The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Index Database

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Full texts for Hebrew Bible and rabbinic texts is kindly supplied by Sefaria; for Greek and Latin texts, by Perseus Scaife, for the Quran, by Tanzil.net

For a list of book indices included, see here.

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All subjects (including unvalidated):

subject	book bibliographic info
auspical, warnings, livy, on flaminius’ neglect of	Konrad (2022) 240, 242, 243, 247, 248
auspicate, licinius crassus, c., fails to	Konrad (2022) 283, 284
auspicates, before moving army, aemilius paullus, l.	Konrad (2022) 158, 159, 263, 264
auspicates, in absence of dictator, magister equitum	Konrad (2022) 114, 115, 126, 148
auspicatio, auspication,	Mackey (2022) 345, 347, 350, 352, 357, 366
auspication	Konrad (2022) 38, 40, 42, 45, 49, 58, 59, 60, 76, 100, 101, 114, 115, 116, 119, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 141, 142, 152, 205, 280, 281, 287, 289
auspication, acquired, through initial, auspication,	Konrad (2022) 46, 47, 54, 55, 56, 141, 142
auspication, alternatives to	Konrad (2022) 167, 212
auspication, and, agri	Konrad (2022) 58, 59
auspication, and, historical tradition	Konrad (2022) 2, 3, 16, 17, 19, 126, 139, 140, 199, 240, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 258, 263, 289
auspication, and, naval warfare	Konrad (2022) 157, 158
auspication, and, res publica	Konrad (2022) 39, 40, 42, 43, 169, 191, 192, 265, 280, 281, 289
auspication, and, water	Konrad (2022) 156, 157, 158, 159
auspication, at pomerium	Konrad (2022) 50
auspication, before battle	Konrad (2022) 149, 152, 155, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 181, 242, 243, 244, 281
auspication, before moving of army/sailing of fleet	Konrad (2022) 158, 159, 162, 163, 248, 277
auspication, initial	Konrad (2022) 45, 46, 47, 59, 65, 195
auspication, omitted	Konrad (2022) 40, 42, 283, 284, 285
auspices	Davies (2004) 72, 83, 102, 125, 128, 131, 137, 168, 202, 206, 241, 250 Shannon-Henderson (2019) 4, 7, 61, 63, 93, 96, 146, 148, 253, 328
auspices, and defeat as wound, flaminius, c., neglect of	Walters (2020) 61
auspices, and papirius cursor, l., imperium, claims supremacy of dictator’s	Konrad (2022) 16, 30, 112, 115, 148
auspices, at cannae, battle of	Konrad (2022) 263, 264
auspices, at terentius varro, c., cannae, questioned about	Konrad (2022) 263
auspices, attempts alternative to, lutatius cerco, q.	Konrad (2022) 167, 212, 266
auspices, augustus, and	Konrad (2022) 289
auspices, before moving army, fabius maximus verrucosus, q.	Konrad (2022) 159, 277
auspices, claims independence of fabius maximus rullianus, q.	Konrad (2022) 16, 112, 126, 127, 148
auspices, claudius marcellus, m., oblative, avoidance of	Konrad (2022) 276
auspices, coelius antipater, l., on flaminius’ neglect of	Konrad (2022) 239, 240, 242, 243, 245
auspices, comitia, grant imperium and right to	Konrad (2022) 141, 142
