1. Hebrew Bible, Numbers, 19.2 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedalyahu Found in books: Schremer (2010) 63| 19.2. "זֹאת חֻקַּת הַתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה יְהוָה לֵאמֹר דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיִקְחוּ אֵלֶיךָ פָרָה אֲדֻמָּה תְּמִימָה אֲשֶׁר אֵין־בָּהּ מוּם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־עָלָה עָלֶיהָ עֹל׃", 19.2. "וְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִטְמָא וְלֹא יִתְחַטָּא וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מִתּוֹךְ הַקָּהָל כִּי אֶת־מִקְדַּשׁ יְהוָה טִמֵּא מֵי נִדָּה לֹא־זֹרַק עָלָיו טָמֵא הוּא׃", | 19.2. "This is the statute of the law which the LORD hath commanded, saying: Speak unto the children of Israel, that they bring thee a red heifer, faultless, wherein is no blemish, and upon which never came yoke.", |
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| 2. Hebrew Bible, Psalms, 44 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedalyahu Found in books: Schremer (2010) 168 |
3. Hebrew Bible, Leviticus, 1.4, 3.2, 3.8, 13.2-13.44 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 265, 280| 1.4. "וְסָמַךְ יָדוֹ עַל רֹאשׁ הָעֹלָה וְנִרְצָה לוֹ לְכַפֵּר עָלָיו׃", 3.2. "וְסָמַךְ יָדוֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ קָרְבָּנוֹ וּשְׁחָטוֹ פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְזָרְקוּ בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֲנִים אֶת־הַדָּם עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב׃", 3.8. "וְסָמַךְ אֶת־יָדוֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ קָרְבָּנוֹ וְשָׁחַט אֹתוֹ לִפְנֵי אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְזָרְקוּ בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן אֶת־דָּמוֹ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב׃", 13.2. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה מַרְאֶהָ שָׁפָל מִן־הָעוֹר וּשְׂעָרָהּ הָפַךְ לָבָן וְטִמְּאוֹ הַכֹּהֵן נֶגַע־צָרַעַת הִוא בַּשְּׁחִין פָּרָחָה׃", 13.2. "אָדָם כִּי־יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרוֹ שְׂאֵת אוֹ־סַפַּחַת אוֹ בַהֶרֶת וְהָיָה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרוֹ לְנֶגַע צָרָעַת וְהוּבָא אֶל־אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן אוֹ אֶל־אַחַד מִבָּנָיו הַכֹּהֲנִים׃", 13.3. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע וְהִנֵּה מַרְאֵהוּ עָמֹק מִן־הָעוֹר וּבוֹ שֵׂעָר צָהֹב דָּק וְטִמֵּא אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן נֶתֶק הוּא צָרַעַת הָרֹאשׁ אוֹ הַזָּקָן הוּא׃", 13.3. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע בְּעוֹר־הַבָּשָׂר וְשֵׂעָר בַּנֶּגַע הָפַךְ לָבָן וּמַרְאֵה הַנֶּגַע עָמֹק מֵעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ נֶגַע צָרַעַת הוּא וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן וְטִמֵּא אֹתוֹ׃", 13.4. "וְאִישׁ כִּי יִמָּרֵט רֹאשׁוֹ קֵרֵחַ הוּא טָהוֹר הוּא׃", 13.4. "וְאִם־בַּהֶרֶת לְבָנָה הִוא בְּעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ וְעָמֹק אֵין־מַרְאֶהָ מִן־הָעוֹר וּשְׂעָרָה לֹא־הָפַךְ לָבָן וְהִסְגִּיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע שִׁבְעַת יָמִים׃", 13.5. "וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְהִנֵּה הַנֶּגַע עָמַד בְּעֵינָיו לֹא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּגַע בָּעוֹר וְהִסְגִּירוֹ הַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שֵׁנִית׃", 13.5. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנָּגַע וְהִסְגִּיר אֶת־הַנֶּגַע שִׁבְעַת יָמִים׃", 13.6. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֹתוֹ בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שֵׁנִית וְהִנֵּה כֵּהָה הַנֶּגַע וְלֹא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּגַע בָּעוֹר וְטִהֲרוֹ הַכֹּהֵן מִסְפַּחַת הִיא וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָהֵר׃", 13.7. "וְאִם־פָּשֹׂה תִפְשֶׂה הַמִּסְפַּחַת בָּעוֹר אַחֲרֵי הֵרָאֹתוֹ אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן לְטָהֳרָתוֹ וְנִרְאָה שֵׁנִית אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן׃", 13.8. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה פָּשְׂתָה הַמִּסְפַּחַת בָּעוֹר וְטִמְּאוֹ הַכֹּהֵן צָרַעַת הִוא׃", 13.9. "נֶגַע צָרַעַת כִּי תִהְיֶה בְּאָדָם וְהוּבָא אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן׃", 13.11. "צָרַעַת נוֹשֶׁנֶת הִוא בְּעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ וְטִמְּאוֹ הַכֹּהֵן לֹא יַסְגִּרֶנּוּ כִּי טָמֵא הוּא׃", 13.12. "וְאִם־פָּרוֹחַ תִּפְרַח הַצָּרַעַת בָּעוֹר וְכִסְּתָה הַצָּרַעַת אֵת כָּל־עוֹר הַנֶּגַע מֵרֹאשׁוֹ וְעַד־רַגְלָיו לְכָל־מַרְאֵה עֵינֵי הַכֹּהֵן׃", 13.13. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה כִסְּתָה הַצָּרַעַת אֶת־כָּל־בְּשָׂרוֹ וְטִהַר אֶת־הַנָּגַע כֻּלּוֹ הָפַךְ לָבָן טָהוֹר הוּא׃", 13.14. "וּבְיוֹם הֵרָאוֹת בּוֹ בָּשָׂר חַי יִטְמָא׃", 13.15. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַבָּשָׂר הַחַי וְטִמְּאוֹ הַבָּשָׂר הַחַי טָמֵא הוּא צָרַעַת הוּא׃", 13.16. "אוֹ כִי יָשׁוּב הַבָּשָׂר הַחַי וְנֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן וּבָא אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן׃", 13.17. "וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה נֶהְפַּךְ הַנֶּגַע לְלָבָן וְטִהַר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע טָהוֹר הוּא׃", 13.18. "וּבָשָׂר כִּי־יִהְיֶה בוֹ־בְעֹרוֹ שְׁחִין וְנִרְפָּא׃", 13.19. "וְהָיָה בִּמְקוֹם הַשְּׁחִין שְׂאֵת לְבָנָה אוֹ בַהֶרֶת לְבָנָה אֲדַמְדָּמֶת וְנִרְאָה אֶל־הַכֹּהֵן׃", 13.21. "וְאִם יִרְאֶנָּה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה אֵין־בָּהּ שֵׂעָר לָבָן וּשְׁפָלָה אֵינֶנָּה מִן־הָעוֹר וְהִיא כֵהָה וְהִסְגִּירוֹ הַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים׃", 13.22. "וְאִם־פָּשֹׂה תִפְשֶׂה בָּעוֹר וְטִמֵּא הַכֹּהֵן אֹתוֹ נֶגַע הִוא׃", 13.23. "וְאִם־תַּחְתֶּיהָ תַּעֲמֹד הַבַּהֶרֶת לֹא פָשָׂתָה צָרֶבֶת הַשְּׁחִין הִוא וְטִהֲרוֹ הַכֹּהֵן׃", 13.24. "אוֹ בָשָׂר כִּי־יִהְיֶה בְעֹרוֹ מִכְוַת־אֵשׁ וְהָיְתָה מִחְיַת הַמִּכְוָה בַּהֶרֶת לְבָנָה אֲדַמְדֶּמֶת אוֹ לְבָנָה׃", 13.25. "וְרָאָה אֹתָהּ הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה נֶהְפַּךְ שֵׂעָר לָבָן בַּבַּהֶרֶת וּמַרְאֶהָ עָמֹק מִן־הָעוֹר צָרַעַת הִוא בַּמִּכְוָה פָּרָחָה וְטִמֵּא אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן נֶגַע צָרַעַת הִוא׃", 13.26. "וְאִם יִרְאֶנָּה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה אֵין־בַּבֶּהֶרֶת שֵׂעָר לָבָן וּשְׁפָלָה אֵינֶנָּה מִן־הָעוֹר וְהִוא כֵהָה וְהִסְגִּירוֹ הַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים׃", 13.27. "וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי אִם־פָּשֹׂה תִפְשֶׂה בָּעוֹר וְטִמֵּא הַכֹּהֵן אֹתוֹ נֶגַע צָרַעַת הִוא׃", 13.28. "וְאִם־תַּחְתֶּיהָ תַעֲמֹד הַבַּהֶרֶת לֹא־פָשְׂתָה בָעוֹר וְהִוא כֵהָה שְׂאֵת הַמִּכְוָה הִוא וְטִהֲרוֹ הַכֹּהֵן כִּי־צָרֶבֶת הַמִּכְוָה הִוא׃", 13.29. "וְאִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה כִּי־יִהְיֶה בוֹ נָגַע בְּרֹאשׁ אוֹ בְזָקָן׃", 13.31. "וְכִי־יִרְאֶה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־נֶגַע הַנֶּתֶק וְהִנֵּה אֵין־מַרְאֵהוּ עָמֹק מִן־הָעוֹר וְשֵׂעָר שָׁחֹר אֵין בּוֹ וְהִסְגִּיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־נֶגַע הַנֶּתֶק שִׁבְעַת יָמִים׃", 13.32. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְהִנֵּה לֹא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּתֶק וְלֹא־הָיָה בוֹ שֵׂעָר צָהֹב וּמַרְאֵה הַנֶּתֶק אֵין עָמֹק מִן־הָעוֹר׃", 13.33. "וְהִתְגַּלָּח וְאֶת־הַנֶּתֶק לֹא יְגַלֵּחַ וְהִסְגִּיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּתֶק שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שֵׁנִית׃", 13.34. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּתֶק בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְהִנֵּה לֹא־פָשָׂה הַנֶּתֶק בָּעוֹר וּמַרְאֵהוּ אֵינֶנּוּ עָמֹק מִן־הָעוֹר וְטִהַר אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָהֵר׃", 13.35. "וְאִם־פָּשֹׂה יִפְשֶׂה הַנֶּתֶק בָּעוֹר אַחֲרֵי טָהֳרָתוֹ׃", 13.36. "וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה פָּשָׂה הַנֶּתֶק בָּעוֹר לֹא־יְבַקֵּר הַכֹּהֵן לַשֵּׂעָר הַצָּהֹב טָמֵא הוּא׃", 13.37. "וְאִם־בְּעֵינָיו עָמַד הַנֶּתֶק וְשֵׂעָר שָׁחֹר צָמַח־בּוֹ נִרְפָּא הַנֶּתֶק טָהוֹר הוּא וְטִהֲרוֹ הַכֹּהֵן׃", 13.38. "וְאִישׁ אוֹ־אִשָּׁה כִּי־יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרָם בֶּהָרֹת בֶּהָרֹת לְבָנֹת׃", 13.39. "וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה בְעוֹר־בְּשָׂרָם בֶּהָרֹת כֵּהוֹת לְבָנֹת בֹּהַק הוּא פָּרַח בָּעוֹר טָהוֹר הוּא׃", 13.41. "וְאִם מִפְּאַת פָּנָיו יִמָּרֵט רֹאשׁוֹ גִּבֵּחַ הוּא טָהוֹר הוּא׃", 13.42. "וְכִי־יִהְיֶה בַקָּרַחַת אוֹ בַגַּבַּחַת נֶגַע לָבָן אֲדַמְדָּם צָרַעַת פֹּרַחַת הִוא בְּקָרַחְתּוֹ אוֹ בְגַבַּחְתּוֹ׃", 13.43. "וְרָאָה אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה שְׂאֵת־הַנֶּגַע לְבָנָה אֲדַמְדֶּמֶת בְּקָרַחְתּוֹ אוֹ בְגַבַּחְתּוֹ כְּמַרְאֵה צָרַעַת עוֹר בָּשָׂר׃", 13.44. "אִישׁ־צָרוּעַ הוּא טָמֵא הוּא טַמֵּא יְטַמְּאֶנּוּ הַכֹּהֵן בְּרֹאשׁוֹ נִגְעוֹ׃", | 1.4. "And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the burnt-offering; and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for him.", 3.2. "And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill it at the door of the tent of meeting; and Aaron’s sons the priests shall dash the blood against the altar round about.", 3.8. "And he shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering, and kill it before the tent of meeting; and Aaron’s sons shall dash the blood thereof against the altar round about.", 13.2. "When a man shall have in the skin of his flesh a rising, or a scab, or a bright spot, and it become in the skin of his flesh the plague of leprosy, then he shall be brought unto Aaron the priest, or unto one of his sons the priests.", 13.3. "And the priest shall look upon the plague in the skin of the flesh; and if the hair in the plague be turned white, and the appearance of the plague be deeper than the skin of his flesh, it is the plague of leprosy; and the priest shall look on him, and pronounce him unclean.", 13.4. "And if the bright spot be white in the skin of his flesh, and the appearance thereof be not deeper than the skin, and the hair thereof be not turned white, then the priest shall shut up him that hath the plague seven days.", 13.5. "And the priest shall look on him the seventh day; and, behold, if the plague stay in its appearance, and the plague be not spread in the skin, then the priest shall shut him up seven days more.", 13.6. "And the priest shall look on him again the seventh day; and, behold, if the plague be dim, and the plague be not spread in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him clean: it is a scab; and he shall wash his clothes, and be clean.", 13.7. "But if the scab spread abroad in the skin, after that he hath shown himself to the priest for his cleansing, he shall show himself to the priest again.", 13.8. "And the priest shall look, and, behold, if the scab be spread in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is leprosy.", 13.9. "When the plague of leprosy is in a man, then he shall be brought unto the priest.", 13.10. "And the priest shall look, and, behold, if there be a white rising in the skin, and it have turned the hair white, and there be quick raw flesh in the rising,", 13.11. "it is an old leprosy in the skin of his flesh, and the priest shall pronounce him unclean; he shall not shut him up; for he is unclean.", 13.12. "And if the leprosy break out abroad in the skin, and the leprosy cover all the skin of him that hath the plague from his head even to his feet, as far as appeareth to the priest;", 13.13. "then the priest shall look; and, behold, if the leprosy have covered all his flesh, he shall pronounce him clean that hath the plague; it is all turned white: he is clean.", 13.14. "But whensoever raw flesh appeareth in him, he shall be unclean.", 13.15. "And the priest shall look on the raw flesh, and pronounce him unclean; the raw flesh is unclean: it is leprosy.", 13.16. "But if the raw flesh again be turned into white, then he shall come unto the priest;", 13.17. "and the priest shall look on him; and, behold, if the plague be turned into white, then the priest shall pronounce him clean that hath the plague: he is clean.", 13.18. "And when the flesh hath in the skin thereof a boil, and it is healed,", 13.19. "and in the place of the boil there is a white rising, or a bright spot, reddish-white, then it shall be shown to the priest.", 13.20. "And the priest shall look; and, behold, if the appearance thereof be lower than the skin, and the hair thereof be turned white, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is the plague of leprosy, it hath broken out in the boil.", 13.21. "But if the priest look on it, and, behold, there be no white hairs therein, and it be not lower than the skin, but be dim, then the priest shall shut him up seven days.", 13.22. "And if it spread abroad in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a plague.", 13.23. "But if the bright spot stay in its place, and be not spread, it is the scar of the boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.", 13.24. "Or when the flesh hath in the skin thereof a burning by fire, and the quick flesh of the burning become a bright spot, reddish-white, or white;", 13.25. "then the priest shall look upon it; and, behold, if the hair in the bright spot be turned white, and the appearance thereof be deeper than the skin, it is leprosy, it hath broken out in the burning; and the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is the plague of leprosy.", 13.26. "But if the priest look on it, and, behold, there be no white hair in the bright spot, and it be no lower than the skin, but be dim; then the priest shall shut him up seven days.", 13.27. "And the priest shall look upon him the seventh day; if it spread abroad in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is the plague of leprosy.", 13.28. "And if the bright spot stay in its place, and be not spread in the skin, but be dim, it is the rising of the burning, and the priest shall pronounce him clean; for it is the scar of the burning.", 13.29. "And when a man or woman hath a plague upon the head or upon the beard,", 13.30. "then the priest shall look on the plague; and, behold, if the appearance thereof be deeper than the skin, and there be in it yellow thin hair, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a scall, it is leprosy of the head or of the beard.", 13.31. "And if the priest look on the plague of the scall, and, behold, the appearance thereof be not deeper than the skin, and there be no black hair in it, then the priest shall shut up him that hath the plague of the scall seven days.", 13.32. "And in the seventh day the priest shall look on the plague; and, behold, if the scall be not spread, and there be in it no yellow hair, and the appearance of the scall be not deeper than the skin,", 13.33. "then he shall be shaven, but the scall shall he not shave; and the priest shall shut up him that hath the scall seven days more.", 13.34. "And in the seventh day the priest shall look on the scall; and, behold, if the scall be not spread in the skin, and the appearance thereof be not deeper than the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him clean; and he shall wash his clothes, and be clean.", 13.35. "But if the scall spread abroad in the skin after his cleansing,", 13.36. "then the priest shall look on him; and, behold, if the scall be spread in the skin, the priest shall not seek for the yellow hair: he is unclean.", 13.37. "But if the scall stay in its appearance, and black hair be grown up therein; the scall is healed, he is clean; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.", 13.38. "And if a man or a woman have in the skin of their flesh bright spots, even white bright spots;", 13.39. "then the priest shall look; and, behold, if the bright spots in the skin of their flesh be of a dull white, it is a tetter, it hath broken out in the skin: he is clean.", 13.40. "And if a man’s hair be fallen off his head, he is bald; yet is he clean.", 13.41. "And if his hair be fallen off from the front part of his head, he is forehead-bald; yet is he clean.", 13.42. "But if there be in the bald head, or the bald forehead, a reddish-white plague, it is leprosy breaking out in his bald head, or his bald forehead.", 13.43. "Then the priest shall look upon him; and, behold, if the rising of the plague be reddish-white in his bald head, or in his bald forehead, as the appearance of leprosy in the skin of the flesh,", 13.44. "he is a leprous man, he is unclean; the priest shall surely pronounce him unclean: his plague is in his head. .", |
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4. Hebrew Bible, Genesis, 49.3 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedalyahu Found in books: Schremer (2010) 63| 49.3. "בַּמְּעָרָה אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׂדֵה הַמַּכְפֵּלָה אֲשֶׁר עַל־פְּנֵי־מַמְרֵא בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן אֲשֶׁר קָנָה אַבְרָהָם אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶה מֵאֵת עֶפְרֹן הַחִתִּי לַאֲחֻזַּת־קָבֶר׃", 49.3. "רְאוּבֵן בְּכֹרִי אַתָּה כֹּחִי וְרֵאשִׁית אוֹנִי יֶתֶר שְׂאֵת וְיֶתֶר עָז׃", | 49.3. "Reuben, thou art my first-born, My might, and the first-fruits of my strength; The excellency of dignity, and the excellency of power.", |
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5. Hebrew Bible, Exodus, 19.6 (9th cent. BCE - 3rd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2009) 170| 19.6. "וְאַתֶּם תִּהְיוּ־לִי מַמְלֶכֶת כֹּהֲנִים וְגוֹי קָדוֹשׁ אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר תְּדַבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃", | 19.6. "and ye shall be unto Me a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation. These are the words which thou shalt speak unto the children of Israel.’", |
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6. Septuagint, Judith, 12.7 (2nd cent. BCE - 0th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2009) 311 | 12.7. So Holofernes commanded his guards not to hinder her. And she remained in the camp for three days, and went out each night to the valley of Bethulia, and bathed at the spring in the camp. |
