1. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 5.22, 5.24, 6.5-6.6, 6.8-6.9, 6.11-6.13, 7.11, 7.19, 9.20, 14.18, 15.1-15.4, 16.3-16.4, 18.1-18.15, 23.2-23.4, 23.6, 25.32, 32.25-32.33 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 603; Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 181, 182, 183, 191, 201, 254, 269, 386, 388; Geljon and Runia (2013) 198, 205, 236, 262; Wilson (2010) 403| 5.22. "וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ חֲנוֹךְ אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים אַחֲרֵי הוֹלִידוֹ אֶת־מְתוּשֶׁלַח שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה וַיּוֹלֶד בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת׃", 5.24. "וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ חֲנוֹךְ אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים וְאֵינֶנּוּ כִּי־לָקַח אֹתוֹ אֱלֹהִים׃", 6.5. "וַיַּרְא יְהוָה כִּי רַבָּה רָעַת הָאָדָם בָּאָרֶץ וְכָל־יֵצֶר מַחְשְׁבֹת לִבּוֹ רַק רַע כָּל־הַיּוֹם׃", 6.6. "וַיִּנָּחֶם יְהוָה כִּי־עָשָׂה אֶת־הָאָדָם בָּאָרֶץ וַיִּתְעַצֵּב אֶל־לִבּוֹ׃", 6.8. "וְנֹחַ מָצָא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי יְהוָה׃", 6.9. "אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת נֹחַ נֹחַ אִישׁ צַדִּיק תָּמִים הָיָה בְּדֹרֹתָיו אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים הִתְהַלֶּךְ־נֹחַ׃", 6.11. "וַתִּשָּׁחֵת הָאָרֶץ לִפְנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים וַתִּמָּלֵא הָאָרֶץ חָמָס׃", 6.12. "וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְהִנֵּה נִשְׁחָתָה כִּי־הִשְׁחִית כָּל־בָּשָׂר אֶת־דַּרְכּוֹ עַל־הָאָרֶץ׃", 6.13. "וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים לְנֹחַ קֵץ כָּל־בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי כִּי־מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם וְהִנְנִי מַשְׁחִיתָם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ׃", 7.11. "בִּשְׁנַת שֵׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה לְחַיֵּי־נֹחַ בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי בְּשִׁבְעָה־עָשָׂר יוֹם לַחֹדֶשׁ בַּיּוֹם הַזֶּה נִבְקְעוּ כָּל־מַעְיְנֹת תְּהוֹם רַבָּה וַאֲרֻבֹּת הַשָּׁמַיִם נִפְתָּחוּ׃", 7.19. "וְהַמַּיִם גָּבְרוּ מְאֹד מְאֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְכֻסּוּ כָּל־הֶהָרִים הַגְּבֹהִים אֲשֶׁר־תַּחַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָיִם׃", 14.18. "וּמַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק מֶלֶךְ שָׁלֵם הוֹצִיא לֶחֶם וָיָיִן וְהוּא כֹהֵן לְאֵל עֶלְיוֹן׃", 15.1. "אַחַר הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה הָיָה דְבַר־יְהוָה אֶל־אַבְרָם בַּמַּחֲזֶה לֵאמֹר אַל־תִּירָא אַבְרָם אָנֹכִי מָגֵן לָךְ שְׂכָרְךָ הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד׃", 15.1. "וַיִּקַּח־לוֹ אֶת־כָּל־אֵלֶּה וַיְבַתֵּר אֹתָם בַּתָּוֶךְ וַיִּתֵּן אִישׁ־בִּתְרוֹ לִקְרַאת רֵעֵהוּ וְאֶת־הַצִפֹּר לֹא בָתָר׃", 15.2. "וְאֶת־הַחִתִּי וְאֶת־הַפְּרִזִּי וְאֶת־הָרְפָאִים׃", 15.2. "וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְרָם אֲדֹנָי יֱהוִה מַה־תִּתֶּן־לִי וְאָנֹכִי הוֹלֵךְ עֲרִירִי וּבֶן־מֶשֶׁק בֵּיתִי הוּא דַּמֶּשֶׂק אֱלִיעֶזֶר׃", 15.3. "וַיֹּאמֶר אַבְרָם הֵן לִי לֹא נָתַתָּה זָרַע וְהִנֵּה בֶן־בֵּיתִי יוֹרֵשׁ אֹתִי׃", 15.4. "וְהִנֵּה דְבַר־יְהוָה אֵלָיו לֵאמֹר לֹא יִירָשְׁךָ זֶה כִּי־אִם אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא מִמֵּעֶיךָ הוּא יִירָשֶׁךָ׃", 16.3. "וַתִּקַּח שָׂרַי אֵשֶׁת־אַבְרָם אֶת־הָגָר הַמִּצְרִית שִׁפְחָתָהּ מִקֵּץ עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים לְשֶׁבֶת אַבְרָם בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן וַתִּתֵּן אֹתָהּ לְאַבְרָם אִישָׁהּ לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה׃", 16.4. "וַיָּבֹא אֶל־הָגָר וַתַּהַר וַתֵּרֶא כִּי הָרָתָה וַתֵּקַל גְּבִרְתָּהּ בְּעֵינֶיהָ׃", 18.1. "וַיֹּאמֶר שׁוֹב אָשׁוּב אֵלֶיךָ כָּעֵת חַיָּה וְהִנֵּה־בֵן לְשָׂרָה אִשְׁתֶּךָ וְשָׂרָה שֹׁמַעַת פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וְהוּא אַחֲרָיו׃", 18.1. "וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו יְהוָה בְּאֵלֹנֵי מַמְרֵא וְהוּא יֹשֵׁב פֶּתַח־הָאֹהֶל כְּחֹם הַיּוֹם׃", 18.2. "וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה זַעֲקַת סְדֹם וַעֲמֹרָה כִּי־רָבָּה וְחַטָּאתָם כִּי כָבְדָה מְאֹד׃", 18.2. "וַיִּשָּׂא עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה שְׁלֹשָׁה אֲנָשִׁים נִצָּבִים עָלָיו וַיַּרְא וַיָּרָץ לִקְרָאתָם מִפֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ אָרְצָה׃", 18.3. "וַיֹּאמֶר אַל־נָא יִחַר לַאדֹנָי וַאֲדַבֵּרָה אוּלַי יִמָּצְאוּן שָׁם שְׁלֹשִׁים וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא אֶעֱשֶׂה אִם־אֶמְצָא שָׁם שְׁלֹשִׁים׃", 18.3. "וַיֹּאמַר אֲדֹנָי אִם־נָא מָצָאתִי חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָ אַל־נָא תַעֲבֹר מֵעַל עַבְדֶּךָ׃", 18.4. "יֻקַּח־נָא מְעַט־מַיִם וְרַחֲצוּ רַגְלֵיכֶם וְהִשָּׁעֲנוּ תַּחַת הָעֵץ׃", 18.5. "וְאֶקְחָה פַת־לֶחֶם וְסַעֲדוּ לִבְּכֶם אַחַר תַּעֲבֹרוּ כִּי־עַל־כֵּן עֲבַרְתֶּם עַל־עַבְדְּכֶם וַיֹּאמְרוּ כֵּן תַּעֲשֶׂה כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ׃", 18.6. "וַיְמַהֵר אַבְרָהָם הָאֹהֱלָה אֶל־שָׂרָה וַיֹּאמֶר מַהֲרִי שְׁלֹשׁ סְאִים קֶמַח סֹלֶת לוּשִׁי וַעֲשִׂי עֻגוֹת׃", 18.7. "וְאֶל־הַבָּקָר רָץ אַבְרָהָם וַיִּקַּח בֶּן־בָּקָר רַךְ וָטוֹב וַיִּתֵּן אֶל־הַנַּעַר וַיְמַהֵר לַעֲשׂוֹת אֹתוֹ׃", 18.8. "וַיִּקַּח חֶמְאָה וְחָלָב וּבֶן־הַבָּקָר אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וַיִּתֵּן לִפְנֵיהֶם וְהוּא־עֹמֵד עֲלֵיהֶם תַּחַת הָעֵץ וַיֹּאכֵלוּ׃", 18.9. "וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו אַיֵּה שָׂרָה אִשְׁתֶּךָ וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּה בָאֹהֶל׃", 18.11. "וְאַבְרָהָם וְשָׂרָה זְקֵנִים בָּאִים בַּיָּמִים חָדַל לִהְיוֹת לְשָׂרָה אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים׃", 18.12. "וַתִּצְחַק שָׂרָה בְּקִרְבָּהּ לֵאמֹר אַחֲרֵי בְלֹתִי הָיְתָה־לִּי עֶדְנָה וַאדֹנִי זָקֵן׃", 18.13. "וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־אַבְרָהָם לָמָּה זֶּה צָחֲקָה שָׂרָה לֵאמֹר הַאַף אֻמְנָם אֵלֵד וַאֲנִי זָקַנְתִּי׃", 18.14. "הֲיִפָּלֵא מֵיְהוָה דָּבָר לַמּוֹעֵד אָשׁוּב אֵלֶיךָ כָּעֵת חַיָּה וּלְשָׂרָה בֵן׃", 18.15. "וַתְּכַחֵשׁ שָׂרָה לֵאמֹר לֹא צָחַקְתִּי כִּי יָרֵאָה וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא כִּי צָחָקְתְּ׃", 23.2. "וַיָּקָם הַשָּׂדֶה וְהַמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ לְאַבְרָהָם לַאֲחֻזַּת־קָבֶר מֵאֵת בְּנֵי־חֵת׃", 23.2. "וַתָּמָת שָׂרָה בְּקִרְיַת אַרְבַּע הִוא חֶבְרוֹן בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן וַיָּבֹא אַבְרָהָם לִסְפֹּד לְשָׂרָה וְלִבְכֹּתָהּ׃", 23.3. "וַיָּקָם אַבְרָהָם מֵעַל פְּנֵי מֵתוֹ וַיְדַבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי־חֵת לֵאמֹר׃", 23.4. "גֵּר־וְתוֹשָׁב אָנֹכִי עִמָּכֶם תְּנוּ לִי אֲחֻזַּת־קֶבֶר עִמָּכֶם וְאֶקְבְּרָה מֵתִי מִלְּפָנָי׃", 23.6. "שְׁמָעֵנוּ אֲדֹנִי נְשִׂיא אֱלֹהִים אַתָּה בְּתוֹכֵנוּ בְּמִבְחַר קְבָרֵינוּ קְבֹר אֶת־מֵתֶךָ אִישׁ מִמֶּנּוּ אֶת־קִבְרוֹ לֹא־יִכְלֶה מִמְּךָ מִקְּבֹר מֵתֶךָ׃", 25.32. "וַיֹּאמֶר עֵשָׂו הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי הוֹלֵךְ לָמוּת וְלָמָּה־זֶּה לִי בְּכֹרָה׃", 32.25. "וַיִּוָּתֵר יַעֲקֹב לְבַדּוֹ וַיֵּאָבֵק אִישׁ עִמּוֹ עַד עֲלוֹת הַשָּׁחַר׃", 32.26. "וַיַּרְא כִּי לֹא יָכֹל לוֹ וַיִּגַּע בְּכַף־יְרֵכוֹ וַתֵּקַע כַּף־יֶרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב בְּהֵאָבְקוֹ עִמּוֹ׃", 32.27. "וַיֹּאמֶר שַׁלְּחֵנִי כִּי עָלָה הַשָּׁחַר וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא אֲשַׁלֵּחֲךָ כִּי אִם־בֵּרַכְתָּנִי׃", 32.28. "וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו מַה־שְּׁמֶךָ וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב׃", 32.29. "וַיֹּאמֶר לֹא יַעֲקֹב יֵאָמֵר עוֹד שִׁמְךָ כִּי אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי־שָׂרִיתָ עִם־אֱלֹהִים וְעִם־אֲנָשִׁים וַתּוּכָל׃", 32.31. "וַיִּקְרָא יַעֲקֹב שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם פְּנִיאֵל כִּי־רָאִיתִי אֱלֹהִים פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים וַתִּנָּצֵל נַפְשִׁי׃", 32.32. "וַיִּזְרַח־לוֹ הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר עָבַר אֶת־פְּנוּאֵל וְהוּא צֹלֵעַ עַל־יְרֵכוֹ׃", 32.33. "עַל־כֵּן לֹא־יֹאכְלוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת־גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה אֲשֶׁר עַל־כַּף הַיָּרֵךְ עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה כִּי נָגַע בְּכַף־יֶרֶךְ יַעֲקֹב בְּגִיד הַנָּשֶׁה׃", | 5.22. "And Enoch walked with God after he begot Methuselah three hundred years, and begot sons and daughters.", 5.24. "And Enoch walked with God, and he was not; for God took him.", 6.5. "And the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.", 6.6. "And it repented the LORD that He had made man on the earth, and it grieved Him at His heart.", 6.8. "But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD.", 6.9. "These are the generations of Noah. Noah was in his generations a man righteous and wholehearted; Noah walked with God.", 6.11. "And the earth was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence.", 6.12. "And God saw the earth, and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted their way upon the earth. .", 6.13. "And God said unto Noah: ‘The end of all flesh is come before Me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth.", 7.11. "In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened.", 7.19. "And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high mountains that were under the whole heaven were covered.", 9.20. "And Noah, the man of the land, began and planted a vineyard.", 14.18. "And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine; and he was priest of God the Most High.", 15.1. "After these things the word of the LORD came unto Abram in a vision, saying: ‘Fear not, Abram, I am thy shield, thy reward shall be exceeding great.’", 15.2. "And Abram said: ‘O Lord GOD, what wilt Thou give me, seeing I go hence childless, and he that shall be possessor of my house is Eliezer of Damascus?’", 15.3. "And Abram said: ‘Behold, to me Thou hast given no seed, and, lo, one born in my house is to be mine heir.’", 15.4. "And, behold, the word of the LORD came unto him, saying: ‘This man shall not be thine heir; but he that shall come forth out of thine own bowels shall be thine heir.’", 16.3. "And Sarai Abram’s wife took Hagar the Egyptian, her handmaid, after Abram had dwelt ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to Abram her husband to be his wife.", 16.4. "And he went in unto Hagar, and she conceived; and when she saw that she had conceived, her mistress was despised in her eyes.", 18.1. "And the LORD appeared unto him by the terebinths of Mamre, as he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day;", 18.2. "and he lifted up his eyes and looked, and, lo, three men stood over against him; and when he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed down to the earth,", 18.3. "and said: ‘My lord, if now I have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I pray thee, from thy servant.", 18.4. "Let now a little water be fetched, and wash your feet, and recline yourselves under the tree.", 18.5. "And I will fetch a morsel of bread, and stay ye your heart; after that ye shall pass on; forasmuch as ye are come to your servant.’ And they said: ‘So do, as thou hast said.’", 18.6. "And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said: ‘Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes.’", 18.7. "And Abraham ran unto the herd, and fetched a calf tender and good, and gave it unto the servant; and he hastened to dress it.", 18.8. "And he took curd, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.", 18.9. "And they said unto him: ‘Where is Sarah thy wife?’ And he said: ‘Behold, in the tent.’", 18.10. "And He said: ‘I will certainly return unto thee when the season cometh round; and, lo, Sarah thy wife shall have a son.’ And Sarah heard in the tent door, which was behind him.—", 18.11. "Now Abraham and Sarah were old, and well stricken in age; it had ceased to be with Sarah after the manner of women.—", 18.12. "And Sarah laughed within herself, saying: ‘After I am waxed old shall I have pleasure, my lord being old also?’", 18.13. "And the LORD said unto Abraham: ‘Wherefore did Sarah laugh, saying: Shall I of a surety bear a child, who am old?", 18.14. "Is any thing too hard for the LORD. At the set time I will return unto thee, when the season cometh round, and Sarah shall have a son.’", 18.15. "Then Sarah denied, saying: ‘I laughed not’; for she was afraid. And He said: ‘Nay; but thou didst laugh.’", 23.2. "And Sarah died in Kiriatharba—the same is Hebron—in the land of Canaan; and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her.", 23.3. "And Abraham rose up from before his dead, and spoke unto the children of Heth, saying:", 23.4. "’I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession of a burying-place with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight.’", 23.6. "’Hear us, my lord: thou art a mighty prince among us; in the choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre, but that thou mayest bury thy dead.’", 25.32. "And Esau said: ‘Behold, I am at the point to die; and what profit shall the birthright do to me?’", 32.25. "And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.", 32.26. "And when he saw that he prevailed not against him, he touched the hollow of his thigh; and the hollow of Jacob’s thigh was strained, as he wrestled with him.", 32.27. "And he said: ‘Let me go, for the day breaketh.’ And he said: ‘I will not let thee go, except thou bless me.’", 32.28. "And he said unto him: ‘What is thy name?’ And he said: ‘Jacob.’", 32.29. "And he said: ‘Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel; for thou hast striven with God and with men, and hast prevailed.’", 32.30. "And Jacob asked him, and said: ‘Tell me, I pray thee, thy name.’ And he said: ‘Wherefore is it that thou dost ask after my name?’ And he blessed him there.", 32.31. "And Jacob called the name of the place Peniel: ‘for I have seen God face to face, and my life is preserved.’", 32.32. "And the sun rose upon him as he passed over Peniel, and he limped upon his thigh.", 32.33. "Therefore the children of Israel eat not the sinew of the thigh-vein which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he touched the hollow of Jacob’s thigh, even in the sinew of the thigh-vein.", |
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2. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 3.14-3.15 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 98, 201| 3.14. "וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים אֶל־מֹשֶׁה אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה וַיֹּאמֶר כֹּה תֹאמַר לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶהְיֶה שְׁלָחַנִי אֲלֵיכֶם׃", 3.15. "וַיֹּאמֶר עוֹד אֱלֹהִים אֶל־מֹשֶׁה כֹּה־תֹאמַר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבֹתֵיכֶם אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק וֵאלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב שְׁלָחַנִי אֲלֵיכֶם זֶה־שְּׁמִי לְעֹלָם וְזֶה זִכְרִי לְדֹר דֹּר׃", | 3.14. "And God said unto Moses: ‘I AM THAT I AM’; and He said: ‘Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel: I AM hath sent me unto you.’", 3.15. "And God said moreover unto Moses: ‘Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel: The LORD, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath sent me unto you; this is My name for ever, and this is My memorial unto all generations.", |
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3. Hebrew Bible, Deuteronomy, 10.12 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 269| 10.12. "וְעַתָּה יִשְׂרָאֵל מָה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ שֹׁאֵל מֵעִמָּךְ כִּי אִם־לְיִרְאָה אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ לָלֶכֶת בְּכָל־דְּרָכָיו וּלְאַהֲבָה אֹתוֹ וְלַעֲבֹד אֶת־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל־לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל־נַפְשֶׁךָ׃", | 10.12. "And now, Israel, what doth the LORD thy God require of thee, but to fear the LORD thy God, to walk in all His ways, and to love Him, and to serve the LORD thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul;", |
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| 4. Homer, Iliad, 103 (8th cent. BCE - 7th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 245 |
5. Hebrew Bible, Judges, 6.21-6.22, 13.15-13.16 (8th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 254| 6.21. "וַיִּשְׁלַח מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה אֶת־קְצֵה הַמִּשְׁעֶנֶת אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדוֹ וַיִּגַּע בַּבָּשָׂר וּבַמַּצּוֹת וַתַּעַל הָאֵשׁ מִן־הַצּוּר וַתֹּאכַל אֶת־הַבָּשָׂר וְאֶת־הַמַּצּוֹת וּמַלְאַךְ יְהוָה הָלַךְ מֵעֵינָיו׃", 6.22. "וַיַּרְא גִּדְעוֹן כִּי־מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה הוּא וַיֹּאמֶר גִּדְעוֹן אֲהָהּ אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה כִּי־עַל־כֵּן רָאִיתִי מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים׃", 13.15. "וַיֹּאמֶר מָנוֹחַ אֶל־מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה נַעְצְרָה־נָּא אוֹתָךְ וְנַעֲשֶׂה לְפָנֶיךָ גְּדִי עִזִּים׃", 13.16. "וַיֹּאמֶר מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה אֶל־מָנוֹחַ אִם־תַּעְצְרֵנִי לֹא־אֹכַל בְּלַחְמֶךָ וְאִם־תַּעֲשֶׂה עֹלָה לַיהוָה תַּעֲלֶנָּה כִּי לֹא־יָדַע מָנוֹחַ כִּי־מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה הוּא׃", | 6.21. "Then the angel of the Lord stretched out the end of the staff that was in his hand, and touched the meat and the unleavened cakes; and the fire rose up out of the rock, and consumed the meat and the unleavened cakes. Then the angel of the Lord departed out of his sight.", 6.22. "And when Gid῾on perceived that he was an angel of the Lord, Gid῾on said, Alas, O Lord God! because I have surely seen an angel of the Lord face to face.", 13.15. "And Manoaĥ said to the angel of the Lord, I pray thee, let us detain thee, until we shall have made ready a kid for thee.", 13.16. "And the angel of the Lord said to Manoaĥ, Though thou detain me, I will not eat of thy bread: and if thou wilt offer a burnt offering, thou must offer it to the Lord. For Manoaĥ knew not that he was an angel of the Lord.", |
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| 6. Theognis, Elegies, 1335-1336 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 244 |
| 7. Pindar, Pythian Odes, 9.97-9.103, 10.55-10.59 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 247; Thonemann (2020) 167 |
| 8. Pindar, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 246, 247 |
| 9. Pindar, Isthmian Odes, 7.21-7.24 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 247 |
| 10. Xenophanes, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics, philo on Found in books: Geljon and Runia (2013) 198 |
| 11. Xenophanes, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics, philo on Found in books: Geljon and Runia (2013) 198 |
| 12. Xenophanes, Fragments, None (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics, philo on Found in books: Geljon and Runia (2013) 198 |
| 13. Pindar, Olympian Odes, 10.99-10.106 (6th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 247 |
14. Aristophanes, Frogs, 55 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 248| 55. πόθος; πόσος τις; μικρὸς ἡλίκος Μόλων. | |
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15. Aristophanes, Clouds, 1015-1019, 1071-1074 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 248| 1074. καίτοι τί σοι ζῆν ἄξιον, τούτων ἐὰν στερηθῇς; | |
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16. Aristophanes, Lysistrata, 645, 78-82, 615 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 388| 615. ἀλλ' ἐπαποδυώμεθ' ἄνδρες τουτῳὶ τῷ πράγματι. | |
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17. Aristophanes, Knights, 1384, 1386, 1385 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 248| 1385. καὶ παῖδ' ἐνόρχην, ὅσπερ οἴσει τόνδε σοι: | |
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18. Aristophanes, Birds, 138-142, 137 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 248| 137. ὅπου ξυναντῶν μοι ταδί τις μέμψεται | |
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| 19. Euripides, Fragments, None (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 260 |
20. Euripides, Andromache, 595-598, 600-601, 599 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 258| 599. δρόμους παλαίστρας τ' οὐκ ἀνασχετοὺς ἐμοὶ | |
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| 21. Sophocles, Oenomaus, 18.22-18.25 (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sparta, female athletics •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 258 |
| 22. Hippocrates, The Aphorism, 1.3 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 260 |
| 23. Plato, Laws, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 175 |
| 24. Plato, Timaeus, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training Found in books: Wilson (2022) 72 |
| 25. Plato, Republic, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 182 |
| 26. Plato, Philebus, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 182 |
| 27. Critias, Fragments, None (5th cent. BCE - 5th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sparta, female athletics •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 258 |
28. Plato, Apology of Socrates, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training Found in books: Wilson (2022) 72| 31d. δαιμόνιον γίγνεται φωνή , ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐν τῇ γραφῇ ἐπικωμῳδῶν Μέλητος ἐγράψατο. ἐμοὶ δὲ τοῦτʼ ἔστιν ἐκ παιδὸς ἀρξάμενον, φωνή τις γιγνομένη, ἣ ὅταν γένηται, ἀεὶ ἀποτρέπει με τοῦτο ὃ ἂν μέλλω πράττειν, προτρέπει δὲ οὔποτε. τοῦτʼ ἔστιν ὅ μοι ἐναντιοῦται τὰ πολιτικὰ πράττειν, καὶ παγκάλως γέ μοι δοκεῖ ἐναντιοῦσθαι· εὖ γὰρ ἴστε, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, εἰ ἐγὼ πάλαι ἐπεχείρησα πράττειν τὰ πολιτικὰ πράγματα, πάλαι ἂν ἀπολώλη καὶ οὔτʼ ἂν ὑμᾶς ὠφελήκη | 31d. at many times and places, is that something divine and spiritual comes to me, the very thing which Meletus ridiculed in his indictment. I have had this from my childhood; it is a sort of voice that comes to me, and when it comes it always holds me back from what I am thinking of doing, but never urges me forward. This it is which opposes my engaging in politics. And I think this opposition is a very good thing; for you may be quite sure, men of Athens , that if I had undertaken to go into politics, I should have been put to death long ago and should have done |
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| 29. Plato, Euthydemus, None (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Wilson (2022) 57 |
| 30. Xenophon, Hellenica, 4.1.40 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletes, athletics Found in books: Thonemann (2020) 169 |
31. Xenophon, Memoirs, 3.3.13 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 249| 3.3.13. ἀληθῆ λέγεις, ἔφη. ἀλλὰ μὴν οὔτε εὐφωνίᾳ τοσοῦτον διαφέρουσιν Ἀθηναῖοι τῶν ἄλλων οὔτε σωμάτων μεγέθει καὶ ῥώμῃ, ὅσον φιλοτιμίᾳ, ἥπερ μάλιστα παροξύνει πρὸς τὰ καλὰ καὶ ἔντιμα. ἀληθές, ἔφη, καὶ τοῦτο. | 3.3.13. And yet the reason is that Athenians excel all others not so much in singing or in stature or in strength, as in love of honour, which is the strongest incentive to deeds of honour and renown. True again. |
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| 32. Xenophon, Constitution of The Spartans, 1.4 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •sparta, female athletics •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 258 |
| 33. Xenophon, Symposium, 1.8-1.10, 3.1 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 247, 248 |