auspices, contempt for/neglect of flaminius, c.	Konrad (2022) 175, 181, 212, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248
auspices, critics augurium, of power struggle with	Konrad (2022) 280
auspices, dionysios of halikarnassos, on	Konrad (2022) 45
auspices, distinct from/overlap with, prodigium	Konrad (2022) 43, 62, 63, 245, 281, 282, 284, 285, 286
auspices, elected under same as consuls, praetors	Konrad (2022) 16, 171
auspices, exclusive responsibility for, augurium	Konrad (2022) 39, 40, 42, 281, 282, 286
auspices, for battle, vitium, at	Konrad (2022) 258, 263, 265, 269
auspices, grants/withholds permission through, iuppiter	Konrad (2022) 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 88, 89, 96, 100, 101, 103, 104, 134, 135, 155, 158, 167, 243, 244
auspices, ignored by, iunius pullus, l.	Konrad (2022) 148, 149, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 266, 287, 288
auspices, lack of privatus	Konrad (2022) 54, 55, 59, 141, 142
auspices, lack of promagistrates	Konrad (2022) 124, 125, 141, 142
auspices, lacks valid, flaminius, c.	Konrad (2022) 53, 54, 55, 186, 194, 196, 202, 203, 212, 213, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 253, 283
auspices, magister equitum, of acquired through dictio by dictator	Konrad (2022) 115, 116, 134, 205
auspices, magister equitum, of codependent with dictator’s	Konrad (2022) 116, 126, 134, 143, 148, 194, 269
auspices, magistrates, have	Konrad (2022) 42, 43, 59
auspices, not concerned with, haruspex/haruspices	Konrad (2022) 286
auspices, observed by, flaminius, c.	Konrad (2022) 181, 194, 195, 212, 242
auspices, observed by, furius philus, p.	Konrad (2022) 181, 182, 194, 195
auspices, observed by, terentius varro, c.	Konrad (2022) 158, 159, 263, 264
auspices, of investiture, claudius marcellus, m.	Konrad (2022) 274, 276
auspices, of magistrates, valerius messalla rufus, m., on	Konrad (2022) 85, 97, 98, 101
auspices, of roman religion	Mackey (2022) 352, 353, 354
auspices, practice claudius pulcher, p., of attacked by	Konrad (2022) 260, 261, 266, 269, 287
auspices, practice flaminius, c., of attacked by	Konrad (2022) 169, 181, 195, 196, 212, 253, 266, 269, 287
auspices, private	Rupke (2016) 95
auspices, questionable, lutatius cerco, q.	Konrad (2022) 166, 167
auspices, renovation interregnum, of through	Konrad (2022) 175, 178, 180, 187, 188, 196, 199, 203, 281, 282, 284, 285, 293
auspices, repeated by, papirius cursor, l.	Konrad (2022) 60, 62, 63
auspices, repeated/upheld by, fabius maximus verrucosus, q.	Konrad (2022) 26, 59, 115, 269, 270, 277, 280
auspices, tullius cicero, m., on flaminius’ neglect of	Konrad (2022) 239, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247
auspices, victory without, minucius rufus, m.	Konrad (2022) 269, 270
auspicia, auspices,	Mueller (2002) 10, 36, 37, 101, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 121, 122, 123, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 144, 157
auspicium, oblativum auspicia, auspices, unsolicited	Mueller (2002) 206