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7. Septuagint, 2 Maccabees, 1.34, 3.4-3.5, 3.7, 3.38, 4.7, 4.16-4.17, 4.21, 4.25, 4.32-4.38, 4.40, 4.50, 5.11, 8.4-8.5, 10.15, 12.34, 12.39-12.41, 13.11, 14.3, 14.18-14.25 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •motifs (thematic), villains as acting alone Found in books: Schwartz (2008) 49, 65, 215 | 1.34. the king investigated the matter, and enclosed the place and made it sacred.' 3.4. But a man named Simon, of the tribe of Benjamin, who had been made captain of the temple, had a disagreement with the high priest about the administration of the city market;' 3.5. and when he could not prevail over Onias he went to Apollonius of Tarsus, who at that time was governor of Coelesyria and Phoenicia.' 3.7. When Apollonius met the king, he told him of the money about which he had been informed. The king chose Heliodorus, who was in charge of his affairs, and sent him with commands to effect the removal of the aforesaid money.' 3.38. If you have any enemy or plotter against your government, send him there, for you will get him back thoroughly scourged, if he escapes at all, for there certainly is about the place some power of God.' 4.7. When Seleucus died and Antiochus who was called Epiphanes succeeded to the kingdom, Jason the brother of Onias obtained the high priesthood by corruption,' 4.16. For this reason heavy disaster overtook them, and those whose ways of living they admired and wished to imitate completely became their enemies and punished them.' 4.17. For it is no light thing to show irreverence to the divine laws -- a fact which later events will make clear." 4.21. When Apollonius the son of Menestheus was sent to Egypt for the coronation of Philometor as king, Antiochus learned that Philometor had become hostile to his government, and he took measures for his own security. Therefore upon arriving at Joppa he proceeded to Jerusalem.' 4.25. After receiving the king's orders he returned, possessing no qualification for the high priesthood, but having the hot temper of a cruel tyrant and the rage of a savage wild beast.' 4.32. But Menelaus, thinking he had obtained a suitable opportunity, stole some of the gold vessels of the temple and gave them to Andronicus; other vessels, as it happened, he had sold to Tyre and the neighboring cities.' 4.33. When Onias became fully aware of these acts he publicly exposed them, having first withdrawn to a place of sanctuary at Daphne near Antioch.' 4.34. Therefore Menelaus, taking Andronicus aside, urged him to kill Onias. Andronicus came to Onias, and resorting to treachery offered him sworn pledges and gave him his right hand, and in spite of his suspicion persuaded Onias to come out from the place of sanctuary; then, with no regard for justice, he immediately put him out of the way.' 4.35. For this reason not only Jews, but many also of other nations, were grieved and displeased at the unjust murder of the man.' 4.36. When the king returned from the region of Cilicia, the Jews in the city appealed to him with regard to the unreasonable murder of Onias, and the Greeks shared their hatred of the crime.' 4.37. Therefore Antiochus was grieved at heart and filled with pity, and wept because of the moderation and good conduct of the deceased;' 4.38. and inflamed with anger, he immediately stripped off the purple robe from Andronicus, tore off his garments, and led him about the whole city to that very place where he had committed the outrage against Onias, and there he dispatched the bloodthirsty fellow. The Lord thus repaid him with the punishment he deserved.' 4.40. And since the crowds were becoming aroused and filled with anger, Lysimachus armed about three thousand men and launched an unjust attack, under the leadership of a certain Auranus, a man advanced in years and no less advanced in folly.' 4.50. But Menelaus, because of the cupidity of those in power, remained in office, growing in wickedness, having become the chief plotter against his fellow citizens.' 5.11. When news of what had happened reached the king, he took it to mean that Judea was in revolt. So, raging inwardly, he left Egypt and took the city by storm.' 8.4. and to remember also the lawless destruction of the innocent babies and the blasphemies committed against his name, and to show his hatred of evil.' 8.5. As soon as Maccabeus got his army organized, the Gentiles could not withstand him, for the wrath of the Lord had turned to mercy.' 10.15. Besides this, the Idumeans, who had control of important strongholds, were harassing the Jews; they received those who were banished from Jerusalem, and endeavored to keep up the war.' 12.34. When they joined battle, it happened that a few of the Jews fell.' 12.39. On the next day, as by that time it had become necessary, Judas and his men went to take up the bodies of the fallen and to bring them back to lie with their kinsmen in the sepulchres of their fathers.' 12.40. Then under the tunic of every one of the dead they found sacred tokens of the idols of Jamnia, which the law forbids the Jews to wear. And it became clear to all that this was why these men had fallen.' 12.41. So they all blessed the ways of the Lord, the righteous Judge, who reveals the things that are hidden;' 13.11. and not to let the people who had just begun to revive fall into the hands of the blasphemous Gentiles." 14.3. Now a certain Alcimus, who had formerly been high priest but had wilfully defiled himself in the times of separation, realized that there was no way for him to be safe or to have access again to the holy altar,' 14.18. Nevertheless Nicanor, hearing of the valor of Judas and his men and their courage in battle for their country, shrank from deciding the issue by bloodshed.' 14.19. Therefore he sent Posidonius and Theodotus and Mattathias to give and receive pledges of friendship." 14.20. When the terms had been fully considered, and the leader had informed the people, and it had appeared that they were of one mind, they agreed to the covet.' 14.21. And the leaders set a day on which to meet by themselves. A chariot came forward from each army; seats of honor were set in place;" 14.22. Judas posted armed men in readiness at key places to prevent sudden treachery on the part of the enemy; they held the proper conference." 14.23. Nicanor stayed on in Jerusalem and did nothing out of the way, but dismissed the flocks of people that had gathered.' 14.24. And he kept Judas always in his presence; he was warmly attached to the man." 14.25. And he urged him to marry and have children; so he married, settled down, and shared the common life.' |
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8. Septuagint, 1 Maccabees, 1.11, 1.30, 1.43, 1.52, 2.16, 2.24, 2.26-2.27, 2.50, 2.54, 2.58, 6.21, 6.62, 7.5, 7.18, 7.22, 9.23, 9.58, 9.69, 10.14, 10.61, 11.25, 15.27 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •motifs (thematic), villains as acting alone Found in books: Schwartz (2008) 49, 215 | 1.11. In those days lawless men came forth from Israel, and misled many, saying, "Let us go and make a covet with the Gentiles round about us, for since we separated from them many evils have come upon us." 1.30. Deceitfully he spoke peaceable words to them, and they believed him; but he suddenly fell upon the city, dealt it a severe blow, and destroyed many people of Israel. 1.43. All the Gentiles accepted the command of the king. Many even from Israel gladly adopted his religion; they sacrificed to idols and profaned the sabbath. 1.52. Many of the people, every one who forsook the law, joined them, and they did evil in the land; 2.16. Many from Israel came to them; and Mattathias and his sons were assembled. 2.24. When Mattathias saw it, be burned with zeal and his heart was stirred. He gave vent to righteous anger; he ran and killed him upon the altar. 2.26. Thus he burned with zeal for the law, as Phinehas did against Zimri the son of Salu. 2.27. Then Mattathias cried out in the city with a loud voice, saying: "Let every one who is zealous for the law and supports the covet come out with me!" 2.50. Now, my children, show zeal for the law, and give your lives for the covet of our fathers. 2.54. Phinehas our father, because he was deeply zealous, received the covet of everlasting priesthood. 2.58. Elijah because of great zeal for the law was taken up into heaven. 6.21. But some of the garrison escaped from the siege and some of the ungodly Israelites joined them. 6.62. But when the king entered Mount Zion and saw what a strong fortress the place was, he broke the oath he had sworn and gave orders to tear down the wall all around. 7.5. Then there came to him all the lawless and ungodly men of Israel; they were led by Alcimus, who wanted to be high priest. 7.18. Then the fear and dread of them fell upon all the people, for they said, "There is no truth or justice in them, for they have violated the agreement and the oath which they swore." 7.22. and all who were troubling their people joined him. They gained control of the land of Judah and did great damage in Israel. 9.23. After the death of Judas, the lawless emerged in all parts of Israel; all the doers of injustice appeared. 9.58. Then all the lawless plotted and said, "See! Jonathan and his men are living in quiet and confidence. So now let us bring Bacchides back, and he will capture them all in one night." 9.69. So he was greatly enraged at the lawless men who had counseled him to come into the country, and he killed many of them. Then he decided to depart to his own land. 10.14. Only in Beth-zur did some remain who had forsaken the law and the commandments, for it served as a place of refuge. 10.61. A group of pestilent men from Israel, lawless men, gathered together against him to accuse him; but the king paid no attention to them. 11.25. Although certain lawless men of his nation kept making complaints against him, 15.27. But he refused to receive them, and he broke all the agreements he formerly had made with Simon, and became estranged from him. |
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| 9. Dead Sea Scrolls, Community Rule, 3.13-4.26 (2nd cent. BCE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2019) 151 |
10. Polybius, Histories, 6.20.9, 31.13.2-31.13.3 (2nd cent. BCE - 2nd cent. BCE) Tagged with subjects: •motifs (thematic), villains as acting alone Found in books: Schwartz (2008) 215| 6.20.9. μετὰ ταῦτα τοὺς ἱππεῖς τὸ μὲν παλαιὸν ὑστέρους εἰώθεσαν δοκιμάζειν ἐπὶ τοῖς τετρακισχιλίοις διακοσίοις, νῦν δὲ προτέρους, πλουτίνδην αὐτῶν γεγενημένης ὑπὸ τοῦ τιμητοῦ τῆς ἐκλογῆς· καὶ ποιοῦσι τριακοσίους εἰς ἕκαστον στρατόπεδον. 31.13.2. ὁ δὲ σύντροφος Ἀπολλώνιος ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὐτῷ μετεῖχε τῆς ἐπιβολῆς· δυεῖν δʼ ὑπαρχόντων ἀδελφῶν, Μελεάγρου καὶ Μενεσθέως, τούτοις ἐκοινώσατο τὴν πρᾶξιν, ἄλλῳ δʼ οὐδενὶ τῶν μετʼ αὐτοῦ, καίτοι πλειόνων ὄντων. 31.13.3. οὗτοι δʼ ἦσαν Ἀπολλωνίου κατὰ φύσιν υἱοί, τοῦ μεγάλην μὲν εὐκαιρίαν ἔχοντος παρὰ Σελεύκῳ, μεταστάντος δὲ κατὰ τὴν Ἀντιόχου μετάληψιν τῆς ἀρχῆς εἰς Μίλητον. | 6.20.9. the old system was to choose the cavalry after the four thousand two hundred infantry, but they now choose them first, the censor selecting them according to their wealth; and three hundred are assigned to each legion. 31.13.2. His foster-brother Apollonius had taken part in the project from the outset, and he also took the two brothers of Apollonius, Meleager and Menestheus, into his confidence, but no other member of his suite, though it was fairly numerous. 31.13.3. These brothers were really the sons of the Apollonius who had stood in high favour with Seleucus, but had removed to Miletus upon Antiochus succeeding to the crown. |
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11. Tosefta, Zavim, 2.1 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. •alon, gedalyahu Found in books: Balberg (2014) 126; Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 263; Porton (1988) 275| 2.1. "העובדי כוכבים והגר תושב אינן מטמאין בזיבה ואע\"פ שאינן מטמאין בזיבה טמאין כזבין לכל דבריהם. ושורפין עליהן את התרומה ואין חייבין עליהן על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו. טומטום ואנדרוגינוס שראו בין לובן בין אודם אין שורפין עליהן את התרומה ואין חייבין עליהן על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו ראו לובן או אודם כאחד שורפין עליהן את התרומה ואין חייבין עליהן על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו. הנוגע בלובן ואודם ונכנס למקדש פטור. הוא עצמו שנגע בלובן ואודם ונכנס למקדש פטור. היה מונה ללובן וראה אודם לאודם וראה לובן הרי זה אינו סותר.", | |
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12. Tosefta, Miqvaot, 6.1, 6.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 273| 6.1. "ארץ הכותים טהורה מקוותיה ומדוריה ושביליה טהורות. ארץ העמים טמאה מקוותיה ומדוריה ושביליה טמאין. מקוואות העמים שבחוצה לארץ כשרים לבעלי קריין ופסולין לכל הטמאין ושבארץ ישראל שחוץ מן המפתח לכל הטמאין וא\"צ לומר לבעלי קריין ושלפנים מן המפתח פסולין לבעלי קריין וא\"צ לומר לכל הטמאין דברי ר\"מ ר' יהודה אומר כשרין לבעלי קריין מפני שבעל קרי טובל במ' סאה בכל מקום. ושחוץ מן המפתח כשרין אף לנדות. אמר רשב\"ג הלכה אין לי. אלא מעשה במערה שהיתה בגינתו של מוסק אחד בדמיו שהיו כהנים כובשין את הגדר ויורדין וטובלין לתוכה. <א\"ר יהודה> מעשה במקוה שבין אושא לשפרעם <ושל שפרעם היה> והיה ר' דוסא מושיב בו <עליו> ב' תלמידי חכמים כדי שיקוו בו המים מ' סאה. שוב מעשה ברום בתענת שקוות יתר מאלפים כור ובאו ושאלו את ר' חנניא בן תרדיון ופסל שאני אומר נכנסו עובדי כוכבים וזלפוה בלילה וחזרו ומילאו אותו בקילון. ומעשה בר\"ג ואונקלוס הגר שהיו באשקלון וטבל ר\"ג במרחץ ואונקלוס בים. אמר ר' יהושע בן קופסאי עמהן הייתי ולא טבל ר\"ג אלא בים.", 6.3. "המהרהר בלבו ועמד ומצא בשרו חם טמא. חם ולא הרהר הרהר ולא חם טהור ר' יוסי אומר בזקן ובחולה טהור בילד ובבריא טמא.", | |
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13. Tosefta, Niddah, 5.5, 9.14 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 263; Porton (1988) 273, 275| 5.5. "יש מקשה עשרים וחמשה ואינה זבה כיצד שנים בלא עת ושבעה נדה ארבעה עשר כיולדת הנקבה. אבל אי אפשר שתקשה עשרים וששה יום במקום שאינו ולד ילדה בזוב. יש רואה מאה זבה ואינו זבה שנים בלא עת ושבעה נדה ושנים לאחר נדה ושמונים של נקבה ושבעה נדה ושנים שלאחר נדה רמ\"א מאה וחמשים שנים בלא עת ושבעה נדה ושנים שלאחר נדה ושמונים של נקבה ושבעה נדה ושנים לאחר נדה וחמשים תלוים בולד אמרו לו כדבריך יכולה היא שתקשה כל ימיה ולא תהא זבה בהן. קישת ג' ימים זה אחר זה אסורה לביתה ואסורה לאכול בתרומתה והרי זו בחזקת מעוברת. קישת ואח\"כ הפילה דבר שאינו ולד ילדה בזוב המקשה ויצא דרך דופנה ילדה בזוב ר\"ש אומר לא ילדה בזוב דם היוצא משם טמא ר\"ש מטמא.", | |
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14. Tosefta, Toharot, 6.11, 8.9 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 275| 8.9. "היה לבוש חלוק ועטוף בטלית ואמר בלבי על החלוק ולא בלבי על הטלית החלוק טהור והטלית טמאה. היה סל על כתיפו והמגריפה בתוכה אמר בלבי על הסל ולא בלבי על המגריפה הסל טהור והמגריפה טמאה.", | |
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15. Josephus Flavius, Jewish Antiquities, 17.42 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 93 | 17.42. Accordingly, when all the people of the Jews gave assurance of their good-will to Caesar, and to the king’s government, these very men did not swear, being above six thousand; and when the king imposed a fine upon them, Pheroras’s wife paid their fine for them. |
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16. Josephus Flavius, Jewish War, 4.151-4.154, 7.431 (1st cent. CE - 1st cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah •motifs (thematic), villains as acting alone •alon, g. Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 93; Klawans (2009) 305; Schwartz (2008) 215 | 4.151. 7. And now the multitude were going to rise against them already; for Aus, the ancientest of the high priests, persuaded them to it. He was a very prudent man, and had perhaps saved the city if he could but have escaped the hands of those that plotted against him. These men made the temple of God a stronghold for them, and a place whither they might resort, in order to avoid the troubles they feared from the people; the sanctuary was now become a refuge, and a shop of tyranny. 4.152. They also mixed jesting among the miseries they introduced, which was more intolerable than what they did; 4.153. for in order to try what surprise the people would be under, and how far their own power extended, they undertook to dispose of the high priesthood by casting lots for it, whereas, as we have said already, it was to descend by succession in a family. 4.154. The pretense they made for this strange attempt was an ancient practice, while they said that of old it was determined by lot; but in truth, it was no better than a dissolution of an undeniable law, and a cunning contrivance to seize upon the government, derived from those that presumed to appoint governors as they themselves pleased. 7.431. Yet did not Onias do this out of a sober disposition, but he had a mind to contend with the Jews at Jerusalem, and could not forget the indignation he had for being banished thence. Accordingly, he thought that by building this temple he should draw away a great number from them to himself. |
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17. Tosefta, Oholot, 9.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 275| 9.2. "טומאה שהיא נתונה בכותל אפילו מחצה על מחצה וכן עדר בהמה חיה ועוף וכן החיים שהיו מהלכין זה אחר זה אפי' ראשו של זה בין רגליו של זה וראשו של זה בין רגליו של זה אין הנזיר מגלח עליהן ואין חייבין עליהן על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו.", | |
