The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Index Database

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86 results for "asklepieia"

1. Aristophanes, The Rich Man, 649-689, 691-747, 690 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 185

690. ὀδὰξ ἐλαβόμην ὡς παρείας ὢν ὄφις.

2. Aristophanes, Wasps, 121-123 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 208

123. νύκτωρ κατέκλινεν αὐτὸν εἰς ̓Ασκληπιοῦ,

3. Thucydides, The History of The Peloponnesian War, 4.56.2 (5th cent. BCE - 4th cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 180

4.56.2. ἐκ δὲ αὐτῶν περιέπλευσαν ἐς Ἐπίδαυρον τὴν Λιμηράν, καὶ δῃώσαντες μέρος τι τῆς γῆς ἀφικνοῦνται ἐπὶ Θυρέαν, ἥ ἐστι μὲν τῆς Κυνουρίας γῆς καλουμένης, μεθορία δὲ τῆς Ἀργείας καὶ Λακωνικῆς: νεμόμενοι δὲ αὐτὴν ἔδοσαν Λακεδαιμόνιοι Αἰγινήταις ἐκπεσοῦσιν ἐνοικεῖν διά τε τὰς ὑπὸ τὸν σεισμὸν σφίσι γενομένας καὶ τῶν Εἱλώτων τὴν ἐπανάστασιν εὐεργεσίας καὶ ὅτι Ἀθηναίων ὑπακούοντες ὅμως πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνων γνώμην αἰεὶ ἕστασαν.

4.56.2. From thence they sailed round to the Limeran Epidaurus, ravaged part of the country, and so came to Thyrea in the Cynurian territory, upon the Argive and Laconian border. This district had been given by its Lacedaemonian owners to the expelled Aeginetans to inhabit, in return for their good offices at the time of the earthquake and the rising of the Helots; and also because, although subjects of Athens , they had always sided with Lacedaemon .

4. Herodas, Mimes, 2.97, 4.19-4.20 (3rd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 178, 203, 204

5. Cicero, On Divination, 2.143 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 172

2.143. Dicitur quidam, cum in somnis complexu Venerio iungeretur, calculos eiecisse. Video sympathian; visum est enim tale obiectum dormienti, ut id, quod evenit, naturae vis, non opinio erroris effecerit. Quae igitur natura obtulit illam speciem Simonidi, a qua vetaretur navigare? aut quid naturae copulatum habuit Alcibiadis quod scribitur somnium? qui paulo ante interitum visus est in somnis amicae esse amictus amiculo. Is cum esset proiectus inhumatus ab omnibusque desertus iaceret, amica corpus eius texit suo pallio. Ergo hoc inerat in rebus futuris et causas naturalis habebat, an, et ut videretur et ut eveniret, casus effecit?

2.143. A person, it is said, while dreaming of coition, ejected gravel. In this case I can see a relation between the dream and the result; for the vision presented to the sleeper was such as to make it clear that what happened was due to natural causes and not to the delusion. But by what law of nature did Simonides receive that vision which forbade him to sail? or what was the connexion between the laws of nature and the dream of Alcibiades in which according to history, shortly before his death, he seemed to be enveloped in the cloak of his mistress? Later, when his body had been cast out and was lying unburied and universally neglected, his mistress covered it with her mantle. Then do you say that this dream was united by some natural tie with the fate that befell Alcibiades, or did chance cause both the apparition and the subsequent event? [70]

6. Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library, 19.45.4 (1st cent. BCE - 1st cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 212

19.45.4. The water that suddenly gathered filled the whole region about the Market and the Temple of Dionysus; and then, as the flood was already advancing to the Temple of Asclepius, all were struck with fear and began to follow various plans for gaining safety.

7. Dionysius of Halycarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 5.13.4 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 206

5.13.4. And there is even now a conspicuous monument of what happened on that occasion, in the form of an island of goodly size consecrated to Aesculapius and washed on all sides by the river, an island which was formed, they say, out of the heap of rotten straw and was further enlarged by the silt which the river kept adding. The consuls also granted to all the Romans who had fled with the tyrant leave to return to the city with impunity and under a general amnesty, setting a time-limit of twenty days; and if they did not return within this fixed time, the penalties set in their case were perpetual banishment and the confiscation of their estates.

8. Ovid, Metamorphoses, 15.622-15.744 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 182

15.622. Pandite nunc, Musae, praesentia numina vatum 15.623. (scitis enim, nec vos fallit spatiosa vetustas,) 15.624. unde Coroniden circumflua Thybridis alti 15.625. insula Romuleae sacris adiecerit urbis. 15.626. Dira lues quondam Latias vitiaverat auras, 15.627. pallidaque exsangui squalebant corpora morbo. 15.628. Funeribus fessi postquam mortalia cernunt 15.629. temptamenta nihil, nihil artes posse medentum, 15.630. auxilium caeleste petunt mediamque tenentes 15.631. orbis humum Delphos adeunt, oracula Phoebi, 15.632. utque salutifera miseris succurrere rebus 15.633. sorte velit tantaeque urbis mala finiat, orant: 15.634. et locus et laurus et, quas habet ipse, pharetras 15.635. intremuere simul, cortinaque reddidit imo 15.636. hanc adyto vocem pavefactaque pectora movit: 15.637. “Quod petis hinc, propiore loco, Romane, petisses, 15.638. et pete nunc propiore loco! nec Apolline vobis, 15.639. qui minuat luctus, opus est, sed Apolline nato. 15.640. Ite bonis avibus prolemque accersite nostram!” 15.641. Iussa dei prudens postquam accepere senatus, 15.642. quam colat, explorant, iuvenis Phoebeius urbem, 15.643. quique petant ventis Epidauria litora mittunt. 15.644. Quae simul incurva missi tetigere carina, 15.645. concilium Graiosque patres adiere, darentque, 15.646. oravere, deum, qui praesens funera gentis 15.647. finiat Ausoniae: certas ita dicere sortes. 15.648. Dissidet et variat sententia, parsque negandum 15.649. non putat auxilium, multi retinere suamque 15.650. non emittere opem nec numina tradere suadent: 15.651. dum dubitant, seram pepulere crepuscula lucem, 15.652. umbraque telluris tenebras induxerat orbi, 15.653. cum deus in somnis opifer consistere visus 15.654. ante tuum, Romane, torum, sed qualis in aede 15.655. esse solet, baculumque tenens agreste sinistra 15.656. caesariem longae dextra deducere barbae 15.657. et placido tales emittere pectore voces: 15.658. “Pone metus! Veniam simulacraque nostra relinquam. 15.659. Hunc modo serpentem, baculum qui nexibus ambit, 15.660. perspice et usque nota visu, ut cognoscere possis! 15.661. Vertar in hunc, sed maior ero tantusque videbor, 15.662. in quantum verti caelestia corpora debent.” 15.663. Extemplo cum voce deus, cum voce deoque 15.664. somnus abit, somnique fugam lux alma secuta est. 15.665. Postera sidereos aurora fugaverat ignes: 15.666. incerti, quid agant, proceres ad templa petiti 15.667. perveniunt operosa dei, quaque ipse morari 15.668. sede velit, signis caelestibus indicet, orant. 15.669. Vix bene desierant, cum cristis aureus altis 15.670. in serpente deus praenuntia sibila misit 15.671. adventuque suo signumque arasque foresque 15.672. marmoreumque solum fastigiaque aurea movit 15.673. pectoribusque tenus media sublimis in aede 15.674. constitit atque oculos circumtulit igne micantes. 15.675. Territa turba pavet. Cognovit numina castos 15.676. evinctus vitta crines albente sacerdos: 15.677. “En deus est deus est! Animis linguisque favete, 15.678. quisquis ades!” dixit. “Sis, o pulcherrime, visus 15.679. utiliter populosque iuves tua sacra colentes !” 15.680. Quisquis adest, visum venerantur numen, et omnes 15.681. verba sacerdotis referunt geminata piumque 15.682. Aeneadae praestant et mente et voce favorem. 15.683. Adnuit his motisque deus rata pignora cristis 15.684. et repetita dedit vibrata sibila lingua. 15.685. Tum gradibus nitidis delabitur oraque retro 15.686. flectit et antiquas abiturus respicit aras 15.687. adsuetasque domos habitataque templa salutat. 15.688. Inde per iniectis adopertam floribus ingens 15.689. serpit humum flectitque sinus mediamque per urbem 15.690. tendit ad incurvo munitos aggere portus. 15.691. Restitit hic agmenque suum turbaeque sequentis 15.692. officium placido visus dimittere vultu 15.693. corpus in Ausonia posuit rate: numinis illa 15.694. sensit onus, pressa estque dei gravitate carina; 15.695. Aeneadae gaudent caesoque in litore tauro 15.696. torta coronatae solvunt retinacula navis. 15.697. Impulerat levis aura ratem: deus eminet alte, 15.698. impositaque premens puppim cervice recurvam 15.699. caeruleas despectat aquas modicisque per aequor 15.700. Ionium zephyris sextae Pallantidos ortu 15.701. Italiam tenuit praeterque Lacinia templo 15.702. nobilitata deae Scylaceaque litora fertur; 15.703. linquit Iapygiam laevisque Amphrisia remis 15.704. saxa fugit, dextra praerupta Celennia parte, 15.705. Romethiumque legit Caulonaque Naryciamque, 15.706. evincitque fretum Siculique angusta Pelori 15.707. Hippotadaeque domos regis Temesesque metalla, 15.708. Leucosiamque petit tepidique rosaria Paesti. 15.709. Inde legit Capreas promunturiumque Minervae 15.710. et Surrentino generosos palmite colles 15.711. Herculeamque urbem Stabiasque et in otia natam 15.712. Parthenopen et ab hac Cumaeae templa Sibyllae. 15.713. Hinc calidi fontes lentisciferumque tenetur 15.714. Liternum multamque trahens sub gurgite harenam 15.715. Volturnus niveisque frequens Sinuessa columbis 15.716. Minturnaeque graves et quam tumulavit alumnus 15.717. Antiphataeque domus Trachasque obsessa palude 15.718. et tellus Circaea et spissi litoris Antium. 15.719. Huc ubi veliferam nautae advertere carinam 15.720. (asper enim iam pontus erat), deus explicat orbes 15.721. perque sinus crebros et magna volumina labens 15.722. templa parentis init flavum tangentia litus. 15.723. Aequore placato patrias Epidaurius aras 15.724. linquit et hospitio iuncti sibi numinis usus 15.725. litoream tractu squamae crepitantis harenam 15.726. sulcat et innixus moderamine navis in alta 15.727. puppe caput posuit, donec Castrumque sacrasque 15.728. Lavini sedes Tiberinaque ad ostia venit. 15.729. Huc omnis populi passim matrumque patrumque 15.730. obvia turba ruit, quaeque ignes, Troica, servant, 15.731. Vesta, tuos, laetoque deum clamore salutant. 15.732. Quaque per adversas navis cita ducitur undas, 15.733. tura super ripas aris ex ordine factis 15.734. parte ab utraque sot et odorant aera fumis, 15.735. ictaque coniectos incalfacit hostia cultros. 15.736. Iamque caput rerum, Romanam intraverat urbem: 15.737. erigitur serpens summoque acclinia malo 15.738. colla movet sedesque sibi circumspicit aptas. 15.739. Scinditur in geminas partes circumfluus amnis 15.740. (Insula nomen habet), laterumque a parte duorum 15.741. porrigit aequales media tellure lacertos. 15.742. Huc se de Latia pinu Phoebeius anguis 15.743. contulit et finem, specie caeleste resumpta, 15.744. luctibus imposuit venitque salutifer urbi.

9. Livy, History, 10.47.6-10.47.7 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 182

10. Livy, Per., 11 (1st cent. BCE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 182

11. Pliny The Elder, Natural History, 20.100.264, 29.2.4, 29.3.5 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 204

12. Suetonius, Claudius, 25.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 206

13. Statius, Siluae, 3.4.23-3.4.25 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 199

14. Galen, On Antidotes, 2.17 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 204

15. Aelian, Nature of Animals, 7.13, 9.33 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 172, 184, 185

16. Aelian, Fragments, 102, 104 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 184

17. Galen, On The Treatment of Venesection, 23 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 199

18. Serenus Sammonicus, Liber Medicinalis, None (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 209

19. Galen, Commentary On Hippocrates' 'Epidemics Vi', 4.4.8 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 199

20. Aelius Aristides, Orations, 39.3, 42.7, 42.11, 47.12-47.13, 47.17, 48.1-48.4, 48.7, 48.9, 48.41-48.43, 48.69-48.70, 49.47, 50.1, 50.3-50.7, 50.14, 50.17, 50.31, 50.39-50.47, 50.53-50.54, 51.18, 51.48-51.53, 52.1 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 169, 170, 173, 175, 181, 199, 201, 202, 210

21. Pausanias, Description of Greece, 2.2.8, 2.10.3, 2.26.8-2.26.9, 2.27.1-2.27.6, 3.23.6-3.23.7, 4.14.7-4.14.8, 7.27.11, 10.38.13 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 172, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183, 189, 208, 209, 210

