| 1. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 22 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 641 |
2. Hebrew Bible, 2 Kings, 2.12, 6.21 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 429| 2.12. "וֶאֱלִישָׁע רֹאֶה וְהוּא מְצַעֵק אָבִי אָבִי רֶכֶב יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפָרָשָׁיו וְלֹא רָאָהוּ עוֹד וַיַּחֲזֵק בִּבְגָדָיו וַיִּקְרָעֵם לִשְׁנַיִם קְרָעִים׃", 6.21. "וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶל־אֱלִישָׁע כִּרְאֹתוֹ אוֹתָם הַאַכֶּה אַכֶּה אָבִי׃", | 2.12. "And Elisha saw it, and he cried: ‘My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and the horsemen thereof! ’ And he saw him no more; and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces.", 6.21. "And the king of Israel said unto Elisha, when he saw them: ‘My father, shall I smite them? shall I smite them?’", |
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3. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 14.37 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 429 | 14.37. A certain Razis, one of the elders of Jerusalem, was denounced to Nicanor as a man who loved his fellow citizens and was very well thought of and for his good will was called father of the Jews.' |
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4. Mishnah, Miqvaot, 2.10 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 429| 2.10. "מִקְוֶה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה מַיִם וָטִיט, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מַטְבִּילִין בַּמַּיִם וְאֵין מַטְבִּילִין בַּטִּיט. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, בַּמַּיִם וּבַטִּיט. בְּאֵיזֶה טִיט מַטְבִּילִין. בְּטִיט שֶׁהַמַּיִם צָפִים עַל גַּבָּיו. הָיוּ הַמַּיִם מִצַּד אֶחָד, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ שֶׁמַּטְבִּילִין בַּמַּיִם וְאֵין מַטְבִּילִין בַּטִּיט. בְּאֵיזֶה טִיט אָמְרוּ. בְּטִיט שֶׁהַקָּנֶה יוֹרֵד מֵאֵלָיו, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מְקוֹם שֶׁאֵין קְנֵה הַמִּדָּה עוֹמֵד. אַבָּא אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן דּוֹלְעַאי אוֹמֵר, מְקוֹם שֶׁהַמִּשְׁקֹלֶת יוֹרֶדֶת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַיּוֹרֵד בְּפִי חָבִית. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הַנִּכְנָס בִּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, הַנִּמְדָּד בַּלֹּג: \n", | 2.10. "A mikveh which contains forty seahs of water and mud [combined]: Rabbi Eliezer says: one may immerse objects in the water but one may not immerse them in the mud. But Rabbi Joshua says: in the water and also in the mud. In what kind of mud may objects be immersed? Mud over which water floats. If the water was on one side only, Rabbi Joshua agrees that objects may be immersed in the water but may not be immersed in the mud. of what kind of mud have they spoken? Mud into which a reed will sink of itself, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: [mud] in which a measuring-rod will not stand upright. Abba Elazar ben Dulai says: [mud] into which a plummet will sink. Rabbi Eliezer says: such as will go down into the mouth of a jar. Rabbi Shimon says: such as will enter into the tube of a water- skin. Rabbi Elazar bar Zadok says: such as can be measured in a log measure.", |
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5. Mishnah, Middot, 2.5-2.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 429| 2.5. "עֶזְרַת הַנָּשִׁים הָיְתָה אֹרֶךְ מֵאָה וּשְׁלשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ עַל רֹחַב מֵאָה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ. וְאַרְבַּע לְשָׁכוֹת הָיוּ בְאַרְבַּע מִקְצוֹעוֹתֶיהָ, שֶׁל אַרְבָּעִים אַרְבָּעִים אַמָּה. וְלֹא הָיוּ מְקוֹרוֹת. וְכָךְ הֵם עֲתִידִים לִהְיוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל מו), וַיּוֹצִיאֵנִי אֶל הֶחָצֵר הַחִיצוֹנָה וַיַּעֲבִירֵנִי אֶל אַרְבַּעַת מִקְצוֹעֵי הֶחָצֵר וְהִנֵּה חָצֵר בְּמִקְצֹעַ הֶחָצֵר, חָצֵר בְּמִקְצֹעַ הֶחָצֵר, בְּאַרְבַּעַת מִקְצֹעוֹת הֶחָצֵר חֲצֵרוֹת קְטֻרוֹת. וְאֵין קְטֻרוֹת אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵינָן מְקוֹרוֹת. וּמֶה הָיוּ מְשַׁמְּשׁוֹת. דְּרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית, הִיא הָיְתָה לִשְׁכַּת הַנְּזִירִים, שֶׁשָּׁם הַנְּזִירִים מְבַשְּׁלִין אֶת שַׁלְמֵיהֶן, וּמְגַלְּחִין אֶת שְׂעָרָן, וּמְשַׁלְּחִים תַּחַת הַדּוּד. מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית, הִיא הָיְתָה לִשְׁכַּת הָעֵצִים, שֶׁשָּׁם הַכֹּהֲנִים בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין מַתְלִיעִין הָעֵצִים. וְכָל עֵץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בוֹ תוֹלַעַת, פָּסוּל מֵעַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ. צְפוֹנִית מַעֲרָבִית, הִיא הָיְתָה לִשְׁכַּת מְצֹרָעִים. מַעֲרָבִית דְּרוֹמִית, אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב, שָׁכַחְתִּי מֶה הָיְתָה מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר, שָׁם הָיוּ נוֹתְנִין יַיִן וָשֶׁמֶן, הִיא הָיְתָה נִקְרֵאת לִשְׁכַּת בֵּית שְׁמַנְיָה. וַחֲלָקָה הָיְתָה בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה, וְהִקִּיפוּהָ כְצוֹצְרָה, שֶׁהַנָּשִׁים רוֹאוֹת מִלְמַעְלָן, וְהָאֲנָשִׁים מִלְּמַטָּן, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ מְעֹרָבִין. וַחֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה מַעֲלוֹת עוֹלוֹת מִתּוֹכָהּ לְעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, כְּנֶגֶד חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה מַעֲלוֹת שֶׁבַּתְּהִלִּים, שֶׁעֲלֵיהֶן הַלְוִיִּם אוֹמְרִים בַּשִּׁיר. לֹא הָיוּ טְרוּטוֹת, אֶלָּא מֻקָּפוֹת כַּחֲצִי גֹרֶן עֲגֻלָּה: \n", 2.6. "וּלְשָׁכוֹת הָיוּ תַחַת עֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, וּפְתוּחוֹת לְעֶזְרַת הַנָּשִׁים, שֶׁשָּׁם הַלְוִיִּם נוֹתְנִים כִּנּוֹרוֹת וּנְבָלִים וּמְצִלְתַּיִם וְכָל כְּלֵי שִׁיר. עֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל הָיְתָה אֹרֶךְ מֵאָה אַמָּה וּשְׁלשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ עַל רֹחַב אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה. וְכֵן עֶזְרַת כֹּהֲנִים הָיְתָה אֹרֶךְ מֵאָה וּשְׁלשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ עַל רֹחַב אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה. וְרָאשֵׁי פִסְפָּסִין מַבְדִּילִין בֵּין עֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעֶזְרַת הַכֹּהֲנִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, מַעֲלָה הָיְתָה שָׁם, וּגְבוֹהָה אַמָּה, וְהַדּוּכָן נָתוּן עָלֶיהָ, וּבָהּ שָׁלשׁ מַעֲלוֹת שֶׁל חֲצִי חֲצִי אַמָּה. נִמְצֵאת עֶזְרַת הַכֹּהֲנִים גְּבוֹהָה מֵעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל שְׁתֵּי אַמּוֹת וּמֶחֱצָה. כָּל הָעֲזָרָה הָיְתָה אֹרֶךְ מֵאָה וּשְׁמוֹנִים וָשֶׁבַע עַל רֹחַב מֵאָה וּשְׁלשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ. וּשְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיוֹת הָיוּ שָׁם. אַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶן חָנָן אוֹמֵר, כְּנֶגֶד שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר שְׁעָרִים. שְׁעָרִים דְּרוֹמִיִּים סְמוּכִים לַמַּעֲרָב, שַׁעַר הָעֶלְיוֹן, שַׁעַר הַדֶּלֶק, שַׁעַר הַבְּכוֹרוֹת, שַׁעַר הַמָּיִם, וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ שַׁעַר הַמַּיִם. שֶׁבּוֹ מַכְנִיסִין צְלוֹחִית שֶׁל מַיִם שֶׁל נִסּוּךְ בֶּחָג. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, וּבוֹ הַמַּיִם מְפַכִּים, וַעֲתִידִין לִהְיוֹת יוֹצְאִין מִתַּחַת מִפְתַּן הַבָּיִת. וּלְעֻמָּתָן בַּצָּפוֹן סְמוּכִים לַמַּעֲרָב, שַׁעַר יְכָנְיָה, שַׁעַר הַקָּרְבָּן, שַׁעַר הַנָּשִׁים, שַׁעַר הַשִּׁיר. וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ שַׁעַר יְכָנְיָה, שֶׁבּוֹ יָצָא יְכָנְיָה בְּגָלוּתוֹ. שֶׁבַּמִּזְרָח, שַׁעַר נִקָּנוֹר. וּשְׁנֵי פִשְׁפָּשִׁים הָיוּ לוֹ, אֶחָד מִימִינוֹ וְאֶחָד מִשְּׂמֹאלוֹ. וּשְׁנַיִם בַּמַעֲרָב, לֹא הָיָה לָהֶם שֵׁם: \n", | 2.5. "The courtyard of the women was a hundred and thirty-five cubits long by a hundred and thirty-five wide. It had four chambers in its four corners, each of which was forty cubits. They were not roofed, and so they will be in the time to come, as it says, “Then he brought me forth into the outer court, and caused me to pass by the four corners of the court, and behold in every corner of the court there was a court. In the four corners of the court there were keturot courts” (Ezekiel 46:21-22) and keturot means that they were not roofed. For what were they used? The southeastern one was the chamber of the Nazirites where the Nazirites used to boil their shelamim and shave their hair and throw it under the pot. The northeastern one was the wood chamber where priests with physical defects used to pick out the wood which had worms, every piece with a worm in it being unfit for use on the altar. The northwestern one was the chamber of those with skin disease. The southwestern one: Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob said: I forget what it was used for. Abba Shaul says: they used to store there wine and oil, and it was called the chamber of oil. It [the courtyard of the women] had originally been smooth [without protrusions in the walls] but subsequently they surrounded it with a balcony so that the women could look on from above while the men were below, and they should not mix together. Fifteen steps led up from it to the courtyard of Israel, corresponding to the fifteen [songs of] ascents mentioned in the Book of Psalms, and upon which the Levites used to sing. They were not rectangular but circular like the half of a threshing floor.", 2.6. "There were chambers underneath the Court of Israel which opened into the Court of Women, where the Levites used to keep lyres and lutes and cymbals and all kinds of musical instruments. The Court of Israel was a hundred and thirty-five cubits in length by eleven in breadth. Similarly the Court of the Priests was a hundred and thirty-five cubits in length by eleven in breadth. And a row of mosaic stones separated the Court of Israel from the Court of the Priests. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: there was a step a cubit high on which a platform was placed, and it had three steps each of half a cubit in height. In this way the Court of the Priests was made two and a half cubits higher than that of Israel. The whole of the Court was a hundred and eighty-seven cubits in length by a hundred and thirty-five in breadth. And thirteen prostrations were made there. Abba Yose ben Ha says: they were made facing the thirteen gates. On the south beginning from the west there were the upper gate, the gate of burning, the gate of the firstborn, and the water gate. And why was it called the water gate? Because they brought in through it the pitcher of water for libation on the festival. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: in it the water welled up, and in the time to come from there it will come out from under the threshold of the Temple. Corresponding to them in the north beginning in the west were the gate of Yehoniah, the gate of the offering, the women's gate, the gate of song. Why was it called the gate of Yehoniah? Because Yehoniah went forth into captivity through it. On the east was the gate of Nicanor; it had two doors, one on its right and one on its left (10 +. There were further two gates in the west which had no special name (12 +.", |
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6. Mishnah, Hagigah, 2.2 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •bet din Found in books: Sigal (2007) 99| 2.2. "יוֹסֵי בֶּן יוֹעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר שֶׁלֹּא לִסְמוֹךְ, יוֹסֵי בֶּן יוֹחָנָן אוֹמֵר לִסְמוֹךְ. יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן פְּרַחְיָה אוֹמֵר שֶׁלֹּא לִסְמוֹךְ, נִתַּאי הָאַרְבֵּלִי אוֹמֵר לִסְמוֹךְ. יְהוּדָה בֶּן טַבַּאי אוֹמֵר שֶׁלֹּא לִסְמוֹךְ, שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן שָׁטָח אוֹמֵר לִסְמוֹךְ. שְׁמַעְיָה אוֹמֵר לִסְמוֹךְ. אַבְטַלְיוֹן אוֹמֵר שֶׁלֹּא לִסְמוֹךְ. הִלֵּל וּמְנַחֵם לֹא נֶחְלְקוּ. יָצָא מְנַחֵם, נִכְנַס שַׁמַּאי. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר שֶׁלֹּא לִסְמוֹךְ, הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר לִסְמוֹךְ. הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הָיוּ נְשִׂיאִים, וּשְׁנִיִּים לָהֶם אַב בֵּית דִּין: \n", | 2.2. "Yose ben Yoezer says that [on a festival] the laying of the hands [on the head of a sacrifice] may not be performed. Yosef ben Joha says that it may be performed. Joshua ben Perahia says that it may not be performed. Nittai the Arbelite says that it may be performed. Judah ben Tabai says that it may not be performed. Shimon ben Shetah says that it may be performed. Shamayah says that it may be performed. Avtalyon says that it may not be performed. Hillel and Menahem did not dispute. Menahem went out, Shammai entered. Shammai says that it may not be performed. Hillel says that it may be performed. The former [of each] pair were patriarchs and the latter were heads of the court.", |
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7. Mishnah, Eduyot, 1.8-1.15, 2.4-2.10, 5.6, 7.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •bet din Found in books: Sigal (2007) 99| 1.8. "כַּרְשִׁינֵי תְרוּמָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִין וְשָׁפִין בְּטָהֳרָה, וּמַאֲכִילִין בְּטֻמְאָה. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שׁוֹרִין בְּטָהֳרָה, וְשָׁפִין וּמַאֲכִילִין בְּטֻמְאָה. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, יֵאָכְלוּ צָרִיד. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם בְּטֻמְאָה: \n", 1.9. "הַפּוֹרֵט סֶלַע מִמְּעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכָל הַסֶּלַע מָעוֹת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּשֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף וּבְשֶׁקֶל מָעוֹת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְחַלְּלִין כֶּסֶף וּפֵרוֹת עַל הַכֶּסֶף. וַחֲכָמִים מַתִּירִין: \n", 1.10. "הַפּוֹרֵט סֶלַע שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכָל הַסֶּלַע מָעוֹת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, בְּשֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף וּבְשֶׁקֶל מָעוֹת. הַדָּנִים לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִים כֶּסֶף וּבְדִינָר מָעוֹת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִים כֶּסֶף וּבִרְבִיעִית כֶּסֶף בִּרְבִיעִית מָעוֹת. וְרַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַרְבָּעָה אַסְפְּרֵי כָסֶף. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, יַנִּיחֶנָּה בַחֲנוּת וְיֹאכַל כְּנֶגְדָּהּ: \n", 1.11. "כִּסֵּא שֶׁל כַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חִפּוּיָיו, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף מַלְבֵּן שֶׁל כִּסֵּא טָמֵא. כִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַעֲרֵבָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף הֶעָשׂוּי בָּהּ: \n", 1.12. "אֵלּוּ דְבָרִים שֶׁחָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁבָּאָה מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם וְאָמְרָה מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּנָּשֵׂא. מֵת בַּעְלִי, תִּתְיַבֵּם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ אֶלָּא בְּבָאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר בִּלְבָד. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, אַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַקָּצִיר וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִן הַזֵּיתִים וְאַחַת הַבָּאָה מִמְּדִינַת הַיָּם, לֹא דִבְּרוּ בַקָּצִיר אֶלָּא בַהֹוֶה. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּבֵית שַׁמָּאי. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְתִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, תִּנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִטֹּל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, הִתַּרְתֶּם אֶת הָעֶרְוָה הַחֲמוּרָה, לֹא תַתִּירוּ אֶת הַמָּמוֹן הַקָּל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הִלֵּל, מָצִינוּ שֶׁאֵין הָאַחִים נִכְנָסִין לַנַּחֲלָה עַל פִּיהָ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, וַהֲלֹא מִסֵּפֶר כְּתֻבָּתָהּ נִלְמֹד, שֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב לָהּ, שֶׁאִם תִּנָּשְׂאִי לְאַחֵר, תִּטְּלִי מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב לִיךְ. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n", 1.13. "מִי שֶׁחֶצְיוֹ עֶבֶד וְחֶצְיוֹ בֶּן חוֹרִין, עוֹבֵד אֶת רַבּוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ יוֹם אֶחָד, דִּבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, תִּקַּנְתֶּם אֶת רַבּוֹ, וְאֶת עַצְמוֹ לֹא תִקַּנְתֶּם. לִשָּׂא שִׁפְחָה, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל. בַּת חוֹרִין, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל. לִבָּטֵל, וַהֲלֹא לֹא נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם אֶלָּא לִפְרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מה), לֹא תֹהוּ בְרָאָהּ לָשֶׁבֶת יְצָרָהּ. אֶלָּא, מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן הָעוֹלָם, כּוֹפִין אֶת רַבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתוֹ בֶן חוֹרִין וְכוֹתֵב שְׁטָר עַל חֲצִי דָמָיו. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּבֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n", 1.14. "כְּלִי חֶרֶס מַצִּיל עַל הַכֹּל, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית הִלֵּל. וּבֵית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מַצִּיל אֶלָּא עַל הָאֳכָלִין וְעַל הַמַּשְׁקִין וְעַל כְּלֵי חָרֶס. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הִלֵּל, מִפְּנֵי מָה. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא עַל גַּב עַם הָאָרֶץ, וְאֵין כְּלִי טָמֵא חוֹצֵץ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית הִלֵּל, וַהֲלֹא טִהַרְתֶּם אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, כְּשֶׁטִּהַרְנוּ אֳכָלִים וּמַשְׁקִין שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, לְעַצְמוֹ טִהַרְנוּ. אֲבָל כְּשֶׁטִּהַרְתָּ אֶת הַכְּלִי, טִהַרְתָּ לְךָ וָלוֹ. חָזְרוּ בֵית הִלֵּל לְהוֹרוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי: \n", 2.4. "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים בַּכֶּרֶם בְּיַבְנֶה. עַל בֵּיצָה טְרוּפָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל גַּבֵּי יָרָק שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁהִיא חִבּוּר. וְאִם הָיְתָה כְמִין כּוֹבַע, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר. וְעַל שִׁבֹּלֶת שֶׁבַּקָּצִיר וְרֹאשָׁהּ מַגִּיעַ לַקָּמָה, אִם נִקְצְרָה עִם הַקָּמָה, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, וְאִם לָאו, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁל עֲנִיִּים. וְעַל גִּנָּה קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִיא מֻקֶּפֶת עָרִיס, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ כִּמְלֹא בוֹצֵר וְסַלּוֹ מִכָּאן וּמְלֹא בוֹצֵר וְסַלּוֹ מִכָּאן, תִּזָּרֵעַ. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא תִזָּרֵעַ:", 2.5. "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, וְלֹא אָמַר בָּהֶם לֹא אִסּוּר וְהֶתֵּר, וּפֵרְשָׁן רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן מַתְיָא. הַמֵּפִיס מֻרְסָא בְּשַׁבָּת, אִם לַעֲשׂוֹת לָהּ פֶּה, חַיָּב, וְאִם לְהוֹצִיא מִמֶּנָּה לֵחָה, פָּטוּר. וְעַל הַצָּד נָחָשׁ בַּשַּׁבָּת, אִם מִתְעַסֵּק שֶׁלֹּא יִשְּׁכֶנּוּ, פָּטוּר, וְאִם לִרְפוּאָה, חַיָּב. וְעַל לְפָסִין אִירוֹנִיּוֹת, שֶׁהֵם טְהוֹרוֹת בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת וּטְמֵאוֹת בְּמַשָּׂא הַזָּב. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, אַף בְּמַשָּׂא הַזָּב, טְהוֹרוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן:", 2.6. "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְלֹא הוֹדָה לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. הַשּׁוּם וְהַבֹּסֶר וְהַמְּלִילוֹת שֶׁרִסְּקָן מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, שֶׁרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, יִגְמֹר מִשֶּׁתֶּחְשָׁךְ, וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא יִגְמֹר:", 2.7. "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, שְׁנַיִם מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וְאֶחָד מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. שְׁנַיִם מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, יוֹצֵאת אִשָּׁה בְעִיר שֶׁל זָהָב, וּמַפְרִיחֵי יוֹנִים פְּסוּלִים לְעֵדוּת. וְאֶחָד מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּפִי חֻלְדָּה וּמְהַלֶּכֶת עַל גַּבֵּי כִכָּרוֹת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר:", 2.8. "שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, עַל שְׁנַיִם הוֹדוּ לוֹ וְעַל אֶחָד לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ. עַל סַנְדָּל שֶׁל סַיָּדִים, שֶׁהוּא טָמֵא מִדְרָס. וְעַל שְׁיָרֵי תַנּוּר אַרְבָּעָה, שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים שְׁלֹשָׁה. וְהוֹדוּ לוֹ. וְעַל אֶחָד לֹא הוֹדוּ לוֹ, עַל כִּסֵּא שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שְׁנַיִם מֵחִפּוּיָיו זֶה בְּצַד זֶה, שֶׁרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין:", 2.9. "הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, הָאָב זוֹכֶה לַבֵּן, בַּנּוֹי, וּבַכֹּחַ, וּבָעֹשֶׁר, וּבַחָכְמָה, וּבַשָּׁנִים, וּבְמִסְפַּר הַדּוֹרוֹת לְפָנָיו, וְהוּא הַקֵּץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מא) קֹרֵא הַדֹּרוֹת מֵרֹאשׁ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית טו), וַעֲבָדוּם וְעִנּוּ אֹתָם אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה, וְנֶאֱמַר (שם), וְדוֹר רְבִיעִי יָשׁוּבוּ הֵנָּה:", 2.10. "אַף הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, חֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים שֶׁל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט דּוֹר הַמַּבּוּל, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט אִיּוֹב, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט הַמִּצְרִיִּים, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט גּוֹג וּמָגוֹג לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מִשְׁפַּט רְשָׁעִים בְּגֵיהִנֹּם, שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה סו), וְהָיָה מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, מִן הַפֶּסַח וְעַד הָעֲצֶרֶת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וּמִדֵּי שַׁבָּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ:", 5.6. "עֲקַבְיָא בֶּן מַהֲלַלְאֵל הֵעִיד אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, עֲקַבְיָא, חֲזֹר בְּךָ בְאַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים שֶׁהָיִיתָ אוֹמֵר וְנַעַשְׂךָ אַב בֵּית דִּין לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. אָמַר לָהֶן, מוּטָב לִי לְהִקָּרֵא שׁוֹטֶה כָּל יָמַי, וְלֹא לֵעָשׂוֹת שָׁעָה אַחַת רָשָׁע לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם, שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ אוֹמְרִים, בִּשְׁבִיל שְׂרָרָה חָזַר בּוֹ. הוּא הָיָה מְטַמֵּא שְׂעַר הַפְּקֻדָּה וְדַם הַיָּרוֹק. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. הוּא הָיָה מַתִּיר שְׂעַר בְּכוֹר בַּעַל מוּם שֶׁנָּשַׁר וְהִנִּיחוֹ בְחַלּוֹן וְאַחַר כָּךְ שְׁחָטוֹ, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין מַשְׁקִין לֹא אֶת הַגִּיֹּרֶת וְלֹא אֶת שִׁפְחָה הַמְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מַשְׁקִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַעֲשֶׂה בְּכַרְכְּמִית, שִׁפְחָה מְשֻׁחְרֶרֶת שֶׁהָיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהִשְׁקוּהָ שְׁמַעְיָה וְאַבְטַלְיוֹן. אָמַר לָהֶם, דֻּגְמָא הִשְׁקוּהָ. וְנִדּוּהוּ, וּמֵת בְּנִדּוּיוֹ, וְסָקְלוּ בֵית דִּין אֶת אֲרוֹנוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם שֶׁעֲקַבְיָא נִתְנַדָּה, שֶׁאֵין עֲזָרָה נִנְעֶלֶת בִּפְנֵי כָל אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל בְּחָכְמָה וּבְיִרְאַת חֵטְא כַּעֲקַבְיָא בֶּן מַהֲלַלְאֵל. וְאֶת מִי נִדּוּ, אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן חֲנוֹךְ, שֶׁפִּקְפֵּק בְּטָהֳרַת יָדָיִם. וּכְשֶׁמֵּת, שָׁלְחוּ בֵית דִּין וְהִנִּיחוּ אֶבֶן עַל אֲרוֹנוֹ. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁכָּל הַמִּתְנַדֶּה וּמֵת בְּנִדּוּיוֹ, סוֹקְלִין אֶת אֲרוֹנוֹ: \n", 7.3. "הֵעִיד רַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל זוֹחֲלִין שֶׁרַבּוּ עַל הַנּוֹטְפִים, שֶׁהֵם כְּשֵׁרִים. מַעֲשֶׂה הָיָה בְּבִירַת הַפִּלְיָא, וּבָא מַעֲשֶׂה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים וְהִכְשִׁירוּהוּ: \n", | 1.8. "Vetches of terumah: Beth Shammai says, “They must be soaked and rubbed in purity, but can be given for food in impurity.” And Beth Hillel says: “They must be soaked in purity, but can be rubbed and given for food in impurity.” Shammai says: “They must be eaten dry.” Rabbi Akiva says: “All actions in connection with them [can be carried out] in impurity.”", 1.9. "One who changes for a sela copper coins from second tithe: Beth Shammai says: “Copper coin for the whole sela.” And Beth Hillel say: “Silver for one shekel and copper coin for one shekel.” Rabbi Meir says: “Silver and fruits may not be substituted for silver.” But the sages allow it.", 1.10. "One who exchanges a sela from second tithe in Jerusalem: Beth Shammai says: “Copper coin for the whole sela.” And Beth Hillel says: “Silver for one shekel and copper coin for one shekel.” The disputants before the Sages say: “Silver for three denars and copper coin for one denar.” Rabbi Akiva says: “Silver for three denars and for the fourth silver, copper coin.” Rabbi Tarfon says: “Four aspers in silver.” Shammai says: “He must leave it in the shop and eat on the credit thereof.”", 1.11. "A bride’s stool from which the covering-boards have been taken: Beth Shammai pronounces it [liable to become] unclean, And Beth Hillel pronounce it not [liable to become] unclean. Shammai says: “Even the framework of a stool [by itself is liable to become] unclean.” A stool which has been set in a baker’s trough: Beth Shammai pronounces it [liable to become] unclean, And Beth Hillel pronounces it not [liable to become] unclean. Shammai says: “Even one made therein [is liable to become unclean].”", 1.12. "These are subjects concerning which Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai:A woman who came from overseas and said: “My husband died” may be married again; “My husband died [without children]” she must be married by her husband’s brother (the levir). But Beth Hillel says: “We have heard so only in the case of one who came from the harvesting.” Beth Shammai said to them: “It is the same thing in the case of one who came from the harvesting or who came from the olive-picking or who came from overseas; they mentioned harvesting only because that is how it happened.” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to Beth Shammai. Beth Shammai says: “She may be married again and take her kethubah payment.” But Beth Hillel says: “She may be married again but may not take her kethubah payment.” Beth Shammai said to them: “You have permitted the graver matter of a forbidden marriage, should you not permit the lighter matter of property?” Beth Hillel said to them: “We have found that brothers do not inherit on her statement.” Beth Shammai said to them: “Do we not infer it from her marriage document in which he writes to her ‘That if you be married to another you shall take what is written for you’?” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai.", 1.13. "Whoever is half a slave and half a free man should work one day for his master and one day for himself, according to Beth Hillel. Beth Shammai said to them: “You have set matters in order with regards to his master, but you have not set matters in order with regards to himself. He is not able to marry a slave-woman, nor is he able [to marry] a woman who is free. Is he to refrain [from marrying]? [How can he] for is it not the case that the world was created in order for people to be fruitful and multiply? For it is said, “He did not create it to be a waste; but formed it for inhabitation” (Isaiah 45:18). But for the rightful ordering of the world his master is compelled to make him free, and he writes out a bond for half his value.” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai.", 1.14. "A vessel of earthenware can protect everything [in it from contracting impurity], according to Beth Hillel. But Beth Shammai says: “It protects only food and liquids and [other] vessels of earthenware.” Beth Hillel said to them: “Why?” Beth Shammai said to them: “Because it is [itself] impure with respect to an ignoramus, and no impure vessel can screen [against impurity].” Beth Hillel said to them: “And did you not pronounce pure the food and liquids inside it?” Beth Shammai said to them: “When we pronounced pure the food and liquids inside it, we pronounced them pure for him [the ignoramus] only, but when you pronounced the vessel pure you pronounced it pure for yourself and for him.” Then Beth Hillel changed their mind and taught according to the opinion of Beth Shammai.", 2.4. "Rabbi Yishmael declared three things before the Sages in the vineyard at Yavneh: Concerning an egg which was beaten together, and placed on vegetables of terumah that it acts as a connection; but if it was in the form of a helmet it does not act as a connection. And concerning an ear of corn in the harvesting, the top of which reached the standing corn that if it can be reaped together with the standing corn, it belongs to the owner; and if not, it belongs to the poor. And concerning a small garden which was surrounded by a row of vines that if it has space for the grape-gatherer and his basket on one side, and space for the grape-gatherer and his basket on the other side, it may be sown with seed; but if not, it may not be sown with seed.", 2.5. "They stated three things before Rabbi Yishmael, and he pronounced none of them either unlawful or lawful; and Rabbi Joshua ben Matya explained them.One who lances an abscess on the Sabbath: if it was to make an opening he is liable; if it was to bring out the pus, he is exempt. And concerning one who hunts a snake on the Sabbath: that if he was occupied with it in order that it should not bite him, he is innocent; but if that he might use it as a remedy, he is guilty. And concerning Ironian stewpots: that they do not contract impurity when under the same tent as a corpse; but become impure if they are carried by a zav. Rabbi Eliezer ben Zadok says: “Even if they are carried by a zav they remain pure, because they are unfinished.”", 2.6. "Rabbi Yishmael said three things, and Rabbi Akiba disagreed with him.Garlic or unripe grapes or green ears of grain were being crushed [on the eve of the Sabbath] while it is yet day: Rabbi Yishmael says: “He may finish crushing after it grows dark.” But Rabbi Akiba says: “He may not finish.”", 2.7. "They said three things before Rabbi Akiva, two in the name of Rabbi Eliezer and one in the name of Rabbi Joshua. Two in the name of Rabbi Eliezer:A woman may go out [on the Sabbath adorned] with a “golden-city”; And they that fly pigeons are unfit to bear evidence. And one in the name of Rabbi Joshua: If there was a creeping thing in the mouth of a weasel when it walked over loaves of terumah, and it is doubtful whether it touched them or whether it did not touch them, that about which there is doubt remains pure.", 2.8. "Rabbi Akiba declared three things; about two they agreed with him, and about one they disagreed with him.About a lime-burner’s sandal, that it is liable to contract midras impurity; And about the remains of a [broken] oven, that they must be four handbreadths high [in order to retain impurity], whereas they used to say three and [when he said four] they agreed with him. And about one they disagreed with him About a stool, from which two of its covering-boards had been removed, the one beside the other, which Rabbi Akiba pronounces able to contract impurity, but the Sages declare unable to contract impurity.", 2.9. "He used to say: the father transmits to the son beauty, strength, wealth, wisdom and years. And the number of generations before Him, that shall be their appointed end: For it is said, “calling the generations from the beginning” (Isaiah 51:4) Although it is said, “And shall serve them, and they shall afflict them four hundred years” (Genesis 15:13), it is also said, “And in the fourth generation they shall come hither again” (Genesis 15:16).", 2.10. "Also he used to say that there are five things that last twelve months:The judgment of the generation of the flood [continued] twelve months; The judgment of Job [continued] twelve months; The judgment of the Egyptians [continued] twelve months; The judgment of Gog and Magog in the time to come [will continue] twelve months; The judgment of the wicked in gehinom [continues] twelve months, for it is said, and “It will be from one month until its [same] month” (Isaiah 66:23). Rabbi Yoha ben Nuri says: “[As long as] from Passover to Shavuoth, for it is said, “And from one Sabbath until its [next] Sabbath” (ibid.).", 5.6. "Akavia ben Mahalalel testified concerning four things. They said to him: Akavia, retract these four things which you say, and we will make you the head of the court in Israel. He said to them: it is better for me to be called a fool all my days than that I should become [even] for one hour a wicked man before God; So they shouldn’t say: “he withdrew his opinions for the sake of power.” He used to pronounce impure the hair which has been left over [in leprosy], And green (yellow) blood (of vaginal discharge); But the Sages declared them clean. He used to permit the wool of a first-born animal which was blemished and which had fallen out and had been put in a niche, the first-born being slaughtered afterwards; But the sages forbid it. He used to say: a woman proselyte and a freed slave-woman are not made to drink of the bitter waters. But the Sages say: they are made to drink. They said to him: it happened in the case of Karkemith, a freed slave-woman who was in Jerusalem, that Shemaiah and Avtalion made her drink. He said to them: they made her drink an example (and not the real water). Whereupon they excommunicated him; and he died while he was under excommunication, and the court stoned his coffin. Rabbi Judah said: God forbid [that one should say] that Akavia was excommunicated; for the courtyard is never locked for any man in Israel who was equal to Avavia ben Mahalalel in wisdom and the fear of sin. But whom did they excommunicate? Eliezer the son of Hanoch who cast doubt against the laws concerning the purifying of the hands. And when he died the court sent and laid a stone on his coffin. This teaches that whoever is excommunicated and dies while under excommunication, his coffin is stoned.", 7.3. "Rabbi Zadok testified concerning flowing water which exceeded in quantity dripping water; that it was valid. There was such a case at Birath Hapilya, and when the case came before the Sages they declared it valid.", |
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8. Mishnah, Beitzah, 3.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 429| 3.8. "אוֹמֵר אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ, מַלֵּא לִי כְלִי זֶה, אֲבָל לֹא בַמִּדָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה כְלִי שֶׁל מִדָּה, לֹא יְמַלְאֶנּוּ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאַבָּא שָׁאוּל בֶּן בָּטְנִית, שֶׁהָיָה מְמַלֵּא מִדּוֹתָיו מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב וְנוֹתְנָן לַלָּקוֹחוֹת בְּיוֹם טוֹב. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר, אַף בַּמּוֹעֵד עוֹשֶׂה כֵן, מִפְּנֵי בֵרוּרֵי הַמִּדּוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַף בְּחֹל עוֹשֶׂה כֵן, מִפְּנֵי מִצּוּי הַמִּדּוֹת. הוֹלֵךְ אָדָם אֵצֶל חֶנְוָנִי הָרָגִיל אֶצְלוֹ, וְאוֹמֵר לוֹ, תֵּן לִי בֵּיצִים וֶאֱגוֹזִים בְּמִנְיָן, שֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ בַּעַל הַבַּיִת לִהְיוֹת מוֹנֶה בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ: \n", | 3.8. "A man may say [on Yom Tov] to his fellow, “Fill me this vessel,” but not in a specific measure. Rabbi Judah says: if it was a measuring-vessel he may not fill it. It happened that Abba Shaul ben Batnit used to fill up his measures on the eve of Yom Tov and give them to his customers on Yom Tov. Abba Shaul says: he used to do so even during hol hamoed (the intermediate days of the festival), on account of clarifying the measures. But the sages say: he used also to do so on an ordinary day for the sake of the draining of the measures. A man may go to a shopkeeper to whom he generally goes and say to him, “Give me [so many] eggs and nuts” since this is the way of a householder to reckon in his own home.", |
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9. Mishnah, Avot, 2.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 429| 2.8. "רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי קִבֵּל מֵהִלֵּל וּמִשַּׁמָּאי. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אִם לָמַדְתָּ תוֹרָה הַרְבֵּה, אַל תַּחֲזִיק טוֹבָה לְעַצְמְךָ, כִּי לְכָךְ נוֹצָרְתָּ. חֲמִשָּׁה תַלְמִידִים הָיוּ לוֹ לְרַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן חֲנַנְיָה, וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַכֹּהֵן, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן נְתַנְאֵל, וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ. הוּא הָיָה מוֹנֶה שִׁבְחָן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס, בּוֹר סוּד שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְאַבֵּד טִפָּה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן חֲנַנְיָה, אַשְׁרֵי יוֹלַדְתּוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַכֹּהֵן, חָסִיד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן נְתַנְאֵל, יְרֵא חֵטְא. וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ, מַעְיָן הַמִּתְגַּבֵּר. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יִהְיוּ כָל חַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם, וֶאֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס בְּכַף שְׁנִיָּה, מַכְרִיעַ אֶת כֻּלָּם. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר מִשְּׁמוֹ, אִם יִהְיוּ כָל חַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן הוֹרְקְנוֹס אַף עִמָּהֶם, וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲרָךְ בְּכַף שְׁנִיָּה, מַכְרִיעַ אֶת כֻּלָּם:", | 2.8. "Rabban Yoha ben Zakkai received [the oral tradition] from Hillel and Shammai.He used to say: if you have learned much torah, do not claim credit for yourself, because for such a purpose were you created. Rabban Yoha ben Zakkai had five disciples and they were these: Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, Rabbi Joshua ben Haiah, Rabbi Yose, the priest, Rabbi Shimon ben Nethaneel and Rabbi Eleazar ben Arach. He [Rabbi Joha] used to list their outstanding virtues: Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus is a plastered cistern which loses not a drop; Rabbi Joshua ben Haiah happy is the woman that gave birth to him; Rabbi Yose, the priest, is a pious man; Rabbi Simeon ben Nethaneel is one that fears sin, And Rabbi Eleazar ben Arach is like a spring that [ever] gathers force. He [Rabbi Yoha] used to say: if all the sages of Israel were on one scale of the balance and Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus on the other scale, he would outweigh them all. Abba Shaul said in his name: if all the sages of Israel were on one scale of the balance, and Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus also with them, and Rabbi Eleazar ben Arach on the other scale, he would outweigh them all.", |
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10. Tosefta, Avodah Zarah, 6.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 338| 6.3. "מוקצה שלו אסור ושל חברו מותר לפני הקדישו אסור לאחר הקדישו מותר מאימתי נקרא מוקצה משנעשה בו מעשה איזהו נעבד כל שעובדין אותו בין בשגגה בין במזיד איזה הוא מוקצה מקצה לעבודת כוכבים אבל אמר שור זה לעבודת כוכבים לא אמר כלום לפי שאין הקדש לעבודת כוכבים. ", | |
