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24 results for "body"
1. Plato, Theages, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 118
2. Plato, Protagoras, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, greek Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 107
322a. that man gets facility for his livelihood, but Prometheus, through Epimetheus’ fault, later on (the story goes) stood his trial for theft. Soc.
3. Plato, Phaedrus, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 104
263e. αὐτὸς ἐβουλήθη, καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο ἤδη συνταξάμενος πάντα τὸν ὕστερον λόγον διεπεράνατο; βούλει πάλιν ἀναγνῶμεν τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτοῦ; ΦΑΙ. εἰ σοί γε δοκεῖ· ὃ μέντοι ζητεῖς οὐκ ἔστʼ αὐτόθι. ΣΩ. λέγε, ἵνα ἀκούσω αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου. ΦΑΙ. περὶ μὲν τῶν ἐμῶν πραγμάτων ἐπίστασαι, καὶ ὡς νομίζω συμφέρειν ἡμῖν τούτων γενομένων, ἀκήκοας. ἀξιῶ 263e. which he chose to consider it, and did he then compose and finish his discourse with that in view? Shall we read the beginning of it again? Phaedrus. If you like; but what you seek is not in it. Socrates. Read, that I may hear Lysias himself. Phaedrus. You know what my condition is, and you have heard how I think it is to our advantage to arrange
4. Plato, Gorgias, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, greek Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 104
504a. ἅπαν συστήσηται τεταγμένον τε καὶ κεκοσμημένον πρᾶγμα· καὶ οἵ τε δὴ ἄλλοι δημιουργοὶ καὶ οὓς νυνδὴ ἐλέγομεν, οἱ περὶ τὸ σῶμα, παιδοτρίβαι τε καὶ ἰατροί, κοσμοῦσί που τὸ σῶμα καὶ συντάττουσιν. ὁμολογοῦμεν οὕτω τοῦτʼ ἔχειν ἢ οὔ; ΚΑΛ. ἔστω τοῦτο οὕτω. ΣΩ. τάξεως ἄρα καὶ κόσμου τυχοῦσα οἰκία χρηστὴ ἂν εἴη, ἀταξίας δὲ μοχθηρά; ΚΑΛ. φημί. ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν καὶ πλοῖον ὡσαύτως; 504a. the whole into a regular and well-ordered production; and so of course with all the other craftsmen, and the people we mentioned just now, who have to do with the body—trainers and doctors; they too, I suppose, bring order and system into the body. Do we admit this to be the case, or not? Call. Let it be as you say. Soc. Then if regularity and order are found in a house, it will be a good one, and if irregularity, a bad one? Call. I agree. Soc. And it will be just the same with a ship?
5. Aristotle, Poetics, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 105
6. Polybius, Histories, 1.1.3, 1.4.7-1.4.8, 29.12, 29.12.6, 29.12.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, greek •body, metaphor for speech and text, latin Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 105, 106, 107, 108
1.1.3. δῆλον ὡς οὐδενὶ μὲν ἂν δόξαι καθήκειν περὶ τῶν καλῶς καὶ πολλοῖς εἰρημένων ταυτολογεῖν, ἥκιστα δʼ ἡμῖν. αὐτὸ γὰρ τὸ παράδοξον τῶν πράξεων, 1.4.7. καθόλου μὲν γὰρ ἔμοιγε δοκοῦσιν οἱ πεπεισμένοι διὰ τῆς κατὰ μέρος ἱστορίας μετρίως συνόψεσθαι τὰ ὅλα παραπλήσιόν τι πάσχειν, ὡς ἂν εἴ τινες ἐμψύχου καὶ καλοῦ σώματος γεγονότος διερριμμένα τὰ μέρη θεώμενοι νομίζοιεν ἱκανῶς αὐτόπται γίνεσθαι τῆς ἐνεργείας αὐτοῦ τοῦ ζῴου καὶ καλλονῆς. 1.4.8. εἰ γάρ τις αὐτίκα μάλα συνθεὶς καὶ τέλειον αὖθις ἀπεργασάμενος τὸ ζῷον τῷ τʼ εἴδει καὶ τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς εὐπρεπείᾳ κἄπειτα πάλιν ἐπιδεικνύοι τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐκείνοις, ταχέως ἂν οἶμαι πάντας αὐτοὺς ὁμολογήσειν διότι καὶ λίαν πολύ τι τῆς ἀληθείας ἀπελείποντο πρόσθεν καὶ παραπλήσιοι τοῖς ὀνειρώττουσιν ἦσαν. 29.12.6. διόπερ οὐ χρὴ καταγινώσκειν ὡς ἡμῶν ἐπισυρόντων τὰς πράξεις, ὅταν τὰ παρʼ ἐνίοις πολλοῦ τετευχότα λόγου καὶ διασκευῆς ἡ?μ?ε?ῖ?σ? ποτὲ μὲν παραλείπωμεν, ποτὲ δὲ βραχέως ἐξαγγέλλωμεν, ἀλλὰ πιστεύειν ὅτι τὸν καθήκοντα λόγον ἑκάστοις ἀποδίδομεν. 29.12.11. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἐάν που παραπίπτωμεν ἐν ὀνομασίαις ὀρῶν ἢ ποταμῶν ἢ τόπων ἰδιότησι· τὸ γὰρ μέγεθος τῆς πραγματείας ἱκανόν ἐστιν ἡμᾶς ἐν ἅπασι τούτοις παραιτεῖσθαι· 29.12. 1.  Other writers again have . . . about the war in Syria. The reason of this I have frequently explained.,2.  For when dealing with a subject which is simple and uniform they wish to be thought historians not because of what they accomplish, but because of the multitude of their books, and to make such an impression as I have described, they are compelled to magnify small matters,,3.  to touch up and elaborate brief statements of fact and to convert quite incidental occurrences of no moment into momentous events and actions, describing engagements and pitched battles in which the infantry losses were at times ten men or it may be a few more and the cavalry losses still fewer.,4.  As for sieges, descriptions of places, and such matters, it would be hard to describe adequately how they work them up for lack of real matter.,5.  But writers of universal history act in just the opposite manner.,6.  I should not therefore be condemned for slurring over events, when I sometimes omit and sometimes briefly report things to which others have devoted much space and elaborate descriptions; but I should rather be credited with treating each event on a proper scale.,7.  For those authors, when in the course of their work they describe, for instance, the sieges of Phanotea, Coronea, and Haliartus, find it necessary to place before their readers all the devices, all the daring strokes,,8.  and in addition to this describe at length the capture of Tarentum, the sieges of Corinth, Sardis, Gaza, Bactra, and above all Carthage, adding inventions of their own; and they by no means approve of me, when I simply give a true and unvarnished account of such matters.,9.  The same remarks apply to descriptions of battles, the reports of speeches, and the other parts of history.,10.  In all these — I include also subsequent portions of my work — I may be justly pardoned if I am found to be using the same style, or the same disposition and treatment, or even actually the same words as on a previous occasion;,11.  or again should I happen to be mistaken in the names of mountains and rivers or in my statements about the characteristics of places. For in all such matters the large scale of my work is a sufficient excuse.,12.  It is only if I am found guilty of deliberate mendacity or if it be for the sake of some profit, that I do not ask to be excused, as I have already stated several times in the course of this work when speaking on this subject. Genthius of Illyria (From Athenaeus X.440A; cp. Livy XLIV.30.2) 29.12.6.  I should not therefore be condemned for slurring over events, when I sometimes omit and sometimes briefly report things to which others have devoted much space and elaborate descriptions; but I should rather be credited with treating each event on a proper scale. 29.12.11.  or again should I happen to be mistaken in the names of mountains and rivers or in my statements about the characteristics of places. For in all such matters the large scale of my work is a sufficient excuse.