34. Thucydides, The History of The Peloponnesian War, 1.5-1.6, 2.35-2.46, 2.46.1 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics •athletics •athletics, Found in books: Borg (2008) 262; Hubbard (2014) 244, 245; Wilson (2010) 364| 2.46.1. ‘εἴρηται καὶ ἐμοὶ λόγῳ κατὰ τὸν νόμον ὅσα εἶχον πρόσφορα, καὶ ἔργῳ οἱ θαπτόμενοι τὰ μὲν ἤδη κεκόσμηνται, τὰ δὲ αὐτῶν τοὺς παῖδας τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦδε δημοσίᾳ ἡ πόλις μέχρι ἥβης θρέψει, ὠφέλιμον στέφανον τοῖσδέ τε καὶ τοῖς λειπομένοις τῶν τοιῶνδε ἀγώνων προτιθεῖσα: ἆθλα γὰρ οἷς κεῖται ἀρετῆς μέγιστα, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἄνδρες ἄριστοι πολιτεύουσιν. | 2.46.1. My task is now finished. I have performed it to the best of my ability, and in words, at least, the requirements of the law are now satisfied. If deeds be in question, those who are here interred have received part of their honors already, and I for the rest, their children will be brought up till manhood at the public expense: the state thus offers a valuable prize, as the garland of victory in this race of valor, for the reward both of those who have fallen and their survivors. And where the rewards for merit are greatest, there are found the best citizens. |
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| 35. Aristotle, Generation of Animals, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 260 |
| 36. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 389 |
| 37. Aristotle, Poetics, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 245 |
| 38. Ephorus, Fragments, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 245 |
| 39. Ephorus, Fragments, None (4th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 245 |
| 40. Ephorus Iunior, Fragments, None (3rd cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 245 |
41. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, 15.15 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 603 | 15.15. Then Numenius and his companions arrived from Rome, with letters to the kings and countries, in which the following was written: |
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42. Septuagint, Ecclesiasticus (Siracides), 42.18, 46.5 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 603 | 42.18. He searches out the abyss, and the hearts of men,and considers their crafty devices. For the Most High knows all that may be known,and he looks into the signs of the age. 42.18. The eye marvels at the beauty of its whiteness,and the mind is amazed at its falling. 46.5. He called upon the Most High, the Mighty One,when enemies pressed him on every side, |
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| 43. Accius, Poeta, 1.134-1.140, 1.157-1.159 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 249 |
44. Polybius, Histories, 4.2, 5.9.10, 9.36.5, 10.5, 31.31 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •social imaginary, and athletics •athletics •athletics, antigoneia •athletics, isthmia •athletics, nemea •athletics, olympic games •athletics, pythia •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 389; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 175; Stavrianopoulou (2013) 317, 320| 5.9.10. τοιγαροῦν οὐ μόνον ἐκρίθη παρʼ αὐτὸν τὸν καιρὸν εὐεργέτης, ἀλλὰ καὶ μεταλλάξας σωτήρ, οὐδὲ παρὰ μόνοις Λακεδαιμονίοις, ἀλλὰ παρὰ πᾶσι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἀθανάτου τέτευχε τιμῆς καὶ δόξης ἐπὶ 9.36.5. ἀνθʼ ὧν ὑμεῖς ἐν ταῖς κοιναῖς πανηγύρεσι μάρτυρας ποιησάμενοι τοὺς Ἕλληνας εὐεργέτην ἑαυτῶν καὶ σωτῆρα τὸν Ἀντίγονον ἀνεκηρύξατε. | 4.2. 1. This I considered to be the best starting-point, because in the first place, Aratus's book terminates just at this period and I had decided on taking up and carrying on the narrative of Greek affairs from the date at which he leaves off, and secondly because the period following on this date and included in my history coincides with my own and the preceding generation, so that I have been present at some of the events and have the testimony of eyewitnesses for others. It seemed to me indeed that if I comprised events of an earlier date, repeating mere hearsay evidence, I should be safe neither in my estimates nor in my assertions. But my chief reason for beginning at this date, was that Fortune had then so to speak rebuilt the world. ,5. For Philip, son of Demetrius, being still quite a boy, had inherited the throne of Macedonia, Achaeus, the ruler of all Asia on this side of the Taurus, had now not only the state, but power of a king, Antiochus surnamed "The Great" who was still very young had but a short time previously, on the death of his brother Seleucus, succeeded him in Syria, Ariarathes at the same time had become king of Cappadocia, and Ptolemy Philopator king of Egypt, while not long afterwards began the reign of Lycurgus, king of Sparta. The Carthaginians also had but recently appointed Hannibal to be their general in the campaign I mentioned. Since therefore the personalities of the rulers were everywhere new, it was evident that a new series of events would begin, this being the natural and usual consequence. And such indeed was the case; for the Romans and Carthaginians now entered on the war I mentioned, Antiochus and Ptolemy on that for Coele-Syria, and the Achaeans and Philip on that against the Aetolians and Spartans. 5.9.10. Not only therefore was he regarded as their benefactor at the time but after his death he was venerated as their preserver, and it was not in Sparta alone but throughout Greece that he received undying honour and glory in acknowledgement of this conduct. 9.36.5. And in return for this you proclaimed Antigonus at public festivals in the hearing of all Greece to be your saviour and benefactor. 10.5. 1. and Scipio waiting until he received the white toga appeared in the forum while his mother was still asleep.,2. The people, owing to the unexpectedness of the sight and owing to his previous popularity, received him with enthusiastic surprise, and afterwards when he went on to the station appointed for candidates and stood by his brother they not only conferred the office on Publius but on his brother too for his sake, and both appeared at their house elected aediles.,4. When the news suddenly reached his mother's ears, she met them overjoyed at the door and embraced the young men with deep emotion, so that from this circumstance all who had heard of the dreams believed that Publius communed with the gods not only in his sleep, but still more in reality and by day.,6. Now it was not a matter of a dream at all, but as he was kind and munificent and agreeable in his address he reckoned on his popularity with the people,,7. and so by cleverly adapting his action to the actual sentiment of the people and of his mother he not only attained his object but was believed to have acted under a sort of divine inspiration. ,8. For those who are incapable of taking an accurate view of operations, causes, and dispositions, either from lack of natural ability or from inexperience and indolence, attribute to the gods and to fortune the causes of what is accomplished by shrewdness and with calculation and foresight.,9. I have made these observations for the sake of my readers, that they may not by falsely accepting the generally received opinion of Scipio neglect to notice his finest qualities and those most worthy of respect, I mean his cleverness and laboriousness.,10. This will be still more evident from my account of his actual exploits. 31.31. 1. The Rhodians, while in other respects maintaining the dignity of their state, slightly deviated from it at this time, in my opinion, by accepting from Eumenes 280,000 medimni of corn for the purpose of lending out the proceeds and applying the interest to the payment of the salaries of the tutors and teachers of their sons.,2. Such a gift might perhaps be accepted from his friends by a private person who found himself in temporary straits in order not to allow his children to remain untaught through poverty, but the last thing that anyone in affluent circumstances would submit to would be to go a-begging among his friends for money to pay teachers.,3. And, as a state should have more pride than a private person, more strict propriety of conduct should be observed in public transactions than in private, and especially by the Rhodians owing to the wealth of the community and their noted sense of dignity. XI. Affairs of Asia |
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45. Cicero, On Duties, 3.14-3.15, 3.42 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training Found in books: Wilson (2022) 56, 95| 3.14. Haec enim officia, de quibus his libris disputamus, media Stoici appellant; ea communia sunt et late patent; quae et ingenii bonitate multi assequuntur et progressione discendi. Illud autem officium, quod rectum idem appellant, perfectum atque absolutum est et, ut idem dicunt, omnes numeros habet nec praeter sapientem cadere in quemquam potest. 3.15. Cum autem aliquid actum est, in quo media officia compareant, id cumulate videtur esse perfectum, propterea quod volgus quid absit a perfecto, non fere intellegit; quatenus autem intellegit, nihil putat praetermissum; quod idem in poematis, in picturis usu venit in aliisque compluribus, ut delectentur imperiti laudentque ea, quae laudanda non sint, ob eam, credo, causam, quod insit in iis aliquid probi, quod capiat ignaros, qui quidem, quid in una quaque re vitii sit, nequeant iudicare; itaque, cum sunt docti a peritis, desistunt facile sententia. Haec igitur officia, de quibus his libris disserimus, quasi secunda quaedam honesta esse dicunt, non sapientium modo propria, sed cum omni hominum genere communia. 3.42. Nec tamen nostrae nobis utilitates omittendae sunt aliisque tradendae, cum iis ipsi egeamus, sed suae cuique utilitati, quod sine alterius iniuria fiat, serviendum est. Scite Chrysippus, ut multa: Qui stadium, inquit, currit, eniti et contendere debet, quam maxime possit, ut vincat, supplantare eum, quicum certet, aut manu depellere nullo modo debet; sic in vita sibi quemque petere, quod pertineat ad usum, non iniquum est, alteri deripere ius non est. | 3.14. And indeed these duties under discussion in these books the Stoics call "mean duties"; they are a common possession and have wide application; and many people attain to the knowledge of them through natural goodness of heart and through advancement in learning. But that duty which those same Stoics call "right" is perfect and absolute and "satisfies all the numbers," as that same school says, and is attainable by none except the wise man. 3.15. On the other hand, when some act is performed in which we see "mean" duties manifested, that is generally regarded as fully perfect, for the reason that the common crowd does not, as a rule, comprehend how far it falls short of real perfection; but, as far as their comprehension does go, they think there is no deficiency. This same thing ordinarily occurs in the estimation of poems, paintings, and a great many other works of art: ordinary people enjoy and praise things that do not deserve praise. The reason for this, I suppose, is that those productions have some point of excellence which catches the fancy of the uneducated, because these have not the ability to discover the points of weakness in any particular piece of work before them. And so, when they are instructed by experts, they readily abandon their former opinion. The performance of the duties, then, which I am discussing in these books, is called by the Stoics a sort of second-grade moral goodness, not the peculiar property of their wise men, but shared by them with all mankind. 3.42. And yet we are not required to sacrifice our own interest and surrender to others what we need for ourselves, but each one should consider his own interests, as far as he may without injury to his neighbour's. "When a man enters the foot-race," says Chrysippus with his usual aptness, "it is his duty to put forth all his strength and strive with all his might to win; but he ought never with his foot to trip, or with his hand to foul a competitor. Thus in the stadium of life, it is not unfair for anyone to seek to obtain what is needful for his own advantage, but he has no right to wrest it from his neighbour." |
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| 46. Cicero, On Laws, 2.15.37 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 603 |
| 47. Cicero, On The Nature of The Gods, 3.23.58 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 603 |
48. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations, 2.40, 3.12, 4.70 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •femininity, athletics •athletics imagery •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 389; Hubbard (2014) 252, 260| 2.40. ille vero melius, ac non paulo quidem. Sed adhuc de consuetudine exercitationis loquor, nondum de ratione exercitationis... 25 ratione in mg. add. G 1 et sapientia. aniculae saepe inediam biduum aut triduum tridium G ferunt; subduc cibum unum diem athletae: Iovem, athletae iov. hletae i in r. G 1 Iovem alt. iovem exp. R 1? V vet om. K 1 add. 2 Olympium, olimpium V (iu in r. c ) eum ipsum, cui se exercebit, exercebit V 1 inplorabit, impl. RK 2 ferre ferre ex facere(?) K 2 se post ferre add. V 1 aut c ft. recte (cf. p. 346, 7) non posse clamabit. consuetudinis magna vis est: pernoctant venatores in nive in montibus; uri se patiuntur patiuntur. Inde W corr. Dav. cf. p. 439,25 (locum fort. ante l. II scriptum. Comm. p. 26) pernoctant venatores in nive, in montibus uri se patiuntur. inde ( del. hoc Lb. vide Sey. ) pugiles eqs. alii (Se. Jb. d. ph. V. 24 p. 246) Indi; pugiles caestibus contusi ne ingemescunt ingemescunt alt. e in i corr. G 1 quidem. 3.12. Cadere, opinor, in sapientem aegritudinem tibi dixisti videri. Et vero ita existimo. Humanum id quidem, quod ita existumas. non enim silice nati sumus, sed est naturale in animis tenerum e ante silice add. V c non male naturabile X sed bi exp. V 1 ( cf. animabili codd. nat. deor. 2,91 ) natura Lb. quiddam quidam R 1 V 1 ( corr. 1 ) -ddā in r. G 2 atque molle, quod quod quā G 1 aegritudine quasi tempestate quatiatur, sed humanum... 22 quatiatur H nec absurde Crantor ille, qui in in om. X add. s V rec nostra Academia vel in primis fuit nobilis, minime inquit inquid G 1 adsentior is qui istam nescio quam indolentiam magno opere laudant, quae quae V 2 B qui X nec potest ulla ulle G 1 esse nec debet. ne aegrotus sim; sim s si inquit (inquid G 1 P cf. 2 ) fuerat X ( fuat V 2 si exp. et ss. V rec ) corr. Sey. cf. Ps. Plut. Cons. ad Ap. 102c, qui primum ou) ga\r sumfe/romai — e)/cw kai\ tou= dunatou= kai\ tou= sumfe/rontos ou)=san ut sua profert, paulo post addit : ' mh\ ga\r nosoi=men ', fhsi\n o( a)kadhmaiko\s Kra/ntwr, ' nosh/sasi de\ parei/h tis ai)/sqhsis ' ktl . inquit ut 303, 21 ergo, inquit al. si debet nec aegrotassem. Si X (a apertum post t in V) c exp. V 2? ne aegrotus inquit fuero, sin quid fuerit Vict. sensus adsit, adsit d in r. G 2 absit V c sive secetur quid sive avellatur a corpore. nam istuc nihil dolere dolere ex dolore K 1 R 1 ex dobere (b= lo) V 1 contigit G 1 non sine magna mercede contingit inmanitatis in animo, stuporis in corpore. non sine... 7 corpore Aug. civ. 14, 9 4.70. Sed poëtas ludere sinamus, quorum fabulis in hoc flagitio versari ipsum videmus Iovem: ad at G 1 magistros virtutis philosophos veniamus, qui amorem quimorem quā orem K 1 -i amorem in r. G 2 negant stupri esse St. fr. 3, 653 Epic. 483 et in eo litigant cum Epicuro non multum, ut opinio mea fert, mentiente. quis est enim iste ista K 1 amor amicitiae? cur neque deformem adulescentem quisquam amat neque formosum senem? mihi quidem haec in Graecorum gymnasiis nata consuetudo videtur, in quibus isti liberi et concessi sunt amores. bene ergo Ennius: Ennius sc. 395 Fla/giti flagitii X cives G(?)R rec princi/pium est nudare i/nter civis co/rpora. qui ut sint, quod fieri posse video, pudici, solliciti tamen et anxii sunt, eoque magis, quod se ipsi continent et coërcent. | |
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49. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 15.53.4 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics •athletics, basileia •athletics, eleutheria •athletics, heraia •athletics, lykaia Found in books: Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 173 | 15.53.4. But Epameinondas, who saw that the soldiers were superstitious on account of the omens that had occurred, earnestly desired through his own ingenuity and strategy to reverse the scruples of the soldiery. Accordingly, a number of men having recently arrived from Thebes, he persuaded them to say that the arms on the temple of Heracles had surprisingly disappeared and that word had gone abroad in Thebes that the heroes of old had taken them up and set off to help the Boeotians. He placed before them another man as one who had recently ascended from the cave of Trophonius, who said that the god had directed them, when they won at Leuctra, to institute a contest with crowns for prizes in honour of Zeus the king. This indeed is the origin of this festival which the Boeotians now celebrate at Lebadeia. |
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50. Philo of Alexandria, On Dreams, 1.126, 1.129, 1.193-1.196, 2.10 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics, •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 191, 269; Wilson (2010) 103 | 1.126. Do you not see, that even now, also, the sacred historian represents the practiser of honourable pursuits, who abounds in all royal materials and appointments, as sleeping on the ground, and using a stone for his pillow; and a little further on, he speaks of himself as asking in his prayers for bread and a cloak, the necessary wealth of nature? like one who has at all times held in contempt, the man who dwells among vain opinions, and who is inclined to revile all those who are disposed to admire him; this man is the archetypal pattern of the soul which is devoted to the practice of virtue, and an enemy of every effeminate person. XXI. 1.129. and it listens to him gladly, and receives the labourer in the paths of virtue at first, as if he were going to become a disciple; then when he has shown his approbation of the dexterity of his nature, he gives him his hand, like a gymnastic trainer, and invites him to the gymnasia, and standing firmly, compels him to wrestle with him, until he has rendered his strength so great as to be irresistible, changing his ears by the divine influences into eyes, and calling this newly-modelled disposition Israel, that is, the man who Sees. 1.193. When, however, he comes into an assembly of friends, he does not begin to speak before he has first accosted each individual among them, and addressed him by name, so that they prick up their ears, and are quiet and attentive, listening to the oracles thus delivered, so as never to forget them or let them escape their memory: since in another passage of scripture we read, "Be silent and Listen." 1.194. In this manner, too, Moses is called up to the bush. For, the scripture says, "When he saw that he was turning aside to see, God called him out of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses: and he said, What is it, Lord?" And Abraham also, on the occasion of offering up his beloved and only son as a burnt-offering, when he was beginning to sacrifice him, and when he had given proof of his piety, was forbidden to destroy the self-taught race, Isaac by name, from among men; 1.195. for at the beginning of his account of this transaction, Moses says that "God did tempt Abraham, and said unto him, Abraham, Abraham; and he said, Behold, here am I. And he said unto him, Take now thy beloved son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and offer him up." And when he had brought the victim to the altar, then the angel of the Lord called him out of heaven, saying, "Abraham, Abraham," and he answered, "Behold, here am I. And he said, Lay not thy hand upon the child, and do nothing to Him." 1.196. Also the practiser of virtue is also called one of this company dear to God, being deservedly accounted worthy of the same honour; for, says the scripture, "The angel of God said to me in my sleep, Jacob: and I answered, and said, What is It?" 2.10. Moses moreover represents two persons as leaders of these two companies. The leader of the noble and good company is the self-taught and self-instructed Isaac; for he records that he was weaned, not choosing to avail himself at all of tender, and milk-like, and childish, and infantine food, but only of such as was vigorous and perfect, inasmuch as he was formed by nature, from his very infancy, for acts of virtue, and was always in the prime and vigour of youth and energy. But the leader of the company, which yields and which is inclined to softer measures, is Joseph; |
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| 51. Philo of Alexandria, On Sobriety, 8 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 254 |
| 52. Philo of Alexandria, De Providentia, 2.12 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 388 |
53. Philo of Alexandria, On The Posterity of Cain, 10-11 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Geljon and Runia (2013) 262 | 11. but the voluntary flight from God, as one that has taken place by deliberate purpose and intention, will await on irremediable punishment in all eternity, for as good deeds that are done in consequence of forethought and design, are better than unintentional ones, so also among offences those that are undesigned are of less heinousness than those that are premeditated. IV. |
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54. Philo of Alexandria, On The Creation of The World, 146, 152, 3, 77, 33 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 388, 389 | 33. And after the shining forth of that light, perceptible only to the intellect, which existed before the sun, then its adversary darkness yielded, as God put a wall between them and separated them, well knowing their opposite characters, and the enmity existing between their natures. In order, therefore, that they might not war against one another from being continually brought in contact, so that war would prevail instead of peace, God, burning want of order into order, did not only separate light and darkness, but did also place boundaries in the middle of the space between the two, by which he separated the extremities of each. For if they had approximated they must have produced confusion, preparing for the contest, for the supremacy, with great and unextinguishable rivalry, if boundaries established between them had not separated them and prevented them from clashing together, |
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55. Philo of Alexandria, On The Change of Names, 11, 14, 12 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 201 | 12. but in order that the human race may not be wholly destitute of any appellation which they may give to the most excellent of beings, I allow you to use the word Lord as a name; the Lord God of three natures--of instruction, and of holiness, and of the practice of virtue; of which Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob are recorded as the symbols. For this, says he, is the everlasting name, as if it has been investigated and discerned in time as it exists in reference to us, and not in that time which was before all time; and it is also a memorial not placed beyond recollection or intelligence, and again it is addressed to persons who have been born, not to uncreated natures. |
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56. Philo of Alexandria, On The Migration of Abraham, 45 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 269 | 45. Do not then fancy that this is spoken of the death of the all-wise Moses, as some inconsiderate persons believe; for it is a piece of folly to think that slaves should have the country of virtue assigned to them in preference to the friends of God. |
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57. Philo of Alexandria, On The Life of Joseph, 30-31, 29 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 389 | 29. for this world is a sort of large state, and has one constitution, and one law, and the word of nature enjoins what one ought to do, and forbids what one ought not to do: but the cities themselves in their several situations are unlimited in number, and enjoy different constitutions, and laws which are not all the same; for there are different customs and established regulations found out and established in different nations; |