List of validated texts:

7 validated results for "auspices"

1. Cicero, On Divination, 1.28, 1.72, 2.71 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Aemilius Paullus, L., auspicates before moving army • Cannae, battle of, auspices at • Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Q., auspices, before moving army • Flaminius, C., auspices, contempt for/neglect of • Flaminius, C., auspices, lacks valid • Iunius Pullus, L., auspices, ignored by • Iuppiter, auspices, grants/withholds permission through • Terentius Varro, C., auspices at Cannae, questioned about • Terentius Varro, C., auspices, observed by • Tullius Cicero, M., on Flaminius’ neglect of auspices • auspicatio (auspication) • auspication, before battle • auspication, before moving of army/sailing of fleet • auspication,and historical tradition • auspication,and naval warfare • auspication,and water • auspices • auspicium ex tripudiis • auspicium/-cia ex tripudio/-iis • auspicium/-cia ex tripudio/-iis, not used for investiture or departure • auspicium/-cia ex tripudio/-iis, originates in oblative signs • vitium, at auspices for battle

Found in books: Konrad (2022) 156, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 244, 246, 263, 264; Mackey (2022) 345; Santangelo (2013) 199; Shannon-Henderson (2019) 253

1.28. quod autem scriptum habetis †aut tripudium fieri, si ex ea quid in solidum ceciderit, hoc quoque, quod dixi, coactum tripudium solistimum dicitis. Itaque multa auguria, multa auspicia, quod Cato ille sapiens queritur, neglegentia collegii amissa plane et deserta sunt. Nihil fere quondam maioris rei nisi auspicato ne privatim quidem gerebatur, quod etiam nunc nuptiarum auspices declarant, qui re omissa nomen tantum tenent. Nam ut nunc extis (quamquam id ipsum aliquanto minus quam olim), sic tum avibus magnae res inpetriri solebant. Itaque, sinistra dum non exquirimus, in dira et in vitiosa incurrimus.
1.72. in quo haruspices, augures coniectoresque numerantur. Haec inprobantur a Peripateticis, a Stoicis defenduntur. Quorum alia sunt posita in monumentis et disciplina, quod Etruscorum declarant et haruspicini et fulgurales et rituales libri, vestri etiam augurales, alia autem subito ex tempore coniectura explicantur, ut apud Homerum Calchas, qui ex passerum numero belli Troiani annos auguratus est, et ut in Sullae scriptum historia videmus, quod te inspectante factum est, ut, cum ille in agro Nolano inmolaret ante praetorium, ab infima ara subito anguis emergeret, cum quidem C. Postumius haruspex oraret illum, ut in expeditionem exercitum educeret; id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam florentissuma Samnitium castra cepit.
2.71. Nec vero non omni supplicio digni P. Claudius L. Iunius consules, qui contra auspicia navigaverunt; parendum enim religioni fuit nec patrius mos tam contumaciter repudiandus. Iure igitur alter populi iudicio damnatus est, alter mortem sibi ipse conscivit. Flaminius non paruit auspiciis, itaque periit cum exercitu. At anno post Paulus paruit; num minus cecidit in Cannensi pugna cum exercitu? Etenim, ut sint auspicia, quae nulla sunt, haec certe, quibus utimur, sive tripudio sive de caelo, simulacra sunt auspiciorum, auspicia nullo modo. Q. Fabi, te mihi in auspicio esse volo ; respondet: audivi . Hic apud maiores nostros adhibebatur peritus, nunc quilubet. Peritum autem esse necesse est eum, qui, silentium quid sit, intellegat; id enim silentium dicimus in auspiciis, quod omni vitio caret.''. None

1.28. But, according to the writings of you augurs, a tripudium results if any of the food should fall to the ground, and what I spoke of as a forced augur your fraternity calls as tripudium solistimum. And so through the indifference of the college, as Cato the Wise laments, many auguries and auspices have been entirely abandoned and lost.16 In ancient times scarcely any matter out of the ordinary was undertaken, even in private life, without first consulting the auspices, clear proof of which is given even at the present time by our custom of having nuptial auspices, though they have lost their former religious significance and only preserve the name. For just as to‑day on important occasions we make use of entrails in divining — though even they are employed to a less extent than formerly — so in the past resort was usually had to divination by means of birds. And thus it is that by failing to seek out the unpropitious signs we run into awful disasters.
1.72. But those methods of divination which are dependent on conjecture, or on deductions from events previously observed and recorded, are, as I have said before, not natural, but artificial, and include the inspection of entrails, augury, and the interpretation of dreams. These are disapproved of by the Peripatetics and defended by the Stoics. Some are based upon records and usage, as is evident from the Etruscan books on divination by means of inspection of entrails and by means of thunder and lightning, and as is also evident from the books of your augural college; while others are dependent on conjecture made suddenly and on the spur of the moment. An instance of the latter kind is that of Calchas in Homer, prophesying the number of years of the Trojan War from the number of sparrows. We find another illustration of conjectural divination in the history of Sulla in an occurrence which you witnessed. While he was offering sacrifices in front of his head-quarters in the Nolan district a snake suddenly came out from beneath the altar. The soothsayer, Gaius Postumius, begged Sulla to proceed with his march at once. Sulla did so and captured the strongly fortified camp of the Samnites which lay in front of the town of Nola.
2.71. In my opinion the consuls, Publius Claudius and Lucius Junius, who set sail contrary to the auspices, were deserving of capital punishment; for they should have respected the established religion and should not have treated the customs of their forefathers with such shameless disdain. Therefore it was a just retribution that the former was condemned by a vote of the people and that the latter took his own life. Flaminius, you say, did not obey the auspices, therefore he perished with his army. But a year later Paulus did obey them; and did he not lose his army and his life in the battle of Cannae? Granting that there are auspices (as there are not), certainly those which we ordinarily employ — whether by the tripudium or by the observation of the heavens — are not auspices in any sense, but are the mere ghosts of auspices.34 Quintus Fabius, I wish you to assist me at the auspices. He answers, I will. (In our forefathers time the magistrates on such occasions used to call in some expert person to take the auspices — but in these days anyone will do. But one must be an expert to know what constitutes silence, for by that term we mean free of every augural defect.''. None