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18. Mishnah, Avodah Zarah, 1.7, 4.9-4.12, 5.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 263| 1.7. "אֵין מוֹכְרִין לָהֶם דֻּבִּין וַאֲרָיוֹת וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ נֵזֶק לָרַבִּים. אֵין בּוֹנִין עִמָּהֶם בָּסִילְקִי, גַּרְדּוֹם, וְאִצְטַדְיָא, וּבִימָה. אֲבָל בּוֹנִים עִמָּהֶם בִּימוֹסְיָאוֹת וּבֵית מֶרְחֲצָאוֹת. הִגִּיעוּ לַכִּפָּה שֶׁמַּעֲמִידִין בָּהּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אָסוּר לִבְנוֹת: \n", 4.9. "דּוֹרְכִין עִם הַגּוֹי בַּגַּת, אֲבָל לֹא בוֹצְרִין עִמּוֹ. יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְטֻמְאָה, לֹא דוֹרְכִין וְלֹא בוֹצְרִין עִמּוֹ, אֲבָל מוֹלִיכִין עִמּוֹ חָבִיּוֹת לַגַּת, וּמְבִיאִין עִמּוֹ מִן הַגָּת. נַחְתּוֹם שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְטֻמְאָה, לֹא לָשִׁין וְלֹא עוֹרְכִין עִמּוֹ, אֲבָל מוֹלִיכִין עִמּוֹ פַת לַפַּלְטֵר: \n", 4.10. "גּוֹי שֶׁנִּמְצָא עוֹמֵד בְּצַד הַבּוֹר שֶׁל יַיִן, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ עָלָיו מִלְוָה, אָסוּר. אֵין לוֹ עָלָיו מִלְוָה, מֻתָּר. נָפַל לַבּוֹר וְעָלָה, וּמְדָדוֹ בַקָּנֶה, הִתִּיז אֶת הַצִּרְעָה בַקָּנֶה אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה מְטַפֵּחַ עַל פִּי חָבִית מְרֻתַּחַת, בְּכָל אֵלּוּ הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה, וְאָמְרוּ יִמָּכֵר. וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר. נָטַל אֶת הֶחָבִית וּזְרָקָהּ בַּחֲמָתוֹ לַבּוֹר, זֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה וְהִכְשִׁירוּ: \n", 4.11. "הַמְטַהֵר יֵינוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי וְנוֹתְנוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ בְּבַיִת הַפָּתוּחַ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, בְּעִיר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ גּוֹיִם וְיִשְׂרְאֵלִים, מֻתָּר. בְּעִיר שֶׁכֻּלָּהּ גּוֹיִם, אָסוּר, עַד שֶׁיּוֹשִׁיב שׁוֹמֵר. וְאֵין הַשּׁוֹמֵר צָרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֵׁב וּמְשַׁמֵּר. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא וְנִכְנָס, מֻתָּר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, כָּל רְשׁוּת גּוֹיִם אַחַת הִיא: \n", 4.12. "הַמְּטַהֵר יֵינוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי וְנוֹתְנוֹ בִרְשׁוּתוֹ, וְהַלָּה כוֹתֵב לוֹ, הִתְקַבַּלְתִּי מִמְּךָ מָעוֹת, מֻתָּר. אֲבָל אִם יִרְצֶה יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהוֹצִיאוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מַנִּיחוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן לוֹ אֶת מְעוֹתָיו, זֶה הָיָה מַעֲשֶׂה בְבֵית שְׁאָן, וְאָסְרוּ חֲכָמִים: \n", 5.5. "הָיָה אוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהִנִּיחַ לְגִינָה עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, וּלְגִינָה עַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי, וְהִנִּיחוֹ וְיָצָא, מַה שֶּׁעַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אָסוּר. וּמַה שֶּׁעַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי, מֻתָּר. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ הֱוֵי מוֹזֵג וְשׁוֹתֶה, אַף שֶׁעַל הַדֻּלְבְּקִי אָסוּר. חָבִיּוֹת פְּתוּחוֹת, אֲסוּרוֹת. סְתוּמוֹת, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּפְתַּח וְיָגוּף וְתִגֹּב: \n", | 1.7. "One should not sell them bears, lions or anything which may injure the public. One should not join them in building a basilica, a scaffold, a stadium, or a platform. But one may join them in building public or private bathhouses. When however he reaches the cupola in which the idol is placed he must not build.", 4.9. "A Jew may tread the winepress together with a non-Jew but may not pick grapes with him. If an israelite was working in a state of ritual impurity, one may neither tread nor pick with him, but one may move [empty] casks with him to the press and carry them [filled] with him from the press. If a baker was working in a state of ritual impurity, one may neither knead nor roll dough with him but we may carry loaves with him to the bakery.", 4.10. "If a non-Jew was found standing by the side of a vat of wine, if he had loaned money to the Jew, then [the wine] is prohibited; but should he not have loaned money to the Jew, then it is permitted. If [a non-Jew] fell into a vat and climbed out, or measured it with a reed, or flicked out a hornet with a reed, or tapped on the top of a frothing cask All of these things actually happened, and [the Rabbis] said that the wine may be sold, but Rabbi Shimon permits it [even to be drunk]. If [a non-Jew] took a cask, and in his anger threw it into the vat this actually happened and [the Rabbis] declared it fit [for drinking].", 4.11. "If [an Jew] prepares a non-Jew's wine in a state of ritual purity and leaves it in [the non-Jew’s] domain, in a house which is open to the public domain, should it be in a city where non-Jews and Jews reside, it is permitted. But should it be in a city where only non-Jews reside it is prohibited unless [an Jew] sits and guard. There is no need for the guard to sit and watch [the whole time]; even if he keeps going out and coming in it is permitted. Rabbi Shimon ben Eleazar says: it is all one with the domain of a non-Jew.", 4.12. "If [a Jew] prepares a non-Jew’s wine in a state of ritual purity and leaves it in [the non-Jew’s] domain, and the [non-Jew] writes for him “I have received the money from you,” then [the wine] is permitted. If, however, the Jew wished to remove it and [the non-Jew] refuses to let it go until he paid him this actually happened in Beth-Shan and [the Rabbis] prohibited it.", 5.5. "If [a Jew] was eating with [a non-Jew] at a table and set some flasks upon the table and others upon a side-table and leaving them there went out, what is upon the table is prohibited and what is upon the side-table is permitted. And should he have said to him, “mix [some of the wine with water] and drink,” even what is upon the side-table is prohibited. Opened casks are prohibited, and the closed ones are permitted [except when he was absent a length of time] sufficient for [the non-Jew] to open it, put a new stopper on and [the new stopper] to become dry.", |
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| 19. Tosefta, Parah, 12.11 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 273 |
20. Tosefta, Zevahim, 5.6 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 265| 5.6. "חומר בטמא שאין ביוצא וביוצא שאין בטמא שהטמא נוהג בקדשי קדשים ובקדשים קלים ונוהג בקדשי הגבול מה שאין כן ביוצא. חומר ביוצא שהיוצא לא הותר מכללו ואין הציץ מרצה עליו מה שאין כן בטמא. באיזה טמא אמרו בטמא שאכל בשר טהור ובשר טמא אבל טהור שאכל בשר טמא והאוכל מן הקדשים <לאחר> [לפני] זריקת דמן ומן העולה ומן האמורין בין לפני זריקת דמן ובין לאחר זריקת דמן הרי זה לוקה את הארבעים כללו של דבר אין חייבין קרבן אלא על פגול ונותר וטמא.", | |
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21. Tosefta, Shekalim, 1.7 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 265| 1.7. "אין מביאין מנחות ונסכים ומנחות תודה ולחמה [של] תודה מן הטבל ומן התרומה ומן המעשר ראשון שלא ניטלה תרומתו וממעשר שני והקדש שלא נפדו מן המדומע מן החדש ומפירות שביעית ואם הביא הרי אלו פסולין ואין צריך לומר מן הערלה וכלאי הכרם.", | |
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| 22. Mishnah, Bava Batra, 1-2 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 82 |
23. Mishnah, Makkot, 2.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 263| 2.3. "הָאָב גּוֹלֶה עַל יְדֵי הַבֵּן, וְהַבֵּן גּוֹלֶה עַל יְדֵי הָאָב. הַכֹּל גּוֹלִין עַל יְדֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְיִשְׂרָאֵל גּוֹלִין עַל יְדֵיהֶן, חוּץ מֵעַל יְדֵי גֵּר תּוֹשָׁב. וְגֵר תּוֹשָׁב אֵינוֹ גוֹלֶה אֶלָּא עַל יְדֵי גֵּר תּוֹשָׁב. הַסּוּמָא אֵינוֹ גוֹלֶה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, גּוֹלֶה. הַשּׂוֹנֵא אֵינוֹ גוֹלֶה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַשּׂוֹנֵא נֶהֱרָג, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְמוּעָד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, יֵשׁ שׂוֹנֵא גוֹלֶה וְיֵשׁ שׂוֹנֵא שֶׁאֵינוֹ גוֹלֶה. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לוֹמַר לְדַעַת הָרַג, אֵינוֹ גוֹלֶה. וְשֶׁלֹּא לְדַעַת הָרַג, הֲרֵי זֶה גוֹלֶה: \n", | 2.3. "The father goes into banishment for [the death of] his son, and the son goes into banishment for [that of] his father. All go into banishment for [the death of] an Israelite, and Israelites go into banishment on their account, except for a resident alien. And a resident alien does not go into banishment except for [the death of another] resident alien. A blind person does not go into banishment, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: “He goes into banishment.” An enemy does not go into banishment. Rabbi Yose bar Judah says: “An enemy is executed, for it is as if he has been warned.” Rabbi Shimon says: “There is an enemy that goes into banishment and there is an enemy that does not go into banishment: wherever it can be said that he had killed [his victim] wittingly, he goes not into banishment, and where he had slain unwittingly, he goes into banishment.", |
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24. Mishnah, Kelim, 1.1-1.4 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 280| 1.1. "אֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ, וְשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, וּטְמֵא מֵת, וְהַמְּצֹרָע בִּימֵי סָפְרוֹ, וּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם וְכֵלִים בְּמַגָּע, וּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ בַּאֲוִיר, וְאֵינָם מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַשָּׂא: \n", 1.2. "לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶם, נְבֵלָה, וּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, שֶׁהֵם מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הָאָדָם בְּמַשָּׂא לְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים בְּמַגָּע, וַחֲשׂוּכֵי בְגָדִים בְּמַגָּע: \n", 1.3. "לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, זוֹבוֹ שֶׁל זָב וְרֻקּוֹ וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ וּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו, וְדַם הַנִּדָּה, שֶׁהֵן מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא. לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, מֶרְכָּב, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא תַּחַת אֶבֶן מְסָמָא. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמֶּרְכָּב, מִשְׁכָּב, שֶׁשָּׁוֶה מַגָּעוֹ לְמַשָּׂאוֹ. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמִּשְׁכָּב, הַזָּב, שֶׁהַזָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב, וְאֵין מִשְׁכָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב: \n", 1.4. "לְמַעְלָה מִן הַזָּב, זָבָה, שֶׁהִיא מְטַמְּאָה אֶת בּוֹעֲלָהּ. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַזָּבָה, מְצֹרָע, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְּבִיאָה. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמְּצֹרָע, עֶצֶם כַּשְּׂעֹרָה, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. חָמוּר מִכֻּלָּם, הַמֵּת, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא בְאֹהֶל, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֻּלָּם מְטַמְּאִין: \n", | 1.1. "The fathers of impurity are a: sheretz, semen, [an Israelite] who has contracted corpse impurity, a metzora during the days of his counting, and the waters of purification whose quantity is less than the minimum needed for sprinkling. Behold, these convey impurity to people and vessels by contact and to earthenware by presence within their airspace, But they do not convey impurity by being carried.", 1.2. "Above them are nevelah and waters of purification whose quantity is sufficient to be sprinkled, for these convey impurity to a person [even] by being carried so that he in turn conveys impurity to clothing by contact. Clothing, however, is free from impurity where there was contact alone.", 1.3. "Above them is one who had intercourse with a menstruant, for he defiles the bottom [bedding] upon which he lies as he does the top [bedding]. Above them is the issue of a zav, his spit, his semen and his urine, and the blood of a menstruant, for they convey impurity both by contact and by carrying. Above them is an object on which one can ride, for it conveys impurity even when it lies under a heavy stone. Above the object on which one can ride is that on which one can lie, for contact is the same as its carrying. Above the object on which one can lie is the zav, for a zav conveys impurity to the object on which he lies, while the object on which he lies cannot convey the same impurity to that upon which it lies.", 1.4. "Above the zav is the zavah, for she conveys impurity to the man who has intercourse with her. Above the zavah is the metzora, for he conveys impurity by entering into a house. Above the metzora is a [human] bone the size of a barley grain, for it conveys impurity for seven days. More strict than all these is a corpse, for it conveys impurity by ohel (tent) whereby all the others convey no impurity.", |
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25. Mishnah, Menachot, 5.3, 5.6, 6.1, 9.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 263; Porton (1988) 265| 5.3. "יֵשׁ טְעוּנוֹת שֶׁמֶן וּלְבוֹנָה, שֶׁמֶן וְלֹא לְבוֹנָה, לְבוֹנָה וְלֹא שֶׁמֶן, לֹא שֶׁמֶן וְלֹא לְבוֹנָה. וְאֵלּוּ טְעוּנוֹת שֶׁמֶן וּלְבוֹנָה, מִנְחַת הַסֹּלֶת, וְהַמַּחֲבַת, וְהַמַּרְחֶשֶׁת, וְהַחַלּוֹת, וְהָרְקִיקִין, מִנְחַת כֹּהֲנִים, וּמִנְחַת כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ, וּמִנְחַת גּוֹיִם, וּמִנְחַת נָשִׁים, וּמִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר. מִנְחַת נְסָכִין טְעוּנָה שֶׁמֶן, וְאֵין טְעוּנָה לְבוֹנָה. לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים טָעוּן לְבוֹנָה, וְאֵין טָעוּן שָׁמֶן. שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא וּמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת, לֹא שֶׁמֶן וְלֹא לְבוֹנָה: \n", 5.6. "אֵלּוּ טְעוּנִין תְּנוּפָה וְאֵין טְעוּנִין הַגָּשָׁה, לֹג שֶׁמֶן שֶׁל מְצֹרָע וַאֲשָׁמוֹ, וְהַבִּכּוּרִים כְּדִבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב, וְאֵמוּרֵי שַׁלְמֵי יָחִיד וְחָזֶה וָשׁוֹק שֶׁלָּהֶן, אֶחָד אֲנָשִׁים, וְאֶחָד נָשִׁים, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲבָל לֹא בַאֲחֵרִים, וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, וּשְׁנֵי כִבְשֵׂי עֲצָרֶת. כֵּיצַד הוּא עוֹשֶׂה, נוֹתֵן שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם עַל גַּבֵּי שְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים, וּמַנִּיחַ שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו מִלְּמַטָּן, מוֹלִיךְ וּמֵבִיא, מַעֲלֶה וּמוֹרִיד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כט), אֲשֶׁר הוּנַף וַאֲשֶׁר הוּרָם. תְּנוּפָה הָיְתָה בַמִּזְרָח, וְהַגָּשָׁה בַּמַּעֲרָב. וּתְנוּפוֹת קוֹדְמוֹת לְהַגָּשׁוֹת. מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר וּמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת, טְעוּנוֹת תְּנוּפָה וְהַגָּשָׁה. לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים וּמִנְחַת נְסָכִים, לֹא תְנוּפָה וְלֹא הַגָּשָׁה: \n", 6.1. "אֵלּוּ מְנָחוֹת נִקְמָצוֹת וּשְׁיָרֵיהֶן לַכֹּהֲנִים, מִנְחַת סֹלֶת, וְהַמַּחֲבַת, וְהַמַּרְחֶשֶׁת, וְהַחַלּוֹת, וְהָרְקִיקִין, מִנְחַת גּוֹיִם, מִנְחַת נָשִׁים, מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר, מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא, וּמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים נִקְמֶצֶת, וְהַקֹּמֶץ קָרֵב לְעַצְמוֹ, וְהַשִּׁירַיִם קְרֵבִין לְעַצְמָן: \n", 9.8. "הַכֹּל סוֹמְכִין, חוּץ מֵחֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה, וְקָטָן, סוּמָא, וְנָכְרִי, וְהָעֶבֶד, וְהַשָּׁלִיחַ, וְהָאִשָּׁה. וּסְמִיכָה, שְׁיָרֵי מִצְוָה, עַל הָרֹאשׁ, בִּשְׁתֵּי יָדָיִם. וּבִמְקוֹם שֶׁסּוֹמְכִין שׁוֹחֲטִין, וְתֵכֶף לַסְּמִיכָה שְׁחִיטָה: \n", | 5.3. "Some [minhahs] require oil and frankincense, some require oil but not frankincense, some frankincense but not oil, and some neither oil nor frankincense. These require oil and frankincense: the minhah of fine flour, that prepared on a griddle, that prepared in a pan, the cakes and the wafers, the minhah of the priests, the minhah of the anointed high priest, the minhah of a gentile, the minhah of women, and the minhah of the omer. The minhah offered with the drink-offerings requires oil but not frankincense. The showbread requires frankincense but not oil. The two loaves, the sinner's minhah and the minhah of jealousy require neither oil nor frankincense.", 5.6. "These require waving but not bringing near: The log of oil of the leper and his guilt-offering, The first fruits, according to Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov, The innards of an individual’s shelamim and its breast and thigh, whether they are the offerings of men or of women, by Israelites but not by others; The two loaves and the two lambs of Shavuot. How does he perform [the waving]? He places the two loaves upon the two lambs and puts his two hands beneath them and waves them forward and backward and upward and downward, for it is written, “which is waved and which is lifted up” (Exodus 29:27). The waving was performed on the east side [of the altar] and the bringing near on the west side. The ceremony of waving comes before that of bringing near. The minhah of the omer and the minhah of jealousy require bringing near and waving. The showbread and the minhah with the libations require neither bringing near nor waving.", 6.1. "From the following menahot the handful must be taken and the remainder is for the priests: The minhah of fine flour, that prepared on a griddle, that prepared in a pan, the loaves and the wafers, the minhah of a Gentile, the minhah of women, the minhah of the omer, the sinners’ minhah, and the minhah of jealousy. Rabbi Shimon says: a sinners’ minhah brought by priests the handful is taken, and the handful is offered by itself and so also the remainder is offered by itself.", 9.8. "All lay hands on the offering except a deaf-mute, an imbecile, a minor, a blind man, a gentile, a slave, an agent, or a woman. The laying on of hands is outside the commandment. [One must lay] the hands: On the head of the animal, Both hands In the place where one lays on the hands there the animal must be slaughtered; And the slaughtering must immediately follow the laying on of hands.", |