7. Cicero, Brutus, 43 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, latin Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 114
43. nam quem Thucydides, qui et Atheniensis erat et summo loco natus summusque vir et paulo aetate posterior, tantum morbo morbo addidit Teuffel, ducente Thucydide i. 138 mortuum scripsit et in Attica clam humatum, addidit addidit FOG : addiditque Kayser fuisse suspicionem veneno sibi conscivisse mortem: hunc isti aiunt, cum taurum immolavisset, excepisse sanguinem patera et eo poto mortuum concidisse. Hanc enim mortem rhetorice et tragice ornare potuerunt, illa mors vulgaris nullam praebebat materiem ad ornatum ordum maluit Lambinus . Qua re quoniam tibi ita quadrat, omnia fuisse in in add. ed. Rom. Themistocle Themistocli codd. dett. paria et Corio- lano, pateram quoque a me sumas licet, praebebo etiam hostiam, ut Coriolanus sit plane alter Themistocles.
8. Cicero, On Invention, 1.2-1.3 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, greek Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 103
1.2. Ac si volumus huius rei, quae vocatur eloquentia, sive artis sive studii sive exercitationis cuiusdam sive facultatis ab natura profectae considerare principium, reperiemus id ex honestissimis causis natum atque optimis rationibus profectum. nam fuit quoddam tem- pus, cum in agris homines passim bestiarum modo vagabantur et sibi victu fero vitam propagabant nec ratione animi quicquam, sed pleraque viribus corporis administrabant, nondum divinae religionis, non hu- mani officii ratio colebatur, nemo nuptias viderat legi- timas, non certos quisquam aspexerat liberos, non, ius aequabile quid utilitatis haberet, acceperat. ita propter errorem atque inscientiam caeca ac temeraria domi- natrix animi cupiditas ad se explendam viribus cor- poris abutebatur, perniciosissimis satellitibus. quo tem- pore quidam magnus videlicet vir et sapiens cognovit, quae materia esset et quanta ad maximas res opportunitas in animis inesset hominum, si quis eam posset elicere et praecipiendo meliorem reddere; qui dispersos homines in agros et in tectis silvestribus abditos ratione quadam conpulit unum in locum et congregavit et eos in unam quamque rem inducens utilem atque honestam primo propter insolentiam reclamantes, deinde propter rationem atque orationem studiosius audientes ex feris et inmanibus mites reddidit et mansuetos. 1.3. ac mihi qui- dem hoc nec tacita videtur nec inops dicendi sapientia perficere potuisse, ut homines a consuetudine subito converteret et ad diversas rationes vitae traduceret. age vero urbibus constitutis, ut fidem colere et iusti- tiam retinere discerent et aliis parere sua voluntate consuescerent ac non modo labores excipiendos com- munis commodi causa, sed etiam vitam amittendam existimarent, qui tandem fieri potuit, nisi homines ea, quae ratione invenissent, eloquentia persuadere po- tuissent? profecto nemo nisi gravi ac suavi commotus oratione, cum viribus plurimum posset, ad ius voluisset sine vi descendere, ut inter quos posset excellere, cum iis se pateretur aequari et sua voluntate a iucundissi- ma consuetudine recederet, quae praesertim iam natu- rae vim optineret propter vetustatem. ac primo quidem sic et nata et progressa longius eloquentia videtur et item postea maximis in rebus pacis et belli cum sum- mis hominum utilitatibus esse versata; postquam vero commoditas quaedam, prava virtutis imitatrix, sine ra- tione officii dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes et vitas hominum labe- factare assuevit.
9. Cicero, On Laws, 1.6 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, latin Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 111
10. Cicero, Letters, 1.19.10, 1.20.6, 2.1, 2.1.1-2.1.3, 4.6.4 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, latin Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 109, 110, 111, 114, 115
11. Cicero, Letters To His Friends, 5.12, 5.12.4, 5.12.10 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115
12. Cicero, Letters To Quintus, a b c d\n0 2.12(11).4 2.12(11).4 2 12(11)\n1 2.12(11).3.7-4.10 2.12(11).3.7 2 12(11) (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 115, 116
13. Lucretius Carus, On The Nature of Things, 5.771-5.1457 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, greek Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 103
5.771. menstrua dum rigidas coni perlabitur umbras . 5.772. Quod superest, quoniam magni per caerula mundi 5.773. qua fieri quicquid posset ratione resolvi, 5.774. solis uti varios cursus lunaeque meatus 5.775. noscere possemus quae vis et causa cieret, 5.776. quove modo possent offecto lumine obire 5.777. et neque opitis tenebris obducere terras, 5.778. cum quasi conivent et aperto lumine rursum 5.779. omnia convisunt clara loca candida luce, 5.780. nunc redeo ad mundi novitatem et mollia terrae 5.781. arva, novo fetu quid primum in luminis oras 5.782. tollere et incertis crerint committere ventis. 5.783. Principio genus herbarum viridemque nitorem 5.784. terra dedit circum collis camposque per omnis, 5.785. florida fulserunt viridanti prata colore, 5.786. arboribusque datumst variis exinde per auras 5.787. crescendi magnum inmissis certamen habenis. 5.788. ut pluma atque pili primum saetaeque creantur 5.789. quadripedum membris et corpore pennipotentum, 5.790. sic nova tum tellus herbas virgultaque primum 5.791. sustulit, inde loci mortalia saecla creavit 5.792. multa modis multis varia ratione coorta. 5.793. nam neque de caelo cecidisse animalia possunt, 5.794. nec terrestria de salsis exisse lacunis. 5.795. linquitur ut merito maternum nomen adepta 5.796. terra sit, e terra quoniam sunt cuncta creata. 5.797. multaque nunc etiam existunt animalia terris 5.798. imbribus et calido solis concreta vapore; 5.799. quo minus est mirum, si tum sunt plura coorta 5.800. et maiora, nova tellure atque aethere adulta. 5.801. principio genus alituum variaeque volucres 5.802. ova relinquebant exclusae tempore verno, 5.803. folliculos ut nunc teretis aestate cicadae 5.804. lincunt sponte sua victum vitamque petentes. 5.805. tum tibi terra dedit primum mortalia saecla. 5.806. multus enim calor atque umor superabat in arvis. 5.807. hoc ubi quaeque loci regio opportuna dabatur, 5.808. crescebant uteri terram radicibus apti; 5.809. quos ubi tempore maturo pate fecerat aetas 5.810. infantum, fugiens umorem aurasque petessens, 5.811. convertebat ibi natura foramina terrae 5.812. et sucum venis cogebat fundere apertis 5.813. consimilem lactis, sicut nunc femina quaeque 5.814. cum peperit, dulci repletur lacte, quod omnis 5.815. impetus in mammas convertitur ille alimenti. 