2.2.8. ἔστι δὲ καὶ Τύχης ναός· ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν Παρίου λίθου· παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν θεοῖς πᾶσίν ἐστιν ἱερόν. πλησίον δὲ ᾠκοδόμηται κρήνη, καὶ Ποσειδῶν ἐπʼ αὐτῇ χαλκοῦς καὶ δελφὶς ὑπὸ τοῖς ποσίν ἐστι τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἀφιεὶς ὕδωρ. καὶ Ἀπόλλων ἐπίκλησιν Κλάριος χαλκοῦς ἐστι καὶ ἄγαλμα Ἀφροδίτης Ἑρμογένους Κυθηρίου ποιήσαντος. Ἑρμοῦ τέ ἐστιν ἀγάλματα χαλκοῦ μὲν καὶ ὀρθὰ ἀμφότερα, τῷ δὲ ἑτέρῳ καὶ ναὸς πεποίηται. τὰ δὲ τοῦ Διός, καὶ ταῦτα ὄντα ἐν ὑπαίθρῳ, τὸ μὲν ἐπίκλησιν οὐκ εἶχε, τὸν δὲ αὐτῶν Χθόνιον καὶ τὸν τρίτον καλοῦσιν Ὕψιστον. 2.10.3. ἐσελθοῦσι δὲ ὁ θεός ἐστιν οὐκ ἔχων γένεια, χρυσοῦ καὶ ἐλέφαντος, Καλάμιδος δὲ ἔργον· ἔχει δὲ καὶ σκῆπτρον καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἑτέρας χειρὸς πίτυος καρπὸν τῆς ἡμέρου. φασὶ δέ σφισιν ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου κομισθῆναι τὸν θεὸν ἐπὶ ζεύγους ἡμιόνων δράκοντι εἰκασμένον, τὴν δὲ ἀγαγοῦσαν Νικαγόραν εἶναι Σικυωνίαν Ἀγασικλέους μητέρα, γυναῖκα δὲ Ἐχετίμου. ἐνταῦθα ἀγάλματά ἐστιν οὐ μεγάλα ἀπηρτημένα τοῦ ὀρόφου· τὴν δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ δράκοντι Ἀριστοδάμαν Ἀράτου μητέρα εἶναι λέγουσι καὶ Ἄρατον Ἀσκληπιοῦ παῖδα εἶναι νομίζουσιν. 2.26.8. μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι καὶ τόδε ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ τὸν θεὸν γενέσθαι· τὰ γὰρ Ἀσκληπιεῖα εὑρίσκω τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα γεγονότα ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου. τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι, τῆς τελετῆς λέγοντες Ἀσκληπιῷ μεταδοῦναι, τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην Ἐπιδαύρια ὀνομάζουσι καὶ θεὸν ἀπʼ ἐκείνου φασὶν Ἀσκληπιόν σφισι νομισθῆναι· τοῦτο δὲ Ἀρχίας ὁ Ἀρισταίχμου, τὸ συμβὰν σπάσμα θηρεύοντί οἱ περὶ τὸν Πίνδασον ἰαθεὶς ἐν τῇ Ἐπιδαυρίᾳ, τὸν θεὸν ἐπηγάγετο ἐς Πέργαμον. 2.26.9. ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Περγαμηνῶν Σμυρναίοις γέγονεν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Ἀσκληπιεῖον τὸ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ. τὸ δʼ ἐν Βαλάγραις ταῖς Κυρηναίων ἐστὶν Ἀσκληπιὸς καλούμενος Ἰατρὸς ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου καὶ οὗτος. ἐκ δὲ τοῦ παρὰ Κυρηναίοις τὸ ἐν Λεβήνῃ τῇ Κρητῶν ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιεῖον. διάφορον δὲ Κυρηναίοις τοσόνδε ἐς Ἐπιδαυρίους ἐστίν, ὅτι αἶγας οἱ Κυρηναῖοι θύουσιν, Ἐπιδαυρίοις οὐ καθεστηκότος. 2.27.1. τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν ἄλσος τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ περιέχουσιν ὅροι πανταχόθεν· οὐδὲ ἀποθνήσκουσιν ἄνθρωποι οὐδὲ τίκτουσιν αἱ γυναῖκές σφισιν ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου, καθὰ καὶ ἐπὶ Δήλῳ τῇ νήσῳ τὸν αὐτὸν νόμον. τὰ δὲ θυόμενα, ἤν τέ τις Ἐπιδαυρίων αὐτῶν ἤν τε ξένος ὁ θύων ᾖ, καταναλίσκουσιν ἐντὸς τῶν ὅρων· τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ γινόμενον οἶδα καὶ ἐν Τιτάνῃ. 2.27.2. τοῦ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἄγαλμα μεγέθει μὲν τοῦ Ἀθήνῃσιν Ὀλυμπίου Διὸς ἥμισυ ἀποδεῖ, πεποίηται δὲ ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ· μηνύει δὲ ἐπίγραμμα τὸν εἰργασμένον εἶναι Θρασυμήδην Ἀριγνώτου Πάριον. κάθηται δὲ ἐπὶ θρόνου βακτηρίαν κρατῶν, τὴν δὲ ἑτέραν τῶν χειρῶν ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς ἔχει τοῦ δράκοντος, καί οἱ καὶ κύων παρακατακείμενος πεποίηται. τῷ θρόνῳ δὲ ἡρώων ἐπειργασμένα Ἀργείων ἐστὶν ἔργα, Βελλεροφόντου τὸ ἐς τὴν Χίμαιραν καὶ Περσεὺς ἀφελὼν τὴν Μεδούσης κεφαλήν. τοῦ ναοῦ δέ ἐστι πέραν ἔνθα οἱ ἱκέται τοῦ θεοῦ καθεύδουσιν. 2.27.3. οἴκημα δὲ περιφερὲς λίθου λευκοῦ καλούμενον Θόλος ᾠκοδόμηται πλησίον, θέας ἄξιον· ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ Παυσίου γράψαντος βέλη μὲν καὶ τόξον ἐστὶν ἀφεικὼς Ἔρως, λύραν δὲ ἀντʼ αὐτῶν ἀράμενος φέρει. γέγραπται δὲ ἐνταῦθα καὶ Μέθη, Παυσίου καὶ τοῦτο ἔργον, ἐξ ὑαλίνης φιάλης πίνουσα· ἴδοις δὲ κἂν ἐν τῇ γραφῇ φιάλην τε ὑάλου καὶ διʼ αὐτῆς γυναικὸς πρόσωπον. στῆλαι δὲ εἱστήκεσαν ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου τὸ μὲν ἀρχαῖον καὶ πλέονες, ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ δὲ ἓξ λοιπαί· ταύταις ἐγγεγραμμένα καὶ ἀνδρῶν καὶ γυναικῶν ἐστιν ὀνόματα ἀκεσθέντων ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ, προσέτι δὲ καὶ νόσημα ὅ τι ἕκαστος ἐνόσησε καὶ ὅπως ἰάθη· 2.27.4. γέγραπται δὲ φωνῇ τῇ Δωρίδι. χωρὶς δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἐστὶν ἀρχαία στήλη· ἵππους δὲ Ἱππόλυτον ἀναθεῖναι τῷ θεῷ φησιν εἴκοσι. ταύτης τῆς στήλης τῷ ἐπιγράμματι ὁμολογοῦντα λέγουσιν Ἀρικιεῖς, ὡς τεθνεῶτα Ἱππόλυτον ἐκ τῶν Θησέως ἀρῶν ἀνέστησεν Ἀσκληπιός· ὁ δὲ ὡς αὖθις ἐβίω, οὐκ ἠξίου νέμειν τῷ πατρὶ συγγνώμην, ἀλλὰ ὑπεριδὼν τὰς δεήσεις ἐς Ἰταλίαν ἔρχεται παρὰ τοὺς Ἀρικιεῖς, καὶ ἐβασίλευσέ τε αὐτόθι καὶ ἀνῆκε τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι τέμενος, ἔνθα ἄχρι ἐμοῦ μονομαχίας ἆθλα ἦν καὶ ἱερᾶσθαι τῇ θεῷ τὸν νικῶντα· ὁ δὲ ἀγὼν ἐλευθέρων μὲν προέκειτο οὐδενί, οἰκέταις δὲ ἀποδρᾶσι τοὺς δεσπότας. 2.27.5. Ἐπιδαυρίοις δέ ἐστι θέατρον ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ μάλιστα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν θέας ἄξιον· τὰ μὲν γὰρ Ῥωμαίων πολὺ δή τι καὶ ὑπερῆρ κ ε τῶν πανταχοῦ τῷ κόσμῳ, μεγέθει δὲ Ἀρκάδων τὸ ἐν Μεγάλῃ πόλει· ἁρμονίας δὲ ἢ κάλλους ἕνεκα ἀρχιτέκτων ποῖος ἐς ἅμιλλαν Πολυκλείτῳ γένοιτʼ ἂν ἀξιόχρεως; Πολύκλειτος γὰρ καὶ θέατρον τοῦτο καὶ οἴκημα τὸ περιφερὲς ὁ ποιήσας ἦν. ἐντὸς δὲ τοῦ ἄλσους ναός τέ ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ ἄγαλμα Ἠπιόνης καὶ Ἀφροδίτης ἱερὸν καὶ Θέμιδος καὶ στάδιον, οἷα Ἕλλησι τὰ πολλὰ γῆς χῶμα, καὶ κρήνη τῷ τε ὀρόφῳ καὶ κόσμῳ τῷ λοιπῷ θέας ἀξία. 2.27.6. ὁπόσα δὲ Ἀντωνῖνος ἀνὴρ τῆς συγκλήτου βουλῆς ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐποίησεν, ἔστι μὲν Ἀσκληπιοῦ λουτρόν, ἔστι δὲ ἱερὸν θεῶν οὓς Ἐπιδώτας ὀνομάζουσιν· ἐποίησε δὲ καὶ Ὑγείᾳ ναὸν καὶ Ἀσκληπιῷ καὶ Ἀπόλλωνι ἐπίκλησιν Αἰγυπτίοις. καὶ ἦν γὰρ στοὰ καλουμένη Κότυος, καταρρυέντος δέ οἱ τοῦ ὀρόφου διέφθαρτο ἤδη πᾶσα ἅτε ὠμῆς τῆς πλίνθου ποιηθεῖσα· ἀνῳκοδόμησε καὶ ταύτην. Ἐπιδαυρίων δὲ οἱ περὶ τὸ ἱερὸν μάλιστα ἐταλαιπώρουν, ὅτι μήτε αἱ γυναῖκες ἐν σκέπῃ σφίσιν ἔτικτον καὶ ἡ τελευτὴ τοῖς κάμνουσιν ὑπαίθριος ἐγίνετο· ὁ δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἐπανορθούμενος κατεσκευάσατο οἴκησιν· ἐνταῦθα ἤδη καὶ ἀποθανεῖν ἀνθρώπῳ καὶ τεκεῖν γυναικὶ ὅσιον. 3.23.6. τούτοις μὲν τοιαῦτα ἀπήντησεν ἀσεβήσασι· τῇ δὲ Βοιαῶν ὅμορος Ἐπίδαυρός ἐστιν ἡ Λιμηρά, σταδίους ὡς διακοσίους ἀπέχουσα Ἐπιδηλίου. φασὶ δὲ οὐ Λακεδαιμονίων, τῶν δὲ ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι Ἐπιδαυρίων εἶναι, πλέοντες δὲ ἐς Κῶν παρὰ τὸν Ἀσκληπιὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοῦ προσσχεῖν τῆς Λακωνικῆς ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐξ ἐνυπνίων γενομένων σφίσι καταμείναντες οἰκῆσαι. 3.23.7. λέγουσι δὲ καὶ ὡς οἴκοθεν ἐκ τῆς Ἐπιδαύρου δράκοντα ἐπαγομένοις αὐτοῖς ἐξέφυγεν ἐκ τῆς νεὼς ὁ δράκων, ἐκφυγὼν δὲ οὐ πόρρω κατέδυ θαλάσσης, καί σφισιν ὁμοῦ τῶν ὀνειράτων τῇ ὄψει καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ σημείου τοῦ κατὰ τὸν δράκοντα ἔδοξεν αὐτόθι καταμείναντας οἰκῆσαι. καὶ ἔνθα ὁ δράκων κατέδυ, βωμοί τέ εἰσιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ καὶ ἐλαῖαι περὶ αὐτοὺς πεφύκασιν. 4.14.7. ἐπετράφη δὲ νεότης καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τῆς Μεσσηνίας, οἱ δὲ ἄριστοι καὶ ἀριθμὸν πλεῖστοι περὶ τὴν Ἀνδανίαν, ἐν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ Ἀριστομένης, ὃς καὶ νῦν ἔτι ὡς ἥρως ἔχει παρὰ Μεσσηνίοις τιμάς. καί οἱ καὶ τὰ τῆς γενέσεως ἐπιφανέστερα ὑπάρξαι νομίζουσι· Νικοτελείᾳ γὰρ τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ δαίμονα ἢ θεὸν δράκοντι εἰκασμένον συγγενέσθαι λέγουσι. τοιαῦτα δὲ καὶ Μακεδόνας ἐπὶ Ὀλυμπιάδι καὶ ἐπὶ Ἀριστοδάμᾳ Σικυωνίους οἶδα εἰρηκότας, διάφορα δὲ τοσόνδε ἦν· 4.14.8. Μεσσήνιοι γὰρ οὐκ ἐσποιοῦσιν Ἀριστομένην Ἡρακλεῖ παῖδα ἢ Διί, ὥσπερ Ἀλέξανδρον Ἄμμωνι οἱ Μακεδόνες καὶ Ἄρατον Ἀσκληπιῷ Σικυώνιοι· Ἀριστομένει δὲ πατέρα Ἑλλήνων μὲν οἱ πολλοὶ Πύρρον φασὶν εἶναι, Μεσσηνίους δὲ οἶδα αὐτὸς ἐπὶ ταῖς σπονδαῖς Ἀριστομένην Νικομήδους καλοῦντας. οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἀκμάζων ἡλικίᾳ καὶ τόλμῃ καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν ἐν τέλει παρώξυνον ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπόστασιν· ἐπράσσετο δὲ ταῦτα οὐκ εὐθὺς ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, κρύφα δὲ ἐς Ἄργος καὶ παρὰ τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἀπέστελλον, εἴ σφισιν ἀπροφασίστως καὶ μηδὲν ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ ἐπὶ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ προτέρου ἀμῦναι θελήσουσιν. 7.27.11. ἀπωτέρω δὲ οὐ πολὺ ἀπὸ τοῦ Μυσαίου ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιοῦ καλούμενον Κῦρος, καὶ ἰάματα ἀνθρώποις παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ γίνεται. ὕδωρ δὲ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀνέδην ἐστί, καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ μεγίστῃ τῶν πηγῶν τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἄγαλμα ἵδρυται. ποταμοὶ δὲ ἐκ τῶν ὀρῶν κατέρχονται τῶν ὑπὲρ τὴν Πελλήνην, πρὸς μὲν Αἰγείρας καλούμενος Κριός· ἔχειν δὲ αὐτὸν τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ Τιτᾶνος Κριοῦ· 10.38.13. τοῦ δὲ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὸ ἱερὸν ἐρείπια ἦν, ἐξ ἀρχῆς δὲ ᾠκοδόμησεν αὐτὸ ἀνὴρ ἰδιώτης Φαλύσιος . νοσήσαντι γάρ οἱ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ οὐ πολὺ ἀποδέον τυφλῷ ὁ ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ πέμπει θεὸς Ἀνύτην τὴν ποιήσασαν τὰ ἔπη φέρουσαν σεσημασμένην δέλτον. τοῦτο ἐφάνη τῇ γυναικὶ ὄψις ὀνείρατος, ὕπαρ μέντοι ἦν αὐτίκα· καὶ εὗρέ τε ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ ταῖς αὑτῆς σεσημασμένην δέλτον καὶ πλεύσασα ἐς τὴν Ναύπακτον ἐκέλευσεν ἀφελόντα τὴν σφραγῖδα Φαλύσιον ἐπιλέγεσθαι τὰ γεγραμμένα. τῷ δὲ ἄλλως μὲν οὐ δυνατὰ ἐφαίνετο ἰδεῖν τὰ γράμματα ἔχοντι οὕτω τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν· ἐλπίζων δέ τι ἐκ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ χρηστὸν ἀφαιρεῖ τὴν σφραγῖδα, καὶ ἰδὼν ἐς τὸν κηρὸν ὑγιής τε ἦν καὶ δίδωσι τῇ Ἀνύτῃ τὸ ἐν τῇ δέλτῳ γεγραμμένον, στατῆρας δισχιλίους χρυσοῦ.