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26. Mishnah, Miqvaot, 3.4, 8.1 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 273| 3.4. "מִכְּלִי אֶחָד, מִשְּׁנַיִם וּמִשְּׁלשָׁה, מִצְטָרְפִין. וּמֵאַרְבָּעָה, אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין. בַּעַל קֶרִי הַחוֹלֶה שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עָלָיו תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין מַיִם, וְטָהוֹר שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וְעַל רֻבּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, מִכְּלִי אֶחָד, מִשְּׁנַיִם וּמִשְּׁלשָׁה, מִצְטָרְפִין. מֵאַרְבָּעָה, אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִתְחִיל הַשֵּׁנִי עַד שֶׁלֹּא פָסַק הָרִאשׁוֹן. וּבַמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן לְרַבּוֹת. אֲבָל נִתְכַּוֵּן לְרַבּוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ קֹרְטוֹב בְּכָל הַשָּׁנָה, מִצְטָרְפִין לִשְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין: \n", 8.1. "אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל טְהוֹרָה, וּמִקְוְאוֹתֶיהָ טְהוֹרִים. מִקְוְאוֹת הָעַמִּים שֶׁבְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, כְּשֵׁרִים לְבַעֲלֵי קְרָיִין, אֲפִלּוּ נִתְמַלְּאוּ בְקִילוֹן. שֶׁבְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁחוּץ לַמַּפְתֵּחַ, כְּשֵׁרִים אַף לְנִדּוֹת. מִלִּפְנִים מִן הַמַּפְתֵּחַ, כְּשֵׁרִים לְבַעֲלֵי קְרָיִין, וּפְסוּלִים לְכָל הַטְּמֵאִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַקְּרוֹבִים לָעִיר וְלַדֶּרֶךְ, טְמֵאִים, מִפְּנֵי הַכְּבִיסָה. וְהָרְחוֹקִים, טְהוֹרִים:", | 3.4. "[If the three logs of drawn water fell in] from one vessel or from two or from three, they combine together; but if from four, they do not combine together. If a man who had a seminal issue was sick and nine kavs of water fell on him, or if there fell on the head and the greater part of the body of a clean person three logs of drawn water from one vessel or from two or from three, they combine together; but if from four, they do not combine together. In what case does this apply? When the second began before the first finished. And in what case does [the other statement] apply? When there was no intention to increase it. But if there was an intention to increase it, if only a kortov in a whole year, they combine together to add up to the three logs.", 8.1. "The land of Israel is clean and its mikvaot are clean. The mikvaot of the nations outside the land are valid for those who had a seminal emission even though they have been filled by a pump-beam; Those in the land of Israel: when outside the entrance [to the city] are valid even for menstruants, and those within the entrance [to the city] are valid for those who had a seminal emission but invalid for all [others] who are unclean. Rabbi Eliezer says: those which are near to a city or to a road are unclean because of laundering; but those at a distance are clean.", |
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27. Tosefta, Shevi It, 3.13 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 273| 3.13. "פגין של ערב שביעית אין חולקין אותן בשביעית [ובסייפות מותר] מפני שהיא מלאכתן בקור ובכפניות מותר מאימתי אדם רשאי לקוץ את האילן בשאר שני שבוע משיבא לעונת המעשרות.", | |
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28. Mishnah, Niddah, 7.3, 9.3, 10.4 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 273, 275| 7.3. "כָּל הַכְּתָמִין הַבָּאִים מֵרֶקֶם, טְהוֹרִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם גֵּרִים וְטוֹעִין. הַבָּאִין מִבֵּין הַגּוֹיִם, טְהוֹרִין. מִבֵּין יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמִבֵּין הַכּוּתִים, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נֶחְשְׁדוּ עַל כִּתְמֵיהֶן: \n", 9.3. "הִשְׁאִילָה חֲלוּקָהּ לְנָכְרִית אוֹ לְנִדָּה, הֲרֵי זוֹ תּוֹלָה בָהּ. שָׁלשׁ נָשִׁים שֶׁלָּבְשׁוּ חָלוּק אֶחָד אוֹ שֶׁיָּשְׁבוּ עַל סַפְסָל אֶחָד, וְנִמְצָא עָלָיו דָּם, כֻּלָּן טְמֵאוֹת. יָשְׁבוּ עַל סַפְסָל שֶׁל אֶבֶן אוֹ עַל הָאִצְטַבָּא שֶׁל מֶרְחָץ, רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מְטַהֵר, שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, אֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל כְּתָמִים: \n", 10.4. "הַזָּב וְהַזָּבָה וְהַנִּדָּה וְהַיּוֹלֶדֶת וְהַמְצֹרָע שֶׁמֵּתוּ, מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַשָּׂא עַד שֶׁיִּמֹּק הַבָּשָׂר. נָכְרִי שֶׁמֵּת, טָהוֹר מִלְּטַמֵּא בְמַשָּׂא. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, כָּל הַנָּשִׁים מֵתוֹת נִדּוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין נִדָּה אֶלָּא שֶׁמֵּתָה נִדָּה: \n", | 7.3. "All bloodstains that come from Rekem are clean. Rabbi Judah declares them unclean, because the people who live there are proselytes though misguided. Those that come from non-Jews are clean. Those that come from Israelites or from Samaritans: Rabbi Meir declares them unclean, But the sages declare them clean because they are not suspected in regard to their stains.", 9.3. "If she lent her shirt to a non-Jewish woman or to a menstruant she may attribute a stain to either. If three women had worn the same shirt or had sat on the same wooden bench and subsequently blood was found on it, all are regarded as unclean. If they had sat on a stone bench or on the projection within the colonnade of a bath House: Rabbi Nehemiah says that they are clean, for Rabbi Nehemiah says: anything that is not susceptible to uncleanness is not susceptible to stains.", 10.4. "If a zav, a zavah, a niddah, a woman after childbirth or a metzora have died [their corpses] they convey uncleanness by being carried until the flesh has decayed. If a non-Jew has died he does not convey uncleanness. Bet Shammai says: all women die as niddot. But Bet Hillel says: a woman is not regarded as a niddah unless she died while she was in menstruation.", |
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29. Mishnah, Oholot, 1.3, 17.3 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 273; Simon-Shushan (2012) 244| 1.3. "כֵּיצַד אַרְבָּעָה. כֵּלִים נוֹגְעִין בְּמֵת, וְאָדָם בַּכֵּלִים, וְכֵלִים בָּאָדָם, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. הָרְבִיעִי, בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, יֶשׁ לִי חֲמִישִׁי, הַשַּׁפּוּד הַתָּחוּב בָּאֹהֶל, הָאֹהֶל וְהַשַּׁפּוּד וְאָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּשַּׁפּוּד וְכֵלִים בָּאָדָם, טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. הַחֲמִישִׁי, בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים, טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עָרֶב. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין הָאֹהֶל מִתְחַשֵּׁב: \n", 17.3. "הַחוֹרֵשׁ מְלָטַמְיָא, מִצְּבִירַת הָעֲצָמוֹת, מִשָּׂדֶה שֶׁאָבַד הַקֶּבֶר בְּתוֹכָהּ, אוֹ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בָהּ קֶבֶר, הַחוֹרֵשׁ אֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, וְכֵן נָכְרִי שֶׁחָרַשׁ, אֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ בֵּית פְּרָס, שֶׁאֵין בֵּית פְּרָס לַכּוּתִיִּים: \n", | 1.3. "What is the case of four? Vessels touching a corpse, a person [touching these] vessels, and [other] vessels [touching this] person, are defiled with seven days' defilement. The fourth, whether a person or vessels, is defiled with a defilement [lasting until the] evening. Rabbi Akiva said: I have a fifth, [if] a peg was fixed in a tent, the tent, the peg, a person touching the peg and vessels [touching] the person are defiled with seven days' defilement. The fifth, whether a person or vessels, is defiled with a defilement [lasting until the] evening. They said to him: the tent does not count.", 17.3. "If a person plows from a pit full of bones, or from a heap of bones, Or from a field in which a grave had been lost, Or in which a grave was subsequently found, Or if he plows a field which was not his own, Or if a non-Jew plowed, he does not make a bet peras. For the rule of bet peras does not apply [even] to Samaritans.", |
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30. Mishnah, Taanit, 3.8 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Simon-Shushan (2012) 5| 3.8. "עַל כָּל צָרָה שֶׁלֹּא תָבֹא עַל הַצִּבּוּר, מַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶן, חוּץ מֵרוֹב גְּשָׁמִים. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁאָמְרוּ לוֹ לְחוֹנִי הַמְעַגֵּל, הִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ גְשָׁמִים. אָמַר לָהֶם, צְאוּ וְהַכְנִיסוּ תַנּוּרֵי פְסָחִים, בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא יִמּוֹקוּ. הִתְפַּלֵּל, וְלֹא יָרְדוּ גְשָׁמִים. מֶה עָשָׂה, עָג עוּגָה וְעָמַד בְּתוֹכָהּ, וְאָמַר לְפָנָיו, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, בָּנֶיךָ שָׂמוּ פְנֵיהֶם עָלַי, שֶׁאֲנִי כְבֶן בַּיִת לְפָנֶיךָ. נִשְׁבָּע אֲנִי בְשִׁמְךָ הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁאֵינִי זָז מִכָּאן, עַד שֶׁתְּרַחֵם עַל בָּנֶיךָ. הִתְחִילוּ גְּשָׁמִים מְנַטְּפִין. אָמַר, לֹא כָךְ שָׁאַלְתִּי, אֶלָּא גִּשְׁמֵי בוֹרוֹת שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת. הִתְחִילוּ לֵירֵד בְּזָעַף. אָמַר, לֹא כָךְ שָׁאַלְתִּי, אֶלָּא גִּשְׁמֵי רָצוֹן, בְּרָכָה וּנְדָבָה. יָרְדוּ כְתִקְנָן, עַד שֶׁיָּצְאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִירוּשָׁלַיִם לְהַר הַבַּיִת מִפְּנֵי הַגְּשָׁמִים. בָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהִתְפַּלַלְתָּ עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ כָּךְ הִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁיֵּלְכוּ לָהֶן. אָמַר לָהֶן, צְאוּ וּרְאוּ אִם נִמְחֵת אֶבֶן הַטּוֹעִים. שָׁלַח לוֹ שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן שָׁטָח, אִלְמָלֵא חוֹנִי אַתָּה, גּוֹזְרַנִי עָלֶיךָ נִדּוּי. אֲבָל מָה אֶעֱשֶׂה לְּךָ, שֶׁאַתָּה מִתְחַטֵּא לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם וְעוֹשֶׂה לְךָ רְצוֹנְךָ כְּבֵן שֶׁהוּא מִתְחַטֵּא עַל אָבִיו וְעוֹשֶׂה לוֹ רְצוֹנוֹ. וְעָלֶיךָ הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (משלי כג), יִשְׂמַח אָבִיךָ וְאִמֶּךָ וְתָגֵל יוֹלַדְתֶּךָ: \n", | 3.8. "For every trouble that should not come upon the community they sound a blast except on account of too much rain. It happened that they said to Honi the circle drawer: “Pray for rain to fall.” He replied: “Go and bring in the pesah ovens so that they do not dissolve.” He prayed and no rain fell. What did he do? He drew a circle and stood within it and exclaimed before Him: “Master of the universe, Your children have turned their faces to me because I am like one who was born in Your house. I swear by Your great name that I will not move from here until You have mercy upon Your children.” Rain then began to drip, and he exclaimed: “I did not request this but rain [which can fill] cisterns, ditches and caves. The rain then began to come down with great force, and he exclaimed: “I did not request this but pleasing rain of blessing and abudance.” Rain then fell in the normal way until the Jews in Jerusalem had to go up Temple Mount because of the rain. They came and said to him: “In the same way that you prayed for [the rain] to fall pray [now] for the rain to stop.” He replied: “Go and see if the stone of people claiming lost objects has washed away.” Rabbi Shimon ben Shetah sent to him: “Were you not Honi I would have excommunicated you, but what can I do to you, for you are spoiled before God and he does your will like a son that is spoiled before his father and his father does his request. Concerning you it is written, “Let your father and your mother rejoice, and let she that bore you rejoice” (Proverbs 23:25).", |
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31. Mishnah, Zevahim, 4.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 263; Porton (1988) 265| 4.5. "קָדְשֵׁי נָכְרִים, אֵין חַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶם מִשּׁוּם פִּגּוּל, נוֹתָר וְטָמֵא. וְהַשּׁוֹחֲטָן בַּחוּץ, פָּטוּר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְחַיֵּב. דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵין חַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶם מִשּׁוּם פִּגּוּל, חַיָּבִים עֲלֵיהֶם מִשּׁוּם נוֹתָר, מִשּׁוּם טָמֵא, חוּץ מִן הַדָּם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, בְּדָבָר שֶׁדַּרְכָּן לְהֵאָכֵל. אֲבָל כְּגוֹן הָעֵצִים וְהַלְּבוֹנָה וְהַקְּטֹרֶת, אֵין חַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶם מִשּׁוּם טֻמְאָה: \n", | 4.5. "The sacrifices of non-Jews: one is not liable on their account for piggul, remt, or defilement, and if [a priest] slaughters them outside [the Temple], he is not liable, the words of Rabbi Meir. But Rabbi Yose declares him liable. The things for which one is not liable on account of piggul, one is liable on account of remt and defilement except blood. Rabbi Shimon declares one liable for anything which is normally eaten, but for wood, frankincense and incense, one is not liable for [transgressions involving] defilement.", |
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32. Mishnah, Shekalim, 1.5 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 265| 1.5. "אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, אֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים, אִם שָׁקְלוּ מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן. הַנָּכְרִי וְהַכּוּתִי שֶׁשָּׁקְלוּ, אֵין מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן. וְאֵין מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן קִנֵּי זָבִין וְקִנֵּי זָבוֹת וְקִנֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת, וְחַטָאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת. (אֲבָל) נְדָרִים וּנְדָבוֹת, מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל שֶׁנִּדָּר וְנִדָּב, מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן. כָּל שֶׁאֵין נִדָּר וְנִדָּב אֵין מְקַבְּלִין מִיָּדָן. וְכֵן הוּא מְפֹרָשׁ עַל יְדֵי עֶזְרָא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (עזרא ד) לֹא לָכֶם וְלָנוּ לִבְנוֹת בַּיִת לֵאלֹהֵינוּ: \n", | 1.5. "Even though they said, “they don’t exact pledges from women, slaves or minors, [yet] if they paid the shekel it is accepted from them. If a non-Jew or a Samaritan paid the shekel they do not accept it from them. And they do not accept from them the bird-offerings of zavin or bird-offerings of zavot or bird-offerings of women after childbirth, Or sin-offerings or guilt-offerings. But vow-offerings and freewill-offerings they do accept from them. This is the general rule: all offerings which can be made as a vow-offering or a freewill-offering they do accept from them, but offerings which cannot be made as a vow-offering or a freewill-offering they do not accept from them. And thus it is explicitly stated by Ezra, as it is said: “You have nothing to do with us to build a house unto our God” (Ezra 4:3).", |
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33. Mishnah, Toharot, 5.8, 7.6 (1st cent. CE - 3rd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 275| 5.8. "שׁוֹטָה אַחַת בָּעִיר, אוֹ נָכְרִית, אוֹ כוּתִית, כָּל הָרֻקִּים שֶׁבָּעִיר טְמֵאִין. מִי שֶׁדָּרְסָה אִשָּׁה עַל בְּגָדָיו, אוֹ שֶׁיָּשְׁבָה עִמּוֹ בִּסְפִינָה, אִם מַכִּירָתוֹ שֶׁהוּא אוֹכֵל בַּתְּרוּמָה, כֵּלָיו טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם לָאו, יִשְׁאָלֶנָּה: \n", 7.6. "הַגַּבָּאִים שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, הַבַּיִת טָמֵא. אִם יֵשׁ עִמָּהֶן גּוֹי, נֶאֱמָנִים לוֹמַר לֹא נִכְנָסְנוּ, אֲבָל אֵין נֶאֱמָנִים לוֹמַר נִכְנַסְנוּ אֲבָל לֹא נָגָעְנוּ. הַגַּנָּבִים שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם רַגְלֵי הַגַּנָּבִים. וּמַה הֵן מְטַמְּאִין. הָאֳכָלִים וְהַמַּשְׁקִים וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס הַפְּתוּחִין. אֲבָל הַמִּשְׁכָּבוֹת וְהַמּוֹשָׁבוֹת וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס הַמֻּקָּפִין צָמִיד פָּתִיל, טְהוֹרִים. אִם יֵשׁ עִמָּהֶן נָכְרִי אוֹ אִשָּׁה, הַכֹּל טָמֵא: \n", | 5.8. "If there was in the town one who was not of sound sense, a Gentile, or a Samaritan woman, all spit encountered in the town is deemed unclean. If a woman trod on a man's clothes or sat with him in a boat: If she knew that he was one who eats terumah, his clothes remain clean: But if not, he must ask her.", 7.6. "If tax collectors entered a house, the house is unclean. If a Gentile was with them they are believed if they say, \"we did not enter\" but they are not believed if they say \"we didn't touch anything.\" If thieves entered a house, only that part in which the feet of the thieves have stepped is unclean. And what do they cause to be unclean? Food and liquids and open earthenware, but couches and seats and earthenware that have tightly fitting covers remain clean. If a Gentile or a woman was with them, all is unclean.", |
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| 34. Anon., Didache, 1.1-6.3 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2019) 151 |
| 35. Anon., Epistle of Barnabas, 18.1-20.2 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2019) 151 |
| 36. Tosefta, Menachot, 10.13 (1st cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 265 |
| 37. Anon., Mekhilta Derabbi Yishmael, None (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Schremer (2010) 170 |
| 38. Anon., Sifre Deuteronomy, 2 (2nd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedalyahu Found in books: Schremer (2010) 63 |
| 39. Palestinian Talmud, Yoma, 1.1 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2009) 305 |