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58. Philo of Alexandria, On Flight And Finding, 115 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •imagery, athletics Found in books: Geljon and Runia (2013) 262 | 115. There is a certain extravagance of perfection visible in this disposition. He has Known the man who has vowed the great vow in some instances offending unintentionally, even if not of deliberate purpose; for he says, "But if any one die before him suddenly, he shall be at once polluted." For if of things without deliberation anything coming from without strikes down suddenly, such things do at once pollute the soul, but not with a pollution which remains for any length of time, inasmuch as they are unintentional actions. And about these actions the high priest (standing above them, as he also does above those which are voluntary) is indifferent. |
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59. Philo of Alexandria, On Drunkenness, 100 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •imagery, athletics Found in books: Geljon and Runia (2013) 236 | 100. "for Moses," says the scripture, "having taken his own tent, fixed it outside the camp," and that too not near it, but a long way off, and at a great distance from the camp. And by these statements he tells us, figuratively, that the wise man is but a sojourner, and a person who leaves war and goes over to peace, and who passes from the mortal and disturbed camp to the undisturbed and peaceful and divine life of rational and happy souls. XXVI. |
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| 60. Philo of Alexandria, On The Preliminary Studies, 19 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 191 |
61. Philo of Alexandria, On The Confusion of Tongues, 23-25, 100 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 269 | 100. For the eyes of our body look upon the appearance of the sun by day and of the moon by night as standing still, and yet who is there who does not know that the rapidity of movements of these two bodies is incomparable, since they go round the whole heaven in one day? Thus, indeed, the universal heaven itself also, while appearing to stand still, revolves in a circle; its movements being detected and comprehended by the invisible and more divine eye which is placed in our mind. XXII. |
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62. Philo of Alexandria, On Husbandry, 10, 110-112, 114-123, 113 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 181, 191, 388 | 113. Therefore, in all these unholy contests, surrender the prizes to others; but, as for those which are really holy, study yourself to gain the crown in them. And think not those contests holy which the different cities propose in their triennial festivals, when they build theatres and receive many myriads of people; for in those he who has overthrown any one in wrestling, or who has cast him on his back or on his face upon the ground, or he who is very skilful in wrestling or in the pancratium, carries off the first prize, though he may be a man who has never abstained from any act of violence or of injustice. XXVI. |
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63. Philo of Alexandria, On The Life of Abraham, 47-48, 38 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Wilson (2010) 403 | 38. Those then are the most admirable of all men who have adopted free and noble inclinations, not in imitation of or by way of contrast to others, but from an inclination to genuine virtue and justice for its own sake; he also is to be admired who is superior to his own generation and his own age, and who is overcome by none of those things which the multitude follows; and he will be classed in the second rank, and nature will give to such men the best of her prizes; |
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64. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.313-1.415 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 175| 1.313. Separat Aonios Oetaeis Phocis ab arvis, 1.314. terra ferax, dum terra fuit, sed tempore in illo 1.315. pars maris et latus subitarum campus aquarum. 1.316. Mons ibi verticibus petit arduus astra duobus, 1.317. nomine Parnasus, superantque cacumina nubes. 1.318. Hic ubi Deucalion (nam cetera texerat aequor) 1.319. cum consorte tori parva rate vectus adhaesit, 1.320. Corycidas nymphas et numina montis adorant 1.321. fatidicamque Themin, quae tunc oracla tenebat. 1.322. Non illo melior quisquam nec amantior aequi 1.323. vir fuit aut illa metuentior ulla deorum. 1.324. Iuppiter ut liquidis stagnare paludibus orbem 1.325. et superesse virum de tot modo milibus unum, 1.326. et superesse videt de tot modo milibus unam, 1.327. innocuos ambo, cultores numinis ambo, 1.328. nubila disiecit nimbisque aquilone remotis 1.329. et caelo terras ostendit et aethera terris. 1.330. Nec maris ira manet, positoque tricuspide telo 1.331. mulcet aquas rector pelagi supraque profundum 1.332. exstantem atque umeros innato murice tectum 1.333. caeruleum Tritona vocat conchaeque soti 1.334. inspirare iubet fluctusque et flumina signo 1.335. iam revocare dato. Cava bucina sumitur illi, 1.336. tortilis, in latum quae turbine crescit ab imo, 1.337. bucina, quae medio concepit ubi aera ponto, 1.338. litora voce replet sub utroque iacentia Phoebo. 1.339. Tunc quoque, ut ora dei madida rorantia barba 1.340. contigit et cecinit iussos inflata receptus, 1.341. omnibus audita est telluris et aequoris undis, 1.342. et quibus est undis audita, coercuit omnes. 1.343. Iam mare litus habet, plenos capit alveus amnes, 1.344. flumina subsidunt collesque exire videntur, 1.345. surgit humus, crescunt loca decrescentibus undis, 1.346. postque diem longam nudata cacumina silvae 1.347. ostendunt limumque tenent in fronde relictum. 1.348. Redditus orbis erat. Quem postquam vidit iem 1.349. et desolatas agere alta silentia terras, 1.350. Deucalion lacrimis ita Pyrrham adfatur obortis: 1.351. “O soror, o coniunx, o femina sola superstes, 1.352. quam commune mihi genus et patruelis origo, 1.353. deinde torus iunxit, nunc ipsa pericula iungunt, 1.354. terrarum, quascumque vident occasus et ortus, 1.355. nos duo turba sumus; possedit cetera pontus. 1.356. Haec quoque adhuc vitae non est fiducia nostrae 1.357. certa satis; terrent etiam nunc nubila mentem. 1.358. Quis tibi, si sine me fatis erepta fuisses, 1.359. nunc animus, miseranda, foret? quo sola timorem 1.360. ferre modo posses? quo consolante doleres? 1.361. Namque ego (crede mihi) si te quoque pontus haberet, 1.362. te sequerer, coniunx, et me quoque pontus haberet. 1.363. O utinam possim populos reparare paternis 1.364. artibus atque animas formatae infundere terrae! 1.365. Nunc genus in nobis restat mortale duobus 1.366. (sic visum superis) hominumque exempla manemus.” 1.367. Dixerat, et flebant. Placuit caeleste precari 1.368. numen et auxilium per sacras quaerere sortes. 1.369. Nulla mora est: adeunt pariter Cephisidas undas, 1.370. ut nondum liquidas, sic iam vada nota secantes. 1.371. Inde ubi libatos inroravere liquores 1.372. vestibus et capiti, flectunt vestigia sanctae 1.373. ad delubra deae, quorum fastigia turpi 1.374. pallebant musco stabantque sine ignibus arae. 1.375. Ut templi tetigere gradus, procumbit uterque 1.376. pronus humi gelidoque pavens dedit oscula saxo 1.377. atque ita “si precibus” dixerunt “numina iustis 1.378. victa remollescunt, si flectitur ira deorum, 1.379. dic, Themi, qua generis damnum reparabile nostri 1.380. arte sit, et mersis fer opem, mitissima, rebus.” 1.381. Mota dea est sortemque dedit: “Discedite templo 1.382. et velate caput cinctasque resolvite vestes 1.383. ossaque post tergum magnae iactate parentis.” 1.384. Obstipuere diu, rumpitque silentia voce 1.385. Pyrrha prior iussisque deae parere recusat, 1.386. detque sibi veniam pavido rogat ore, pavetque 1.387. laedere iactatis maternas ossibus umbras. 1.388. Interea repetunt caecis obscura latebris 1.389. verba datae sortis secum inter seque volutant. 1.390. Inde Promethides placidis Epimethida dictis 1.391. mulcet et “aut fallax” ait “est sollertia nobis, 1.392. aut pia sunt nullumque nefas oracula suadent. 1.393. Magna parens terra est, lapides in corpore terrae 1.394. ossa reor dici; iacere hos post terga iubemur.” 1.395. Coniugis augurio quamquam Titania mota est, 1.396. spes tamen in dubio est: adeo caelestibus ambo 1.397. diffidunt monitis. Sed quid temptare nocebit? 1.398. Discedunt velantque caput tunicasque recingunt 1.399. et iussos lapides sua post vestigia mittunt. 1.400. Saxa (quis hoc credat, nisi sit pro teste vetustas?) 1.401. ponere duritiem coepere suumque rigorem 1.402. mollirique mora mollitaque ducere formam. 1.403. Mox ubi creverunt naturaque mitior illis 1.404. contigit, ut quaedam, sic non manifesta, videri 1.405. forma potest hominis, sed, uti de marmore coepta, 1.406. non exacta satis rudibusque simillima signis. 1.407. Quae tamen ex illis aliquo pars umida suco 1.408. et terrena fuit, versa est in corporis usum; 1.409. quod solidum est flectique nequit, mutatur in ossa; 1.410. quae modo vena fuit, sub eodem nomine mansit; 1.411. inque brevi spatio superorum numine saxa 1.412. missa viri manibus faciem traxere virorum, 1.413. et de femineo reparata est femina iactu. 1.414. Inde genus durum sumus experiensque laborum 1.415. et documenta damus qua simus origine nati. | |
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65. Philo of Alexandria, On The Special Laws, 1.17, 1.38, 1.144, 1.272, 1.299-1.300, 3.6 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery •imagery, athletics Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 182, 269; Geljon and Runia (2013) 236 | 1.17. But if they had taken pains to travel along the straight and true road, they would soon have known that just as the outward sense is the subordinate minister of the mind, so in the same manner all the objects of the outward senses are servants of that which is appreciable only by intellect, being well contented if they can attain to the second place in honour. 1.38. But he does not on that account faint and renounce the task which he has undertaken, but goes on with invincible determination towards the sight which he considers attainable, as if he were a competitor at the games, and were striving for the second prize, though he has missed the first. And guess and conjecture are inferior to true perception, as are all those notions which are classed under the description of reasonable and plausible opinions. 1.144. But the men of this nation contribute their payments to the priests with joy and cheerfulness, anticipating the collectors, and cutting short the time allowed for making the contributions, and thinking that they are themselves receiving rather than giving; and so with words of blessing and thankfulness, they all, both men and women, bring their offerings at each of the seasons of the year, with a spontaneous cheerfulness, and readiness, and zeal, beyond all description.XXIX. 1.272. And even if they bring nothing else, still when they bring themselves, the most perfect completeness of virtue and excellence, they are offering the most excellent of all sacrifices, honouring God, their Benefactor and Saviour, with hymns and thanksgivings; the former uttered by the organs of the voice, and the latter without the agency of the tongue or mouth, the worshippers making their exclamations and invocations with their soul alone, and only appreciable by the intellect, and there is but one ear, namely, that of the Deity which hears them. For the hearing of men does not extend so far as to be sensible of them.LI. 1.299. These, then, and other commandments like them, are those which are established for the purpose of promoting piety, by express injunctions and prohibitions. But those which are in accordance with philosophical suggestions and recommendations must be explained in this manner; for the lawgiver, in effect, says, "God, O mind of man! demands nothing of you which is either oppressive, or uncertain, or difficult, but only such things as are very simple and easy. 1.300. And these are, to love him as your benefactor; and if you fail to do so, at all events, to fear him as your Governor and Lord, and to enter zealously upon all the paths which may please him, and to serve him in no careless or superficial manner, but with one's whole soul thoroughly filled as it ought to be with God-loving sentiments, and to cleave to his commandments, and to honour justice, by all which means the world itself continues constantly in the same nature without ever changing, and all other things which are contained in the world have a tendency towards improvement, such as the sun and the moon, and the whole multitude of the rest of the stars, and the entire heaven. But the mountains of the earth are elevated to the greatest possible height, and the champaign country, like other fusible essences, is spread over a body of wide extent, and the sea also changes so as to become united with sweet waters, and the rains also become in their turn similar to the sea. Therefore every one of those things is still fixed within the same boundaries as those within which it was originally created, when it was first disposed of in regular order. But you shall be better, living quite irreproachably. 3.6. But even in these circumstances I ought to give thanks to God, that though I am so overwhelmed by this flood, I am not wholly sunk and swallowed up in the depths. But I open the eyes of my soul, which from an utter despair of any good hope had been believed to have been before now wholly darkened, and I am irradiated with the light of wisdom, since I am not given up for the whole of my life to darkness. Behold, therefore, I venture not only to study the sacred commands of Moses, but also with an ardent love of knowledge to investigate each separate one of them, and to endeavour to reveal and to explain to those who wish to understand them, things concerning them which are not known to the multitude.II. |
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66. Philo of Alexandria, On The Virtues, 184, 147 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 269 | 147. But, nevertheless, the lawgiver neither neglected the safety of the unclean animals, nor did he permit those which were clean to use their strength in disregard of justice, crying out and declaring loudly in express words, if one may say so, to those persons who have ears in their soul, not to injure any one of a different nation, unless they have some grounds for bringing accusations against them beyond the fact of their being of another nation, which is not ground of blame; for those things which are not wickedness, and which do not proceed from wickedness, are free from all reproach. XXVIII. |
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67. Philo of Alexandria, On Curses, 10-27, 29-51, 6, 28 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 191, 201 | 28. Therefore the oracle which was given to the allwise Moses most manifestly shows the lasting good condition and stability of the virtuous man. Now, the oracle is as follows: "And do thou thyself stand with Me." By which expression, two things are made clear. One, that it is the living God, who moves and turns about all other beings, being himself unchangeable and immoveable. The second is, that he makes the virtuous man a participator in his own tranquil nature. For, as I suppose, the crooked things are made straight by his straight rule; so, likewise, are the things that are in motion restrained and made stationary by the power of him who always stands still and firm. |
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| 68. Philo of Alexandria, Allegorical Interpretation, 3.14, 3.48, 3.68, 3.77-3.78 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •imagery, athletics •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 181, 183; Geljon and Runia (2013) 205, 262 |
69. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 7.71-7.73, 7.72.2 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 245, 252 | 7.71. 1. Anyone else might have assumed that the ceremonies now practised in the city were enough even by themselves to afford no slight indication of the ancient observances. But for my part, lest anyone should hold this to be weak evidence, according to that improbable assumption that after the Romans had conquered the whole Greek world they would gladly have scorned their own customs and adopted the better ones in their stead, I shall adduce my evidence from the time when they did not as yet possess the supremacy over Greece or dominion over any other country beyond the sea; and I shall cite Quintus Fabius as my authority, without requiring any further confirmation. For he is the most ancient of all the Roman historians and offers proof of what he asserts, not only from the information of others, but also from his own knowledge.,2. This festival, therefore, the Roman senate ordered to be celebrated, as I said before, pursuant to the vow made by the dictator Aulus Postumius when he was upon the point of giving battle to the Latins, who had revolted from the Romans and were endeavouring to restore Tarquinius to power; and they ordered five hundred minae of silver to be expended every year upon the sacrifices and the games, a sum the Romans laid out on the festival till the time of the Punic War.,3. During these holidays not only were many other observances carried out according to the customs of the Greeks, in connection with the general assemblies, the reception of strangers, and the cessation of hostilities, which it would be a big task to describe, but also those relating to the procession, the sacrifice, and the games â these are sufficient to give an idea of those I do not mention â which were as follows: 7.72. 1. Before beginning the games the principal magistrates conducted a procession in honour of the gods from the Capitol through the Forum to the Circus Maximus. Those who led the procession were, first, the Romans' sons who were nearing manhood and were of an age to bear a part in this ceremony, who rode on horseback if their fathers were entitled by their fortunes to be knights, while the others, who were destined to serve in the infantry, went on foot, the former in squadrons and troops, and the latter in divisions and companies, as if they were going to school; this was done in order that strangers might see the number and beauty of the youths of the commonwealth who were approaching manhood.,2. These were followed by charioteers, some of whom drove four horses abreast, some two, and others rode unyoked horses. After them came the contestants in both the light and the heavy games, their whole bodies naked except their loins. This custom continued even to my time at Rome, as it was originally practised by the Greeks; but it is now abolished in Greece, the Lacedaemonians having put an end to it.,3. The first man who undertook to strip and ran naked at Olympia, at the fifteenth Olympiad, was Acanthus the Lacedaemonian. Before that time, it seems, all the Greeks had been ashamed to appear entirely naked in the games, as Homer, the most credible and the most ancient of all witnesses, shows when he represents the heroes as girding up their loins. At any rate, when he is describing the wrestling-match of Aias and Odysseus at the funeral of Patroclus, he says: And then the twain with loins well girt stepped forth Into the lists. ,4. And he makes this still plainer in the Odyssey upon the occasion of the boxing-match between Irus and Odysseus, in these verses: He spake, and all approved; Odysseus then His rags girt round his loins, and showed his thighs So fair and stout; broad shoulders too and chest And brawny arms there stood revealed. And when he introduces the beggar as no longer willing to engage but declining the combat through fear, he says: They spake, and Irus' heart was sorely stirred; Yet even so the suitors girt his loins By force and led him forward. Thus it is plain that the Romans, who preserve this ancient Greek custom to this day, did not learn it from us afterwards nor even change it in the course of time, as we have done.,5. The contestants were followed by numerous bands of dancers arranged in three divisions, the first consisting of men, the second of youths, and the third of boys. These were accompanied by flute-players, who used ancient flutes that were small and short, as is done even to this day, and by lyre-players, who plucked ivory lyres of seven strings and the instruments called barbita. The use of these has ceased in my time among the Greeks, though traditional with them, but is preserved by the Romans in all their ancient sacrificial ceremonies. ,6. The dancers were dressed in scarlet tunics girded with bronze cinctures, wore swords suspended at their sides, and carried spears of shorter than average length; the men also had bronze helmets adorned with conspicuous crests and plumes. Each group was led by one man who gave the figures of the dance to the rest, taking the lead in representing their warlike and rapid movements, usually in the proceleusmatic rhythms.,7. This also was in fact a very ancient Greek institution â I mean the armed dance called the Pyrrhic â whether it was Athena who first began to lead bands of dancers and to dance in arms over the destruction of the Titans in order to celebrate the victory by this manifestation of her joy, or whether it was the Curetes who introduced it still earlier when, acting as nurses to Zeus, they strove to amuse him by the clashing of arms and the rhythmic movements of their limbs, as the legend has it.,8. The antiquity of this dance also, as one native to the Greeks, is made clear by Homer, not only in many other places, but particularly in describing the fashioning of the shield which he says Hephaestus presented to Achilles. For, having represented on it two cities, one blessed with peace, the other suffering from war, in the one on which he bestows the happier fate, describing festivals, marriages, and merriment, as one would naturally expect, he says among other things: Youths whirled around in joyous dance, with sound of flute and harp; and, standing at their doors, Admiring women on the pageant gazed. ,9. And again, in describing another Cretan band of dancers, consisting of youths and maidens, with which the shield was adorned, he speaks in this manner: And on it, too, the famous craftsman wrought, With cunning workmanship, a dancing-floor, Like that which Daedalus in Cnossus wide For fair-haired Ariadnê shaped. And there Bright youths and many-suitored maidens danced While laying each on other's wrists their hands. And in describing the dress of these dancers, in order to show us that the males danced in arms, he says: The maidens garlands wore, the striplings swords of gold, which proudly hung from silver belts. And when he introduces the leaders of the dance who gave the rhythm to the rest and began it, he writes: And great the throng which stood about the dance, Enjoying it; and tumblers twain did whirl Amid the throng as prelude to the song. ,10. But it is not alone from the warlike and serious dance of these bands which the Romans employed in their sacrificial ceremonies and processions that one may observe their kinship to the Greeks, but also from that which is of a mocking and ribald nature. For after the armed dancers others marched in procession impersonating satyrs and portraying the Greek dance called sicinnis. Those who represented Sileni were dressed in shaggy tunics, called by some chortaioi, and in mantles of flowers of every sort; and those who represented satyrs wore girdles and goatskins, and on their heads manes that stood upright, with other things of like nature. These mocked and mimicked the serious movements of the others, turning them into laughter-provoking performances.,11. The triumphal entrances also show that raillery and fun-making in the manner of satyrs were an ancient practice native to the Romans; for the soldiers who take part in the triumphs are allowed to satirise and ridicule the most distinguished men, including even the generals, in the