5.816. terra cibum pueris, vestem vapor, herba cubile 5.817. praebebat multa et molli lanugine abundans. 5.818. at novitas mundi nec frigora dura ciebat 5.819. nec nimios aestus nec magnis viribus auras. 5.820. omnia enim pariter crescunt et robora sumunt. 5.821. Quare etiam atque etiam maternum nomen adepta 5.822. terra tenet merito, quoniam genus ipsa creavit 5.823. humanum atque animal prope certo tempore fudit 5.824. omne quod in magnis bacchatur montibus passim, 5.825. aeriasque aëriasque simul volucres variantibus formis. 5.826. sed quia finem aliquam pariendi debet habere, 5.827. destitit, ut mulier spatio defessa vetusto. 5.828. mutat enim mundi naturam totius aetas 5.829. ex alioque alius status excipere omnia debet 5.830. nec manet ulla sui similis res: omnia migrant, 5.831. omnia commutat natura et vertere cogit. 5.832. namque aliud putrescit et aevo debile languet, 5.833. porro aliud suc crescit et e contemptibus exit. 5.834. sic igitur mundi naturam totius aetas 5.835. mutat, et ex alio terram status excipit alter, 5.836. quod potuit nequeat, possit quod non tulit ante. 5.837. Multaque tum tellus etiam portenta creare 5.838. conatast mira facie membrisque coorta, 5.839. androgynem, interutras necutrumque utrimque remotum, 5.840. orba pedum partim, manuum viduata vicissim, 5.841. muta sine ore etiam, sine voltu caeca reperta, 5.842. vinctaque membrorum per totum corpus adhaesu, 5.843. nec facere ut possent quicquam nec cedere quoquam 5.844. nec vitare malum nec sumere quod volet usus. 5.845. cetera de genere hoc monstra ac portenta creabat, 5.846. ne quiquam, quoniam natura absterruit auctum 5.847. nec potuere cupitum aetatis tangere florem 5.848. nec reperire cibum nec iungi per Veneris res. 5.849. multa videmus enim rebus concurrere debere, 5.850. ut propagando possint procudere saecla; 5.851. pabula primum ut sint, genitalia deinde per artus 5.852. semina qua possint membris manare remissis, 5.853. feminaque ut maribus coniungi possit, habere, 5.854. mutua qui mutent inter se gaudia uterque. 5.855. Multaque tum interiisse animantum saecla necessest 5.856. nec potuisse propagando procudere prolem. 5.857. nam quae cumque vides vesci vitalibus auris, 5.858. aut dolus aut virtus aut denique mobilitas est 5.859. ex ineunte aevo genus id tuta TA reservans. 5.860. multaque sunt, nobis ex utilitate sua quae 5.861. commendata manent, tutelae tradita nostrae. 5.862. principio genus acre leonum saevaque saecla 5.863. tutatast virtus, volpes dolus et fuga cervos. 5.864. at levisomna canum fido cum pectore corda, 5.865. et genus omne quod est veterino semine partum 5.866. lanigeraeque simul pecudes et bucera saecla 5.867. omnia sunt hominum tutelae tradita, Memmi; 5.868. nam cupide fugere feras pacemque secuta 5.869. sunt et larga suo sine pabula parta labore, 5.870. quae damus utilitatis eorum praemia causa. 5.871. at quis nil horum tribuit natura, nec ipsa 5.872. sponte sua possent ut vivere nec dare nobis 5.873. utilitatem aliquam, quare pateremur eorum 5.874. praesidio nostro pasci genus esseque tutum, 5.875. scilicet haec aliis praedae lucroque iacebant 5.876. indupedita suis fatalibus omnia vinclis, 5.877. donec ad interitum genus id natura redegit. 5.878. Sed neque Centauri fuerunt nec tempore in ullo 5.879. esse queunt duplici natura et corpore bino 5.880. ex alienigenis membris compacta, potestas 5.881. hinc illinc partis ut sat par esse potissit. 5.882. id licet hinc quamvis hebeti cognoscere corde. 5.883. principio circum tribus actis impiger annis 5.884. floret equus, puer haut quaquam; nam saepe etiam nunc 5.885. ubera mammarum in somnis lactantia quaeret. 5.886. post ubi equum validae vires aetate senecta 5.887. membraque deficiunt fugienti languida vita, 5.888. tum demum puerili aevo florenta iuventas 5.889. officit et molli vestit lanugine malas; 5.890. ne forte ex homine et veterino semine equorum 5.891. confieri credas Centauros posse neque esse, 5.892. aut rapidis canibus succinctas semimarinis 5.893. corporibus Scyllas et cetera de genere horum, 5.894. inter se quorum discordia membra videmus; 5.895. quae neque florescunt pariter nec robora sumunt 5.896. corporibus neque proiciunt aetate senecta 5.897. nec simili Venere ardescunt nec moribus unis 5.898. conveniunt neque sunt eadem iucunda per artus. 5.899. quippe videre licet pinguescere saepe cicuta 5.900. barbigeras pecudes, homini quae est acre venenum. 5.901. flamma quidem vero cum corpora fulva leonum 5.902. tam soleat torrere atque urere quam genus omne 5.903. visceris in terris quod cumque et sanguinis extet, 5.904. qui fieri potuit, triplici cum corpore ut una, 5.905. prima leo, postrema draco, media ipsa, Chimaera 5.906. ore foras acrem flaret de corpore flammam? 5.907. quare etiam tellure nova caeloque recenti 5.908. talia qui fingit potuisse animalia gigni, 5.909. nixus in hoc uno novitatis nomine ii, 5.910. multa licet simili ratione effutiat ore, 5.911. aurea tum dicat per terras flumina vulgo 5.912. fluxisse et gemmis florere arbusta suesse suësse 5.913. aut hominem tanto membrorum esse impete natum, 5.914. trans maria alta pedum nisus ut ponere posset 5.915. et manibus totum circum se vertere caelum. 5.916. nam quod multa fuere in terris semina rerum, 5.917. tempore quo primum tellus animalia fudit, 5.918. nil tamen est signi mixtas potuisse creari 5.919. inter se pecudes compactaque membra animantum, 5.920. propterea quia quae de terris nunc quoque abundant 5.921. herbarum genera ac fruges arbustaque laeta 5.922. non tamen inter se possunt complexa creari, 5.923. sed res quaeque suo ritu procedit et omnes 5.924. foedere naturae certo discrimina servant. 5.925. Et genus humanum multo fuit illud in arvis 5.926. durius, ut decuit, tellus quod dura creasset, 5.927. et maioribus et solidis magis ossibus intus 5.928. fundatum, validis aptum per viscera nervis, 5.929. nec facile ex aestu nec frigore quod caperetur 5.930. nec novitate cibi nec labi corporis ulla. 5.931. multaque per caelum solis volventia lustra 5.932. volgivago vitam tractabant more ferarum. 5.933. nec robustus erat curvi moderator aratri 5.934. quisquam, nec scibat ferro molirier arva 5.935. nec nova defodere in terram virgulta neque altis 5.936. arboribus veteres decidere falcibus ramos. 5.937. quod sol atque imbres dederant, quod terra crearat 5.938. sponte sua, satis id placabat pectora donum. 5.939. glandiferas inter curabant corpora quercus 5.940. plerumque; et quae nunc hiberno tempore cernis 5.941. arbita puniceo fieri matura colore, 5.942. plurima tum tellus etiam maiora ferebat. 5.943. multaque praeterea novitas tum florida mundi 5.944. pabula dura tulit, miseris mortalibus ampla. 