40. Anon., Leviticus Rabba, 2.2, 9.7, 22.8 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2009) 310| 2.2. הֲבֵן יַקִּיר לִי, בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לִי, אֵינוֹ זָז לְעוֹלָם לֹא בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וְלֹא לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, בַּכֹּהֲנִים כְּתִיב (שמות מ, טו): וְכִהֲנוּ לִי, בַּלְוִיִם כְּתִיב (במדבר ח, יד): וְהָיוּ לִי הַלְוִים, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּתִיב (ויקרא כה, נה): כִּי לִי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, בַּתְּרוּמָה כְּתִיב (שמות כה, ב): וְיִקְחוּ לִי, בַּבְּכוֹרוֹת כְּתִיב (במדבר ג, יג): כִּי לִי כָּל בְּכוֹר, בַּסַּנְהֶדְרִין כְּתִיב (במדבר יא, טז): אֶסְפָה לִי שִׁבְעִים אִישׁ מִזִּקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל (שמות יט, ה): כִּי לִי כָל הָאָרֶץ, בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם (מלכים א יא, לו): הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר בָּחַרְתִּי לִי, בְּמַלְכוּת בֵּית דָּוִד (שמואל א טז, א): כִּי רָאִיתִי בְּבָנָיו לִי מֶלֶךְ, בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ (שמות כה, ח): וְעָשׂוּ לִי מִקְדָּשׁ, בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ (שמות כ, כא): מִזְבַּח אֲדָמָה תַּעֲשֶׂה לִי, בַּקַּרְבָּנוֹת (במדבר כח, ב): תִּשְׁמְרוּ לְהַקְרִיב לִי, בְּשֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה (שמות ל, לא): שֶׁמֶן מִשְׁחַת קֹדֶשׁ יִהְיֶה זֶה לִי. הָא בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לִי, אֵינוֹ זָז לֹא לָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וְלֹא לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. 9.7. רַבִּי פִּנְחָס וְרַבִּי לֵוִי וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי מְנַחֵם דְּגַלְיָא, לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא כָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת בְּטֵלִין וְקָרְבַּן תּוֹדָה אֵינוֹ בָּטֵל, כָּל הַתְּפִלּוֹת בְּטֵלוֹת, הַהוֹדָאָה אֵינָהּ בְּטֵלָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ירמיה לג, יא): קוֹל שָׂשׂוֹן וְקוֹל שִׂמְחָה קוֹל חָתָן וְקוֹל כַּלָּה קוֹל אֹמְרִים הוֹדוּ אֶת ה' צְבָאוֹת וגו', זוֹ הוֹדָאָה, (ירמיה לג, יא): מְבִאִים תּוֹדָה בֵּית ה', זֶה קָרְבַּן תּוֹדָה. וְכֵן דָּוִד אוֹמֵר (תהלים נו, יג): עָלַי אֱלֹהִים נְדָרֶיךָ אֲשַׁלֵּם תּוֹדֹת לָךְ, תּוֹדָה אֵין כְּתִיב כָּאן אֶלָּא תּוֹדֹת, הַהוֹדָאָה וְקָרְבַּן תּוֹדָה. 22.8. רַבִּי פִּנְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר מָשָׁל לְבֶן מֶלֶךְ שֶׁגַּס לִבּוֹ עָלָיו וְהָיָה לָמֵד לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר נְבֵלוֹת וּטְרֵפוֹת, אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ זֶה יִהְיֶה תָּדִיר עַל שֻׁלְחָנִי וּמֵעַצְמוֹ הוּא נָדוּר [גדור], כָּךְ לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהוּטִים אַחַר עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים בְּמִצְרַיִם וְהָיוּ מְבִיאִים קָרְבָּנֵיהֶם לַשְּׂעִירִים, דִּכְתִיב (ויקרא יז, ז): וְלֹא יִזְבְּחוּ עוֹד אֶת זִבְחֵיהֶם לַשְּׂעִירִים, וְאֵין שְׂעִירִים אֵלּוּ אֶלָּא שֵׁדִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לב, יז): וַיִּזְבְּחוּ לַשֵּׁדִים, וְאֵין שֵׁדִים אֵלּוּ אֶלָּא שְׂעִירִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה יג, כא): וּשְׂעִירִים יְרַקְּדוּ שָׁם, וְהָיוּ מַקְרִיבִין קָרְבָּנֵיהֶם בְּאִסּוּר בָּמָּה וּפֻרְעָנֻיּוֹת בָּאוֹת עֲלֵיהֶם, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יִהְיוּ מַקְרִיבִין לְפָנַי בְּכָל עֵת קָרְבְּנוֹתֵיהֶן בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, וְהֵן נִפְרָשִׁים מֵעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וְהֵם נִיצוֹלִים, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: אִישׁ אִישׁ מִבֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וגו'. | 9.7. "Rabbi Pinchas, Rabbi Levi and Rabbi Yocha [said] in the name of Rabbi Menachem from Gallia: In the time to come, all sacrifices will be annulled - but the sacrifice of thanksgiving will not be annulled. All prayers will be annulled, but the prayer of gratitude will not be annulled. This accords with what is written [Jeremiah 33:11]: \"The voice of joy and the voice of gladness, the voice of the groom and the voice of the bride, the voice of those who say 'Give thanks to the LORD of hosts' etc.\" - this is the prayer of gratitude. \"Those who bring [the sacrifice of] thanksgiving to the House of the LORD\": this is the sacrifice of thanksgiving. Thus David said: \"I owe You vows and will offer you thanksgivings\" [Psalms 56:13] - not \"thanksgiving,\" but \"thanksgivings,\" [indicating both] the thanksgiving prayer and the prayer of gratitude.", 22.8. "Rabbi Pinhas in the name of Rabbi Levi stated: This is comparable to a king’s son who strayed and was accustomed to eat non-kosher meat. The king declared, “let him always eat at my table and on his own he will eventually become disciplined.” Similarly, because Israel was attached to idolatry in Egypt and would bring their sacrifices to the goat-demons, as it is written (Leviticus 17:7) \"No longer shall you sacrifice to goat-demons, which refer to the shedim they sacrificed to (Deuternomy 32:17) \"and they sacrificed to shedim\", and those shedim refer to the goat-demons, as it says, (Isaiah 13:21) \"and the goat [demons] shall prance there.\" And they would offer sacrifices on high places and retribution would befall them, the Holy One blessed be He said “let them offer sacrifices before Me at all times in the Tent of Meeting and they will be separated from idolatry and be saved.” This is the meaning of what is written (Leviticus 17:3-7): “Any man of the House of Israel who slaughters an ox or sheep or goat... and does not bring it to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting as a sacrifice to God.... that man will be cut off from among his people… so that they no longer offer their sacrifices to the goat-demons that they are wont to stray after.\"", |
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41. Anon., Lamentations Rabbah, None (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 93; Klawans (2009) 310, 311| 4.13. יְדֵי נָשִׁים רַחֲמָנִיּוֹת בִּשְׁלוּ יַלְדֵיהֶן. רַבִּי הוּנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לֹא הִנִּיחוּ אוֹתִי לִפְשֹׁט יָדִי בְּעוֹלָמִי, כֵּיצַד, הָיְתָה לְאַחַת מֵהֶן כִּכָּר אַחַת וְהָיָה בָהּ כְּדֵי שֶׁתֹּאכַלְנָה הִיא וּבַעֲלָהּ יוֹם אֶחָד, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁמֵּת בְּנָהּ שֶׁל שְׁכֶנְתָּהּ, הָיְתָה נוֹטֶלֶת אוֹתוֹ הַכִּכָּר וּמְנַחֶמָה אוֹתָהּ בָּהּ, וְהֶעֱלָה עֲלֵיהֶם הַכָּתוּב כְּאִלּוּ בִּשְׁלוּ יַלְדֵיהֶן לְמִצְווֹת, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: יְדֵי נָשִׁים רַחֲמָנִיּוֹת בִּשְׁלוּ יַלְדֵיהֶן, וְכָל כָּךְ לָמָּה בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁהָיוּ לְבָרוֹת לָמוֹ. | |
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| 42. Tosefta, Meilah, 1.18 (2nd cent. CE - 2nd cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Porton (1988) 265 |
43. Anon., Deuteronomy Rabbah, 5.3 (2nd cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2009) 310| 5.3. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב (משלי כא, ג): עֲשׂה צְדָקָה וּמִשְׁפָּט נִבְחָר לַה' מִזָּבַח, כְּזֶבַח אֵין כְּתִיב אֶלָּא מִזָּבַח, כֵּיצַד, הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת לֹא הָיוּ קְרֵבִין נוֹהֲגוֹת אֶלָּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת, אֲבָל הַצְּדָקָה וְהַדִּינִים נוֹהֲגוֹת בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת וְשֶׁלֹא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת. דָּבָר אַחֵר, הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת אֵין מְכַפְּרִין אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹגֵג, וְהַצְּדָקָה וְהַדִּינִין מְכַפְּרִים בֵּין לְשׁוֹגֵג בֵּין לְמֵזִיד. דָּבָר אַחֵר, הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת אֵין נוֹהֲגִים אֶלָּא בַּתַּחְתּוֹנִים, וְהַצְּדָקָה וְהַדִּינִין נוֹהֲגִין בֵּין בָּעֶלְיוֹנִים וּבֵין בַּתַּחְתּוֹנִים. דָּבָר אַחֵר, הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת אֵין נוֹהֲגִין אֶלָּא בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, וְהַצְּדָקָה וְהַדִּינִין נוֹהֲגִין בֵּין בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה בֵּין בָּעוֹלָם הַבָּא. אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְנָתָן (דברי הימים א יז, ד ה): לֵךְ וְאָמַרְתָּ אֶל דָּוִיד עַבְדִּי כֹּה אָמַר ה' לֹא אַתָּה תִּבְנֶה לִי הַבַּיִת לָשָׁבֶת. כִּי לֹא יָשַׁבְתִּי בְּבַיִת מִן הַיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלֵיתִי אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה וָאֶהְיֶה [מתהלך] מֵאֹהֶל אֶל אֹהֶל וּמִמִּשְׁכָּן. כָּל מִי שֶׁהָיָה מְבַקֵּשׁ לְקַלֵּל אֶת דָּוִד מָה הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה הָיָה אוֹמֵר לוֹ טוֹב שֶׁיִּבָּנֶה הַבַּיִת. תֵּדַע לְךָ, מַה דָּוִד אוֹמֵר (תהלים קכב, א): שָׂמַחְתִּי בְּאֹמְרִים לִי בֵּית ה' נֵלֵךְ, מְבַקְּשִׁים לִי דְּבָרִים לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין אַתָּה בּוֹנֶה, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, חַיֶּיךָ, שָׁעָה אַחַת מֵחַיֶּיךָ אֵין אֲנִי מְחַסֵּר, מִנַּיִן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל ב ז, יב): כִּי יִמְלְאוּ יָמֶיךָ וְשָׁכַבְתָּ אֶת אֲבֹתֶיךָ וַהֲקִימֹתִי אֶת זַרְעֲךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא מִמֵּעֶיךָ וַהֲכִינֹתִי אֶת מַמְלַכְתּוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הַצְּדָקָה וְהַדִּינִין שֶׁאַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה חֲבִיבִין עָלַי מִבֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל ב ח, טו): וַיְהִי דָּוִד עֹשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה. מַהוּ מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה לְכָל עַמּוֹ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַב נַחְמָן חַד אָמַר הָיָה דָן אֶת הַדִּין מְזַכֶּה אֶת הַזַּכַּאי וּמְחַיֵּב אֶת הַחַיָּב, אִם לֹא הָיָה לַחַיָּב לִתֵּן, הָיָה דָּוִד נוֹתֵן מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. הֱוֵי מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה. אָמַר לוֹ רַב נַחְמָן אִם כֵּן נִמְצֵאתָ מֵבִיא אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל לִידֵי רַמָּיּוּת, וּמַהוּ מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה, הָיָה דָן אֶת הַדִּין מְזַכֶּה אֶת הַזַּכַּאי וּמְחַיֵּב אֶת הַחַיָּב, הֱוֵי מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה, שֶׁהָיָה מוֹצִיא אֶת הַגָּזֵל מִיָּדוֹ, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, בָּנַי, הוֹאִיל וְכָךְ הַדִּינִין חֲבִיבִים לְפָנַי, הֱווּ זְהִירִין בָּהֶם. | 5.3. "This is what Scripture says. \"To do what is right and just is more desired by the Lord than sacrifice.\" (Prov. 21:3) Scripture does not say, \"as much as sacrifice\", but \"more than sacrifice.\" How so?Whereas sacrifices could only function inside the Temple, to do what is right and just is mandated inside and outside the Temple. Another opinion: whereas sacrifices could only atone for unintentional, accidental sins, acts of righteousness and justice atone even for intentional sins. Another opinion: whereas sacrifices are offered only by humanity, even God is obligated to practice justice and righteousness. Another opinion: whereas sacrifices are significant only in this world, righteousness and justice will remain a cornerstone in the Coming World. Rabbi Shmuel ben Nachmani said: When the Holy One of Blessing said to Natan (I Chronicles 17:3-5): \"Go and tell David My servant: Thus saith the LORD: Thou shalt not build Me a house to dwell in for I have not dwelt in a house since the day that I brought up Israel, unto this day; but have [gone] from tent to tent, and from one tabernacle [to another]\" If a person wanted to curse David, what would he do? He would say to David: It would be good if you built the House. You should know what David's answer was: (Ps. 122) 'I was glad when they said to me, let's go to the House of Hashem'.", |
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44. Babylonian Talmud, Gittin, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 93| 56a. אמר ליה לא אמר ליה יהיבנא לך דמי פלגא דסעודתיך אמר ליה לא אמר ליה יהיבנא לך דמי כולה סעודתיך א"ל לא נקטיה בידיה ואוקמיה ואפקיה,אמר הואיל והוו יתבי רבנן ולא מחו ביה ש"מ קא ניחא להו איזיל איכול בהו קורצא בי מלכא אזל אמר ליה לקיסר מרדו בך יהודאי א"ל מי יימר א"ל שדר להו קורבנא חזית אי מקרבין ליה,אזל שדר בידיה עגלא תלתא בהדי דקאתי שדא ביה מומא בניב שפתים ואמרי לה בדוקין שבעין דוכתא דלדידן הוה מומא ולדידהו לאו מומא הוא,סבור רבנן לקרוביה משום שלום מלכות אמר להו רבי זכריה בן אבקולס יאמרו בעלי מומין קריבין לגבי מזבח סבור למיקטליה דלא ליזיל ולימא אמר להו רבי זכריה יאמרו מטיל מום בקדשים יהרג,אמר רבי יוחנן ענוותנותו של רבי זכריה בן אבקולס החריבה את ביתנו ושרפה את היכלנו והגליתנו מארצנו,שדר עלוייהו לנירון קיסר כי קאתי שדא גירא למזרח אתא נפל בירושלים למערב אתא נפל בירושלים לארבע רוחות השמים אתא נפל בירושלים,א"ל לינוקא פסוק לי פסוקיך אמר ליה (יחזקאל כה, יד) ונתתי את נקמתי באדום ביד עמי ישראל וגו' אמר קודשא בריך הוא בעי לחרובי ביתיה ובעי לכפורי ידיה בההוא גברא ערק ואזל ואיגייר ונפק מיניה ר"מ,שדריה עילוייהו לאספסיינוס קיסר אתא צר עלה תלת שני הוו בה הנהו תלתא עתירי נקדימון בן גוריון ובן כלבא שבוע ובן ציצית הכסת נקדימון בן גוריון שנקדה לו חמה בעבורו בן כלבא שבוע שכל הנכנס לביתו כשהוא רעב ככלב יוצא כשהוא שבע בן ציצית הכסת שהיתה ציצתו נגררת על גבי כסתות איכא דאמרי שהיתה כסתו מוטלת בין גדולי רומי,חד אמר להו אנא זיינא להו בחיטי ושערי וחד אמר להו בדחמרא ובדמלחא ומשחא וחד אמר להו בדציבי ושבחו רבנן לדציבי דרב חסדא כל אקלידי הוה מסר לשמעיה בר מדציבי דאמר רב חסדא אכלבא דחיטי בעי שיתין אכלבי דציבי הוה להו למיזן עשרים וחד שתא,הוו בהו הנהו בריוני אמרו להו רבנן ניפוק ונעביד שלמא בהדייהו לא שבקינהו אמרו להו ניפוק ונעביד קרבא בהדייהו אמרו להו רבנן לא מסתייעא מילתא קמו קלנהו להנהו אמברי דחיטי ושערי והוה כפנא,מרתא בת בייתוס עתירתא דירושלים הויא שדרתה לשלוחה ואמרה ליה זיל אייתי לי סמידא אדאזל איזדבן אתא אמר לה סמידא ליכא חיורתא איכא אמרה ליה זיל אייתי לי אדאזל איזדבן אתא ואמר לה חיורתא ליכא גושקרא איכא א"ל זיל אייתי לי אדאזל אזדבן אתא ואמר לה גושקרא ליכא קימחא דשערי איכא אמרה ליה זיל אייתי לי אדאזל איזדבן,הוה שליפא מסאנא אמרה איפוק ואחזי אי משכחנא מידי למיכל איתיב לה פרתא בכרעא ומתה,קרי עלה רבן יוחנן בן זכאי (דברים כח, נו) הרכה בך והענוגה אשר לא נסתה כף רגלה איכא דאמרי גרוגרות דר' צדוק אכלה ואיתניסא ומתה דר' צדוק יתיב ארבעין שנין בתעניתא דלא ליחרב ירושלים כי הוה אכיל מידי הוה מיתחזי מאבראי וכי הוה בריא מייתי ליה גרוגרות מייץ מייהו ושדי להו,כי הוה קא ניחא נפשה אפיקתה לכל דהבא וכספא שדיתיה בשוקא אמרה האי למאי מיבעי לי והיינו דכתיב (יחזקאל ז, יט) כספם בחוצות ישליכו,אבא סקרא ריש בריוני דירושלים בר אחתיה דרבן יוחנן בן זכאי הוה שלח ליה תא בצינעא לגבאי אתא א"ל עד אימת עבדיתו הכי וקטליתו ליה לעלמא בכפנא א"ל מאי איעביד דאי אמינא להו מידי קטלו לי א"ל חזי לי תקנתא לדידי דאיפוק אפשר דהוי הצלה פורתא,א"ל נקוט נפשך בקצירי וליתי כולי עלמא ולישיילו בך ואייתי מידי סריא ואגני גבך ולימרו דנח נפשך וליעיילו בך תלמידך ולא ליעול בך איניש אחרינא דלא לרגשן בך דקליל את דאינהו ידעי דחייא קליל ממיתא,עביד הכי נכנס בו רבי אליעזר מצד אחד ורבי יהושע מצד אחר כי מטו לפיתחא בעו למדקריה אמר להו יאמרו רבן דקרו בעו למדחפיה אמר להו יאמרו רבן דחפו פתחו ליה בבא נפק,כי מטא להתם אמר שלמא עלך מלכא שלמא עלך מלכא א"ל מיחייבת תרי קטלא חדא דלאו מלכא אנא וקא קרית לי מלכא ותו אי מלכא אנא עד האידנא אמאי לא אתית לגבאי א"ל דקאמרת לאו מלכא אנא | 56a. The host b said to him: No, /b you must leave. Bar Kamtza b said to him: I will give you money for half of the feast; /b just do not send me away. The host b said to him: No, /b you must leave. Bar Kamtza then b said to him: I will give you money for the entire feast; /b just let me stay. The host b said to him: No, /b you must leave. Finally, the host b took /b bar Kamtza b by his hand, stood him up, and took him out. /b ,After having been cast out from the feast, bar Kamtza b said /b to himself: b Since the Sages were sitting /b there b and did not protest /b the actions of the host, although they saw how he humiliated me, b learn from it that they were content /b with what he did. b I will /b therefore b go and inform [ i eikhul kurtza /i ] against them to the king. He went /b and b said to the emperor: The Jews have rebelled against you. /b The emperor b said to him: Who says /b that this is the case? Bar Kamtza b said to him: /b Go and test them; b send them an offering /b to be brought in honor of the government, and b see whether they /b will b sacrifice it. /b ,The emperor b went and sent with him /b a choice b three-year-old calf. While /b bar Kamtza b was coming /b with the calf to the Temple, b he made a blemish on /b the calf’s b upper lip. And some say /b he made the blemish b on /b its b eyelids, a place where according to us, /b i.e., i halakha /i , it b is a blemish, but according to them, /b gentile rules for their offerings, it b is not a blemish. /b Therefore, when bar Kamtza brought the animal to the Temple, the priests would not sacrifice it on the altar since it was blemished, but they also could not explain this satisfactorily to the gentile authorities, who did not consider it to be blemished.,The blemish notwithstanding, b the Sages thought to sacrifice /b the animal as an offering b due to /b the imperative to maintain b peace /b with the b government. Rabbi Zekharya ben Avkolas said to them: /b If the priests do that, people b will say /b that b blemished /b animals b may be sacrificed /b as offerings b on the altar. /b The Sages said: If we do not sacrifice it, then we must prevent bar Kamtza from reporting this to the emperor. The Sages b thought to kill him so that he would not go and speak /b against them. b Rabbi Zekharya said to them: /b If you kill him, people b will say /b that b one who makes a blemish on sacrificial /b animals b is to be killed. /b As a result, they did nothing, bar Kamtza’s slander was accepted by the authorities, and consequently the war between the Jews and the Romans began., b Rabbi Yoḥa says: The /b excessive b humility of Rabbi Zekharya ben Avkolas destroyed our Temple, burned our Sanctuary, and exiled us from our land. /b ,The Roman authorities then b sent Nero Caesar against /b the Jews. b When he came /b to Jerusalem, he wished to test his fate. b He shot an arrow to the east /b and the arrow b came /b and b fell in Jerusalem. /b He then shot another arrow b to the west /b and b it /b also b fell in Jerusalem. /b He shot an arrow b in /b all b four directions of the heavens, /b and each time the arrow b fell in Jerusalem. /b ,Nero then conducted another test: b He said to a child: Tell me a verse /b that you learned today. b He said to him /b as follows: b “And I will lay My vengeance upon Edom by the hand of My people Israel” /b (Ezekiel 25:14). Nero b said: The Holy One, Blessed be He, wishes to destroy His Temple, and He wishes to wipe his hands with that man, /b i.e., with me. The Romans are associated with Edom, the descendants of Esau. If I continue on this mission, I will eventually be punished for having served as God’s agent to bring about the destruction. So b he fled /b and b became a convert, and /b ultimately b Rabbi Meir descended from him. /b ,The Roman authorities then b sent Vespasian Caesar against /b the Jews. b He came /b and b laid siege /b to Jerusalem for b three years. There were /b at that time b in /b Jerusalem b these three wealthy people: Nakdimon ben Guryon, ben Kalba Savua, and ben Tzitzit HaKesat. /b The Gemara explains their names: b