same manner as those who ride in procession in carts at Athens; the soldiers once jested in prose as they clowned, but now they sing improvised verses.,12. And even at the funerals of illustrious persons I have seen, along with the other participants, bands of dancers impersonating satyrs who preceded the bier and imitated in their motions the dance called sicinnis, and particularly at the funerals of the rich. This jesting and dancing in the manner of satyrs, then, was not the invention either of the Ligurians, of the Umbrians, or of any other barbarians who dwelt in Italy, but of the Greeks; but I fear I should prove tiresome to some of my readers if I endeavoured to confirm by more arguments a thing that is generally conceded. ,13. After these bands of dancers came a throng of lyre-players and many flute-players, and after them the persons who carried the censers in which perfumes and frankincense were burned along the whole route of the procession, also the men who bore the show-vessels made of silver and gold, both those that were sacred owing to the gods and those that belonged to the state. Last of all in the procession came the images of the gods, borne on men's shoulders, showing the same likenesses as those made by the Greeks and having the same dress, the same symbols, and the same gifts which tradition says each of them invented and bestowed on mankind. These were the images not only of Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, Neptune, and of the rest whom the Greeks reckon among the twelve gods, but also of those still more ancient from whom legend says the twelve were sprung, namely, Saturn, Ops, Themis, Latona, the Parcae, Mnemosynê, and all the rest to whom temples and holy places are dedicated among the Greeks; and also of those whom legend represents as living later, after Jupiter took over the sovereignty, such as Proserpina, Lucina, the Nymphs, the Muses, the Seasons, the Graces, Liber, and the demigods whose souls after they had left their mortal bodies are said to have ascended to Heaven and to have obtained the same honours as the gods, such as Hercules, Aesculapius, Castor and Pollux, Helen, Pan, and countless others.,14. Yet if those who founded Rome and instituted this festival were barbarians, how could they properly worship all the gods and other divinities of the Greeks and scorn their own ancestral gods? Or let someone show us any other people besides the Greeks among whom these rites are traditional, and then let him censure this demonstration as unsound.,15. After the procession was ended the consuls and the priests whose function it was presently sacrificed oxen; and the manner of performing the sacrifices was the same as with us. For after washing their hands they purified the victims with clear water and sprinkled corn on their heads, after which they prayed and then gave orders to their assistants to sacrifice them. Some of these assistants, while the victim was still standing, struck it on the temple with a club, and others received it upon the sacrificial knives as it fell. After this they flayed it and cut it up, taking off a piece from each of the inwards and also from every limb as a first-offering, which they sprinkled with grits of spelt and carried in baskets to the officiating priests. These placed them on the altars, and making a fire under them, poured wine over them while they were burning.,16. It is easy to see from Homer's poems that every one of these ceremonies was performed according to the customs established by the Greeks with reference to sacrifices. For he introduces the heroes washing their hands and using barley grits, where he said: Then washed their hands and took up barley-grains. And also cutting off the hair from the head of the victim and placing it on the fire, writing thus: And he, the rite beginning, cast some hairs, Plucked from the victim's head, upon the fire. He also represents them as striking the foreheads of the victims with clubs and stabbing them when they had fallen, as at the sacrifice of Eumaeus: Beginning then the rite, with limb of oak â One he had left when cleaving wood â he smote The boar, which straightway yielded up his life; And next his throat they cut and singed his hide. ,17. And also at taking the first offerings from the inwards and from the limbs as well and sprinkling them with barley-meal and burning them upon the altars, as at that same sacrifice: Then made the swineherd slices of raw meat, Beginning with a cut from every limb, And wrapping them in rich fat, cast them all Upon the fire, first sprinkling barley-meal. ,18. These rites I am acquainted with from having seen the Romans perform them at their sacrifices even in my time; and contented with this single proof, I have become convinced that the founders of Rome were not barbarians, but Greeks who had come together out of many places. It is possible, indeed, that some barbarians also may observe a few customs relating to sacrifices and festivals in the same manner as the Greeks, but that they should do everything in the same way is hard to believe. It now remains for me to give a brief account of the games which the Romans performed after the procession. The first was a race of four-horse chariots, two-horse chariots, and of unyoked horses, as has been the custom among the Greeks, both anciently at Olympia and down to the present. 7.72.2. These were followed by charioteers, some of whom drove four horses abreast, some two, and others rode unyoked horses. After them came the contestants in both the light and the heavy games, their whole bodies naked except their loins. This custom continued even to my time at Rome, as it was originally practised by the Greeks; but it is now abolished in Greece, the Lacedaemonians having put an end to it. 7.73. 2. In the chariot races two very ancient customs continue to be observed by the Romans down to my time in the same manner as they were first instituted. The first relates to the chariots drawn by three horses, a custom now fallen into disuse among the Greeks, though it was an ancient institution of heroic times which Homer represents the Greeks as using in battle. For running beside two horses yoked together in the same manner as in the case of a two-horse chariot was a third horse attached by a trace; this trace-horse the ancients called parêoros or "outrunner," because he was "hitched beside" and not yoked to the others. The other custom is the race run by those who have ridden in the chariots, a race which is still performed in a few Greek states upon the occasion of some ancient sacrifices.,3. For after the chariot races are ended, those who have ridden with the charioteers, whom the poets call parabatai and the Athenians apobatai, leap down from their chariots and run a race with one another the length of the stadium. And after the chariot races were over, those who contended in their own persons entered the lists, that is, runners, boxers, and wrestlers; for these three contests were in use among the ancient Greeks, as Homer shows in describing the funeral of Patroclus.,4. And in the intervals between the contests they observed a custom which was typically Greek and the most commendable of all customs, that of awarding crowns and proclaiming the honours with which they rewarded their benefactors, just as was done at Athens during the festivals of Dionysus, and displaying to all who had assembled for the spectacle the spoils they had taken in war.,5. But as regards these customs, just as it would not have been right to make no mention of them when the subject required it, so it would not be fitting to extend my account farther than is necessary. It is now time to return to the narrative which we interrupted. After the senate, then, had been informed, by the person who remembered the incident, of the circumstances relating to the slave who had been led to punishment by the order of his master and had gone ahead of the procession, they concluded that this slave was the unacceptable leader of the dancers mentioned by the god, as I have related. And inquiring after the master who had used his slave so cruelly, they imposed a suitable penalty upon him, and ordered another procession to be performed in honour of the god and other games to be exhibited at double the expense of the former. These were the events of this consulship. |
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| 70. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Art of Rhetoric, 1.255-1.260, 6.283-6.292 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Borg (2008) 211, 223, 224 |
71. Philo of Alexandria, On The Life of Moses, 1.48, 1.75-1.76, 2.48 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •imagery, athletics •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 201, 389; Geljon and Runia (2013) 205 | 1.48. But while he was preparing to display the decision which he was about to pronounce, Moses was devoting himself to all the labours of virtue, having a teacher within himself, virtuous reason, by whom he had been trained to the most virtuous pursuits of life, and had learnt to apply himself to the contemplation and practice of virtue and to the continual study of the doctrines of philosophy, which he easily and thoroughly comprehended in his soul, and committed to memory in such a manner as never to forget them; and, moreover, he made all his own actions, which were intrinsically praiseworthy, to harmonise with them, desiring not to seem wise and good, but in truth and reality to be so, because he made the right reason of nature his only aim; which is, in fact, the only first principle and fountain of all the virtues. 1.75. And God said, "At first say unto them, I am that I am, that when they have learnt that there is a difference between him that is and him that is not, they may be further taught that there is no name whatever that can properly be assigned to me, who am the only being to whom existence belongs. 1.76. And if, inasmuch as they are weak in their natural abilities, they shall inquire further about my appellation, tell them not only this one fact that I am God, but also that I am the God of those men who have derived their names from virtue, that I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, one of whom is the rule of that wisdom which is derived from teaching, another of natural wisdom, and the third of that which is derived from practice. And if they are still distrustful they shall be taught by these tokens, and then they shall change their dispositions, seeing such signs as no man has hitherto either seen or heard." 2.48. for he was not like any ordinary compiler of history, studying to leave behind him records of ancient transactions as memorials to future ages for the mere sake of affording pleasure without any advantage; but he traced back the most ancient events from the beginning of the world, commencing with the creation of the universe, in order to make known two most necessary principles. First, that the same being was the father and creator of the world, and likewise the lawgiver of truth; secondly, that the man who adhered to these laws, and clung closely to a connection with and obedience to nature, would live in a manner corresponding to the arrangement of the universe with a perfect harmony and union, between his words and his actions and between his actions and his words. |
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| 72. Vitruvius Pollio, On Architecture, None (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •athletes, athletics Found in books: Thonemann (2020) 168, 169 |
73. Philo of Alexandria, On The Sacrifices of Cain And Abel, 130 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 269 | 130. Moreover, those who have committed unintentional homicide, have been allotted the same cities as the Levites to dwell in, because they also were thought worthy of a privilege because of a holy slaughter. When therefore the soul being changed, came to honour the Egyptian God, the body, as fine gold, then all the sacred writings rushing forth of their own accord with defensive weapons, namely demonstrations according to knowledge, putting forward as their leader and general the chief priest, and prophet, and friend of God, Moses, proclaimed an unceasing war in the cause of piety, and would not hear of peace till they had put down all the doctrines of those who opposed them, so that they naturally came to inhabit the same dwellings, inasmuch as they had done similar actions, though not the same. XXXIX. |
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74. Philo of Alexandria, That God Is Unchangeable, 4.120 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 181; Hubbard (2014) 258 | 118. but such things are not the appropriate offspring of a good mind; the progeny of that are the virtues before mentioned, namely the being a man, the being just, the being perfect, the pleasing God, which last particular, inasmuch as it is the crowning one, and as it were the boundary of perfect happiness, is enumerated last of all. |
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| 75. Philo of Alexandria, That The Worse Attacks The Better, 170, 35-36, 32 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 389 |
| 76. Philo of Alexandria, Questions On Genesis, 1.92, 1.96, 4.1-4.19, 4.73, 4.173, 4.218 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery •athletics, Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 182, 254, 269, 389; Wilson (2010) 403 |
77. Mishnah, Avot, 1.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 269| 1.3. "אַנְטִיגְנוֹס אִישׁ סוֹכוֹ קִבֵּל מִשִּׁמְעוֹן הַצַּדִּיק. הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אַל תִּהְיוּ כַעֲבָדִים הַמְשַׁמְּשִׁין אֶת הָרַב עַל מְנָת לְקַבֵּל פְּרָס, אֶלָּא הֱווּ כַעֲבָדִים הַמְשַׁמְּשִׁין אֶת הָרַב שֶׁלֹּא עַל מְנָת לְקַבֵּל פְּרָס, וִיהִי מוֹרָא שָׁמַיִם עֲלֵיכֶם: \n", | 1.3. "Antigonus a man of Socho received [the oral tradition] from Shimon the Righteous. He used to say: do not be like servants who serve the master in the expectation of receiving a reward, but be like servants who serve the master without the expectation of receiving a reward, and let the fear of Heaven be upon you.", |
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78. Mishnah, Bekhorot, 5.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training Found in books: Wilson (2022) 84| 5.6. "הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַבְּכוֹר (וּמְכָרוֹ) וְנוֹדַע שֶׁלֹּא הֶּרְאָהוּ, מַה שֶּׁאָכְלוּ אָכְלוּ וְהוּא יַחֲזִיר לָהֶם אֶת הַדָּמִים. וּמַה שֶׁלֹּא אָכְלוּ, הַבָּשָׂר יִקָּבֵר וְהוּא יַחֲזִיר לָהֶם אֶת הַדָּמִים. וְכֵן הַשּׁוֹחֵט אֶת הַפָּרָה וּמְכָרָהּ וְנוֹדַע שֶׁהִיא טְרֵפָה, מַה שֶׁאָכְלוּ אָכְלוּ וְיַחֲזִיר לָהֶם אֶת הַדָּמִים. וּמַה שֶּׁלֹּא אָכְלוּ, הֵן יַחֲזִירוּ לוֹ אֶת הַבָּשָׂר וְהוּא יַחֲזִיר לָהֶם אֶת הַדָּמִים. מְכָרוּהוּ לַנָּכְרִים אוֹ הִטִּילוּהוּ לַכְּלָבִים, יְשַׁלְּמוּ לוֹ דְמֵי הַטְּרֵפָה: \n", | 5.6. "If one slaughtered a first born and it became known that he had not shown it [to an expert]: That which [the purchasers] have eaten, they ate, and he must return the money to them. That which they have not yet eaten, the flesh must be buried and he must return the money to them. And likewise if one slaughtered a cow and sold it and it became known that it was terefah: That which [the purchasers] have eaten, they ate, and he must return the money to them. That which they have not eaten, they return the flesh to him and he must return the money to them. If [the purchasers], sold it to non-Jews or cast it to dogs, they must pay him the price of a terefah.", |
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79. Mishnah, Nedarim, 4.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training Found in books: Wilson (2022) 84| 4.3. "וְתוֹרֵם אֶת תְּרוּמָתוֹ וּמַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו לְדַעְתּוֹ. וּמַקְרִיב עָלָיו קִנֵּי זָבִין, קִנֵּי זָבוֹת, קִנֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת, חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת, וּמְלַמְּדוֹ מִדְרָשׁ, הֲלָכוֹת וְאַגָּדוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא יְלַמְּדֶנּוּ מִקְרָא. אֲבָל מְלַמֵּד הוּא אֶת בָּנָיו וְאֶת בְּנוֹתָיו מִקְרָא, וְזָן אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת בָּנָיו אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֵיהֶם. וְלֹא יָזוּן אֶת בְּהֶמְתּוֹ, בֵּין טְמֵאָה בֵּין טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, זָן אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה, וְאֵינוֹ זָן אֶת הַטְּהוֹרָה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה בֵּין טְמֵאָה לִטְהוֹרָה. אָמַר לָהֶן, שֶׁהַטְּהוֹרָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, וּטְמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ וְגוּפָהּ לַשָּׁמָיִם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אַף הַטְּמֵאָה נַפְשָׁהּ לַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוּפָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ, שֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה, הֲרֵי הוּא מוֹכְרָהּ לְגוֹיִם אוֹ מַאֲכִילָהּ לִכְלָבִים: \n", | 4.3. "He may donate his terumah and his tithes with his consent. He may offer up for him the bird sacrifices of zavim and zavoth and the bird sacrifices of women after childbirth, sin-offerings and guilt-offerings. He may teach him midrash, halakhoth and aggadoth, but not Scripture, yet he may teach his sons and daughters Scripture And he may support his wife and children, even though he is liable for their maintece. But he may not feed his beasts, whether clean or unclean. Rabbi Eliezer says: he may feed an unclean beast of his, but not a clean one. They said to him: what is the difference between an unclean and a clean beast? He replied to them, a clean beast, its life belongs to heaven, but its body is his own; but an unclean animal its body and life belongs to heaven. They said to him: The life of an unclean beast too belongs to heaven and the body is his own for if he wishes, he can sell it to a non-Jew or feed dogs with it.", |
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80. New Testament, 1 Corinthians, 6.12, 8, 8.1-11.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.12, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15, 9.16, 9.17, 9.18, 9.19, 9.20, 9.21, 9.22, 9.23, 9.24, 9.25, 9.26, 9.27, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10.10, 10.11, 10.12, 10.13, 10.14, 10.15, 10.16, 10.17, 10.18, 10.19, 10.20, 10.21, 10.22 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Wilson (2022) 167, 168| 9.12. εἰ ἄλλοι τῆς ὑμῶν ἐξουσίας μετέχουσιν, οὐ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς; ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐχρησάμεθα τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ταύτῃ, ἀλλὰ πάντα στέγομεν ἵνα μή τινα ἐνκοπὴν δῶμεν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ χριστοῦ. | 9.12. If others partake of this right overyou, don't we yet more? Nevertheless we did not use this right, but webear all things, that we may cause no hindrance to the gospel ofChrist. |
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| 81. New Testament, Acts, 15 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training Found in books: Wilson (2022) 98, 101 |
82. New Testament, Galatians, 1.10-1.12, 2.1-2.14, 3.13, 3.24-3.25, 4.1-4.3, 4.5, 4.7-4.8, 4.21-4.31, 5.1-5.2, 5.7, 5.13, 6.12-6.13 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Wilson (2022) 96, 99, 101, 109| 1.10. Ἄρτι γὰρ ἀνθρώπους πείθω ἢ τὸν θεόν; ἢ ζητῶ ἀνθρώποις ἀρέσκειν; εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον, Χριστοῦ δοῦλος οὐκ ἂν ἤμην. 1.11. γνωρίζω γὰρ ὑμῖν, ἀδελφοί, τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον· 1.12. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτό, οὔτε ἐδιδάχθην, ἀλλὰ διʼ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. 2.1. Ἔπειτα διὰ δεκατεσσάρων ἐτῶν πάλιν ἀνέβην εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα μετὰ Βαρνάβα, συνπαραλαβὼν καὶ Τίτον· ἀνέβην δὲ κατὰ ἀποκάλυψιν· 2.2. καὶ ἀνεθέμην αὐτοῖς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ὃ κηρύσσω ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, κατʼ ἰδίαν δὲ τοῖς δοκοῦσιν, μή πως εἰς κενὸν τρέχω ἢ ἔδραμον. 2.3. ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ Τίτος ὁ σὺν ἐμοί, Ἕλλην ὤν, ἠναγκάσθη περιτμηθῆναι· 2.4. διὰ δὲ τοὺς παρεισάκτους ψευδαδέλφους, οἵτινες παρεισῆλθον κατασκοπῆσαι τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἡμῶν ἣν ἔχομεν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ἵνα ἡμᾶς καταδουλώσουσιν, 2.5. — οἷς οὐδὲ πρὸς ὥραν εἴξαμεν τῇ ὑποταγῇ, ἵνα ἡ ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου διαμείνῃ πρὸς ὑμᾶς. 2.6. ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν δοκούντων εἶναί τι — ὁποῖοί ποτε ἦσαν οὐδέν μοι διαφέρει — πρόσωπον [ὁ] θεὸς ἀνθρώπου οὐ λαμβάνει — ἐμοὶ γὰρ οἱ δοκοῦντες οὐδὲν προσανέθεντο, 2.7. ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἰδόντες ὅτι πεπίστευμαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς ἀκροβυστίας καθὼς Πέτρος τῆς περιτομῆς, 2.8. ὁ γὰρ ἐνεργήσας Πέτρῳ εἰς ἀποστολὴν τῆς περιτομῆς ἐνήργησεν καὶ ἐμοὶ εἰς τὰ ἔθνη, 2.9. καὶ γνόντες τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι, Ἰάκωβος καὶ Κηφᾶς καὶ Ἰωάνης, οἱ δοκοῦντες στύλοι εἶναι, δεξιὰς ἔδωκαν ἐμοὶ καὶ Βαρνάβᾳ κοινωνίας, ἵνα ἡμεῖς εἰς τὰ ἔθνη, αὐτοὶ δὲ εἰς τὴν περιτομήν· 2.10. μόνον τῶν πτωχῶν ἵνα μνημονεύωμεν, ὃ καὶ ἐσπούδασα αὐτὸ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι. 2.11. Ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν Κηφᾶς εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτῷ ἀντέστην, ὅτι κατεγνωσμένος ἦν· 2.12. πρὸ τοῦ γὰρ ἐλθεῖν τινὰς ἀπὸ Ἰακώβου μετὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν συνήσθιεν· ὅτε δὲ ἦλθον, ὑπέστελλεν καὶ ἀφώριζεν ἑαυτόν, φοβούμενος τοὺς ἐκ περιτομῆς. 2.13. καὶ συνυπεκρίθησαν αὐτῷ [καὶ] οἱ λοιποὶ Ἰουδαῖοι, ὥστε καὶ Βαρνάβας συναπήχθη αὐτῶν τῇ ὑποκρίσει. 2.14. ἀλλʼ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, εἶπον τῷ Κηφᾷ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων Εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς ζῇς, πῶς τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν; 3.13. Χριστὸς ἡμᾶς ἐξηγόρασεν ἐκ τῆς κατάρας τοῦ νόμου γενόμενος ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν κατάρα, ὅτι γέγραπταιἘπικατάρατος πᾶς ὁ κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου, 3.24. ὥστε ὁ νόμος παιδαγωγὸς ἡμῶν γέγονεν εἰς Χριστόν, ἵνα ἐκ πίστεως δικαιωθῶμεν· 3.25. ἐλθούσης δὲ τῆς πίστεως οὐκέτι ὑπὸ παιδαγωγόν ἐσμεν. 4.1. Λέγω δέ, ἐφʼ ὅσον χρόνον ὁ κληρονόμος νήπιός ἐστιν, οὐδὲν διαφέρει δούλου κύριος πάντων ὤν, 4.2. ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ ἐπιτρόπους ἐστὶ καὶ οἰκονόμους ἄχρι τῆς προθεσμίας τοῦ πατρός. 4.3. οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς, ὅτε ἦμεν νήπιοι, ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου ἤμεθα δεδουλωμένοι· 4.5. ἵνα τοὺς ὑπὸ νόμον ἐξαγοράσῃ, ἵνα τὴν υἱοθεσίαν ἀπολάβωμεν. 4.7. ὥστε οὐκέτι εἶ δοῦλος ἀλλὰ υἱός· εἰ δὲ υἱός, καὶ κληρονόμος διὰ θεοῦ. 4.8. Ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν οὐκ εἰδότες θεὸν ἐδουλεύσατε τοῖς φύσει μὴ οὖσι θεοῖς· 4.21. Λέγετέ μοι, οἱ ὑπὸ νόμον θέλοντες εἶναι, τὸν νόμον οὐκ ἀκούετε; 4.22. γέγραπται γὰρ ὅτι Ἀβραὰμ δύο υἱοὺς ἔσχεν, ἕνα ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης καὶ ἕνα ἐκ τῆς ἐλευθέρας· 4.23. ἀλλʼ ὁ [μὲν] ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα γεγέννηται, ὁ δὲ ἐκ τῆς ἐλευθέρας διʼ ἐπαγγελίας. 4.24. ἅτινά ἐστιν ἀλληγορούμενα· αὗται γάρ εἰσιν δύο διαθῆκαι, μία μὲν ἀπὸ ὄρους Σινά, εἰς δουλείαν γεννῶσα, ἥτις ἐστὶν Ἅγαρ, 4.25. τὸ δὲ Ἅγαρ Σινὰ ὄρος ἐστὶν ἐν τῇ Ἀραβίᾳ, συνστοιχεῖ δὲ τῇ νῦν Ἰερουσαλήμ, δουλεύει γὰρ μετὰ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς· 4.26. ἡ δὲ ἄνω Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἐλευθέρα ἐστίν, 4.27. ἥτις ἐστὶν μήτηρ ἡμῶν· γέγραπται γάρ 4.28. ἡμεῖς δέ, ἀδελφοί, κατὰ Ἰσαὰκ ἐπαγγελίας τέκνα ἐσμέν· 4.29. ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ τότε ὁ κατὰ σάρκα γεννηθεὶς ἐδίωκε τὸν κατὰ πνεῦμα, οὕτως καὶ νῦν. 4.30. ἀλλὰ τί λέγει ἡ γραφή; Ἔκβαλε τὴν παιδίσκην καὶ τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς, οὐ γὰρ μὴ κληρονομήσει ὁ υἱὸς τῆς παιδίσκης μετὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἐλευθέρας. 4.31. διό, ἀδελφοί, οὐκ ἐσμὲν παιδίσκης τέκνα ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐλευθέρας. 5.1. Τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ ἡμᾶς Χριστὸς ἠλευθέρωσεν· στήκετε οὖν καὶ μὴ πάλιν ζυγῷ δουλείας ἐνέχεσθε.— 5.2. Ἴδε ἐγὼ Παῦλος λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι ἐὰν περιτέμνησθε Χριστὸς ὑμᾶς οὐδὲν ὠφελήσει. 5.7. Ἐτρέχετε καλῶς· τίς ὑμᾶς ἐνέκοψεν ἀληθείᾳ μὴ πείθεσθαι; 5.13. μόνον μὴ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν εἰς ἀφορμὴν τῇ σαρκί, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῆς ἀγάπης δουλεύετε ἀλλήλοις· 6.12. Ὅσοι θέλουσιν εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί, οὗτοι ἀναγκάζουσιν ὑμᾶς περιτέμνεσθαι, μόνον ἵνα τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ χριστοῦ [Ἰησοῦ] — μὴ διώκωνται· 6.13. οὐδὲ γὰρ οἱ περιτεμνόμενοι αὐτοὶ νόμον φυλάσσουσιν, ἀλλὰ θέλουσιν ὑμᾶς περιτέμνεσθαι ἵνα ἐν τῇ ὑμετέρᾳ σαρκὶ καυχήσωνται. | 1.10. For am I now seeking thefavor of men, or of God? Or am I striving to please men? For if I werestill pleasing men, I wouldn't be a servant of Christ. 1.11. But Imake known to you, brothers, concerning the gospel which was preachedby me, that it is not according to man. 1.12. For neither did Ireceive it from man, nor was I taught it, but it came to me throughrevelation of Jesus Christ. 2.1. Then after a period of fourteen years I went up again toJerusalem with Barnabas, taking Titus also with me. 2.2. I went up byrevelation, and I laid before them the gospel which I preach among theGentiles, but privately before those who were respected, for fear thatI might be running, or had run, in vain. 2.3. But not even Titus, whowas with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised. 2.4. Thiswas because of the false brothers secretly brought in, who stole in tospy out our liberty which we have in Christ Jesus, that they mightbring us into bondage; 2.5. to whom we gave no place in the way ofsubjection, not for an hour, that the truth of the gospel mightcontinue with you. 2.6. But from those who were reputed to beimportant (whatever they were, it makes no difference to me; Goddoesn't show partiality to man) -- they, I say, who were respectedimparted nothing to me, 2.7. but to the contrary, when they saw that Ihad been entrusted with the gospel for the uncircumcision, even asPeter with the gospel for the circumcision 2.8. (for he who appointedPeter to the apostleship of the circumcision appointed me also to theGentiles); 2.9. and when they perceived the grace that was given tome, James and Cephas and John, they who were reputed to be pillars,gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should goto the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision. 2.10. They only askedus to remember the poor -- which very thing I was also zealous to do. 2.11. But when Peter came to Antioch, I resisted him to the face,because he stood condemned. 2.12. For before some people came fromJames, he ate with the Gentiles. But when they came, he drew back andseparated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. 2.13. And the rest of the Jews joined him in his hypocrisy; so that evenBarnabas was carried away with their hypocrisy. 2.14. But when I sawthat they didn't walk uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, Isaid to Peter before them all, "If you, being a Jew, live as theGentiles do, and not as the Jews do, why do you compel the Gentiles tolive as the Jews do? 3.13. Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become acurse for us. For it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on atree," 3.24. So that the law has become our tutor to bring us toChrist, that we might be justified by faith. 3.25. But now that faithis come, we are no longer under a tutor. 4.1. But I say that so long as the heir is a child, he is nodifferent from a bondservant, though he is lord of all; 4.2. but isunder guardians and stewards until the day appointed by the father. 4.3. So we also, when we were children, were held in bondage under theelements of the world. 4.5. thathe might redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive theadoption of sons. 4.7. Soyou are no longer a bondservant, but a son; and if a son, then an heirof God through Christ. 4.8. However at that time, not knowing God, youwere in bondage to those who by nature are not gods. 4.21. Tell me, you that desire to be under the law, don't you listen to thelaw? 4.22. For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by thehandmaid, and one by the free woman. 4.23. However, the son by thehandmaid was born according to the flesh, but the son by the free womanwas born through promise. 4.24. These things contain an allegory, forthese are two covets. One is from Mount Sinai, bearing children tobondage, which is Hagar. 4.25. For this Hagar is Mount Sinai inArabia, and answers to the Jerusalem that exists now, for she is inbondage with her children. 4.26. But the Jerusalem that is above isfree, which is the mother of us all. 4.27. For it is written,"Rejoice, you barren who don't bear. Break forth and shout, you that don't travail. For more are the children of the desolate than of her who has a husband." 4.28. Now we, brothers, as Isaac was, are children of promise. 4.29. But as then, he who was born according to the flesh persecutedhim who was born according to the Spirit, so also it is now. 4.30. However what does the Scripture say? "Throw out the handmaid and herson, for the son of the handmaid will not inherit with the son of thefree woman." 4.31. So then, brothers, we are not children of ahandmaid, but of the free woman. 5.1. Stand firm therefore in the liberty by which Christ has madeus free, and don't be entangled again with a yoke of bondage. 5.2. Behold, I, Paul, tell you that if you receive circumcision, Christ willprofit you nothing. 5.7. You were running well! Who interfered withyou that you should not obey the truth? 5.13. For you, brothers, were called for freedom. Only don't useyour freedom for gain to the flesh, but through love be servants to oneanother. 6.12. As many as desire to look good in the flesh, they compel you tobe circumcised; only that they may not be persecuted for the cross ofChrist. 6.13. For even they who receive circumcision don't keep thelaw themselves, but they desire to have you circumcised, that they mayboast in your flesh. |
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83. New Testament, Philippians, 2.16, 3.1-3.2, 3.6, 3.12-3.21 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training Found in books: Wilson (2022) 84, 95, 96, 98, 101, 167, 211| 2.16. λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες, εἰς καύχημα ἐμοὶ εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ, ὅτι οὐκ εἰς κενὸν ἔδραμον οὐδὲεἰς κενὸν ἐκοπίασα. 3.1. Τὸ λοιπόν, ἀδελφοί μου, χαίρετε ἐν κυρίῳ. τὰ αὐτὰ γράφειν ὑμῖν ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐκ ὀκνηρόν, ὑμῖν δὲ ἀσφαλές.— 3.2. Βλέπετε τοὺς κύνας, βλέπετε τοὺς κακοὺς ἐργάτας, βλέπετε τὴν κατατομήν. 3.6. κατὰ ζῆλος διώκων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, κατὰ δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐν νόμῳ γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος. 3.12. διώκω δὲ εἰ καὶ καταλάβω, ἐφʼ ᾧ καὶ κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ [Ἰησοῦ]. ἀδελφοί, ἐγὼ ἐμαυτὸν οὔπω λογίζομαι κατειληφέναι· 3.13. ἓν δέ, τὰ μὲν ὀπίσω ἐπιλανθανόμενος τοῖς δὲ ἔμπροσθεν ἐπεκτεινόμενος, 3.14. κατὰ σκοπὸν διώκω εἰς τὸ βραβεῖον τῆς ἄνω κλήσεως τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. 3.15. Ὅσοι οὖν τέλειοι, τοῦτο φρονῶμεν· καὶ εἴ τι ἑτέρως φρονεῖτε, καὶ τοῦτο ὁ θεὸς ὑμῖν ἀποκαλύψει· 3.16. πλὴν εἰς ὃ ἐφθάσαμεν, τῷ αὐτῷ στοιχεῖν. 3.17. Συνμιμηταί μου γίνεσθε, ἀδελφοί, καὶ σκοπεῖτε τοὺς οὕτω περιπατοῦντας καθὼς ἔχετε τύπον ἡμᾶς· 3.18. πολλοὶ γὰρ περιπατοῦσιν οὓς πολλάκις ἔλεγον ὑμῖν, νῦν δὲ καὶ κλαίων λέγω, τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ σταυροῦ τοῦ χριστοῦ, 3.19. ὧν τὸ τέλος ἀπώλεια, ὧν ὁ θεὸς ἡ κοιλία καὶ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν, οἱ τὰ ἐπίγεια φρονοῦντες. 3.20. ἡμῶν γὰρ τὸ πολίτευμα ἐν οὐρανοῖς ὑπάρχει, ἐξ οὗ καὶ σωτῆρα ἀπεκδεχόμεθα κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, 3.21. ὃς μετασχηματίσει τὸ σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι αὐτὸν καὶ ὑποτάξαι αὑτῷ τὰ πάντα. | 2.16. holding up the word of life; that I may have something to boast in the day of Christ, that I didn't run in vain nor labor in vain. 3.1. Finally, my brothers, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same things to you, to me indeed is not tiresome, but for you it is safe. 3.2. Beware of the dogs, beware of the evil workers, beware of the false circumcision. 3.6. concerning zeal, persecuting the assembly; concerning the righteousness which is in the law, found blameless. 3.12. Not that I have already obtained, or am already made perfect; but I press on, if it is so that I may take hold of that for which also I was taken hold of by Christ Jesus. 3.13. Brothers, I don't regard myself as yet having taken hold, but one thing I do. Forgetting the things which are behind, and stretching forward to the things which are before, 3.14. I press on toward the goal for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. 3.15. Let us therefore, as many as are perfect, think this way. If in anything you think otherwise, God will also reveal that to you. 3.16. Nevertheless, to the extent that we have already attained, let us walk by the same rule. Let us be of the same mind. 3.17. Brothers, be imitators together of me, and note those who walk this way, even as you have us for an example. 3.18. For many walk, of whom I told you often, and now tell you even weeping, as the enemies of the cross of Christ, 3.19. whose end is destruction, whose god is the belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who think about earthly things. 3.20. For our citizenship is in heaven, from where we also wait for a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ; 3.21. who will change the body of our humiliation to be conformed to the body of his glory, according to the working by which he is able even to subject all things to himself. |
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84. New Testament, Romans, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 2, 3, 3.31, 6, 7, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 7.15, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18, 7.19, 7.20, 7.21, 7.22, 7.23, 7.24, 7.25, 8, 9, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.16, 9.30-10.4, 9.30, 9.31, 10, 10.4, 10.5, 11, 14, 15 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Wilson (2022) 211| 7.11. ἡ γὰρ ἁμαρτία ἀφορμὴν λαβοῦσα διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς ἐξηπάτησέν με καὶ διʼ αὐτῆς ἀπέκτεινεν. | 7.11. for sin, finding occasion through the commandment, deceived me, and through it killed me. |
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| 85. Plutarch, On The Face Which Appears In The Orb of The Moon, 3.14 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •sparta, female athletics •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 258 |
| 86. Petronius Arbiter, Satyricon, 92 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 253 |
| 87. Plutarch, On Stoic Self-Contradictions, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training Found in books: Wilson (2022) 57 |
| 88. Martial, Epigrams, 1.23, 1.96, 2.43, 9.25, 9.27, 9.33, 9.36, 11.63, 11.75 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 253 |
| 89. Plutarch, Philopoemen, 3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 260 |
90. Plutarch, Letter of Condolence To Apollonius, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 389 | 102d. But to be carried beyond all bounds and to help in exaggerating our griefs Isay is contrary to nature, and results from our depraved ideas. Therefore this also must be dismissed as injurious and depraved and most unbecoming to right-minded men, but a moderate indulgence is not to be disapproved. "Pray that we be not ill," says Crantor of the Academy, "but if we be ill, pray that sensation be left us, whether one of our members be cut off or torn out." For this insensibility to pain is attained by man only at a great price; for in the former case, we may suppose, it is the body which has been brutalized into such insensibility, |
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| 91. Statius, Siluae, 1.6.33, 3.4.12-3.4.20, 4.2.10-4.2.12 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 253 |
| 92. Suetonius, Augustus, 44 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 257 |
| 93. Suetonius, Nero, 12, 21 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 253 |
94. Tacitus, Annals, 14.14.1, 14.20 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 252; Shannon-Henderson (2019) 304 | 14.20. In the consulate of Nero â his fourth term â and of Cornelius Cossus, a quinquennial competition on the stage, in the style of a Greek contest, was introduced at Rome. Like almost all innovations it was variously canvassed. Some insisted that "even Pompey had been censured by his elders for establishing the theatre in a permanent home. Before, the games had usually been exhibited with the help of improvised tiers of benches and a stage thrown up for the occasion; or, to go further into the past, the people stood to watch: seats in the theatre, it was feared, might tempt them to pass whole days in indolence. By all means let the spectacles be retained in their old form, whenever the praetor presided, and so long as no citizen lay under any obligation to compete. But the national morality, which had gradually fallen into oblivion, was being overthrown from the foundations by this imported licentiousness; the aim of which was that every production of every land, capable of either undergoing or engendering corruption, should be on view in the capital, and that our youth, under the influence of foreign tastes, should degenerate into votaries of the gymnasia, of indolence, and of dishonourable amours, â and this at the instigation of the emperor and senate, who, not content with conferring immunity upon vice, were applying compulsion, in order that Roman nobles should pollute themselves on the stage under pretext of delivering an oration or a poem. What remained but to strip to the skin as well, put on the gloves, and practise that mode of conflict instead of the profession of arms? Would justice be promoted, would the equestrian decuries better fulfil their great judicial functions, if they had lent an expert ear to emasculated music and dulcet voices? Even night had been requisitioned for scandal, so that virtue should not be left with a breathing-space, but that amid a promiscuous crowd every vilest profligate might venture in the dark the act for which he had lusted in the light." |
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95. Tacitus, Histories, 5.5 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 602 | 5.5. Whatever their origin, these rites are maintained by their antiquity: the other customs of the Jews are base and abominable, and owe their persistence to their depravity. For the worst rascals among other peoples, renouncing their ancestral religions, always kept sending tribute and contributions to Jerusalem, thereby increasing the wealth of the Jews; again, the Jews are extremely loyal toward one another, and always ready to show compassion, but toward every other people they feel only hate and enmity. They sit apart at meals, and they sleep apart, and although as a race, they are prone to lust, they abstain from intercourse with foreign women; yet among themselves nothing is unlawful. They adopted circumcision to distinguish themselves from other peoples by this difference. Those who are converted to their ways follow the same practice, and the earliest lesson they receive is to despise the gods, to disown their country, and to regard their parents, children, and brothers as of little account. However, they take thought to increase their numbers; for they regard it as a crime to kill any late-born child, and they believe that the souls of those who are killed in battle or by the executioner are immortal: hence comes their passion for begetting children, and their scorn of death. They bury the body rather than burn it, thus following the Egyptians' custom; they likewise bestow the same care on the dead, and hold the same belief about the world below; but their ideas of heavenly things are quite the opposite. The Egyptians worship many animals and monstrous images; the Jews conceive of one god only, and that with the mind alone: they regard as impious those who make from perishable materials representations of gods in man's image; that supreme and eternal being is to them incapable of representation and without end. Therefore they set up no statues in their cities, still less in their temples; this flattery is not paid their kings, nor this honour given to the Caesars. But since their priests used to chant to the accompaniment of pipes and cymbals and to wear garlands of ivy, and because a golden vine was found in their temple, some have thought that they were devotees of Father Liber, the conqueror of the East, in spite of the incongruity of their customs. For Liber established festive rites of a joyous nature, while the ways of the Jews are preposterous and mean. |
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| 96. Petronius Arbiter, Satyricon, 92 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 253 |
| 97. Plutarch, Lycurgus, 14-15, 18, 17 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 259 |
| 98. Martial, Epigrams, 1.23, 1.96, 2.43, 9.25, 9.27, 9.33, 9.36, 11.63, 11.75 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 253 |
| 99. Seneca The Younger, Letters, 18.5-18.13, 47.9-47.10, 49.6-49.7, 51.4-51.12, 56.15, 59.6-59.13, 59.16, 94.1-94.4, 95.4-95.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training Found in books: Wilson (2022) 56, 57 |
| 100. Aretaeus, On The Causes And Symptoms of Acute Disease (Book 1), 2.5.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 260 |
| 101. Plutarch, Roman Questions, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 252 |
| 102. Aretaeus, On The Causes And Symptoms of Acute Disease (Book 2), 2.5.4 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 260 |
| 103. Artemidorus, Oneirocritica, None (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Thonemann (2020) 160 |
| 104. Juvenal, Satires, 6.103-6.113, 12.102-12.107 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletes, athletics Found in books: Thonemann (2020) 176, 202 |
105. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 16.162 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 603 | 16.162. 2. “Caesar Augustus, high priest and tribune of the people, ordains thus: Since the nation of the Jews hath been found grateful to the Roman people, not only at this time, but in time past also, and chiefly Hyrcanus the high priest, under my father Caesar the emperor, |
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| 106. Epictetus, Discourses, 1.2.8-1.2.9, 1.14.12, 1.18.20, 2.2.21-2.2.26, 2.5.3, 2.5.15-2.5.23, 2.11.12, 2.17.29-2.17.38, 3.3.11-3.3.13, 3.12.7-3.12.12, 3.13.20-3.13.21, 3.20.9-3.20.12, 3.24.31, 3.24.84, 3.24.108, 4.12.15-4.12.17 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training Found in books: Wilson (2022) 56, 57, 72, 95, 109 |
107. Dio Chrysostom, Orations, 7.25-7.26, 28.5, 28.12 (1st cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletes, athletics •social imaginary, and athletics •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 260; Stavrianopoulou (2013) 321, 322; Thonemann (2020) 113 | 7.25. This wrath of theirs was something terrible, and they at once frightened the men against whom they raised their voices, so that some of them ran about begging for mercy, while others threw off their cloaks for fear. I too myself was once almost knocked over by the shouting, as though a tidal wave or thunder-storm had suddenly broken over me. 7.26. And other men would come forward, or stand up where they were, and address the multitude, sometimes using a few words, at other times making long speeches. To some of these they would listen for quite a long time, but at others they were angry as soon as they opened their mouths, and they would not let them so much as cheep. "But when they finally settled down and there was quiet, they brought me forward. 28.5. "What!" I exclaimed, "Is Melancomas dead?" â for even we knew his name at least, although we had never seen the man himself. "Yes," he replied, "he died not long ago. I believe this is the second day since he was buried." "And in what respect," I asked, "was he superior to this man and to the others also? Was it in size, or in courage?" "That man, sir," he replied, "was more courageous and bigger than any other man in the world, not merely than any of his opponents; and furthermore, he was the most beautiful. And if he had remained an amateur and had not gone in for boxing at all, I believe that he would have become widely known simply on account of his beauty; for even as it was, he attracted everybody's attention whenever he went anywhere, even that of people who did not know who he was. 28.12. "Then," said I, "you have no reason for calling him wretched. On the contrary, he must be most blessed and fortunate if he was the sort of man report makes him. It was his good fortune to come of an illustrious family, to possess beauty, and, in addition, courage, physical strength, and self-control â things that are certainly the greatest blessings. But what was indeed the most surprising thing about a man is, to have remained undefeated not only by his opponents but also by toil and heat and gluttony and sensuality; for the man who is going to prove inferior to none of his opponents must first be undefeated by these things. |
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| 108. Athenaeus, The Learned Banquet, None (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 249 |