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| 11. Tosefta, Megillah, 3.35 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 458 |
12. Tosefta, Terumot, 2.13 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 458| 2.13. "אבל ערלה וכלאי הכרם שוין לנכרים בארץ ישראל בסוריא ובחוצה לארץ אלא שר' יהודה אומר אין לנכרי כרם רבעי בסוריא וחכ\"א יש לו אמר ר' יהודה מעשה בשביון ראש בית הכנסת של כזיב שלקח נכרי רבעי בסוריא ונתן לו דמיו ובא ושאל את רבן גמליאל שהיה עובר ממקום למקום ואמר לו המתן עד שנהיה בהלכה אמר לו משם ראיה אף הוא שלח לו ביד שליח חרש מה שעשית עשית אבל לא [תשנה] לעשות כן.", | |
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| 13. Palestinian Talmud, Sheviit, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan |
| 14. Palestinian Talmud, Yevamot, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan |
| 15. Palestinian Talmud, Taanit, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •bet din Found in books: Sigal (2007) 99 |
| 16. Palestinian Talmud, Moed Qatan, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •bet din Found in books: Sigal (2007) 99 |
17. Anon., Genesis Rabba, 81.1 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 458| 81.1. וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֶל יַעֲקֹב קוּם עֲלֵה וגו' (בראשית לה, א), (משלי כ, כה): מוֹקֵשׁ אָדָם יָלַע קֹדֶשׁ וְאַחַר נְדָרִים לְבַקֵּר, תָּבוֹא מְאֵרָה לָאָדָם שֶׁהוּא אוֹכֵל קֳדָשִׁים בְּלוֹעוֹ. תָּנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּא תָּבוֹא מְאֵרָה לָאָדָם שֶׁהוּא נֶהֱנֶה מִן הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ, וְאֵין הֶקְדֵּשׁ אֶלָּא יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה ב, ג): קֹדֶשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל לַה' וגו'. וְאַחַר נְדָרִים לְבַקֵּר, אָמַר רַבִּי יַנַּאי אִחֵר אָדָם אֶת נִדְרוֹ נִתְבַּקְּרָה פִּנְקָסוֹ. | |
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| 18. Palestinian Talmud, Bikkurim, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan |
| 19. Palestinian Talmud, Hagigah, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan nan nan |
| 20. Anon., Sifre Deuteronomy, 16 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 458 |
| 21. Palestinian Talmud, Peah, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan |
22. Babylonian Talmud, Moed Qatan, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 338, 458| 22b. ממעט על אביו ועל אמו ממעט,על כל המתים כולן רצה חולץ רצה אינו חולץ על אביו ועל אמו חולץ,ומעשה בגדול הדור אחד שמת אביו וביקש לחלוץ וביקש גדול הדור אחר שעמו לחלוץ ונמנע ולא חלץ,אמר אביי גדול הדור רבי גדול הדור שעמו ר' יעקב בר אחא ואיכא דאמרי גדול הדור ר' יעקב בר אחא גדול הדור שעמו רבי,בשלמא למ"ד גדול הדור שעמו רבי היינו דנמנע ולא חלץ,אלא למ"ד רבי יעקב בר אחא אמאי נמנע ולא חלץ רשב"ג נשיא הוה וכולי עלמא מיחייבי למיחלץ קשיא,על כל המתים כולן מסתפר לאחר ל' יום על אביו ועל אמו עד שיגערו בו חבריו על כל המתים כולן נכנס לבית השמחה לאחר ל' יום על אביו ועל אמו לאחר י"ב חדש,אמר רבה בר בר חנה ולשמחת מריעות מיתיבי ולשמחה ולמריעות ל' יום קשיא,אמימר מתני הכי אמר רבה בר בר חנה ולשמחת מריעות מותר ליכנס לאלתר והא תניא לשמחה שלשים ולמריעות שלשים,ל"ק הא באריסותא הא בפורענותא,על כל המתים כולן קורע טפח על אביו ועל אמו עד שיגלה את לבו א"ר אבהו מאי קרא (שמואל ב א, יא) ויחזק דוד בבגדיו ויקרעם ואין אחיזה פחות מטפח,על כל המתים כולן אפילו לבוש עשרה חלוקין אינו קורע אלא עליון על אביו ועל אמו קורע את כולן ואפיקרסותו אינה מעכבת,אחד האיש ואחד אשה ר"ש בן אלעזר אומר האשה קורעת את התחתון ומחזירתו לאחוריה וחוזרת וקורעת את העליון,על כל המתים כולן רצה מבדיל קמי שפה שלו רצה אינו מבדיל על אביו ועל אמו מבדיל,רבי יהודה אומר כל קריעה שאינו מבדיל קמי שפה שלו אינו אלא קרע של תיפלות אמר רבי אבהו מ"ט דר' יהודה דכתיב (מלכים ב ב, יב) ויחזק בבגדיו ויקרעם לשנים קרעים ממשמע שנאמר ויקרעם איני יודע שהן לשנים אלא שנראין קרועים כשנים,על כל המתים כולן שולל לאחר שבעה ומאחה לאחר שלשים על אביו ועל אמו שולל לאחר ל' ואינו מאחה לעולם והאשה שוללתו לאלתר מפני כבודה,כי אתא רבין א"ר יוחנן על כל המתים רצה קורע ביד רצה קורע בכלי על אביו ועל אמו ביד,וא"ר חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן על כל המתים כולן מבפנים על אביו ועל אמו קורע מבחוץ אמר רב חסדא וכן לנשיא,מיתיבי לא הושוו לאביו ולאמו אלא לאיחוי בלבד,מאי לאו אפילו לנשיא לא לבר מנשיא,נשיאה שכיב א"ל רב חסדא (לרב חנן בר רבא) כפי אסיתא וקום עלה ואחוי קריעה לעלמא,על חכם חולץ מימין על אב ב"ד משמאל על נשיא מכאן ומכאן,ת"ר חכם שמת בית מדרשו בטל אב ב"ד שמת כל בתי מדרשות שבעירו בטילין ונכנסין לביהכ"נ ומשנין את מקומן היושבין בצפון יושבין בדרום היושבין בדרום יושבין בצפון נשיא שמת בתי מדרשות כולן בטילין ובני הכנסת נכנסין לבית הכנסת | 22b. b reduce /b it. b In /b the case of b his father or mother, /b he must always b reduce /b his business., b With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, if the mourner b wishes, he may remove /b his garment from one of his shoulders, and if b he wishes /b not to remove it, b he need not remove /b it. However, b in /b the case of b his father or mother, he /b must always b remove /b his garment from one of his shoulders.,There was b an incident when the father of a leading authority of /b his b generation died, and /b the authority b wished to remove /b his garment from one shoulder. b Another leading authority of the generation /b also b wished to remove /b his own garment together b with him, /b in order to join him in his mourning, b but /b due to this the first person b refrained and did not remove /b his garment, so that his colleague would not remove his garment as well., b Abaye said: The leading authority of the generation /b mentioned here is b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi, and b the leading authority of the generation /b who was b with him /b was b Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa. And some say: The leading authority of the generation /b was b Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa, /b and b the leading authority of the generation /b who was b with him /b was b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi.,The Gemara examines this issue: b Granted, according to the one who said /b that b the leading authority of the generation /b who was b with him was Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi, b this is /b the reason that b he refrained and did not remove /b his garment from his shoulder. That is to say, Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa refrained from doing so because he did not wish to cause the i Nasi /i to remove his own garment., b But according to the one who said /b that it is b Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa /b who was the leader of the generation with him, b why did /b Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi b refrain and not remove /b his garment from his shoulder? b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel, /b the father of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, was also b the i Nasi /i , and everyone is required to remove /b his garment from his shoulder for him, as was the accepted practice. Therefore, Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa would also have been required to bare his shoulder. Why, then, did Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi prevent him from doing so? The Gemara concludes: Indeed b this /b is b difficult. /b ,§ The Gemara returns to the continuation of the i baraita /i : b With regard to all deceased /b relatives except for parents, b one may cut his hair after thirty days. In /b the case of b one’s father or mother, /b one may not cut his hair b until his colleagues have rebuked him /b for his hair being too long. b With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, b he may enter a place /b where b a joyous /b celebration is taking place b after thirty days; in /b the case of b his father or mother, /b he may enter such a place only b after twelve months. /b , b Rabba bar bar Ḥana said: /b The ruling that a mourner may enter a house of joy after thirty days applies specifically b to a joyous social gathering, /b that is to say, to the joyous meals that a group of friends would eat together, each taking a turn hosting. But this ruling does not apply to a large joyous occasion, such as a wedding feast. The Gemara b raises an objection /b from a i baraita /i which adds: b And /b also b for joyous social gatherings, thirty days. /b This implies that when the i baraita /i speaks of joyous celebrations without further specification, it is not referring to joyous social gatherings, but even to weddings and other joyous occasions. The Gemara concludes: Indeed, b it /b is b difficult. /b , b Ameimar taught /b the previous discussion b as follows: Rabba bar bar Ḥana said /b an alternative version of the discussion: b For a joyous social gathering one is permitted to enter immediately. /b The Gemara poses a question: b But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i : b For joyous celebrations and for joyous social gatherings, /b one must wait b thirty /b days?,The Gemara answers: b This is not difficult. This /b ruling, of the i baraita /i , is referring b to an initial /b gathering, when the mourner is the first in the group of friends to host. The i baraita /i teaches that in such a situation the mourner is required to wait thirty days before doing so. b That /b ruling, of Rabba bar bar Ḥana, is referring b to a reciprocal /b gathering. The mourner’s friends have already hosted these gatherings, and now it is his turn to host. Since he is required to host such a gathering for his colleagues, he need not postpone it. Rather, he may host the group immediately.,The i baraita /i continues: b With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, b one rends /b his garment the length b of a handbreadth, /b and that suffices. b In /b the case of b his father or mother, /b he must rend his garment b until he reveals his heart. Rabbi Abbahu said: What is the verse /b that teaches that the rent must be a handbreadth? b “And David took hold of his clothes and rent them” /b (II Samuel 1:11), b and taking hold cannot /b be done for a garment b less than a handbreadth. /b ,The i baraita /i teaches further: b With regard to all /b other deceased relatives, b even if he is wearing ten garments, /b one on top of the other, b he rends only /b his b outer /b garment. But b in /b the case of b his father or mother, he must rend them all. /b Failure to rend b his undergarment, /b however, b does not invalidate /b the fulfillment of the mitzva., b Both a man and a woman /b are required to rend their garments. b Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: A woman /b first b rends /b her b inner /b garment b and turns /b it b around, /b so that the tear is b on her back. And /b only b afterward /b does b she rend /b her b outer /b garment, so that she does not expose her chest., b With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, if b one wishes he may rip apart /b his garment b on the hem, /b rather than merely expanding the neck hole, so that the tear stands out distinctly from the opening of the garment. If he b wishes /b not to do this, b he does not rip apart /b the hem in this manner. That is to say, one may simply enlarge the neck hole, although rending a garment in this way makes the tear less prominent. b In /b the case of b one’s father or mother, /b however, b he must /b always b rip apart /b the hem., b Rabbi Yehuda says: Any rending that does not rip apart /b his garment b on the hem /b of the garment b is nothing other than a frivolous rent /b of no significance, as it must be evident that one has rent his garment in mourning and that the rent is not merely an imperfection in the garment. b Rabbi Abbahu said: What is the reason /b for b Rabbi Yehuda’s /b opinion? b As it is written: “And he took hold of his own clothes and he rent them in two pieces” /b (II Kings 2:12). b From that which is stated: “And he rent,” do I not know that /b he rent them b in two? Rather, /b these words teach b that /b the rent clothes must b appear as if they were torn into two /b pieces, i.e., the tear must be obvious and visible.,The i baraita /i continues: b With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, b one may tack /b the tear with rough stitches b after seven days, and one may join /b the edges more carefully b after thirty /b days. But b in /b the case of b one’s father or mother, he may tack /b the tear only b after thirty days, and he may never /b again b join /b the edges more carefully. b A woman, /b however, b may tack /b the tear b immediately, due to her honor, /b for it would be dishonorable for her to be seen with torn garments., b When Ravin came /b from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, b he said that Rabbi Yoḥa said: With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, b if one wishes, he may rend /b his garment b with /b his b hand; /b and if b he wishes, he may rend /b it b with a utensil /b in a way that will preserve it. But b in /b the case of b his father or mother, /b he must rend his garment b with his hand /b in a manner that will utterly ruin it., b And Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said that Rabbi Yoḥa said: With regard to all /b other b deceased /b relatives, one rends his garment b on the inside, /b meaning, he rends his inner garment and not necessarily his outermost garment. b In /b the case of b one’s father or mother, /b however, b he must rend /b the garment b on the outside, /b i.e., the outermost garment. b Rav Ḥisda said: And likewise, over a i Nasi /i , /b one is required to rend his garment as he does over his father.,The Gemara b raises an objection /b from a i baraita /i in which it was taught: The i halakhot /i of rending for the death of other people referred to in the i baraita /i , e.g., a i Nasi /i , a president of the court, or one’s teacher, b were likened to /b the i halakhot /i of rending for b one’s father or mother only with regard to /b the issue of carefully b rejoining /b the edges of the rent, as in all of these cases it is prohibited to mend one’s garment with precise stitches., b What, is /b this i baraita /i b not /b also referring b even /b to one who rends his garment b for the i Nasi /i ? /b The Gemara rejects this: b No, /b the i baraita /i is referring to the other people, b aside /b from one who rends his garment for the i Nasi /i , as rending for the i Nasi /i is the same as rending for one’s father with regard to all aspects of the rending.,It was related that the b i Nasi /i died, /b and b Rav Ḥisda said to Rav Ḥa bar Rava: Turn the mortar over and stand on it, and show /b the b rent to everyone. /b Everyone will then rend his garment in this manner, as everyone is required to rend his garment over the death of the i Nasi /i .,§ It was further taught: b For /b mourning b a Sage, one removes /b his garment b from the right /b shoulder. b For /b the b president of the court /b he removes his garment b from the left /b shoulder. b For /b the b i Nasi /i /b he removes his garment b from here and from here, /b from both shoulders., b The Sages taught /b the following i baraita /i : When b a Sage dies, his study hall ceases /b its regular study as a sign of mourning over him. When b the president of the court dies, all of the study halls in his city cease /b their regular study, and everyone b enters the synagogue and changes their places /b there as a sign of mourning over him. b Those who /b ordinarily b sit in the north /b should b sit in the south, and those who /b ordinarily b sit in the south /b should b sit in the north. /b When b a i Nasi /i dies, all study halls cease /b their regular study. On Shabbat, b the members of the synagogue enter the synagogue /b for public Torah reading, which requires a congregation of ten, |
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23. Babylonian Talmud, Megillah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Levine (2005) 4| 29a. מבטלין ת"ת להוצאת המת ולהכנסת הכלה אמרו עליו על ר' יהודה בר' אילעאי שהיה מבטל ת"ת להוצאת המת ולהכנסת הכלה בד"א בשאין שם כל צורכו אבל יש שם כל צורכו אין מבטלין,וכמה כל צורכו אמר רב שמואל בר איניא משמיה דרב תריסר אלפי גברי ושיתא אלפי שיפורי ואמרי לה תריסר אלפי גברי ומינייהו שיתא אלפי שיפורי עולא אמר כגון דחייצי גברי מאבולא עד סיכרא,רב ששת אמר כנתינתה כך נטילתה מה נתינתה בששים ריבוא אף נטילתה בס' ריבוא ה"מ למאן דקרי ותני אבל למאן דמתני לית ליה שיעורא,תניא ר"ש בן יוחי אומר בוא וראה כמה חביבין ישראל לפני הקב"ה שבכל מקום שגלו שכינה עמהן גלו למצרים שכינה עמהן שנאמר (שמואל א ב, כז) הנגלה נגליתי לבית אביך בהיותם במצרים וגו' גלו לבבל שכינה עמהן שנאמר (ישעיהו מג, יד) למענכם שלחתי בבלה ואף כשהן עתידין ליגאל שכינה עמהן שנאמר (דברים ל, ג) ושב ה' אלהיך את שבותך והשיב לא נאמר אלא ושב מלמד שהקב"ה שב עמהן מבין הגליות,בבבל היכא אמר אביי בבי כנישתא דהוצל ובבי כנישתא דשף ויתיב בנהרדעא ולא תימא הכא והכא אלא זמנין הכא וזמנין הכא אמר אביי תיתי לי דכי מרחיקנא פרסה עיילנא ומצלינא התם אבוה דשמואל [ולוי] הוו יתבי בכנישתא דשף ויתיב בנהרדעא אתיא שכינה שמעו קול ריגשא [קמו ונפקו,רב ששת הוה יתיב בבי כנישתא דשף ויתיב בנהרדעא אתיא שכינה] ולא נפק אתו מלאכי השרת וקא מבעתו ליה אמר לפניו רבש"ע עלוב ושאינו עלוב מי נדחה מפני מי אמר להו שבקוהו,(יחזקאל יא, טז) ואהי להם למקדש מעט אמר רבי יצחק אלו בתי כנסיות ובתי מדרשות שבבבל ור"א אמר זה בית רבינו שבבבל,דרש רבא מאי דכתיב (תהלים צ, א) ה' מעון אתה היית לנו אלו בתי כנסיות ובתי מדרשות אמר אביי מריש הואי גריסנא בביתא ומצלינא בבי כנשתא כיון דשמעית להא דקאמר דוד (תהלים כו, ח) ה' אהבתי מעון ביתך הואי גריסנא בבי כנישתא,תניא ר"א הקפר אומר עתידין בתי כנסיות ובתי מדרשות שבבבל שיקבעו בא"י שנאמר (ירמיהו מו, יח) כי כתבור בהרים וככרמל בים יבא והלא דברים ק"ו ומה תבור וכרמל שלא באו אלא לפי שעה ללמוד תורה נקבעים בארץ ישראל בתי כנסיות ובתי מדרשות שקורין ומרביצין בהן תורה עאכ"ו,דרש בר קפרא מאי דכתיב (תהלים סח, יז) למה תרצדון הרים גבנונים יצתה בת קול ואמרה להם למה תרצו דין עם סיני כולכם בעלי מומים אתם אצל סיני כתיב הכא גבנונים וכתיב התם (ויקרא כא, כ) או גבן או דק אמר רב אשי ש"מ האי מאן דיהיר בעל מום הוא:,אין עושין אותו קפנדריא: מאי קפנדריא אמר רבא קפנדריא כשמה מאי כשמה כמאן דאמר אדמקיפנא אדרי איעול בהא,א"ר אבהו אם היה שביל מעיקרא מותר,אר"נ בר יצחק הנכנס ע"מ שלא לעשות קפנדריא מותר לעשותו קפנדריא וא"ר חלבו אמר ר"ה הנכנס לבהכ"נ להתפלל מותר לעשותו קפנדריא שנא' (יחזקאל מו, ט) ובבא עם הארץ לפני ה' במועדים הבא דרך שער צפון להשתחוות יצא דרך שער נגב:,עלו בו עשבים לא יתלוש מפני עגמת נפש: והתניא אינו תולש ומאכיל אבל תולש ומניח כי תנן נמי מתני' תולש ומאכיל תנן,ת"ר בית הקברות אין נוהגין בהן קלות ראש אין מרעין בהן בהמה ואין מוליכין בהן אמת המים ואין מלקטין בהן עשבים ואם ליקט שורפן במקומן מפני כבוד מתים,אהייא אילימא אסיפא כיון ששורפן במקומן מאי כבוד מתים איכא אלא ארישא:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big ר"ח אדר שחל להיות בשבת קורין בפרשת שקלים חל להיות בתוך השבת מקדימין לשעבר ומפסיקין לשבת אחרת,בשניה זכור בשלישית פרה אדומה ברביעית החודש הזה לכם בחמישית חוזרין לכסדרן,לכל מפסיקין בראשי חדשים בחנוכה ובפורים בתעניות ובמעמדות וביוה"כ:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big תנן התם באחד באדר משמיעין על השקלים | 29a. b One interrupts /b his b Torah study to carry out the dead /b for burial b and to escort a bride /b to her wedding. b They said about Rabbi Yehuda, son of Rabbi Elai, that he would interrupt /b his b Torah study to carry out the dead /b for burial b and to escort a bride /b to her wedding. The Gemara qualifies this ruling: b In what /b case b is this statement said? /b Only b where there are not sufficient /b numbers of other people available to perform