Nakdimon ben Guryon /b was called by that name b because the sun shined [ i nakad /i ] on his behalf, /b as it is related elsewhere (see i Ta’anit /i 19b) that the sun once continued to shine in order to prevent him from suffering a substantial loss. b Ben Kalba Savua /b was called this b because anyone who entered his house when he was hungry as a dog [ i kelev /i ] would leave satiated [ i save’a /i ]. Ben Tzitzit HaKesat /b was referred to by that name because b his ritual fringes [ i tzitzit /i ] dragged /b along b on blankets [ i keset /i ], /b meaning that he would not walk in the street with his feet on the ground, but rather they would place blankets beneath him. b There are /b those b who say that his seat [ i kiseh /i ] was found among the nobles of Rome, /b meaning that he would sit among them.,These three wealthy people offered their assistance. b One /b of them b said to /b the leaders of the city: b I will feed /b the residents b with wheat and barley. And one /b of them b said to /b leaders of the city: I will provide the residents b with wine, salt, and oil. And one /b of them b said to /b the leaders of the city: I will supply the residents b with wood. /b The Gemara comments: b And the Sages gave /b special b praise to he /b who gave the b wood, /b since this was an especially expensive gift. b As Rav Ḥisda would give all of the keys [ i aklidei /i ] to his servant, except /b for the key b to /b his shed b for /b storing b wood, /b which he deemed the most important of them all. b As Rav Ḥisda said: One storehouse [ i akhleva /i ] of wheat requires sixty storehouses of wood /b for cooking and baking fuel. These three wealthy men b had /b between them enough commodities b to sustain /b the besieged b for twenty-one years. /b , b There were certain zealots among /b the people of Jerusalem. b The Sages said to them: Let us go out and make peace with /b the Romans. But the zealots b did not allow them /b to do this. The zealots b said to /b the Sages: b Let us go out and engage in battle against /b the Romans. But b the Sages said to them: You will not be successful. /b It would be better for you to wait until the siege is broken. In order to force the residents of the city to engage in battle, the zealots b arose and burned /b down b these storehouses [ i ambarei /i ] of wheat and barley, and there was /b a general b famine. /b ,With regard to this famine it is related that b Marta bat Baitos was /b one of the b wealthy women of Jerusalem. She sent /b out b her agent and said to him: Go bring me fine flour [ i semida /i ]. By the time he went, /b the fine flour b was /b already b sold. He came /b and b said to her: There is no fine flour, /b but b there is /b ordinary b flour. She said to him: Go /b then and b bring me /b ordinary flour. b By the time he went, /b the ordinary flour b was /b also b sold. He came and said to her: There is no /b ordinary b flour, /b but b there is coarse flour [ i gushkera /i ]. She said to him: Go /b then and b bring me /b coarse flour. b By the time he went, /b the coarse flour b was /b already b sold. He came and said to her: There is no coarse flour, /b but b there is barley flour. She said to him: Go /b then and b bring me /b barley flour. But once again, b by the time he went, /b the barley flour b was /b also b sold. /b , b She had /b just b removed her shoes, /b but b she said: I will go out /b myself b and see if I can find something to eat. /b She stepped on some b dung, /b which b stuck to her foot, and, /b overcome by disgust, b she died. /b , b Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai read concerning her /b a verse found in the section of the Torah listing the curses that will befall Israel: b “The tender and delicate woman among you who would not adventure to set the sole of her foot /b upon the ground” (Deuteronomy 28:56). b There are /b those b who say /b that she did not step on dung, but rather b she ate a fig of Rabbi Tzadok, and became disgusted and died. /b What are these figs? b Rabbi Tzadok observed fasts /b for b forty years, /b praying b that Jerusalem would not be destroyed. /b He became so emaciated from fasting b that when he would eat something it was visible from the outside /b of his body. b And when he would eat /b after a fast b they would bring him figs /b and b he would suck out their liquid and cast /b the rest b away. /b It was one such fig that Marta bat Baitos found and that caused her death.,It is further related that b as she was dying, she took out all of /b her b gold and silver /b and b threw it in the marketplace. She said: Why do I need this? And this is as it is written: “They shall cast their silver in the streets /b and their gold shall be as an impure thing; their silver and their gold shall not be able to deliver them in the day of the wrath of the Lord; they shall not satisfy their souls, neither fill their bowels” (Ezekiel 7:19).,§ The Gemara relates: b Abba Sikkara was the leader of the zealots [ i biryonei /i ] of Jerusalem /b and b the son of the sister of Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai. /b Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b sent /b a message b to him: Come to me in secret. He came, /b and Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b said to him: Until when will you do this and kill everyone through starvation? /b Abba Sikkara b said to him: What can I do, for if I say something to them they will kill me. /b Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b said to him: Show me a method /b so b that I will /b be able to b leave /b the city, and it is b possible that /b through this b there will be /b some b small salvation. /b ,Abba Sikkara b said to him: /b This is what you should do: b Pretend to be sick, and have everyone come and ask /b about your welfare, so that word will spread about your ailing condition. Afterward b bring something putrid and place it near you, so that /b people b will say that you have died /b and are decomposing. b And /b then, b have your students enter /b to bring you to burial, b and let no one else come in so that /b the zealots b not notice that you are /b still b light. As /b the zealots b know that a living /b person b is lighter than a dead /b person.,Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b did this. Rabbi Eliezer entered from one side and Rabbi Yehoshua from the other side /b to take him out. b When they arrived at the entrance /b of the city on the inside, the guards, who were of the faction of the zealots, b wanted to pierce him /b with their swords in order to ascertain that he was actually dead, as was the common practice. Abba Sikkara b said to them: /b The Romans b will say /b that b they pierce /b even b their teacher. /b The guards then b wanted /b at least b to push him /b to see whether he was still alive, in which case he would cry out on account of the pushing. Abba Sikkara b said to them: They will say /b that b they push /b even b their teacher. /b The guards then b opened the gate /b and b he was taken out. /b , b When /b Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b reached there, /b i.e., the Roman camp, b he said: Greetings to you, the king; greetings to you, the king. /b Vespasian b said to him: You are liable for two death penalties, one /b because b I am not a king and /b yet b you call me king, and furthermore, if I am a king, why didn’t you come to me until now? /b Rabban Yoḥa ben Zakkai b said to him: /b As for b what you said /b about yourself: b I am not a king, /b |
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45. Babylonian Talmud, Niddah, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 263| 34a. רגל הוה וטומאת עם הארץ ברגל כטהרה שוינהו רבנן דכתיב (שופטים כ, יא) ויאסף כל איש ישראל אל העיר כאיש אחד חברים הכתוב עשאן כולן חברים, big strongמתני׳ /strong /big דם עובדת כוכבים ודם טהרה של מצורעת ב"ש מטהרים ובית הלל אומרים כרוקה וכמימי רגליה,דם היולדת שלא טבלה ב"ש אומרים כרוקה וכמימי רגליה וב"ה אומרים מטמא לח ויבש,ומודים ביולדת בזוב שהיא מטמאה לח ויבש, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big ולית להו לב"ש (ויקרא טו, ב) דבר אל בני ישראל ואמרת אליהם איש איש כי יהיה זב בני ישראל מטמאין בזיבה ואין העובדי כוכבים מטמאין בזיבה אבל גזרו עליהן שיהו כזבין לכל דבריהם,אמרי לך ב"ש (ההוא בזכרים איתמר דאי בנקבות) היכי לעביד ליטמא לח ויבש עשיתו כשל תורה ליטמי לח ולא ליטמי יבש חלקת בשל תורה,אי הכי רוקה ומימי רגליה נמי כיון דעבדינן היכרא בדמה מידע ידיע דרוקה ומימי רגליה דרבנן,ולעביד היכרא ברוקה ומימי רגליה ולטמויי לדמה רוקה ומימי רגליה דשכיחי גזרו בהו רבנן דמה דלא שכיחא לא גזרו ביה רבנן,אמר רבא זובו טמא אפילו לב"ש קריו טהור אפילו לב"ה,זובו טמא אפילו לב"ש דהא איכא למעבד היכרא בקריו,קריו טהור אפי' לב"ה עבוד ביה רבנן היכרא כי היכי דלא לשרוף עליה תרומה וקדשים,ולעביד היכרא בזובו ולטמויי לקריו זובו דלא תלי במעשה גזרו ביה רבנן קריו דתלי במעשה לא גזרו ביה רבנן,לימא מסייע ליה עובדת כוכבים שפלטה שכבת זרע מישראל טמאה ובת ישראל שפלטה שכבת זרע מן העובד כוכבי' טהורה מאי לאו טהורה גמורה לא טהורה מדאורייתא טמאה מדרבנן,ת"ש נמצאת אומר שכבת זרע של ישראל טמאה בכל מקום | 34a. This incident occurred during b a pilgrimage Festival, /b either Passover, i Sukkot /i , or i Shavuot /i , b and the Sages rendered the ritual impurity of an i am ha’aretz /i during a pilgrimage Festival as purity. As it is written: “And all the men of Israel gathered to the city, like one man, united [ i ḥaverim /i ]” /b (Judges 20:11). Whenever all the Jewish people gather in a single place, such as on a pilgrimage Festival, b the verse renders all of them i ḥaverim /i , /b even one who is an i am ha’aretz /i . There was therefore no concern for impurity due to the saliva of an i am ha’aretz /i . Yet, the High Priest was concerned that this Sadducee was one who engages in intercourse with a menstruating woman., strong MISHNA: /strong With regard to the b blood of /b a menstruating b gentile woman /b or a gentile i zava /i , b and /b the b blood /b discharged b by /b a female Jewish b leper /b during the days b of purity /b of a woman who gives birth, b Beit Shammai deem /b them b ritually pure, and Beit Hillel say: /b The halakhic status of the blood of the gentile woman is b like /b that of b her saliva and her urine, /b which impart impurity only while moist. Likewise, the blood discharged by a Jewish leper during the days of purity imparts impurity only when moist.,With regard to b the blood of a woman who gave birth /b and reached the conclusion of her days of impurity, i.e., seven days after giving birth to a male or fourteen days after giving birth to a female, but b who did not /b yet b immerse /b in a ritual bath, b Beit Shammai say: /b Although she has yet to immerse in a ritual bath, the blood does not retain the halakhic status of menstrual blood. Rather, the status of the blood is b like /b that of b her saliva and her urine, /b and it imparts impurity only while moist. b And Beit Hillel say: /b Since she did not immerse in a ritual bath, her blood is considered like that of a menstruating woman, and it b imparts impurity /b whether it is b moist or dry. /b , b And /b Beit Shammai b concede /b to Beit Hillel b in /b the case of b a woman who gives birth as a i zava /i , /b where the woman must count seven clean days from the conclusion of her days of impurity, b that /b any blood b she /b sees during those seven days b imparts impurity /b whether it is b moist or dry. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong The mishna teaches that according to Beit Shammai the blood of a gentile woman does not impart impurity. The Gemara objects: b And do Beit Shammai not accept /b that which is taught with regard to the verse: b “Speak to the children of Israel and say to them, when any man has an issue [ i zav /i ] /b out of his flesh, his issue is impure” (Leviticus 15:2), from which it is inferred: By Torah law, b the children of Israel become impure through i ziva /i and gentiles do not become impure through i ziva /i , but /b the Sages b decreed concerning them that they shall be like i zavin /i in all their matters /b of ritual purity.,The Gemara responds: b Beit Shammai /b could b say to you /b that b this was stated /b only b with regard to males, /b not females. b As, if /b it was stated even b with regard to females, how should one act /b with regard to this impurity? b Should /b their blood b impart impurity /b whether it is b moist or dry? /b If so, b you have rendered it like /b blood that imparts impurity b by Torah /b law, and people will mistakenly come to burn i teruma /i that comes into contact with it. Perhaps one will suggest that it b should impart impurity /b only while it is b moist and it should not impart impurity /b when it is b dry. /b But if so, b you /b will have b differentiated /b between moist and dry blood even b with regard to /b blood b that /b is impure by b Torah /b law, i.e., one might mistakenly conclude that the blood of Jewish women imparts impurity only when it is moist, when in fact it imparts impurity whether it is moist or dry.,The Gemara objects: b If so, /b then with regard to b the saliva and urine of /b a gentile i zava /i , which impart impurity by rabbinic law only when moist, Beit Shammai should b also /b rule that they do not impart impurity at all, in order to distinguish their saliva and urine from that of a Jewish i zava /i , which by Torah law impart impurity only when moist (see 54b). The Gemara responds: b Since we implement a conspicuous marker with regard to the blood of /b a gentile woman, i.e., it is clear that her status is different from that of a Jewish woman in that her blood does not impart impurity whatsoever, everyone b will know that /b the impurity of b her saliva and her urine /b is only b by rabbinic /b law, and there is no concern that people might come to mistakenly burn i teruma /i that comes into contact with the saliva and urine of a gentile i zava /i .,The Gemara persists: b And let them implement a conspicuous marker with regard to the saliva and urine of /b a gentile woman, that they should not impart impurity whatsoever, b and let them deem her blood impure /b even when dry. In this manner, everyone will know that the impurity of a gentile woman applies only by rabbinic law, and they will not come to treat that which is impure by Torah law in the same manner. The Gemara responds: With regard to b her saliva and her urine, which are /b relatively b common, the Sages decreed /b that b they /b are impure, but with regard to b her blood, which is not /b as b common, the Sages did not decree /b that b it /b is impure.,§ With regard to a gentile man, b Rava says: The i ziva /i of /b a gentile man is b ritually impure, even according to /b the opinion of b Beit Shammai, /b who maintain that the i ziva /i of a gentile woman does not impart impurity whatsoever. By contrast, b the semen of /b a gentile is b pure, even according to /b the opinion of b Beit Hillel, /b who hold that the blood of menstruating gentiles and the blood of their i ziva /i imparts impurity when it is moist.,Rava elaborates: b The i ziva /i of /b a gentile man is b impure, even according to /b the opinion of b Beit Shammai, as it is /b possible b to implement a conspicuous marker with his semen, /b i.e., since his semen does not impart impurity whatsoever, everyone will know that the impurity imparted by the i ziva /i of a gentile applies by rabbinic law, and they will not come to burn i teruma /i that comes in contact with the i ziva /i of a gentile.,And b the semen of /b a gentile is b ritually pure, even according to /b the opinion of b Beit Hillel. /b This is because b the Sages /b had to b implement a conspicuous marker with regard to it /b to indicate that the i ziva /i of a gentile imparts impurity only by rabbinic law b in order that they will not /b come b to burn i teruma /i and consecrated /b items b that /b come into contact with their i ziva /i , as must be performed with i teruma /i and consecrated items that contract impurity by Torah law.,The Gemara objects: b And let /b the Sages b implement a conspicuous marker with regard to the i ziva /i of /b a gentile man, that it should not impart impurity whatsoever, b and let them deem his semen impure. /b The Gemara explains: With regard to b his i ziva /i , which is not dependent on an action /b he performs but is emitted on its own, b the Sages decreed /b that b it /b is impure; with regard to b his semen, which is dependent on an action /b he performs, b the Sages did not decree /b that b it /b is impure.,The Gemara suggests: b Let us say /b that the following mishna ( i Mikvaot /i 8:4) b supports /b Rava’s opinion: In the case of b a gentile woman who discharged semen /b that came b from a Jew /b who engaged in intercourse with her, the semen is b impure, /b as it came from a Jew. b And /b in the case of b a Jewish woman who discharged semen /b that came b from a gentile, /b the semen is b pure. What, is it not /b correct to say that the mishna means the semen of the gentile is b entirely pure, /b in accordance with the opinion of Rava? The Gemara refutes this suggestion: b No, /b perhaps the mishna means that the semen of a gentile is b pure by Torah law /b but b impure by rabbinic law, /b whereas according to Rava, the semen of a gentile is pure even by rabbinic law.,The Gemara cites another source that possibly supports Rava’s opinion: b Come /b and b hear /b a i baraita /i : b You are found /b to b say the semen of a Jew is impure wherever /b it is found, |