109. Anon., Genesis Rabba, 30.8-30.9 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 181| 30.8. תָּמִים הָיָה בְּדֹרֹתָיו (בראשית ו, ט), בַּר חַטְיָיא אָמַר כָּל מִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ תָּמִים, הִשְּׁלִים שָׁנָיו לְמִדַּת שָׁבוּעַ. הָיָה, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן כָּל מִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ הָיָה, מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ וְעַד סוֹפוֹ הוּא צַדִּיק. הֲתִיבוּן לֵיהּ וְהָכְתִיב (יחזקאל לג, כד): אֶחָד הָיָה אַבְרָהָם וַיִּירַשׁ אֶת הָאָרֶץ, מֵעַתָּה הוּא תְּחִלָּתוֹ וְהוּא סוֹפוֹ. אֲמַר לְהוֹן אַף הִיא לָא תַבְרָא, דְּהָא רַבִּי לֵוִי בְּשֵׁם רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר בֶּן שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים הִכִּיר אַבְרָהָם אֶת בּוֹרְאוֹ וכו', רַבִּי חֲנִינָא וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן תַּרְוֵיהוֹן אָמְרִין בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמוֹנֶה שָׁנָה הִכִּיר אַבְרָהָם אֶת בּוֹרְאוֹ, וּמַה אֲנִי מְקַיֵּם הָיָה, שֶׁהָיָה מְתֻקָּן לְהַדְרִיךְ כָּל הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ בִּתְשׁוּבָה. (בראשית ג, כב): הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה, מְתֻקָּן לְמִיתָה, נָחָשׁ (בראשית ג, א): הָיָה, מְתֻקָּן לְפֻרְעָנוּת, קַיִן (בראשית ד, ב): הָיָה, מְתֻקָּן לְגָלוּת, אִיּוֹב (איוב א, א): הָיָה, מְתֻקָּן לְיִסּוּרִין, נֹחַ הָיָה, מְתֻקָּן לַנֵּס, משֶׁה (שמות ג, א): הָיָה, מְתֻקָּן לַגּוֹאֵל, מָרְדְּכַי (אסתר ב, ה): הָיָה, מְתֻקָּן לִגְאֻלָּה. רַבִּי לֵוִי וְרַבָּנָן, רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר כָּל מִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ הָיָה, רָאָה עוֹלָם חָדָשׁ, אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל חֲמִשָּׁה הֵן: נֹחַ, אֶתְמוֹל (איוב יד, יט): אֲבָנִים שָׁחֲקוּ מַיִם, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אֲפִלּוּ אִצְטְרֻבָּלִין שֶׁל רֵחַיִם נִמְחֶה בַּמַּיִם, וְהָכָא אַתְּ אָמַר (בראשית ט, יח): וַיִּהְיוּ בְנֵי נֹחַ הַיֹּצְאִים מִן הַתֵּבָה, אֶתְמָהָא, אֶלָּא רָאָה עוֹלָם חָדָשׁ. יוֹסֵף (תהלים קה, יח): עִנּוּ בַכֶּבֶל רַגְלוֹ, וְעַכְשָׁו (בראשית מב, ו): וְיוֹסֵף הוּא הַשַּׁלִּיט, אֶלָּא שֶׁרָאָה עוֹלָם חָדָשׁ. משֶׁה, אֶתְמוֹל בּוֹרֵחַ מִפְּנֵי פַּרְעֹה, וְעַכְשָׁו הוּא מְשַׁקְּעוֹ בַּיָּם, אֶלָּא שֶׁרָאָה עוֹלָם חָדָשׁ. אִיּוֹב, אֶתְמוֹל (איוב טז, יג): יִשְׁפֹּךְ לָאָרֶץ מְרֵרָתִי, וְעַכְשָׁו (איוב מב, י): וַיּוֹסֶף ה' אֶת כָּל אֲשֶׁר לְאִיּוֹב לְמִשְׁנֶה, אֶלָּא שֶׁרָאָה עוֹלָם חָדָשׁ. מָרְדְּכַי, אֶתְמוֹל הָיָה מְתֻקָּן לִצְלִיבָה, וְעַכְשָׁו הוּא צוֹלֵב אֶת צוֹלְבָיו, אֶלָּא שֶׁרָאָה עוֹלָם חָדָשׁ, רַבָּנָן אָמְרִין כָּל מִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ הָיָה, זָן וּמְפַרְנֵס, נֹחַ, זָן וּפִרְנֵס כָּל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ו, כא): וְאַתָּה קַח לְךָ וגו'. יוֹסֵף (בראשית מז, יב): וַיְכַלְכֵּל יוֹסֵף אֶת אָבִיו וְאֶת אֶחָיו. משֶׁה, זָן וּפִרְנֵס אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה בַּמִּדְבָּר. (איוב לא, יז): וְאֹכַל פִּתִּי לְבַדִּי, שֶׁמָּא (איוב לא, יז): וְלֹא אָכַל יָתוֹם מִמֶּנָּה, אֶתְמָהָא. מָרְדְּכַי זָן וּפִרְנֵס, אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן פַּעַם אַחַת חִזֵּר עַל כָּל הַמֵּנִיקוֹת וְלֹא מָצָא לְאֶסְתֵּר לְאַלְתָּר מֵינִיקָה, וְהָיָה מֵינִיקָהּ הוּא, רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה וְרַבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בָּא לוֹ חָלָב וְהָיָה מֵינִיקָהּ. כַּד דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי אַבָּהוּ בְּצִבּוּרָא גָּחוֹךְ צִבּוּרָא לְקָלֵיהּ, אֲמַר לְהוֹן וְלָא מַתְנִיתָּא הִיא, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר חָלָב הַזָּכָר טָהוֹר. 30.9. בְּדֹרֹתָיו, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אָמַר בְּדֹרֹתָיו הָיָה צַדִּיק, הָא אִלּוּ הָיָה בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה אוֹ בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמוּאֵל לֹא הָיָה צַדִּיק. בְּשׁוּק סְמַיָּא צָוְחִין לַעֲוִירָא סַגֵּי נְהוֹר, מָשָׁל לְאֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ מַרְתֵּף אֶחָד שֶׁל יַיִן, פָּתַח חָבִית אַחַת וּמְצָאָהּ שֶׁל חֹמֶץ, שְׁנִיָּה כֵּן, שְׁלִישִׁית וּמְצָאָהּ קוֹסֵס, אָמְרִין לֵיהּ קוֹסֵס הוּא, אֲמַר לְהוֹן וְאִית הָכָא טַב מִינָהּ, אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ לָא. כָּךְ בְּדֹרֹתָיו הָיָה צַדִּיק הָא אִלּוּ הָיָה בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה אוֹ בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמוּאֵל לֹא הָיָה צַדִּיק. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אָמַר וּמָה אִם בְּדֹרֹתָיו הָיָה צַדִּיק, אִלּוּ הָיָה בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה אוֹ בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמוּאֵל עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, מָשָׁל לִצְלוֹחִית שֶׁל אֲפַרְסְמוֹן מֻקֶּפֶת צָמִיד פָּתִיל, וּמֻנַּחַת בֵּין הַקְּבָרוֹת, וְהָיָה רֵיחָהּ נוֹדֵף, וְאִלּוּ הָיָה חוּץ לַקְּבָרוֹת עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, מָשָׁל לִבְתוּלָה שֶׁהָיְתָה שְׁרוּיָה בְּשׁוּק שֶׁל זוֹנוֹת וְלֹא יָצָא עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם רָע, אִלּוּ הָיְתָה בְּשׁוּקָן שֶׁל כְּשֵׁרוֹת עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה, כָּךְ, וּמָה אִם בְּדֹרֹתָיו הָיָה צַדִּיק אִלּוּ הָיָה בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה אוֹ בְּדוֹרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמוּאֵל עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה. | |
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110. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 4.22, 4.22.7 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 602; Hubbard (2014) 252 | 4.22. To Sempronius Rufus. I have been called in by our excellent Emperor to take part and advise upon the following case. Under the will of a certain person, it has been the custom at Vienna * to hold a gymnastic contest. Trebonius Rufus, a man of high principle and a personal friend of mine, in his capacity of duumvir, discontinued and abolished the custom, and it was objected that he had no legal authority to do so. He pleaded his case not only with eloquence but to good effect, and what lent force to his pleading was that he spoke with discretion and dignity, as a Roman and a good citizen should, in a matter that concerned himself. When the opinion of the Council was taken, Junius Mauricus, who stands second to none for strength of will and devotion to truth, was against restoring the contest to the people of Vienna, and he added, "I wish the games could be abolished at Rome as well." That is a bold consistent line, you will say. So it is, but that is no new thing with Mauricus. He spoke just as frankly before the Emperor Nerva. Nerva was dining with a few friends; Veiento was sitting next to him and was leaning on his shoulder - I need say no more after mentioning the man's name. The conversation turned upon Catullus Messalinus, who was blind, and had that curse to bear in addition to his savage disposition. He was void of fear, shame, and pity, and on that account Domitian often used him as a tool for the destruction of the best men in the State, just as though he were a dart urging on its blind and sightless course. All at table were speaking of this man's villainy and bloody counsels, when the Emperor himself said |
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111. Pliny The Younger, Letters, 4.22, 4.22.7 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 602; Hubbard (2014) 252 | 4.22. To Sempronius Rufus. I have been called in by our excellent Emperor to take part and advise upon the following case. Under the will of a certain person, it has been the custom at Vienna * to hold a gymnastic contest. Trebonius Rufus, a man of high principle and a personal friend of mine, in his capacity of duumvir, discontinued and abolished the custom, and it was objected that he had no legal authority to do so. He pleaded his case not only with eloquence but to good effect, and what lent force to his pleading was that he spoke with discretion and dignity, as a Roman and a good citizen should, in a matter that concerned himself. When the opinion of the Council was taken, Junius Mauricus, who stands second to none for strength of will and devotion to truth, was against restoring the contest to the people of Vienna, and he added, "I wish the games could be abolished at Rome as well." That is a bold consistent line, you will say. So it is, but that is no new thing with Mauricus. He spoke just as frankly before the Emperor Nerva. Nerva was dining with a few friends; Veiento was sitting next to him and was leaning on his shoulder - I need say no more after mentioning the man's name. The conversation turned upon Catullus Messalinus, who was blind, and had that curse to bear in addition to his savage disposition. He was void of fear, shame, and pity, and on that account Domitian often used him as a tool for the destruction of the best men in the State, just as though he were a dart urging on its blind and sightless course. All at table were speaking of this man's villainy and bloody counsels, when the Emperor himself said |
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| 112. Herodian, History of The Empire After Marcus, 4.2.11 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletes, athletics Found in books: Thonemann (2020) 202 |
| 113. Achilles Tatius, The Adventures of Leucippe And Cleitophon, 3.20 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletes, athletics Found in books: Thonemann (2020) 160 |
114. Philostratus The Athenian, On Athletic Training, 27, 3, 45, 49-52, 25 (2nd cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Borg (2008) 210| 25. φυλὴ τῷδε καὶ πατρίς, εἰ πατὴρ καὶ γένος, εἰ ἐξ ἐλευθέρων καὶ μὴ νόθος, ἐπὶ πᾶσιν, εἰ νέος καὶ μὴ ὑπὲρ παῖδα: εἰ δ' ἐγκρατὴς ἢ ἀκρατής, εἰ μεθυστής, εἰ λίχνος, εἰ θαρσαλέος ἢ δειλός, ̔οὔτε γιγνώσκουσιν', οὔτε, εἰ γιγνώσκοιεν, οὐδὲν οἱ νόμοι σφίσιν ὑπὲρ τῶν τοιούτων διαλέγονται, τὸν δὲ γυμναστὴν ̔δεῖ̓ ἐξεπίστασθαι ταῦτα φύσεώς που κριτὴν ὄντα. γιγνωσκέτω δὴ τὴν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἠθικὴν πᾶσαν, ὑφ' ἧς δηλοῦνται μὲν οἱ νωθροὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, δηλοῦνται δὲ οἱ ξύντονοι εἴρωνές τε καὶ ἧττον καρτερικοὶ καὶ ἀκρατεῖς: ἄλλα γὰρ μελανοφθάλμων, ἄλλα δὲ χαροπῶν τε καὶ γλαυκῶν καὶ ὑφαίμων ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη, ἕτερα δὲ ξανθῶν καὶ ὑπεστιγμένων, προπαλῶν τε καὶ κοίλων, ἡ γὰρ φύσις ὥρας μὲν ἄστροις ἐσημήνατο, ἤθη δὲ ὀφθαλμοῖς τὴν δὲ αὖ τῶν σώματος ̔μερῶν ἀναλογίαν', ὥσπερ ἐν ἀγαλματοποιίᾳ, ὧδε ἐπισκεπτέον: σφυρὸν μὲν καρπῷ ὁμολογεῖν ̔δεῖ,̓ κνήμῃ δὲ πῆχυν, καὶ βραχίονα μηρῷ ἀντικρίνεσθαι καὶ ὤμῳ γλουτόν, μετάφρενα θεωρεῖσθαι πρὸς γαστέρα καὶ στέρνα ἐκκεῖσθαι παραπλησίως τοῖς ὑπὸ τὸ ἰσχίον, κεφαλήν τε, σχῆμα τοῦ παντὸς οὖσαν, πρὸς ταῦτα πάντα ἔχειν συμμέτρως. | |
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| 115. Galen, Commentary On Hippocrates' 'Prorrhetics', 2.1.4 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 260 |
| 116. Galen, On Semen, 8 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletes, athletics Found in books: Thonemann (2020) 173, 174 |
117. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1.44.1, 2.24.2, 3.8.1, 3.13.7, 5.6.7, 5.13.10, 5.14.2, 5.16, 5.21, 6.20.9, 8.47.3 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics •sparta, female athletics •femininity, athletics •biography, and greek athletics •athletes, athletics •athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 245, 257, 258, 259; Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 182; Thonemann (2020) 100, 171, 172| 1.44.1. Κοροίβου δὲ τέθαπται πλησίον Ὄρσιππος, ὃς περιεζωσμένων ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι κατὰ δὴ παλαιὸν ἔθος τῶν ἀθλητῶν Ὀλύμπια ἐνίκα στάδιον δραμὼν γυμνός, φασὶ δὲ καὶ στρατηγοῦντα ὕστερον τὸν Ὄρσιππον ἀποτεμέσθαι χώραν τῶν προσοίκων· δοκῶ δέ οἱ καὶ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τὸ περίζωμα ἑκόντι περιρρυῆναι, γνόντι ὡς ἀνδρὸς περιεζωσμένου δραμεῖν ῥᾴων ἐστὶν ἀνὴρ γυμνὸς. 2.24.2. τοῦ Δειραδιώτου δὲ Ἀπόλλωνος ἔχεται μὲν ἱερὸν Ἀθηνᾶς Ὀξυδερκοῦς καλουμένης, Διομήδους ἀνάθημα, ὅτι οἱ μαχομένῳ ποτὲ ἐν Ἰλίῳ τὴν ἀχλὺν ἀφεῖλεν ἡ θεὸς ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν· ἔχεται δὲ τὸ στάδιον, ἐν ᾧ τὸν ἀγῶνα τῷ Νεμείῳ Διὶ καὶ τὰ Ἡραῖα ἄγουσιν. ἐς δὲ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ἰοῦσίν ἐστιν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῶν Αἰγύπτου παίδων καὶ ταύτῃ μνῆμα. χωρὶς μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν σωμάτων ἐνταῦθα αἱ κεφαλαί, χωρὶς δὲ ἐν Λέρνῃ σώματα τὰ λοιπά· ἐν Λέρνῃ γὰρ καὶ ὁ φόνος ἐξειργάσθη τῶν νεανίσκων, ἀποθανόντων δὲ ἀποτέμνουσιν αἱ γυναῖκες τὰς κεφαλὰς ἀπόδειξιν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ὧν ἐτόλμησαν. 3.8.1. Ἀρχιδάμου δὲ ὡς ἐτελεύτα καταλιπόντος παῖδας Ἆγίς τε πρεσβύτερος ἦν ἡλικίᾳ καὶ παρέλαβεν ἀντὶ Ἀγησιλάου τὴν ἀρχήν. ἐγένετο δὲ Ἀρχιδάμῳ καὶ θυγάτηρ, ὄνομα μὲν Κυνίσκα, φιλοτιμότατα δὲ ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἔσχε τὸν Ὀλυμπικόν καὶ πρώτη τε ἱπποτρόφησε γυναικῶν καὶ νίκην ἀνείλετο Ὀλυμπικὴν πρώτη. Κυνίσκας δὲ ὕστερον γυναιξὶ καὶ ἄλλαις καὶ μάλιστα ταῖς ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος γεγόνασιν Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι, ὧν ἡ ἐπιφανεστέρα ἐς τὰς νίκας οὐδεμία ἐστὶν αὐτῆς. 3.13.7. ἀπαντικρὺ δὲ ἥ τε ὀνομαζομένη Κολώνα καὶ Διονύσου Κολωνάτα ναός, πρὸς αὐτῷ δὲ τέμενός ἐστιν ἥρωος, ὃν τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς ἐς Σπάρτην Διονύσῳ φασὶ γενέσθαι ἡγεμόνα· τῷ δὲ ἥρωι τούτῳ πρὶν ἢ τῷ θεῷ θύουσιν αἱ Διονυσιάδες καὶ αἱ Λευκιππίδες. τὰς δὲ ἄλλας ἕνδεκα ἃς καὶ αὐτὰς Διονυσιάδας ὀνομάζουσι, ταύταις δρόμου προτιθέασιν ἀγῶνα· 5.6.7. κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ὁδόν, πρὶν ἢ διαβῆναι τὸν Ἀλφειόν, ἔστιν ὄρος ἐκ Σκιλλοῦντος ἐρχομένῳ πέτραις ὑψηλαῖς ἀπότομον· ὀνομάζεται δὲ Τυπαῖον τὸ ὄρος. κατὰ τούτου τὰς γυναῖκας Ἠλείοις ἐστὶν ὠθεῖν νόμος, ἢν φωραθῶσιν ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐλθοῦσαι τὸν Ὀλυμπικὸν ἢ καὶ ὅλως ἐν ταῖς ἀπειρημέναις σφίσιν ἡμέραις διαβᾶσαι τὸν Ἀλφειόν. οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ἁλῶναι λέγουσιν οὐδεμίαν, ὅτι μὴ Καλλιπάτειραν μόνην· εἰσὶ δὲ οἳ τὴν αὐτὴν ταύτην Φερενίκην καὶ οὐ Καλλιπάτειραν καλοῦσιν. 5.13.10. ἀναβασμοὶ δὲ ἐς μὲν τὴν πρόθυσιν ἀνάγουσιν ἐξ ἑκατέρας τῆς πλευρᾶς λίθου πεποιημένοι· τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς προθύσεως ἐς τὸ ἄνω τοῦ βωμοῦ τέφρας παρέχεται καὶ ἀναβασμούς. ἄχρι μὲν δὴ τῆς προθύσεως ἔστιν ἀναβῆναι καὶ παρθένοις καὶ ὡσαύτως γυναιξίν, ἐπειδὰν τῆς Ὀλυμπίας μὴ ἐξείργωνται· ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ ἐς τὸ ἀνωτάτω τοῦ βωμοῦ μόνοις ἔστιν ἀνδράσιν ἀνελθεῖν. θύεται δὲ τῷ Διὶ καὶ ἄνευ τῆς πανηγύρεως ὑπό τε ἰδιωτῶν καὶ ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ὑπὸ Ἠλείων. 5.14.2. τῆς δὲ λεύκης μόνης τοῖς ξύλοις ἐς τοῦ Διὸς τὰς θυσίας καὶ ἀπʼ οὐδενὸς δένδρου τῶν ἄλλων οἱ Ἠλεῖοι χρῆσθαι νομίζουσι, κατʼ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδὲν προτιμῶντες ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τὴν λεύκην, ὅτι δὲ Ἡρακλῆς ἐκόμισεν αὐτὴν ἐς Ἕλληνας ἐκ τῆς Θεσπρωτίδος χώρας. καί μοι καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Ἡρακλῆς ἐφαίνετο, ἡνίκα τῷ Διὶ ἔθυεν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ, τῶν ἱερείων τὰ μηρία ἐπὶ λεύκης καῦσαι ξύλων· τὴν δὲ λεύκην ὁ Ἡρακλῆς πεφυκυῖαν παρὰ τὸν Ἀχέροντα εὗρε τὸν ἐν Θεσπρωτίᾳ ποταμόν, καὶ τοῦδε ἕνεκά φασιν αὐτὴν Ἀχερωίδα ὑπὸ Ὁμήρου καλεῖσθαι. 6.20.9. ἐπὶ τούτου καθεζομένη τοῦ βωμοῦ θεᾶται γυνὴ τὰ Ὀλύμπια, ἱέρεια Δήμητρος Χαμύνης, τιμὴν ταύτη ν ἄλλοτε ἄλλη ν λαμβάνουσα παρὰ Ἠλείων. παρθένους δὲ οὐκ εἴργουσι θεᾶσθαι. πρὸς δὲ τοῦ σταδίου τῷ πέρατι, ᾗ τοῖς σταδιαδρόμοις ἄφεσις πεποίηται, Ἐνδυμίωνος μνῆμα ἐνταῦθα λόγῳ Ἠλείων ἐστίν. 8.47.3. ταύτης μὲν δὴ ποιησόμεθα καὶ ὕστερον μνήμην· ἱερᾶται δὲ τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ παῖς χρόνον οὐκ οἶδα ὅσον τινά, πρὶν δὲ ἡβάσκειν καὶ οὐ πρόσω, τὴν ἱερωσύνην. τῇ θεῷ δὲ ποιηθῆναι τὸν βωμὸν ὑπὸ Μελάμποδος τοῦ Ἀμυθάονος λέγουσιν· εἰργασμέναι δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ βωμῷ Ῥέα μὲν καὶ Οἰνόη νύμφη παῖδα ἔτι νήπιον Δία ἔχουσιν, ἑκατέρωθεν δέ εἰσι τέσσαρες ἀριθμόν, Γλαύκη καὶ Νέδα καὶ Θεισόα καὶ Ἀνθρακία, τῇ δὲ Ἴδη καὶ Ἁγνὼ καὶ Ἀλκινόη τε καὶ Φρίξα. πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Μουσῶν καὶ Μνημοσύνης ἀγάλματα. | 1.44.1. Near Coroebus is buried Orsippus who won the footrace at Olympia by running naked when all his competitors wore girdles according to ancient custom. 720 B.C. They say also that Orsippus when general afterwards annexed some of the neighboring territory. My own opinion is that at Olympia he intentionally let the girdle slip off him, realizing that a naked man can run more easily than one girt. 2.24.2. Adjoining the temple of Apollo Deiradiotes is a sanctuary of Athena Oxyderces (Sharp-sighted), dedicated by Diomedes, because once when he was fighting at Troy the goddess removed the mist from his eyes. Adjoining it is the race-course, in which they hold the games in honor of Nemean Zeus and the festival of Hera. As you go to the citadel there is on the left of the road another tomb of the children of Aegyptus . For here are the heads apart from the bodies, which are at Lerna . For it was at Lerna that the youths were murdered, and when they were dead their wives cut off their heads, to prove to their father that they had done the dreadful deed. 3.8.1. Archidamus left sons when he died, of whom Agis was the elder and inherited the throne instead of Agesilaus. Archidamus had also a daughter, whose name was Cynisca; she was exceedingly ambitious to succeed at the Olympic games, and was the first woman to breed horses and the first to win an Olympic victory. After Cynisca other women, especially women of Lacedaemon , have won Olympic victories, but none of them was more distinguished for their victories than she. 3.13.7. Opposite is what is called the Knoll, with a temple of Dionysus of the Knoll, by which is a precinct of the hero who they say guided Dionysus on the way to Sparta . To this hero sacrifices are offered before they are offered to the god by the daughters of Dionysus and the daughters of Leucippus. For the other eleven ladies who are named daughters of Dionysus there is held a footrace; this custom came to Sparta from Delphi . 5.6.7. As you go from Scillus along the road to Olympia , before you cross the Alpheius,there is a mountain with high, precipitous cliffs. It is called Mount Typaeum. It is a law of Elis to cast down it any women who are caught present at the Olympic games, or even on the other side of the Alpheius, on the days prohibited to women. However, they say that no woman has been caught, except Callipateira only; some, however, give the lady the name of Pherenice and not Callipateira. 5.13.10. The steps that lead up to the prothysis from either side are made of stone, but those leading from the prothysis to the upper part of the altar are, like the altar itself, composed of ashes. The ascent to the prothysis may be made by maidens, and likewise by women, when they are not shut out from Olympia , but men only can ascend from the prothysis to the highest part of the altar. Even when the festival is not being held, sacrifice is offered to Zeus by private individuals and daily It is possible that ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἠμέραν must be understood in the first clause from the second; “daily by individuals and by the Eleans.” by the Eleans. 5.14.2. The Eleans are wont to use for the sacrifices to Zeus the wood of the white poplar and of no other tree, preferring the white poplar, I think, simply and solely because Heracles brought it into Greece from Thesprotia . And it is my opinion that when Heracles sacrificed to Zeus at Olympia he himself burned the thigh bones of the victims upon wood of the white poplar. Heracles found the white poplar growing on the banks of the Acheron , the river in Thesprotia , and for this reason Homer Hom. Il. 13.389 , and Hom. Il. 16.482 . calls it “Acheroid.” 6.20.9. seated on this altar a woman looks on at the Olympic games, the priestess of Demeter Chamyne, which office the Eleans bestow from time to time on different women. Maidens are not debarred from looking on at the games. At the end of the stadium, where is the starting-place for the runners, there is, the Eleans say, the tomb of Endymion. 8.47.3. of Marpessa I shall make mention later. See Paus. 8.48.5 . The priest of Athena is a boy; I do not know how long his priesthood lasts, but it must be before, and not after, puberty. The altar for the goddess was made, they say, by Melampus, the son of Amythaon. Represented on the altar are Rhea and the nymph Oenoe holding the baby Zeus. On either side are four figures: on one, Glauce, Neda, Theisoa and Anthracia; on the other Ide, Hagno, Alcinoe and Phrixa . There are also images of the Muses and of Memory. |
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| 118. Lucian, Athletics, 31-33 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Borg (2008) 262 |
| 119. Menander of Laodicea, Rhet., 361.5, 420.20 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Borg (2008) 208, 214 |
| 120. Lactantius, Deaths of The Persecutors, 1.50.6, 2.14.9, 40.11.3, 41.9.9 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 602 |
121. Diogenes Laertius, Lives of The Philosophers, 7.91, 7.110, 10.144 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics/training •athletics, Found in books: Wilson (2010) 103; Wilson (2022) 56, 95 | 7.91. These are called non-intellectual, because they do not require the mind's assent; they supervene and they occur even in bad men: for instance, health, courage. The proof, says Posidonius in the first book of his treatise on Ethics, that virtue really exists is the fact that Socrates, Diogenes, and Antisthenes and their followers made moral progress. And for the existence of vice as a fundamental fact the proof is that it is the opposite of virtue. That it, virtue, can be taught is laid down by Chrysippus in the first book of his work On the End, by Cleanthes, by Posidonius in his Protreptica, and by Hecato; that it can be taught is clear from the case of bad men becoming good. 7.110. And in things intermediate also there are duties; as that boys should obey the attendants who have charge of them.According to the Stoics there is an eight-fold division of the soul: the five senses, the faculty of speech, the intellectual faculty, which is the mind itself, and the generative faculty, being all parts of the soul. Now from falsehood there results perversion, which extends to the mind; and from this perversion arise many passions or emotions, which are causes of instability. Passion, or emotion, is defined by Zeno as an irrational and unnatural movement in the soul, or again as impulse in excess.The main, or most universal, emotions, according to Hecato in his treatise On the Passions, book ii., and Zeno in his treatise with the same title, constitute four great classes, grief, fear, desire or craving, pleasure. 10.144. Nature's wealth at once has its bounds and is easy to procure; but the wealth of vain fancies recedes to an infinite distance.Fortune but seldom interferes with the wise man; his greatest and highest interests have been, are, and will be, directed by reason throughout the course of his life.The just man enjoys the greatest peace of mind, while the unjust is full of the utmost disquietude.Pleasure in the flesh admits no increase when once the pain of want has been removed; after that it only admits of variation. The limit of pleasure in the mind, however, is reached when we reflect on the things themselves and their congeners which cause the mind the greatest alarms. |