these mitzvot and honor the deceased or the bride appropriately. b However, /b when b there are sufficient /b numbers, additional people b should not interrupt /b their Torah study to participate.,The Gemara asks: b And how many /b people b are /b considered b sufficient? Rav Shmuel bar Inya said in the name of Rav: Twelve thousand men and /b another b six thousand /b men to blow b horns /b as a sign of mourning. b And some say /b a different version: b Twelve thousand men, among whom are six thousand /b men with b horns. Ulla said: For example, /b enough b to make a procession of people /b all the way b from the /b town b gate [ i abbula /i ] to the place of burial. /b , b Rav Sheshet said: As /b the Torah b was given, so it /b should be b taken away, /b i.e., the same honor that was provided when the Torah was given at Mount Sinai should be provided when the Torah is taken through the passing away of a Torah scholar. b Just as /b the Torah b was given in the presence of six hundred thousand /b men, b so too its taking /b should be done b in the presence of six hundred thousand /b men. The Gemara comments: b This applies to someone who read /b the Bible b and studied /b i halakhot /i for himself. b But for someone who taught /b others, b there is no limit /b to the honor that should be shown to him.,§ b It is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai says: Come and see how beloved the Jewish people are before the Holy One, Blessed be He. As every place they were exiled, the Divine Presence /b went b with them. They were exiled to Egypt, /b and b the Divine Presence /b went b with them, as it is stated: “Did I reveal myself to the house of your father when they were in Egypt?” /b (I Samuel 2:27). b They were exiled to Babylonia, /b and b the Divine Presence /b went b with them, as it is stated: “For your sake I have sent to Babylonia” /b (Isaiah 43:14). b So too, when, in the future, they will be redeemed, the Divine Presence will be with them, as it is stated: “Then the Lord your God will return with your captivity” /b (Deuteronomy 30:3). b It does not state: He will bring back, /b i.e., He will cause the Jewish people to return, b but rather /b it says: b “He will return,” /b which b teaches that the Holy One, Blessed be He, will return /b together b with them from among the /b various b exiles. /b ,The Gemara asks: b Where in Babylonia /b does the Divine Presence reside? b Abaye said: In the /b ancient b synagogue of Huzal and in the synagogue that was destroyed and rebuilt in Neharde’a. And do not say /b that the Divine Presence resided b here and there, /b i.e., in both places simultaneously. b Rather, at times /b it resided b here /b in Huzal b and at times there /b in Neharde’a. b Abaye said: I have /b a blessing b coming to me, for whenever I am /b within b a distance of a parasang /b from one of those synagogues, b I go in and pray there, /b due to the special honor and sanctity attached to them. It was related that b the father of Shmuel and Levi were /b once b sitting in the synagogue that was destroyed and rebuilt in Neharde’a. The Divine Presence came /b and b they heard a loud sound, /b so b they arose and left. /b ,It was further related that b Rav Sheshet was /b once b sitting in the synagogue that was destroyed and rebuilt in Neharde’a, /b and b the Divine Presence came but he did not go out. The ministering angels came and were frightening him /b in order to force him to leave. Rav Sheshet turned to God and b said before Him: Master of the Universe, /b if one is b wretched and /b the other is b not wretched, who should defer to whom? /b Shouldn’t the one who is not wretched give way to the one who is? Now I am blind and wretched; why then do you expect me to defer to the angels? God then turned to the angels and b said to them: Leave him. /b ,The verse states: b “Yet I have been to them as a little sanctuary /b in the countries where they have come” (Ezekiel 11:16). b Rabbi Yitzḥak said: This /b is referring to b the synagogues and study halls in Babylonia. And Rabbi Elazar said: This /b is referring to b the house of our master, /b i.e., Rav, b in Babylonia, /b from which Torah issues forth to the entire world., b Rava interpreted /b a verse b homiletically: What is /b the meaning of that b which is written: “Lord, You have been our dwelling place /b in all generations” (Psalms 90:1)? b This /b is referring to b the synagogues and study halls. Abaye said: Initially, I used to study /b Torah b in /b my b home and pray in the synagogue. Once I heard /b and understood b that which /b King b David says: “Lord, I love the habitation of Your house” /b (Psalms 26:8), b I would /b always b study /b Torah b in the synagogue, /b to express my love for the place in which the Divine Presence resides., b It is taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Rabbi Elazar HaKappar says: In the future, the synagogues and the study halls in Babylonia will be /b transported and b reestablished in Eretz Yisrael, as it is stated: “Surely, like Tabor among the mountains, and like Carmel by the sea, so shall he come” /b (Jeremiah 46:18). There is a tradition that these mountains came to Sinai at the giving of the Torah and demanded that the Torah should be given upon them. b And are /b these b matters not /b inferred through an b i a fortiori /i /b argument: b Just as Tabor and Carmel, which came only momentarily to study Torah, were /b relocated and b established in Eretz Yisrael /b in reward for their actions, b all the more so /b should b the synagogues and study halls /b in Babylonia, b in which the Torah is read and disseminated, /b be relocated to Eretz Yisrael., b Bar Kappara interpreted /b a verse b homiletically: What is /b the meaning of that b which is written: “Why do you look askance [ i teratzdun /i ], O high-peaked mountains, /b at the mountain that God has desired for His abode” (Psalms 68:17)? b A Divine Voice issued forth and said to /b all the mountains that came and demanded that the Torah be given upon them: b Why do you seek [ i tirtzu /i ] /b to enter into b a legal dispute [ i din /i ] with /b Mount b Sinai? You are all blemished in comparison to /b Mount b Sinai, /b as b it is written here: “High-peaked [ i gavnunnim /i ]” and it is written there, /b with regard to the blemishes that disqualify a priest: b “Or crookbacked [ i gibben /i ] or a dwarf” /b (Leviticus 21:20). b Rav Ashi said: Learn from /b this that b one who is arrogant is /b considered b blemished. /b The other mountains arrogantly insisted that the Torah should be given upon them, and they were therefore described as blemished.,§ The mishna teaches that even if a synagogue fell into ruin, b it may not be made /b into b a i kappendarya /i . /b The Gemara asks: b What is /b meant by b i kappendarya /i ? Rava said: A shortcut, as /b implied by b its name. /b The Gemara clarifies: b What /b do you mean by adding: b As /b implied by b its name? /b It is b like one who said: Instead of going around the /b entire row of b houses [ i makkifna addari /i ] /b to get to the other side, thereby lengthening my journey, b I will enter this /b house and walk through it to the other side. The word i kappendarya /i sounds like a contraction of i makkifna addari /i . This is what Rava meant by saying: As implied by its name., b Rabbi Abbahu said: If /b a public b path had initially /b passed through that location, before the synagogue was built, b it is permitted /b to continue to use it as a shortcut, for the honor due to a synagogue cannot annul the public’s right of access to the path., b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: /b With regard to b one who enters /b a synagogue b without intending to make it /b into b a shortcut, /b when he leaves b he is permitted to make it /b into b a shortcut /b for himself, by leaving through the exit on the other side of the building. b And Rabbi Ḥelbo said /b that b Rav Huna said: /b With regard to b one who enters a synagogue to pray, he is permitted to make it /b into b a shortcut /b for himself by leaving through a different exit, and it is fitting to do so, b as it is stated: “And when the people of the land shall come before the Lord in the appointed seasons, he that enters by way of the north gate to bow down shall go forth by the way of the south gate” /b (Ezekiel 46:9). This indicates that it is a show of respect not to leave through the same entrance through which one came in; it is better to leave through the other side.,§ The mishna teaches: If b grass sprang up in /b a ruined synagogue, although it is not befitting its sanctity, b one should not pick /b it, b due to /b the b anguish /b that it will cause to those who see it. It will remind them of the disrepair of the synagogue and the need to rebuild it. The Gemara asks: b But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i : b One may not pick /b the grass b and feed /b it to one’s animals, b but he may pick /b it b and leave /b it there? The Gemara answers: b When we learned /b the prohibition against picking the grass in b the mishna as well, we learned /b only that it is prohibited to b pick /b it and b feed /b it to one’s animals, but it is permitted to leave it there., b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : In b a cemetery, one may not act with frivolity; one may not graze an animal /b on the grass growing b inside it; and one may not direct a water channel /b to pass b through it; and one may not gather grass inside it /b to use the grass as feed for one’s animals; b and if one gathered /b grass for that purpose, b it should be burnt on the spot, out of respect for the dead. /b ,The Gemara clarifies: With regard to the phrase: Out of respect for the dead, b to which /b clause of the i baraita /i does it refer? b If we say /b it is referring b to the last clause, /b that if one gathered grass that it should be burnt out of respect for the dead, then one could ask: b Since /b the grass b is burnt on the spot, /b and not publicly, b what respect for the dead is there /b in this act? b Rather, /b the phrase must be referring b to the first clause /b of the i baraita /i , and it explains why it is prohibited to act with frivolity., strong MISHNA: /strong On four i Shabbatot /i during and surrounding the month of Adar, a Torah portion of seasonal significance is read. When b the New Moon of Adar occurs on Shabbat, /b the congregation b reads the portion of i Shekalim /i /b on that Shabbat. If the New Moon b occurs during /b the middle of b the week, they advance /b the reading of that portion b to the previous /b Shabbat, b and, /b in such a case, b they interrupt /b the reading of the four portions b on the following Shabbat, /b which would be the first Shabbat of the month of Adar, and no additional portion is read on it., b On the second /b Shabbat, the Shabbat prior to Purim, they read the portion: b “Remember /b what Amalek did” (Deuteronomy 25:17–19), which details the mitzva to remember and destroy the nation of Amalek. b On the third /b Shabbat, they read the portion of b the Red Heifer [ i Para /i ] /b (Numbers 19:1–22), which details the purification process for one who became ritually impure through contact with a corpse. b On the fourth /b Shabbat, they read the portion: b “This month [ i haḥodesh /i ] shall be for you” /b (Exodus 12:1–20), which describes the offering of the Paschal lamb. b On the fifth /b Shabbat, b they resume the /b regular weekly b order /b of readings and no special portion is read., b For all /b special days, the congregation b interrupts /b the regular weekly order of readings, and a special portion relating to the character of the day is read. This applies b on the New Moons, on Hanukkah, and on Purim, on fast days, and on the /b non-priestly b watches, and on Yom Kippur. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong b We learned /b in a mishna b there /b ( i Shekalim /i 1:1): b On the first of Adar they make /b a public b announcement concerning /b the forthcoming collection of half- b shekels. /b The money is used for the communal offerings in the Temple in the coming year. |
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| 24. Babylonian Talmud, Berachot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •bet din Found in books: Sigal (2007) 99 |
25. Babylonian Talmud, Gittin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •bet din Found in books: Sigal (2007) 99| 57b. אמר רבי חייא בר אבין אמר רבי יהושע בן קרחה סח לי זקן אחד מאנשי ירושלים בבקעה זו הרג נבוזראדן רב טבחים מאתים ואחת עשרה רבוא ובירושלים הרג תשעים וארבע רבוא על אבן אחת עד שהלך דמן ונגע בדמו של זכריה לקיים מה שנאמר (הושע ד, ב) ודמים בדמים נגעו,אשכחיה לדמיה דזכריה דהוה קא מרתח וסליק אמר מאי האי אמרו ליה דם זבחים דאשתפוך אייתי דמי ולא אידמו,אמר להו אי אמריתו לי מוטב ואי לאו מסריקנא לבשרייכו במסרקי דפרזלי אמרי ליה מאי נימא לך נבייא הוה בן דהוה קא מוכח לן במילי דשמיא קמינן עילויה וקטלינן ליה והא כמה שנין דלא קא נייח דמיה,אמר להו אנא מפייסנא ליה אייתי סנהדרי גדולה וסנהדרי קטנה קטל עילויה ולא נח בחורים ובתולות קטל עילויה ולא נח אייתי תינוקות של בית רבן קטל עילויה ולא נח א"ל זכריה זכריה טובים שבהן איבדתים ניחא לך דאבדינהו לכולהו כדאמר ליה הכי נח,בההיא שעתא הרהר תשובה בדעתיה אמר ומה אם על נפש אחת כך ההוא גברא דקטל כל הני נשמתא על אחת כמה וכמה ערק אזל שדר שטר פרטתא בביתיה ואגייר,תנא נעמן גר תושב היה נבוזראדן גר צדק היה,מבני בניו של המן למדו תורה בבני ברק מבני בניו של סיסרא למדו תינוקות בירושלים מבני בניו של סנחריב למדו תורה ברבים מאן אינון שמעיה ואבטליון,היינו דכתיב (יחזקאל כד, ח) נתתי את דמה על צחיח סלע לבלתי הכסות,(בראשית כז, כב) הקול קול יעקב והידים ידי עשו הקול זה אדריינוס קיסר שהרג באלכסנדריא של מצרים ששים רבוא על ששים רבוא כפלים כיוצאי מצרים קול יעקב זה אספסיינוס קיסר שהרג בכרך ביתר ארבע מאות רבוא ואמרי לה ארבעת אלפים רבוא והידים ידי עשו זו מלכות הרשעה שהחריבה את בתינו ושרפה את היכלנו והגליתנו מארצנו,דבר אחר הקול קול יעקב אין לך תפלה שמועלת שאין בה מזרעו של יעקב והידים ידי עשו אין לך מלחמה שנוצחת שאין בה מזרעו של עשו,והיינו דא"ר אלעזר (איוב ה, כא) בשוט לשון תחבא בחירחורי לשון תחבא אמר רב יהודה אמר רב מאי דכתיב (תהלים קלז, א) על נהרות בבל שם ישבנו גם בכינו בזכרנו את ציון מלמד שהראהו הקב"ה לדוד חורבן בית ראשון וחורבן בית שני חורבן בית ראשון שנאמר על נהרות בבל שם ישבנו גם בכינו בית שני דכתיב (תהלים קלז, ז) זכור ה' לבני אדום את יום ירושלים האומרים ערו ערו עד היסוד בה,אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל ואיתימא רבי אמי ואמרי לה במתניתא תנא מעשה בד' מאות ילדים וילדות שנשבו לקלון הרגישו בעצמן למה הן מתבקשים אמרו אם אנו טובעין בים אנו באין לחיי העולם הבא דרש להן הגדול שבהן (תהלים סח, כג) אמר ה' מבשן אשיב אשיב ממצולות ים מבשן אשיב מבין שיני אריה אשיב ממצולות ים אלו שטובעין בים,כיון ששמעו ילדות כך קפצו כולן ונפלו לתוך הים נשאו ילדים ק"ו בעצמן ואמרו מה הללו שדרכן לכך כך אנו שאין דרכנו לכך על אחת כמה וכמה אף הם קפצו לתוך הים ועליהם הכתוב אומר (תהלים מד, כג) כי עליך הורגנו כל היום נחשבנו כצאן טבחה,ורב יהודה אמר זו אשה ושבעה בניה אתיוהו קמא לקמיה דקיסר אמרו ליה פלח לעבודת כוכבים אמר להו כתוב בתורה (שמות כ, ב) אנכי ה' אלהיך אפקוהו וקטלוהו,ואתיוהו לאידך לקמיה דקיסר אמרו ליה פלח לעבודת כוכבים אמר להו כתוב בתורה (שמות כ, ב) לא יהיה לך אלהים אחרים על פני אפקוהו וקטלוהו אתיוהו לאידך אמרו ליה פלח לעבודת כוכבים אמר להו כתוב בתורה (שמות כב, יט) זובח לאלהים יחרם אפקוהו וקטלוהו,אתיוהו לאידך אמרו ליה פלח לעבודת כוכבים אמר להו כתוב בתורה (שמות לד, יד) לא תשתחוה לאל אחר אפקוהו וקטלוהו אתיוהו לאידך אמרו ליה פלח לעבודת כוכבים אמר להו כתוב בתורה (דברים ו, ד) שמע ישראל ה' אלהינו ה' אחד אפקוהו וקטלוהו,אתיוהו לאידך אמרו ליה פלח לעבודת כוכבים אמר להו כתוב בתורה (דברים ד, לט) וידעת היום והשבות אל לבבך כי ה' הוא האלהים בשמים ממעל ועל הארץ מתחת אין עוד אפקוהו וקטלוהו,אתיוהו לאידך אמרו ליה פלח לעבודת כוכבים אמר להו כתוב בתורה (דברים כו, יז) את ה' האמרת וגו' וה' האמירך היום כבר נשבענו להקדוש ברוך הוא שאין אנו מעבירין אותו באל אחר ואף הוא נשבע לנו שאין מעביר אותנו באומה אחרת,א"ל קיסר אישדי לך גושפנקא וגחין ושקליה כי היכי דלימרו קביל עליה הרמנא דמלכא א"ל חבל עלך קיסר חבל עלך קיסר על כבוד עצמך כך על כבוד הקב"ה על אחת כמה וכמה,אפקוהו למיקטליה אמרה להו אימיה יהבוהו ניהלי ואינשקיה פורתא אמרה לו בניי לכו ואמרו לאברהם אביכם אתה עקדת מזבח אחד ואני עקדתי שבעה מזבחות אף היא עלתה לגג ונפלה ומתה יצתה בת קול ואמרה (תהלים קיג, ט) אם הבנים שמחה,ר' יהושע בן לוי אמר זו מילה שניתנה בשמיני ר' שמעון בן לקיש אמר אלו ת"ח שמראין הלכות שחיטה בעצמן דאמר רבא כל מילי ליחזי איניש בנפשיה בר משחיטה ודבר אחר,רב נחמן בר יצחק אמר אלו תלמידי חכמים שממיתין עצמן על דברי תורה כדר' שמעון בן לקיש דאמר ר"ש בן לקיש אין דברי תורה מתקיימין אלא במי שממית עצמו עליהם שנאמר (במדבר יט, יד) זאת התורה אדם כי ימות באהל וגו' אמר רבה בר בר חנה א"ר יוחנן ארבעים סאה | 57b. § With regard to the Babylonian exile following the destruction of the First Temple, b Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin says /b that b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Korḥa says: An old man from /b among b the inhabitants of Jerusalem related to me: In this valley /b that lies before you, b Nebuzaradan, captain of the guard /b of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, b killed 2,110,000 /b people. b And in Jerusalem /b itself b he killed 940,000 /b people b on one stone, until the blood /b of his victims b flowed and touched the blood of Zechariah to fulfill what is stated: “And blood touches blood” /b (Hosea 4:2).,The Gemara clarifies the details of what happened: Nebuzaradan b found the blood of Zechariah, /b the son of Jehoiada the priest, and saw b that it was bubbling up /b from the ground, and b he said: What is this? /b Those in the Temple b said to him: /b It is b sacrificial blood that had been poured /b there. b He brought /b animal b blood, /b compared it to the blood bubbling up from the ground, b and /b saw that b it was not similar /b to it.,Nebuzaradan b said to /b them: b If you tell me /b whose blood this is, it will be b well /b for you. b But if not, I will comb your flesh with iron combs. They said to him: What shall we say to you? He was a prophet among us, who used to rebuke us about heavenly matters, /b and b we rose up against him, and killed him /b (II Chronicles 24:20–22), b and for many years /b now b his blood has not settled. /b ,Nebuzaradan b said to them: I will appease /b Zechariah. b He brought /b the members of b the Great Sanhedrin and /b of b a lesser Sanhedrin /b and b killed them alongside /b the bubbling blood, b but /b it still b did not settle. /b He then brought b young men and virgins and killed them alongside it, but /b it still b did not settle. He /b then b brought schoolchildren and killed them alongside it, but /b it still b did not settle. /b Finally Nebuzaradan b said to him: Zechariah, Zechariah, I have killed the best of them. /b Would it b please you if I destroyed them all? When he said this, /b the blood at last b settled. /b , b At that moment /b Nebuzaradan b contemplated /b the idea of b repentance /b and b said /b to himself: b If, for /b the death of b one soul, /b that of Zechariah, God punishes the Jewish people in b this /b manner, then b that man, /b that is to say, I, b who has killed all of those souls, all the more so /b will be I be subject to great punishment from God. b He fled, sent to his house a document detailing /b what was to be done with his property, b and converted /b to Judaism.,A Sage b taught /b a i baraita /i relating to this matter: b Naaman, /b commander of the army of the king of Aram (see II Kings, chapter 5), was not a convert, as he did not accept all of the mitzvot, but rather he b was a i ger toshav /i , a gentile who resides in Eretz Israel and observes the seven Noahide