5.945. at sedare sitim fluvii fontesque vocabant, 5.946. ut nunc montibus e magnis decursus aquai 5.947. claricitat late sitientia saecla ferarum. 5.948. denique nota vagis silvestria templa tenebant 5.949. nympharum, quibus e scibant umore fluenta 5.950. lubrica proluvie larga lavere umida saxa, 5.951. umida saxa, super viridi stillantia musco, 5.952. et partim plano scatere atque erumpere campo. 5.953. necdum res igni scibant tractare neque uti 5.954. pellibus et spoliis corpus vestire ferarum, 5.955. sed nemora atque cavos montis silvasque colebant 5.956. et frutices inter condebant squalida membra 5.957. verbera ventorum vitare imbrisque coacti. 5.958. nec commune bonum poterant spectare neque ullis 5.959. moribus inter se scibant nec legibus uti. 5.960. quod cuique obtulerat praedae fortuna, ferebat 5.961. sponte sua sibi quisque valere et vivere doctus. 5.962. et Venus in silvis iungebat corpora amantum; 5.963. conciliabat enim vel mutua quamque cupido 5.964. vel violenta viri vis atque inpensa libido 5.965. vel pretium, glandes atque arbita vel pira lecta. 5.966. et manuum mira freti virtute pedumque 5.967. consectabantur silvestria saecla ferarum 5.968. missilibus saxis et magno pondere clavae. 5.969. multaque vincebant, vitabant pauca latebris; 5.970. saetigerisque pares subus silvestria membra 5.971. nuda dabant terrae nocturno tempore capti, 5.972. circum se foliis ac frondibus involventes. 5.973. nec plangore diem magno solemque per agros 5.974. quaerebant pavidi palantes noctis in umbris, 5.975. sed taciti respectabant somnoque sepulti, 5.976. dum rosea face sol inferret lumina caelo. 5.977. a parvis quod enim consuerant cernere semper 5.978. alterno tenebras et lucem tempore gigni, 5.979. non erat ut fieri posset mirarier umquam 5.980. nec diffidere, ne terras aeterna teneret 5.981. nox in perpetuum detracto lumine solis. 5.982. sed magis illud erat curae, quod saecla ferarum 5.983. infestam miseris faciebant saepe quietem. 5.984. eiectique domo fugiebant saxea tecta 5.985. spumigeri suis adventu validique leonis 5.986. atque intempesta cedebant nocte paventes 5.987. hospitibus saevis instrata cubilia fronde. 5.988. Nec nimio tum plus quam nunc mortalia saecla 5.989. dulcia linquebant lamentis lumina vitae. 5.990. unus enim tum quisque magis deprensus eorum 5.991. pabula viva feris praebebat, dentibus haustus, 5.992. et nemora ac montis gemitu silvasque replebat 5.993. viva videns vivo sepeliri viscera busto. 5.994. at quos effugium servarat corpore adeso, 5.995. posterius tremulas super ulcera tetra tenentes 5.996. palmas horriferis accibant vocibus Orcum, 5.997. donique eos vita privarant vermina saeva 5.998. expertis opis, ignaros quid volnera vellent. 5.999. at non multa virum sub signis milia ducta 5.1000. una dies dabat exitio nec turbida ponti 5.1001. aequora lidebant navis ad saxa virosque. 5.1002. nam temere in cassum frustra mare saepe coortum 5.1003. saevibat leviterque minas ponebat iis, 5.1004. nec poterat quemquam placidi pellacia ponti 5.1005. subdola pellicere in fraudem ridentibus undis. 5.1006. improba navigii ratio tum caeca iacebat. 5.1007. tum penuria deinde cibi languentia leto 5.1008. membra dabat, contra nunc rerum copia mersat. 5.1009. illi inprudentes ipsi sibi saepe venenum 5.1010. vergebant, nunc dant aliis sollertius ipsi. 5.1011. Inde casas postquam ac pellis ignemque pararunt 5.1012. et mulier coniuncta viro concessit in unum 5.1013. cognita sunt, prolemque ex se videre creatam, 5.1014. tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit. 5.1015. ignis enim curavit, ut alsia corpora frigus 5.1016. non ita iam possent caeli sub tegmine ferre, 5.1017. et Venus inminuit viris puerique parentum 5.1018. blanditiis facile ingenium fregere superbum. 5.1019. tunc et amicitiem coeperunt iungere aventes 5.1020. finitimi inter se nec laedere nec violari, 5.1021. et pueros commendarunt muliebreque saeclum, 5.1022. vocibus et gestu cum balbe significarent 5.1023. imbecillorum esse aequum misererier omnis. 5.1024. nec tamen omnimodis poterat concordia gigni, 5.1025. sed bona magnaque pars servabat foedera caste; 5.1026. aut genus humanum iam tum foret omne peremptum 5.1027. nec potuisset adhuc perducere saecla propago. 5.1028. At varios linguae sonitus natura subegit 5.1029. mittere et utilitas expressit nomina rerum, 5.1030. non alia longe ratione atque ipsa videtur 5.1031. protrahere ad gestum pueros infantia linguae, 5.1032. cum facit ut digito quae sint praesentia monstrent. 5.1033. sentit enim vim quisque suam quod possit abuti. 5.1034. cornua nata prius vitulo quam frontibus extent, 5.1035. illis iratus petit atque infestus inurget. 5.1036. at catuli pantherarum scymnique leonum 5.1037. unguibus ac pedibus iam tum morsuque repugt, 5.1038. vix etiam cum sunt dentes unguesque creati. 5.1039. alituum porro genus alis omne videmus 5.1040. fidere et a pennis tremulum petere auxiliatum. 5.1041. proinde putare aliquem tum nomina distribuisse 5.1042. rebus et inde homines didicisse vocabula prima, 5.1043. desiperest. nam cur hic posset cuncta notare 5.1044. vocibus et varios sonitus emittere linguae, 5.1045. tempore eodem alii facere id non quisse putentur? 5.1046. praeterea si non alii quoque vocibus usi 5.1047. inter se fuerant, unde insita notities est 5.1048. utilitatis et unde data est huic prima potestas, 5.1049. quid vellet facere ut sciret animoque videret? 5.1050. cogere item pluris unus victosque domare 5.1051. non poterat, rerum ut perdiscere nomina vellent. 5.1052. nec ratione docere ulla suadereque surdis, 5.1053. quid sit opus facto, facilest; neque enim paterentur 5.1054. nec ratione ulla sibi ferrent amplius auris 5.1055. vocis inauditos sonitus obtundere frustra. 5.1056. postremo quid in hac mirabile tantoperest re, 5.1057. si genus humanum, cui vox et lingua vigeret, 5.1058. pro vario sensu varia res voce notaret? 5.1059. cum pecudes mutae, cum denique saecla ferarum 5.1060. dissimilis soleant voces variasque ciere, 5.1061. cum metus aut dolor est et cum iam gaudia gliscunt. 5.1062. quippe et enim licet id rebus cognoscere apertis. 5.1063. inritata canum cum primum magna Molossum 5.1064. mollia ricta fremunt duros nudantia dentes, 5.1065. longe alio sonitu rabies re stricta minatur, 5.1066. et cum iam latrant et vocibus omnia complent; 5.1067. at catulos blande cum lingua lambere temptant 5.1068. aut ubi eos lactant, pedibus morsuque potentes 5.1069. suspensis teneros imitantur dentibus haustus, 5.1070. longe alio pacto gannitu vocis adulant, 5.1071. et cum deserti baubantur in aedibus, aut cum 5.1072. plorantis fugiunt summisso corpore plagas. 