2.2.8. There is also a temple of Fortune, with a standing image of Parian marble. Beside it is a sanctuary for all the gods. Hard by is built a fountain, on which is a bronze Poseidon; under the feet of Poseidon is a dolphin spouting water. There is also a bronze Apollo surnamed Clarius and a statue of Aphrodite made by Hermogenes of Cythera . There are two bronze, standing images of Hermes, for one of which a temple has been made. The images of Zeus also are in the open; one had not a surname, another they call Chthonius (of the Lower World) and the third Most High. 2.10.3. When you have entered you see the god, a beardless figure of gold and ivory made by Calamis. A famous early fifth century sculptor. He holds a staff in one hand, and a cone of the cultivated pine in the other. The Sicyonians say that the god was carried to them from Epidaurus on a carriage drawn by two mules, that he was in the likeness of a serpent, and that he was brought by Nicagora of Sicyon , the mother of Agasicles and the wife of Echetimus. Here are small figures hanging from the roof. She who is on the serpent they say is Aristodama, the mother of Aratus, whom they hold to be a son of Asclepius. 2.26.8. There is other evidence that the god was born in Epidaurus for I find that the most famous sanctuaries of Asclepius had their origin from Epidaurus . In the first place, the Athenians, who say that they gave a share of their mystic rites to Asclepius, call this day of the festival Epidauria, and they allege that their worship of Asclepius dates from then. Again, when Archias, son of Aristaechmus, was healed in Epidauria after spraining himself while hunting about Pindasus, he brought the cult to Pergamus . 2.26.9. From the one at Pergamus has been built in our own day the sanctuary of Asclepius by the sea at Smyrna . Further, at Balagrae of the Cyreneans there is an Asclepius called Healer, who like the others came from Epidaurus . From the one at Cyrene was founded the sanctuary of Asclepius at Lebene, in Crete . There is this difference between the Cyreneans and the Epidaurians, that whereas the former sacrifice goats, it is against the custom of the Epidaurians to do so. 2.27.1. The sacred grove of Asclepius is surrounded on all sides by boundary marks. No death or birth takes place within the enclosure the same custom prevails also in the island of Delos . All the offerings, whether the offerer be one of the Epidaurians themselves or a stranger, are entirely consumed within the bounds. At Titane too, I know, there is the same rule. 2.27.2. The image of Asclepius is, in size, half as big as the Olympian Zeus at Athens , and is made of ivory and gold. An inscription tells us that the artist was Thrasymedes, a Parian, son of Arignotus. The god is sitting on a seat grasping a staff; the other hand he is holding above the head of the serpent; there is also a figure of a dog lying by his side. On the seat are wrought in relief the exploits of Argive heroes, that of Bellerophontes against the Chimaera, and Perseus, who has cut off the head of Medusa. Over against the temple is the place where the suppliants of the god sleep. 2.27.3. Near has been built a circular building of white marble, called Tholos (Round House), which is worth seeing. In it is a picture by Pausias 1. A famous painter of Sicyon . representing Love, who has cast aside his bow and arrows, and is carrying instead of them a lyre that he has taken up. Here there is also another work of Pausias, Drunkenness drinking out of a crystal cup. You can see even in the painting a crystal cup and a woman's face through it. Within the enclosure stood slabs; in my time six remained, but of old there were more. On them are inscribed the names of both the men and the women who have been healed by Asclepius, the disease also from which each suffered, and the means of cure. The dialect is Doric. 2.27.4. Apart from the others is an old slab, which declares that Hippolytus dedicated twenty horses to the god. The Aricians tell a tale that agrees with the inscription on this slab, that when Hippolytus was killed, owing to the curses of Theseus, Asclepius raised him from the dead. On coming to life again he refused to forgive his father rejecting his prayers, he went to the Aricians in Italy . There he became king and devoted a precinct to Artemis, where down to my time the prize for the victor in single combat was the priesthood of the goddess. The contest was open to no freeman, but only to slaves who had run away from their masters. 2.27.5. The Epidaurians have a theater within the sanctuary, in my opinion very well worth seeing. For while the Roman theaters are far superior to those anywhere else in their splendor, and the Arcadian theater at Megalopolis is unequalled for size, what architect could seriously rival Polycleitus in symmetry and beauty? For it was Polycleitus Probably the younger artist of that name. who built both this theater and the circular building. Within the grove are a temple of Artemis, an image of Epione, a sanctuary of Aphrodite and Themis, a race-course consisting, like most Greek race-courses, of a bank of earth, and a fountain worth seeing for its roof and general splendour. 2.27.6. A Roman senator, Antoninus, made in our own day a bath of Asclepius and a sanctuary of the gods they call Bountiful. 138 or 161 A.D. He made also a temple to Health, Asclepius, and Apollo, the last two surnamed Egyptian. He moreover restored the portico that was named the Portico of Cotys, which, as the brick of which it was made had been unburnt, had fallen into utter ruin after it had lost its roof. As the Epidaurians about the sanctuary were in great distress, because their women had no shelter in which to be delivered and the sick breathed their last in the open, he provided a dwelling, so that these grievances also were redressed. Here at last was a place in which without sin a human being could die and a woman be delivered. 3.23.6. The country of the Boeatae is adjoined by Epidaurus Limera, distant some two hundred stades from Epidelium. The people say that they are not descended from the Lacedaemonians but from the Epidaurians of the Argolid , and that they touched at this point in Laconia when sailing on public business to Asclepius in Cos. Warned by dreams that appeared to them, they remained and settled here. 3.23.7. They also say that a snake, which they were bringing from their home in Epidaurus , escaped from the ship, and disappeared into the ground not far from the sea. As a result of the portent of the snake together with the vision in their dreams they resolved to remain and settle here. There are altars to Asclepius where the snake disappeared, with olive trees growing round them. 4.14.7. of the young men who had grown up in Messenia the best and most numerous were round Andania , and among them was Aristomenes, who to this day is worshipped as a hero among the Messenians. They think that even the circumstances of his birth were notable, for they assert that a spirit or a god united with his mother, Nicoteleia, in the form of a serpent. I know that the Macedonians tell a similar story about Olympias, and the Sicyonians about Aristodama, but there is this difference: 4.14.8. The Messenians do not make Aristomenes the son of Heracles or of Zeus, as the Macedonians do with Alexander and Ammon, and the Sicyonians with Aratus and Asclepius. Most of the Greeks say that Pyrrhus was the father of Aristomenes, but I myself know that in their libations the Messenians call him Aristomenes son of Nicomedes. He then, being in the full vigor of youth and courage, with others of the nobles incited them to revolt. This was not done openly at first, but they sent secretly to Argos and to the Arcadians, to ask if they were ready to help unhesitatingly and no less energetically than in the former war. 7.27.11. At no great distance from the Mysacum is a sanctuary of Asclepius, called Cyrus, where cures of patients are effected by the god. Here too there is a copious supply of water, and at the largest of the springs stands the image of Asclepius. Rivers come down from the mountains above Pellene , the one on the side nearest Aegeira being called Crius, after, it is said, a Titan of the same name. 10.38.13. The sanctuary of Asclepius I found in ruins, but it was originally built by a private person called Phalysius. For he had a complaint of the eyes, and when he was almost blind the god at Epidaurus sent to him the poetess Anyte, who brought with her a sealed tablet. The woman thought that the god's appearance was a dream, but it proved at once to be a waking vision. For she found in her own hands a sealed tablet; so sailing to Naupactus she bade Phalysius take away the seal and read what was written. He did not think it possible to read the writing with his eyes in such a condition, but hoping to get some benefit from Asclepius he took away the seal. When he had looked at the wax he recovered his sight, and gave to Anyte what was written on the tablet, two thousand staters of gold.

22. Philostratus The Athenian, Life of Apollonius, 1.7, 4.11, 4.34 (2nd cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 189, 199, 209

1.7. προϊὼν δὲ ἐς ἡλικίαν, ἐν ᾗ γράμματα, μνήμης τε ἰσχὺν ἐδήλου καὶ μελέτης κράτος, καὶ ἡ γλῶττα ̓Αττικῶς εἶχεν, οὐδ' ἀπήχθη τὴν φωνὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἔθνους, ὀφθαλμοί τε πάντες ἐς αὐτὸν ἐφέροντο, καὶ γὰρ περίβλεπτος ἦν τὴν ὥραν. γεγονότα δὲ αὐτὸν ἔτη τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα ἄγει ἐς Ταρσοὺς ὁ πατὴρ παρ' Εὐθύδημον τὸν ἐκ Φοινίκης. ὁ δὲ Εὐθύδημος ῥήτωρ τε ἀγαθὸς ἦν καὶ ἐπαίδευε τοῦτον, ὁ δὲ τοῦ μὲν διδασκάλου εἴχετο, τὸ δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἦθος ἄτοπόν τε ἡγεῖτο καὶ οὐ χρηστὸν ἐμφιλοσοφῆσαι, τρυφῆς τε γὰρ οὐδαμοῦ μᾶλλον ἅπτονται σκωπτόλαι τε καὶ ὑβρισταὶ πάντες καὶ δεδώκασι τῇ ὀθόνῃ μᾶλλον ἢ τῇ σοφίᾳ ̓Αθηναῖοι, ποταμός τε αὐτοὺς διαρρεῖ Κύδνος, ᾧ παρακάθηνται, καθάπερ τῶν ὀρνίθων οἱ ὑγροί. τό τοι“ παύσασθε μεθύοντες τῷ ὕδατι” ̓Απολλωνίῳ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἐν ἐπιστολῇ εἴρηται. μεθίστησιν οὖν τὸν διδάσκαλον δεηθεὶς τοῦ πατρὸς ἐς Αἰγὰς τὰς πλησίον, ἐν αἷς ἡσυχία τε πρόσφορος τῷ φιλοσοφήσοντι καὶ σπουδαὶ νεανικώτεραι καὶ ἱερὸν ̓Ασκληπιοῦ καὶ ὁ ̓Ασκληπιὸς αὐτὸς ἐπίδηλος τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. ἐνταῦθα ξυνεφιλοσόφουν μὲν αὐτῷ Πλατώνειοί τε καὶ Χρυσίππειοι καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ περιπάτου, διήκουε δὲ καὶ τῶν ̓Επικούρου λόγων, οὐδὲ γὰρ τούτους ἀπεσπούδαζε, τοὺς δέ γε Πυθαγορείους ἀρρήτῳ τινὶ σοφίᾳ ξυνέλαβε: διδάσκαλος μὲν γὰρ ἦν αὐτῷ τῶν Πυθαγόρου λόγων οὐ πάνυ σπουδαῖος, οὐδὲ ἐνεργῷ τῇ φιλοσοφίᾳ χρώμενος, γαστρός τε γὰρ ἥττων ἦν καὶ ἀφροδισίων καὶ κατὰ τὸν ̓Επίκουρον ἐσχημάτιστο: ἦν δὲ οὗτος Εὔξενος ὁ ἐξ ̔Ηρακλείας τοῦ Πόντου, τὰς δὲ Πυθαγόρου δόξας ἐγίγνωσκεν, ὥσπερ οἱ ὄρνιθες ἃ μανθάνουσι παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, τὸ γὰρ “χαῖρε” καὶ τὸ “εὖ πρᾶττε” καὶ τὸ “Ζεὺς ἵλεως” καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα οἱ ὄρνιθες εὔχονται οὔτε εἰδότες ὅ τι λέγουσιν οὔτε διακείμενοι πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἀλλὰ ἐρρυθμισμένοι τὴν γλῶτταν: ὁ δέ, ὥσπερ οἱ νέοι τῶν ἀετῶν ἐν ἁπαλῷ μὲν τῷ πτερῷ παραπέτονται τοῖς γειναμένοις αὐτοὺς μελετώμενοι ὑπ' αὐτῶν τὴν πτῆσιν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ αἴρεσθαι δυνηθῶσιν, ὑπερπέτονται τοὺς γονέας ἄλλως τε κἂν λίχνους αἴσθωνται καὶ κνίσης ἕνεκα πρὸς τῇ γῇ πετομένους, οὕτω καὶ ὁ ̓Απολλώνιος προσεῖχέ τε τῷ Εὐξένῳ παῖς ἔτι καὶ ἤγετο ὑπ' αὐτοῦ βαίνων ἐπὶ τοῦ λόγου, προελθὼν δὲ ἐς ἔτος δέκατον καὶ ἕκτον ὥρμησεν ἐπὶ τὸν τοῦ Πυθαγόρου βίον, πτερωθεὶς ἐπ' αὐτὸν ὑπό τινος κρείττονος. οὐ μὴν τόν γε Εὔξενον ἐπαύσατο ἀγαπῶν, ἀλλ' ἐξαιτήσας αὐτῷ προάστειον παρὰ τοῦ πατρός, ἐν ᾧ κῆποί τε ἁπαλοὶ ἦσαν καὶ πηγαί, “σὺ μὲν ζῆθι τὸν σεαυτοῦ τρόπον” ἔφη “ἐγὼ δὲ τὸν Πυθαγόρου ζήσομαι”. 4.11. καθήρας δὲ τοὺς ̓Εφεσίους τῆς νόσου καὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν ̓Ιωνίαν ἱκανῶς ἔχων ἐς τὴν ̔Ελλάδα ὥρμητο. βαδίσας οὖν ἐς τὸ Πέργαμον καὶ ἡσθεὶς τῷ τοῦ ̓Ασκληπιοῦ ἱερῷ τοῖς τε ἱκετεύουσι τὸν θεὸν ὑποθέμενος, ὁπόσα δρῶντες εὐξυμβόλων ὀνειράτων τεύξονται, πολλοὺς δὲ καὶ ἰασάμενος ἦλθεν ἐς τὴν ̓Ιλιάδα καὶ πάσης τῆς περὶ αὐτῶν ἀρχαιολογίας ἐμφορηθεὶς ἐφοίτησεν ἐπὶ τοὺς τῶν ̓Αχαιῶν τάφους, καὶ πολλὰ μὲν εἰπὼν ἐπ' αὐτοῖς, πολλὰ δὲ τῶν ἀναίμων τε καὶ καθαρῶν καθαγίσας τοὺς μὲν ἑταίρους ἐκέλευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν χωρεῖν, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ κολωνοῦ τοῦ ̓Αχιλλέως ἐννυχεύσειν ἔφη. δεδιττομένων οὖν τῶν ἑταίρων αὐτόν, καὶ γὰρ δὴ καὶ οἱ Διοσκορίδαι καὶ οἱ Φαίδιμοι καὶ ἡ τοιάδε ὁμιλία πᾶσα ξυνῆσαν ἤδη τῷ ̓Απολλωνίῳ, τόν τε ̓Αχιλλέα φοβερὸν ἔτι φασκόντων φαίνεσθαι, τουτὶ γὰρ καὶ τοὺς ἐν τῷ ̓Ιλίῳ περὶ αὐτοῦ πεπεῖσθαι “καὶ μὴν ἐγὼ” ἔφη “τὸν ̓Αχιλλέα σφόδρα οἶδα ταῖς ξυνουσίαις χαίροντα, τόν τε γὰρ Νέστορα τὸν ἐκ τῆς Πύλου μάλα ἠσπάζετο, ἐπειδὴ ἀεί τι αὐτῷ διῄει χρηστόν, τόν τε Φοίνικα τροφέα καὶ ὀπαδὸν καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα τιμᾶν ἐνόμιζεν, ἐπειδὴ διῆγεν αὐτὸν ὁ Φοῖνιξ λόγοις, καὶ τὸν Πρίαμον δὲ καίτοι πολεμιώτατον αὐτῷ ὄντα πρᾳότατα εἶδεν, ἐπειδὴ διαλεγομένου ἤκουσε, καὶ ̓Οδυσσεῖ δὲ ἐν διχοστασίᾳ ξυγγενόμενος οὕτω μέτριος ὤφθη, ὡς καλὸς τῷ ̓Οδυσσεῖ μᾶλλον ἢ φοβερὸς δόξαι. τὴν μὲν δὴ ἀσπίδα καὶ τὴν κόρυν τὴν δεινόν, ὥς φασι, νεύουσαν, ἐπὶ τοὺς Τρῶας οἶμαι αὐτῷ εἶναι μεμνημένῳ, ἃ ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἔπαθεν ἀπιστησάντων πρὸς αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ τοῦ γάμου, ἐγὼ δὲ οὔτε μετέχω τι τοῦ ̓Ιλίου διαλέξομαί τε αὐτῷ χαριέστερον ἢ οἱ τότε ἑταῖροι, κἂν ἀποκτείνῃ με, ὥς φατε, μετὰ Μέμνονος δήπου καὶ Κύκνου κείσομαι καὶ ἴσως με ἐν καπέτῳ κοίλῃ, καθάπερ τὸν ̔́Εκτορα, ἡ Τροία θάψει.” τοιαῦτα πρὸς τοὺς ἑταίρους ἀναμὶξ παίξας τε καὶ σπουδάσας προσέβαινε τῷ κολωνῷ μόνος, οἱ δὲ ἐβάδιζον ἐπὶ τὴν ναῦν ἑσπέρας ἤδη. 4.34. διατρίψας δ' ἐν τῇ Σπάρτῃ μετὰ τὴν ̓Ολυμπίαν χρόνον, ὡς ἐτελεύτα ὁ χειμών, ἐπὶ Μαλέαν ἦλθεν ἀρχομένου ἦρος, ὡς ἐς τὴν ̔Ρώμην ἀφήσων. διανοουμένῳ δ' αὐτῷ ταῦτα ἐγένετο ὄναρ τοιόνδε: ἐδόκει γυναῖκα μεγίστην τε καὶ πρεσβυτάτην περιβάλλειν αὐτὸν καὶ δεῖσθαί οἱ ξυγγενέσθαι, πρὶν ἐς ̓Ιταλοὺς πλεῦσαι, Διὸς δὲ εἶναι ἡ τροφὸς ἔλεγε καὶ ἦν αὐτῇ στέφανος πάντ' ἔχων τὰ ἐκ γῆς καὶ θαλάττης. λογισμὸν δὲ αὑτῷ διδοὺς τῆς ὄψεως ξυνῆκεν, ὅτι πλευστέα εἴη ἐς Κρήτην πρότερον, ἣν τροφὸν ἡγούμεθα τοῦ Διός, ἐπειδὴ ἐν ταύτῃ ἐμαιεύθη, ὁ δὲ στέφανος καὶ ἄλλην ἴσως δηλώσαι νῆσον. οὐσῶν δὲ ἐν Μαλέᾳ νεῶν πλειόνων, αἳ ἐς Κρήτην ἀφήσειν ἔμελλον, ἐνέβη ναῦν ἀποχρῶσαν τῷ κοινῷ: κοινὸν δὲ ἐκάλει τούς τε ἑταίρους καὶ τοὺς τῶν ἑταίρων δούλους, οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκείνους παρεώρα. προσπλεύσας δὲ Κυδωνίᾳ καὶ παραπλεύσας ἐς Κνωσσὸν τὸν μὲν Λαβύρινθον, ὃς ἐκεῖ δείκνυται, ξυνεῖχε δέ, οἶμαί, ποτε τὸν Μινώταυρον, βουλομένων ἰδεῖν τῶν ἑταίρων, ἐκείνοις μὲν ξυνεχώρει τοῦτο, αὐτὸς δὲ οὐκ ἂν ἔφη θεατὴς γενέσθαι τῆς ἀδικίας τοῦ Μίνω. προῄει δὲ ἐπὶ Γόρτυναν πόθῳ τῆς ̓́Ιδης. ἀνελθὼν οὖν καὶ τοῖς θεολογουμένοις ἐντυχὼν ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τὸ Λεβηναῖον: ἔστι δὲ ̓Ασκληπιοῦ καὶ ὥσπερ ἡ ̓Ασία ἐς τὸ Πέργαμον, οὕτως ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ξυνεφοίτα ἡ Κρήτη, πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ Λιβύων ἐς αὐτὸ περαιοῦνται: καὶ γὰρ τέτραπται πρὸς τὸ Λιβυκὸν πέλαγος κατὰ γοῦν τὴν Φαιστόν, ἔνθα τὴν πολλὴν ἀνείργει θάλατταν ὁ μικρὸς λίθος. Λεβηναῖον δὲ τὸ ἱερὸν ὠνομάσθαι φασίν, ἐπειδὴ ἀκρωτήριον ἐξ αὐτοῦ κατατείνει λέοντι εἰκασμένον, οἷα πολλὰ αἱ ξυντυχίαι τῶν πετρῶν ἀποφαίνουσι, μῦθόν τε ἐπὶ τῷ ἀκρωτηρίῳ ᾅδουσιν, ὡς λέων εἷς οὗτος γένοιτο τῶν ὑποζυγίων ποτὲ τῇ ̔Ρέᾳ. ἐνταῦθα διαλεγομένου ποτὲ τοῦ ̓Απολλωνίου περὶ μεσημβρίαν, διελέγετο δὲ πολλοῖς ἀνδράσιν, ὑφ' ὧν τὸ ἱερὸν ἐθεραπεύετο, σεισμὸς ἀθρόως τῇ Κρήτῃ προσέβαλε, βροντὴ δὲ οὐκ ἐκ νεφῶν, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῆς γῆς ὑπήχησεν, ἡ θάλαττα δὲ ὑπενόστησε στάδια ἴσως ἑπτά. καὶ οἱ μὲν πολλοὶ ἔδεισαν, μὴ τὸ πέλαγος ὑποχωρῆσαν ἐπισπάσηται τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ ἀπενεχθῶσιν, ὁ δὲ ̓Απολλώνιος “θαρσεῖτε”, ἔφη “ἡ γὰρ θάλαττα γῆν ἔτεκε”. καὶ οἱ μὲν ᾤοντο αὐτὸν τὴν ὁμόνοιαν τῶν στοιχείων λέγειν, καὶ ὅτι μηδὲν ἂν ἡ θάλαττα νεώτερον ἐς τὴν γῆν ἐργάσαιτο, μετὰ δὲ ἡμέρας ὀλίγας ἀφικόμενοί τινες ἐκ τῆς Κυδωνιάτιδος ἤγγειλαν, ὅτι κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τε καὶ μεσημβρίαν, ἣν ἐγένετο ἡ διοσημία, νῆσος ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης ἀνεδόθη περὶ τὸν πορθμὸν τὸν διαρρἐοντα Θήραν τε καὶ Κρήτην. ἐάσαντες οὖν λόγων μῆκος ἔλθωμεν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς ἐν ̔Ρώμῃ σπουδάς, αἳ ἐγένοντο αὐτῷ μετὰ τὰ ἐν Κρήτῃ.