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46. Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History, 3.25.1-3.25.7 (3rd cent. CE - 4th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2019) 151 | 3.25.1. Since we are dealing with this subject it is proper to sum up the writings of the New Testament which have been already mentioned. First then must be put the holy quaternion of the Gospels; following them the Acts of the Apostles. 3.25.2. After this must be reckoned the epistles of Paul; next in order the extant former epistle of John, and likewise the epistle of Peter, must be maintained. After them is to be placed, if it really seem proper, the Apocalypse of John, concerning which we shall give the different opinions at the proper time. These then belong among the accepted writings. 3.25.3. Among the disputed writings, which are nevertheless recognized by many, are extant the so-called epistle of James and that of Jude, also the second epistle of Peter, and those that are called the whether they belong to the evangelist or to another person of the same name. 3.25.4. Among the rejected writings must be reckoned also the Acts of Paul, and the so-called Shepherd, and the Apocalypse of Peter, and in addition to these the extant epistle of Barnabas, and the so-called Teachings of the Apostles; and besides, as I said, the Apocalypse of John, if it seem proper, which some, as I said, reject, but which others class with the accepted books. 3.25.5. And among these some have placed also the Gospel according to the Hebrews, with which those of the Hebrews that have accepted Christ are especially delighted. And all these may be reckoned among the disputed books. 3.25.6. But we have nevertheless felt compelled to give a catalogue of these also, distinguishing those works which according to ecclesiastical tradition are true and genuine and commonly accepted, from those others which, although not canonical but disputed, are yet at the same time known to most ecclesiastical writers — we have felt compelled to give this catalogue in order that we might be able to know both these works and those that are cited by the heretics under the name of the apostles, including, for instance, such books as the Gospels of Peter, of Thomas, of Matthias, or of any others besides them, and the Acts of Andrew and John and the other apostles, which no one belonging to the succession of ecclesiastical writers has deemed worthy of mention in his writings. 3.25.7. And further, the character of the style is at variance with apostolic usage, and both the thoughts and the purpose of the things that are related in them are so completely out of accord with true orthodoxy that they clearly show themselves to be the fictions of heretics. Wherefore they are not to be placed even among the rejected writings, but are all of them to be cast aside as absurd and impious.Let us now proceed with our history. |
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47. Babylonian Talmud, Pesahim, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Simon-Shushan (2012) 244| 74a. מתני׳ big strongכיצד /strong /big צולין את הפסח מביאין שפוד של רמון ותוחבו לתוך פיו עד בית נקובתו ונותן את כרעיו ואת בני מעיו לתוכו דברי ר' יוסי הגלילי ר"ע אומר כמין בישול הוא זה אלא תולין חוצה לו אין צולין את הפסח לא על השפוד ולא על האסכלא א"ר צדוק מעשה בר"ג שאמר לטבי עבדו צא וצלה לנו את הפסח על האסכלא:, big strongגמ׳ /strong /big וניתי של מתכת איידי דחם מקצתו חם כולו וקמטוי מחמת השפוד ורחמנא אמר (שמות יב, ח) צלי אש ולא צלי מחמת דבר אחר וניתי של דקל איידי דאית ליה שיבי מפיק מיא והוי כמבושל וניתי של תאנה איידי דמחלחל מפיק מיא והוה ליה כמבושל,וניתי של אלון של חרוב ושל שקמה איידי דאית ביה קיטרי מפיק מיא,של רמון נמי אית ביה קיטרי שיעי קיטרי ואבע"א בנבגא בר שתא דלית ביה קיטרי והא איכא בי פסקיה דמפיק לבי פסקיה לבר,מתני' דלא כרבי יהודה דתניא רבי יהודה אומר כשם ששפוד של עץ אינו נשרף כך שפוד של מתכת אינו מרתיח אמרו לו זה חם מקצתו חם כולו וזה חם מקצתו אינו חם כולו:,ונותן את כרעיו וכו': תניא רבי ישמעאל קוריהו תוך תוך ר"ט קוריהו גדי מקולס,ת"ר איזהו גדי מקולס דאסור לאכול בלילי פסח בזמן הזה כל שצלאו כולו כאחד נחתך ממנו אבר נשלק ממנו אבר אין זה גדי מקולס,השתא יש לומר נחתך ממנו אבר דאף על גב דקא מטוי ליה בהדיה אמרת לא נשלק מיבעיא א"ר ששת ששלקו במחובר,אמר רבה האי מולייתא שריא א"ל אביי והא קא בלע דמא א"ל כבולעה כך פולטה,נימא מסייע ליה נותן את כרעיו ואת בני מעיו לתוכו מ"ט לאו משום דאמרינן כבולעו כך פולטו אמרי שאני התם כיון דאיכא בית השחיטה דמחלחל | 74a. strong MISHNA: /strong b How does one roast the Paschal lamb? One brings a spit [ i shappud /i ] of pomegranate /b wood b and thrusts it into the mouth /b of the lamb b until /b it reaches b its anus, and /b one then b puts its legs and entrails inside it /b and roasts it all together; this is b the statement of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili. Rabbi Akiva says: /b One does not insert its legs and entrails inside it, as b this is a type of cooking. /b Anything placed inside the offering does not get roasted directly by the fire and is considered to have been cooked. b Rather, one suspends /b the legs and entrails from the spit above the animal’s head b outside it. One /b may b not roast the Paschal lamb on the /b metal b spit nor on /b a metal b grill [ i askela /i ]. /b However, b Rabbi Tzadok said: There was an incident with Rabban Gamliel, who said to his slave Tavi: Go and roast the Paschal lamb for us on the grill. /b , strong GEMARA: /strong The Gemara suggests: b Let them bring a metal /b spit. The Gemara answers: With regard to a metal utensil, b once part of it is hot, it is all hot, and /b the meat is b roasted due to the /b heat of the b spit. And the Merciful One states /b in the Torah that the Paschal lamb must be b roasted in fire and not roasted through something else. /b The Gemara asks why it is necessary to use specifically a spit of pomegranate wood: b Let them bring /b a spit b of palm /b wood. The Gemara answers: b Since /b the palm branch b has grooves /b between the leaves, b it gives off /b a small amount of b water /b from the grooves during roasting. The meat of the offering that touches the spit b is as though it is cooked. /b The Gemara suggests: b Let them bring /b a spit b of fig /b wood. The Gemara answers: b Since it is hollow /b and has sap inside, b it gives off water, and it is as though /b the meat b is cooked. /b ,The Gemara suggests: b Let them bring /b a spit made b from an oak /b or b from a carob /b tree or b from a sycamore, /b which are hard and do not have sap. The Gemara answers: With regard to each one of these trees, b since it has knots /b and one must cut them off in order to smooth the branch, b it gives off water /b from the locations of the cuts during roasting, and the meat is considered cooked.,The Gemara asks: A branch b from a pomegranate /b tree b also has knots. /b The Gemara answers: b Its knots are smooth. /b There is no need to straighten the branch with a knife in order to use it, and therefore it does not emit water. b And if you wish, say /b that the mishna is referring to b a branch /b within its first b year, which does not /b yet b have knots. /b The Gemara asks: b But there is the place it was cut /b from the tree, and water will come from there. The Gemara answers: b One leaves the place it was cut outside /b of the animal rather than inserting that side of the branch into the animal.,The Gemara notes that b the mishna is not in accordance with /b the opinion of b Rabbi Yehuda, as it was taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabbi Yehuda says: Just as /b the part of b a spit of wood /b that is inside the animal b is not burned, /b although it is over the fire, b so /b the part of b a spit of metal /b that is inside the animal b does not become burning hot. /b There is no concern that the meat will be roasted from the heat of the spit. The Rabbis b said to him: /b This is not the case. With regard to b this, /b the metal, when b part of it is hot, it is all hot. And /b with regard to b that, /b the wood, when b part of it is hot, not all of it is hot, /b and therefore the meat is cooked by the heat of the fire and not by the heat of the spit.,It was taught in the mishna that according to the opinion of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, b one places the legs /b and entrails inside the lamb’s body and roasts them together. b It was taught /b in a i baraita /i : b Rabbi Yishmael /b would b call /b the Paschal lamb: b i Tokh /i , i tokh /i , /b because when one roasts the legs and entrails inside the lamb they make that sound, like other things that are cooked. b Rabbi Tarfon /b would b call it: Helmeted kid. /b In his opinion, the entrails must be roasted when they are suspended from the spit above the head of the animal, somewhat resembling a helmet., b The Sages taught: Which is the kid roasted whole that it is prohibited to eat on the nights of Passover in modern times, /b so as not appear as though one sacrificed the Paschal lamb outside the Temple? It is b any /b kid b that one roasted all at once /b in the manner that the Paschal lamb was roasted. However, if b one of its limbs is severed /b or b one of its limbs is boiled, it is no /b longer considered b a kid roasted whole. /b ,The Gemara expresses surprise at the formulation of this i baraita /i . b Now, one can say /b that if b one of its limbs is severed, although one roasts it together with /b the rest of the animal, b you said /b that it is b no /b longer considered a kid roasted whole, and it is permitted in modern times. If one of its limbs b is /b severed and b boiled, /b which is not an approved method of preparation of the Paschal lamb, b is /b it b necessary /b to say that that it is not considered roasted whole? b Rav Sheshet said: /b This is referring to a case b where one boiled /b the limb b while it was attached /b to the rest of the animal. The i halakha /i teaches that even if the animal remains whole, if one of its limbs is cooked it is no longer considered a kid roasted whole.,The Gemara raises a general halakhic discussion related to the mishna. b Rabba said: This stuffing /b of raw meat inside another animal that is being roasted b is permitted, /b even if the meat that is stuffed inside has not been salted to remove the blood. b Abaye said to him: But /b the meat of the animal being roasted b absorbs blood /b from the stuffing. b He said to him: As it absorbs it, so it /b then b emits it. /b The heat of the fire causes blood to be released from the meat used as stuffing into the meat of the animal being stuffed, and the heat then draws the blood out of that meat as well.,The Gemara suggests: b Let us say that /b this mishna b supports him: He places its legs and its entrails inside /b the Paschal lamb and roasts them together. b What is the reason /b that it is permitted to do this? Is it b not because we say: As it absorbs it, so it emits it? /b Although Rabbi Akiva disputes this statement, his opinion is due to the unique i halakhot /i of the Paschal lamb. It seems that everyone agrees that there is no concern about the prohibition against consuming blood. The Gemara refutes this proof: b Say it is different there, /b in the case of the Paschal lamb. b Since there is the place of the slaughter, which is hollow /b and open, |
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48. Babylonian Talmud, Shabbat, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Klawans (2009) 305| 116a. שאין זה מקומה ר' אומר לא מן השם הוא זה אלא מפני שספר חשוב הוא בפני עצמו,כמאן אזלא הא דא"ר שמואל בר נחמן א"ר יונתן (משלי ט, א) חצבה עמודיה שבעה אלו שבעה ספרי תורה כמאן כר',מאן תנא דפליג עליה דר' רשב"ג הוא דתניא רשב"ג אומר עתידה פרשה זו שתיעקר מכאן ותכתב במקומה ולמה כתבה כאן כדי להפסיק בין פורענות ראשונה לפורענות שנייה פורענות שנייה מאי היא (במדבר יא, א) ויהי העם כמתאוננים פורענות ראשונה (במדבר י, לג) ויסעו מהר ה' וא"ר חמא בר' חנינא שסרו מאחרי ה' והיכן מקומה אמר רב אשי בדגלים,איבעיא להו הגליונין של ס"ת מצילין אותן מפני הדליקה או אין מצילין אותן מפני הדליקה ת"ש ס"ת שבלה אם יש בו ללקט שמונים וחמש אותיות כגון פרשת ויהי בנסוע הארון מצילין ואם לאו אין מצילין ואמאי תיפוק ליה משום גיליון דידיה בלה שאני,ת"ש ס"ת שנמחק אם יש בו ללקט שמונים וחמש אותיות כגון פרשת ויהי בנסוע הארון מצילין ואם לאו אין מצילין ואמאי תיפוק ליה משום גיליון דידיה מקום הכתב לא קמיבעיא לי דכי קדוש אגב כתב הוא דקדוש אזל כתב אזלא לה קדושתיה כי קמיבעיא לי של מעלה ושל מטה שבין פרשה לפרשה שבין דף לדף שבתחלת הספר שבסוף הספר ותיפוק ליה משום ההוא דגייז ושדי,ת"ש הגליונין של מעלה ושל מטה שבין פרשה לפרשה שבין דף לדף שבתחלת הספר שבסוף הספר מטמאין את הידים דילמא אגב ס"ת שאני,ת"ש הגיליונין וספרי מינין אין מצילין אותן מפני הדליקה אלא נשרפין במקומן הן ואזכרותיהן מאי לאו גליונין דספר תורה לא גליונין דספרי מינין השתא ספרי מינין גופייהו אין מצילין גליונין מבעיא הכי קאמר וספרי מינין הרי הן כגליונים,גופא הגליונים וספרי מינין אין מצילין אותם מפני הדליקה רבי יוסי אומר בחול קודר את האזכרות שבהן וגונזן והשאר שורפן א"ר טרפון אקפח את בני שאם יבאו לידי שאני אשרוף אותם ואת האזכרות שבהן שאפי' אדם רודף אחריו להורגו ונחש רץ להכישו נכנס לבית ע"ז ואין נכנס לבתיהן של אלו שהללו מכירין וכופרין והללו אין מכירין וכופרין ועליהן הכתוב אומר (ישעיהו נז, ח) [ו] אחר הדלת והמזוזה שמת זכרונך,א"ר ישמעאל ק"ו ומה לעשות שלום בין איש לאשתו אמרה תורה שמי שנכתב בקדושה ימחה על המים הללו שמטילין קנאה ואיבה ותחרות בין ישראל לאביהן שבשמים על אחת כמה וכמה ועליהם אמר דוד (תהלים קלט, כא) הלא משנאיך ה' אשנא ובתקוממיך אתקוטט תכלית שנאה שנאתים לאויבים היו לי וכשם שאין מצילין אותן מפני הדליקה כך אין מצילין אותן לא מן המפולת ולא מן המים ולא מדבר המאבדן,בעי מיניה יוסף בר חנין מר' אבהו הני ספרי דבי אבידן מצילין אותן מפני הדליקה או אין מצילין אין ולאו ורפיא בידיה רב לא אזיל לבי אבידן וכ"ש לבי נצרפי שמואל לבי נצרפי לא אזיל לבי אבידן אזיל אמרו ליה לרבא מ"ט לא אתית לבי אבידן אמר להו דיקלא פלניא איכא באורחא וקשי לי ניעקריה דוכתיה קשי לי מר בר יוסף אמר אנא מינייהו אנא ולא מסתפינא מינייהו זימנא חדא אזיל בעו לסכוניה [הוספה מחסרונות הש"ס: רבי מאיר הוה קרי ליה און גליון רבי יוחנן הוה קרי ליה עון גליון.],אימא שלום דביתהו דרבי אליעזר אחתיה דרבן גמליאל הואי הוה ההוא פילוסופא בשבבותיה | 116a. b that this is not its place, /b as the previous portion does not discuss the nation’s travels. b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi b says: It is not for that /b reason that signs were inserted. b Rather, /b the signs are there b because /b this portion b is considered a book unto itself. /b ,The Gemara asks: b According to whose /b opinion is b that /b which b Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said /b that b Rabbi Yonatan said, /b that with regard to the verse: “With wisdom she built her house, b she carved its seven pillars” /b (Proverbs 9:1), b these are the seven books of the Torah? According to whose /b opinion? It is b according to /b the opinion of b Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi, as by his count there are seven books of the Torah: Genesis; Exodus; Leviticus; Numbers until: “And when the Ark traveled”; the portion: “And when the Ark traveled,” which is considered its own book; the remainder of Numbers; and Deuteronomy., b Who is /b the b tanna who disagrees with Rabbi /b Yehuda HaNasi? b It is Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel. As it was taught /b in a i baraita /i that b Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: In the future, this portion will be uprooted from here, /b where it appears, b and will be written in its /b proper b place. And why was it written here, /b even though it discusses the travels of the children of Israel, and the portion before it does not? It is b in order to demarcate between the first punishment and the second punishment. What is the second punishment /b that appears immediately afterward? It is the verse: b “And the people complained /b wickedly in God’s ears, and God heard and became angry, and the fire of God burned in them and it consumed the edge of the camp” (Numbers 11:1). What is b the first punishment? /b It is the verse: b “And they traveled from the mountain of God [ i mehar Hashem /i ] /b for three days” (Numbers 10:33), b and Rabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said: That they turned from after God [ i me’aḥarei Hashem /i ] /b and hurriedly fled Mount Sinai. The Gemara asks: b And /b if so, b where is /b the proper b place /b for this paragraph? b Rav Ashi said: In /b the portion of the b flags, /b where there is a description of the manner in which the Jewish people traveled through the desert., b A dilemma was raised before /b the Sages: With regard to b the blank folios /b of parchment b of a Torah scroll, /b does b one rescue them from the fire /b on Shabbat, b or /b does b one not rescue them from the fire? Come /b and b hear /b a resolution to this from that which we learned: With regard to b a Torah scroll that is worn, if there is /b enough b in it to compile eighty-five /b complete b letters as in the portion of: “And when the Ark traveled,” one rescues /b it from the fire, b and if not one does not rescue /b it. If even the blank folios are rescued, b why /b would one not rescue a Torah scroll with fewer than the requisite number of letters? b Derive /b that this scroll may be rescued b due to its blank folios. The Gemara /b answers: A Torah scroll that is b worn is different, /b because at that point its sanctity is negated, and its blank folios are not sacred. Therefore, one may rescue the scroll only if it contains eighty-five letters., b Come /b and b hear /b a different resolution from that which was taught in another i baraita /i : With regard to b a Torah scroll that was erased, if there is /b enough b in it to compile eighty-five /b complete b letters as in the portion of: “And when the Ark traveled,” one rescues /b it from the fire, b and if not, one does not rescue /b it. b And why /b is that so? b Derive /b that this scroll may be rescued b due to its blank folios, /b as the erased section is surely no less significant than the blank folios of the scroll. The Gemara answers: That is not so. In a case where b the place of the writing /b is erased b it is not a dilemma for me, as it is sacred due to /b the b writing. /b If the b writing is gone, its sanctity is gone. When it is a dilemma for me is /b with regard to the blank portions that are b above and below, that are between /b one b section and /b another b section, that are between /b one b page and /b another b page, that are at the beginning of the scroll, /b and b that are at the end of the scroll. /b The Gemara asks again: b Derive /b that this scroll may be rescued b due to that /b area that is blank, whose sanctity remains. The Gemara replies: There, it is referring to a case b where /b the blank area b was cut and thrown /b out, and all that remains is the place of the writing., b Come /b and b hear /b a different resolution from what we learned in a mishna: The Sages decreed that b the blank folios /b that are b above and below, that are between /b one b section and /b another b section, that are between /b one b page and /b another b page, that are at the beginning of the scroll, /b and b that are at the end of the scroll render the hands /b that touch them b ritually impure. /b Apparently, the blank folios have the sanctity of a Torah scroll. The Gemara replies: That is not a proof, as b perhaps /b when it is b part of the Torah scroll, it is different, /b and in those circumstances the sanctity of the Torah extends to the blank portions. When they stand alone they have no sanctity.,Therefore, b come /b and b hear /b a different resolution from that which was taught in another i baraita /i : With regard to b the blank folios and the /b Torah b scrolls of heretics, one does not rescue them from the fire; rather, they burn in their place, they and the names /b of God contained therein. b What, /b is this b not /b referring to the b blank folios /b of b a Torah scroll? /b The Gemara rejects this: b No, /b it is referring to the b blank folios /b of b the scrolls of heretics. /b The Gemara is surprised at this: b Now, /b with regard to b the scrolls of heretics themselves, one does not rescue /b them; is it b necessary /b to say that one does not rescue their b blank folios? /b Rather, b this is what it is saying: And the scrolls of heretics are like blank folios. /b ,Apropos the scrolls of heretics, the Gemara analyzes b the matter itself. /b With regard to b the blank folios and the /b Torah b scrolls of /b the b heretics, one does not rescue them from the fire. Rabbi Yosei says: During the week, one cuts the names /b of God contained b therein and buries them, and burns the rest. Rabbi Tarfon said /b in the form of an oath: b I will bury my sons /b if I fail to do the following, b that if /b these books b come into my possession I will burn them and the names /b contained b therein. As even /b if b a person is pursuing him /b with the intent b to kill him, and a snake is hurrying to bite him, one enters a house of idolatry and does not enter the houses of these /b heretics. The reason is b that these /b heretics b are aware /b of the greatness of the Creator manifest in the Torah and its mitzvot, b and /b nevertheless, they b deny /b the existence of God; b whereas these /b idolators b are not aware, and /b that is the reason that they b deny /b the existence of God. b And with regard to the /b heretics, b the verse says: “And behind the door and the doorpost you place your memory” /b (Isaiah 57:8). Although they remember the word of God, they treat it contemptuously, as if casting it behind the door., b Rabbi Yishmael said: /b The fact that the names of God in the scrolls of heretics may be burned can be derived through an b i a fortiori /i /b inference: b Just as to make peace between a husband and his wife, /b the b Torah says: My name that was written in sanctity shall be erased in the water /b in the framework of the ordeal of the i sota /i ; b these, /b the heretics, b who impose jealousy, and hatred, and conflict between the Jewish people and their Father in Heaven, all the more so /b it is proper to erase God’s names because of them. b And with regard to /b heretics, b David said: “For I hate those who hate You, God, and I fight those who rise against You. I hate them with the utmost hatred, they have become enemies to me” /b (Psalms 139:21–22). b And just as they, /b the scrolls of heretics, b are not rescued from the fire, neither are they rescued from a rockslide, nor from water, nor from /b any other b matter that destroys them. /b , b Yosef bar Ḥanin raised a dilemma before Rabbi Abbahu: /b With regard to b these books of the house of Abidan, /b does b one rescue them from the fire or /b does b one not rescue /b them? There were sacred Jewish texts in that house, which were used in debates and discussions on matters of faith. Rabbi Abbahu did not give him a clear answer but said b yes and no, and /b the matter was b uncertain to him. Rav would not go to the house of Abidan /b for conversation, b and all the more so /b he would not go b to the house of Nitzrefei, /b the Persian fire-temple. b Shmuel, to the house of Nitzrefei he did not go, /b but b to the house of Abidan he did go. /b The gentile scholars b said to Rava: Why did you not come to the house of Abidan? /b He evaded their question with an excuse and b said to them: There is a certain palm tree on the road, and /b that makes the path b difficult for me. /b They said to him: b We will uproot it. /b He said to them: Nevertheless, the resulting pit in b its place /b will be b difficult for me. Mar bar Yosef said: I am /b one b of them, /b we are friends, b and I do not fear them. /b Still, b one time he went /b and argued with them and b they sought to endanger his /b life. b Rabbi Meir would call /b the Christian writing, the Evangelion, the b wicked folio [ i aven gilyon /i ]; Rabbi Yoḥa /b called it the b sinful folio [ i avon gilyon /i ]. /b ,The Gemara relates: b Imma Shalom, /b the b wife /b of b Rabbi Eliezer, was Rabban Gamliel’s sister. There was /b a Christian b philosopher [ i pilosofa /i ] in their neighborhood /b |
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49. Babylonian Talmud, Yoma, None (3rd cent. CE - 6th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2009) 305| 9a. לפי ששלח בכל גבולי ישראל וראה שאין מפרישין אלא תרומה גדולה בלבד,מעשר ראשון ומעשר עני נמי לא המוציא מחבירו עליו הראיה אלא מעשר שני נפרשו ונסקו וניכלוהו בירושלם,אמר עולא מתוך שפרהדרין הללו חובטין אותן כל י"ב חדש ואומרים להן מכרו בזול מכרו בזול לא אטרחונהו רבנן מאי פרהדרין פורסי,אמר רבה בר בר חנה א"ר יוחנן מאי דכתיב (משלי י, כז) יראת ה' תוסיף ימים ושנות רשעים תקצרנה יראת ה' תוסיף ימים זה מקדש ראשון שעמד ארבע מאות ועשר שנים ולא שמשו בו אלא י"ח כהנים גדולים,ושנות רשעים תקצרנה זה מקדש שני שעמד ד' מאות ועשרים שנה ושמשו בו יותר משלש מאות כהנים צא מהם מ' שנה ששמש שמעון הצדיק ושמונים ששמש יוחנן כהן גדול עשר ששמש ישמעאל בן פאבי ואמרי לה י"א ששמש ר' אלעזר בן חרסום מכאן ואילך צא וחשוב כל אחד ואחד לא הוציא שנתו,א"ר יוחנן בן תורתא מפני מה חרבה שילה מפני שהיו בה שני דברים גלוי עריות ובזיון קדשים גלוי עריות דכתיב (שמואל א ב, כב) ועלי זקן מאד ושמע את כל אשר יעשון בניו לכל ישראל ואת אשר ישכבון את הנשים הצובאות פתח אהל מועד ואע"ג דאמר ר' שמואל בר נחמני א"ר יוחנן כל האומר בני עלי חטאו אינו אלא טועה מתוך | 9a. This is b because /b Yoḥa the High Priest b sent /b emissaries b throughout all the /b areas located within the b borders of /b i Eretz b Yisrael /b /i to assess the situation b and saw that /b the people b were separating only i teruma gedola /i /b and were neglecting to separate tithes. Therefore, he issued a decree that anyone who purchases produce from an i am ha’aretz /i must be concerned about the possibility that it was not tithed and is required to tithe it. Since even an i am ha’aretz /i separates i teruma gedola /i , the bakers who purchased grain from them were not required to do so.,And granted, bakers need not separate b first tithe and poor man’s tithe /b due to the principle: b The burden of proof rests upon the claimant. /b Neither first tithe, given to Levites, nor poor man’s tithe, given to the poor, is sacred. It is merely the property of the Levite and the pauper, respectively. Since with regard to doubtfully tithed produce, by definition, there is no certainty that one is actually required to tithe it, if the Levite or the pauper should seek to take possession of the gifts, they must first prove that in fact the produce was not tithed. b However, /b with regard to b second tithe, /b why are the bakers exempt? b Let them separate /b second-tithe from the produce, b take it up /b to Jerusalem, b and eat it in Jerusalem, /b which is the i halakha /i with regard to anyone else who purchases doubtfully tithed produce., b Ulla said: /b It is b because these i parhedrin /i , /b government appointees, b beat /b the bakers throughout the b entire twelve months /b of their tenure b and tell them: Sell /b your baked goods b cheaply, sell /b them b cheaply. /b Since the officers insist that the bakers refrain from raising their prices, b the Sages did not /b further b burden them /b with the exertion of separating second tithe from a large quantity of grain and taking it to Jerusalem, as they would be unable to raise their prices to cover the cost of the lost grain and the trip to Jerusalem. Since the presumptive status of the grain is that it was tithed, and the obligation to tithe doubtfully tithed produce is a stringency, the Sages exempted the baker from the obligation to do so. b What /b is the meaning of b i parhedrin /i ? /b These are royal b appointees [ i pursei /i ] /b charged with performance of different tasks.,§ Apropos the Second Temple period, when High Priests were frequently replaced, the Gemara cites that b Rabba bar bar Ḥana said /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa said: What is /b the meaning of that b which is written: “The fear of the Lord prolongs days, but the years of the wicked will be shortened” /b (Proverbs 10:27)? b The fear of the Lord prolongs days; that /b is a reference to the b First Temple, which stood /b for b four hundred and ten years and in /b which b only eighteen High Priests served, /b as is written in the lists of the genealogy of the priests in the Bible., b But the years of the wicked will be shortened; that /b is a reference to the b Second Temple, which stood /b for b four hundred and twenty years and in /b which b over three hundred High Priests served. /b In calculating the tenures of the High Priests, b deduct from /b the figure of four hundred and twenty years b forty years that Shimon HaTzaddik served, and eighty /b years b that Yoḥa the High Priest served, ten /b years b that Yishmael ben Pavi served, and some say eleven /b years b that Rabbi Elazar ben Ḥarsum served. /b These men were all righteous and were privileged to serve extended terms. After deducting those one hundred and thirty or one hundred and forty-one years, b go out and calculate from this /b point b forward /b and conclude: b Each and every one /b of the remaining High Priests b did not complete his year /b in office, as the number of remaining High Priests is greater than the number of years remaining.,§ Apropos the sins of the High Priests in the Second Temple, the Gemara cites that b Rabbi Yoḥa ben Torta said: Due to what /b reason b was /b the Tabernacle in b Shiloh destroyed /b in the time of the prophet Samuel? It was destroyed b due to /b the fact b that there were two matters /b that existed b in /b the Tabernacle: b Forbidden sexual relations and degradation /b of b consecrated items. /b There were b forbidden sexual relations, as it is written: “Now Eli was very old and he heard what his sons were doing to all of Israel, how they lay with the women who did service at the opening of the Tent of Meeting” /b (I Samuel 2:22). b And although Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani said /b that b Rabbi Yoḥa said: Anyone who says that the sons of Eli sinned /b by engaging in forbidden sexual relations b is nothing other than mistaken, /b even according to the alternative interpretation of the verse that it was b due to /b the fact |
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50. Anon., Numbers Rabba, 15.7 (4th cent. CE - 9th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2009) 310| 15.7. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אֶל מוּל פְּנֵי הַמְּנוֹרָה יָאִירוּ שִׁבְעַת הַנֵּרוֹת, שֶׁלֹא תִהְיוּ מְבַזִּין עַל הַמְּנוֹרָה, הֱוֵי (זכריה ד, י): כִּי מִי בַז לְיוֹם קְטַנּוֹת וְשָׂמְחוּ וְרָאוּ אֶת הָאֶבֶן הַבְּדִיל בְּיַד זְרֻבָּבֶל שִׁבְעָה אֵלֶּה, אֵלֶּה זוֹ הַמְּנוֹרָה, שִׁבְעָה אֵלּוּ שִׁבְעַת הַנֵּרוֹת, כְּנֶגֶד שִׁבְעָה כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁמְשׁוֹטְטִין בְּכָל הָאָרֶץ, כָּךְ הֵם חֲבִיבִין שֶׁלֹא תִהְיוּ מְבַזִּין עֲלֵיהֶן, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: אֶל מוּל פְּנֵי הַמְּנוֹרָה יָאִירוּ שִׁבְעַת הַנֵּרוֹת, שֶׁלֹא יַטְעֶה אוֹתְךָ יִצְרְךָ לוֹמַר שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ אוֹרָה, רְאֵה מַה כְּתִיב בַּחַלּוֹנוֹת (יחזקאל מ, טז): וְחַלּוֹנוֹת אֲטֻמוֹת אֶל הַתָּאִים וְאֶל אֵלֵיהֵמָה לִפְנִימָה וגו' וְכֵן לָאֵלַמּוֹת וגו' כְּהַחַלּוֹנוֹת הָאֵלֶּה. כַּחַלּוֹנוֹת אֵין כְּתִיב כָּאן, אֶלָּא כְּהַחַלּוֹנוֹת, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ רְחָבוֹת מִבַּחוּץ וְצָרוֹת מִבִּפְנִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מוֹצִיאִין אוֹרָה לַחוּץ. אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה הַכֹּהֵן בֵּירַבִּי הַבָּרָק הַזֶּה תּוֹלְדוֹת הָאֵשׁ שֶׁל מַעְלָן הוּא, וְהוּא יוֹצֵא וּמַבְהִיק אֶת כָּל הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל א, יג): וּדְמוּת הַחַיּוֹת מַרְאֵיהֶם כְּגַחֲלֵי אֵשׁ בֹּעֲרוֹת כְּמַרְאֵה הַלַּפִּדִים, וּמִן הָאֵשׁ יוֹצֵא בָרָק, וּמַבְהִיק אֶת כָּל הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ, וַאֲנִי צָרִיךְ לָאוֹרָה שֶׁלָּכֶם, וְלָמָּה אָמַרְתִּי לְךָ, כְּדֵי לְעַלּוֹתֶךָ. אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עֵינַיִם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּךָ יֵשׁ בְּתוֹכָן לָבָן וְשָׁחוֹר, וְאֵין אַתָּה רוֹאֶה מִתּוֹךְ הַלָּבָן אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ הַשָּׁחוֹר, וּמָה אִם עֵינֶיךָ שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּתוֹכָן שָׁחוֹר וְלָבָן אֵין אַתָּה רוֹאֶה אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ הַשָּׁחוֹר, הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁכֻּלּוֹ אוֹרָה הוּא צָרִיךְ לָאוֹרָה שֶׁלָּכֶם. דָּבָר אַחֵר, אֶל מוּל פְּנֵי הַמְּנוֹרָה, בָּשָׂר וָדָם מַדְלִיק נֵר מִנֵּר דָּלוּק, שֶׁמָּא יוּכַל לְהַדְלִיק נֵר מִתּוֹךְ הַחשֶׁךְ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית א, ב): וְחשֶׁךְ עַל פְּנֵי תְהוֹם, מַה כְּתִיב אַחֲרָיו (בראשית א, ג): וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי אוֹר, וּמִתּוֹךְ הַחשֶׁךְ הוֹצֵאתִי אוֹרָה, וַאֲנִי צָרִיךְ לָאוֹרָה שֶׁלָּכֶם, וְלֹא אָמַרְתִּי לְךָ אֶלָּא לְעַלּוֹת אוֹתְךָ, (שמות כז, כ): לְהַעֲלֹת נֵר תָּמִיד. | 15.7. "Another explanation, \"at the front of the menorah, let the seven lights give light\" (Numbers 8:2), so that they shouldn't dishonour the menorah. (Zechariah 4:10) \"Does anyone scorn a day of small [beginnings]? When they see the stone of distinction in the hand of Zerubavel they shall rejoice over these seven\". \"These\" -- this is the menorah. \"Seven\" -- these are the seven lights, corresponding to the seven stars that wander in all the land [planets?]. So they are beloved that they are not disgraced on them, for this it says \"at the front of the menorah let the seven lights give light\" -- so that they should not become mistaken to you, and you should need to say that He needs light, see that which is written of windows (Ezekiel 40:16) \"The recesses—and their supports—had windows with frames on the interior [of the gate complex on both sides]\" etc., and so \"the interiors [of the vestibules also had windows on both sides]\" (ibid.) were like these windows. 'Like windows' is not written here, rather, \"like the windows\", that they should be wide from the outside and narrow from within, so that they would bring in light from outside. Rabbi Berachyah the kohen said in the name of Rabbi, this lightning is offspring of the fire from above, and it comes out and lights the whole world, as it says (Ezekiel 1:13) \"Such then was the appearance of the creatures. With them was something that looked like burning coals of fire. This fire, suggestive of torches, kept moving about among the creatures; the fire had a radiance, and lightning issued from the fire.\" And lights the whole world, and I need their light. And why did I tell you? To deceive you. Rabbi Chanina said, the Holy Blessed one said \"Eyes have black and white [parts] in them, and you don't see from the white but rather from the black [parts], and so if your eyes that have black and white within them only see with the black, the Holy Blessed One is entirely Light and needs to light them. Another explanation, \"at the front of the menorah\", flesh and blood kindle a light from another light, since they are unable to create light from darkness, as it says (Genesis 1:2) \"Darkness was over the face of the deep\". Why is it written after this (Genesis 1:3) \"And God said, \"Let there be light\"\" and from the midst of the darkness brought forth light. And I need to light them, and I didn't say to you except to bring you up -- (Exodus 27:20) \"to set up the eternal light\" .", |
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| 51. Theodosius Ii Emperor of Rome, Theodosian Code, 16.8-16.9, 16.8.29 (5th cent. CE - 5th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 94 |
| 52. Anon., Avot Derabbi Nathan A, 4 (6th cent. CE - 8th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 93 |
| 53. Anon., Avot Derabbi Nathan B, 6 (6th cent. CE - 8th cent. CE) Tagged with subjects: •alon, g. Found in books: Fonrobert and Jaffee (2007) 93 |
| 54. Benedictus of Nursia, Rule of St. Benedict, 4 Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2019) 151 |
| 55. Euripides, Opening, None Tagged with subjects: •motifs (thematic), villains as acting alone Found in books: Schwartz (2008) 65 |
| 56. Anon., Pesiqta De Rav Kahana, 9.12, 15.7, 15.9, 18.6 Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2009) 305, 310, 311 |
| 57. Anon., Genesis Rabbati, 11 Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2009) 310 |
| 58. Anon., Tanhuma, None Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedaliah Found in books: Klawans (2009) 310 |
| 59. Anon., Song Rabbah, 7.2 Tagged with subjects: •alon, gedalyahu Found in books: Schremer (2010) 170 |
| 60. Anon., Leges Publicae, None Tagged with subjects: •nan Found in books: Klawans (2009) 310, 311 |