5.1073. denique non hinnitus item differre videtur, 5.1074. inter equas ubi equus florenti aetate iuvencus 5.1075. pinnigeri saevit calcaribus ictus Amoris 5.1076. et fremitum patulis sub naribus edit ad arma, 5.1077. et cum sic alias concussis artibus hinnit? 5.1078. postremo genus alituum variaeque volucres, 5.1079. accipitres atque ossifragae mergique marinis 5.1080. fluctibus in salso victum vitamque petentes, 5.1081. longe alias alio iaciunt in tempore voces, 5.1082. et quom de victu certant praedaque repugt. 5.1083. et partim mutant cum tempestatibus una 5.1084. raucisonos cantus, cornicum ut saecla vetusta 5.1085. corvorumque gregis ubi aquam dicuntur et imbris 5.1086. poscere et inter dum ventos aurasque vocare. 5.1087. ergo si varii sensus animalia cogunt, 5.1088. muta tamen cum sint, varias emittere voces, 5.1089. quanto mortalis magis aequumst tum potuisse 5.1090. dissimilis alia atque alia res voce notare! 5.1091. Illud in his rebus tacitus ne forte requiras, 5.1092. fulmen detulit in terram mortalibus ignem 5.1093. primitus, inde omnis flammarum diditur ardor; 5.1094. multa videmus enim caelestibus insita flammis 5.1095. fulgere, cum caeli donavit plaga vaporis. 5.1096. et ramosa tamen cum ventis pulsa vacillans 5.1097. aestuat in ramos incumbens arboris arbor, 5.1098. exprimitur validis extritus viribus ignis, 5.1099. emicat inter dum flammai fervidus ardor, 5.1100. mutua dum inter se rami stirpesque teruntur. 5.1101. quorum utrumque dedisse potest mortalibus ignem. 5.1102. inde cibum quoquere ac flammae mollire vapore 5.1103. sol docuit, quoniam mitescere multa videbant 5.1104. verberibus radiorum atque aestu victa per agros. 5.1105. Inque dies magis hi victum vitamque priorem 5.1106. commutare novis monstrabant rebus et igni, 5.1107. ingenio qui praestabant et corde vigebant. 5.1108. condere coeperunt urbis arcemque locare 5.1109. praesidium reges ipsi sibi perfugiumque, 5.1110. et pecudes et agros divisere atque dedere 5.1111. pro facie cuiusque et viribus ingenioque; 5.1112. nam facies multum valuit viresque vigebant. 5.1113. posterius res inventast aurumque repertum, 5.1114. quod facile et validis et pulchris dempsit honorem; 5.1115. divitioris enim sectam plerumque secuntur 5.1116. quam lubet et fortes et pulchro corpore creti. 5.1117. quod siquis vera vitam ratione gubernet, 5.1118. divitiae grandes homini sunt vivere parce 5.1119. aequo animo; neque enim est umquam penuria parvi. 5.1120. at claros homines voluerunt se atque potentes, 5.1121. ut fundamento stabili fortuna maneret 5.1122. et placidam possent opulenti degere vitam, 5.1123. ne quiquam, quoniam ad summum succedere honorem 5.1124. certantes iter infestum fecere viai, 5.1125. et tamen e summo, quasi fulmen, deicit ictos 5.1126. invidia inter dum contemptim in Tartara taetra; 5.1127. invidia quoniam ceu fulmine summa vaporant 5.1128. plerumque et quae sunt aliis magis edita cumque; 5.1129. ut satius multo iam sit parere quietum 5.1130. quam regere imperio res velle et regna tenere. 5.1131. proinde sine in cassum defessi sanguine sudent, 5.1132. angustum per iter luctantes ambitionis; 5.1133. quandoquidem sapiunt alieno ex ore petuntque 5.1134. res ex auditis potius quam sensibus ipsis, 5.1135. nec magis id nunc est neque erit mox quam fuit ante. 5.1136. Ergo regibus occisis subversa iacebat 5.1137. pristina maiestas soliorum et sceptra superba, 5.1138. et capitis summi praeclarum insigne cruentum 5.1139. sub pedibus vulgi magnum lugebat honorem; 5.1140. nam cupide conculcatur nimis ante metutum. 5.1141. res itaque ad summam faecem turbasque redibat, 5.1142. imperium sibi cum ac summatum quisque petebat. 5.1143. inde magistratum partim docuere creare 5.1144. iuraque constituere, ut vellent legibus uti. 5.1145. nam genus humanum, defessum vi colere aevom, 5.1146. ex inimicitiis languebat; quo magis ipsum 5.1147. sponte sua cecidit sub leges artaque iura. 5.1148. acrius ex ira quod enim se quisque parabat 5.1149. ulcisci quam nunc concessumst legibus aequis, 5.1150. hanc ob rem est homines pertaesum vi colere aevom. 5.1151. inde metus maculat poenarum praemia vitae. 5.1152. circumretit enim vis atque iniuria quemque 5.1153. atque unde exortast, ad eum plerumque revertit, 5.1154. nec facilest placidam ac pacatam degere vitam 5.1155. qui violat factis communia foedera pacis. 5.1156. etsi fallit enim divom genus humanumque, 5.1157. perpetuo tamen id fore clam diffidere debet; 5.1158. quippe ubi se multi per somnia saepe loquentes 5.1159. aut morbo delirantes protraxe ferantur 5.1160. et celata mala in medium et peccata dedisse. 5.1161. Nunc quae causa deum per magnas numina gentis 5.1162. pervulgarit et ararum compleverit urbis 5.1163. suscipiendaque curarit sollemnia sacra, 5.1164. quae nunc in magnis florent sacra rebus locisque, 5.1165. unde etiam nunc est mortalibus insitus horror, 5.1166. qui delubra deum nova toto suscitat orbi 5.1167. terrarum et festis cogit celebrare diebus, 5.1168. non ita difficilest rationem reddere verbis. 5.1169. quippe etenim iam tum divom mortalia saecla 5.1170. egregias animo facies vigilante videbant 5.1171. et magis in somnis mirando corporis auctu. 5.1172. his igitur sensum tribuebant propterea quod 5.1173. membra movere videbantur vocesque superbas 5.1174. mittere pro facie praeclara et viribus amplis. 5.1175. aeternamque dabant vitam, quia semper eorum 5.1176. subpeditabatur facies et forma manebat, 5.1177. et tamen omnino quod tantis viribus auctos 5.1178. non temere ulla vi convinci posse putabant. 5.1179. fortunisque ideo longe praestare putabant, 5.1180. quod mortis timor haut quemquam vexaret eorum, 5.1181. et simul in somnis quia multa et mira videbant 5.1182. efficere et nullum capere ipsos inde laborem. 5.1183. praeterea caeli rationes ordine certo 5.1184. et varia annorum cernebant tempora verti 5.1185. nec poterant quibus id fieret cognoscere causis. 5.1186. ergo perfugium sibi habebant omnia divis 5.1187. tradere et illorum nutu facere omnia flecti. 5.1188. in caeloque deum sedes et templa locarunt, 5.1189. per caelum volvi quia nox et luna videtur, 5.1190. luna dies et nox et noctis signa severa 5.1191. noctivagaeque faces caeli flammaeque volantes, 5.1192. nubila sol imbres nix venti fulmina grando 5.1193. et rapidi fremitus et murmura magna minarum. 5.1194. O genus infelix humanum, talia divis 5.1195. cum tribuit facta atque iras adiunxit acerbas! 5.1196. quantos tum gemitus ipsi sibi, quantaque nobis 5.1197. volnera, quas lacrimas peperere minoribus nostris! 5.1198. nec pietas ullast velatum saepe videri 5.1199. vertier ad lapidem atque omnis accedere ad aras 5.1200. nec procumbere humi prostratum et pandere palmas 5.1201. ante deum delubra nec aras sanguine multo 5.1202. spargere quadrupedum nec votis nectere vota, 5.1203. sed mage pacata posse omnia mente tueri. 