mitzvot. Nebuzaradan, /b by contrast, b was a convert, /b as explained previously.,The Gemara adds that some b of Haman’s descendants studied Torah in Bnei Brak, /b and some b of Sisera’s descendants taught children /b Torah b in Jerusalem, /b and some b of Sennacherib’s descendants taught Torah in public. Who are they? /b They are b Shemaya and Avtalyon, /b the teachers of Hillel the Elder.,As for the incident involving the blood of Zechariah, b this is /b alluded to by b that which is written: “I have set her blood upon the bare rock that it should not be covered” /b (Ezekiel 24:8).,§ Apropos its discussion of the destruction of the Temple and the calamities that befell Israel, the Gemara cites the verse: b “The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau” /b (Genesis 27:22), which the Sages expounded as follows: b “The voice”; this /b is the cry stirred up by b the emperor Hadrian, who /b caused the Jewish people to cry out when he b killed six hundred thousand on six hundred thousand in Alexandria of Egypt, twice /b the number of men b who left Egypt. “The voice of Jacob”; this is /b the cry aroused by b the emperor Vespasian, who killed four million /b people b in the city of Beitar. And some say: /b He killed b forty million /b people. b “And the hands are the hands of Esau”; this is the wicked kingdom /b of Rome b that destroyed our Temple, burned our Sanctuary, and exiled us from our land. /b , b Alternatively, “the voice is the voice of Jacob” /b means that b no prayer is effective /b in the world b unless /b some member of b the seed of Jacob has /b a part b in it. /b The second clause in the verse, b “and the hands are the hands of Esau,” /b means that b no war grants victory unless /b some member of b the seed of Esau has /b a part b in it. /b , b And this is /b what b Rabbi Elazar says: /b The verse that says: b “You shall be hid from the scourge of the tongue” /b (Job 5:21), means: b You shall /b need to b hide on account of quarrels /b provoked b by the tongue. Rav Yehuda says /b that b Rav says: What /b is the meaning of that b which is written: “By the rivers of Babylonia, there we sat down and wept, when we remembered Zion” /b (Psalms 137:1)? This b teaches that the Holy One, Blessed be He, showed David the destruction of the First Temple and the destruction of the Second Temple. /b He saw the destruction of b the First Temple, as it is stated: “By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down and wept.” /b He saw the destruction of the b Second Temple, as it is written /b later in that same psalm: b “Remember, O Lord, against the children of Edom the day of Jerusalem, when they said: Raze it, raze it, to its very foundation” /b (Psalms 137:7), as the Second Temple was destroyed by the Romans, “the children of Edom.”, b Rav Yehuda says /b that b Shmuel says, and some say /b that it was b Rabbi Ami /b who says this, b and some say /b that b it was taught in a i baraita /i : /b There was b an incident involving four hundred boys and girls who were taken as captives for /b the purpose of b prostitution. /b These children b sensed on their own what they were expected /b to do, and b they said: If we /b commit suicide and b drown in the sea, /b will b we come to /b eternal b life in the World-to-Come? The oldest /b child b among them expounded /b the verse: b “The Lord said, I will bring back from Bashan, I will bring them back from the depths of the sea” /b (Psalms 68:23). b “I will bring back from Bashan,” /b i.e., b from between the teeth [ i bein shen /i ] of the lion, /b and b “I will bring them back from the depths of the sea” /b is referring to b those who drown in the sea /b for the sake of Heaven., b When the girls heard this, they all leapt and fell into the sea. The boys /b then b drew an i a fortiori /i /b inference b with regard to themselves and said: If these /b girls, b for whom /b sexual intercourse with men b is their natural way, /b act in b such /b a manner, then b we, for whom /b sexual intercourse with men b is not our natural way, /b should b all the more so /b conduct ourselves likewise. b They too leapt into the sea. Concerning them /b and others like them b the verse states: “As For Your sake we are killed all the day long; we are reckoned as sheep for the slaughter” /b (Psalms 44:23)., b And Rav Yehuda said: This /b verse applies to the b woman and her seven sons /b who died as martyrs for the sake of the sanctification of God’s name. The incident occurred as follows: b They brought /b in b the first /b of the woman’s sons b before the emperor /b and b said to him: Worship the idol. He said to them: /b I cannot do so, as b it is written in the Torah: “I am the Lord your God” /b (Exodus 20:2). b They /b immediately b took him out and killed him. /b , b And they /b then b brought /b in b another /b son b before the emperor, /b and b said to him: Worship the idol. He said to them: /b I cannot do so, as b it is written in the Torah: “You shall have no other gods beside Me” /b (Exodus 20:3). And so b they took him out and killed him. They /b then b brought in /b yet b another /b son before the emperor, and b said to him: Worship the idol. He said to them: /b I cannot do so, as b it is written in the Torah: “He that sacrifices to any god, /b save to the Lord only, b he shall be utterly destroyed” /b (Exodus 22:19). And so b they took him out and killed him. /b , b They /b then b brought /b in b another /b son, and b said to him: Worship the idol. He said to them: /b I cannot do so, as b it is written in the Torah: “You shall not bow down to any other god” /b (Exodus 34:14). And so b they took him out and killed him. They /b then b brought /b in yet b another /b son, and b said to him: Worship the idol. He said to them: /b I cannot do so, as b it is written in the Torah: “Hear, O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One” /b (Deuteronomy 6:4). And so b they took him out and killed him. /b , b They /b then b brought /b in b another /b son, and b said to him: Worship the idol. He said to them: /b I cannot do so, as b it is written in the Torah: “Know therefore this today, and consider it in your heart, that the Lord, He is God in heaven above and upon the earth beneath; there is no other” /b (Deuteronomy 4:39). And so b they took him out and killed him. /b , b They /b then b brought /b in yet b another /b son, and b said to him: Worship the idol. He said to them: /b I cannot do so, as b it is written in the Torah: “You have avouched the Lord /b this day to be your God… b and the Lord has avouched you this day /b to be a people for His own possession” (Deuteronomy 26:17–18). b We already took an oath to the Holy One, Blessed be He, that we will not exchange Him for a different god, and He too has taken an oath to us that He will not exchange us for another nation. /b ,It was the youngest brother who had said this, and the emperor pitied him. Seeking a way to spare the boy’s life, b the emperor said to him: I will throw down my seal before you; bend over and pick it up, so that /b people b will say /b that b he has accepted the king’s authority [ i harmana /i ]. /b The boy b said to him: Woe [ i ḥaval /i ] to you, Caesar, woe to you, Caesar. /b If you think that b for the sake of your honor /b I should fulfill your command and do b this, /b then b for the sake of the honor of the Holy One, Blessed be He, all the more so /b should I fulfill His command.,As b they were taking him out to be killed, his mother said to them: Give him to me so that I may give him a small kiss. She said to him: My son, go and say to your father Abraham, You bound one /b son to the b altar, but I bound seven altars. She too /b in the end b went up to the roof, fell, and died. A Divine Voice emerged and said: “A joyful mother of children” /b (Psalms 113:9), as she raised her children to be devoted in their service of God., b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says /b concerning the verse: “For Your sake we are killed all the day long” (Psalms 44:23), that b this /b is referring to b circumcision, which was given for the eighth /b day, as the blood of our newborn sons is spilled for the sake of the covet with God. b Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish says: /b This verse was stated in reference to b Torah scholars who demonstrate the i halakhot /i of slaughter on themselves, /b meaning that they demonstrate on their own bodies how ritual slaughter should be performed and occasionally injure themselves in the process. This is b as Rava says: A person may demonstrate anything using himself /b to illustrate the act b except for slaughter and another matter, /b a euphemism for sexual intercourse., b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak says: These /b people in the verse b are Torah scholars who kill themselves over the words of Torah, in accordance with /b the statement of b Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish. As Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish says: The words of the Torah endure only for one who kills himself over them, as it is stated: “This is the Torah, when a man dies in a tent” /b (Numbers 19:14). b Rabba bar bar Ḥana says /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa says: Forty i se’a /i /b |
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26. Babylonian Talmud, Horayot, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 458| 10a. ואח"כ חטא מביא פר חטא ואח"כ עבר ממשיחותו צריכא למימר משום דקתני גבי נשיא דכי עבר מנשיאותו ואח"כ חטא כהדיוט מייתי אהכי תני גבי משיח [חטא ואח"כ עבר] מביא פר,מנא ה"מ דתנו רבנן (ויקרא ד, ג) והקריב על חטאתו מלמד שמביא חטאתו משעבר,שיכול והלא דין הוא ומה נשיא שמביא בשגגת מעשה אין מביא חטאתו משעבר משיח שאין מביא בשגגת מעשה אלא על העלם דבר עם שגגת מעשה [לא] כ"ש תלמוד לומר והקריב על חטאתו מלמד שמביא על חטאתו משעבר,ונייתי נמי נשיא מק"ו ומה משיח שאין מביא בשגגת מעשה מביא חטאת משעבר נשיא שמביא חטאת בשגגת מעשה אינו דין שמביא חטאתו משעבר תלמוד לומר (ויקרא ד, כב) אשר נשיא יחטא כשהוא נשיא אין כשהוא הדיוט לא:, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big חטאו עד שלא נתמנו ואח"כ נתמנו הרי אלו כהדיוטות ר"ש אומר אם נודע להם עד שלא נתמנו חייבים ומשנתמנו פטורים,איזהו נשיא זה מלך שנאמר (ויקרא ד, כב) מכל מצות ה' אלהיו שאין על גביו אלא ה' אלהיו:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big מה"מ דתנו רבנן (ויקרא ד, ג) אם הכהן המשיח יחטא (לאשמת) פרט לקודמות,שיכול והלא דין הוא ומה נשיא שמביא בשגגת מעשה אין מביא על הקודמות משיח שאין מביא אלא על העלם דבר עם שגגת מעשה אינו דין שלא יביא על הקודמות,לא אם אמרת בנשיא שכן אין מביא חטאתו משעבר תאמר במשיח שמביא חטאתו משעבר הואיל ומביא חטאתו משעבר יביא על הקודמות תלמוד לומר המשיח יחטא חטא כשהוא משיח מביא כשהוא הדיוט אינו מביא,ותניא נמי גבי נשיא כה"ג (ויקרא ד, כב) אשר נשיא יחטא פרט לקודמות,שיכול והלא דין הוא ומה משיח שמביא חטאתו משעבר אינו מביא על הקודמות נשיא שאין מביא חטאתו משעבר אינו דין שלא יביא על הקודמות,מה למשיח שכן אין מביא בשגגת מעשה תאמר בנשיא שמביא בשגגת מעשה הואיל ומביא בשגגת מעשה יביא על הקודמות תלמוד לומר אשר נשיא יחטא שחטא והרי הוא נשיא ולא שחטא ועודהו הדיוט:,ת"ר אשר נשיא יחטא יכול גזרה ת"ל אם הכהן המשיח יחטא מה להלן לכשיחטא אף כאן לכשיחטא,אמר מר יכול גזרה גזרה מהיכא תיתי,אמרי אין אשכחן דכתיב (ויקרא יד, לד) ונתתי נגע צרעת בבית ארץ אחוזתכם בשורה היא להם שנגעים באים עליהם דברי רבי יהודה רבי שמעון אומר פרט לנגעי אונסין לאו אמר רבי יהודה בשורה הכא נמי אימא גזרה היא הלכך כתיב אם,ולרבי שמעון נגעי אונסין מי לא מטמו והא תניא (ויקרא יג, ב) אדם כי יהיה מן הדבור ואילך והלא דין הוא טמא בזב וטמא בנגעים מה זב מן הדבור ואילך אף נגעים מן הדבור ואילך,לא אם אמרת בזב שכן אין מטמא באונס תאמר בנגעים שמטמאין באונס תלמוד לומר אדם כי יהיה מן הדבור ואילך רבא אמר פרט לנגעי רוחות רב פפא אמר פרט לנגעי כשפים,תנו רבנן אשר נשיא יחטא פרט לחולה משום דהוה ליה חולה אידחי ליה מנשיאותיה אמר רב אבדימי בר חמא פרט לנשיא שנצטרע שנאמר (מלכים ב טו, ה) וינגע ה' את המלך ויהי מצורע עד יום מותו וישב בבית החפשית ויותם בן המלך על הבית מדקאמר בבית החפשית מכלל דעד השתא עבד הוה,כי הא דר' גמליאל ורבי יהושע הוו אזלי בספינתא בהדי דר' גמליאל הוה פיתא בהדי רבי יהושע הוה פיתא וסולתא שלים פיתיה דר' גמליאל סמך אסולתיה דרבי יהושע אמר ליה מי הוה ידעת דהוה לן עכובא כולי האי דאיתית סולתא אמר ליה כוכב אחד לשבעים שנה עולה ומתעה את (הספינות) [הספנים] ואמרתי שמא יעלה ויתעה [אותנו],אמר ליה כל כך בידך ואתה עולה בספינה א"ל עד שאתה תמה עלי תמה על שני תלמידים שיש לך ביבשה רבי אלעזר חסמא ורבי יוחנן בן גודגדא שיודעין לשער כמה טפות יש בים ואין להם פת לאכול ולא בגד ללבוש נתן דעתו להושיבם בראש,כשעלה שלח להם ולא באו חזר ושלח ובאו אמר להם כמדומין אתם ששררה אני נותן לכם | 10a. b and thereafter sinned brings a bull. /b Does the case of one who b sinned and thereafter moved on from his anointment need to be said? /b It is obvious that he is liable to bring a bull. The Gemara answers: b Due to /b the fact b that /b the i tanna /i b teaches /b the i halakha /i b with regard to a king, that when he moved on from his sovereignty and thereafter sinned he brings. /b an offering b like /b that of b a commoner; therefore, he teaches /b the corresponding i halakha /i b with regard to an anointed /b priest: If b he sinned and thereafter moved on /b from his priesthood, b he brings a bull. /b ,§ With regard to the statement in the mishna concerning an anointed priest who sinned after he was removed from his position, the Gemara asks: b From where are these matters /b derived? The Gemara answers: It is b as the Sages taught: /b It is written with regard to the High Priest: b “And he shall sacrifice for his sin [ i ḥattato /i ] /b that he sinned” (Leviticus 4:3); this b teaches that he brings his sin-offering [ i ḥattato /i ] /b even b after he has moved on /b from his priesthood.,This derivation is necessary, as one b might /b have thought: b Could this not /b be derived through an i a fortiori /i b inference? And if a king, who brings /b a goat as his sin-offering b for the unwitting /b performance b of an action, does not bring /b a goat as b his sin-offering from /b the moment b that he has moved on /b from his sovereignty, b an anointed /b priest, b who does not bring /b a sin-offering b for the unwitting /b performance b of an action /b alone; b rather, /b he is liable b only for absence /b of awareness b of the matter /b by the court together b with unwitting /b performance b of an action, /b is it b not all the more so /b that he will not bring a bull for his sin-offering once he has moved on from the High Priesthood? Therefore, b the verse states: “And he shall sacrifice for his sin [ i ḥattato /i ] /b that he sinned”; this b teaches that he brings his sin-offering [ i ḥattato /i ] /b even b after he has moved on /b from his priesthood.,The Gemara asks: b And let a king /b who is no longer king, b too, bring /b a goat as a sin-offering b based on an i a fortiori /i /b inference: b And if an anointed /b priest, b who does not bring /b an offering b for the unwitting /b performance b of an action, brings a sin-offering after he has moved on /b from the priesthood, then with regard to b a king, who brings a sin-offering for the unwitting /b performance b of an action, is it not logical that he /b still b brings his sin-offering once he has moved on /b from his sovereignty? To counter this, b the verse states: “When a king sins” /b (Leviticus 4:22), from which it is derived: If he sins b when he is king, yes, /b he brings his sin-offering; if he sins b when he is a commoner, no, /b he does not bring his sin-offering., strong MISHNA: /strong If a king or High Priest b sinned before they were appointed, and thereafter they were appointed, /b the status of b these /b people is b like /b that of b commoners; /b they bring the sin-offering of an individual. b Rabbi Shimon says: If it became known to them, before they were appointed /b as king or High Priest, that they had sinned, b they are liable /b to bring the sin-offering of an individual, b but /b if it became known to them b after they were appointed /b as king or High Priest b they are /b completely b exempt. /b , b Who is /b the b i nasi /i ? This is a king, as it is stated: /b “When a i nasi /i sins, and performs any one b of all the mitzvot of the Lord his God /b that shall not be performed, unwittingly, and he is guilty” (Leviticus 4:22), referring to one b who has only the Lord his God over him /b and no other authority. That is only the king., strong GEMARA: /strong The mishna teaches: If a king or High Priest sinned before they were appointed, and thereafter they were appointed, the status of these people is like that of commoners. The Gemara asks: b From where are these matters /b derived? The Gemara answers: It is b as the Sages taught /b with regard to the verse: b “If the anointed priest shall sin to bring guilt” /b (Leviticus 4:3); this serves to b exclude the /b unwitting transgressions he performed b prior /b to his installation as High Priest., b As /b one b might /b have thought: b Could this not /b be derived through an i a fortiori /i b inference? And if a king, who brings /b a goat as his sin-offering b for the unwitting /b performance b of an action, does not bring /b a sin-offering b for the /b unwitting transgressions he performed b prior /b to his coronation, then with regard to b an anointed /b priest, b who brings /b his sin-offering b only for absence /b of awareness b of the matter /b by the court b with the unwitting /b performance b of an action, is it not logical that he will not bring /b his sin-offering b for the prior /b transgressions?,The Gemara rejects this: b No, if you said /b this b with regard to a king, /b that is reasonable, b as he does not bring his /b goat for a b sin-offering once he has moved on /b from his sovereignty, and instead brings the sin-offering of a commoner. b Shall you /b also b say /b this b with regard to an anointed /b priest, b who brings /b a bull for b his sin-offering once he has moved on /b from his priesthood? b Since he brings /b a bull for b his sin-offering /b even b once he has moved on /b from his priesthood, perhaps b he shall bring /b a bull as a sin-offering b for the /b unwitting transgressions he performed b prior /b to his installation as High Priest? Therefore, b the verse states: /b “If b the anointed priest shall sin,” /b from which it is derived: If b he sins when he is /b serving as b an anointed priest he brings /b a bull as his sin-offering; if he sins b when he is an ordinary /b priest b he does not bring /b a bull as his sin-offering., b And it is also taught in this way /b in a i baraita /i b with regard to a king: “When a king sins” /b (Leviticus 4:22); this serves to b exclude the /b unwitting transgressions he performed b prior /b to his coronation as king., b As /b one b might /b have thought: b Could this not /b be derived through an i a fortiori /i b inference? If an anointed /b priest, b who brings /b a bull for b his sin-offering /b even b once he has moved on /b from his priesthood, b does not bring /b his sin-offering b for the /b unwitting transgressions he performed b prior /b to his installation, then with regard to b a king, who does not bring his /b goat for a b sin-offering once he has moved on /b from his sovereignty, b is it not logical that he will not bring /b his sin-offering b for the prior /b transgressions? Apparently, there is no need for the derivation from the verse.,The Gemara notes that this inference can be rejected. b What /b is notable b about an anointed /b priest? He is notable b in that he does not bring /b a sin-offering b for the unwitting /b performance b of an action /b unless it was performed on the basis of an erroneous ruling. b Shall you say /b the same b with regard to a king, who brings /b an offering b for the unwitting /b performance b of an action /b alone, even without an erroneous ruling? b Since he brings /b an offering b for the unwitting /b performance b of an action /b alone, b shall he bring /b a bull as a sin-offering b for the /b unwitting transgressions he performed b prior /b to his coronation? Therefore, b the verse states: “When a king sins,” /b from which it is derived: In a case b where he sins and he is king, /b he brings a bull as his sin-offering, b and not /b in a case b where he sins and he is still a commoner. /b ,§ Apropos a king, b the Sages taught: /b In contrast to other cases where the verse states: If he will sin, it states concerning a king: b “When [ i asher /i ] a king sins.” /b One b might /b have thought that this is b a decree, /b i.e., that it is a given that the king will sin. Therefore, b the verse states: “If the anointed priest shall sin” /b (Leviticus 4:3). b Just as there /b the meaning is: b In the event that /b the priest b shall sin, so too here, /b the meaning is: b In the event that /b the king b shall sin. /b ,The Gemara analyzes the i baraita /i . b The Master said: /b One b might /b have thought that this is b a decree. /b The Gemara asks: b A decree? From where would this be derived? /b Why would it enter one’s mind that there would be a decree that the king must sin?,The Sages b say: Yes, /b there is a basis for that understanding, as b we find /b that type of interpretation elsewhere; b as it is written: /b “When you come into the land of Canaan, which I give to you for a possession, b and I shall place the mark of leprosy in a house of the land of your possession” /b (Leviticus 14:34). b These are tidings /b informing b them, /b i.e., the Jewish people, b that leprous marks /b will b come upon them /b when they enter Eretz Yisrael; this is b the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Shimon says: /b This verse serves to teach that leprosy causes ritual impurity only when its origins are divine, b to the exclusion of leprosy /b that results from b circumstances beyond one’s control, /b i.e., those that have a clear physical cause. b Didn’t Rabbi Yehuda say /b that leprosy could be b tidings, /b i.e., that there will definitely be leprosy? b Here too, /b with regard to the king, b say /b that b it is a decree /b that he will sin. b Therefore, it is written: “If /b the anointed priest shall sin,” meaning that the sin is not a given.,The Gemara asks with regard to the i baraita /i : b And according to Rabbi Shimon, do /b leprous b marks /b that result from b circumstances beyond one’s control not cause ritual impurity? But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i : b “When a person shall have /b in the skin of his flesh a wool-white leprous mark or a scab” (Leviticus 13:2); these i halakhot /i apply b from /b this b statement onward, /b i.e., from the time that God gave this mitzva to the Jewish people, and these i halakhot /i do not apply to leprosy that preceded the giving of the mitzva? b And could this not /b be derived through b logical inference: /b The Torah b deemed /b one b impure in /b the case of b a i zav /i , and /b the Torah b deemed /b one b impure in /b the case of leprous b marks. Just as a i zav /i /b is ritually impure only b from the statement onward, so too, /b with regard to leprous b marks, /b there is impurity only b from that statement onward. /b There is no need for a derivation from the verse Leviticus 13:2.,The i baraita /i continues: This inference can be rejected: b No, if you said /b that b with regard to a i zav /i , /b this is reasonable, b as he does not become impure /b if his condition was caused b by circumstances beyond his control. Shall you say /b the same b with regard to /b leprous b marks, which impart ritual impurity /b when caused b by circumstances beyond one’s control? /b Therefore, b the verse states: “When a person shall have,” /b indicating that there is impurity only b from /b that b statement onward. /b In any case, it is clear that leprosy causes impurity even if it was caused by circumstances beyond his control. b Rava says /b in explanation: The phrase “and I shall place the mark of leprosy” serves b to exclude /b leprous b marks /b caused b by /b evil b spirits. Rav Pappa says /b in explanation: That phrase serves b to exclude /b leprous b marks /b caused b by sorcery. /b ,§ Apropos a king, b the Sages taught /b that when the verse states: b “When a king sins” /b (Leviticus 4:22), this serves b to exclude /b a king who is b ill. /b The Gemara asks: b Due to /b the fact b that he is ill, is he removed from his sovereignty? Rav Avdimi bar Ḥama said: /b The reference is not to all illnesses; rather, it is b to exclude a king who is afflicted with leprosy, as it is stated /b concerning King Azariah: b “And the Lord afflicted the king, so that he was a leper until the day of his death, and dwelt in an independent house. And Jotham, son of the king, was over the household, /b judging the people of the land” (II Kings 15:5). Azariah was removed from his sovereignty when he was afflicted with leprosy. The Gemara comments: b From /b the fact b that /b the verse b states: “In an independent house,” by inference /b it may be understood b that until now he was a servant, /b i.e., he was in servitude to the people.,The Gemara notes: This is b similar /b to b that /b incident b where Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Yehoshua were traveling /b together b on a ship. Rabban Gamliel had /b sufficient b bread /b for the journey. b Rabbi Yehoshua /b also b had /b sufficient b bread, and /b additionally he had b flour. /b The journey lasted longer than expected, and b Rabban Gamliel’s bread was finished. He relied on Rabbi Yehoshua’s flour /b for nourishment. Rabban Gamliel b said to /b Rabbi Yehoshua: b Did you know /b from the outset b that we would have so substantial a delay? /b Is that the reason b that you brought flour /b with you? Rabbi Yehoshua b said to /b Rabban Gamliel: b There is one star that rises once in seventy years and misleads sailors /b at sea, causing their journeys to be extended. b And I said: Perhaps /b that star b will rise /b during our journey b and mislead us. /b ,Rabban Gamliel b said to him: So much /b wisdom is b at your /b disposal, b and you board a ship /b to earn your livelihood? Rabbi Yehoshua b said to him: Before you wonder about me, wonder about two students that you have on dry land, Rabbi Elazar Ḥisma and Rabbi Yoḥa ben Gudgeda, who /b are so wise that they b know /b how b to calculate how many drops /b of water b there are in the sea, and /b yet b they have neither bread to eat nor a garment to wear. /b Rabban Gamliel b made up his mind to seat them at the head /b of the academy., b When /b Rabban Gamliel b ascended /b to dry land, b he sent /b a messenger b to them /b to tell them to come so that he could appoint them b and they did not come. He again sent /b a messenger to them b and they came. /b Rabban Gamliel b said to them: Do you imagine that I am granting you authority, /b and since you did not want to accept the honor you did not come when I sent for you? |
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27. Babylonian Talmud, Sotah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 458| 21a. הן תהוי ארכא לשלותיך וכתיב (דניאל ד, כה) כלא מטא על נבוכדנצר מלכא וכתיב (דניאל ד, כו) לקצת ירחין תרי עשר,לעולם רבי ישמעאל ואשכח קרא דאמר ותני דכתיב (עמוס א, יא) כה אמר ה' על שלשה פשעי אדום,ומאי אע"פ שאין ראיה לדבר זכר לדבר דלמא שאני עובדי כוכבים דלא מפקיד דינא עלייהו,ויש זכות תולה ג' שנים כו' זכות דמאי אילימא זכות דתורה הא אינה מצווה ועושה היא אלא זכות דמצוה,זכות דמצוה מי מגנא כולי האי והתניא את זו דרש רבי מנחם בר יוסי (משלי ו, כג) כי נר מצוה ותורה אור תלה הכתוב את המצוה בנר ואת התורה באור את המצוה בנר לומר לך מה נר אינה מגינה אלא לפי שעה אף מצוה אינה מגינה אלא לפי שעה,ואת התורה באור לומר לך מה אור מגין לעולם אף תורה מגינה לעולם ואומר (משלי ו, כב) בהתהלכך תנחה אותך וגו' בהתהלכך תנחה אותך זה העוה"ז בשכבך תשמור עליך זו מיתה והקיצות היא תשיחך לעתיד לבא,משל לאדם שהיה מהלך באישון לילה ואפילה ומתיירא מן הקוצים ומן הפחתים ומן הברקנים ומחיה רעה ומן הליסטין ואינו יודע באיזה דרך מהלך,נזדמנה לו אבוקה של אור ניצל מן הקוצים ומן הפחתים ומן הברקנים ועדיין מתיירא מחיה רעה ומן הליסטין ואינו יודע באיזה דרך מהלך כיון שעלה עמוד השחר ניצל מחיה רעה ומן הליסטין ועדיין אינו יודע באיזה דרך מהלך הגיע לפרשת דרכים ניצל מכולם,ד"א עבירה מכבה מצוה ואין עבירה מכבה תורה שנאמר (שיר השירים ח, ז) מים רבים לא יוכלו לכבות את האהבה,א"ר יוסף מצוה בעידנא דעסיק בה מגנא ומצלא בעידנא דלא עסיק בה אגוני מגנא אצולי לא מצלא תורה בין בעידנא דעסיק בה ובין בעידנא דלא עסיק בה מגנא ומצלא,מתקיף לה רבה אלא מעתה דואג ואחיתופל מי לא עסקי בתורה אמאי לא הגינה עלייהו אלא אמר רבא תורה בעידנא דעסיק בה מגנא ומצלא בעידנא דלא עסיק בה אגוני מגנא אצולי לא מצלא מצוה בין בעידנא דעסיק בה בין בעידנא דלא עסיק בה אגוני מגנא אצולי לא מצלא,רבינא אמר לעולם זכות תורה ודקאמרת אינה מצווה ועושה נהי דפקודי לא מפקדא באגרא דמקרין ומתניין בנייהו ונטרן להו לגברייהו עד דאתו מבי מדרשא מי לא פלגאן בהדייהו,מאי פרשת דרכים א"ר חסדא זה ת"ח ויום מיתה רב נחמן בר יצחק אמר זה ת"ח ויראת חטא מר זוטרא אמר זה ת"ח דסלקא ליה שמעתתא אליבא דהלכתא,ד"א עבירה מכבה מצוה ואין עבירה מכבה תורה א"ר יוסף דרשיה רבי מנחם בר יוסי להאי קרא כי סיני ואילמלא דרשוה דואג ואחיתופל הכי לא רדפו בתר דוד דכתיב (תהלים עא, יא) לאמר אלהים עזבו וגו',מאי דרוש (דברים כג, טו) ולא יראה בך ערות דבר וגו' והן אינן יודעין שעבירה מכבה מצוה ואין עבירה מכבה תורה,מאי (שיר השירים ח, ז) בוז יבוזו לו אמר עולא לא כשמעון אחי עזריה ולא כר' יוחנן דבי נשיאה,אלא כהלל ושבנא דכי אתא רב דימי אמר הלל ושבנא אחי הוו הלל עסק בתורה שבנא עבד עיסקא לסוף א"ל תא נערוב וליפלוג יצתה בת קול ואמרה (שיר השירים ח, ז) אם יתן איש את כל הון ביתו וגו' | 21a. b and then there shall be an extension to your tranquility” /b (Daniel 4:24). b And it is written: “All this came upon King Nebuchadnezzar” /b (Daniel 4:25), b and it is written /b in the following verse that this occurred: b “At the end of twelve months” /b (Daniel 4:26). None of the opinions in the i baraita /i are in accordance with the mishna’s statement that merit can delay punishment for up to three years.,The Gemara answers: b Actually, /b the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of b Rabbi Yishmael, /b who states that merit delays punishment for one year, b and he found a verse which states and repeats /b the possibility that punishment can be delayed, indicating that merit can delay punishment up to three times, b as it is written: “Thus says the Lord: For three transgressions of Edom, /b yes, but for four, I will not reverse it” (Amos 1:11). Punishment can therefore be delayed for three consecutive periods of one year.,The Gemara asks: b And what /b does Rabbi Yishmael mean by stating: b Although there is no /b explicit b proof for the concept /b of merit delaying punishment for twelve months, there is b an allusion to the concept? /b The verses he cites state explicitly that punishment can be delayed for twelve months. The Gemara answers: The proof is not explicit, as b perhaps gentiles are different, as /b swift b judgment is not administered upon them /b as readily as it is upon the Jewish people, with whom God is more precise in executing judgment.,§ The mishna states: b And there is a merit /b that b delays /b punishment for b three years. /b The Gemara asks: b Which merit /b can delay the punishment of a i sota /i ? b If we say /b it is the b merit of /b the b Torah /b that she has studied; b but /b a woman who studies Torah b is /b one who is b not commanded /b to do so b and performs /b a mitzva, whose reward is less than that of one who is obligated? Therefore, it would be insufficient to suspend her punishment. b Rather, /b perhaps it is the b merit of a mitzva /b that she performed.,The Gemara asks: b Does /b the b merit of a mitzva protect /b one b so much /b as to delay her punishment? b But isn’t it taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Rabbi Menaḥem bar Yosei interpreted this /b verse b homiletically: “For the mitzva is a lamp and the Torah is light” /b (Proverbs 6:23). b The verse associates the mitzva with a lamp and the Torah with /b the b light /b of the sun. b The mitzva /b is associated b with a lamp /b in order b to say to you: Just as a lamp does not protect /b one by its light extensively but b only temporarily, /b while the lamp is in one’s hand, b so too, a mitzva protects /b one b only temporarily, /b i.e., while one is performing the mitzva., b And the Torah /b is associated b with light /b in order b to say to you: Just as /b the b light /b of the sun b protects /b one b forever, so too, /b the b Torah /b one studies b protects /b one b forever; and it states /b in the previous verse with regard to the Torah: b “When you walk, it shall lead you; /b when you lie down, it shall watch over you; and when you awake, it shall talk with you” (Proverbs 6:22). The Gemara explains: b “When you walk, it shall lead you”; this is /b referring to when one is in b this world. “When you lie down, it shall watch over you”; this is /b referring to the time of b death, /b when one lies in his grave. b “And when you awake, it shall talk with you”; /b this is referring b to the time to come /b after the resurrection of the dead. The Torah that one studies protects and guides him both in this world and in the next world.,This can be illustrated by b a parable, /b as it is comparable b to a man who is walking in /b the b blackness of night and the darkness, and he is afraid of the thorns, and of the pits, and of the thistles, /b which he cannot see due to the darkness. b And /b he is also afraid b of /b the b wild animals and of the bandits /b that lurk at night, b and he does not know which way he is walking. /b ,If b a torch of fire comes his way, /b which is analogous to a mitzva, b he is safe from the thorns and from the pits and from the thistles, but he is still afraid of /b the b wild animals and of the bandits, and /b still b does not know which way he is walking. Once the light of dawn rises, /b which is analogous to Torah study, b he is safe from /b the b wild animals and from the bandits, /b which no longer roam the roads, b but he still does not know which way he is walking. /b If b he arrives at a crossroads /b and recognizes the way, b he is saved from all of them. /b , b Alternatively, /b the verse associates the mitzva with a lamp and the Torah with the light of the sun in order to teach that b a transgression extinguishes /b the merit of b a mitzva /b one performed, b but a transgression does not extinguish /b the merit of the b Torah /b one studied, b as it is stated: “Many waters cannot extinguish the love, /b neither can the floods drown it” (Song of Songs 8:7). The Torah is compared to love several times in the Song of Songs. One can conclude from the i baraita /i that the merit of performing a mitzva is insufficient to suspend punishment., b Rav Yosef said /b that with regard to b a mitzva, at the time when one is engaged in its /b performance it b protects /b one from misfortune b and saves /b one from the evil inclination; b at the time when one is not engaged in its /b performance, it b protects /b one from misfortune but it b does not save /b one from the evil inclination. With regard to b Torah /b study, b both at the time when one is engaged in it and at the time when one is not engaged in it, /b it b protects /b one from misfortune b and saves /b one from the evil inclination. Therefore, the merit of the woman’s mitzvot does protect her from misfortune and delay her punishment., b Rabba objects to this /b explanation: b If that is so, /b then with regard to b Doeg /b (see I Samuel, chapters 21–22) b and Ahithophel /b (see II Samuel, chapter 16), who were both wise scholars despite their wickedness, b did they not engage in the /b study of b Torah? Why did /b it b not protect them /b from sinning? b Rather, Rava said: /b With regard to b Torah /b study, b at the time when one is engaged in it, it protects and saves; at the time when one is not engaged in it, it protects /b one from misfortune but b it does not save /b one from the evil inclination. With regard to b a mitzva, both at the time when one is engaged in its /b performance b and at the time when one is not engaged in its /b performance, b it protects /b one from misfortune but it b does not save /b one from the evil inclination., b Ravina said: Actually, /b the merit that delays the punishment of the i sota /i is the b merit of Torah /b study, b and /b with regard to that b which you say, /b i.e., that b she is not commanded /b to do so b and performs /b a mitzva, the mishna is not referring to the merit of her own Torah study. b Granted, she is not commanded /b to study Torah herself; however, b in reward for causing their sons to read /b the Written Torah b and to learn /b the Mishna, b and /b for b waiting for their husbands until they come /b home b from the study hall, don’t they share /b the reward b with their /b sons and husbands? Therefore, if the i sota /i enabled her sons and husband to study Torah, the merit of their Torah study can protect her and delay her punishment.,With regard to the aforementioned parable, the Gemara asks: b What /b is the meaning of the b crossroads, /b which provide clarity? b Rav Ḥisda says: This /b is referring to b a Torah scholar and /b his b day of death. /b Due to his continued commitment to the Torah, when the time comes for him to die, it is clear to him that he will go to the place of his eternal reward. b Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak says: This is a Torah scholar /b who has also acquired b fear of sin, /b as his fear of sin guides him to the correct understanding of the Torah. b Mar Zutra says: This is a Torah scholar who reaches /b conclusions from b his discussion in accordance with the i halakha /i , /b as that is an indication that he is following the right path.,The i baraita /i states: b Alternatively: A transgression extinguishes /b the merit of b a mitzva, but a transgression does not extinguish /b the merit of the b Torah. Rav Yosef says: Rabbi Menaḥem bar Yosei interpreted this verse as /b it was given on Mount b Sinai, and had Doeg and Ahithophel only interpreted it in this way they would not have pursued David, as it is written: /b “For my enemies speak concerning b me…saying, God has forsaken him; /b pursue and take him, for there is none to deliver” (Psalms 71:10–11). Doeg and Ahithophel incorrectly thought that since David had sinned, his sins had extinguished his merits and God had forsaken him.,The Gemara asks: b What /b verse b did /b Doeg and Ahithophel b interpret /b incorrectly, causing them to err? They interpreted this verse: “For the Lord your God walks in the midst of your camp…to give up your enemies before you… b that He see no licentious matter in you, /b and turn away from you” (Deuteronomy 23:15), to indicate that God turns away from one who engaged in forbidden relations, and since David had sinned with Bathsheba God must have turned away from him. b But they did not know that a transgression extinguishes /b the merit of b a mitzva, but a transgression does not extinguish /b the merit of the b Torah. /b ,The Gemara interprets the continuation of the verse cited by the i baraita /i with regard to Torah study: b What /b is the meaning of: “Many waters cannot extinguish the love…if a man would give all the fortune of his house for love, b he would utterly be condemned” /b (Song of Songs 8:7)? The Torah is compared to love several times in the Song of Songs. Therefore, the verse indicates that one cannot acquire a share in the reward for Torah study with money. b Ulla says: /b The verse is b not /b speaking of individuals b like Shimon, brother of Azarya, /b whose brother Azarya supported him and enabled him to study Torah. b And /b it is b not /b speaking of individuals b like Rabbi Yoḥa of the house of the i Nasi /i , /b whom the i Nasi /i supported so that he could study Torah., b Rather, /b it is speaking of individuals b like Hillel and Shevna, as when Rav Dimi came /b to Babylonia b he said: Hillel and Shevna were brothers; Hillel engaged in Torah /b study and remained impoverished, whereas b Shevna entered into a /b business b venture /b and became wealthy. b In the end, /b Shevna b said to /b Hillel: b Come, let us join /b our wealth b together and divide /b it between us; I will give you half of my money and you will give me half of the reward for your Torah study. In response to this request b a Divine Voice issued forth and said: “If a man would give all the fortune of his house /b for love, he would utterly be condemned” (Song of Songs 8:7). |
