress: Literary Sources, Terminology, and Historical Development, 490

8. Irenaeus, Refutation of All Heresies, 1.6.4, 1.21.5 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Bridal chamber • Bride • bridal chamber

Found in books: Iricinschi et al. (2013), Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels, 62; Nissinen and Uro (2008), Sacred Marriages: The Divine-Human Sexual Metaphor from Sumer to Early Christianity, 458, 474; Rasimus (2009), Paradise Reconsidered in Gnostic Mythmaking: Rethinking Sethianism in Light of the Ophite Evidence, 265

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1.6.4 And committing many other abominations and impieties, they run us down (who from the fear of God guard against sinning even in thought or word) as utterly contemptible and ignorant persons, while they highly exalt themselves, and claim to be perfect, and the elect seed. For they declare that we simply receive grace for use, wherefore also it will again be taken away from us; but that they themselves have grace as their own special possession, which has descended from above by means of an unspeakable and indescribable conjunction; and on this account more will be given them. They maintain, therefore, that in every way it is always necessary for them to practise the mystery of conjunction. And that they may persuade the thoughtless to believe this, they are in the habit of using these very words, "Whosoever being in this world does not so love a woman as to obtain possession of her, is not of the truth, nor shall attain to the truth. But whosoever being of this world has intercourse with woman, shall not attain to the truth, because he has so acted under the power of concupiscence." On this account, they tell us that it is necessary for us whom they call animal men, and describe as being of the world, to practise continence and good works, that by this means we may attain at length to the intermediate habitation, but that to them who are called "the spiritual and perfect" such a course of conduct is not at all necessary. For it is not conduct of any kind which leads into the Pleroma, but the seed sent forth thence in a feeble, immature state, and here brought to perfection. ^1.21.5 Others still there are who continue to redeem persons even up to the moment of death, by placing on their heads oil and water, or the pre-mentioned ointment with water, using at the same time the above-named invocations, that the persons referred to may become incapable of being seized or seen by the principalities and powers, and that their inner man may ascend on high in an invisible manner, as if their body were left among created things in this world, while their soul is sent forward to the Demiurge. And they instruct them, on their reaching the principalities and powers, to make use of these words: "I am a son from the Father--the Father who had a pre-existence, and a son in Him who is pre-existent. I have come to behold all things, both those which belong to myself and others, although, strictly speaking, they do not belong to others, but to Achamoth, who is female in nature, and made these things for herself. For I derive being from Him who is pre-existent, and I come again to my own place whence I went forth." And they affirm that, by saying these things, he escapes from the powers. He then advances to the companions of the Demiurge, and thus addresses them:--"I am a vessel more precious than the female who formed you. If your mother is ignorant of her own descent, I know myself, and am aware whence I am, and I call upon the incorruptible Sophia, who is in the Father, and is the mother of your mother, who has no father, nor any male consort; but a female springing from a female formed you, while ignorant of her own mother, and imagining that she alone existed; but I call upon her mother." And they declare, that when the companions of the Demiurge hear these words, they are greatly agitated, and upbraid their origin and the race of their mother. But he goes into his own place, having thrown off his chain, that is, his animal nature. These, then, are the particulars which have reached us respecting "redemption." But since they differ so widely among themselves both as respects doctrine and tradition, and since those of them who are recognised as being most modern make it their effort daily to invent some new opinion, and to bring out what no one ever before thought of, it is a difficult matter to describe all their opinions.'' None

9. None, None, nan (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • dress, bridal • flammeum (bridal scarf)

Found in books: Edmondson (2008), Roman Dress and the Fabrics of Roman Culture, 48, 142; Radicke (2022), Roman Women’s Dress: Literary Sources, Terminology, and Historical Development, 359

10. None, None, nan (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Bridal Chamber • Bridal chamber • bridal chamber • bridal chamber/marriage chamber • bride, soul bride of the angels

Found in books: Corrigan and Rasimus (2013), Gnosticism, Platonism and the Late Ancient World, 350; Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 258, 264; Iricinschi et al. (2013), Beyond the Gnostic Gospels: Studies Building on the Work of Elaine Pagels, 62, 199, 250, 253; Tite (2009), Valentinian Ethics and Paraenetic Discourse: Determining the Social Function of Moral Exhortation in Valentinian Christianity, 2; Williams (2009), Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Book I: (Sects 1-46), 230, 232

11. None, None, nan (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Bridal Chamber • bridal chamber

Found in books: Estes (2020), The Tree of Life, 265; Linjamaa (2019), The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics, 97

12. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Gregory of Nyssa, bride • nourishment/nurturance, bride • transformation, bride

Found in books: Cain (2023), Mirrors of the Divine: Late Ancient Christianity and the Vision of God, 121, 126, 127; Penniman (2017), Raised on Christian Milk: Food and the Formation of the Soul in Early Christianity, 152, 153, 154, 155

Please note: the results are produced through a computerized process which may frequently lead to errors, both in incorrect tagging and in other issues. Please use with caution.
Due to load times, full text fetching is currently attempted for validated results only.
Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database