1.7. ON reaching the age when children are taught their letters, he showed great strength of memory and power of application; and his tongue affected the Attic dialect, nor was his accent corrupted by the race he lived among. All eyes were turned upon him, for he was, moreover, conspicuous for his beauty. When he reached his fourteenth year, his father brought him to Tarsus, to Euthydemus the teacher from Phoenicia. Now Euthydemus was a good rhetor, and began his education; but, though he was attached to his teacher, he found the atmosphere of the city harsh and strange and little conducive to the philosophic life, for nowhere are men more addicted than here to luxury; jesters and full of insolence are they all; and they attend more to their fine linen than the Athenians did to wisdom; and a stream called the Cydnus runs through their city, along the banks of which they sit like so many water-fowl. Hence the words which Apollonius addresses to them in his letter: Be done with getting drunk upon your water. He therefore transferred his teacher, with his father's consent, to the town of Aegae, which was close by, where he found a peace congenial to one who would be a philosopher, and a more serious school of study and a sanctuary of Asclepius, where that god reveals himself in person to men. There he had as his companions in philosophy followers of Plato and Chrysippus and peripatetic philosophers. And he diligently attended also to the discourses of Epicurus, for he did not despise these either, although it was to those of Pythagoras that he applied himself with unspeakable wisdom and ardor. However, his teacher of the Pythagorean system was not a very serious person, nor one who practiced in his conduct the philosophy he taught; for he was the slave of his belly and appetites, and modeled himself upon Epicurus. And this man was Euxenus from the town of Heraclea in Pontus, and he knew the principles of Pythagoras just as birds know what they learn from men; for the birds will wish you farewell, and say Good day or Zeus help you, and such like, without understanding what they say and without any real sympathy for mankind, merely because they have been trained to move their tongue in a certain manner. Apollonius, however, was like the young eagles who, as long as they are not fully fledged, fly alongside of their parents and are trained by them in flight, but who, as soon as they are able to rise in the air, outsoar the parent birds, especially when they perceive the latter to be greedy and to be flying along the ground in order to snuff the quarry; like them Apollonius attended Euxenus as long as he was a child and was guided by him in the path of argument, but when he reached his sixteenth year he indulged his impulse towards the life of Pythagoras, being fledged and winged thereto by some higher power. Notwithstanding he did not cease to love Euxenus, nay, he persuaded his father to present him with a villa outside the town, where there were tender groves and fountains, and he said to him: Now you live there your own life, but I will live that of Pythagoras. 4.11. Having purged the Ephesians of the plague, and having had enough of the people of Ionia, he started for Hellas. Having made his way then to Pergamum, and being pleased with the sanctuary of Asclepius, he gave hints to the supplicants of the god, what to do in order to obtain favorable dreams; and having healed many of them he came to the land of Ilium. And when his mind was glutted with all the traditions of their past, he went to visit the tombs of the Achaeans, and he delivered himself of many speeches over them, and he offered many sacrifices of a bloodless and pure kind; and then he bade his companions go on board ship, for he himself, he said, must spend a night on the mound of Achilles. Now his companions tried to deter him — for in fact the Dioscoridae and the Phaedimi, and a whole company of such already followed in the train of Apollonius — alleging that Achilles was still dreadful as a phantom; for such was the conviction about him of the inhabitants of Ilium. Nevertheless, said Apollonius, I know Achilles well and that he thoroughly delights in company; for he heartily welcomed Nestor when he came from Pylos, because he always had something useful to tell him; and he used to honor Phoenix with the title of foster-father and companion and so forth, because Phoenix entertained him with his talk; and he looked most mildly upon Priam also, although he was his bitterest enemy, so soon as he heard him talk; and when in the course of a quarrel he had an interview with Odysseus, he made himself so gracious that Odysseus thought him more handsome than terrible.For, I think that his shield and his plumes that wave so terribly, as they say, are a menace to the Trojans, because he can never forget what he suffered at their hands, when they played him false over the marriage. But I have nothing in common with Ilium, and I shall talk to him more pleasantly than his former companions; and if he slays me, as you say he will, why then I shall repose with Memnon and Cycnus, and perhaps Troy will bury me in a hollow sepulcher as they did Hector. Such were his words to his companions, half playful and half serious, as he went up alone to the barrow; but they went on board ship, for it was already evening. 4.34. He stayed in Sparta for some time after the Olympic Festival, until the winter was over; and at the beginning of the spring proceeded to Malea with the intention of setting out for Rome. But while he was still pondering this project, he had the following dream: It seemed as if a woman both very tall and venerable in years embraced him, and asked him to visit her before he set sail for Italy; and she said that she was the nurse of Zeus, and she wore a wreath that held everything that is on the earth or in the seas. He proceeded to ponder the meaning of the vision, and came to the conclusion that he ought first to sail to Crete, which we regard as the nurse of Zeus, because in that island Zeus was born; although the wreath might perhaps indicate some other island. Now there were several ships at Malea, making ready to set sail to Crete, so he embarked upon one sufficient for his association, which is the title he gave to his companions, and also his companions' servants, for he did not think it right to pass over the latter. And he bent his course for Cydonia, and sailed past that place to Knossus, where a labyrinth is shown, which, I believe, once on a time, contained the Minotaur. As his companions were anxious to see this he allowed them to do so, but refused himself to be a spectator of the injustice of Minos, and continued his course to Gortyna because he longed to visit Ida. He accordingly climbed up, and after visiting the sacred sites he passed on to the shrine of Lebena. And this is a shrine of Asclepius, and just as the whole of Asia flocks to Pergamon, so the whole of Crete flocked to this shrine; and many Libyans also cross the sea to visit it, for it faces towards the Libyan sea close to Phaestus, where the little rock keeps out a might sea. And they say that this shrine is named that of Lebena, because a promontory juts out from it which resembles a lion, for here, as often, a chance arrangement of the rocks suggests an animal form; and they tell a story about this promontory, how it was once one of the lion which were yoked in the chariot of Rhea. Here Apollonius was haranguing on one occasion about midday, and was addressing quite a number of people who were worshipping at the shrine, when an earthquake shook the whole of Crete at once, and a roar of thunder was heard to issue not from the clouds but from the earth, and the sea receded about seven stadia. And most of them were afraid that the sea by receding in this way would drag the temple after it, so that they would be carried away. But Apollonius said: Be of good courage, for the sea has given birth and brought forth land. And they thought that he was alluding to the harmony of the elements, and was urging that the sea would never wreak any violence upon the land; but after a few days some travelers arrived from Cydoniatis and announced that on the very day on which this portent occurred and just at the same hour of midday, an island rose out of the sea in the firth between Thera and Crete. However, I must give up all prolixity and hurry on to relate the conversations which he held in Rome, subsequently to his stay in Crete.

23. Philostratus The Athenian, Lives of The Sophists, 1.25, 2.4, 2.25 (2nd cent. CE - missingth cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 173, 174, 199, 209