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28. Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Sigal (2007) 99| 96b. ומי סליק נבוכד נצר לירושלים והכתיב (מלכים ב כה, ו) ויעלו אותו אל מלך בבל רבלתה ואמר ר' אבהו זו אנטוכיא רב חסדא ורב יצחק בר אבודימי חד אמר דמות דיוקנו היתה חקוקה לו על מרכבתו וחד אמר אימה יתירה היתה לו ממנו ודומה כמי שעומד לפניו,אמר רבא טעין תלת מאה כודנייתא נרגא דפרזלא דשליט בפרזלא שדר ליה נבוכדנצר לנבוזראדן כולהו בלעתינהו חד דשא דירושלם שנאמר (תהלים עד, ו) פתוחיה יחד בכשיל וכילפות יהלומון בעי למיהדר אמר מסתפינא דלא ליעבדו בי כי היכי דעבדו בסנחריב,נפקא קלא ואמר שוור בר שוור נבוזראדן שוור דמטא זימנא דמקדשא חריב והיכלא מיקלי פש ליה חד נרגא אתא מחייה בקופא ואיפתח שנאמר (תהלים עד, ה) יודע כמביא למעלה בסבך עץ קרדומות,הוה קטיל ואזל עד דמטא להיכלא אדליק ביה נורא גבה היכלא דרכו ביה מן שמיא שנאמר (איכה א, טו) גת דרך ה' לבתולת בת יהודה קא זיחא דעתיה נפקא בת קלא ואמרה ליה עמא קטילא קטלת היכלא קליא קלית קימחא טחינא טחינת שנאמר (ישעיהו מז, ב) קחי רחים וטחני קמח גלי צמתך חשפי שובל גלי שוק עברי נהרות חטים לא נאמר אלא קמח,חזא דמיה דזכריה דהוה קא רתח אמר להו מאי האי אמרו ליה דם זבחים הוא דאישתפיך אמר להו אייתי ואנסי אי מדמו כסי ולא אידמו אמר להו גלו לי ואי לא סריקנא לכו לבשרייכו במסריקא דפרזלא,אמרו ליה האי כהן ונביא הוא דאינבי להו לישראל בחורבנא דירושלם וקטלוהו אמר להו אנא מפייסנא ליה אייתי רבנן קטיל עילויה ולא נח אייתי דרדקי דבי רב קטיל עילויה ולא נח אייתי פרחי כהונה קטיל עילויה ולא נח עד די קטל עילויה תשעין וארבעה ריבוא ולא נח,קרב לגביה אמר זכריה זכריה טובים שבהן איבדתים ניחא לך דאיקטלינהו לכולהו מיד נח הרהר תשובה בדעתיה אמר מה הם שלא איבדו אלא נפש אחת כך ההוא גברא מה תיהוי עליה ערק שדר פורטיתא לביתיה ואיתגייר,תנו רבנן נעמן גר תושב היה נבוזר אדן גר צדק היה מבני בניו של סיסרא למדו תורה בירושלים מבני בניו של סנחריב לימדו תורה ברבים ומאן נינהו שמעיה ואבטליון,מבני בניו של המן למדו תורה בבני ברק ואף מבני בניו של אותו רשע ביקש הקב"ה להכניסן תחת כנפי השכינה אמרו מלאכי השרת לפני הקב"ה רבונו של עולם מי שהחריב את ביתך ושרף את היכלך תכניס תחת כנפי השכינה היינו דכתיב (ירמיהו נא, ט) רפינו את בבל ולא נרפתה עולא אמר זה נבוכדנצר רבי שמואל בר נחמני אמר אלו נהרות בבל ותרגמה דצינייתא (צרידתא) דבבלאי,אמר עולא עמון ומואב שיבבי בישי דירושלם הוו כיון דשמעינהו לנביאי דקא מיתנבאי לחורבנא דירושלם שלחו לנבוכדנצר פוק ותא אמר מסתפינא דלא ליעבדו לי כדעבדו בקמאי,שלחו ליה (משלי ז, יט) כי אין האיש בביתו הלך בדרך מרחוק ואין איש אלא הקדוש ברוך הוא שנאמר (שמות טו, ג) ה' איש מלחמה שלח להו בקריבא הוא ואתי שלחו ליה הלך בדרך מרחוק שלח להו אית להו צדיקי דבעו רחמי ומייתו ליה,שלחו ליה (משלי ז, כ) צרור הכסף לקח בידו ואין כסף אלא צדיקים שנאמר (הושע ג, ב) ואכרה לי בחמשה עשר כסף וחומר שעורים ולתך שעורים,שלח להו הדרי רשיעי בתשובה ובעו רחמי ומייתו ליה שלחו ליה כבר קבע להן זמן שנאמר (משלי ז, כ) ליום הכסא יבא (לביתו אין כסא אלא זמן שנאמר (תהלים פא, ד) בכסה ליום חגנו שלח להו סיתווא הוא ולא מצינא דאתי מתלגא וממיטרא,שלחו ליה תא אשינא דטורא שנאמר (ישעיהו טז, א) שלחו כר מושל ארץ מסלע מדברה אל הר בת ציון שלח להו אי אתינא לית לי דוכתא דיתיבנא ביה שלחו ליה קברות שלהם מעולין מפלטירין שלך דכתיב (ירמיהו ח, א) בעת ההיא נאום ה' יוציאו את עצמות מלכי יהודה ואת עצמות שריו ואת עצמות הכהנים ואת עצמות הנביאים ואת עצמות יושבי ירושלים מקבריהם ושטחום לשמש ולירח ולכל צבא השמים אשר אהבום ואשר עבדום ואשר הלכו אחריהם,אמר ליה רב נחמן לרבי יצחק מי שמיע לך אימת אתי בר נפלי אמר ליה מאן בר נפלי א"ל משיח משיח בר נפלי קרית ליה א"ל אין דכתיב (עמוס ט, יא) ביום ההוא אקים | 96b. The Gemara asks: b And did Nebuchadnezzar ascend to Jerusalem? But isn’t it written /b with regard to Zedekiah: “And they took the king, b and brought him up to the king of Babylonia, to Riblah” /b (II Kings 25:6), b and Rabbi Abbahu says: This /b place called Riblah is a reference to b Antioch. /b Apparently, Nebuchadnezzar was in Antioch, not in Jerusalem. b Rav Ḥisda and Rav Yitzḥak bar Avudimi /b resolved this apparent contradiction. b One says: An image of /b Nebuchadnezzar’s b likeness was engraved on /b Nebuzaradan’s b chariot, /b and he regarded that image as though Nebuchadnezzar were actually there. b And one says: /b Nebuzaradan b was in extreme fear of /b Nebuchadnezzar, b and it was as though /b Nebuzaradan b was /b always b standing before /b Nebuchadnezzar. That is an example of the honor of a servant to his master mentioned in the verse.,§ The Gemara proceeds to discuss the role of Nebuzaradan in the destruction of the Temple. b Rava says: Nebuchadnezzar sent to Nebuzaradan three hundred mules laden with iron axes that cut iron. All of them were incapacitated /b in the attempt to breach b one gate of Jerusalem, as it is stated: “And now they pound its carved work together with hatchet and with hammers” /b (Psalms 74:6). Nebuzaradan b sought to return /b to Babylonia and b said: I am afraid. /b I want to ensure b that they will not do to me just as they did to Sennacherib, /b whose downfall was in Jerusalem.,A Divine b Voice emerged and said: Leaper, son of a leaper; Nebuzaradan, take /b the b leap, as the time has arrived for the Temple to be destroyed and the Sanctuary to burn. One ax remained for him /b to use. b He went and struck /b the gate b with the dull end /b of the ax b and it opened, as it is stated: “He became known as the wielder of axes upward in a thicket of trees” /b (Psalms 74:5). At the appropriate time the gate was breached as though the ax were cutting trees., b He was proceeding and killing until he reached the Sanctuary. /b When he reached the Sanctuary, b he ignited a fire in it. The Sanctuary rose, /b seeking to enter Heaven so that it would not burn. b They trod upon it from Heaven /b and returned it to its place, b as it is stated: “The Lord has trodden the virgin, the daughter of Judah, as in a winepress” /b (Lamentations 1:15). Nebuzaradan b became haughty, /b taking pride in his conquest. b A Divine Voice emerged and said to him: /b Your haughtiness is unwarranted, as b you killed a nation /b that was already b dead, you burned a Sanctuary /b that was already b burned, /b and b you ground flour /b that was already b ground, as it is stated /b with regard to Babylonia: b “Take millstones and grind flour; uncover your locks, tuck up the train, uncover the leg, pass over rivers” /b (Isaiah 47:2). b It was not stated: /b Grind b wheat, but /b “grind b flour,” /b indicating that all the destruction had already been wrought by God, and the role played by the enemy was insignificant.,When he reached the Sanctuary, b he saw the blood of Zechariah /b the priest b boiling. /b It had not calmed since he was killed in the Temple (see II Chronicles 24:20–22). Nebuzaradan b said to /b the priests there: b What is this? They said to him: It is the blood of offerings that was spilled. /b Nebuzaradan b said to them: Bring /b animals b and I will test /b to determine b if /b the blood of the animals b is similar /b to the blood that is boiling. b He slaughtered /b the animals b and /b their blood b was not similar /b to the boiling blood. Nebuzaradan b said to /b the priests: b Reveal /b the source of that blood b to me, and if not I will comb your flesh with an iron comb. /b ,The priests b said to /b Nebuzaradan: b This /b blood b is /b the blood of b a priest and a prophet who prophesied for the Jewish people with regard to the destruction of Jerusalem and whom they killed. He said to /b the priests: b I will pacify /b the blood so the boiling will stop. b He brought the Sages /b and b killed them over /b the blood b and /b its boiling b did not cease. He brought schoolchildren /b and b killed them over /b the blood b and /b its boiling b did not cease. He brought young priests /b and b killed them over /b the blood b and /b its boiling b did not cease. /b He continued killing b until he killed 940,000 /b people b over /b the blood, b and /b its boiling b did not cease. /b ,Nebuzaradan b approached /b the blood and b said: Zechariah, Zechariah, the worthy among them I killed /b on your behalf. b Is it satisfactory for you that I kill them all? Immediately /b the boiling b ceased. /b Nebuzaradan b contemplated repentance. He said: If they, who caused only one person to perish, /b gained atonement only after all b this /b killing, then with regard to b that man, /b referring to himself, b what will be /b required b for him /b to gain atonement? b He deserted /b his army and b dispatched /b a last b will to his house and converted. /b , b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Naaman /b the Aramean (see II Kings, chapter 5) b was a i ger toshav /i , /b meaning that he accepted upon himself to refrain from idol worship but did not convert to Judaism. b Nebuzaradan was /b a completely b righteous convert. Among the descendants of Sisera /b (see Judges, chapter 4) were those who b studied Torah in Jerusalem. Among the descendants of Sennacherib /b were those who b taught Torah in public. /b The Gemara asks: b And who are they? /b The Gemara answers: They were b Shemaya and Avtalyon. /b ,The i baraita /i continues: b Among the descendants of Haman /b were those who b studied Torah in Bnei Brak. And even among the descendants of that wicked /b person, Nebuchadnezzar, were those whom b the Holy One, Blessed be He, sought to bring beneath the wings of the Divine Presence /b and have them convert. b The ministering angels said before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Master of the Universe: /b The b one who destroyed Your House and burned Your Sanctuary, /b will b You introduce /b him b beneath the wings of the Divine Presence? /b The Gemara explains: b That is /b the meaning of that b which is written: “We have healed Babylonia, but she is not healed” /b (Jeremiah 51:9). b Ulla says: This /b verse b is /b a reference to b Nebuchadnezzar, /b none of whose children converted. b Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani says: /b This is not a reference to a person; rather, b these are the rivers of Babylonia, and interpret it /b as referring to b the bitter saltwater rivers of Babylonia. /b ,§ On a related note, the Gemara describes the events that led to the destruction of the Temple. b Ulla says: Ammon and Moab were bad neighbors of Jerusalem. Once they heard the prophets who prophesied about the destruction of the Jerusalem, they sent to Nebuchadnezzar: Emerge /b from your dwelling place b and come /b conquer them. Nebuchadnezzar b said /b to them: b I am afraid. /b I want to ensure b that they will not do to me just as they did to /b my b predecessors. /b ,Ammon and Moab b sent to him /b that it is written: b “For the i ish /i is not at home; he is gone on a long journey” /b (Proverbs 7:19), b and i ish /i /b is referring to b no /b one b but the Holy One, Blessed be He, as it is stated: “The Lord is an i ish /i of war” /b (Exodus 15:3). Nebuchadnezzar b sent to them /b is response: b He is in a nearby /b location, b and He will come. /b They b sent to /b Nebuchadnezzar: b “He has gone on a journey from afar” /b (Proverbs 7:19). Nebuchadnezzar b said to them: They have righteous /b among them b who will pray for mercy and bring Him /b to return.,Ammon and Moab b sent to /b Nebuchadnezzar: b “He has taken a bundle of i kesef /i with him” /b (Proverbs 7:20), b and i kesef /i /b is referring to b nothing other than the righteous, as it is stated: “So I bought her to me for fifteen pieces of i kesef /i and for a i kor /i of barley and a half- i kor /i of barley” /b (Hosea 3:2). The inference is that God acquired the congregation of Israel due to the presence of righteous people among them, and Ammon and Moab sent a message to Nebuchadnezzar that God had already taken the righteous and they no longer offered protection.,Nebuchadnezzar b sent to them: /b Perhaps b the wicked will repent /b and become righteous b and they will pray for mercy and they will bring Him /b to return. Ammon and Moab b sent to /b Nebuchadnezzar: b God already designated the time of their /b redemption, b as it is stated: “On the day of the i keseh /i , He will come home” /b (Proverbs 7:20), and b i keseh /i /b is referring to b nothing other than /b a designated b time, as it is stated: /b “Sound a i shofar /i at the New Moon, b at the i keseh /i on the day of our feast” /b (Psalms 81:4). Since there is a time designated for redemption, until then you can do as you please. Nebuchadnezzar b sent to them: It is winter /b now b and I cannot come /b and conquer Jerusalem b due to the snow and the rain. /b ,Ammon and Moab b sent to him: Come on the peaks of mountains, /b where the rain does not pool, b as it is stated: “Send the lamb to the ruler of the land from the peaks of the wilderness to the mount of the daughter of Zion” /b (Isaiah 16:1). Nebuchadnezzar b sent to them: If I come /b to Jerusalem, b I /b will b have no place to dwell /b while laying siege to the city. Ammon and Moab b sent to him: Their burial caves are superior to your palaces, /b and you can clear the caves and dwell there, b as it is written: “At that time, says the Lord, they shall remove the bones of the kings of Judea, and the bones of his princes, and the bones of the priests, and the bones of the prophets and the bones of the inhabitants of Jerusalem from their graves; and they shall spread them before the sun and the moon and all of the hosts of heaven, whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and after whom they have walked” /b (Jeremiah 8:1–2). Ultimately Nebuchadnezzar came to conquer Judea and removed the corpses to make room for his army.,§ b Rav Naḥman said to Rabbi Yitzḥak: Have you heard when the son of giants [ i bar niflei /i ] will come? /b Rabbi Yitzḥak b said to him: Who /b is b the son of giants? /b Rav Naḥman b said to him: /b He is the b Messiah. /b Rabbi Yitzḥak asked him: Do b you call the Messiah son of giants? /b Rav Naḥman b said to him: Yes, as it is written: “On that day I will establish /b |
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29. Babylonian Talmud, Pesahim, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •bet din Found in books: Sigal (2007) 99| 70b. במרובה מנא ידעי,ואלא שבא בטומאה סוף סוף מנא ידעי,דמית נשיא דמית נשיא אימת אילימא דמית בשלשה עשר סכין למה לי דמטבליה ואלא דמית בארבעה עשר מאי שנא סכין דמטביל ומאי שנא קופיץ דלא מטביל לה,לא צריכא דנשיא גוסס בשלשה עשר סכין דחד ספיקא מטביל לה קופיץ דתרי ספיקי לא מטביל לה,תניא יהודה בן דורתאי פירש הוא ודורתאי בנו והלך וישב לו בדרום אמר אם יבוא אליהו ויאמר להם לישראל מפני מה לא חגגתם חגיגה בשבת מה הן אומרים לו תמהני על שני גדולי הדור שמעיה ואבטליון שהן חכמים גדולים ודרשנין גדולים ולא אמרו להן לישראל חגיגה דוחה את השבת,אמר רב מ"ט דבן דורתאי דכתיב (דברים טז, ב) וזבחת פסח לה' אלהיך צאן ובקר והלא אין פסח אלא מן הכבשים ומן העזים אלא צאן זה פסח בקר זו חגיגה ואמר רחמנא וזבחת פסח,א"ר אשי ואנן טעמא דפרושים ניקו ונפרוש אלא קרא לכדרב נחמן הוא דאתא דאמר רב נחמן אמר רבה בר אבוה מניין למותר הפסח שקרב שלמים,שנא' וזבחת פסח לה' אלהיך צאן ובקר וכי פסח מן הבקר בא והלא אין פסח בא אלא מן הכבשים ומן העזים אלא מותר הפסח יהא לדבר הבא מן הצאן ומן הבקר,ורבנן מ"ט לא דחי שבת הא ודאי קרבן ציבור הוא,א"ר אילעא משום רבי יהודה בן ספרא אמר קרא (ויקרא כג, מא) וחגותם אותו חג לה' שבעת ימים בשנה שבעה שמונה הוו אלא מכאן לחגיגה שאינה דוחה את השבת,כי אתא רבין אמר אמרתי לפני רבותי פעמים שאי אתה מוצא אלא ששה כגון שחל י"ט הראשון של חג בשבת אמר אביי אבין תכלא לימא כי הא מילתא שמנה לא משכחת לה כלל שבעה איתא ברוב שנים,אמר עולא אמר רבי אלעזר שלמים ששחטן מערב י"ט אינו יוצא בהן לא משום שמחה ולא משום חגיגה משום שמחה דכתיב (דברים כז, ז) וזבחת ושמחת בעינן זביחה | 70b. with few people registered for it, so that each person receives a b large /b portion of the offering. Therefore, there is no need for a Festival peace-offering or for a cleaver. The Gemara questions this answer: b How do /b the owners b know /b already on the thirteenth that only a small number of people will be registered for the Paschal lamb? Perhaps more people will register for the offering before it is slaughtered, in which case we should assume that the cleaver was immersed, as it might be necessary to bring a Festival peace-offering together with the Paschal lamb., b Rather, /b we must say that we are talking about a Paschal lamb b that came in /b a state of b ritual impurity, /b in which case a Festival peace-offering is not brought, and consequently there is no need for a cleaver. The Gemara asks: b Ultimately, how do /b the owners b know /b already on the thirteenth when they are immersing their knives that the Paschal lamb will be brought in ritual impurity, so that they need not immerse their chopping knives? Perhaps it will turn out that most of the community is ritually pure.,The Gemara answers that we are talking about a situation b where the i Nasi /i died, /b in which case all of Israel must defile themselves in order to participate in his burial. The Gemara asks: b When did the i Nasi /i die? If you say that he died on the thirteenth /b and everyone became ritually impure as a result, b why do I /b need b to immerse the /b slaughtering b knife /b to begin with? It will become ritually impure again in any event. b Rather, he died on the fourteenth /b and they did not know in advance that the Paschal lamb would be brought in a state of impurity. But if so, b what is different /b about b the /b slaughtering b knife /b that b he immerses /b it b and what is different /b about b the cleaver /b that b he does not immerse it? /b ,The Gemara answers: b It was necessary /b to teach this i halakha /i b only /b in a case where b the i Nasi /i was in a dying state on the thirteenth. /b With regard to b a /b slaughtering b knife, /b about which there is only b one doubt, /b that perhaps the i Nasi /i will die before the Festival and the Paschal lamb will be brought in a state of ritual impurity, b he immerses it, /b for if the i Nasi /i does not die he will need a ritually pure knife to slaughter his Paschal lamb. With regard to b a cleaver, /b about which there are b two doubts, /b that perhaps the i Nasi /i will die and a ritually pure knife will not be needed, and that even if he does not die, perhaps the meat of the Paschal lamb will be plentiful and the Festival peace-offering will not be brought, b he does not immerse it. /b , b It was taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Yehuda ben Dortai separated /b himself from the other Rabbis, b he and Dortai his son, and went and settled in the south /b so that he would not be obligated to bring the Paschal lamb, seeing that he was at a great distance from Jerusalem. He did this because he disagreed with the Rabbis with