2. Cicero, On The Nature of The Gods, 2.8, 2.11 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Coelius Antipater, L., on Flaminius’ neglect of auspices • Flaminius, C., auspices, contempt for/neglect of • Flaminius, C., auspices, lacks valid • Flaminius, C., neglect of auspices and defeat as wound • Licinius Crassus, C., fails to auspicate • Livy, on Flaminius’ neglect of auspical warnings • Tullius Cicero, M., on Flaminius’ neglect of auspices • augurium, auspices, exclusive responsibility for • auspicatio (auspication) • auspication, omitted • auspication,and historical tradition • haruspex/haruspices, auspices, not concerned with • interregnum, auspices, renovation of, through • prodigium, auspices, distinct from/overlap with

Found in books: Konrad (2022) 239, 246, 247, 284, 286; Mackey (2022) 345; Walters (2020) 61

2.8. Caelius writes that Gaius Flaminius after ignoring the claims of religion fell at the battle of Trasimene, when a serious blow was inflicted on the state. The fate of these men may serve to indicate that our empire was won by those commanders who obeyed the dictates of religion. Moreover if we care to compare our national characteristics with those of foreign peoples, we shall find that, while in all other respects we are only the equals or even the inferiors of others, yet in the sense of religion, that is, in reverence for the gods, we are far superior. ' "
2.11. Thereupon Gracchus, so my father used to tell me, burst into a rage. 'How now?' he cried, 'was I not in order? I put the names to the vote as consul, as augur, and with auspices taken. Who are you, Tuscan barbarians, to know the Roman constitution, and to be able to lay down the law as to our elections?' And accordingly he then sent them about their business. Afterwards however he sent a dispatch from his province to the College of Augurs to say that while reading the sacred books it had come to his mind that there had been an irregularity when he took Scipio's park as the site for his augural tent, for he had subsequently entered the city bounds to hold a meeting of the Senate and when crossing the bounds again on his return had forgotten to take the auspices; and that therefore the consuls had not been duly elected. The College of Augurs referred the matter to the senate; the Senate decided that the consuls must resign; they did so. What more striking instances can we demand? A man of the greatest wisdom and I may say unrivalled distinction of character preferred to make public confession of an offence that he might have concealed rather than that the stain of impiety should cling to the commonwealth; the consuls preferred to retire on the spot from the highest office of the state rather than hold it for one moment of time in violation of religion. "'. None

3. None, None, nan (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE)
Tagged with subjects: • Iuppiter, auspices, grants/withholds permission through • Roman religion, auspices of • augurium, auspices, exclusive responsibility for • auspicatio (auspication) • auspication • auspication, omitted • auspication,and agri • auspication,and res publica • auspicium/-cia • auspicium/-cia ex tripudio/-iis

Found in books: Konrad (2022) 39, 40, 58; Mackey (2022) 345, 354

4. None, None, nan (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Dionysios of Halikarnassos, on auspices • Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Q., auspices, repeated/upheld by • Iunius Pullus, L., auspices, ignored by • Iuppiter, auspices, grants/withholds permission through • Papirius Cursor, L., auspices, repeated by • augurium, auspices, critics of, power struggle with • auspication • auspication, before battle • auspication, initial • auspication,and agri • auspication,and res publica • auspices • auspicia (auspices) • auspicium ex tripudiis • auspicium/-cia ex tripudio/-iis • auspicium/-cia ex tripudio/-iis, not used for investiture or departure • magistrates, have auspices • privatus, auspices, lack of • prodigium, auspices, distinct from/overlap with

Found in books: Davies (2004) 72, 125, 137; Konrad (2022) 45, 59, 63, 160, 280; Mueller (2002) 113, 114; Santangelo (2013) 198, 199; Shannon-Henderson (2019) 96

5. Tacitus, Annals, 1.65.2, 2.14.1, 4.16.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Roman religion, auspices of • auspices

Found in books: Davies (2004) 168; Mackey (2022) 354; Shannon-Henderson (2019) 7, 93