1.25. πολέμων δὲ ὁ σοφιστὴς οὔθ', ὡς οἱ πολλοὶ δοκοῦσι, Σμυρναῖος, οὔθ', ὥς τινες, ἐκ Φρυγῶν, ἀλλὰ ἤνεγκεν αὐτὸν Λαοδίκεια ἡ ἐν Καρίᾳ, ποταμῷ πρόσοικος Λύκῳ, μεσογεία μέν, δυνατωτέρα δὲ τῶν ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ. ἡ μὲν δὴ τοῦ Πολέμωνος οἰκία πολλοὶ ὕπατοι καὶ ἔτι, ἐρασταὶ δὲ αὐτοῦ πολλαὶ μὲν πόλεις, διαφερόντως δὲ ἡ Σμύρνα: οὗτοι γὰρ ἐκ μειρακίου κατιδόντες τι ἐν αὐτῷ μέγα πάντας τοὺς οἴκοι στεφάνους ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ Πολέμωνος κεφαλὴν συνήνεγκαν, αὐτῷ τε ψηφισάμενοι καὶ γένει τὰ οἴκοι ζηλωτά, προκαθῆσθαι γὰρ τῶν ̓Αδριανῶν ̓Ολυμπίων ἔδοσαν τῷ ἀνδρὶ καὶ ἐγγόνοις, καὶ τῆς ἱερᾶς τριήρους ἐπιβατεύειν. πέμπεται γάρ τις μηνὶ ̓Ανθεστηριῶνι μεταρσία τριήρης ἐς ἀγοράν, ἣν ὁ τοῦ Διονύσου ἱερεύς, οἷον κυβερνήτης, εὐθύνει πείσματα ἐκ θαλάττης λύουσαν. ̓Ενσπουδάζων δὲ τῇ Σμύρνῃ τάδε αὐτὴν ὤνησεν: πρῶτα μὲν τὴν πόλιν πολυανθρωποτάτην αὑτῆς φαίνεσθαι, νεότητος αὐτῇ ἐπιρρεούσης ἐξ ἠπείρων τε καὶ νήσων οὐκ ἀκολάστου καὶ ξυγκλύδος, ἀλλ' ἔξειλεγμένης τε καὶ καθαρᾶς ̔Ελλάδος, ἔπειτα ὁμονοοῦσαν καὶ ἀστασίαστον πολιτεύειν, τὸν γὰρ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνον ἐστασίαζεν ἡ Σμύρνα καὶ διεστήκεσαν οἱ ἄνω πρὸς τοὺς ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ. πλείστου δὲ ἄξιος τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ πρεσβευτικὰ ἐγένετο φοιτῶν παρὰ τοὺς αὐτοκράτορας καὶ προαγωνιζόμενος τῶν ἠθῶν. ̓Αδριανὸν γοῦν προσκείμενον τοῖς ̓Εφεσίοις οὕτω τι μετεποίησε τοῖς Σμυρναίοις, ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ μυριάδας χιλίας ἐπαντλῆσαι αὐτὸν τῇ Σμύρνῃ, ἀφ' ὧν τά τε τοῦ σίτου ἐμπόρια ἐξεποιήθη καὶ γυμνάσιον τῶν κατὰ τὴν ̓Ασίαν μεγαλοπρεπέστατον καὶ νεὼς τηλεφανὴς ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἄκρας ἀντικεῖσθαι δοκῶν τῷ Μίμαντι. καὶ μὴν καὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτανομένοις δημοσίᾳ ἐπιπλήττων καὶ κατὰ σοφίαν πλεῖστα νουθετῶν ὠφέλει, ὕβριν τε ὁμοίως ἐξῄρει καὶ ἀγερωχίαν πᾶσαν, τοσούτῳ πλέον, ὅσῳ μηδὲ τοῦ ̓Ιωνικοῦ ἀπεθίζειν ὠφέλει δὲ κἀκεῖνα δήπου: τὰς δίκας τὰς πρὸς ἀλλήλους οὐκ ἄλλοσέ ποι ἐκφοιτᾶν εἴα, ἀλλ' οἴκοι ἔπαυεν. λέγω δὲ τὰς ὑπέρ χρημάτων, τὰς γὰρ ἐπὶ μοιχοὺς καὶ ἱεροσύλους καὶ σφαγέας, ὧν ἀμελουμένων ἄγη φύεται, οὐκ ἐξάγειν παρεκελεύετο μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξωθεῖν τῆς Σμύρνης, δικαστοῦ γὰρ δεῖσθαι αὐτὰς ξίφος ἔχοντος. καὶ ἡ αἰτία δέ, ἣν ἐκ τῶν πολλῶν εἶχεν, ὡς ὁδοιποροῦντι αὐτῷ πολλὰ μὲν σκευοφόρα ἕποιτο, πολλοὶ δὲ ἵπποι, πολλοὶ δὲ οἰκέται, πολλὰ δὲ ἔθνη κυνῶν ἄλλα ἐς ἄλλην θήραν, αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπὶ ζεύγους ἀργυροχαλίνου Φρυγίου τινὸς ἢ Κελτικοῦ πορεύοιτο, εὔκλειαν τῇ Σμύρνῃ ἔπραττεν: πόλιν γὰρ δὴ λαμπρύνει μὲν ἀγορὰ καὶ κατασκευὴ μεγαλοπρεπὴς οἰκοδομημάτων, λαμπρύνει δὲ οἰκία εὖ πράττουσα, οὐ γὰρ μόνον δίδωσι πόλις ἀνδρὶ ὄνομα, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὴ ἄρνυται ἐξ ἀνδρός. ἐπεσκοπεῖτο δὲ καὶ τὴν Λαοδίκειαν ὁ Πολέμων θαμίζων ἐς τὸν ἑαυτοῦ οἶκον καὶ δημοσίᾳ ὠφελῶν ὅ τι ἠδύνατο. τὰ δὲ ἐκ βασιλέων αὐτῷ τοιαῦτα: Τραιανὸς μὲν αὐτοκράτωρ ἀτελῆ πορεύεσθαι διὰ γῆς καὶ θαλάττης, ̓Αδριανὸς δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἀπ' αὐτοῦ πᾶσιν, ̔ἐγ̓κατέλεξε δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ τῷ τοῦ Μουσείου κύκλῳ ἐς τὴν Αἰγυπτίαν σίτησιν, ἐπί τε τῆς ̔Ρώμης ἀπαιτουμένου πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μυριάδας ὑπεραπέδωκε ταῦτα τὰ χρήματα οὔτε εἰπόντος, ὡς δέοιτο, οὔτε προειπών, ὡς δώσοι. αἰτιωμένης δὲ αὐτὸν τῆς Σμύρνης, ὡς πολλὰ τῶν ἐπιδοθέντων σφίσιν ἐκ βασιλέως χρημάτων ἐς τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ἡδὺ καταθέμενον ἔπεμψεν ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ ἐπιστολὴν ὧδε ξυγκειμένην: “πολέμων τῶν ἐπιδοθέντων ὑμῖν χρημάτων ὑπ' ἐμοῦ ἐμοὶ τοὺς λογισμοὺς ἔδωκεν.” ταῦτα δὲ εἰ καὶ συγγνώμην ἐρεῖ τις, οὐκ ἦν δήπου συγγνώμην αὐτὸν τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς χρήμασι μὴ οὐκ ἐς τὸ προὖχον τῆς ἄλλης ἀρετῆς εὑρέσθαι. τὸ δὲ ̓Αθήνησιν ̓Ολύμπιον δι' ἑξήκοντα καὶ πεντακοσίων ἐτῶν ἀποτελεσθὲν καθιερώσας ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ, ὡς χρόνου μέγα ἀγώνισμα, ἐκέλευσε καὶ τὸν Πολέμωνα ἐφυμνῆσαι τῇ θυσίᾳ. ὁ δέ, ὥσπερ εἰώθει, στήσας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐπὶ τὰς ἤδη παρισταμένας ἐννοίας ἐπαφῆκεν ἑαυτὸν τῷ λόγῳ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς κρηπῖδος τοῦ νεὼ διελέχθη πολλὰ καὶ θαυμάσια, προοίμιον ποιούμενος τοῦ λόγου τὸ μὴ ἀθεεὶ τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ ὁρμὴν γενέσθαι οἱ. διήλλαξε δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ τὸν ἑαυτοῦ παῖδα ̓Αντωνῖνον ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ ἐν τῇ τοῦ σκήπτρου παραδόσει θεὸς ἐκ θνητοῦ γιγνόμενος. τουτὶ δὲ ὁποῖον, ἀνάγκη δηλῶσαι: ἦρξε μὲν γὰρ δὴ πάσης ὁμοῦ ̓Ασίας ὁ ̓Αντωνῖνος, καὶ κατέλυσεν ἐν τῇ τοῦ Πολέμωνος οἰκίᾳ ὡς ἀρίστῃ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν καὶ ἀρίστου ἀνδρός, νύκτωρ δὲ ἐξ ἀποδημίας ἥκων ὁ Πολέμων ἐβόα ἐπὶ θύραις, ὡς δεινὰ πάσχοι τῶν ἑαυτοῦ εἰργόμενος, εἶτα συνηνάγκασε τὸν ̓Αντωνῖνον ἐς ἑτέραν οἰκίαν μετασκευάσασθαι. ταῦτα ἐγίγνωσκε μὲν ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ, ἠρώτα δὲ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν οὐδέν, ὡς μὴ ἀναδέροιτο, ἀλλ' ἐνθυμηθεὶς τὰ μετ' αὐτὸν καὶ ὅτι πολλάκις καὶ τὰς ἡμέρους ἐκκαλοῦνται φύσεις οἱ προσκείμενοί τε καὶ παροξύνοντες, ἔδεισε περὶ τῷ Πολέμωνι, ὅθεν ἐν ταῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς βασιλείας διαθήκαις “καὶ Πολέμων ὁ σοφιστὴς” ἔφη “ξύμβουλος τῆς διανοίας ἐμοὶ ταύτης ἐγένετο,” τῷ καὶ χάριν ὡς εὐεργέτῃ πράττειν τὴν συγγνώμην ἐκ περιουσίας ἑτοιμάζων. καὶ ὁ ̓Αντωνῖνος ἠστείζετο μὲν πρὸς τὸν Πολέμωνα περὶ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν ἐνδεικνύμενός που τὸ μὴ ἐκλελῆσθαι, ταῖς δὲ ἑκάστοτε τιμαῖς ἐπὶ μέγα ἦρεν ἐγγυώμενός που τὸ μὴ μεμνῆσθαι. ἠστείζετο δὲ τάδε: ἐς τὴν πόλιν ἥκοντος τοῦ Πολέμωνος περιβαλὼν αὐτὸν ̓Αντωνῖνος “δότε” ἔφη “Πολέμωνι καταγωγήν, καὶ μηδεὶς αὐτὸν ἐκβάλῃ.” ὑποκριτοῦ δὲ τραγῳδίας ἀπὸ τῶν κατὰ τὴν ̓Ασίαν ̓Ολυμπίων, οἷς ἐπεστάτει ὁ Πολέμων, ἐφιέναι φήσαντος, ἐξελαθῆναι γὰρ παρ' αὐτοῦ κατ' ἀρχὰς τοῦ δράματος, ἤρετο ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ τὸν ὑποκριτήν, πηνίκα εἴη, ὅτε τῆς σκηνῆς ἠλάθη, τοῦ δὲ εἰπόντος, ὡς μεσημβρία τυγχάνοι οὖσα, μάλα ἀστείως ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ “ἐμὲ δὲ” εἶπεν “ἀμφὶ μέσας νύκτας ἐξήλασε τῆς οἰκίας, καὶ οὐκ ἐφῆκα.” ἐχέτω μοι καὶ ταῦτα δήλωσιν βασιλέως τε πρᾴου καὶ ἀνδρὸς ὑπέρφρονος. ὑπέρφρων γὰρ δὴ οὕτω τι ὁ Πολέμων, ὡς πόλεσι μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ προὔχοντος, δυνασταῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ ὑφειμένου, θεοῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου διαλέγεσθαι. ̓Αθηναίοις μὲν γὰρ ἐπιδεικνύμενος αὐτοσχεδίους λόγους, ὅτε καὶ πρῶτον ̓Αθήναζε ἀφίκετο, οὐκ ἐς ἐγκώμια κατέστησεν ἑαυτὸν τοῦ ἄστεος, τοσούτων ὄντων, ἅ τις ὑπὲρ ̓Αθηναίων ἂν εἴποι, οὐδ' ὑπὲρ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ δόξης ἐμακρηγόρησε, καίτοι καὶ τῆς τοιᾶσδε ἰδέας ὠφελούσης τοὺς σοφιστὰς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιδείξεσιν, ἀλλ' εὖ γιγνώσκων, ὅτι τὰς ̓Αθηναίων φύσεις ἐπικόπτειν χρὴ μᾶλλον ἢ ἐπαίρειν διελέχθη ὧδε: “φασὶν ὑμᾶς, ὦ ̓Αθηναῖοι, σοφοὺς εἶναι ἀκροατὰς λόγων: εἴσομαι.” ἀνδρὸς δέ, ὃς ἦρχε μὲν Βοσπόρου, πᾶσαν δὲ ̔Ελληνικὴν παίδευσιν ἥρμοστο, καθ' ἱστορίαν τῆς ̓Ιωνίας ἐς τὴν Σμύρναν ἥκοντος οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἔταξεν ἑαυτὸν ἐν τοῖς θεραπεύουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ δεομένου ξυνεῖναί οἱ θαμὰ ἀνεβαλλετο, ἕως ἠνάγκασε τὸν βασιλέα ἐπὶ θύρας ἀφικέσθαι ἀπάγοντα μισθοῦ δέκα τάλαντα. ἥκων δὲ ἐς τὸ Πέργαμον, ὅτε δὴ τὰ ἄρθρα ἐνόσει, κατέδαρθε μὲν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ, ἐπιστάντος δὲ αὐτῷ τοῦ ̓Ασκληπιοῦ καὶ προειπόντος ἀπέχεσθαι ψυχροῦ ποτοῦ ὁ Πολέμων “βέλτιστε,” εἶπεν “εἰ δὲ βοῦν ἐθεράπευες;” τὸ δὲ μεγαλόγνωμον τοῦτο καὶ φρονηματῶδες ἐκ Τιμοκράτους ἔσπασε τοῦ φιλοσόφου, συγγενόμενος αὐτῷ ἥκοντι ἐς ̓Ιωνίαν ἐτῶν τεττάρων. οὐ χεῖρον δὲ καὶ τὸν Τιμοκράτην δηλῶσαι: ἦν μὲν γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ Πόντου ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ πατρὶς ̔Ηράκλεια τὰ ̔Ελλήνων ἐπαινοῦντες, ἐφιλοσόφει δὲ κατ' ἀρχὰς μὲν τοὺς ἰατρικοὺς τῶν λόγων, εἰδὼς εὖ τὰς ̔Ιπποκράτους τε καὶ Δημοκρίτου δόξας, ἐπεὶ δὲ ἤκουσεν Εὐφράτου τοῦ Τυρίου, πλήρεσιν ἱστίοις ἐς τὴν ἐκείνου φιλοσοφίαν ἀφῆκεν. ἐπιχολώτερος δὲ οὕτω τι ἦν τοῦ ξυμμέτρου, ὡς ὑπανίστασθαι αὐτῷ διαλεγομένῳ τήν τε γενειάδα καὶ τὰς ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ χαίτας, ὥσπερ τῶν λεόντων ἐν ταῖς ὁρμαῖς. τῆς δὲ γλώττης εὐφόρως εἶχε καὶ σφοδρῶς καὶ ἑτοίμως, διὸ καὶ τῷ Πολέμωνι πλείστου ἦν ἄξιος ἀσπαζομένῳ τὴν τοιάνδε ἐπιφορὰν τοῦ λόγου. διαφορᾶς γοῦν τῷ Τιμοκράτει πρὸς τὸν Σκοπελιανὸν γενομένης ὡς ἐκδεδωκότα ἑαυτὸν πίττῃ καὶ παρατιλτρίαις διέστη μὲν ἡ ἐνομιλοῦσα νεότης τῇ Σμύρνῃ, ὁ δὲ Πολέμων ἀμφοῖν ἀκροώμενος τῶν τοῦ Τιμοκράτους στασιωτῶν ἐγένετο πατέρα καλῶν αὐτὸν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ γλώττης. ἀπολογούμενος δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν πρὸς Φαβωρῖνον λόγων εὐλαβῶς ὑπέστειλε καὶ ὑφειμένως, ὥσπερ τῶν παίδων οἱ τὰς ἐκ τῶν διδασκάλων πληγάς, εἴ τι ἀτακτήσειαν, δεδιότες. τῷ δὲ ὑφειμένῳ τούτῳ καὶ πρὸς τὸν Σκοπελιανὸν ἐχρήσατο χρόνῳ ὕστερον, πρεσβεύειν μὲν χειροτονηθεὶς ὑπὲρ τῶν Σμυρναίων, ὡς ὅπλα δὲ ̓Αχίλλεια τὴν ἐκείνου πειθὼ αἰτήσας. ̔Ηρώδῃ δὲ τῷ ̓Αθηναίῳ πὴ μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑφειμένου, πὴ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑπεραίροντος ξυνεγένετο. ὅπως δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἔσχε, δηλῶσαι βούλομαι, καλὰ γὰρ καὶ μεμνῆσθαι ἄξια: ἤρα μὲν γὰρ τοῦ αὐτοσχεδιάζειν ὁ ̔Ηρώδης μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ ὕπατός τε καὶ ἐξ ὑπάτων δοκεῖν, τὸν Πολέμωνα δὲ οὔπω γιγνώσκων ἀφῖκτο μὲν ἐς τὴν σμύρναν ἐπὶ ξυνουσίᾳ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς κατὰ χρόνους, οὓς τὰς ἐλευθέρας τῶν πόλεων αὐτὸς διωρθοῦτο, περιβαλὼν δὲ καὶ ὑπερασπασάμενος ὁμοῦ τῷ τὸ στόμα ἀφελεῖν τοῦ στόματος “πότε,” εἶπεν “ὦ πάτερ, ἀκροασόμεθά σου;” καὶ ὁ μὲν δὴ ᾤετο ἀναβαλεῖσθαι αὐτὸν τὴν ἀκρόασιν ὀκνεῖν φήσαντα ἐπ' ἀνδρὸς τοιούτου ἀποκινδυνεύειν, ὁ δὲ οὐδὲν πλασάμενος “τήμερον” ἔφη “ἀκροῶ, καὶ ἴωμεν.” τοῦτο ἀκούσας ὁ ̔Ηρώδης ἐκπλαγῆναί φησι τὸν ἄνδρα, ὡς καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν αὐτοσχέδιον καὶ τὴν γνώμην. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν φρόνημα ἐνδείκνυται τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καί, νὴ Δία, σοφίαν, ᾗ ἐς τὴν ἔκπληξιν ἐχρήσατο, ἐκεῖνα δὲ σωφροσύνην τε καὶ κόσμον: ἀφικόμενον γὰρ ἐς τὴν ἐπίδειξιν ἐδέξατο ἐπαίνῳ μακρῷ καὶ ἐπαξίῳ τῶν ̔Ηρώδου λόγων τε καὶ ἔργων. τὴν δὲ σκηνὴν τοῦ ἀνδρός, ᾗ ἐς τὰς μελέτας ἐχρήσατο, ἔστι μὲν καὶ ̔Ηρώδου μαθεῖν ἐν μιᾷ τῶν πρὸς τὸν Βᾶρον ἐπιστολῇ εἰρημένων, δηλώσω δὲ κἀγὼ ἐκεῖθεν: παρῄει μὲν ἐς τὰς ἐπιδείξεις διακεχυμένῳ τῷ προσώπῳ καὶ τεθαρρηκότι, φοράδην δὲ ἐσεφοίτα διεφθορότων αὐτῷ ἤδη τῶν ἄρθρων. καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις οὐκ ἐς τὸ κοινὸν ἐπεσκοπεῖτο, ἀλλ' ἐξιὼν τοῦ ὁμίλου βραχὺν καιρόν. φθέγμα δὲ ἦν αὐτῷ λαμπρὸν καὶ ἐπίτονον καὶ κρότος θαυμάσιος οἷος ἀπεκτύπει τῆς γλώττης. φησὶ δὲ αὐτὸν ὁ ̔Ηρώδης καὶ ἀναπηδᾶν τοῦ θρόνου περὶ τὰς ἀκμὰς τῶν ὑποθέσεων, τοσοῦτον αὐτῷ περιεῖναι ὁρμῆς, καὶ ὅτε ἀποτορνεύοι περίοδον, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν αὐτῆς κῶλον σὺν μειδιάματι φέρειν, ἐνδεικνύμενον πολὺ τὸ ἀλύπως φράζειν, καὶ κροαίνειν ἐν τοῖς τῶν ὑποθέσεων χωρίοις οὐδὲν μεῖον τοῦ ̔Ομηρικοῦ ἵππου. ἀκροᾶσθαι δὲ αὐτοῦ τὴν μὲν πρώτην, ὡς οἱ δικάζοντες, τὴν δὲ ἐφεξῆς, ὡς οἱ ἐρῶντες, τὴν δὲ τρίτην, ὡς οἱ θαυμάζοντες, καὶ γὰρ δὴ καὶ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ξυγγενέσθαι οἱ. ἀναγράφει καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις ὁ ̔Ηρώδης, ἐφ' αἷς ξυνεγένετο: ἦν τοίνυν ἡ μὲν πρώτη Δημοσθένης ἐξομνύμενος ταλάντων πεντήκοντα δωροδοκίαν, ἣν ἦγεν ἐπ' αὐτὸν Δημάδης, ὡς ̓Αλεξάνδρου τοῦτο ̓Αθηναίοις ἐκ τῶν Δαρείου λογισμῶν ἐπεσταλκότος, ἡ δὲ ἐφεξῆς τὰ τρόπαια κατέλυε τὰ ̔Ελληνικὰ τοῦ Πελοποννησίου πολέμου ἐς διαλλαγὰς ἥκοντος, ἡ δὲ τρίτη τῶν ὑποθέσεων τοὺς ̓Αθηναίους μετὰ Αἰγὸς ποταμοὺς ἐς τοὺς δήμους ἀνεσκεύαζεν: ὑπὲρ οὗ φησιν ὁ ̔Ηρώδης πέμψαι οἱ πεντεκαίδεκα μυριάδας προσειπὼν αὐτὰς μισθὸν τῆς ἀκροάσεως, μὴ προσεμένου δὲ αὐτὸς μὲν ὑπερῶφθαι οἴεσθαι, ξυμπίνοντα δὲ αὐτῷ Μουνάτιον τὸν κριτικόν, ὁ δὲ ἀνὴρ οὗτος ἐκ Τραλλέων, “ὦ ̔Ηρώδη,” φάναι “δοκεῖ μοι Πολέμων ὀνειροπολήσας πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μυριάδας παρὰ τοῦτ' ἔλαττον ἔχειν ἡγεῖσθαι, παρ' ὃ μὴ τοσαύτας ἔπεμψας.” προσθεῖναί φησιν ὁ ̔Ηρώδης τὰς δέκα καὶ τὸν Πολέμωνα προθύμως λαβεῖν, ὥσπερ ἀπολαμβάνοντα. ἔδωκε τῷ Πολέμωνι ὁ ̔Ηρώδης καὶ τὸ μὴ παρελθεῖν ἐπ' αὐτῷ ἐς λόγων ἐπίδειξιν, μηδ' ἐπαγωνίσασθαί οἱ, νύκτωρ δὲ ἐξελάσαι τῆς Σμύρνης, ὡς μὴ βιασθείη, θρασὺ γὰρ καὶ τὸ βιασθῆναι ᾤετο. διετέλει δὲ καὶ τὸν ἄλλον χρόνον ἐπαινῶν τὸν Πολέμωνα καὶ ὑπὲρ θαῦμα ἄγων: ̓Αθήνησι μὲν γὰρ διαπρεπῶς ἀγωνισάμενος τὸν περὶ τῶν τροπαίων ἀγῶνα καὶ θαυμαζόμενος ἐπὶ τῇ φορᾷ τοῦ λόγου “τὴν Πολέμωνος” ἔφη “μελέτην ἀνάγνωτε καὶ εἴσεσθε ἄνδρα.” ̓Ολυμπίασι δὲ βοησάσης ἐπ' αὐτῷ τῆς ̔Ελλάδος “εἶς ὡς Δημοσθένης,” “εἴθε γὰρ” ἔφη “ὡς ὁ Φρύξ,” τὸν Πολέμωνα ὧδε ἐπονομάζων, ἐπειδὴ τότε ἡ Λαοδικεια τῇ Φρυγίᾳ συνετάττετο. Μάρκου δὲ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰπόντος “τί σοι δοκεῖ ὁ Πολέμων;” στήσας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὁ ̔Ηρώδης ἵππων μ' ἔφη ὠκυπόδων ἀμφὶ κτύπος οὔατα βάλλει, ἐνδεικνύμενος δὴ τὸ ἐπίκροτον καὶ τὸ ὑψηχὲς τῶν λόγων. ἐρομένου δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ Βάρου τοῦ ὑπάτου, τίσι καὶ διδασκάλοις ἐχρήσατο, “τῷ δεῖνι μὲν καὶ τῷ δεῖνι” ἔφη “παιδευόμενος, Πολέμωνι δὲ ἤδη παιδεύων.” φησὶν ὁ Πολέμων ἠκροᾶσθαι καὶ Δίωνος ἀποδημίαν ὑπὲρ τούτου στείλας ἐς τὸ τῶν Βιθυνῶν ἔθνος. ἔλεγε δὲ ὁ Πολέμων τὰ μὲν τῶν καταλογάδην ὤμοις δεῖν ἐκφέρειν, τὰ δὲ τῶν ποιητῶν ἁμάξαις. κἀκεῖνα τῶν Πολέμωνι τιμὴν ἐχόντων: ἤριζεν ἡ Σμύρνα ὑπὲρ τῶν ναῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπ' αὐτοῖς δικαίων, ξύνδικον πεποιημένη τὸν Πολέμωνα ἐς τέρμα ἤδη τοῦ βίου ἥκοντα. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐν ὁρμῇ τῆς ὑπὲρ τῶν δικαίων ἀποδημίας ἐτελεύτησεν, ἐγένετο μὲν ἐπ' ἄλλοις ξυνδίκοις ἡ πόλις, πονηρῶς δὲ αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ βασιλείῳ δικαστηρίῳ διατιθεμένων τὸν λόγον βλέψας ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ ἐς τοὺς τῶν Σμυρναίων ξυνηγόρους “οὐ Πολέμων” εἶπεν “τουτουὶ τοῦ ἀγῶνος ξύνδικος ὑμῖν ἀπεδέδεικτο;” “ναί,” ἔφασαν “εἴ γε τὸν σοφιστὴν λέγεις.” καὶ ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ “ἴσως οὖν” ἔφη “καὶ λόγον τινὰ ξυνέγραψεν ὑπὲρ τῶν δικαίων, οἷα δὴ ἐπ' ἐμοῦ τε ἀγωνιούμενος καὶ ὑπὲρ τηλικούτων.” “ἴσως,” ἔφασαν, ὦ βασιλεῦ, “οὐ μὴν ἡμῖν γε εἰδέναι.” καὶ ἔδωκεν ἀναβολὰς ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ τῇ δίκῃ, ἔστ' ἂν διακομισθῇ ὁ λόγος, ἀναγνωσθέντος δὲ ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ κατ' αὐτὸν ἐψηφίσατο ὁ βασιλεύς, καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ἡ Σμύρνα τὰ πρωτεῖα νικῶσα καὶ τὸν Πολέμωνα αὐτοῖς ἀναβεβιωκέναι φάσκοντες. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀνδρῶν ἐλλογίμων ἀξιομνημόνευτα οὐ μόνον τὰ μετὰ σπουδῆς λεχθέντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐν ταῖς παιδιαῖς, ἀναγράψω καὶ τοὺς ἀστεισμοὺς τοῦ Πολέμωνος, ὡς μηδὲ οὗτοι παραλελειμμένοι φαίνοιντο. μειράκιον ̓Ιωνικὸν ἐτρύφα κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν ὑπὲρ τὰ ̓Ιώνων ἤθη, καὶ ἀπώλλυ αὐτὸ πλοῦτος βαθύς, ὅσπερ ἐστὶ πονηρὸς διδάσκαλος τῶν ἀκολάστων φύσεων. ὄνομα μὲν δὴ τῷ μειρακίῳ Οὔαρος, διεφθορὸς δὲ ὑπὸ κολάκων ἐπεπείκει αὐτὸ ἑαυτό, ὡς καλῶν τε εἴη ὁ κάλλιστος καὶ μέγας ὑπὲρ τοὺς εὐμήκεις καὶ τῶν ἀμφὶ παλαίστραν γενναιότατός τε καὶ τεχνικώτατος καὶ μηδ' ἂν τὰς Μούσας ἀναβάλλεσθαι αὐτοῦ ἥδιον, ὁπότε πρὸς τὸ ᾅδειν τράποιτο. παραπλήσια δὲ τούτοις καὶ περὶ τῶν σοφιστῶν ᾤετο, παριππεῦσαι γὰρ ̔ἂν' καὶ τὰς ἐκείνων γλώττας, ὁπότε μελετῴη, καὶ γὰρ δὴ καὶ ἐμελέτα, καὶ οἱ δανειζόμενοι παρ' αὐτοῦ χρήματα τὸ καὶ μελετῶντος ἀκροάσασθαι προσέγραφον τῷ τόκῳ. ὑπήγετο δὲ καὶ ὁ Πολέμων τῷ δασμῷ τούτῳ νέος ὢν ἔτι καὶ οὔπω νοσῶν, δεδάνειστο γὰρ παρ' αὐτοῦ χρήματα, καὶ ἐπεὶ μὴ ἐθεράπευε, μηδὲ ἐς τὰς ἀκροάσεις ἐφοίτα, χαλεπὸν ἦν τὸ μειράκιον καὶ ἠπείλει τύπους. οἱ δὲ τύποι γράμμα εἰσὶν ἀγορᾶς, ἐρήμην ἐπαγγέλλον τῷ οὐκ ἀποδιδόντι. αἰτιωμένων οὖν τὸν Πολέμωνα τῶν οἰκείων, ὡς ἀηδῆ καὶ δύστροπον, εἰ παρὸν αὐτῷ μὴ ἀπαιτεῖσθαι καὶ τὸ μειράκιον ἐκκαρποῦσθαι παρέχοντα αὐτῷ νεῦμα εὔνουν μὴ ποιεῖ τοῦτο, ἀλλ' ἐκκαλεῖται αὐτὸ καὶ παροξύνει, τοιαῦτα ἀκούων ἀπήντησε μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀκρόασιν, ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐς δείλην ἤδη ὀψίαν τὰ τῆς μελέτης αὐτῷ προὔβαινε καὶ οὐδεὶς ὅρμος ἐφαίνετο τοῦ λόγου, σολοικισμῶν τε καὶ βαρβαρισμῶν καὶ ἐναντιώσεων πλέα ἦν πάντα, ἀναπηδήσας ὁ Πολέμων καὶ ὑποσχὼν τὼ χεῖρε “Οὔαρε”, εἶπεν “φέρε τοὺς τύπους.” λῃστὴν δὲ πολλαῖς αἰτίαις ἑαλωκότα στρεβλοῦντος ἀνθυπάτου καὶ ἀπορεῖν φάσκοντος, τίς γένοιτ' ἂν ἐπ' αὐτῷ τιμωρία τῶν εἰργασμένων ἀξία, παρατυχὼν ὁ Πολέμων “κέλευσον” ἔφη “αὐτὸν ἀρχαῖα ἐκμανθάνειν.” καίτοι γὰρ πλεῖστα ἐκμαθὼν ὁ σοφιστὴς οὗτος ὅμως ἐπιπονώτατον ἡγεῖτο τῶν ἐν ἀσκήσει τὸ ἐκμανθάνειν. ἰδὼν δὲ μονόμαχον ἱδρῶτι ῥεόμενον καὶ δεδιότα τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγῶνα “οὕτως” εἶπεν “ἀγωνιᾷς, ὡς μελετᾶν μέλλων.” σοφιστῇ δὲ ἐντυχὼν ἀλλᾶντας ὠνουμένῳ καὶ μαινίδας καὶ τὰ εὐτελῆ ὄψα “ὦ λῷστε,” εἶπεν “οὐκ ἔστι τὸ Δαρείου καὶ Ξέρξου φρόνημα καλῶς ὑποκρίνασθαι ταῦτα σιτουμένῳ.” Τιμοκράτους δὲ τοῦ φιλοσόφου πρὸς αὐτὸν εἰπόντος, ὡς λάλον χρῆμα ὁ Φαβωρῖνος γένοιτο, ἀστειότατα ὁ Πολέμων “καὶ πᾶσα” ἔφη “γραῦς” τὸ εὐνουχῶδες αὐτοῦ διασκώπτων. ἀγωνιστοῦ δὲ τραγῳδίας ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν ̓Ολυμπίοις τὸ “ὦ Ζεῦ” ἐς τὴν γῆν δείξαντος, τὸ δὲ “καὶ γᾶ” ἐς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνασχόντος, προκαθήμενος τῶν ̓Ολυμπίων ὁ Πολέμων ἐξέωσεν αὐτὸν τῶν ἄθλων εἰπὼν “οὗτος τῇ χειρὶ ἐσολοίκισεν.” μὴ πλείω ὑπὲρ τούτων, ἀπόχρη γὰρ καὶ ταῦτα τὸ ἐπίχαρι τοῦ ἀνδρὸς δηλῶσαι. ἡ δὲ ἰδέα τῶν Πολέμωνος λόγων θερμὴ καὶ ἐναγώνιος καὶ τορὸν ἠχοῦσα, ὥσπερ ἡ ̓Ολυμπιακὴ σάλπιγξ, ἐπιπρέπει δὲ αὐτῇ καὶ τὸ Δημοσθενικὸν τῆς γνώμης, καὶ ἡ σεμνολογία οὐχ ὑπτία, λαμπρὰ δὲ καὶ ἔμπνους, ὥσπερ ἐκ τρίποδος. διαμαρτάνουσι μέν̔τοἰ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς φάσκοντες αὐτὸν τὰς μὲν ἐπιφορὰς ἄριστα σοφιστῶν μεταχειρίσασθαι, τὰς δὲ ἀπολογίας ἧττον, ἐλέγχει γὰρ τὸν λόγον τοῦτον ὡς οὐκ ἀληθῆ καὶ ἡ δεῖνα μὲν καὶ ἡ δεῖνα τῶν ὑποθέσεων, ἐν αἷς ἀπολογεῖται, μάλιστα δὲ ὁ Δημοσθένης ὁ τὰ πεντήκοντα τάλαντα ἐξομνύμενος. ἀπολογίαν γὰρ οὕτω χαλεπὴν διαθέμενος ἤρκεσε τῷ λόγῳ ξὺν περιβολῇ καὶ τέχνῃ. τὴν αὐτὴν ὁρῶ διαμαρτίαν καὶ περὶ τοὺς ἡγουμένους αὐτὸν ἐκφέρεσθαι τῶν ἐσχηματισμένων ὑποθέσεων εἰργόμενον τοῦ δρόμου, καθάπερ ἐν δυσχωρίᾳ ἵππον, παραιτούμενόν τε αὐτὰς τὰς ̔Ομηρείους γνώμας εἰπεῖν ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος ὁμῶς ̓Αίδαο πύλῃσιν, ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ, ταῦτα γὰρ ἴσως ἔλεγεν αἰνιττόμενος καὶ παραδηλῶν τὸ δύστροπον τῶν τοιούτων ὑποθέσεων, ἄριστα δὲ κἀκεῖνα ἠγωνίσατο, ὡς δηλοῦσιν ὅ τε μοιχὸς ὁ ἐκκεκαλυμμένος καὶ ὁ Ξενοφῶν ὁ ἀξιῶν ἀποθνήσκειν ἐπὶ Σωκράτει καὶ ὁ Σόλων ὁ αἰτῶν ἀπαλείφειν τοὺς νόμους λαβόντος τὴν φρουρὰν τοῦ Πεισιστράτου καὶ οἱ Δημοσθένεις τρεῖς, ὁ μετὰ Χαιρώνειαν προσάγων ἑαυτὸν καὶ ὁ δοκῶν θανάτου ἑαυτῷ τιμᾶσθαυ ἐπὶ τοῖς ̔Αρπαλείοις καὶ ὁ ξυμβουλεύων ἐπὶ τῶν τριήρων φεύγειν ἐπιόντος μὲν Φιλίππου, νόμον δὲ Αἰσχίνου κεκυρωκότος ἀποθνήσκειν τὸν πολέμου μνημονεύσαντα. ἐν γὰρ ταύταις μάλιστα τῶν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ κατὰ σχῆμα προηγμένων ἡνία τε ἐμβέβληται τῷ λόγῳ καὶ τὸ ἐπαμφότερον αἱ διάνοιαι σώζουσιν. ἰατροῖς δὲ θαμὰ ὑποκείμενος λιθιώντων αὐτῷ τῶν ἄρθρων παρεκελεύετο αὐτοῖς ὀρύττειν καὶ τέμνειν τὰς Πολέμωνος λιθοτομίας. ̔Ηρώδῃ δὲ ἐπιστέλλων ὑπὲρ τῆς νόσου ταύτης ὧδε ἐπέστειλεν: “δεῖ ἐσθίειν, χεῖρας οὐκ ἔχω: δεῖ βαδίζειν, πόδες οὐκ εἰσί μοι: δεῖ ἀλγεῖν, τότε καὶ πόδες εἰσί μοι καὶ χεῖρες.” ̓Ετελεύτα μὲν περὶ τὰ ἓξ καὶ πεντήκοντα ἔτη, τὸ δὲ μέτρον τῆς ἡλικίας τοῦτο ταῖς μὲν ἄλλαις ἐπιστήμαις γήρως ἀρχή, σοφιστῇ δὲ νεότης ἔτι, γηράσκουσα γὰρ ἥδε ἡ ἐπιστήμη σοφίαν ἀρτύνει. τάφος δὲ αὐτῷ κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν οὐδείς, εἰ καὶ πλείους λέγονται: οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐν τῷ κήπῳ τοῦ τῆς ̓Αρετῆς ἱεροῦ ταφῆναι αὐτόν, οἱ δὲ οὐ πόρρω τούτου ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ, νεὼς δέ τίς ἐστι βραχὺς καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐν αὐτῷ Πολέμωνος ἐσταλμένον, ὡς ἐπὶ τῆς τριήρους ὠργίαζεν, ὑφ' ᾧ κεῖσθαι τὸν ἄνδρα, οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ τῆς οἰκίας αὐλῇ ὑπὸ τοῖς χαλκοῖς ἀνδριᾶσιν. ἔστι δὲ οὐδὲν τούτων ἀληθές, εἰ γὰρ ἐτελεύτα κατὰ τὴν Σμύρναν, οὐδενὸς ἂν τῶν θαυμασίων παρ' αὐτοῖς ἱερῶν ἀπηξιώθη τὸ μὴ οὐκ ἐν αὐτῷ κεῖσθαι. ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνα ἀληθέστερα, κεῖσθαι μὲν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ Λαοδικείᾳ παρὰ τὰς Συρίας πύλας, οὗ δὴ καὶ τῶν προγόνων αὐτοῦ θῆκαι, ταφῆναι δὲ αὐτὸν ζῶντα ἔτι, τουτὶ γὰρ τοῖς φιλτάτοις ἐπισκῆψαι, κείμενόν τε ἐν τῷ σήματι παρακελεύεσθαι τοῖς συγκλείουσι τὸν τάφον “ἔπαγε, ἔπαγε, μὴ γὰρ ἴδοι με σιωπῶντα ἥλιος.” πρὸς δὲ τοὺς οἰκείους ὀλοφυρομένους αὐτὸν ἀνεβόησε: “δότε μοι σῶμα καὶ μελετήσομαι.” μέχρι Πολέμωνος τὰ Πολέμωνος, οἱ γὰρ ἐπ' αὐτῷ γενόμενοι ξυγγενεῖς μέν, οὐ μὴν οἷοι πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνου ἀρετὴν ἐξετάζεσθαι, πλὴν ἑνὸς ἀνδρός, περὶ οὗ μικρὸν ὕστερον λέξω. 2.4. ̓Αντίοχον δὲ τὸν σοφιστὴν αἱ Κιλίκων Αἰγαὶ ἤνεγκαν οὕτω τι εὐπατρίδην, ὡς νῦν ἔτι τὸ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γένος ὑπάτους εἶναι. αἰτίαν δὲ ἔχων δειλίας, ἐπεὶ μὴ παρῄει ἐς τὸν δῆμον, μηδὲ ἐς τὸ κοινὸν ἐπολίτευεν, “οὐχ ὑμᾶς”, εἶπεν “ἀλλ' ἐμαυτὸν δέδοικα”, εἰδώς που τὴν ἑαυτοῦ χολὴν ἄκρατόν τε καὶ οὐ καθεκτὴν οὖσαν. ἀλλ' ὅμως ὠφέλει τοὺς ἀστοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς οὐσίας, ὅ τι εἴη δυνατός, σῖτόν τε ἐπιδιδούς, ὁπότε τούτου δεομένους αἴσθοιτο, καὶ χρήματα ἐς τὰ πεπονηκότα τῶν ἔργων. τὰς δὲ πλείους τῶν νυκτῶν ἐς τὸ τοῦ ̓Ασκληπιοῦ ἱερὸν ἀπεκάθευδεν ὑπέρ τε ὀνειράτων ὑπέρ τε ξυνουσίας, ὁπόση ἐγρηγορότων τε καὶ διαλεγομένων ἀλλήλοις, διελέγετο γὰρ αὐτῷ ἐγρηγορότι ὁ θεὸς καλὸν ἀγώνισμα ποιούμενος τῆς ἑαυτοῦ τέχνης τὸ τὰς νόσους ἐρύκειν τοῦ ̓Αντιόχου. ἀκροατὴς ὁ ̓Αντίοχος ἐν παισὶ μὲν Δαρδάνου τοῦ ̓Ασσυρίου, προιὼν δὲ ἐς τὰ μειράκια Διονυσίου ἐγένετο τοῦ Μιλησίου κατέχοντος ἤδη τὴν ̓Εφεσίων. διελέγετο μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἐπιτηδείως — φρονιμώτατος δ' ἀνθρώπων γενόμενος διέβαλλεν αὐτὸ ὡς μειρακιῶδες, ἵνα ὑπερεωρακὼς αὐτοῦ μᾶλλον ἢ ἀπολειπόμενος φαίνοιτο — τὰ δὲ ἀμφὶ μελέτην ἐλλογιμώτατος: ἀσφαλὴς μὲν γὰρ ἐν ταῖς κατὰ σχῆμα προηγμέναις τῶν ὑποθέσεων, σφοδρὸς δὲ ἐν ταῖς κατηγορίαις καὶ ἐπιφοραῖς, εὐπρεπὴς δὲ τὰς ἀπολογίας καὶ τῷ ἠθικῷ ἰσχύων, καὶ καθάπαξ τῆν ἰδέαν τοῦ λόγου δικανικῆς μὲν σοφιστικώτερος, σοφιστικῆς δὲ δικανικώτερος. καὶ τὰ πάθη ἄριστα σοφιστῶν μετεχειρίσατο, οὐ γὰρ μονῳδίας ἀπεμήκυνεν, οὐδὲ θρήνους ὑποκειμένους, ἀλλ' ἐβραχυλόγει αὐτὰ ξὺν διανοίαις λόγου κρείττοσιν, ὡς ἔκ τε τῶν ἄλλων ὑποθέσεων δηλοῦται καὶ μάλιστα ἐκ τῶνδε: κόρη βιασθεῖσα θάνατον ᾕρηται τοῦ βιασαμένου: μετὰ ταῦτα γέγονε παιδίον ἐκ τῆς βίας καὶ διαμιλλῶνται οἱ πάπποι, παρ' ὁποτέρῳ τρέφοιτο τὸ παιδίον. ἀγωνιζόμενος οὖν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πρὸς πατρὸς πάππου “ἀπόδος” ἔφη “τὸ παιδίον, ἀπόδος ἤδη, πρὶν γεύσηται μητρῴου γάλακτος.” ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα ὑπόθεσις τοιαύτη: τύραννον καταθέμενον τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπὶ τῷ ἐκλελύσθαι ἀπέκτεινέ τις εὐνοῦχος ὑπ' αὐτοῦ γεγονὼς καὶ ἀπολογεῖται ὑπὲρ τοῦ φόνου. ἐνταῦθα τὸ μάλιστα ἐρρωμένον τῆς κατηγορίας τὸν περὶ τῶν σπονδῶν λόγον ἀπεώσατο περίνοιαν ἐγκαταμίξας τῷ πάθει: “τίσι γὰρ” ἔφη “ταῦτα ὡμολόγησε; παισὶ γυναίοις μειρακίοις πρεσβύταις ἀνδράσιν: ἐγὼ δὲ ὄνομα ἐν ταῖς συνθήκαις οὐκ ἔχω.” ἄριστα δὲ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν Κρητῶν ἀπολελόγηται τῶν κρινομένων ἐπὶ τῷ τοῦ Διὸς σήματι φυσιολογίᾳ τε καὶ θεολογίᾳ πάσῃ ἐναγωνισάμενος λαμπρῶς. τὰς μὲν οὖν μελέτας αὐτοσχεδίους ἐποιεῖτο, ἔμελε δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ φροντισμάτων, ὡς ἕτερά τε δηλοῖ τῶν ἐκείνου καὶ μάλιστα ἡ ἱστορία, ἐπίδειξιν γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ πεποίηται λέξεώς τε καὶ ῥητορείας, ἐσποιῶν ἑαυτὸν καὶ τῷ φιλοκαλεῖν. περὶ δὲ τῆς τελευτῆς τοῦ ἀνδρός, οἱ μὲν ἑβδομηκοντούτην τεθνάναι αὐτόν, οἱ δὲ οὔπω, καὶ οἱ μὲν οἴκοι, οἱ δὲ ἑτέρωθι. 2.25. πολὺς ἐν σοφιστῶν κύκλῳ καὶ ̔Ερμοκράτης ὁ Φωκαεὺς ᾅδεται φύσεως ἰσχὺν δηλώσας παρὰ πάντας, οὓς ἑρμηνεύω, οὐδενὶ γὰρ θαυμασίῳ σοφιστῇ ξυγγενόμενος, ἀλλὰ ̔Ρουφίνου τοῦ Σμυρναίου ἀκηκοὼς τὰ σοφιστικὰ τολμῶντος μᾶλλον ἢ κατορθοῦντος ἑρμήνευσε ποικιλώτατα ̔Ελλήνων καὶ ἔγνω καὶ ἔταξεν, οὐ τὰς μὲν τῶν ὑποθέσεων, τὰς δὲ οὐχί, ἅπαξ δὲ πάσας τὰς μελετωμένας, καὶ γὰρ δὴ καὶ τὰς ἐσχηματισμένας εὖ διέθετο ἀμφιβολίας τε πλείστας ἐπινοήσας καὶ τὸ σημαινόμενον ἐγκαταμίξας τῷ ὑφειμέμῳ. πάππος μὲν δὴ αὐτῷ ἐγένετο ̓́Ατταλος ὁ Πολέμωνος τοῦ σοφιστοῦ παῖς, πατὴρ δὲ ̔Ρουφινιανὸς ὁ ἐκ Φωκαίας, ἀνὴρ ὕπατος Καλλιστὼ γήμας τὴν ̓Αττάλου. τελευτήσαντος δὲ αὐτῷ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐς διαφορὰν κατέστη πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ μητέρα οὕτω τι ἀπαραίτητον, ὡς μηδὲ δάκρυον ἐπ' αὐτῷ τὴν Καλλιστὼ ἀφεῖναι ἐν μειρακίῳ ἀποθανόντι, ὅτε δὴ καὶ τοῖς πολεμιωτάτοις ἐλεεινὰ τὰ τῆς ἡλικίας φαίνεται. καὶ τοῦτο οὑτωσὶ μὲν ἀκούσαντι κακίᾳ τοῦ μειρακίου προσκείσεται μᾶλλον, εἰ μηδὲ μήτηρ ἐπ' αὐτῷ τι ἔπαθεν, λογιζομένῳ δὲ τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ ὅτι τὴν μητέρα ἀπέστερξεν ἐπὶ δούλου ἔρωτι, ὁ μὲν ξυμβαίνων τοῖς νόμοις φαίνοιτο ἄν, οἳ δεδώκασι τὸ ἐπὶ ταῖς τοιαῖσδε αἰτίαις καὶ ἀποκτείνειν, ἡ δὲ ἀξία μισεῖν καὶ τοῖς οὐ προσήκουσιν ὑπὲρ ὧν ἑαυτήν τε καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ᾔσχυνεν. ὥσπερ δὲ ταύτην ὁ ̔Ερμοκράτης διαφεύγει τὴν αἰτίαν, οὕτως ἐκείνην οὐκ ἂν διαφύγοι: τὸν γὰρ πατρῷον οἶκον βαθὺν αὐτῷ παραδοθέντα κατεδαπάνησεν οὐκ ἐς ἱπποτροφίας οὐδὲ ἐς λειτουργίας, ἀφ' ὧν καὶ ὄνομά ἐστιν ἄρασθαι, ἀλλ' ἐς ἄκρατον καὶ ἑταίρους οἵους παρασχεῖν καὶ κωμῳδίᾳ λόγον, οἷον παρέσχον λόγον οἱ Καλλίαν ποτὲ τὸν ̔Ιππονίκου κολακεύσαντες. ̓Αντιπάτρου δὲ παρεληλυθότος ἐς τὰς βασιλείους ἐπιστολὰς ἤδη ἀσπαζομένου τε ἁρμόσαι οἱ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ θυγατέρα πονήρως ἔχουσαν τοῦ εἴδους οὐκ ἐπήδησε πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνου εὐπραγίαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς προμνηστρίας ἀναγούσης ἐς τὴν τοῦ ̓Αντιπάτρου ἰσχύν, ἣν εἶχε τότε, οὐκ ἄν ποτε ἔφη δουλεῦσαι προικὶ μακρᾷ καὶ πενθεροῦ τύφῳ. ἐξωθούντων δὲ αὐτὸν τῶν συγγενῶν ἐς τὸν γάμον καὶ Διὸς Κόρινθον ἡγουμένων τὸν ̓Αντίπατρον οὐ πρότερον εἶξεν ἢ Σεβῆρον αὐτοκράτορα μεταπέμψαντα αὐτὸν ἐς τὴν ἑῴαν δοῦναί οἱ τὴν κόρην, ὅτε δὴ καὶ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων ἐρομένου τινὸς αὐτόν, πότε ἄγοι τὰ ἀνακαλυπτήρια, ἀστειότατα ὁ ̔Ερμοκράτης “ἐγκαλυπτήρια μὲν οὖν” ἔφη “τοιαύτην λαμβάνων”. καὶ διέλυσε μετ' οὐ πολὺ τὸν γάμον ὁρῶν οὔτε ἰδεῖν ἡδεῖαν οὔτε ἐπιτηδείαν τὸ ἦθος. καὶ ἀκροατὴς δὲ τοῦ ̔Ερμοκράτους ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ γενόμενος ἠγάσθη αὐτὸν ἴσα τῷ πάππῳ δωρεάς τε αἰτεῖν ἀνῆκεν: καὶ ὁ ̔Ερμοκράτης “στεφάνους μὲν” ἔφη “καὶ ἀτελείας καὶ σιτήσεις καὶ πορφύραν καὶ τὸ ἱερᾶσθαι ὁ πάππος ἡμῖν τοῖς ἀπ' αὐτοῦ παρέδωκεν, καὶ τί ἂν αἰτοίην παρὰ σοῦ τήμερον, ἃ ἐκ τοσούτου ἔχω; ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐστί μοι προστεταγμένον ὑπὸ τοῦ κατὰ τὸ Πέργαμον ̓Ασκληπιοῦ πέρδικα σιτεῖσθαι λιβανωτῷ θυμιώμενον, τὸ δὲ ἄρωμα τοῦτο οὕτω τι σπανιστὸν καθ' ἡμᾶς νῦν, ὡς ψαιστὸν καὶ δάφνης φύλλα τοῖς θεοῖς θυμιᾶσθαι, δέομαι λιβανωτοῦ ταλάντων πεντήκοντα, ἵνα θεραπεύοιμι μὲν τοὺς θεούς, θεραπευοίμην δὲ αὐτός.” ἔδωκε τὸν λιβανωτὸν ξὺν ἐπαίνῳ ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ ἐρυθριᾶν εἰπών, ἐπειδὴ μικρὰ ᾐτήθη. Ξυνελάμβανε δὲ τῷ ̔Ερμοκράτει τῶν ἐπιδείξεων πρῶτον μὲν τὸ τοῦ πάππου κλέος, ἡ γὰρ φύσις ἡ ἀνθρωπεία τὰς ἀρετὰς ἀσπάζεται μᾶλλον τὰς ἐκ πατέρων ἐς παῖδας διαδοθείσας, ὅθεν εὐκλεέστερος μὲν ̓Ολυμπιονίκης ὁ ἐξ ̓Ολυμπιονικῶν οἴκου, γενναιότερος δὲ στρατιώτης ὁ μὴ ἀστρατεύτων ἡδίους τε τῶν ἐπιτηδεύσεων αἱ πατέρων τε καὶ προγόνων οἴκου, καὶ τέχναι βελτίους αἱ κληρονομούμεναι, ξυνελάμβανε δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ἡ ὥρα ἡ περὶ τῷ εἴδει, καὶ γὰρ ἐπίχαρις καὶ ἀγαλματίας, οἷα ἔφηβοι, καὶ τὸ θάρσος δὲ τοῦ μειρακίου τὸ ἐν τοῖς πλήθεσιν ἔκπληξιν ἐς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἔφερεν, ἣν ἐκπλήττονται ἄνθρωποι τοὺς τὰ μεγάλα μὴ ξὺν ἀγωνίᾳ πράττοντας. ἐδίδου τι καὶ ἡ εὔροια καὶ ὁ τῆς γλώττης κρότος καὶ τὸ ἐν στιγμῇ τοῦ καιροῦ ξυνορᾶν τὰς ὑποθέσεις καὶ τὰ ἀναγιγνωσκόμενά τε καὶ λεγόμενα παλαιότερα ὄντα ἢ νέῳ γε ἐνθυμηθῆναι καὶ ἑρμηνεῦσαι. αἱ μὲν δὴ μελέται τοῦ ̔Ερμοκράτους ὀκτώ που ἴσως ἢ δέκα καί τις λόγος οὐ μακρός, ὃν ἐν Φωκαίᾳ διῆλθεν ἐν τῷ Πανιωνίῳ κρατῆρι. ἐμοὶ δὲ ἀποπεφάνθω μὴ ἄν τινα ὑπερφωνῆσαι τὴν μειρακίου τούτου γλῶτταν, εἰ μὴ ἀφῃρέθη τὸ παρελθεῖν ἐς ἄνδρας φθόνῳ ἁλούς. ἐτελεύτα δὲ κατ' ἐνίους μὲν ὀκτὼ καὶ εἴκοσι γεγονώς, ὡς δὲ ἔνιοι, πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι, καὶ ἐδέξατο αὐτὸν ἡ πατρῴα γῆ καὶ αἱ πατρῷαι θῆκαι.