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122. Babylonian Talmud, Rosh Hashanah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 603| 18b. דאמר רב חנא בר ביזנא אמר ר"ש חסידא מאי דכתיב (זכריה ח, יט) כה אמר ה' צבאות צום הרביעי וצום החמישי וצום השביעי וצום העשירי יהיה לבית יהודה לששון ולשמחה קרי להו צום וקרי להו ששון ושמחה בזמן שיש שלום יהיו לששון ולשמחה אין שלום צום,אמר רב פפא הכי קאמר בזמן שיש שלום יהיו לששון ולשמחה יש גזרת המלכות צום אין גזרת המלכות ואין שלום רצו מתענין רצו אין מתענין,אי הכי ט"ב נמי אמר רב פפא שאני ט' באב הואיל והוכפלו בו צרות דאמר מר בט' באב חרב הבית בראשונה ובשניה ונלכדה ביתר ונחרשה העיר,תניא אמר ר"ש ארבעה דברים היה ר"ע דורש ואני אין דורש כמותו צום הרביעי זה ט' בתמוז שבו הובקעה העיר שנאמר (ירמיהו נב, ו) (ברביעי) בתשעה לחדש ויחזק הרעב בעיר ולא היה לחם לעם הארץ ותבקע העיר ואמאי קרי ליה רביעי רביעי לחדשים,צום החמישי זה תשעה באב שבו נשרף בית אלהינו ואמאי קרי ליה חמישי חמישי לחדשים צום השביעי זה ג' בתשרי שבו נהרג גדליה בן אחיקם ומי הרגו ישמעאל בן נתניה הרגו ללמדך ששקולה מיתתן של צדיקים כשריפת בית אלהינו ואמאי קרי ליה שביעי שביעי לחדשים,צום העשירי זה עשרה בטבת שבו סמך מלך בבל על ירושלים שנאמר (יחזקאל כד, א) ויהי דבר ה' אלי בשנה התשיעית בחדש העשירי בעשור לחדש לאמר בן אדם כתב לך את שם היום את עצם היום הזה סמך מלך בבל אל ירושלם ואמאי קרי ליה עשירי עשירי לחדשים והלא היה ראוי זה לכתוב ראשון ולמה נכתב כאן כדי להסדיר חדשים כתיקנן,ואני איני אומר כן אלא צום העשירי זה חמשה בטבת שבו באת שמועה לגולה שהוכתה העיר שנאמר (יחזקאל לג, כא) ויהי בשתי עשרה שנה בעשירי בחמשה לחדש לגלותנו בא אלי הפליט מירושלם לאמר הוכתה העיר ועשו יום שמועה כיום שריפה,ונראין דברי מדבריו שאני אומר על ראשון ראשון ועל אחרון אחרון והוא אומר על ראשון אחרון ועל אחרון ראשון אלא שהוא מונה לסדר חדשים ואני מונה לסדר פורעניות,איתמר רב ורבי חנינא אמרי בטלה מגילת תענית רבי יוחנן וריב"ל אמרי לא בטלה מגילת תענית,רב ורבי חנינא אמרי בטלה מגילת תענית הכי קאמר בזמן שיש שלום יהיו לששון ולשמחה אין שלום צום והנך נמי כי הני,רבי יוחנן ורבי יהושע בן לוי אמרי לא בטלה מגילת תענית הני הוא דתלינהו רחמנא בבנין בהמ"ק אבל הנך כדקיימי קיימי,מתיב רב כהנא מעשה וגזרו תענית בחנוכה בלוד וירד ר"א ורחץ ורבי יהושע וסיפר ואמרו להם צאו והתענו על מה שהתעניתם,א"ר יוסף שאני חנוכה דאיכא מצוה א"ל אביי ותיבטיל איהי ותיבטל מצותה,אלא אמר רב יוסף שאני חנוכה דמיפרסם ניסא,מותיב רב אחא בר הונא בתלתא בתשרי בטילת אדכרתא מן שטרייא שגזרה מלכות יון גזרה שלא להזכיר שם שמים על פיהם וכשגברה מלכות חשמונאי ונצחום התקינו שיהו מזכירין שם שמים אפילו בשטרות וכך היו כותבים בשנת כך וכך ליוחנן כהן גדול לאל עליון,וכששמעו חכמים בדבר אמרו למחר זה פורע את חובו ונמצא שטר מוטל באשפה וביטלום ואותו היום עשאוהו יו"ט ואי סלקא דעתך בטלה מגילת תענית קמייתא בטול אחרנייתא מוסיפין,הכא במאי עסקינן בזמן שבית המקדש קיים | 18b. b As Rav Ḥana bar Bizna said /b that b Rabbi Shimon Ḥasida said: What is /b the meaning of that b which is written: “Thus said the Lord of hosts: The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall become times of joy and gladness, /b and cheerful seasons, b to the house of Judah” /b (Zechariah 8:19). b It calls them /b days of b “fast” and it calls them /b “times of b joy and gladness.” /b How so? b When there is peace /b in the world, b they will be /b times of b joy and gladness, /b on which eulogies and fasting are forbidden; but when b there is no peace, /b they are days of b fasting. /b In a time when there is no peace, why are messengers not sent out also for the fourth and tenth months, so that people can know when to observe the fasts?, b Rav Pappa said /b that b this is what it is saying: When there is peace /b in the world and the Temple is standing, these days b will be /b times of b joy and gladness; /b when b there is persecution /b and troubles for the Jewish people, they are days of b fasting; /b and when b there is no persecution but /b still b no peace, /b neither particular troubles nor consolation for Israel, the i halakha /i is as follows: If people b wish, they fast, /b and if b they wish, they do not fast. /b Since there is no absolute obligation to fast, messengers are not sent out for these months.,The Gemara asks: b If so, the Ninth of Av /b should b also /b be like the other fast days, that sometimes it is observed and sometimes not, depending upon the wishes of the community at the time. Why does the mishna state that messengers go out for the month of Av? b Rav Pappa said: The Ninth of Av is different, since the calamities /b that occurred on that day b were multiplied. As the Master said: On the Ninth of Av the Temple was destroyed, /b both b the first /b one b and the second /b one; on this day the city of b Beitar was captured; /b and on this day b the city /b of Jerusalem b was plowed /b over by the enemies of the Jewish people, as a sign that it would never be rebuilt. Consequently, the fast of the Ninth of Av is obligatory, and not optional like the other fasts. Messengers are consequently sent out so that people will know when to fast.,§ The Sages disagreed about the fasts alluded to in the words of the prophet, as b it is taught /b in a i baraita /i . b Rabbi Shimon said: Rabbi Akiva would expound four verses, but I would not expound /b the texts b as he did. /b One of the disputes relates to the fasts mentioned by Zechariah. Rabbi Akiva would expound the verse as follows: b “The fast of the fourth,” this is the ninth of Tammuz, on which the city /b of Jerusalem b was breached, as it is stated: “And in the fourth month, on the ninth day of the month, the famine was severe in the city, so that there was no bread for the people of the land. Then the city was breached” /b (Jeremiah 52:6–7). b And why does /b the prophet b call it /b the fast of the b fourth? /b Because it is in Tammuz, b the fourth of the months /b when counting from Nisan., b “The fast of the fifth,” this is the Ninth of Av, on which the Temple of our Lord was burnt. And why does he call it /b the fast of the b fifth? /b Because it falls in the b fifth of the months. “The fast of the seventh,” this is the third of Tishrei, on which Gedaliah, son of Ahikam, was killed. And who killed him? Ishmael, son of Nethaniah, killed him /b (see II Kings 25:25; Jeremiah, chapter 41). The Sages established a fast to commemorate Gedaliah’s death b to teach you that the death of the righteous is equivalent to the burning of the Temple of our Lord. And why did /b the prophet b call it /b the fast of the b seventh? /b Because Tishrei is the b seventh of the months. /b , b “The fast of the tenth,” This is the tenth of Tevet, on which the king of Babylonia laid siege to Jerusalem, as it is stated: “And in the ninth year, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me, saying: Son of man, write the name of the day, of this same day: The king of Babylonia has laid siege to Jerusalem on this very day” /b (Ezekiel 24:1–2). b And why did he call it /b the fast of the b tenth? /b Because it is in Tevet, which is b the tenth of the months. Wouldn’t it have been fitting to write /b this fast b first, /b as the series of events began with the laying of the siege. b Why was /b it b written here /b at the end of the list? This was done b in order to list the months in /b their b proper /b order, as the prophet began with the fourth month and ended with the tenth month. This is the statement of Rabbi Akiva.,Rabbi Shimon disagreed and said: b I do not say this, but rather /b I expound the verse as follows: b “The fast of the tenth,” this is the fifth of Tevet, on which the report reached the Diaspora that the city had been smitten, as it is stated: “And it came to pass in the twelfth year of our exile, in the tenth month, on the fifth day of the month, that one that had escaped out of Jerusalem came to me, saying: The city is smitten” /b (Ezekiel 33:21); b and they made the day of the report /b of the destruction b like the day of the /b actual b burning /b and decreed a fast on that day.,And Rabbi Shimon added: b And my statement seems /b more convincing b than his statement, as I say about the first /b fast mentioned by the prophet that it marks the event that took place b first, and about the last /b fast that it marks the event that took place b last. /b According to Rabbi Shimon, the fasts are listed in accordance with the chronological order of the events. b But he, /b Rabbi Akiva, b says about the first /b fast mentioned by the prophet that it marks the event that took place b last, and about the last /b fast mentioned that it marks the event that took place b first, only that he lists /b the fasts b in the order of the months, whereas I list /b them also b in the order of the calamities /b that they mark.,§ b It was stated /b that the Sages disagreed about the following matter: b Rav and Rabbi Ḥanina /b both b say: i Megillat Ta’anit /i , /b a listing of days on which fasting and eulogizing are forbidden, b has been nullified, /b as in the present period of exile there is no reason to celebrate the joyous events that these days commemorate. b Rabbi Yoḥa and Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi say: i Megillat Ta’anit /i has not been nullified. /b ,The Gemara explains: b Rav and Rabbi Ḥanina say /b that b i Megillat Ta’anit /i has been nullified. This is what /b the prophet b is saying: At a time when there is peace /b in the world, the dates listed b will be /b times of b joy and gladness, /b on which eulogies and fasting are forbidden; but when b there is no peace, /b they are days of b fasting. And those /b days mentioned in i Megillat Ta’anit /i b are also like these /b days of fasting, that is to say, the days of joy listed in i Megillat Ta’anit /i are also nullified when there is no peace., b Rabbi Yoḥa and Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi say /b that b i Megillat Ta’anit /i has not been nullified, /b and they reason as follows: b It was those /b fast days mentioned in the Bible b that the Merciful One makes contingent on the building of the Temple, but these /b festive days listed in i Megillat Ta’anit /i b remain as they were /b and have not been nullified., b Rav Kahana raised an objection /b against Rav and Rabbi Ḥanina from a i baraita /i : b There was an incident and /b the Sages b decreed a fast on Hanukkah in Lod, and Rabbi Eliezer went down /b on that day b and bathed /b in the bathhouse b and Rabbi Yehoshua went down and cut /b his hair to show that they did not accept the fast. Furthermore, these two Sages b said to /b the others: b Go out and fast /b another fast as an act of penitence b for what you have /b already b fasted, /b as the days of Hanukkah are days of joy, on which fasting is forbidden. Hanukkah is one of the Festivals listed in i Megillat Ta’anit /i . Even after the destruction of the Temple Hanukkah is celebrated, demonstrating that i Megillat Ta’anit /i has not been nullified., b Rav Yosef said: Hanukkah is different, as there is the mitzva /b of lighting candles, and so, unlike the other days listed in i Megillat Ta’anit /i , the festival of Hanukkah was not nullified. b Abaye said to him: /b What is this argument? b Let /b Hanukkah b itself be nullified, and let its mitzva /b of lighting candles b be nullified /b with it., b Rather, Rav Yosef /b retracted his previous explanation and b said: Hanukkah is different, as its miracle is well known, /b and it has become so widely accepted by all the Jewish people that it would be inappropriate to nullify it., b Rav Aḥa bar Huna raised an objection: /b It is stated in i Megillat Ta’anit /i : b On the third of Tishrei the /b ordice requiring the b mention /b of God’s name b in /b legal b documents was abolished, /b and on that day fasting is forbidden. b For the kingdom of Greece had issued a decree /b against the Jews b forbidding them to mention the name of Heaven on their lips. When the Hasmonean kingdom became strong and defeated /b the Greeks, b they instituted that people should mention the name of Heaven even in their /b legal b documents. And therefore they would write: In year such and such of Yoḥa the High Priest of the God Most High. /b , b And when the Sages heard about this they said: Tomorrow this one, /b the borrower, b will repay his debt, /b the lender will no longer need to save the loan document, b the document will be cast on a dunghill, /b and the name of Heaven written there will come to disgrace. b And /b so b they annulled /b the ordice to mention God’s name in documents, b and they made that day into a Festival. And if it enters your mind /b to say that b i Megillat Ta’anit /i has been nullified, /b can you say that b the first /b prohibitions against fasting b they annulled, and /b then b later /b ones b were added? /b ,The Gemara answers: b With what are we dealing here? /b This is referring to a time b when the Temple was standing /b and all the days listed in i Megillat Ta’anit /i were in force. From time to time new days of commemoration were added. When the i amora’im /i stated that i Megillat Ta’anit /i was nullified they were referring to the time after the destruction of the Temple. |
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123. Babylonian Talmud, Moed Qatan, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 389| 27b. בכליכה והיו עניים מתביישין התקינו שיהו הכל מוציאין בכליכה מפני כבודן של עניים,בראשונה היו מניחין את המוגמר תחת חולי מעים מתים והיו חולי מעים חיים מתביישין התקינו שיהו מניחין תחת הכל מפני כבודן של חולי מעים חיים,בראשונה היו מטבילין את הכלים על גבי נדות מתות והיו נדות חיות מתביישות התקינו שיהו מטבילין על גבי כל הנשים מפני כבודן של נדות חיות בראשונה מטבילין על גבי זבין מתים והיו זבין חיים מתביישין התקינו שיהו מטבילין על גב הכל מפני כבודן של זבין חיים,בראשונה היתה הוצאת המת קשה לקרוביו יותר ממיתתו עד שהיו קרוביו מניחין אותו ובורחין עד שבא רבן גמליאל ונהג קלות ראש בעצמו ויצא בכלי פשתן ונהגו העם אחריו לצאת בכלי פשתן אמר רב פפא והאידנא נהוג עלמא אפילו בצרדא בר זוזא:,אין מניחין את המטה ברחוב: אמר רב פפא אין מועד בפני תלמיד חכם וכל שכן חנוכה ופורים,והני מילי בפניו אבל שלא בפניו לא איני והא רב כהנא ספדיה לרב זביד מנהרדעא בפום נהרא אמר רב פפי יום שמועה הוה וכבפניו דמי,אמר עולא הספד על לב דכתיב (ישעיהו לב, יב) על שדים סופדים טיפוח ביד קילוס ברגל,תנו רבנן המקלס לא יקלס בסנדל אלא במנעל מפני הסכנה,אמר רבי יוחנן אבל כיון שניענע ראשו שוב אין מנחמין רשאין לישב אצלו,ואמר רבי יוחנן הכל חייבין לעמוד מפני נשיא חוץ מאבל וחולה ואמר ר' יוחנן לכל אומרים להם שבו חוץ מאבל וחולה,אמר רב יהודה אמר רב אבל יום ראשון אסור לאכול לחם משלו מדאמר ליה רחמנא ליחזקאל (יחזקאל כד, יז) ולחם אנשים לא תאכל רבה ורב יוסף מחלפי סעודתייהו להדדי,ואמר רב יהודה אמר רב מת בעיר כל בני העיר אסורין בעשיית מלאכה,רב המנונא איקלע לדרומתא שמע קול שיפורא דשכבא חזא הנך אינשי דקא עבדי עבידתא אמר להו ליהוו הנך אינשי בשמתא לא שכבא איכא במתא אמרו ליה חבורתא איכא במתא אמר להו אי הכי שריא לכו,ואמר רב יהודה אמר רב כל המתקשה על מתו יותר מדאי על מת אחר הוא בוכה ההיא איתתא דהות בשיבבותיה דרב הונא הוו לה שבעה בני מת חד מינייהו הוות קא בכיא ביתירתא עליה שלח לה רב הונא לא תעבדי הכי לא אשגחה ביה שלח לה אי צייתת מוטב ואי לא צבית זוודתא לאידך מית ומיתו כולהו לסוף אמר לה תימוש זוודתא לנפשיך ומיתא,(ירמיהו כב, י) אל תבכו למת ואל תנודו לו אל תבכו למת יותר מדאי ואל תנודו לו יותר מכשיעור הא כיצד שלשה ימים לבכי ושבעה להספד ושלשים לגיהוץ ולתספורת מכאן ואילך אמר הקדוש ברוך הוא אי אתם רחמנים בו יותר ממני,(ירמיהו כב, י) בכו בכו להולך אמר רב יהודה להולך בלא בנים רבי יהושע בן לוי לא אזל לבי אבלא אלא למאן דאזיל בלא בני דכתיב בכו בכו להולך כי לא ישוב עוד וראה את ארץ מולדתו רב הונא אמר זה שעבר עבירה ושנה בה,רב הונא לטעמיה דאמר רב הונא כיון שעבר אדם עבירה ושנה בה הותרה לו הותרה לו סלקא דעתך אלא אימא נעשית לו כהיתר,אמר רבי לוי אבל שלשה ימים הראשונים יראה את עצמו כאילו חרב מונחת לו בין שתי (יריכותיו) משלשה עד שבעה כאילו מונחת לו כנגדו בקרן זוית מכאן ואילך כאילו עוברת כנגדו בשוק:,ולא של נשים לעולם מפני הכבוד: אמרי נהרדעי לא שנו | 27b. b on a plain bier /b made from poles that were strapped together, b and the poor were embarrassed. /b The Sages b instituted that everyone should be taken out /b for burial b on a plain bier, due to the honor of the poor. /b ,Similarly, b at first they would place incense under /b the beds of b those who died with an intestinal disease, /b because the body emitted an especially unpleasant odor. b And those who were alive with an intestinal disease were embarrassed /b when they understood that they, too, would be treated in this manner after their death, and that everyone would know the cause of their death. The Sages b instituted that incense should be placed under everyone, due to the honor of those with an intestinal disease who were /b still b living. /b ,Moreover, b at first they would /b ritually b immerse /b all b the utensils /b that had been used b by /b women who b died /b while b menstruating, /b which had thereby contracted ritual impurity. b And /b due to this, b the living menstruating women were embarrassed. /b The Sages b instituted that /b the utensils that had been used b by all /b dying b women must be immersed, due to the honor of living menstruating women. /b And, b at first they would /b ritually b immerse /b all b the utensils /b that had been used by b i zavin /i , /b men suffering from gonorrhea, b who died, /b as the utensils had thereby contracted ritual impurity. b And /b due to this b the living i zavin /i felt embarrassed. /b The Sages b instituted that /b the utensils that had been used b by all /b men b must be immersed, due to the honor of the living i zavin /i . /b ,Likewise, b at first taking the dead out /b for burial b was more difficult for the relatives than the /b actual b death, /b because it was customary to bury the dead in expensive shrouds, which the poor could not afford. The problem grew b to the point that relatives would /b sometimes b abandon /b the corpse b and run away. /b This lasted b until Rabban Gamliel came and acted /b with b frivolity, /b meaning that he waived his dignity, by leaving instructions that he be b taken out /b for burial b in linen garments. And the people /b adopted this b practice after him /b and had themselves b taken out /b for burial b in linen garments. Rav Pappa said: And nowadays, everyone follows the practice /b of taking out the dead for burial b even in /b plain b hemp garments [ i tzerada /i ] /b that cost only b a dinar. /b ,It is taught in the mishna: b The bier /b of the deceased b is not set down in the street /b during the intermediate days of a Festival, b so as not to encourage eulogies. Rav Pappa said: /b There are b no /b restrictions on eulogizing on the intermediate days of b a Festival in the presence /b of a deceased b Torah scholar, /b and therefore he may be eulogized in the ordinary manner during the Festival week. b And all the more so /b a Torah scholar may be eulogized on the days of b Hanukkah and Purim, /b which have less sanctity than the intermediate days of a Festival.,The Gemara comments: b But this /b allowance to eulogize a Torah scholar during the intermediate days of a Festival b applies only /b when the eulogy is b in /b the b presence /b of the deceased, before the bier. b However, /b giving a eulogy that is b not in his presence /b is b not /b permitted. The Gemara asks: b Is that so? But didn’t Rav Kahana eulogize Rav Zevid from Neharde’a in /b his city b Pum Nahara /b during the intermediate days of a Festival? b Rav Pappa said: It was the day /b on which Rav Kahana received the b news /b of Rav Zevid’s death, b and /b a eulogy in such a situation b is considered as /b if it is b in his presence. /b ,The Gemara continues its discussion of the i halakhot /i of mourning: b Ulla said: /b Although i hesped /i usually refers to a eulogy, strictly speaking, b i hesped /i /b is referring to striking oneself b on the heart, as it is written: “Striking [ i sofedim /i ] the breasts” /b (Isaiah 32:12). The term b i tipuaḥ /i /b is referring to striking b with /b one b hand /b against the other hand, i.e., clapping. The term b i killus /i /b is referring to stomping b with /b one’s b foot /b on the ground., b The Sages taught /b a i baraita /i : b One who stomps his foot on the ground /b as a sign of mourning b should not stomp with a sandal, but rather /b he should do so wearing b a shoe, due to the danger /b of being hurt. Because a sandal is easily torn, it is possible that something sharp on the ground will puncture his foot, or that he will suffer some other injury., b Rabbi Yoḥa said: Once a mourner nods his head /b to show that his grief has slightly diminished, b the consolers may no longer sit next to him, /b as with his action the mourner shows that he no longer desires their presence., b Rabbi Yoḥa further said: All are obligated to stand /b in the b presence of the i Nasi /i , except for a mourner and one who is sick. Rabbi Yoḥa said: To all /b who stand before a great person b one says: Be seated, /b and only then may they sit down, b except for a mourner and one who is sick. /b If they stood up they do not need permission to sit down, but rather they may do so if they wish., b Rav Yehuda said in the name of Rav: A mourner /b on the b first day /b of his mourning b is prohibited from eating of his own bread. /b From where is this derived? b From /b what b the Merciful One says to Ezekiel /b when the latter is in mourning: b “Nor eat the bread of men” /b (Ezekiel 24:17), which indicates that other mourners must eat bread made by others. It was related that when b Rabba and Rav Yosef /b were in mourning they b would exchange their meals with each other. /b , b And Rav Yehuda said in the name of Rav: /b When a person b dies in a city, all of the residents of that city are prohibited from performing work /b until he has been buried.,The Gemara relates that when b Rav Hamnuna /b once b happened /b to come to a place called b Darumata he heard the sound of a i shofar /i /b announcing that a person b had died /b in the town. When b he saw some people doing work he said to them: Let these people be under an excommunication. Is there not a dead /b person b in town? They said to him: There are /b separate b groups in the town, /b each one responsible for its own dead. Knowing that the deceased was not from our group, we continued our work. b He said to them: If so, it is permitted /b to you, and he revoked his excommunication., b And Rav Yehuda said further in the name of Rav: Anyone who grieves excessively over his dead /b and does not allow himself to be consoled b will /b in the end b weep for another /b person. The Gemara relates that b a certain woman /b who lived b in the neighborhood of Rav Huna had seven sons. One of them died and she wept for him excessively. Rav Huna sent /b a message b to her: Do not do this. /b But b she took no heed of him. He /b then b sent /b another message b to her: If you listen to me, it is well, but if not, prepare shrouds for another death. /b But she would not listen b and they all died. In the end, /b when she continued with her excessive mourning, b he said to her: /b Since you are acting in this way, b prepare shrouds for yourself, and /b soon thereafter b she died. /b ,The Sages taught in a i baraita /i with regard to the verse that states: b “Weep not for the dead, neither bemoan him” /b (Jeremiah 22:10): b “Weep not for the dead” /b is referring to b excessive /b mourning; b “neither bemoan him” more than the /b appropriate b measure /b of time. b How so? /b What is the appropriate measure? b Three days for weeping, and seven for eulogizing, and thirty for /b the prohibition against b ironing /b clothing b and for /b the prohibition against b cutting hair. From this /b point b forward the Holy One, Blessed be He, says: Do not be more merciful with /b the deceased b than I am. /b If the Torah commands one to mourn for a certain period of time, then that suffices.,It is stated in the continuation of the verse: b “Weep sore for him that goes away.” Rav Yehuda said: /b This is referring b to one who leaves /b the world b without children /b to survive him, since mourning for him is much more intense. It was related that b Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi /b would b go to a house of mourning only for one who passed away without children, as it is written: “Weep sore for him that goes away; for he shall return [ i yashuv /i ] no more, nor see his native land” /b (Jeremiah 22:10). b Rav Huna /b disagreed with the interpretation of the verse and b said: /b “Him that goes” b is /b one b who committed a transgression and /b then b repeated it, /b i.e., one who sins constantly and does not repent [ i yashav /i ], and therefore loses his portion in the World-to-Come, his “native land.”,The Gemara notes that b Rav Huna /b conforms b to his /b standard line of b reasoning, /b as b Rav Huna said: Once a person commits a transgression and repeats it, it becomes permitted to him. /b The Gemara questions the wording used here: b Does it enter your mind /b that it is actually b permitted? /b How could it possibly be permitted for him to sin? b Rather, say /b instead: b It becomes as though it were permitted, /b for after doing it twice he no longer relates to his action as the violation of a serious prohibition., b Rabbi Levi said: A mourner /b during b the first three days /b of his mourning b should see himself as though a sword were lying between his two thighs, /b meaning that he too may be facing imminent death. During this period he should live in dread. b From the third to the seventh /b days he should conduct himself b as if /b the sword b were lying opposite him in the corner, /b but still threatening him. b From this /b point b forward it is as if /b the sword b was moving before him in the marketplace, /b and the fear is not as great.,§ The mishna teaches: b And /b the biers b of women /b are b never /b set down, b due to /b their b honor. /b The Sages of b Neharde’a say: They only taught /b thi |
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| 124. Didymus, In Genesim, 78 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 386 |
| 125. Jerome, Letters, 66.13, 71.1-71.2, 118.6-118.7 (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •athlete/athletics Found in books: van , t Westeinde (2021) 156, 173 |
| 126. Epigraphy, Ik Sestos, 1 Tagged with subjects: •social imaginary, and athletics Found in books: Stavrianopoulou (2013) 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322 |