5.1204. nam cum suspicimus magni caelestia mundi 5.1205. templa super stellisque micantibus aethera fixum, 5.1206. et venit in mentem solis lunaeque viarum, 5.1207. tunc aliis oppressa malis in pectora cura 5.1208. illa quoque expergefactum caput erigere infit, 5.1209. ne quae forte deum nobis inmensa potestas 5.1210. sit, vario motu quae candida sidera verset; 5.1211. temptat enim dubiam mentem rationis egestas, 5.1212. ecquae nam fuerit mundi genitalis origo, 5.1213. et simul ecquae sit finis, quoad moenia mundi 5.1214. et taciti motus hunc possint ferre laborem, 5.1215. an divinitus aeterna donata salute 5.1216. perpetuo possint aevi labentia tractu 5.1217. inmensi validas aevi contemnere viris. 5.1218. praeterea cui non animus formidine divum 5.1219. contrahitur, cui non correpunt membra pavore, 5.1220. fulminis horribili cum plaga torrida tellus 5.1221. contremit et magnum percurrunt murmura caelum? 5.1222. non populi gentesque tremunt, regesque superbi 5.1223. corripiunt divum percussi membra timore, 5.1224. ne quod ob admissum foede dictumve superbe 5.1225. poenarum grave sit solvendi tempus adauctum? 5.1226. summa etiam cum vis violenti per mare venti 5.1227. induperatorem classis super aequora verrit 5.1228. cum validis pariter legionibus atque elephantis, 5.1229. non divom pacem votis adit ac prece quaesit 5.1230. ventorum pavidus paces animasque secundas? 5.1231. ne quiquam, quoniam violento turbine saepe 5.1232. correptus nihilo fertur minus ad vada leti. 5.1233. usque adeo res humanas vis abdita quaedam 5.1234. opterit et pulchros fascis saevasque secures 5.1235. proculcare ac ludibrio sibi habere videtur. 5.1236. denique sub pedibus tellus cum tota vacillat 5.1237. concussaeque cadunt urbes dubiaeque mitur, 5.1238. quid mirum si se temnunt mortalia saecla 5.1239. atque potestatis magnas mirasque relinquunt 5.1240. in rebus viris divum, quae cuncta gubernent? 5.1241. Quod super est, ae s at que aurum ferrumque repertumst 5.1242. et simul argenti pondus plumbique potestas, 5.1243. ignis ubi ingentis silvas ardore cremarat 5.1244. montibus in magnis, seu caelo fulmine misso, 5.1245. sive quod inter se bellum silvestre gerentes 5.1246. hostibus intulerant ignem formidinis ergo, 5.1247. sive quod inducti terrae bonitate volebant 5.1248. pandere agros pinguis et pascua reddere rura, 5.1249. sive feras interficere et ditescere praeda; 5.1250. nam fovea atque igni prius est venarier ortum 5.1251. quam saepire plagis saltum canibusque ciere. 5.1252. quicquid id est, qua cumque e causa flammeus ardor 5.1253. horribili sonitu silvas exederat altis 5.1254. a radicibus et terram percoxerat igni, 5.1255. manabat venis ferventibus in loca terrae 5.1256. concava conveniens argenti rivus et auri, 5.1257. aeris item et plumbi. quae cum concreta videbant 5.1258. posterius claro in terra splendere colore, 5.1259. tollebant nitido capti levique lepore, 5.1260. et simili formata videbant esse figura 5.1261. atque lacunarum fuerant vestigia cuique. 5.1262. tum penetrabat eos posse haec liquefacta calore 5.1263. quamlibet in formam et faciem decurrere rerum, 5.1264. et prorsum quamvis in acuta ac tenvia posse 5.1265. mucronum duci fastigia procudendo, 5.1266. ut sibi tela parent silvasque ut caedere possint 5.1267. materiemque dolare et levia radere tigna 5.1268. et terebrare etiam ac pertundere perque forare. 5.1269. nec minus argento facere haec auroque parabant 5.1270. quam validi primum violentis viribus aeris, 5.1271. ne quiquam, quoniam cedebat victa potestas 5.1272. nec poterant pariter durum sufferre laborem. 5.1273. nam fuit in pretio magis aes aurumque iacebat 5.1274. propter inutilitatem hebeti mucrone retusum; 5.1275. nunc iacet aes, aurum in summum successit honorem. 5.1276. sic volvenda aetas commutat tempora rerum. 5.1277. quod fuit in pretio, fit nullo denique honore; 5.1278. porro aliud succedit et e contemptibus exit 5.1279. inque dies magis adpetitur floretque repertum 5.1280. laudibus et miro est mortalis inter honore. 5.1281. Nunc tibi quo pacto ferri natura reperta 5.1282. sit facilest ipsi per te cognoscere, Memmi. 5.1283. arma antiqua manus ungues dentesque fuerunt 5.1284. et lapides et item silvarum fragmina rami 5.1285. et flamma atque ignes, post quam sunt cognita primum. 5.1286. posterius ferri vis est aerisque reperta. 5.1287. et prior aeris erat quam ferri cognitus usus, 5.1288. quo facilis magis est natura et copia maior. 5.1289. aere solum terrae tractabant, aereque belli 5.1290. miscebant fluctus et vulnera vasta serebant 5.1291. et pecus atque agros adimebant; nam facile ollis 5.1292. omnia cedebant armatis nuda et inerma. 5.1293. inde minutatim processit ferreus ensis 5.1294. versaque in obprobrium species est falcis ahenae, 5.1295. et ferro coepere solum proscindere terrae 5.1296. exaequataque sunt creperi certamina belli. 5.1297. et prius est armatum in equi conscendere costas 5.1298. et moderarier hunc frenis dextraque vigere 5.1299. quam biiugo curru belli temptare pericla. 5.1300. et biiugo prius est quam bis coniungere binos 5.1301. et quam falciferos armatum escendere currus. 5.1302. inde boves Lucas turrito corpore, tetras, 5.1303. anguimanus, belli docuerunt volnera Poeni 5.1304. sufferre et magnas Martis turbare catervas. 5.1305. sic alid ex alio peperit discordia tristis, 5.1306. horribile humanis quod gentibus esset in armis, 5.1307. inque dies belli terroribus addidit augmen. 5.1308. Temptarunt etiam tauros in moenere belli 5.1309. expertique sues saevos sunt mittere in hostis. 5.1310. et validos partim prae se misere leones 5.1311. cum doctoribus armatis saevisque magistris, 5.1312. qui moderarier his possent vinclisque tenere, 5.1313. ne quiquam, quoniam permixta caede calentes 5.1314. turbabant saevi nullo discrimine turmas, 5.1315. terrificas capitum quatientis undique cristas, 5.1316. nec poterant equites fremitu perterrita equorum 5.1317. pectora mulcere et frenis convertere in hostis. 5.1318. inritata leae iaciebant corpora saltu 5.1319. undique et adversum venientibus ora patebant 5.1320. et nec opitis a tergo deripiebant 5.1321. deplexaeque dabant in terram volnere victos, 5.1322. morsibus adfixae validis atque unguibus uncis. 5.1323. iactabantque suos tauri pedibusque terebant 5.1324. et latera ac ventres hauribant supter equorum 5.1325. cornibus et terram minitanti mente ruebant. 5.1326. et validis socios caedebant dentibus apri 5.1327. tela infracta suo tinguentes sanguine saevi 5.1328. in se fracta suo tinguentes sanguine tela, 5.1329. permixtasque dabant equitum peditumque ruinas. 