24. Galen, On The Powers of Simple Remedies, 10 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 199

25. Clement of Alexandria, Miscellanies, 4.22, 5.1, 13.3, 142.3 (2nd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan nan nan

26. Eusebius of Caesarea, Life of Constantine, 3.56 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 209, 210

3.56. For since a wide-spread error of these pretenders to wisdom concerned the demon worshipped in Cilicia, whom thousands regarded with reverence as the possessor of saving and healing power, who sometimes appeared to those who passed the night in his temple, sometimes restored the diseased to health, though on the contrary he was a destroyer of souls, who drew his easily deluded worshipers from the true Saviour to involve them in impious error, the emperor, consistently with his practice, and desire to advance the worship of him who is at once a jealous God and the true Saviour, gave directions that this temple also should be razed to the ground. In prompt obedience to this command, a band of soldiers laid this building, the admiration of noble philosophers, prostrate in the dust, together with its unseen inmate, neither demon nor god, but rather a deceiver of souls, who had seduced mankind for so long a time through various ages. And thus he who had promised to others deliverance from misfortune and distress, could find no means for his own security, any more than when, as is told in myth, he was scorched by the lightning's stroke. Our emperor's pious deeds, however, had in them nothing fabulous or feigned; but by virtue of the manifested power of his Saviour, this temple as well as others was so utterly overthrown, that not a vestige of the former follies was left behind.

27. Origen, Against Celsus, 3.3, 3.24 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 199, 203

3.3. In the next place, miracles were performed in all countries, or at least in many of them, as Celsus himself admits, instancing the case of Æsculapius, who conferred benefits on many, and who foretold future events to entire cities, which were dedicated to him, such as Tricca, and Epidaurus, and Cos, and Pergamus; and along with Æsculapius he mentions Aristeas of Proconnesus, and a certain Clazomenian, and Cleomedes of Astypal a. But among the Jews alone, who say they are dedicated to the God of all things, there was wrought no miracle or sign which might help to confirm their faith in the Creator of all things, and strengthen their hope of another and better life! But how can they imagine such a state of things? For they would immediately have gone over to the worship of those demons which gave oracles and performed cures, and deserted the God who was believed, as far as words went, to assist them, but who never manifested to them His visible presence. But if this result has not taken place, and if, on the contrary, they have suffered countless calamities rather than renounce Judaism and their law, and have been cruelly treated, at one time in Assyria, at another in Persia, and at another under Antiochus, is it not in keeping with the probabilities of the case for those to suppose who do not yield their belief to their miraculous histories and prophecies, that the events in question could not be inventions, but that a certain divine Spirit being in the holy souls of the prophets, as of men who underwent any labour for the cause of virtue, did move them to prophesy some things relating to their contemporaries, and others to their posterity, but chiefly regarding a certain personage who was to come as a Saviour to the human race? 3.24. And again, when it is said of Æsculapius that a great multitude both of Greeks and Barbarians acknowledge that they have frequently seen, and still see, no mere phantom, but Æsculapius himself, healing and doing good, and foretelling the future; Celsus requires us to believe this, and finds no fault with the believers in Jesus, when we express our belief in such stories, but when we give our assent to the disciples, and eye-witnesses of the miracles of Jesus, who clearly manifest the honesty of their convictions (because we see their guilelessness, as far as it is possible to see the conscience revealed in writing), we are called by him a set of silly individuals, although he cannot demonstrate that an incalculable number, as he asserts, of Greeks and Barbarians acknowledge the existence of Æsculapius; while we, if we deem this a matter of importance, can clearly show a countless multitude of Greeks and Barbarians who acknowledge the existence of Jesus. And some give evidence of their having received through this faith a marvellous power by the cures which they perform, revoking no other name over those who need their help than that of the God of all things, and of Jesus, along with a mention of His history. For by these means we too have seen many persons freed from grievous calamities, and from distractions of mind, and madness, and countless other ills, which could be cured neither by men nor devils.

28. Diogenes Laertius, Lives of The Philosophers, 4.5.24 (3rd cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 184

29. Porphyry, On Abstinence, 2.19.5 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 211

30. Julian (Emperor), Against The Galileans, None (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181, 182

31. Libanius, Letters, 695.2 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 209

32. Themistius, Orations, 27.333 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 202

33. Libanius, Orations, 1.143, 30.39 (4th cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 209

34. Marinus, Vita Proclus, 32 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 210

35. Oribasius, Liber Incertus (Collectiones Medicae Libri Incerti), 45.30.10-45.30.14 (4th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 199

36. Damaskios, Vita Isidori (Ap. Photium, Bibl. Codd. 181, 242), None (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 184, 185

37. Damaskios, Vita Isidori, None (5th cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 184, 185

38. Epigraphy, Amph.-Orop. 3), 57.196, 60.895, 60.1333 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 186, 197, 204, 212

39. Epigraphy, I.Epidaurosasklep, 336 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168

40. Epigraphy, Ekm I, 18, 16 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 212

41. Ps.-Aurelius Victor, De Viris Illustribus Urbis Romae, 22.1-22.3 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 182

42. Epigraphy, I.Epidauros, 52 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168

43. Ps.-Pliny, De Medecina, 37.11-37.13 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 204

44. Epigraphy, I.Iasos Ii, 227 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 178

45. Epigraphy, I.Messana I, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 209

46. Epigraphy, Ig Ii3.1, 2, 450 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 183

47. Artifact, Athens, National Archaeological Museum, 2477, 2490-2491, 1396 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 183

48. Epigraphy, Catalogo Denizli, 46 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 213

49. Epigraphy, I.Cos, 348 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 205

50. Artifact, Amph.-Orop. 1), None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 183

52. Sozomenus, Ecclesiastical History, 2.5.5 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 209

53. Strabo, Geography, 8.4.4, 8.6.15, 14.2.19 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 178, 202, 204

8.4.4. Adjacent to Methone is Acritas, which is the beginning of the Messenian Gulf. But this is also called the Asinaean Gulf, from Asine, which is the first town on the gulf and bears the same name as the Hermionic town. Asine, then, is the beginning of the gulf on the west, while the beginning on the east is formed by a place called Thyrides, which borders on that part of the Laconia of today which is near Cynaethius and Taenarum. Between Asine and Thyrides, beginning at Thyrides, one comes to Oitylus (by some called Baetylus); then to Leuctrum, a colony of the Leuctri in Boeotia; then to Cardamyle, which is situated on a rock fortified by nature; then to Pharae, which borders on Thuria and Gerenia, the place from which Nestor got his epithet Gerenian, it is said, because his life was saved there, as I have said before. In Gerenia is to be seen a sanctuary of Triccaean Asclepius, a reproduction of the one in the Thessalian Tricca. It is said that Pelops, after he had given his sister Niobe in marriage to Amphion, founded Leuctrum, Charadra, and Thalami (now called Boeoti), bringing with him certain colonists from Boeotia. Near Pharae is the mouth of the Nedon River; it flows through Laconia and is a different river from the Neda. It has a notable sanctuary of Athena Nedusia. In Poeaessa, also, there is a sanctuary of Athena Nedusia, named after some place called Nedon, from which Teleclus is said to have colonized Poeaessa and Echeiae and Tragium. 8.6.15. Epidaurus used to be called Epicarus, for Aristotle says that Carians took possession of it, as also of Hermione, but that after the return of the Heracleidae the Ionians who had accompanied the Heracleidae from the Attic Tetrapolis to Argos took up their abode with these Carians. Epidaurus, too, is an important city, and particularly because of the fame of Asclepius, who is believed to cure diseases of every kind and always has his sanctuary full of the sick, and also of the votive tablets on which the treatments are recorded, just as at Cos and Tricce. The city lies in the recess of the Saronic Gulf, has a circular coast of fifteen stadia, and faces the summer risings of the sun. It is enclosed by high mountains which reach as far as the sea, so that on all sides it is naturally fitted for a stronghold. Between Troezen and Epidaurus there was a stronghold called Methana, and also a peninsula of the same name. In some copies of Thucydides the name is spelled Methone, the same as the Macedonian city in which Philip, in the siege, had his eye knocked out. And it is on this account, in the opinion of Demetrius of Scepsis, that some writers, being deceived, suppose that it was the Methone in the territory of Troezen against which the men sent by Agamemnon to collect sailors are said to have uttered the imprecation that its citizens might never cease from their wall-building, since, in his opinion, it was not these citizens that refused, but those of the Macedonian city, as Theopompus says; and it is not likely, he adds, that these citizens who were near to Agamemnon disobeyed him. 14.2.19. The city of the Coans was in ancient times called Astypalaea; and its people lived on another site, which was likewise on the sea. And then, on account of a sedition, they changed their abode to the present city, near Scandarium, and changed the name to Cos, the same as that of the island. Now the city is not large, but it is the most beautifully settled of all, and is most pleasing to behold as one sails from the high sea to its shore. The size of the island is about five hundred and fifty stadia. It is everywhere well supplied with fruits, but like Chios and Lesbos it is best in respect to its wine. Towards the south it has a promontory, Laceter, whence the distance to Nisyros is sixty stadia (but near Laceter there is a place called Halisarna), and on the west it has Drecanum and a village called Stomalimne. Now Drecanum is about two hundred stadia distant from the city, but Laceter adds thirty-five stadia to the length of the voyage. In the suburb is the Asclepieium, a sanctuary exceedingly famous and full of numerous votive offerings, among which is the Antigonus of Apelles. And Aphrodite Anadyomene used to be there, but it is now dedicated to the deified Caesar in Rome, Augustus thus having dedicated to his father the female founder of his family. It is said that the Coans got a remission of one hundred talents of the appointed tribute in return for the painting. And it is said that the dietetics practised by Hippocrates were derived mostly from the cures recorded on the votive tablets there. He, then, is one of the famous men from Cos; and so is Simus the physician; as also Philetas, at the same time poet and critic; and, in my time, Nicias, who also reigned as tyrant over the Coans; and Ariston, the pupil and heir of the Peripatetic; and Theomnestus, a renowned harper, who was a political opponent of Nicias, was a native of the island.

54. Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds And Sayings, 1.8.2 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 182

55. Epigraphy, Rhodes & Osborne Ghi, 102 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 172

56. Zonaras, Epitome, None Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 209

57. Epigraphy, Die Inschriften Von Pergamon, 124, 127, 139, 145, 91, 161 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 191, 193, 194, 195

58. Galen, Commentarius In Hippocratis Iusiurandum, None Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 199, 205

59. Anon., Scholia In Aristophanis Plutum, 621 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 185

60. Artifact, Svoronos, Nationalmuseum, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan

61. Artifact, Poulsen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, None Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 190

62. Artifact, Pergamon, None Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181

63. Epigraphy, Be, 1964 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181

64. Epigraphy, Cil, 6.8, 6.14, 6.30844 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 206

65. Epigraphy, Epigr. Tou Oropou, 277 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 191, 194

66. Artifact, Peiraeus Mus., 211 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 188

67. Epigraphy, I.Cret., None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 189, 192

68. Epigraphy, Ig Ii2, 4417, 4514, 4527, 4529, 4538, 4589, 4960, 4962, 4961 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 187

69. Epigraphy, Ig Iv ,1, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178

70. Epigraphy, Ig Xii,4, 496-507, 289 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 204

71. Epigraphy, Ig Xiv, 402 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 209

72. Artifact, Padua, 14 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 187

73. Artifact, Museo Maffeiano, 28615 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 187

74. Epigraphy, Labraunda, 58, 94, 59 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 170

75. Epigraphy, Ogis, 1.264 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181

76. Epigraphy, Seg, 22.294, 23.124, 25.226, 37.1019, 41.966, 42.870, 44.505, 47.232 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 168, 184, 186, 187, 198, 200, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213

77. Artifact, Doppelreliefs, None Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 187

78. Artifact, Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg, None Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 190

79. Artifact, Brit.Mus. Gr, 1920.616.1, 1971.123.1 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan

80. Epigraphy, Steinepigramme, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan

81. Epigraphy, Totti, Ausgewählte Texte, 61 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 211, 212

82. Epigraphy, Aa.Ss., None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: nan nan

83. Epigraphy, I.Pergamon 2, 264, 613 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 181

84. Anon., Anthologia Epigrammatum Graecorum, 183 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 211, 212

85. Anon., Passio Ss. Quattuor Coronatorum, 22 Tagged with subjects: •asklepieia, written evidence for incubation Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 207, 208

86. Epigraphy, Igur, 148, 105 Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Renberg (2017), Where Dreams May Come: Incubation Sanctuaries in the Greco-Roman World, 206, 207

Tiresias: The Ancient Mediterranean Religions Source Database