1.65.2. \xa0It was a night of unrest, though in contrasted fashions. The barbarians, in high carousal, filled the low-lying valleys and echoing woods with chants of triumph or fierce vociferations: among the Romans were languid fires, broken challenges, and groups of men stretched beside the parapet or staying amid the tents, unasleep but something less than awake. The general\'s night was disturbed by a sinister and alarming dream: for he imagined that he saw Quintilius Varus risen, blood-bedraggled, from the marsh, and heard him calling, though he refused to obey and pushed him back when he extended his hand. Day broke, and the legions sent to the wings, either through fear or wilfulness, abandoned their post, hurriedly occupying a level piece of ground beyond the morass. Arminius, however, though the way was clear the attack, did not immediately deliver his onslaught. But when he saw the baggage-train caught in the mire and trenches; the troops around it in confusion; the order of the standards broken, and (as may be expected in a crisis) every man quick to obey his impulse and slow to hear the word of command, he ordered the Germans to break in. "Varus and the legions," he cried, "enchained once more in the old doom!" And, with the word, he cut through the column at the head of a picked band, their blows being directed primarily at the horses. Slipping in their own blood and the marsh-slime, the beasts threw their riders, scattered all they met, and trampled the fallen underfoot. The eagles caused the greatest difficulty of all, as it was impossible either to advance them against the storm of spears or to plant them in the water-logged soil. Caecina, while attempting to keep the front intact, fell with his horse stabbed under him, and was being rapidly surrounded when the first legion interposed. A\xa0point in our favour was the rapacity of the enemy, who left the carnage to pursue the spoils; and towards evening the legions struggled out on to open and solid ground. Nor was this the end of their miseries. A\xa0rampart had to be raised and material sought for the earthwork; and most of the tools for excavating soil or cutting turf had been lost. There were no tents for the companies, no dressings for the wounded, and as they divided their rations, foul with dirt or blood, they bewailed the deathlike gloom and that for so many thousands of men but a single day now remained. <
2.14.1. \xa0The same night brought Germanicus a reassuring vision: for he dreamed that he was offering sacrifice, and that â\x80\x94\xa0as his vestment was bespattered with the blood of the victim â\x80\x94 he had received another, more beautiful, from the hand of his grandmother, Augusta. Elated by the omen, and finding the auspices favourable, he summoned a meeting of the troops and laid before them the measures his knowledge had suggested and the points likely to be of service in the coming struggle:â\x80\x94 "A\xa0plain was not the only battle-field favourable to a Roman soldier: if he used judgment, woods and glades were equally suitable. The barbarians\' huge shields, their enormous spears, could not be so manageable among tree-trunks and springing brushwood as the pilum, the short sword, and close-fitting body-armour. Their policy was to strike thick and fast, and to direct the point to the face. The Germans carried neither corselet nor headpiece â\x80\x94 not even shields with a toughening of metal or hide, but targes of wickerwork or thin, painted board. Their first line alone carried spears of a fashion: the remainder had only darts, fire-pointed or too short. Their bodies, again, while grim enough to the eye and powerful enough for a short-lived onset, lacked the stamina to support a wound. They were men who could turn and run without a thought for their leaders, faint-hearted in adversary, in success regardless of divine and human law. â\x80\x94 If they were weary of road and sea, and desired the end, this battle could procure it. Already the Elbe was nearer than the Rhine, and there would be no fighting further, if once, treading as he was in the footsteps of his father and his uncle, they established him victorious in the same region!"
4.16.2. \xa0Nearly at the same date, the Caesar spoke on the need of choosing a flamen of Jupiter, to replace the late Servius Maluginensis, and of also passing new legislation. "Three patricians," he pointed out, "children of parents wedded \'by cake and spelt,\' were nominated simultaneously; and on one of them the selection fell. The system was old-fashioned, nor was there now as formerly the requisite supply of candidates, since the habit of marrying by the ancient ritual had been dropped, or was retained in few families." â\x80\x94 Here he offered several explanations of the fact, the principal one being the indifference of both sexes, though there was also a deliberate avoidance of the difficulties of the ceremony itself. â\x80\x94 ".\xa0.\xa0.\xa0and since both the man obtaining this priesthood and the woman passing into the marital control of a flamen were automatically withdrawn from paternal jurisdiction. Consequently, a remedy must be applied either by a senatorial resolution or by special law, precisely as Augustus had modified several relics of the rough old world to suit the needs of the present." It was decided, then, after a discussion of the religious points, that no change should be made in the constitution of the flamenship; but a law was carried, that the flamen\'s wife, though under her husband\'s tutelage in respect of her sacred duties, should otherwise stand upon the same legal footing as any ordinary woman. Maluginensis\' son was elected in the room of his father; and to enhance the dignity of the priests and increase their readiness to perform the ritual of the various cults, two million sesterces were voted to the Virgin Cornelia, who was being appointed to succeed Scantia; while Augusta, whenever she entered the theatre, was to take her place among the seats reserved for the Vestals. <''. None