5.1330. nam transversa feros exibant dentis adactus 5.1331. iumenta aut pedibus ventos erecta petebant, 5.1332. ne quiquam, quoniam ab nervis succisa videres 5.1333. concidere atque gravi terram consternere casu. 5.1334. si quos ante domi domitos satis esse putabant, 5.1335. effervescere cernebant in rebus agundis 5.1336. volneribus clamore fuga terrore tumultu, 5.1337. nec poterant ullam partem redducere eorum; 5.1338. diffugiebat enim varium genus omne ferarum, 5.1339. ut nunc saepe boves Lucae ferro male mactae 5.1340. diffugiunt, fera facta suis cum multa dedere. 5.1341. Sed facere id non tam vincendi spe voluerunt; 5.1342. quam dare quod gemerent hostes, ipsique perire, 5.1343. qui numero diffidebant armisque vacabant, 5.1344. si fuit ut facerent. sed vix adducor ut ante 5.1345. non quierint animo praesentire atque videre, 5.1346. quam commune malum fieret foedumque, futurum. 5.1347. et magis id possis factum contendere in omni 5.1348. in variis mundis varia ratione creatis, 5.1349. quam certo atque uno terrarum quolibet orbi. 5.1350. Nexilis ante fuit vestis quam textile tegmen. 5.1351. textile post ferrumst, quia ferro tela paratur, 5.1352. nec ratione alia possunt tam levia gigni 5.1353. insilia ac fusi, radii, scapique sotes. 5.1354. et facere ante viros lanam natura coegit coëgit 5.1355. quam muliebre genus; nam longe praestat in arte 5.1356. et sollertius est multo genus omne virile; 5.1357. agricolae donec vitio vertere severi, 5.1358. ut muliebribus id manibus concedere vellent 5.1359. atque ipsi pariter durum sufferre laborem 5.1360. atque opere in duro durarent membra manusque. 5.1361. At specimen sationis et insitionis origo 5.1362. ipsa fuit rerum primum natura creatrix, 5.1363. arboribus quoniam bacae glandesque caducae 5.1364. tempestiva dabant pullorum examina supter; 5.1365. unde etiam libitumst stirpis committere ramis 5.1366. et nova defodere in terram virgulta per agros. 5.1367. inde aliam atque aliam culturam dulcis agelli 5.1368. temptabant fructusque feros mansuescere terra 5.1369. cernebant indulgendo blandeque colendo. 5.1370. inque dies magis in montem succedere silvas 5.1371. cogebant infraque locum concedere cultis, 5.1372. prata lacus rivos segetes vinetaque laeta 5.1373. collibus et campis ut haberent, atque olearum 5.1374. caerula distinguens inter plaga currere posset 5.1375. per tumulos et convallis camposque profusa; 5.1376. ut nunc esse vides vario distincta lepore 5.1377. omnia, quae pomis intersita dulcibus ort 5.1378. arbustisque tenent felicibus opsita circum. 5.1379. At liquidas avium voces imitarier ore 5.1380. ante fuit multo quam levia carmina cantu 5.1381. concelebrare homines possent aurisque iuvare. 5.1382. et zephyri cava per calamorum sibila primum 5.1383. agrestis docuere cavas inflare cicutas. 5.1384. inde minutatim dulcis didicere querellas, 5.1385. tibia quas fundit digitis pulsata canentum, 5.1386. avia per nemora ac silvas saltusque reperta, 5.1387. per loca pastorum deserta atque otia dia. 5.1388. sic unum quicquid paulatim protrahit aetas 5.1389. in medium ratioque in luminis eruit oras. 5.1390. haec animos ollis mulcebant atque iuvabant 5.1391. cum satiate cibi; nam tum sunt omnia cordi. 5.1392. saepe itaque inter se prostrati in gramine molli 5.1393. propter aquae rivom sub ramis arboris altae. 5.1394. non magnis opibus iucunde corpora habebant, 5.1395. praesertim cum tempestas ridebat et anni 5.1396. tempora pingebant viridantis floribus herbas. 5.1397. tum ioca, tum sermo, tum dulces esse cachinni 5.1398. consuerant; agrestis enim tum musa vigebat. 5.1399. tum caput atque umeros plexis redimire coronis 5.1400. floribus et foliis lascivia laeta movebat, 5.1401. atque extra numerum procedere membra moventes 5.1402. duriter et duro terram pede pellere matrem; 5.1403. unde oriebantur risus dulcesque cachinni, 5.1404. omnia quod nova tum magis haec et mira vigebant. 5.1405. et vigilantibus hinc aderant solacia somno 5.1406. ducere multimodis voces et flectere cantus 5.1407. et supera calamos unco percurrere labro; 5.1408. unde etiam vigiles nunc haec accepta tuentur. 5.1409. et numerum servare genus didicere, neque hilo 5.1410. maiore interea capiunt dulcedine fructum 5.1411. quam silvestre genus capiebat terrigenarum. 5.1412. nam quod adest praesto, nisi quid cognovimus ante 5.1413. suavius, in primis placet et pollere videtur, 5.1414. posteriorque fere melior res illa reperta 5.1415. perdit et immutat sensus ad pristina quaeque. 5.1416. sic odium coepit glandis, sic illa relicta 5.1417. strata cubilia sunt herbis et frondibus aucta. 5.1418. pellis item cecidit vestis contempta ferina; 5.1419. quam reor invidia tali tunc esse repertam, 5.1420. ut letum insidiis qui gessit primus obiret, 5.1421. et tamen inter eos distractam sanguine multo 5.1422. disperiise neque in fructum convertere quisse. 5.1423. tunc igitur pelles, nunc aurum et purpura curis 5.1424. exercent hominum vitam belloque fatigant; 5.1425. quo magis in nobis, ut opinor, culpa resedit. 5.1426. frigus enim nudos sine pellibus excruciabat 5.1427. terrigenas; at nos nil laedit veste carere 5.1428. purpurea atque auro signisque ingentibus apta, 5.1429. dum plebeia tamen sit, quae defendere possit. 5.1430. Ergo hominum genus in cassum frustraque laborat 5.1431. semper et in curis consumit iibus aevom, 5.1432. ni mirum quia non cognovit quae sit habendi 5.1433. finis et omnino quoad crescat vera voluptas; 5.1434. idque minutatim vitam provexit in altum 5.1435. et belli magnos commovit funditus aestus. 5.1436. at vigiles mundi magnum versatile templum 5.1437. sol et luna suo lustrantes lumine circum 5.1438. perdocuere homines annorum tempora verti 5.1439. et certa ratione geri rem atque ordine certo. 5.1440. Iam validis saepti degebant turribus aevom, 5.1441. et divisa colebatur discretaque tellus, 5.1442. tum mare velivolis florebat navibus ponti, 5.1443. auxilia ac socios iam pacto foedere habebant, 5.1444. carminibus cum res gestas coepere poetae poëtae 5.1445. tradere; nec multo prius sunt elementa reperta. 5.1446. propterea quid sit prius actum respicere aetas 5.1447. nostra nequit, nisi qua ratio vestigia monstrat. 5.1448. Navigia atque agri culturas moenia leges 5.1449. arma vias vestes et cetera de genere horum, 5.1450. praemia, delicias quoque vitae funditus omnis, 5.1451. carmina, picturas et daedala signa polita 5.1452. usus et impigrae simul experientia mentis 5.1453. paulatim docuit pedetemptim progredientis. 5.1454. sic unum quicquid paulatim protrahit aetas 5.1455. in medium ratioque in luminis erigit oras; 5.1456. namque alid ex alio clarescere corde videbant, 5.1457. artibus ad summum donec venere cacumen.