127. Vergil, Aeneis, 1.364, 5.292-5.344, 8.276-8.277, 9.176-9.449 Tagged with subjects: •athlete/athletics •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics •athletes, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 252, 253; Thonemann (2020) 100; van , t Westeinde (2021) 173 | 1.364. the winter o'er Rutulia's vanquished hills. 5.292. where her safe house and pretty nestlings lie, 5.293. oars from her nest, with whirring wings—but soon 5.294. through the still sky she takes her path of air 5.295. on pinions motionless. So Pristis sped 5.296. with Mnestheus, cleaving her last stretch of sea, 5.297. by her own impulse wafted. She outstripped 5.298. Sergestus first; for he upon the reef 5.299. fought with the breakers, desperately shouting 5.300. for help, for help in vain, with broken oars 5.301. contriving to move on. Then Mnestheus ran 5.302. past Gyas, in Chimaera's ponderous hulk, 5.303. of pilot now bereft; at last remains 5.304. Cloanthus his sole peer, whom he pursues 5.305. with a supreme endeavor. From the shore 5.306. burst echoing cheers that spur him to the chase, 5.307. and wild applause makes all the welkin ring. 5.308. The leaders now with eager souls would scorn 5.309. to Iose their glory, and faint-hearted fail 5.310. to grasp a prize half-won, but fain would buy 5.311. honor with life itself; the followers too 5.312. are flushed with proud success, and feel them strong 5.313. because their strength is proven. Both ships now 5.314. with indistinguishable prows had sped 5.315. to share one prize,—but with uplifted hands 5.316. pread o'er the sea, Cloanthus, suppliant, 5.317. called on the gods to bless his votive prayer: 5.318. “Ye gods who rule the waves, whose waters be 5.319. my pathway now; for you on yonder strand 5.320. a white bull at the altar shall be slain 5.321. in grateful tribute for a granted vow; 5.322. and o'er the salt waves I will scatter far 5.323. the entrails, and outpour the flowing wine.” 5.324. He spoke; and from the caverns under sea 5.325. Phorcus and virgin Panopea heard, 5.326. and all the sea-nymphs' choir; while with strong hand 5.327. the kindly God of Havens rose and thrust 5.328. the gliding ship along, that swifter flew 5.329. than south wind, or an arrow from the string, 5.331. Aeneas then, assembling all to hear, 5.332. by a far-sounding herald's voice proclaimed 5.333. Cloanthus victor, and arrayed his brows 5.334. with the green laurel-garland; to the crews 5.335. three bulls, at choice, were given, and plenteous wine 5.336. and talent-weight of silver; to the chiefs 5.337. illustrious gifts beside; the victor had 5.338. a gold-embroidered mantle with wide band 5.339. of undulant Meliboean purple rare, 5.340. where, pictured in the woof, young Ganymede 5.341. through Ida's forest chased the light-foot deer 5.342. with javelin; all flushed and panting he. 5.343. But lo! Jove's thunder-bearing eagle fell, 5.344. and his strong talons snatched from Ida far 8.276. the herd of monster bulls, which pastured free 8.277. along our river-valley. Cacus gazed 9.176. is ours already; thousands of sharp swords 9.177. Italia 's nations bring. Small fear have I 9.178. of Phrygia 's boasted omens. What to me 9.179. their oracles from heaven? The will of Fate 9.180. and Venus have achieved their uttermost 9.181. in casting on Ausonia's fruitful shore 9.182. yon sons of Troy . I too have destinies: 9.183. and mine, good match for theirs, with this true blade 9.184. will spill the blood of all the baneful brood, 9.185. in vengeance for my stolen wife. Such wrongs 9.186. move not on Atreus' sons alone, nor rouse 9.187. only Mycenae to a righteous war. 9.188. Say you, ‘ Troy falls but once?’ One crime, say I, 9.189. hould have contented them; and now their souls 9.190. hould little less than loathe all womankind. 9.191. These are the sort of soldiers that be brave 9.192. behind entrenchment, where the moated walls 9.193. may stem the foe and make a little room 9.194. betwixt themselves and death. Did they not see 9.195. how Troy 's vast bulwark built by Neptune's hand 9.196. crumbled in flame? Forward, my chosen brave! 9.197. Who follows me to cleave his deadly way 9.198. through yonder battlement, and leap like storm 9.199. upon its craven guard? I have no need 9.200. of arms from Vulcan's smithy; nor of ships 9.201. a thousand strong against our Teucrian foes, 9.202. though all Etruria's league enlarge their power. 9.203. Let them not fear dark nights, nor coward theft 9.204. of Pallas' shrine, nor murdered sentinels 9.205. on their acropolis. We shall not hide 9.206. in blinding belly of a horse. But I 9.207. in public eye and open day intend 9.208. to compass their weak wall with siege and fire. 9.209. I'll prove them we be no Pelasgic band, 9.210. no Danaan warriors, such as Hector's arm 9.211. ten years withstood. But look! this day hath spent 9.212. its better part. In what remains, rejoice 9.213. in noble deeds well done; let weary flesh 9.214. have rest and food. My warriors, husband well 9.215. your strength against to-morrow's hopeful war.” 9.216. Meanwhile to block their gates with wakeful guard 9.217. is made Messapus' work, and to gird round 9.218. their camp with watchfires. Then a chosen band, 9.219. twice seven Rutulian chieftains, man the walls 9.220. with soldiery; each leads a hundred men 9.221. crested with crimson, armed with glittering gold. 9.222. Some post to separate sentries, and prepare 9.223. alternate vigil; others, couched on grass, 9.224. laugh round the wine and lift the brazen bowls. 9.225. The camp-fires cheerly burn; the jovial guard 9.227. The Trojans peering from the lofty walls 9.228. urvey the foe, and arm for sure defence 9.229. of every point exposed. They prove the gates 9.230. with fearful care, bind bridge with tower, and bring 9.231. good store of javelins. Serestus bold 9.232. and Mnestheus to their labors promptly fly, 9.233. whom Sire Aeneas bade in time of stress 9.234. to have authority and free command 9.235. over his warriars. Along the walls 9.236. the legions, by the cast of lots, divide 9.237. the pain and peril, giving each his due 9.239. Nisus kept sentry at the gate: a youth 9.240. of eager heart for noble deeds, the son 9.241. of Hyrtacus, whom in Aeneas' train 9.242. Ida the huntress sent; swift could he speed 9.243. the spear or light-winged arrow to its aim. 9.244. Beside him was Euryalus, his friend: 9.245. of all th' Aeneadae no youth more fair 9.246. wore Trojan arms; upon his cheek unshorn 9.247. the tender bloom of boyhood lingered still. 9.248. Their loving hearts were one, and oft in war 9.249. they battled side by side, as in that hour 9.250. a common sentry at the gate they shared. 9.251. Said Nisus: “Is it gods above that breathe 9.252. this fever in my soul, Euryalus? 9.253. or is the tyrant passion of each breast 9.254. the god it serves? Me now my urgent mind 9.255. to battles or some mighty deed impels, 9.256. and will not give me rest. Look yonder, where 9.257. the Rutuli in dull security 9.258. the siege maintain. Yet are their lights but few. 9.259. They are asleep or drunk, and in their line 9.260. is many a silent space. O, hear my thought, 9.261. and what my heart is pondering. To recall 9.262. Aeneas is the dearest wish to-night 9.263. of all, both high and low. They need true men 9.264. to find him and bring tidings. If our chiefs 9.265. but grant me leave to do the thing I ask 9.266. (Claiming no reward save what honor gives), 9.267. methinks I could search out by yonder hill 9.268. a path to Pallanteum.” The amazed 9.269. Euryalus, flushed warm with eager love 9.270. for deeds of glory, instantly replied 9.271. to his high-hearted friend: “Dost thou refuse, 9.272. my Nisus, to go with me hand in hand 9.273. when mighty deeds are done? Could I behold 9.274. thee venturing alone on danger? Nay! 9.275. Not thus my sire Opheltes, schooled in war, 9.276. taught me his true child, 'mid the woes of Troy 9.277. and Argive terrors reared; not thus with thee 9.278. have I proved craven, since we twain were leal 9.279. to great Aeneas, sharing all his doom. 9.280. In this breast also is a heart which knows 9.281. contempt of life, and deems such deeds, such praise, 9.282. well worth a glorious death.” Nisus to him: 9.283. “I have not doubted thee, nor e'er could have 9.284. one thought disloyal. May almighty Jove, 9.285. or whatsoe'er good power my purpose sees, 9.286. bring me triumphant to thy arms once more! 9.287. But if, as oft in doubtful deeds befalls, 9.288. ome stroke of chance, or will divine, should turn 9.289. to adverse, 't is my fondest prayer that thou 9.290. houldst live the longer of us twain. Thy years 9.291. uit better with more life. Oh! let there be 9.292. one mourner true to carry to its grave 9.293. my corpse, recaptured in the desperate fray, 9.294. or ransomed for a price. Or if this boon 9.295. hould be—'t is Fortune's common way—refused, 9.296. then pay the debt of grief and loyal woe 9.297. unto my far-off dust, and garlands leave 9.298. upon an empty tomb. No grief I give 9.299. to any sorrowing mother; one alone, 9.300. of many Trojan mothers, had the heart 9.301. to follow thee, her child, and would not stay 9.302. in great Acestes' land.” His friend replied: 9.303. “Thou weavest but a web of empty words 9.304. and reasons vain, nor dost thou shake at all 9.305. my heart's resolve. Come, let us haste away!” 9.306. He answered so, and summoned to the gate 9.307. a neighboring watch, who, bringing prompt relief, 9.308. the sentry-station took; then quitted he 9.309. his post assigned; at Nisus' side he strode, 9.311. Now in all lands all creatures that have breath 9.312. lulled care in slumber, and each heart forgot 9.313. its load of toil and pain. But they who led 9.314. the Teucrian cause, with all their chosen brave, 9.315. took counsel in the kingdom's hour of need 9.316. what action to command or whom dispatch 9.317. with tidings to Aeneas. In mid-camp 9.318. on long spears leaning and with ready shield 9.319. to leftward slung, th' assembled warriors stood. 9.320. Thither in haste arrived the noble pair, 9.321. brave Nisus with Euryalus his friend, 9.322. and craved a hearing, for their suit, they said, 9.323. was urgent and well-worth a patient ear. 9.324. Iulus to the anxious striplings gave 9.325. a friendly welcome, bidding Nisus speak. 9.326. The son of Hyrtacus obeyed: “O, hear, 9.327. Princes of Teucria, with impartial mind, 9.328. nor judge by our unseasoned youth the worth 9.329. of what we bring. Yon Rutule watch is now 9.330. in drunken sleep, and all is silent there. 9.331. With our own eyes we picked out a good place 9.332. to steal a march, that cross-road by the gate 9.333. close-fronting on the bridge. Their lines of fire 9.334. are broken, and a murky, rolling smoke 9.335. fills all the region. If ye grant us leave 9.336. by this good luck to profit, we will find 9.337. Aeneas and the walls of Palatine , 9.338. and after mighty slaughter and huge spoil 9.339. ye soon shall see us back. Nor need ye fear 9.340. we wander from the way. oft have we seen 9.341. that city's crest loom o'er the shadowy vales, 9.342. where we have hunted all day long and know 9.343. each winding of yon river.” Then uprose 9.344. aged Aletes, crowned with wisdom's years: 9.345. “Gods of our fathers, who forevermore 9.346. watch over Troy , ye surely had no mind 9.347. to blot out Teucria's name, when ye bestowed 9.348. uch courage on young hearts, and bade them be 9.349. o steadfast and so leal.” Joyful he clasped 9.350. their hands in his, and on their shoulders leaned, 9.351. his aged cheek and visage wet with tears. 9.352. “What reward worthy of such actions fair, 9.353. dear heroes, could be given? Your brightest prize 9.354. will come from Heaven and your own hearts. The rest 9.355. Aeneas will right soon bestow; nor will 9.356. Ascanius, now in youth's unblemished prime, 9.357. ever forget your praise.” Forthwith replied 9.358. Aeneas' son, “By all our household gods, 9.359. by great Assaracus, and every shrine 9.360. of venerable Vesta, I confide 9.361. my hopes, my fortunes, and all future weal 9.362. to your heroic hearts. O, bring me back 9.363. my father! Set him in these eyes once more! 9.364. That day will tears be dry; and I will give 9.365. two silver wine-cups graven and o'erlaid 9.366. with clear-cut figures, which my father chose 9.367. out of despoiled Arisbe; also two 9.368. full talents of pure gold, and tripods twain, 9.369. and ancient wine-bowl, Tyrian Dido's token. 9.370. But if indeed our destiny shall be 9.371. to vanquish Italy in prosperous war, 9.372. to seize the sceptre and divide the spoil, — 9.373. aw you that steed of Turnus and the arms 9.374. in which he rode, all golden? That same steed, 9.375. that glittering shield and haughty crimson crest 9.376. I will reserve thee, e'er the lots are cast, 9.377. and, Nisus, they are thine. Hereto my sire 9.378. will add twelve captive maids of beauty rare, 9.379. and slaves in armor; last, thou hast the fields 9.380. which now Latinus holds. But as for thee, 9.381. to whom my youth but binds me closer still, 9.382. thee, kingly boy, my whole heart makes my own, 9.383. and through all changeful fortune we shall be 9.384. inseparable peers: nor will I seek 9.385. renown and glory, or in peace or war, 9.386. forgetting thee: but trust thee from this day 9.387. in deed and word.” To him in answer spoke 9.388. euryalus, “O, may no future show 9.389. this heart unworthy thy heroic call! 9.390. And may our fortune ever prosperous prove, 9.391. not adverse. But I now implore of thee 9.392. a single boon worth all beside. I have 9.393. a mother, from the venerated line 9.394. of Priam sprung, whom not the Trojan shore 9.395. nor King Acestes' city could detain, 9.396. alas! from following me. I leave her now 9.397. without farewell; nor is her love aware 9.398. of my supposed peril. For I swear 9.399. by darkness of this night and thy right hand, 9.400. that all my courage fails me if I see 9.401. a mother's tears. O, therefore, I implore, 9.402. be thou her sorrow's comfort and sustain 9.403. her solitary day. Such grace from thee 9.404. equip me for my war, and I shall face 9.405. with braver heart whatever fortune brings.” 9.406. With sudden sorrow thrilled, the veteran lords 9.407. of Teucria showed their tears. But most of all 9.408. uch likeness of his own heart's filial love 9.409. on fair Iulus moved, and thus he spoke: 9.410. “Promise thyself what fits thy generous deeds. 9.411. Thy mother shall be mine, Creusa's name 9.412. alone not hers; nor is the womb unblest 9.413. that bore a child like thee. Whate'er success 9.414. may follow, I make oath immutable 9.415. by my own head, on which my father swore, 9.416. that all I promise thee of gift or praise 9.417. if home thou comest triumphing, shall be 9.418. the glory of thy mother and thy kin.” 9.419. Weeping he spoke, and from his shoulder drew 9.420. the golden sword, well-wrought and wonderful, 9.421. which once in Crete Lycaon's cunning made 9.422. and sheathed in ivory. On Nisus then 9.423. Mnestheus bestowed a shaggy mantle torn 9.424. from a slain lion; good Aletes gave 9.425. exchange of crested helms. In such array 9.426. they hastened forth; and all the princely throng, 9.427. young men and old, ran with them to the gates, 9.428. praying all gods to bless. Iulus then, 9.429. a fair youth, but of grave, heroic soul 9.430. beyond his years, gave them in solemn charge 9.431. full many a message for his sire, but these 9.432. the hazard of wild winds soon scattered far, 9.434. Forth through the moat they climb, and steal away 9.435. through midnight shades, to where their foemen lie 9.436. encamped in arms; of whom, before these fall, 9.437. a host shall die. Along the turf were seen, 9.438. laid low in heavy slumber and much wine, 9.439. a prostrate troop; the horseless chariots 9.440. tood tilted on the shore, 'twixt rein and wheel 9.441. the drivers dozed, wine-cups and idle swords 9.442. trewn round them without heed. The first to speak 9.443. was Nisus. “Look, Euryalus,” he cried, 9.444. “Now boldly strike. The hour to do the deed 9.445. is here, the path this way. Keep wide-eyed watch 9.446. that no man smite behind us. I myself 9.447. will mow the mighty fieid, and lead thee on 9.448. in a wide swath of slaughter.” With this word 9.449. he shut his lips; and hurled him with his sword |
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| 128. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 1.3.3 Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 602, 603 |
| 129. Com. Adesp., Fr., None Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 248 |
| 130. Epigraphy, Ig Ii2, 2773 Tagged with subjects: •athletics, olympia (athens) Found in books: Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 159 |
| 131. Epigraphy, I.Ephesos, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Borg (2008) 208 |
| 132. Papyri, P.Cair.Masp., None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Ruffini (2018) 185 |
133. Strabo, Geography, 10.4.21 Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 245 | 10.4.21. They have a peculiar custom in regard to love affairs, for they win the objects of their love, not by persuasion, but by abduction; the lover tells the friends of the boy three or four days beforehand that he is going to make the abduction; but for the friends to conceal the boy, or not to let him go forth by the appointed road, is indeed a most disgraceful thing, a confession, as it were, that the boy is unworthy to obtain such a lover; and when they meet, if the abductor is the boy's equal or superior in rank or other respects, the friends pursue him and lay hold of him, though only in a very gentle way, thus satisfying the custom; and after that they cheerfully turn the boy over to him to lead away; if, however, the abductor is unworthy, they take the boy away from him. And the pursuit does not end until the boy is taken to the Andreium of his abductor. They regard as a worthy object of love, not the boy who is exceptionally handsome, but the boy who is exceptionally manly and decorous. After giving the boy presents, the abductor takes him away to any place in the country he wishes; and those who were present at the abduction follow after them, and after feasting and hunting with them for two months (for it is not permitted to detain the boy for a longer time), they return to the city. The boy is released after receiving as presents a military habit, an ox, and a drinking-cup (these are the gifts required by law), and other things so numerous and costly that the friends, on account of the number of the expenses, make contributions thereto. Now the boy sacrifices the ox to Zeus and feasts those who returned with him; and then he makes known the facts about his intimacy with his lover, whether, perchance, it has pleased him or not, the law allowing him this privilege in order that, if any force was applied to him at the time of the abduction, he might be able at this feast to avenge himself and be rid of the lover. It is disgraceful for those who are handsome in appearance or descendants of illustrious ancestors to fail to obtain lovers, the presumption being that their character is responsible for such a fate. But the parastathentes (for thus they call those who have been abducted) receive honors; for in both the dances and the races they have the positions of highest honor, and are allowed to dress in better clothes than the rest, that is, in the habit given them by their lovers; and not then only, but even after they have grown to manhood, they wear a distinctive dress, which is intended to make known the fact that each wearer has become kleinos, for they call the loved one kleinos and the lover philetor. So much for their customs in regard to love affairs. |
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| 134. Epigraphy, Inscriptiones Graecae Ad Res Romanas Pertinentes, Ed. René Cagnat Et Al.. 3 Vols. Paris 1911-1927. Vol. I, 1911, 3.461-3.462, 3.467, 3.484, 3.500, 3.746 Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Borg (2008) 206, 207, 216, 218 |
| 135. Epigraphy, Die Inschriften Von Tralleis Und Nysa, 102 Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Borg (2008) 218 |
| 136. Lysias, Orations, 3 Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 248 |
| 137. Epigraphy, Prices Edict (Ed. Lauffer), 7.56-7.66 Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Borg (2008) 209 |
| 138. Demosthenes, Orations, 16.3-16.5 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Wilson (2010) 103 |
| 139. Epigraphy, Inschriften Griechischer Städte Aus Kleinasien, 23.1.246 Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Borg (2008) 209 |
| 140. Epigraphy, Cig, 3088, 208 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Borg (2008) 209 |
| 141. Epigraphy, Tituli Asiae Minoris, 2.22-2.25, 2.27-2.28, 2.181, 2.189, 2.207, 2.288, 2.303-2.307, 2.310, 2.312, 2.428, 2.511, 2.522, 2.585-2.586, 2.677-2.684, 2.687, 2.741, 2.751, 2.901, 2.905, 2.911, 2.914, 2.944, 2.946, 3.714 Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Borg (2008) 216, 218, 219 |
| 142. Mart., Praescr., 2018-03-04 00:00:00 Tagged with subjects: •biography, and greek athletics •nudity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 252 |
| 143. Justinian, Anc., None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Bickerman and Tropper (2007) 602 |
| 144. Stoic School, Stoicor. Veter. Fragm., 3.617 Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 388 |
| 145. Epigraphy, Ig, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Gaifman (2012) 142 |
| 146. Seneca, Institutio Oratoria, 6 Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 389 |
| 147. Menander, Orations, 29 Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 389 |
| 148. Theaetetus, Timaeus, None Tagged with subjects: •athletics imagery Found in books: Birnbaum and Dillon (2020) 175 |
| 149. Stobaeus, Eclogues, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Wilson (2022) 95 |
| 150. Epigraphy, Ig V, 1.364, 1.1386, 2.118 Tagged with subjects: •athletics •athletics, antigoneia •athletics, basileia •athletics, eleusinia •athletics, eleutheria •athletics, heraia •athletics, isthmia •athletics, lykaia •athletics, naia •athletics, nemea •athletics, olympic games •athletics, pythia Found in books: Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 172, 174, 182 |
| 151. Gregory The Great, Mor. In Iob, 24 Tagged with subjects: •femininity, athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 260 |
| 152. Epigraphy, Hall - Milner, 1, 10-15, 17-19, 2, 20-29, 3, 30-37, 4-9, 16 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Borg (2008) 206, 216, 218 |
| 153. Epigraphy, Manni Piraino, Iscrizioni, None Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Gaifman (2012) 246 |
| 154. Epigraphy, S. G. Miller, ˜The Altar of The Six Goddesses In Thessalian Pherai', Csca, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan nan |
| 155. Epigraphy, Fouilles De Xanthos, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Borg (2008) 219 |
| 156. Epigraphy, Syll. , 3.578, 3.959-3.960 Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Borg (2008) 208, 209, 215 |
| 157. Epigraphy, Seg, 23.212, 23.228, 39.1243, 43.162, 44.375, 45.310, 46.409-46.410, 46.422, 51.478, 52.395, 52.400, 54.464-54.465, 56.478, 59.411, 59.416-59.417, 63.305 Tagged with subjects: •athletics •athletics, aleaia •athletics, isthmia •athletics, lykaia •athletics, nemea •athletics, olympic games •athletics, pythia •social imaginary, and athletics •athletics, pythia (megara) Found in books: Mackil and Papazarkadas (2020) 176, 182, 195, 196, 197, 198; Stavrianopoulou (2013) 319, 321 |
| 158. Teles, Ap. Stob. Flor., None Tagged with subjects: •nudity, athletics •pederasty, and athletics Found in books: Hubbard (2014) 245 |
| 159. Epigraphy, Miletos, 3.39 Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Borg (2008) 208, 209 |
| 160. Epigraphy, Wörrle, 1988, 50.44-50.46 Tagged with subjects: •athletics Found in books: Borg (2008) 218 |
| 161. Epigraphy, Steinepigramme Aus Dem Griechischen Osten, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Borg (2008) 204 |