6. None, None, nan (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE)
Tagged with subjects: • Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Q., auspices, repeated/upheld by • Iuppiter, auspices, grants/withholds permission through • auspicatio (auspication) • auspication • auspication, initial • auspication,and agri • auspicium/-cia • auspicium/-cia ex tripudio/-iis • magistrates, have auspices • privatus, auspices, lack of

Found in books: Konrad (2022) 58, 59; Mackey (2022) 345

7. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 2.7.4, 2.8.2, 4.7.3
Tagged with subjects: • Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, Q., auspices, repeated/upheld by • Iunius Pullus, L., auspices, ignored by • Iuppiter, auspices, grants/withholds permission through • Papirius Cursor, L., auspices and imperium, claims supremacy of dictator’s • auspication • auspication,acquired through initial auspication • auspicia (auspices) • magister equitum, auspicates in absence of dictator • magister equitum, auspices of, acquired through dictio by dictator • magister equitum, auspices of, codependent with dictator’s

Found in books: Konrad (2022) 56, 114, 115, 116, 288; Mueller (2002) 121, 123, 132, 133, 139, 144

2.7.4. C. Cotta the consul caused P. Aurelius Pecuniola, his close relative, to be publicly flogged and to serve as a common infantryman afterwards, because through his fault the fortification was burnt and the camp almost taken, when he was left in command of the siege of Lipara by the consul, who was going to Messana to consult the auspices.
2.8.2. Having mentioned these laws, it will be appropriate to relate what was adjudged thereupon, when the right of triumphing was discussed and debated among the most worthy men. C. Lutatius the consul and Q. Valerius the praetor had defeated and utterly destroyed a very great fleet of the Carthaginians near the coast of Sicily, whereupon the senate decreed a triumph to Lutatius the consul. But when Valerius requested that a triumph might be granted to him also, Lutatius opposed it, lest through the honour of triumph, the lesser authority should be made equal to the greater. The contention growing greater and greater, Valerius challenged Lutatius, claiming that the Carthaginian fleet was not defeated by his leadership. Lutatius did not hesitate to stipulate against this. When Atilius Calatinus, by agreement, sat as judge between them, Valerius claimed that the consul had been lame and lay in his litter, and that he himself performed all the duties of the commander. Then Calatinus, before Lutatius made his defence, said : "Tell me, Valerius, if you two were of contrary opinions whether to fight or not, whether were the command of the consul or the praetor to be obeyed?" Valerius answered that he could not deny that the consul was chiefly to be obeyed. "Again," said Calatinus, "if the consul\'s and your auspices were different, which were first to be followed?" "The consul\'s," replied Valerius. "Then," said the judge, "seeing that upon these two questions, about the chief command and the priority of auspices, you Valerius have admitted your adversary to be superior in both, I cannot make any further doubt. And therefore, Lutatius, though you have as yet made no defence, I give judgment on your behalf." A noble judge, who in a business that was so clear, would not waste and trifle away his time. More deserving and justifiable was the cause of Lutatius, who defended the right of a most sovereign honour. Yet it was not ill done of Valerius to require the reward of a prosperous and courageously fought battle; but it was not so lawfully demanded by him as by the other.
4.7.3. If you examine L. Reginus as to his sincerity towards the public, he was much to be blamed by posterity; but if you look upon the faithful pledge of his loyalty, we are to leave him in the safe harbour of a praiseworthy conscience. When Caepio was thrown into prison, because it was through his fault that our army was defeated by the Cimbri and Teutones, Reginus as tribune of the plebs set him at liberty, remembering the ancient friendship between them; and not content to have shown himself so much a friend, he accompanied him also in his exile. O friendship, a great and most invincible deity! When the commonwealth laid hands on him on one side, on the other side you pulled him out with your right hand; and when the commonwealth required him to be sacrosanct, you impelled him into banishment. So gentle is your power, to make men prefer punishment before honour.''. None

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Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database