regard to the Festival peace-offering of the fourteenth, which in their view does not override Shabbat. b He said: If Elijah will come and say to the Jewish people: For what /b reason b did you not sacrifice the Festival peace-offering on Shabbat, what /b will b they say to him? I am astounded at the two /b most b eminent /b scholars b of the generation, Shemaya and Avtalyon, who are great sages and great expositors /b of the Torah, b and /b yet b they did not tell the Jewish people /b that even b the Festival peace-offering /b of the fourteenth b overrides Shabbat. /b , b Rav said: What is ben Dortai’s reason? As it is written: “And you shall slaughter the Paschal offering to the Lord your God from the flock and from the herd, /b in the place which the Lord shall choose to rest His name there” (Deuteronomy 16:2). A question must be asked: Does the Paschal offering come from the herd, i.e., from cattle? b Doesn’t the Paschal offering /b come b from only the sheep and from the goats, /b as commanded in the book of Exodus (12:5)? b Rather, /b the verse should be understood as follows. b “Flock”; this /b is referring to b the Paschal offering. “Herd”; this /b is referring to b the Festival peace-offering /b that is brought along with it. b And the Merciful One says: “And you shall slaughter the Paschal offering,” /b thus teaching that the two offerings are sacrificed together. From here ben Dortai derived that the Festival peace-offering of the fourteenth is like the Paschal offering in every way, and so it too overrides Shabbat., b Rav Ashi said: Need we arise and explain the reason of those who separated /b themselves from the other Rabbis? Ben Dortai and his son broke away from all the other sages of the Jewish people, and we need not occupy ourselves with the opinions of such people. b Rather, the verse comes /b to explain the opinion of b Rav Naḥman, for Rav Naḥman said that Rabba bar Avuh said: From where /b is it derived that b a leftover Paschal offering is sacrificed as a peace-offering? /b A leftover Paschal offering is an animal that had been consecrated as a Paschal offering but was subsequently lost and later found after a different animal had already been sacrificed in its place. Alternatively, if one set aside and consecrated money for the purchase of a Paschal lamb and then the price of livestock dropped so that there was money left over after the purchase was made, the extra money has the status of a leftover Paschal lamb., b As it is stated: “And you shall slaughter the Paschal offering to the Lord your God from the flock and from the herd.” Does the Paschal offering come from the herd? Doesn’t it come from only the sheep and from the goats? Rather, /b the verse comes to teach that b a leftover Paschal offering shall be /b brought b as something that comes from the flock and from the herd, /b that is, as a peace-offering, which may be brought from all types of flock and cattle, including both males and females.,The Gemara asks about the crux of the matter: b And /b according to the opinion of b the Rabbis, what is the reason /b that the Festival peace-offering b does not override Shabbat? It is certainly a communal offering, /b and all communal offerings override Shabbat., b Rabbi Ile’a said in the name of Rabbi Yehuda ben Safra: The verse said /b with regard to the festival of i Sukkot /i : b “And you shall celebrate it as a Festival for the Lord, seven days in the year; /b it shall be a statute forever in your generations; you shall celebrate it in the seventh month” (Leviticus 23:41). Now is the festival of i Sukkot /i b seven /b days? b They are eight /b days, as the Eighth Day of Assembly is always celebrated at the conclusion of i Sukkot /i . b Rather, from here /b we derive b that the Festival peace-offering /b [ b i ḥagiga /i /b ], about which the verse states: “And you shall celebrate [ i veḥagotem /i ] it,” b does not override Shabbat. /b Since every eight-day period contains a Shabbat, the Torah said that the Festival [ i ḥag /i ] is celebrated, i.e., the Festival peace-offering [ i ḥagiga /i ] can be brought the entire seven days of the Festival., b When Ravin came /b from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, b he said: I said before my teachers, /b pointing out the following difficulty with regard to this source: b There are times when you find only six /b days on which the Festival peace-offering can be brought, b for example, when the first day of the Festival occurs on Shabbat, /b in which case the Eighth Day of Assembly also falls on Shabbat, and so there are only six days on which the Festival peace-offering may be brought. b Abaye said: Would the bereaved Avin, /b another name for Ravin, b say such a thing /b and be so careless as to ask an unfounded question? There is a big difference: b Eight you do not find at all; /b the eight days of the Festival cannot possibly pass without a Shabbat. But b seven /b days on which the Festival peace-offering can be brought b are /b in fact b found in most years. /b , b Ulla said that Rabbi Elazar said: /b With regard to b peace-offerings that one slaughtered on the eve of the Festival, one fulfills with them neither /b the mitzva to bring peace-offerings of b rejoicing nor /b the mitzva to bring a b Festival peace-offering. /b The mitzva of bringing peace-offerings of b rejoicing /b is not fulfilled, b as it is written: “And you shall slaughter /b peace-offerings and eat there, b and you shall rejoice /b before the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 27:7). Based on this verse, b we require /b that the b slaughter /b be |
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30. Babylonian Talmud, Bava Batra, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •av bet din Found in books: Levine (2005) 338| 8b. פדיון שבוים מצוה רבה היא,אמר ליה רבא לרבה בר מרי מנא הא מילתא דאמור רבנן דפדיון שבוים מצוה רבה היא א"ל דכתיב (ירמיהו טו, ב) והיה כי יאמרו אליך אנה נצא ואמרת אליהם כה אמר ה' אשר למות למות ואשר לחרב לחרב ואשר לרעב לרעב ואשר לשבי לשבי ואמר רבי יוחנן כל המאוחר בפסוק זה קשה מחבירו,חרב קשה ממות אי בעית אימא קרא ואי בעית אימא סברא אי בעית אימא סברא האי קא מינוול והאי לא קא מינוול ואי בעית אימא קרא (תהלים קטז, טו) יקר בעיני ה' המותה לחסידיו,רעב קשה מחרב איבעית אימא סברא האי קא מצטער והאי לא קא מצטער איבעית אימא קרא (איכה ד, ט) טובים היו חללי חרב מחללי רעב שבי [קשה מכולם] דכולהו איתנהו ביה:,תנו רבנן קופה של צדקה נגבית בשנים ומתחלקת בשלשה נגבית בשנים שאין עושים שררות על הצבור פחות משנים ומתחלקת בשלשה כדיני ממונות,תמחוי נגבית בשלשה ומתחלקת בשלשה שגבויה וחלוקה שוים תמחוי בכל יום קופה מערב שבת לערב שבת,תמחוי לעניי עולם קופה לעניי העיר ורשאים בני העיר לעשות קופה תמחוי ותמחוי קופה ולשנותה לכל מה שירצו,ורשאין בני העיר להתנות על המדות ועל השערים ועל שכר פועלים ולהסיע על קיצתן,אמר מר אין עושין שררות על הצבור פחות משנים מנא הני מילי אמר רב נחמן אמר קרא (שמות כח, ה) והם יקחו את הזהב וגו',שררות הוא דלא עבדי הא הימוני מהימן מסייע ליה לרבי חנינא דאמר רבי חנינא מעשה ומינה רבי שני אחין על הקופה,מאי שררותא דאמר רב נחמן אמר רבה בר אבוה לפי שממשכנין על הצדקה ואפילו בערב שבת איני והא כתיב (ירמיהו ל, כ) ופקדתי על כל לוחציו ואמר ר' יצחק בר שמואל בר מרתא משמיה דרב ואפילו על גבאי צדקה,לא קשיא הא דאמיד הא דלא אמיד כי הא דרבא אכפיה לרב נתן בר אמי ושקיל מיניה ארבע מאה זוזי לצדקה,(דניאל יב, ג) והמשכילים יזהירו כזוהר הרקיע וגו' (המשכילים יזהירו כזוהר הרקיע) זה דיין שדן דין אמת לאמתו (דניאל יב, ג) ומצדיקי הרבים ככוכבים לעולם ועד אלו גבאי צדקה,במתניתא תנא והמשכילים יזהירו כזוהר הרקיע זה דיין שדן דין אמת לאמתו וגבאי צדקה ומצדיקי הרבים ככוכבים לעולם ועד אלו מלמדי תינוקות כגון מאן אמר רב כגון רב שמואל בר שילת דרב אשכחיה לרב שמואל בר שילת דהוה קאי בגינתא אמר ליה שבקתיה להימנותך אמר ליה הא תליסר שנין דלא חזיא לי והשתא נמי דעתאי עלויהו,ורבנן מאי אמר רבינא (שופטים ה, לא) ואוהביו כצאת השמש בגבורתו,תנו רבנן גבאי צדקה אינן רשאין לפרוש זה מזה אבל פורש זה לשער וזה לחנות מצא מעות בשוק לא יתנם בתוך כיסו אלא נותנן לתוך ארנקי של צדקה ולכשיבא לביתו יטלם כיוצא בו היה נושה בחבירו מנה ופרעו בשוק לא יתננו לתוך כיסו אלא נותנן לתוך ארנקי של צדקה ולכשיבא לביתו יטלם,תנו רבנן גבאי צדקה שאין להם עניים לחלק פורטין לאחרים ואין פורטין לעצמן גבאי תמחוי שאין להם עניים לחלק מוכרין לאחרים ואין מוכרין לעצמן מעות של צדקה אין מונין אותן שתים אלא אחת אחת,אמר אביי מריש לא הוה יתיב מר אציפי דבי כנישתא כיון דשמעה להא דתניא ולשנותה לכל מה שירצו הוה יתיב אמר אביי מריש הוה עביד מר תרי כיסי חד לעניי דעלמא וחד לעניי דמתא כיון דשמעה להא דאמר ליה שמואל לרב תחליפא בר אבדימי עביד חד כיסא | 8b. that b redeeming captives is a great mitzva. /b , b Rava said to Rabba bar Mari: /b Concerning b this matter that the Sages stated, that redeeming captives is a great mitzva, from where is /b it derived? Rabba bar Mari b said to him: As it is written: “And it shall come to pass, when they say to you: To where shall we depart? Then you shall tell them: So says the Lord: Such as are for death, to death; and such as are for the sword, to the sword; and such as are for famine, to famine; and such as are for captivity, to captivity” /b (Jeremiah 15:2). b And Rabbi Yoḥa says: Whichever /b punishment b is /b written b later in this verse is more severe than the one /b before it.,Rabbi Yoḥa explains: b The sword is worse than death. If you wish, say /b that this is learned from b a verse; if you wish, say /b instead that it is derived by way of b logical reasoning. If you wish, say /b that this is derived by way of b logical reasoning: This /b punishment, i.e., death by sword, b mutilates /b the body, b but that /b punishment, i.e., natural death, b does not mutilate /b it. b And if you wish, say /b that the fact that the sword is worse than death is learned from b a verse: “Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of His pious ones” /b (Psalms 116:15)., b Famine is worse than the sword. If you wish, say /b that this is derived by way of b logical reasoning: This one, /b who dies of famine, b suffers /b greatly before departing from this world, b but that one, /b who dies by the sword, b does not suffer. If you wish, say /b instead that the fact that famine is worse than the sword is learned from b a verse: “More fortunate were the victims of the sword than the victims of famine” /b (Lamentations 4:9). And b captivity is worse than all of them, as it includes all of them, /b i.e., famine, the sword, and death.,§ In connection with the previous discussion concerning charity distribution, the Gemara cites a i baraita /i in which b the Sages taught: /b Money for b the charity fund is collected by two /b people b and distributed by three /b people. b It is collected by two /b people b because one does not appoint an authority over the community /b composed b of fewer than two /b people. b And it is distributed by three people, like /b the number of judges needed in cases of b monetary law, /b since the distributors determine who receives money and who does not, as well as how much each person receives.,Food for b the charity platter is collected by three /b people b and distributed by three /b people b because its collection and its distribution /b take place on b the same /b day. Food for b the charity platter /b is collected and distributed b every day, /b and therefore a third individual must participate in the collection so that he will be available to take part in the distribution without delay; whereas the money of b the charity fund /b is distributed only once a week, on b each Shabbat eve. /b ,There are additional differences between these two types of charity operations: The food from b the charity platter /b is distributed b to the poor of the world, /b meaning, to any poor individual arriving in the city; the money of b the charity fund /b is allocated exclusively b to the poor of the city. But it is permitted for the residents of the city to use /b money that has been collected for b the charity fund /b to purchase food for b the charity platter /b to feed the poor; b and /b similarly they may use food that had been collected for b the charity platter /b for b the charity fund. /b In general, it is permitted for them b to change /b the purpose toward which charity will be used b to whatever they want, /b in accordance with the needs of the community.,Similarly, b it is permitted for the residents of the city to set the measures /b used in that city, b the prices /b set for products sold there, b and the wages /b paid b to /b its b workers, and to fine /b people b for violating their /b specifications, in order to enforce observance of these i halakhot /i . This marks the end of the i baraita /i , the details of which the Gemara proceeds to analyze., b The Master said /b in the i baraita /i : b One does not appoint an authority over the community /b composed b of fewer than two /b people. The Gemara asks: b From where are these matters /b derived? b Rav Naḥman says /b that this is derived from a verse referring to those engaged in building the Tabernacle and weaving the priestly vestments, who received the community’s donations. b The verse states: “And they shall take the gold, /b and the sky-blue wool, and the purple wool” (Exodus 28:5). The plural “they” indicates that the collection must be performed by two people.,The Gemara comments: The i baraita /i indicates that b authority may not be exercised /b by less than two people, b but /b even a single individual b is trusted /b to be a treasurer. That is, money for the charity fund is collected by two people, not because a single individual is not trusted not to misappropriate the money, but rather because a single individual should not be given authority over the community. b This supports /b the opinion b of Rabbi Ḥanina, as Rabbi Ḥanina says: There was an incident where Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b appointed two brothers to /b administer b the charity fund. /b Even though the brothers were relatives who are not trusted to testify against each other, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi was not concerned and he appointed them.,The Gemara asks: b What authority /b is associated with collecting charity? The Gemara answers: b As Rav Naḥman says /b that b Rabba bar Avuh says: Because they can seize collateral for the charity; /b i.e., they can collect charity by force, b and even on Shabbat eve, /b when people are busy and might claim that they have no time or money. The Gemara objects: b Is that so? But isn’t it written: “I will punish all that oppress them” /b (Jeremiah 30:20), b and Rabbi Yitzḥak bar Shmuel bar Marta says in the name of Rav: And /b punishment will be meted out b even to charity collectors? /b If charity collectors are permitted to force people to contribute charity, why are they counted among Israel’s oppressors?,The Gemara answers: This is b not difficult. This, /b Rabbi Naḥman’s statement, applies b when /b the contributor is b rich, /b in which case the collectors may seize money from him even by force. b That, /b Rabbi Yitzḥak’s statement, applies b when /b he is b not rich, /b in which case the collectors who take money from him by force are termed oppressors of Israel. b This /b right to force contributions from the rich is b like /b what occurred in the incident in which b Rava compelled Rav Natan bar Ami and took four hundred dinars from him for charity. /b ,Having raised the issue of charity collection, the Gemara cites various rabbinic expositions with regard to the matter. The verse states: b “And they who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the firmament; /b and they who turn many to righteousness like the stars for ever and ever” (Daniel 12:3). b “And they who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the firmament”; this is a judge who judges an absolutely true judgment, /b as his wisdom and understanding lead him to a correct judgment. b “And they who turn many to righteousness like the stars for ever and ever”; these are the charity collectors, /b who facilitate the giving of charity., b It was taught in a i baraita /i : “And they who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the firmament”; this is a judge who judges an absolutely true judgment and /b also b charity collectors. “And they who turn many to righteousness like the stars for ever and ever”; these are schoolteachers. /b The Gemara asks: b Like whom? /b Certainly not every schoolteacher is worthy of such accolades. b Rav said: For example, Rav Shmuel bar Sheilat. As /b it is told that b Rav /b once b found Rav Shmuel bar Sheilat standing in a garden. /b Rav b said to him: Have you abandoned your trust /b and neglected your students? Rav Shmuel bar Sheilat b said to him: It has been thirteen years /b now b that I have not seen /b my garden, b and even now my thoughts are on /b the children.,In light of the praises heaped upon judges, tax collectors, and schoolteachers, the Gemara asks: b And what /b was said about b the Sages? Ravina said /b that about them it is stated: b “But let them that love Him be as the sun when it comes out in its might” /b (Judges 5:31).,The Gemara resumes its discussion of the i halakhot /i of charity collection: b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Charity collectors may not separate from each other, /b each one collecting in a different place; b but /b in a place where the two can see each other, one collector b may separate /b from the other, e.g., b this /b one going b to the gate /b of a house b and that /b one going b to a store. /b If a charity collector b found coins in the market, he may not put them into his /b own b pocket, but /b rather b he must put them into the charity purse, and /b then later b when he comes home, he may take them /b from there. This is necessary so that people should not suspect him of taking charity money for himself. b Similarly, /b if the charity collector b was owed one hundred dinars by another, and /b the latter b repaid /b his debt b in the market, /b the collector b may not put /b the money he received b into his /b own b pocket, but /b rather b he must put it into the charity purse, and /b then later b when he comes home, he may take it. /b , b The Sages taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Charity collectors who have no poor people to /b whom they can b distribute /b the money, b may exchange [ i poretin /i ] /b the money, i.e., exchange the copper coins, which tend to rust, for silver dinars, b with other /b people, b but they should not change it /b by b themselves, /b i.e., with their own coins, to avoid any suspicion of wrongdoing. Likewise, b collectors /b of food b for the charity platter who do not have poor people /b to whom b to distribute /b the food b may sell /b the food b to others, but they should not sell it to themselves, /b for a similar reason. b Coins of charity are not counted two /b by two, b but rather one by one, /b to avoid errors in tallying., b Abaye said: At first, /b my b Master, /b Rabba, b would not sit on the mats in the synagogue because /b they had been purchased with charity funds. b Once he heard that which is taught /b in a i baraita /i , that it is permitted for the residents of a city b to change /b the purpose toward which charity will be used b to whatever they want, he did sit /b on them. b Abaye said: At first, /b my b Master, /b Rabba, b would make two purses, one for the poor of /b the rest of b the world, and one for the poor of his city. Once he heard what Shmuel said to Rav Taḥalifa bar Avdimi: Make /b only b one purse, /b |
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| 31. Anon., Tanhuma, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Levine (2005) 458 |