14. Horace, Letters, 1.4.53-1.4.62 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, latin Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 109
15. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 1.7.2 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, latin Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 116
1.7.2.  I arrived in Italy at the very time that Augustus Caesar put an end to the civil war, in the middle of the one hundred and eighty-seventh Olympiad, and having from that time to this present day, a period of twenty-two years, lived at Rome, learned the language of the Romans and acquainted myself with their writings, I have devoted myself during all that time to matters bearing upon my subject.
16. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Letter To Pompeius Geminus, 3.14.12-3.14.15 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, latin Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 115, 116, 117
17. Vitruvius Pollio, On Architecture, None (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 94, 95, 96, 97
18. Sallust, Catiline, 3.2 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, latin Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 115
19. Juvenal, Satires, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 102
20. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 36.31 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 96
21. Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory, None (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE)  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 98
23. Strabo, Geography, 1.1.23, 6.4.2  Tagged with subjects: •body, metaphor for speech and text •body, metaphor for speech and text, greek •body, metaphor for speech and text, latin Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 102, 108
1.1.23. Having already compiled our Historical Memoirs, which, as we conceive, are a valuable addition both to political and moral philosophy, we have now determined to follow it up with the present work, which has been prepared on the same system as the former, and for the same class of readers, but more particularly for those who are in high stations of life. And as our former production contains only the most striking events in the lives of distinguished men, omitting trifling and unimportant incidents; so here it will be proper to dismiss small and doubtful particulars, and merely call attention to great and remarkable transactions, such in fact as are useful, memorable, and entertaining. In the colossal works of the sculptor we do not descend into a minute examination of particulars, but look principally for perfection in the general ensemble. This is the only method of criticism applicable to the present work. Its proportions, so to speak, are colossal; it deals in the generalities and main outlines of things, except now and then, when some minor detail can be selected, calculated to be serviceable to the seeker after knowledge, or the man of business. We now think we have demonstrated that our present undertaking is one that requires great care, and is well worthy of a philosopher. 6.4.2. Now if I must add to my account of Italy a summary account also of the Romans who took possession of it and equipped it as a base of operations for the universal hegemony, let me add as follows: After the founding of Rome, the Romans wisely continued for many generations under the rule of kings. Afterwards, because the last Tarquinius was a bad ruler, they ejected him, framed a government which was a mixture of monarchy and aristocracy, and dealt with the Sabini and Latini as with partners. But since they did not always find either them or the other neighboring peoples well intentioned, they were forced, in a way, to enlarge their own country by the dismemberment of that of the others. And in this way, while they were advancing and increasing little by little, it came to pass, contrary to the expectation of all, that they suddenly lost their city, although they also got it back contrary to expectation. This took place, as Polybius says, in the nineteenth year after the naval battle at Aegospotami, at the time of the Peace of Antalcidas. After having rid themselves of these enemies, the Romans first made all the Latini their subjects; then stopped the Tyrrheni and the Celti who lived about the Padus from their wide and unrestrained licence; then fought down the Samnitae, and, after them, the Tarantini and Pyrrhus; and then at last also the remainder of what is now Italy, except the part that is about the Padus. And while this part was still in a state of war, the Romans crossed over to Sicily, and on taking it away from the Carthaginians came back again to attack the peoples who lived about the Padus; and it was while that war was still in progress that Hannibal invaded Italy. This latter is the second war that occurred against the Carthaginians; and not long afterwards occurred the third, in which Carthage was destroyed; and at the same time the Romans acquired, not only Libya, but also as much of Iberia as they had taken away from the Carthaginians. But the Greeks, the Macedonians, and those peoples in Asia who lived this side the Halys River and the Taurus Mountains joined the Carthaginians in a revolution, and therefore at the same time the Romans were led on to a conquest of these peoples, whose kings were Antiochus, Philip, and Perseus. Further, those of the Illyrians and Thracians who were neighbors to the Greeks and the Macedonians began to carry on war against the Romans and kept on warring until the Romans had subdued all the tribes this side the Ister and this side the Halys. And the Iberians, Celti, and all the remaining peoples which now give ear to the Romans had the same experience. As for Iberia, the Romans did not stop reducing it by force of arms until they had subdued the of it, first, by driving out the Nomantini, and, later on, by destroying Viriathus and Sertorius, and, last of all, the Cantabri, who were subdued by Augustus Caesar. As for Celtica (I mean Celtica as a whole, both the Cisalpine and Transalpine, together with Liguria), the Romans at first brought it over to their side only part by part, from time to time, but later the Deified Caesar, and afterwards Augustus Caesar, acquired it all at once in a general war. But at the present time the Romans are carrying on war against the Germans, setting out from the Celtic regions as the most appropriate base of operations, and have already glorified the fatherland with some triumphs over them. As for Libya, so much of it as did not belong to the Carthaginians was turned over to kings who were subject to the Romans, and, if they ever revolted, they were deposed. But at the present time Juba has been invested with the rule, not only of Maurusia, but also of many parts of the rest of Libya, because of his loyalty and his friendship for the Romans. And the case of Asia was like that of Libya. At the outset it was administered through the agency of kings who were subject to the Romans, but from that time on, when their line failed, as was the case with the Attalic, Syrian, Paphlagonian, Cappadocian, and Egyptian kings, or when they would revolt and afterwards be deposed, as was the case with Mithridates Eupator and the Egyptian Cleopatra, all parts of it this side the Phasis and the Euphrates, except certain parts of Arabia, have been subject to the Romans and the rulers appointed by them. As for the Armenians, and the peoples who are situated above Colchis, both Albanians and Iberians, they require the presence only of men to lead them, and are excellent subjects, but because the Romans are engrossed by other affairs, they make attempts at revolution — as is the case with all the peoples who live beyond the Ister in the neighborhood of the Euxine, except those in the region of the Bosporus and the Nomads, for the people of the Bosporus are in subjection, whereas the Nomads, on account of their lack of intercourse with others, are of no use for anything and only require watching. Also the remaining parts of Asia, generally speaking, belong to the Tent-dwellers and the Nomads, who are very distant peoples. But as for the Parthians, although they have a common border with the Romans and also are very powerful, they have nevertheless yielded so far to the preeminence of the Romans and of the rulers of our time that they have sent to Rome the trophies which they once set up as a memorial of their victory over the Romans, and, what is more, Phraates has entrusted to Augustus Caesar his children and also his children's children, thus obsequiously making sure of Caesar's friendship by giving hostages; and the Parthians of today have often gone to Rome in quest of a man to be their king, and are now about ready to put their entire authority into the hands of the Romans. As for Italy itself, though it has often been torn by factions, at least since it has been under the Romans, and as for Rome itself, they have been prevented by the excellence of their form of government and of their rulers from proceeding too far in the ways of error and corruption. But it were a difficult thing to administer so great a dominion otherwise than by turning it over to one man, as to a father; at all events, never have the Romans and their allies thrived in such peace and plenty as that which was afforded them by Augustus Caesar, from the time he assumed the absolute authority, and is now being afforded them by his son and successor, Tiberius, who is making Augustus the model of his administration and decrees, as are his children, Germanicus and Drusus, who are assisting their father.
24. Diodorus of Sicily, Fr., None  Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Oksanish (2019), Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, Law in the Roman Provinces, 104, 105, 107, 108